Publications

[risk profile and macroangiopathy in type ii diabetics in medical practice].	the risk profile and the macro-vascular complications of patients with type ii diabetes mellitus (niddm) was investigated in general practice patients for the first time in the frg. it was the aim of the study to evaluate the efficacy of the therapy and possible improvements after detailed instructions in a random sample of well defined niddm in the greater munich area. 290 niddm (187 female, 103 male) out of a total of 1500 patients treated by 22 general practitioners were randomly recruited fo ...	1990	2371785
suppression of lymphocyte proliferation by a greater than 30,000 molecular weight factor in horse conceptus-conditioned medium.	in this experiment we have identified and partially characterized the immunosuppressive activity of preimplantation horse conceptus-conditioned medium (hccm). horse conceptuses were nonsurgically flushed from mares at days 9-10 (n = 6), 15-16 (n = 3), and 25-26 (n = 3). after incubating the conceptuses for 24 h in rpmi-1640 supplemented with 15% fetal calf serum (fcs) and 1% penicillin/streptomycin, hccm was obtained from cultures and tested for immunosuppressive activity in lymphocyte prolifera ...	1990	2378942
cystic echinococcosis in the xinjiang/uygur autonomous region, people's republic of china. i. demographic and epidemiologic data.	demographic and epidemiologic data on those factors potentially related to the prevalence and transmission of hydatid disease caused by echinococcus granulosus were collected in 1987 from each household in 85 villages in the two communities of yuanhucun and ershilidian within hutubi county in the xinjiang/uygur autonomous region, prc, with additional questionnaire data collected from approximately 40 households randomly selected from each of 16 villages within those communities. yuanhucun and er ...	1990	2382094
[gastrointestinal tolerance of 30 mg versus 300 mg acetylsalicylic acid daily. an endoscopically controlled double-blind study of healthy subjects].	acetylsalicylic acid (ass) is increasingly used in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases. in recent years daily ass-doses (100 to 300 mg) have been given for this indication. studies with still lower ass-doses (f. i. 30 mg daily) are the focus of ongoing clinical trials. in a randomized double-blind study we have evaluated the gastroduodenal tolerability of 30 mg ass and 300 mg ass daily in 20 healthy volunteers using upper gi-endoscopy. both ass-dosages have been taken for a period of four ...	1990	2385209
clinical features of sickle cell disease in eastern saudi arab children.	the clinical features of sickle cell disease (scd) in saudi arab children of eastern origin are presented. one hundred and seventy-three children were diagnosed at birth and followed prospectively from 3 months to up to 4 years of age. there were 87 boys and 86 girls. genotype distribution included 146 sickle cell anemia, 24 sickle beta +-thalassemia, two sickle beta 0-thalassemia, and one sickle hemoglobin c disease. of our patients, 7% presented in the first 12 months of age and 27% remained a ...	1990	1689968
studies of the acute phase response in experimental serum sickness.	the acute phase behavior of c-reactive protein (c-rp), the third component of complement (c3) and total haemolytic complement activity was studied during the course of acute serum sickness (ass) in rabbits. the specific aim was to establish whether the induction protocol caused a significant change in the serum concentration of proteins (such as c3) which could modify the outcome of the disease. ass was induced by an intravenous (iv) bolus of bovine serum albumin (250 mg/kg) with or without prio ...	1990	1966987
a molecular genetic linkage map of mouse chromosome 2.	interspecific backcross mice were used to create a molecular genetic linkage map of chromosome 2. genomic dnas from n2 progeny were subjected to southern blot analysis using molecular probes that identified the abl, acra, ass, c5, cas-1, fshb, gcg, hox-5.1, jgf-1, kras-3, ltk, pax-1, prn-p, and spna-2 loci; these loci were added to the 11 loci previously mapped to the distal region of chromosome 2 in the same interspecific backcross to generate a composite multilocus linkage map. several loci ma ...	1990	1970329
assignment of the structural gene for argininosuccinate synthetase to proximal mouse chromosome 2.	in order to develop linkage markers for the murine argininosuccinate synthetase locus (ass-1), we have searched for restriction fragment length polymorphisms in the mouse genome using cloned sequences from the mouse arginosuccinate synthetase structural gene. five restriction fragment length polymorphisms were found among the recombinant inbred progenitor strains akr/j, balb/cbyj, c3h/hej, c57bl/6j, c57l/j, dba/2j, and swr/j. of these, four polymorphisms were found to distinguish the swr/j strai ...	1990	1970331
syntenic conservation between humans and cattle. i. human chromosome 9.	bovine x hamster hybrid somatic cells have been used to investigate the syntenic relationship of nine loci in the bovine that have homologous loci on human chromosome 9. six loci, aldh1, aldob, c5, ggtb2, gsn, and itil, were assigned to the previously identified bovine syntenic group u18 represented by aco1, whereas the other three loci, abl, ass, and grp78, mapped to a new, previously unidentified autosomal syntenic group. additionally, a secondary locus, abll, which cross-hybridized with the a ...	1990	2081596
chromosomal and molecular evolution in asiatic wild asses.	chromosomal studies of tibetan wild ass, equus kiang holdereri are reported for the first time. a robertsonian polymorphism resulting in diploid numbers of 2n = 51 and 2n = 52 was identified. this polymorphism involves the same elements that participate in the polymorphic robertsonian rearrangement producing diploid numbers of 54-56 in e. hemionus kulan and e. hemionus onager. comparison of mitochondrial dna restriction fragment patterns among three unrelated kiang individuals and between kiangs ...	1990	2090563
mycoplasmas from donkeys and horses in the sudan.	seventeen isolates (4.27%) were recovered from 398 samples. twelve isolates (4%) were obtained from 300 donkey nasal swabs, three (4.3%) and two (6.89%) isolates were recovered from 69 horse nasal swabs and 29 mare uterine washings, respectively. nine isolates were lost during storage at -20 degrees c and the remaining eight were identified as mycoplasmas and their biological, biochemical and serological reactions were investigated. the isolates could be divided into two groups on the basis of g ...	1990	2103053
[antimicrobial action of a repin bandage in periodontology].	the paper deals with the antimicrobial activity of repin bandages used commonly in periodontology. the main criterium for evaluation was the number of bacteria in the wound beneath the bandage, ass ossessed by cultivation. the authors compared three types of bandages (repin with traumacel, repin with framykoin and repin alone). repin with framykoin reduced most effectively the number of micro-organisms for the longest period of time. the results revealed that the amount of bacteriabacteria benea ...	1990	2103618
elephant pituitary gonadotropins.	we describe for the first time the purification and some properties of luteinizing hormone (lh) and follicle-stimulating hormone (fsh) isolated from anterior pituitary tissue of the african elephant (loxodonta africana). methodology previously applied to equine and donkey pituitaries was used to obtain purified preparations of elephant lh and fsh in yields of 8.8 and 0.48 mg, respectively, per 10 g pituitary powder. the preparations were characterized by hplc gel filtration and amino acid analys ...	1990	2118115
measurement systems and indices of miners' exposure to radon daughter products in the air of mines.	this paper presents the classification of measurement systems that may be used for the assessment of miners' exposure to radiation in mines. the following systems were described and characterized as the air sampling system (ass), the environmental control system (ecs), the individual dosimetry system (ids), the stream monitoring system (sms) and the exhaust monitoring system (ems). the indices for evaluation of miners' working environments, or for assessment of individual or collective miners' e ...	1990	2134320
cutaneous habronemiasis in horses and domestic donkeys (equus asinus asinus).	cutaneous habronemiasis in 15 horses and 5 donkeys is described. the lesions were distributed in many parts of the body involving the medial canthus, shoulder and pectoral regions, knee and fetlock joints, abdominal wall and prepuce. some animals had more than one lesion. the lesions were ulcerative and filled with soft light red granulation tissue. when curretted, the deeper layers revealed a dense fibrous tissue with calcified foci. close examination of the lesions showed that the superficial ...	1990	2145616
[characteristics of lateralization in rats prone to audiogenic epilepsy].	differences in asymmetry of audiogenic seizure susceptible rats (ass) as compared with resistant rats (asr) were analysed in the present study. it was found that ass rats were more lateralized in behavioral tests (the choice of one side of t-maze and the preference of one paw in obtaining food from the tube) and after systemically injected apomorphin. it was also established that there were more sexual differences of asymmetry in the ass group than in the asr one.	1990	2162590
comparative studies of the proteins of equine herpesviruses 4 and 1 and asinine herpesvirus 3: antibody response of the natural hosts.	proteins of purified virions of equine herpesvirus 4 (ehv-4; equine rhinopneumonitis), ehv-1 (equine abortion virus) and asinine herpesvirus 3 (ahv-3) were compared by metabolic labelling with [35s]methionine or [14c]glucosamine during growth of low passage virus in natural host cells (horse or donkey) and high passage virus in an appropriate cell line and analysis by sds-page. approximately 25 different proteins (mr 300k to 21.5k) were clearly resolved for each virus. the three viruses had simi ...	1990	2170572
[stomach tolerance of buffered and unbuffered low-dose acetylsalicylic acid: an endoscopy controlled double-blind study in volunteers].	in this randomised double-blind cross-over study the gastroduodenal tolerability of buffered acetylsalicylic acid (ass) (aspalox = 325 mg ass plus 300 mg magnesium aluminium hydroxide) daily has been compared with unbuffered ass (325 mg) daily in 12 healthy volunteers using upper gl-endoscopy. the treatment period lasted 14 days: endoscopic controls were performed at entry and repeated at day 14. at day 0 the mean endoscopic score averaged 0.8 +/- 0.1 in both groups (mw +/- sem). one tablet aspa ...	1990	2188449
[prevention of thromboembolism in para-articular femoral fractures of the hip--results of a prospective randomized study of heparin-dhe and ass-dhe].	the effectiveness of prophylaxis of thromboembolism either by acetyl-salicylic-acid (asa) 0.5 g + dihydroergotamin (dhe) 2.5 mg three times a day or by heparin 5000 iu + 0.5 mg dhe (hdhe) three times a day was compared in 404 patients, elder than 55 years, with fractures close by the hip joint. effectiveness was proved daily clinical controls, perfusion scintigraphy on the day after admission, the fourth postoperative day and the day before discharge and by autopsy of the died patients. clinical ...	1990	2200187
the median cleft of the lower lip and mandible and its surgical correction in a donkey.		1990	2209530
dystocia attributable to a fetal monster resembling schistosomus reflexus in a donkey.	a schistosomus reflexus fetal monster was removed from a jenny via cesarean section. this type of anomaly is seen principally in ruminants and swine. only 3 cases have been reported in equidae.	1990	2211309
time course of adaptation and recovery from adaptation in the cat auditory-nerve neurophonic.	the auditory-nerve neurophonic (ann) reflects the ensemble response of phase-locked firing in single auditory-nerve fibers to sustained signals. consequently, neural response properties such as adaptation and recovery from adaptation can be observed. in this study, ann responses to 800-hz, 100-ms tones presented at 10-30-db sl were recorded using bipolar platinum-iridium electrodes placed on the auditory nerve of the cat. the cat ann adaptation properties were determined and fit to the equation: ...	1990	2212311
serum thromboxane generation by platelets in several domestic animal species.	blood collected from calves, sheep, goats, pigs, dogs, horses, ponies and donkeys, was allowed to clot under standard conditions. thromboxane b2 generated during the clotting process was measured by radioimmunoassay in serum harvested from each sample. highly significant differences were found between species and also between genera within a species. highest concentrations of thromboxane b2 were detected in the dog samples (887.7 +/- 123.7 ng/ml) and lowest concentrations in samples from sheep ( ...	1990	2224484
[experiences from general practice: use of acetylsalicylic acid and anticoagulants in patients following acute myocardial infarct].	an effective therapy with coumarin derivatives within the secondary prevention after acute myocardial infarction makes great demands on the dispensary care. the risk of serious complications is relatively high. the risk of therapy with acetyl salicylic acid (ass) in low dosage is significantly smaller. a significant decrease of the rate of reinfarctions and lethality by acetyl salicylic acid was made evident. the retrospective evaluation of the duration of treatment and effectiveness of the ther ...	1990	2247990
[the sportmed commission of the ass (swiss sports association)].		1990	2255887
elevated argininosuccinate synthetase activity in adult t leukemia cell lines.	argininosuccinate synthetase (ass) is a atp-dependent and rate-limiting enzyme of the urea cycle which catalyzes l-citrulline to l-arginine in combination with argininosuccinate lyase (asl). we demonstrate here that (a) human normal t and b lymphocytes did not express ass activity, (b) however, three adult t leukemia (atl) cell lines tested here exhibited significant elevation of ass activity, and (c) asl activity remained relatively constant in normal lymphocytes and various leukemia cell lines ...	1990	2259230
ca repeat polymorphism at the ass locus.		1990	2259653
pursuit gain and saccadic intrusions in first-degree relatives of probands with schizophrenia.	oculomotor functioning of 26 probands with schizophrenia, 12 spectrum and 46 nonspectrum first-degree relatives, and 38 nonpsychiatric control subjects was evaluated. spectrum relatives had more anticipatory saccades (ass) and lower pursuit gain than nonspectrum relatives, who had more ass and lower pursuit gain than control subjects. probands also had lower pursuit gain than nonspectrum relatives and control subjects but did not differ from other groups on as frequency. control subjects had mor ...	1990	2266205
suspected congenital origin of bilateral hydrosalpinx in a jenny donkey.		1990	2269270
differential cellular localization of enzymes of l-arginine metabolism in the rat brain.	polyclonal rabbit antisera specific to argininosuccinate synthetase (ass), argininosuccinate lyase and arginase revealed that these enzymes of l-arginine metabolism are generally localized in different cells of the rat brain. in the main olfactory bulb and the cerebellar cortex the three immunoreactivities were localized in different cells: in the somatic motor nuclei ass-like immunoreactivity was localized in incoming fibers, and the other two enzymes were found in the motor neurons. the result ...	1990	2271938
covalent structure of the minor monomeric beta-lactoglobulin ii component from donkey milk.	the complete primary structure of the minor beta-lactoglobulin ii component from donkey milk is presented. it has been established by amino-acid sequencing and mass-spectrometry analysis of intact protein and peptides obtained after enzymatic and chemical cleavages. the molecular mass and the pi of the protein are calculated to be 18,261 da and 4.5 respectively. despite the close structural similarity of the donkey and horse major beta-lactoglobulin i components, their minor beta-lactoglobulin i ...	1990	2291812
probable paratuberculosis in a sicilian ass.	a presumptive diagnosis of paratuberculosis was made in a sicilian ass on the basis of a history of chronic diarrhea and weight loss, pasture exposure to a heifer with paratuberculosis confirmed by bacterial culture of feces, postmortem identification of granulomatous inflammation of the intestine containing acid-fast organisms, the absence of acid-fast organisms in extraenteric tissues, and the absence of exposure to tuberculosis. the literature on paratuberculosis in equids is reviewed. the po ...	1990	2298679
reference ranges and the influence of age and sex on hematologic and serum biochemical values in donkeys (equus asinus).	hematologic and serum biochemical values were determined in blood samples from 217 donkeys (equus asinus). donkeys were classified on the basis of size, sex, age, and whether they were domestic or feral. parametric (mean +/- 2 sd) and nonparametric (2.5th to 97.5th percentile) reference ranges were calculated for each analyte. for all donkeys, 26 of 46 analytes significantly departed from gaussian distribution. serum lactate dehydrogenase activity in miniature donkeys was higher than that in oth ...	1990	2316919
dystonia gene in ashkenazi jewish population is located on chromosome 9q32-34.	idiopathic torsion dystonia (itd) is a neurological disorder characterized by sustained muscle contractions that appear as twisting movements of the limbs, trunk, and/or neck, which can progress to abnormal postures. most familial forms of itd follow autosomal dominant transmission with reduced penetrance. the frequency of itd in the ashkenazi jewish population is five to ten times greater than that in other groups. recently, a gene for itd (dyt1) in a non-jewish kindred was located on chromosom ...	1990	2317008
on the collateral sesamoidean (suspensory navicular) ligament of equines: topographic relations and sensitive innervation.	the origin and course of the collateral sesamoidean (suspensory navicular) ligament of the horse and ass and its attachment to the distal sesamoid bone were studied by means of dissection. particular attention was given to the topographic relations between this ligament and the deep digital flexor tendon. numerous sensitive nerve endings are present in this anatomical district. the free and encapsulated nerve endings, displayed by impregnating techniques, are mostly concentrated in the ligament ...	1990	1669681
historical highlights in cardiac pacing.	the benchmarks in cardiac pacing are identified, beginning with f. steiner (1871), who rhythmically stimulated the chloroform-arrested hearts of 3 horses, 1 donkey, 10 dogs, 14 cats, and 8 rabbits. the chloroform-arrested heart in human subjects was paced by t. greene in the following year (1872) in the uk. in 1882, h. ziemssen in germany applied cardiac pacing to a 42-year old woman who had a large defect in the anterior left chest wall subsequent to resection of an enchondroma. intentional car ...	1990	18238328
a rehabilitation team approach to correct flexural deformities in a donkey foal.		1990	17423562
disposition of oxytetracycline in horses, ponies and donkeys after intravenous administration.		1990	2209525
[left-ventricular bypass: characteristics of homeostasis].	experiments were conducted on donkeys to study the peculiarities of homeostasis in establishment of left ventricular bypass (lvb) by means of an artificial heart ventricle (ahv). preliminary modelling of acute cardiac insufficiency makes the work of the ahv effective and ensures longer survival than that among intact animals. however, arterial hypertension and anemia accompanying prolonged work of the ahv and resulting from the interaction of the last named with the cardiovascular system sharply ...	1990	2357402
a comparison between the digestibility of hay by donkeys and ponies.		1990	2206326
blood lead and zinc protoporphyrin levels in donkeys and mules near a secondary lead smelter in jamaica, 1987-88.	during the course of an investigation into community lead poisoning near a secondary lead smelter in jamaica, blood lead and zinc protoporphyrin levels were measured in 8 exposed and 6 (3 jamaican, 3 us) unexposed donkeys and mules. the blood lead levels of 6 animals in the contaminated area ranged from 7.5 to 33 micrograms/dl (mean = 17.6 micrograms/dl), compared to 1.8 and 2.4 in unexposed jamaican animals. more striking was the difference in zinc protoporphyrin levels; all 8 exposed donkeys a ...	1990	2301150
intake, digestion and gastrointestinal transit time in resting donkeys and ponies and exercised donkeys given ad libitum hay and straw diets.	four donkeys and four ponies maintained in climate rooms, were provided with meadow hay or barley straw supplemented with minerals and vitamins ad libitum. both diets were given to all animals for periods of 21 days. measurements were made during the last seven days following single doses of two non-absorbable markers (cr-fibre and co-edta). after six weeks the donkeys repeated the trial, walking 14 km and ascending 260 m five days per week. at rest ponies ate more than donkeys, however the donk ...	1991	1959523
[restriction fragment length differences of genomic repetitive dna from five sibling species of anopheles hyrcanus group].	genomic dna were prepared from 5 sibling species of anopheles hyrcanus group including an. sinensis (ass), an. anthropophagus (ala), an. liangshanensis (als), an. crawfordi (acw) and an. xiaokuanus (axk). high molecular weight dna from each species were cut with three restriction endonucleases (bgl ii, hae iii and pst i) and the dna fragments analysed by agarose gel electrophoresis and ethidium bromide staining. three enzymes (bgl ii, hae iii and pst i) produced unique fragments in all sibling s ...	1991	1676618
analysis of horse and donkey gonadotrophin genes using southern blotting and dna hybridization techniques.	the number of genes encoding the common alpha-subunit and hormone-specific beta-subunits of the equine gonadotrophins (fsh, lh and cg) were investigated in the horse (equus caballus), donkey (e. asinus) and 2 horse x donkey hybrids (the mule and hinny). the southern technique, involving restriction enzyme digestion, blotting and dna hybridization to 32p-labelled dna probes was used to estimate the copy number for each gene and to assess the extent to which equids resemble primates, the only othe ...	1991	1686622
localization and high-resolution imaging of cortical neurotransmitter compartments using confocal laser scanning microscopy: gaba and glutamate interactions in rat cortex.	this report compares the application of confocal laser scanning fluorescence microscopy with standard epifluorescence microscopy for the simultaneous localization of the neurotransmitters gamma-aminobutyric acid and glutamate in rat cerebral cortex. with this approach, sections of fixed rat brain are treated with primary antibodies against gamma-aminobutyric acid (rabbit-derived) and glutamate (mouse-derived), followed by treatment with fluorescein isothiocyanate-tagged donkey anti-rabbit and rh ...	1991	1687109
avian leukosis virus and selection on oviposition interval in australorp lines.	1. shedding of group-specific antigen of avian leukosis virus (alv) into egg albumen was determined in three australorp lines: as line that had been selected primarily for short oviposition interval, ass line that had been derived from the as line and developed as a commercial dam line for egg laying, and ac line that had been kept as a randombred control. 2. the proportion of shedders was 13.1 to 16.7% in the as line in 1984-88, 16.3% in the ass line in 1984 (before culling of the shedders), an ...	1991	1651152
adaptation and recovery from adaptation in single fiber responses of the cat auditory nerve.	this study examined the time course of adaptation and recovery from adaptation of single auditory-nerve fiber responses. the conditions studied were: (1) adaptation response using low level, 800 hz or characteristic frequency (cf) stimuli; and (2) onset recovery and whole tone response recovery of a probe tone following a masker of equal frequency with variable silent intervals between the masker offset and probe onset. single unit responses to 290 ms long, 800 hz or cf tones presented at 10-30 ...	1991	1652600
biventricular bypass: alternative to univentricular bypass and total artificial heart-bridge.	left ventricular and biventricular bypasses (lvbs, bvbs) were performed in 102 experiments in sheep, goats, and donkeys. biventricular bypass was performed in the assisted circulation mode or in the paracorporeal artificial heart bridge (pcahb) mode when the natural heart fibrillates. during implantation of artificial ventricles instead of a heart-lung bypass, counterpulsation was used. several types of connective conduits were developed and tested in experiments. the conduits included bifurcati ...	1991	1741677
congenital hyperammonemia: symptomatic carrier girl patient and her asymptomatic heterozygous mother for ornithine transcarbamylase (otc) deficiency: specific enzyme diagnostic and kinetic investigations for the detection of heterozygous genostatus.	activities of the specific enzymes of the inherited hyperammonemic syndromes (carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase cps), ornithine transcarbamylase (otc), arginine-succinate-synthetase (ass), arginine-succinate-lyase (asl) and arginase (ase) were measured in a liver biopsy specimen of a 2 years-old girl suffering from chronic hyperammonemia and in the erythrocyte- and leukocyte-homogenisate of her parents. the activity of otc in liver homogenisate of the patient was 62.9 percent; in the leukocytes of ...	1991	1742044
distribution of argininosuccinate synthetase-like immunoreactive neurons in the rat myenteric plexus: a whole mount study.	the distribution of argininosuccinate synthetase (ass)-like immunoreactive neurons in the myenteric plexus of the rat alimentary tract were immunocytochemically studied using whole-mount tissues. the present study revealed ass-like immunoreactive meshworks of ganglia and interconnecting nerve strands in the myenteric plexus of almost all parts of the alimentary tract. ass-like immunoreactive neurons constituted about 11% of the myenteric cell.	1991	1758685
immunocytochemical localization of argininosuccinate synthetase in the rat brain.	the neuronal distribution of argininosuccinate synthetase (ass) was mapped in the rat brain. argininosuccinate synthetase is one of the enzymes of the arginine metabolic pathway and catabolizes the synthesis of argininosuccinate from aspartate and citrulline. since arginine is the precursor of nitric oxide, argininosuccinate synthetase may act as part of the nitric oxide producing pathway. argininosuccinate is also suggested to have a messenger function in the nervous system. therefore, the loca ...	1991	1761746
[75 mg roxatidine nocte protects human gastric mucosa against 300 mg acetylsalicylic acid nocte].	in a randomized double-blind parallel study the gastroduodenal tolerability of 300 mg ass nocte (8 p.m.) has been evaluated in the presence of 75 mg roxatidine nocte (8 p.m.) or placebo in 20 healthy volunteers using upper gi-endoscopy. the treatment periods lasted 14 days. endoscopic controls were performed at entry, and repeated at day 7 and day 14. at entry the mean endoscopic score averaged 0.9 +/- 0.1 in the ass/placebo-group and 0.9 +/- 0.1 in the ass/roxatidine-group. the median values we ...	1991	1771935
clonidine--a horse or an ass?		1991	1781520
[the correlation of consciousness level and the concentration of csf ammonia in a patient with adult-type citrullinemia].	a 29-year-old man who had a taste for peanuts frequently showed abnormal behaviors. physical examination revealed consciousness disturbance associated with flapping tremor, hypotonus in the extremities, and hypoactive deep tendon reflexes. laboratory examination showed hyperammonemia with mild liver injury. a level of serum citrulline was 14 times higher than the upper limit of normal. a diagnosis of type 2 citrullinemia (seheki et al) was established by the decreased argininosuccinate synthetas ...	1991	1786664
[a micromethod for determination of serum zinc and copper concentration in infants aged 1-3 months in chengdu].	a micromethod for the measurement of serum zinc and copper concentration of peripheral blood by wave-oscillopolarography is introduced in this article. the method is superior to the commonly used flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry (aas) in its simplicity in sampling and operating and in its inexpensiveness. yet the results are identical with those obtained by ass, the method is good enough to replace ass in clinical work, especially in the field of pediatrics. serum zinc and copper concen ...	1991	1786961
expression of major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class 1 molecules on early trophoblast.	the expression of class i major histocompatibility complex (mhc) molecules by early trophoblast of intraspecific horse and donkey, interspecific mule and extraspecific donkey-in-horse conceptuses was determined using a rat monoclonal antibody (mac 291) in a peroxidase anti-peroxidase immunohistochemical technique. most non-invasive allantochorion of horse, donkey and mule conceptuses did not express class i mhc molecules at any stage of gestation except in small isolated patches of pseudostratif ...	1991	1795291
pasture mating behaviour of donkeys (equus asinus) at natural and induced oestrus.	the mating behaviour of 2 jacks, each with 21 non-pregnant jennies, was studied when the jennies were in natural oestrus and simultaneously induced oestrus. the main observations were: efficient pasture breeding at natural and induced oestrus, a territorial sociosexual structure, prolonged pre-copulatory interaction, gradual increase of mating activity up to 2 days before ovulation, a copulatory sequence similar to that of horses, vocalization of the jack as a conspicuous behaviour initiating pr ...	1991	1795305
ocular histoplasmosis due to histoplasma farciminosum in egyptian donkeys.	in this study 19 donkeys suffering from face excoriations below the medial canthas and lesions in the lacrymal apparatus were subjected to clinical radiological and microbiological investigations. also histopathological examination of biopsy materials from ocular lesions were made. eleven out of 19 donkeys (57.9%) showed specific lesions in the lacrymal apparatus. mycological examination revealed the isolation of histoplasma cells from 10 out of 19 examined cases. the isolated histoplasma cultur ...	1991	1795725
studies of glial lineage and proliferation in vitro using an early marker for committed oligodendrocytes.	the potential of immature glial cells to differentiate into astrocytes (ass) or oligodendrocytes (ols) has been examined using a monoclonal antibody (007) that is specific for ols in vivo. cells were dissociated from 2-day postnatal mouse cortex and labeled with the 007 antibody 2 hr after plating. the cells which were labeled during this single, brief exposure to the antibody retained the antibody on their surfaces over the course of the experiments. cells were double stained at various timepoi ...	1991	1798055
a case of citrullinemia with abnormal messenger rna for argininosuccinate synthetase.	a male neonate, thus far healthy and fed with breast milk, developed rapidly increasing apathy on the third day of life. sucking became poor and hyperhidrosis was present. hyperammonemia (3,305 micrograms/dl) was noted. he became comatose and died on the fourth day. there was a profound derangement of amino acid concentration in the body fluids, with highly elevated citrulline levels (4.70 mumols/ml in serum and 8.47 mumols/ml in urine). autopsy showed diffuse pulmonary bleeding, as the only not ...	1991	1799125
[hematologic parameters of the white donkeys of asinara].	in 14 albino donkeys (6 males and 8 females) aged 1-12 years, about 25% of the whole population, 30 blood parameters were determined, with automatic equipment, monthly, for 4 months. no significant differences between sexes or compared with other donkey breeds were found, in spite of the particular characteristics of the population and of their environment.	1991	1804239
studies on the ascorbic acid 2-sulfate biosynthesis in rat.	the possible biosynthesis of ascorbic acid 2-sulfate (ass) in rat was investigated. a in vivo test was conducted according to mumma and mohamram. 10 mumoles ascorbic acid (asa) and 25 mu ci35so4(2-) were injected intraperitoneally into rats once a day for four days. 24 hours after the final administration, the animals were sacrificed and the liver, kidneys and urine were collected. the result did not confirm the biosynthesis of ass under the test conditions, though there appeared the possibility ...	1991	1806537
morphological examination of epididymal epithelium in the mule (e. hinnus) in comparison with parental species (e. asinus and e. caballus).	following previous studies about the ultrastructure of male genital tract in parental species, a comparative study of epididymis of one of the possible hybrids, the mule, has been undertaken. apart from small differences, general features of epididymal epithelium in the mule are similar to those of parental species. however, extension of our studies from the donkey to the horse to the hybrid permits a deeper insight into the morphology of this tract of excurrent duct. in the meantime, it is poss ...	1991	1810531
division of astroblasts and oligodendroblasts in postnatal rodent brain: evidence for separate astrocyte and oligodendrocyte lineages.	what precursor cells are the source of the macroglia generated during postnatal development? in order to answer this question, we studied the expression of glial specific antigens in proliferating neuroglia in postnatal rodent brain and optic nerve. immunocytochemistry using antibodies to oligodendrocyte (ol) specific markers (sulfatide and galactocerebroside) and an astrocyte (as) specific marker (glial fibrillary acidic protein) was combined with thymidine autoradiography. during the first wee ...	1991	1827776
donkey and horse alpha 1 b-glycoprotein: partial characterization and new alleles.	1. the donkey postalbumin protein has been shown to be the equivalent of human alpha 1 b-glycoprotein by protein immunoblotting and n-terminal amino acid sequence. 2. the horse a1b system (already identified as the homologue of human alpha 1 b-glycoprotein) and the donkey alpha 1 b-glycoprotein were characterized further for terminal sialic acid content, isoelectric point, amino acid composition and affinity for the dye-ligand, cibacron blue f3ga (known to bind human alpha 1 b-glycoprotein). 3. ...	1991	1868686
[analytical studies on amino acids and trace elements in donkey-hide gelatin].	this paper reports the contents of amino acids in donkey-hide gelatin made in different pharmaceutical factories before and after processing. an analytical comparison of trace elements in the gelatin is also presented.	1991	1872968
venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus infection in and transmission by the tick amblyomma cajennense (arachnida: ixodidae).	to assess a possible role of ticks as the maintenance host for epizootic strains of venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis (vee) virus, laboratory experiments were conducted to determine if ticks could become infected, maintain, and transmit the virus. larval and nymphal amblyomma cajennense (f.) and larval dermacentor nitens neumann ticks were exposed to epizootic vee virus (trinidad donkey strain) by allowing them to feed on viremic guinea pigs (strain 13). in a. cajennense, transstadial transmis ...	1991	1875367
circadian and seasonal rhythms of melatonin production in mules (equus asinus x equus caballus).	the present study describes the patterns of melatonin production in the mule (equus asinus x equus caballus). blood was sampled hourly for 24 h from eight mule mares in spring and fall. the data obtained show the presence of a circadian rhythm of production of melatonin, with highest values during the dark phase both in spring and fall. in fall the nightly rise of melatonin production begins earlier in the dark phase and reaches higher quantitative levels than in spring. the morning decline of m ...	1991	1880708
allosteric modifier and substrate binding of donkey deoxycytidylate aminohydrolase (ec 3.5.4.12)	the hexameric allosteric enzyme deoxycytidylate aminohydrolase from donkey spleen is shown by equilibrium dialysis to bind specifically the allosteric inhibitor, dttp, the activator dctp, and the substrate analog damp each at six sites (the dttp and dctp sites may or may not be identical). these conclusions contrast with earlier ones that there were four sites for each effector; reasons for the discrepancy are discussed. with the knowledge of site numbers and the kinetic information from the acc ...	1991	1898061
antibodies in horses, mules and donkeys following monovalent vaccination against african horse sickness.	a total of 256 sera collected from three species of domesticated equidae in four different spanish provinces were examined 1-4 months after the administration of attenuated monovalent african horse sickness virus (ahsv) serotype 4 vaccine. approximately 10% of the sera were negative by elisa, virus neutralization, agar gel immuno-diffusion and complement fixation tests. similar negative reactions were recorded with sera from two ponies after experimental primary vaccination. the rapid rise in an ...	1991	1902185
zebra chorionic gonadotropin: partial purification and characterization.	six samples of pregnant zebra (z) serum from the first and second trimesters of pregnancy were analyzed by ria and shown to have chorionic gonadotropin levels comparable to that of the mare (0.9-5.3 micrograms/ml); first trimester levels in most cases were higher than second trimester levels. a pool of the sera (10 ml) was fractionated by methods previously employed for the purification of equine (e) and donkey (d) chorionic gonadotropin to achieve a concentration of the zebra chorionic gonadotr ...	1991	1907860
a single amino acid change in the e2 glycoprotein of venezuelan equine encephalitis virus affects replication and dissemination in aedes aegypti mosquitoes.	four monoclonal antibody-resistant variants (marvs) of venezuelan equine encephalitis (vee) virus were used to study mosquito-virus interactions. in vitro experiments using an aedes albopictus cell line, c6/36, demonstrated that an amino acid change in the glycoprotein e2h epitope (marv 1a3b-7) decreased virus growth when compared with the wild-type, trinidad donkey virus, and its vaccine derivative, tc-83. the marvs replicated as efficiently as the parent virus when inoculated into aedes aegypt ...	1991	1919525
oestrogen production by the preimplantation donkey conceptus compared with that of the horse and the effect of between-species embryo transfer.	aromatase distribution in membranes of preimplantation horse and donkey conceptuses was compared by measuring the incorporation of [3h]androstenedione into oestrone and oestradiol-17 beta. in the donkey conceptus, aromatase activity was similar in all the tissues examined (yolk sac, chorionic girdle and allantochorion), whereas in the horse it was generally lower and showed the relationship chorionic girdle greater than yolk sac greater than allantochorion. a higher proportion of labelled precur ...	1991	1920283
piromyces rhizinflata nov. sp., a strictly anaerobic fungus from faeces of the saharian ass: a morphological, metabolic and ultrastructural study.	a new species of strictly anaerobic chytridiomycete was isolated from dried faeces of the saharian ass that had been stored for up to 150 days. because of its monocentric thallus and uniflagellate zoospores it belongs to the genus piromyces. it exhibits a high affinity for p. mae and p. dumbonica but differs from them in its morphological and ultrastructural characteristics. its flagellar apparatus is similar to that of all previously reported fungi.	1991	1936931
[motor activity of the point of the tongue in forming dento-alveolar consonants].	electromagnetic articulography, a new tool for the study of articulatory movements, was used for the examination of apical tongue dorsum movements during the production of repeated vcv sequences. in our study of 16 normal german speakers, the trajectories of three apicolingual consonants, /t/, /s/ and /ss/, in an aca sequence were assessed for inclination and length of the articulatory movement trajectories. a clear differentiation in length and direction of articulatory movements for the vcv ut ...	1991	1937297
immunohistochemistry of amyloid-related neuropathies.	studying eight sural nerve biopsy specimens of a biopsied trigeminal ganglions and peripheral nerves from eight autopsies, some of them retrieved 30 years ago, with a panel of antibodies against several types of amyloid revealed the presence of af, al of the lambda type, aa and ass in peripheral nerve specimens while ab, ae, asc, asb, acc, aprp could not be detected. amyloid of the af type in the endoneurial space was associated with loss of unmyelinated and small caliber myelinated axons. avail ...	1991	1959254
identification of a highly polymorphic microsatellite vntr within the argininosuccinate synthetase locus: exclusion of the dystonia gene on 9q32-34 as the cause of dopa-responsive dystonia in a large kindred.	dopa-responsive dystonia is a clinical variant of idiopathic torsion dystonia that is distinguished from other forms of dystonia by the frequent occurrence of parkinsonism, diurnal fluctuation of symptoms, and its dramatic therapeutic response to l-dopa. linkage of a gene causing classic dystonia in a large non-jewish kindred (dyt1) and in a group of ashkenazi jewish families, to the gelsolin (gsn) and arginino-succinate synthetase (ass) loci on chromosome 9q32-34, respectively, was recently det ...	1991	1985454
equine chorionic gonadotropin.	cells from the chorionic girdle of the equine trophoblast invade the maternal endometrium at day 36 of gestation and become established as secretory elements known as the endometrial cups. these structures, which persist for 40-60 days, produce a gonadotropin which can be found in circulation until about day 130 of gestation. this glycoprotein has been identified in the horse and the donkey, with the former having received much better characterization. it consists of 2 noncovalently linked pepti ...	1991	2026120
transmission of venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus by strains of aedes albopictus (diptera: culicidae) collected in north and south america.	experimental studies were undertaken to ascertain the vector potential of north american (houston and alsace) and south american (sao paulo and santa teresa) strains of aedes albopictus (skuse) for an epizootic (trinidad donkey) strain of venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis (vee) virus. infection rates were similar in all four strains of ae. albopictus tested after ingestion of vee virus from a viremic hamster. virus disseminated from the midgut to the hemocoel in about 80% of infected mosquitoe ...	1991	2033608
use of a new synthetic-peptide-derived monoclonal antibody to differentiate between vaccine and wild-type venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis viruses.	we have prepared a murine monoclonal antibody (mab) capable of distinguishing between wild-type venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis (vee) virus and the tc-83 vaccine derivative. this mab, 1a2b-10, was derived from immunization with a synthetic peptide corresponding to the first 19 amino acids of the e2 glycoprotein of trinidad donkey vee virus. the mab reacts with prototype viruses from all naturally occurring vee subtypes except subtype 6 in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. it does not rea ...	1991	2037683
characterization of the major glycoproteins of equine herpesviruses 4 and 1 and asinine herpesvirus 3 using monoclonal antibodies.	a panel of 14 monoclonal antibodies (mabs) was used to characterize the high abundance glycoproteins of equine herpesviruses 4 (ehv-4) and 1 (ehv-1), and asinine herpesvirus 3 (ahv-3). the specificities of the mabs, which had been determined previously for strains of ehv-4 and -1 from the u.s.a., in general were confirmed by elisa for australian strains of these viruses. of the 14 mabs seven were ehv-4 and -1 type-common and cross-reacted with ahv-3. of the five mabs that were ehv-1 type-specifi ...	1991	1716650
synthetic peptides of the e2 glycoprotein of venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus. ii. antibody to the amino terminus protects animals by limiting viral replication.	a peptide composed of the amino-terminal 25 amino acids of the e2 glycoprotein of the virulent trinidad donkey (trd) strain of venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus was found to protect peptide-immunized mice from lethal trd virus challenge (hunt et al., 1990). viral growth in peptide-immunized animals was found to be limited in comparison to that in nonimmunized controls. although both treated and control groups of mice responded to virus challenge by producing neutralizing antibody, only i ...	1991	1718085
investigation of antigenic structure of attenuated and virulent venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus by means of monoclonal antibodies.	a comparative study of the antigenic structure of virulent strains and attenuated vaccine strains of venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus (veev) by means of monoclonal antibodies has made it possible to investigate the antigenic structure of the envelope glycoproteins e1 and e2, and to specify their role in the development of antiviral immunity. on the e1 glycoprotein there are five nonoverlapping antigenic sites consisting of eight epitopes that are recognized by monoclonal antibodies; six ...	1991	1726775
somatosensory discrimination of shape: tactile exploration and cerebral activation.	this study of somatosensory discrimination of rectangular parallelepipeda with the right hand had three purposes: (i) to describe the exploratory finger movements; (ii) to reveal the anatomical brain structures specifically engaged in the production of exploratory finger movements; and (iii) to reveal the anatomical structures specifically engaged in the discrimination of tactually sensed shape. the thumb was the most active finger, moving with a mean exploration frequency of 2.4 hz, as evident ...	1991	12106480
muscarinic activity of the thiolactone, lactam, lactol, and thiolactol analogues of pilocarpine and a hypothetical model for the binding of agonists to the m1 receptor.	pilocarpine isosteres have been synthesized and characterized with regard to their in vitro muscarinic properties. the results indicate that the carbonyl oxygen of the lactone function of pilocarpine is of primary importance for agonist activity with the ether oxygen being of lesser or secondary importance. an x-ray structure determination for the hydrogen o,o'-ditoluoyltartrate salt of thiolactone pilocarpine isostere 2a has been performed. this compound has an unusual pharmacological profile e ...	1992	1732522
evaluation of the properties and reliability of a clinical severity scale for acute asthma in children.	the inter-observer agreement (reliability) and validity of a clinical asthma severity scale (ass) derived from separate scores of wheeze, heart rate and accessory muscle use (each on a 4-point scale) were studied in 60 children aged between 6 months and 17 years (mean 5.4 years). independent assessments of these clinical parameters were made by two paediatricians, and they also rated patients as having a mild, moderate, severe or very severe acute episode (clinical judgement rating, cjr). oxygen ...	1992	1738014
insulin-like growth factor binding proteins of equine serum.	ligand blotting analysis of serum from the horse using radiolabelled igf-i revealed a protein at 96 kda which was not present in serum from goat, cow, sheep, deer or donkey. these latter species all displayed five labelled bands in the range 24 to 41 kda. conversely, these were only weakly labelled in serum from the horse. size exclusion chromatography of horse serum pre-incubated with radiolabelled igf-i revealed reduced binding in the 130-kda peak compared with goat plasma, and ligand blotting ...	1992	1282797
a survey of mites on farm animals in libya.	in 1985-1988, 2287 farm animals (cattle, camels, sheep, goats, horses, donkeys, dogs and rabbits) suspected of carrying parasitic mites were examined at 58 farms throughout libya. mites were identified on 1303 of these animals. the commonest parasites on cattle were psoroptes and chorioptes, on camels and sheep were sarcoptes and psoroptes, and on goats were sarcoptes and demodex. infested horses carrier psoroptes or chorioptes, and one donkey carried sarcoptes. otodectes was common on dogs, but ...	1992	1288436
equine infectious anemia virus gene expression: characterization of the rna splicing pattern and the protein products encoded by open reading frames s1 and s2.	the utilization of predicted splice donor and acceptor sites in generating equine infectious anemia virus (eiav) transcripts in fetal donkey dermal cells (fdd) was examined. a single splice donor site identified immediately upstream of the gag coding region joins the viral leader sequence to all downstream exons of spliced eiav transcripts. the predominant 3.5-kb transcript synthesized in eiav-infected fdd cells appears to be generated by a single splicing event which links the leader sequence t ...	1992	1316461
the plasma membrane of epididymal epithelial cells has a specific receptor which binds to androgen-binding protein and sex steroid-binding protein.	the binding of [3h] delta 6-testosterone photoaffinity-labelled rat androgen-binding protein (rabp) has been studied in an enriched fraction of plasma membranes of epithelial epididymal cells in immature (15 days) and adult rats (40 days). the binding was maximal in less than 30 min and more rapid at 4 degrees c than at 34 degrees c. it was calcium and ph dependent. scatchard plots of the binding data gave curvilinear plots with two types of binding sites corresponding to a k(ass1) of 18.2 nm-1 ...	1992	1318734
radioimmunocytochemical localization of corticotropin-releasing factor and adrenocorticotropin in the hypothalamo-hypophyseal system of the rat: effects of adrenalectomy.	various radioimmunocytochemical approaches have been utilized to localize primary antibody-antigen complexes. here we examined the binding properties of three different radioiodinated compounds for their ability to label the antibody-antigen complex, including: donkey anti-rabbit immunoglobulin, donkey anti-rabbit f(ab')2-igg, and a biotinylated goat anti-rabbit secondary antibody followed by [125i]-avidin. these probes were used to localize rabbit primary antisera against corticotropin-releasin ...	1992	1318895
specific identification of collagens and their fragments by clostridial and anti-collagenase antibody.	a method specific for identification of collagens irrespective of type, species, or tissue origin, and of their derived fragments of molecular weight more than 10,000, is described. the method is based on the low-temperature affinity between clostridial collagenase and almost all types of collagens as well as on the affinity between collagenase and its antibodies. various collagens or fragments derived from them by treatment with cnbr were separated by sds-page and immobilized onto a nitrocellul ...	1992	1321568
immunokinetics of equine herpesvirus 1 in donkey mares: suppression of secondary cell-mediated response.	to study the immunokinetics of equine herpesvirus 1 (ehv1), donkey mares were immunised with a laboratory strain of ehv1, or with recommended doses of pneumabort-k vaccine (ehv1 army 183 strain, formalin-inactivated, with an oil adjuvant) and a booster was given after three months. humoral immune responses were studied by employing a virus neutralisation (vn) test. a leucocyte migration inhibition test (lmit) was employed for the assay of cellular immune responses. the vn antibody titre reached ...	1992	1335311
construction of a gt polymorphism map of human 9q.	to construct a framework map of human chromosome 9 consisting of highly informative markers, we identified 36 cosmid clones from chromosome 9 that contained long gt repeat sequences. the cosmids were found to cluster on the long arm of the chromosome, particularly in the q32-34 region. thirteen highly informative polymorphisms from 9q were identified, with median observed heterozygosity 0.75 and median calculated heterozygosity based upon allele frequencies of 0.75. these new gt repeat polymorph ...	1992	1339384
[parasitic helminths of the cecum and colon of equidae in italy].	intestinal helminths from coecum and colon were studied in 93 equidae including 40 horses, 36 donkeys and 17 mules. a total of 38 species, 36 nematodes and 2 cestodes, were identified as follows: 1) triodontophorus serratus, 2) triodontophorus brevicauda, 3) strongylus equinus, 4) strongylus edentatus, 5) strongylus vulgaris, 6) cyathostomum tetracanthum, 7) cyathostomum coronatum, 8) cyathostomum labiatum, 9) cyathostomum labratum, 10) cyathostomum alveatum, 11) cyathostomum pateratum, 12) cyat ...	1992	1339978
prevalence of complement-fixing antibody to the african horse sickness virus in domestic animals in nigeria.	the occurrence of antibodies against the african horse sickness virus was investigated in 246 domestic animals (horses, donkeys, camels, dogs) in various regions of nigeria by means of the complement-fixing rate. 34% of the sera tested were positive: 75% in donkeys, 68% in horses, 19% in camels, and 9% in dogs. among the horses, those of 6 to 15 years of age had higher than average prevalence rates than the other age groups. stallions from the northern regions had higher prevalence rates than ma ...	1992	1340757
strong allelic association between the torsion dystonia gene (dyt1) andloci on chromosome 9q34 in ashkenazi jews.	the dyt1 gene responsible for early-onset, idiopathic torsion dystonia (itd) in the ashkenazi jewish population, as well as in one large non-jewish family, has been mapped to chromosome 9q32-34. using (gt)n and rflp markers in this region, we have identified obligate recombination events in some of these jewish families, which further delineate the area containing the dyt1 gene to a 6-cm region bounded by loci ak1 and ass. in 52 unrelated, affected ashkenazi jewish individuals, we have found hig ...	1992	1347197
a simple, sensitive technique for classification of apolipoprotein(a) isoforms by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.	lipoprotein(a) (lp(a)) is a lipoprotein containing a unique glycoprotein, apolipoprotein(a) (apo(a)), which shows considerable heterogeneity of apparent molecular mass on sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page). a unifying classification of isoform has been lacking. a simple sensitive procedure for classifying apo(a) isoforms was developed in which the relative mobility of apo(a) on sds-page was related to that of apolipoprotein (apo) b-100 (rf vs b). after western ...	1992	1356662
experimental transmission of venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus by a strain of aedes albopictus (diptera: culicidae) from new orleans, louisiana.	experimental studies were undertaken to ascertain the vector competence of a strain of aedes albopictus (skuse) collected in new orleans, la, (gentilly strain) for an epizootic (trinidad donkey) strain of venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis (vee) virus. this strain of ae. albopictus was significantly more susceptible to infection with vee virus than were any of the four strains tested previously, including two from north america and two from south america. likewise, dissemination (148 of 180) (8 ...	1992	1404258
comparative infections of epizootic and enzootic strains of venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus in amblyomma cajennense (acari: ixodidae).	to compare the potential for an enzootic or an epizootic strain of venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis (vee) virus to infect amblyomma cajennense (f.), larval ticks were fed on guinea pigs (strain 13) inoculated with an enzootic viral strain of variant i-e (68u201) or on guinea pigs inoculated with an epizootic strain of variant i-a (trinidad donkey). peak viremias were 10(5.2) plaque-forming units (pfu)/ml and 10(7.3) pfu/ml in guinea pigs infected with enzootic and epizootic viral strains, res ...	1992	1404262