Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| a scanning electron microscopic study of the ferret atrioventricular node. | the atrioventricular (av) node and surrounding transitional zone in the ferret heart were examined with scanning electron microscopy. this permitted the direct visualization of the three-dimensional cell shape, as well as intercellular relationships. transitional cells were roughly cylindrical with extensively branching end processes. these cells were apposed to many adjacent transitional cells. the superficial av nodal cells were smaller than transitional cells and were fusiform in shape. most ... | 1980 | 7446436 |
| development of ferret limb buds in organ culture. | the forelimb bud explants from ferret embryos at days 20, 21, 22, 23 and 24 of gestation were cultured in a trowell organ culture system. satisfactory differentiation of the limb bud skeleton was achieved with limbs from embryos explanted at 22 days of gestation (up to 50 somites). limb buds explanted at 20 and 21 days had poorly differentiated distal segments while those explanted at 23 and 24 days of pregnancy provided less information because chondrogenesis was already under way at the beginn ... | 1980 | 7462101 |
| metastatic, papillary cystadenocarcinoma of the mammary gland in a black-footed ferret. | a simple, papillary cystic adenocarcinoma of the mammary gland with metastases to the internal iliac and mesenteric lymph nodes, liver, and spleen was observed in a 12 to 13 year old female black-footed ferret (mustela nigripes). histologically, the tumor was aggressive, and lymphatic invasion was found. attempts at virus isolation were negative. other findings were bilateral infarcts in the kidneys, apparently resulting in acute renal shutdown and death, multiple thrombi in the right atrium, ao ... | 1980 | 7463613 |
| salicylate-induced teratogenesis in the ferret. | 1980 | 7464451 | |
| heterotypic immunity to influenza in ferrets. | heterotypic immunity to influenza virus in ferrets operated against heterotypic influenza viruses but not heterologous viruses. contrary to prior reports, the protection conferred lasted for at least 18 months. this type of immunity limited virus shedding but did not prevent infection. these results suggest that this phenomenon could play a role in determining the severity of infections caused by type a influenza viruses in humans. | 1980 | 7216432 |
| adrenergic and cholinergic nerves mediate fluid secretion from tracheal glands of ferrets. | our aim was to determine whether adrenergic as well as cholinergic nerves mediate secretion of fluids from tracheal submucosal glands and, if so, via which receptors. to do this, we studied the secretory responses of tracheal segments to electrical and pharmacologic stimulation in vitro in the presence and absence of a specific nerve blocker and autonomic antagonists. stimulation caused small elevations, or "hillocks," the size of which we estimated by measuring their diameters. we found that el ... | 1980 | 7440290 |
| foraging cost and meal patterns in ferrets. | 1980 | 7413810 | |
| [morphology and biochemistry of blood of various mustelids. 4. determination of various metabolites in the arterial plasma of mink--principles of the preparation of standard values for laboratory diagnosis in farm mink (mustela vison schreber, 1777)]. | an account is first given of latest knowledge on how to determine clinico-diagnostic applicability of certain metabolites in mink plasma and serum. then, statistically treated results obtained from analysis of levels of total protein, albumin, creatinine, urea, total cholesterin, triglyceride, and total bilirubin are tabulated and discussed, with due consideration being given to sexual dimorphism, following determination of those values from arterial plasma of 118 male and 124 female minks, aged ... | 1980 | 7212937 |
| [morphology and biochemistry of blood of various mustelids. 3. enzymographic studies of arterial plasma of mink (mustela vison schreber, 1777)]. | twelve different enzyme activities, which are listed and explained in greater detail in table 2, were determined statistically secured, and discussed, following a three-year study into arterial plasma of 118 female and 124 male minks, aged between six and seven months and kept under anaesthesia. simply normally distributed or logarithmically distributed plasma enzyme activities were found to differ primarily by sex, with other experimental conditions being identical and regular. the enzyme activ ... | 1980 | 7011244 |
| an apparatus for the preparation of cavities in the canine teeth of ferrets. | an apparatus is described for the preparation of standardized cavities in the canine teeth of ferrets. one hundred cavities were cut, and there was highly significant correlation between the distance the bur was advanced (machine depth) and the cavity depth in dentine. it was possible to cut cavities predictively with small and large residual dentine thicknesses. the method described was not damaging to the pulp. | 1980 | 6928439 |
| polychlorinated biphenyls (aroclors 1016 and 1242): effects on survival and reproduction in mink and ferrets. | diets that contained various levels of supplemental aroclor 1242 or aroclor 1016 were fed to mink and ferrets to investigate the chronic toxicity of these pcbs in two closely related species. in mink, aroclor 1242 was found to be more toxic than comparable or higher levels of aroclor 1016. the aroclor 1242 diets caused complete reproductive failure at levels as low as five ppm of the diet. aroclor 1016 impaired reproduction less than aroclor 1242. although fewer females whelped and the four-week ... | 1980 | 6776911 |
| the distribution of melanin in the developing optic cup and stalk and its relation to cellular degeneration. | the early distribution of melanin in the developing optic cup and stalk and its relationship to cellular degeneration have been studied during intrauterine development in hamsters, mice, ferrets, and humans. the extensive degenerative changes that occur in the region of the optic fissure do not involve any pigment-bearing cells. melanin is not formed at the site of the fissure until after the processes of fusion and the associated degenerative changes are complete. in contrast to this, there is ... | 1981 | 7310485 |
| persistent oestrus in ferrets. | 1981 | 7197427 | |
| aplastic anemia associated with estrus in pet ferrets. | aplastic anemia in association with estrus was diagnosed in 6 pet ferrets. the ferrets had been examined because of anorexia, depression, and lethargy of 2-5 days' duration. consistent clinical findings were pale mucous membranes and enlargement of the vulva. hemorrhages were found in 3 ferrets. hematologic findings included severe anemia, thrombocytopenia, granulocytopenia, and hypocellularity of the bone marrow. the aplastic anemia was attributed to prolonged estrogenic exposure in ferrets wit ... | 1981 | 7196908 |
| increasing dosages of estradiol benzoate activate equivalent degrees of sexual receptivity in gonadectomized male and female ferrets. | 1981 | 7267767 | |
| [hematological and clinical biochemical parameters in ferrets under various physiological and pathological conditions. 1. comparative studies of changes in the hemograms of pregnant, lactating and nonpregnant females]. | 1981 | 7347485 | |
| zinc poisoning in ferrets (mustella putoris furo). | 1981 | 7265896 | |
| external features of the developing ferret embryo. | 1981 | 7225068 | |
| dopamine and noradrenaline levels in peripheral tissues of several mammalian species. | tissue levels of dopamine (da) and noradrenaline (na) have been compared in atrium, spleen, mesenteric artery, vas deferens and renal cortex of sexually mature rats, guinea-pigs, ferrets, rabbits and cats. the results suggest the presence of dopaminergic autonomic axons in the cat renal cortex, as has been previously reported for the dog. such nerves are probably sparse or absent in the kidneys of the other species examined. | 1981 | 7463085 |
| is there a functional large intestine in the ferret? | the intestine of the ferret (putorius furo) is unusual in that there is no external anatomical division between ileum and colon. up to 8-10 cm from the anus the electrical activity was organized into migrating myoelectric complexes typical of the small intestine. at this point the pattern of electrical activity changed abruptly to that characteristic of the colon, namely short and long spike burst activity. histological examination showed that at this point the muscular layers were interrupted b ... | 1981 | 7238786 |
| equine influenza in the netherlands during the winter of 1978-1979; antigenic drift of the a-equi 2 virus. | influenza virus a-equi 2(heq2neq2) caused an epizootic in the netherlands in the winter of 1978-1979. horses vaccinated with a/equi/praha/56 (heq1neq1) and a/equi/miami/63 (heq2neq2) were also infected and showed clinical signs. the virus involved showed a marked antigenic drift from the prototype and vaccine strain a/equi/miami/63 (heq2neq2). infection of ferrets with the dutch/79 isolates gave rise to high haemagglutination-inhibition antibody titres to a number of a-equi 2-1963, 1968 and 1979 ... | 1981 | 7245173 |
| pulmonary mechanisms of the normal ferret. | pulmonary mechanics were measured in normal anesthetized male fitch ferrets (200-360 g). in eight transorally intubated ferrets, pressure-volume (pv) curves for the lung and chest wall were obtained with an esophageal balloon and body plethysmograph. the lung volumes and capacities expressed as a percentage of the total lung capacity (mean, 49.8 ml) were: vital capacity, 84.7%; inspiratory capacity, 63.7%; inspiratory reserve volume, 58.2%; functional residual capacity, 33.8%; expiratory reserve ... | 1981 | 7263363 |
| surgical extirpation and related anatomy of anal sacs of the ferret. | 1981 | 7263475 | |
| toxicity of amantadine and rimantadine for the ciliated epithelium of ferret tracheal rings. | 1981 | 7264372 | |
| feed consumption and food passage time in mink (mustela vison) and european ferrets (mustela putorius furo). | the amount of feed consumed per day and the rate of food passage was measured in mink and european ferrets. daily feed consumption averaged 40 and 42 g dry matter per kg body weight for male mink and ferrets and 53 and 49 g dry matter per kg body weight for female mink and ferrets, respectively. using ferric oxide as a feed marker, no differences were observed in food passage time between mink and ferrets or between males and females within each species. the mean time of food passage was 187 min ... | 1981 | 7265904 |
| ketamine alone and combined with diazepam or xylazine in laboratory animals: a 10 year experience. | ketamine alone or supplemented by diazepam or xylazine has been used and evaluated as an anaesthetic in a range of animals including snakes, tortoises, lizards, birds, ferrets, dogs, cats, pigs, sheep, goats, non-human primates, rabbits, guinea pigs, rats, mice and hamsters. ketamine alone has severe limitations in most species, but in combination has proved valuable. | 1981 | 7278122 |
| the ultrastructure of the atrioventricular junctional tissues in the newborn ferret heart. | in this study the structure of the atrioventricular (av) node and bundle in the newborn ferret heart was examined by light and electron microscopy. at the light microscopic level the av node could be subdivided into deep and superficial portions. electron microscopy revealed that both superficial and deep av nodal cells were characterized by a paucity of myofibrils, desmosomes, fasciae adherentes and gap junctions. deep v nodal cells, however, had more surface specializations than did superficia ... | 1981 | 7282572 |
| studies of pineal and hypothalamic 5-ht in the ferret. | using a highly sensitive and specific radioenzymatic assay for serotonin (5-ht) in conjunction with a simple reliable technique for removal of small areas of hypothalamus, 5-ht levels have been determined at three time points in several areas of the anterior hypothalamus and the pineal of ovariectomized ferrets housed in long or short day photoperiod. the rhythm seen in all areas of anterior hypothalamus and the pineal was similar in both photoperiods. the data conflict with a previous report fr ... | 1981 | 7284841 |
| histogenesis of the ferret retina. | 1981 | 7286087 | |
| differential distribution of virus and histological damage in the lower respiratory tract of ferrets infected with influenza viruses of differing virulence. | the distribution of four strains of influenza virus [a/pr/8/34 (h0n1) and clone 64d (attenuated for ferrets) and clones 64c and 7a (virulent for ferrets) of the recombinant virus a/pr/8/34--a/england/939/69 (h3n2)] in the lower respiratory tract (trachea, bronchi and the hilar, intermediate and outer alveolar zones of the lung) of ferrets was monitored daily for 4 days after intranasal inoculation. on day 1, some animals had high virus titres in all the tissues but in other animals virus was und ... | 1981 | 7288401 |
| analysis of antigenic drift in the haemagglutinin molecule of influenza b virus with monoclonal antibodies. | antigenic drift in the haemagglutinin (ha) molecule of influenza b viruses was studied with monoclonal antibodies. antigenic drift occurred in each of the 12 different epitopes studied and there was evidence that at least two antigenically distinguishable influenza b virus strains can co-circulate during an epidemic. the frequency of antigenic variation in the ha of influenza a strains. haemagglutination inhibition (hi) tests on antigenic variants selected with 12 different monoclonal antibodies ... | 1981 | 7288409 |
| tracheal submucosal gland serous cells stimulated in vitro with adrenergic and cholinergic agonists. a morphometric study. | a morphometric analysis was made of alterations in serous cell structure induced by adrenergic and cholinergic agonists. ferret tracheal rings were exposed for 30 min in vitro to one of the following agonists: phenylephrine, terbutaline, or methacholine (all at 10(-5) m). controls were incubated similarly in medium containing no drugs or medium containing both the agonist and an excess of the appropriate antagonist (phentolamine, propranolol or atropine, all at 10(-4) m). electron microscopic ob ... | 1981 | 7296643 |
| steady-state vascular responses to graded hypoxia in isolated lungs of five species. | in the isolated pig lung exposed to graded levels of hypoxia, steady-state pulmonary vasomotor tone is maximum at an o2 tension (po2) of 50 torr. below 50-torr decreases in po2 cause steady-state tone to fall below this maximum. to determine whether this stimulus-response relation was peculiar to pigs, we measured the steady-state relation between po2 and vasomotor tone in the isolated lungs of dogs, rabbits, cats, and ferrets, by using identical techniques in each species. marked species differ ... | 1981 | 7298460 |
| quantitative morphological analysis of interatrial muscle cells in the ferret heart. | cells located in the interatrial septum of the ferret heart were examined and mean cell volume, surface area, length, width, as well as cell length/width and surface area/volume ratios were obtained. the muscle cells were from two different regions. one region was the area of the middle internodal tract while the other was from the area where the anterior and middle internodal tracts intermingled. based on the data obtained, at least two different subpopulations of interatrial muscle cells could ... | 1981 | 7305022 |
| replication of avian influenza a viruses in mammals. | the recent appearance of an avian influenza a virus in seals suggests that viruses are transmitted from birds to mammals in nature. to examine this possibility, avian viruses of different antigenic subtypes were evaluated for their ability to replicate in three mammals-pigs, ferrets, and cats. in each of these mammals, avian strains replicated to high titers in the respiratory tract (10(5) to 10(7) 50% egg infective doses per ml of nasal wash), with peak titers at 2 to 4 days post-inoculation, s ... | 1981 | 7309229 |
| the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus of the normal ferret and its postnatal development. | the anterograde transport of 3h proline and of horseradish peroxidase has been used to study the retinogeniculate pathway in normal adult ferrets and in young ferrets during postnatal development. the lateral geniculate nucleus in adults shows a characteristic "carnivore" pattern, with layers a, a1, c, c1, c2, and c3, and a medial interlaminar nucleus recognizable either cytoarchitectonically or on the basis ofth retinogeniculate innervation. in addition, there is a well-defined, rather large pe ... | 1981 | 7309920 |
| modulation of vagal efferent fibre discharge by mechanoreceptors in the stomach, duodenum and colon of the ferret. | 1. a single-fibre-dissection technique was used to investigate the reflex modulation of vagal efferent fibre discharge by afferent fibres from various parts of the gastrointestinal tract of the urethane-anaesthetized ferret. 2. all but four of the 168 efferent fibres isolated in this study were spontaneously active. the majority of these had discharge frequencies of less than 6 spikes/sec. 3. all the efferent units received an afferent input from mechanoreceptors in the stomach. two main types o ... | 1981 | 7320920 |
| quantitative significance of hypoxic vasoconstriction in the ferret lung. | stimulus-response curves for the pulmonary vascular bed to alveolar hypoxia have been measured in ferrets under conditions of perfusion either at constant pressure or a constant flow in vivo or in isolated lungs. in all circumstances the relationship between alveolar oxygen tension and the fall in blood flow or rise in pulmonary artery pressure was sigmoid although there were important differences between the in vivo and in vitro preparations. the significance of these observations in constant ... | 1981 | 7335988 |
| conference on the ferret as an alternative species in teratology and toxicology. june 25-26, 1981, stanford, california. | 1981 | 7336355 | |
| can you catch rabies from your ferret? probably not. | 1981 | 7206171 | |
| a technique for chronic jugular catheterization in the ferret. | a technique was developed to provide an efficient method for blood sampling and intravenous drug administration in the ferret by using an indwelling jugular catheter. | 1981 | 7208565 |
| microradiography, light and electron microscopy of the effects of calcium phosphate solutions on dentine and pulp of the ferret (mustela putorius furo). | 1981 | 6950707 | |
| secretion of monovalent ions and water in ferret salivary glands: a micropuncture study. | the acinar mechanisms of secretion of the monovalent ions, na+, k+, cl-, and hco3-, and water in the parotid and submandibular glands of the ferret, mustela putorius furo, were investigated using micropuncture and microanalytical techniques during salivation induced by pilocarpine. the osmolarity and monovalent ionic composition of the primary secretory fluid obtained from the intercalated ducts of these glands were determined. | 1981 | 6937508 |
| immunization of ferrets against dirofilaria immitis by means of chemically abbreviated infections. | ferrets were exposed to two successive inoculations with 30 third-stage larvae of the canine heartworm dirofilaria immitis, the inoculations being approximately 5 months apart. each infection was terminated by ivermectin therapy approximately 2 months after inoculation. the ferrets were challenged with 30 larvae 3 weeks after the termination of the second infection, and were necropsied approximately 6 months after challenge. of the four ferrets that survived this protracted experimentation, two ... | 1981 | 6894638 |
| intervertebral disc syndrome in a domestic ferret. | 1981 | 6911911 | |
| using jet injection to vaccinate mink and ferrets against canine distemper, mink virus enteritis, and botulism, type c. | 1981 | 6911916 | |
| transductal fluxes of water and monovalent ions in ferret salivary glands. | the net transductal fluxes of water and monovalent ions were measured in the parotid and submandibular salivary glands of the ferret, mustela putorius furo, during stimulation of secretion with pilocarpine. the duct systems of these glands were found to be impermeable to water using the split-oil droplet method for stationary microperfusion of lobular and main ducts. the net transductal fluxes of na+, k+, cl-, and hco3- were characterized by analysis of ductal fluid samples obtained simultaneous ... | 1981 | 6934197 |
| handling of calcium by the ferret submandibular gland. | the handling of ca by the submandibular gland of the ferret during stimulation of salivation with pilocarpine was studied using micropuncture and microanalytical, as well as standard, physiological techniques. concentrations of ionized ca were measured in the fluid from the intercalated, lobular, and main ducts of the gland. the net transductal fluxes of this divalent ion were calculated. | 1981 | 6934198 |
| cell-mediated immunity in ferrets. delayed dermal hypersensitivity, lymphocyte transformation, and macrophage migration inhibitory factor production. | 1981 | 7009242 | |
| canine distemper virus titration in ferret peritoneal macrophages. | the sensitivity of a ferret peritoneal macrophage fluorescent antibody technique for assay of various strains of canine distemper virus was investigated. the macrophage system was compared with established methods of titration in canine kidney cell culture, vero cell culture, and embryonated chicken eggs. it was found to be as sensitive as and in several instances more sensitive than the established methods. | 1981 | 7011675 |
| delayed implantation in mustelids, with special emphasis on the spotted skunk. | three distinct reproductive patterns are exhibited by mustelids. some species (ferret and least weasel) breed during spring and summer and do not exhibit delayed implantation. others (mink and striped skunk) exhibit variable gestation periods with brief periods of delayed implantation occurring only if the females are mated early in the season. most mustelids (western spotted skunk, badgers, marten, wolverine, etc.) always exhibit a prolonged period of delayed implantation lasting several months ... | 1981 | 7014860 |
| immunity to influenza in ferrets. xiv: comparative immunity following infection or immunization with live or inactivated vaccine. | immunization by live influenza virus induced a greater protective effect against subsequent challenge by the homologous virus than by the corresponding killed virus vaccine. furthermore, tracheas excised from 11-day and 28-day influenza-virus-infected ferrets were more resistant to reinfection than tracheas excised from ferrets immunized by killed influenza vaccine, despite equivalent serum antibody titres at these times. histological examination of trachea sections taken from vaccinated and vir ... | 1981 | 7018552 |
| the sympathetic superior cervical ganglia as peripheral neuroendocrine centers. | the superior cervical ganglia (scg) provide sympathetic innervation to the pineal gland, cephalic blood vessels, the choroid plexus, the eye, carotid body and the salivary and thyroid glands. removal of the ganglia brings about several neuroendocrine changes in mammals, including the disruption of water balance in pituitary stalk-sectioned rats, and the alteration of normal photoperiodic control of reproduction in hamsters, ferrets, voles, rams and goats. these effects are commonly attributed to ... | 1981 | 7026734 |
| acute effects of hypothalamic lesions upon gonadotrophin secretion in the ferret. | the changes in fsh and lh secretion after placement of lesions in the hypothalamus were traced in ferrets serially bled at 15 min intervals. passage of the lesioning current through platinum electrodes in anoestrous females was associated with an immediate surge in lh and fsh output. damage to the hypothalamus of oestrous females also caused an immediate surge of lh secretion, but then a long-lasting second rise in blood lh content set in. high concentrations of lh were never sustained overnight ... | 1981 | 6788875 |
| repetitive treatment with gonadotrophin releasing factor or a long-acting analogue upon gonadotrophin secretion in the ferret. | the changes in plasma levels of lh and fsh were examined after treatment of intact and ovariectomized females ferrets with a long-acting analogue of gonadotrophin releasing factor (gn-rf) (d-ser(but)6-lh-releasing hormone (1-9)-nonapeptide ethylamide; hoe 766) either as a single intravenous injection or daily for 6 days. the responses were compared with those induced by daily injections of gn-rf or 0.9% nacl (w/v). treatment with gn-rf consistently induced rises in both lh and fsh release with p ... | 1981 | 6790650 |
| changes in fsh and lh secretion in the ferret associated with the induction of ovulation by copper acetate. | 1981 | 6793104 | |
| lymphocyte subpopulations in the ferret. | 1981 | 6797850 | |
| mucosubstances in the colonic goblet cells of the ferret. | mucosubstances in the colonic goblet cells of the ferret (putorius [mustela] furo) were studied histochemically. they contained predominantly sulphated mucosubstances in the proximal colon and only sulphated mucosubstances in the distal colon. the sulphated mucosubstances were of weakly acidic nature. some deep cells and a few superficial cells in the proximal colon contained sialomucins which were sialidase-sensitive. neutral mucosubstances were not found in the colon. | 1981 | 6455896 |
| [suitability of ferrets for the ibr-ipv vaccine efficacy evaluation]. | 1981 | 6274304 | |
| field and laboratory studies of equine influenza viruses isolated in 1979. | experimental ponies developed signs of disease four days after the intranasal instillation of a/england 1/79 equine influenza virus and virus was recovered from the nasopharynx from the second to the ninth day. no significant antigenic difference was found between the virus and the prototype a/miami 1/63 virus, using post infection ferret and chicken sera and post vaccination pony sera. no antigenic differences were found between four viruses isolated between january and july 1979, although some ... | 1981 | 6275599 |
| antiviral effects of single-stranded polynucleotide inhibitors of the influenza virion-associated transcriptase against influenza virus infection of hamsters and ferrets. | administration of a single-stranded polynucleotide copolymer containing 9% cytidine residues and 91% 4-thiouridine residues [poly(c,s4u10)], a known potent inhibitor of the virion transcriptase of influenza viruses, suppressed the amount of virus recoverable from the nasal washes of influenza virus-infected hamsters and ferrets. the incidence of sneezing and nasal discharge in infected ferrets was also reduced. in hamsters, poly(c,s4u10) was more effective than amantadine-hcl or virazole. polyin ... | 1981 | 6280608 |
| instinctive predatory behavior of mustelids (mustela putorius f. furo, mustela vison f. dom.) modified by benzodiazepine derivatives. | the predatory behavior of the ferret and of the mink consists mainly of instinctive behavioral patterns that are elicited by simple external stimuli. an important stimulus is size of the prey; the time needed to catch and kill defensive prey depends on the size of the prey in relation to that of the predator. benzodiazepine derivatives like chlordiazepoxide or lorazepam affect the prey catching of both species significantly. drugged animals (2 mg/kg orally) need less time to overpower their prey ... | 1981 | 6113610 |
| species differences in the metabolism of 3-phenoxybenzoic acid. | the metabolism of 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3pba) (10 mg/kg, ip) has been studied in ten mammalian and one avian species in comparison with that of benzoic acid. 3pba exhibits wide species diversity in its metabolism, unlike benzoic acid, of which benzoylglycine (hippuric acid) is the major urinary metabolite in all species studied. with 3pba, glycine conjugation is the major route of metabolism in three species (sheep, cat, and gerbil), whereas in the mouse the taurine conjugate is the principal m ... | 1981 | 6114835 |
| bifluranol, a novel fluorinated bibenzyl anti-androgen, its chemistry and disposition in different animal species. | the synthesis of bifluranol, a new fluorinated bibenzyl anti-androgen, and of 3h-labelled bifluranol is described. the absorption, distribution and excretion of bifluranol has been studied in mouse, rat, ferret and dog; it is readily absorbed following oral administration, but blood concentrations of the drug are low due to hepatic uptake and biliary excretion. enterohepatic re-circulation occurs, but the drug is excreted primarily in the faeces and only small amounts appear in urine. this patte ... | 1981 | 6116777 |
| the metabolism of bifluranol by rat, dog and ferret. | the synthesis of monohydroxy- and dihydroxy-bifluranol, and of glucuronide and sulphate conjugates of bifluranol are described. bifluranol administered orally to rats, ferrets and dogs at a dosage of 50 to 200 microgram kg-1 is mostly excreted in the faeces as unchanged bifluranol and bifluranol monosulphate, disulphate and monoglucuronide. the bifluranol is well absorbed and is mostly excreted in the bile, as six different conjugates, including a glucuronide sulphate found in all 3 species, and ... | 1981 | 6116778 |
| species variations in the renal and hepatic conjugation of 3-phenoxybenzoic acid with glycine. | 1. 3-phenoxy[14c]benzoyl-coa has been chemically synthesized, purified and characterized by field-desorption mass spectrometry. biological activity of the purified thioester was greater than 92%. 2. the two enzymic steps involved in the conjugation of 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3pba) with glycine have been investigated in hepatic and renal tissues from various mammalian species. 3. a 10- to 300-fold excess of acyl-coa: glycine n-acyltransferase activity as compared with acyl-coa synthetase activity ... | 1981 | 6118977 |
| antigenic and genomic analyses of influenza a(h1n1) viruses from different regions of the world, february 1978 to march 1980. | antigenic analysis of influenza a(h1n1) virus isolates by hemagglutination inhibition reactions with postinfection ferret sera and mouse monoclonal antibodies showed that, although the predominant virus in 1978 to 1979 had an a/brazil/11/78-like hemagglutinin, several new antigenic variants could be detected which differed from those identified in 1977 to 1978. most of the variants showed very minor changes and did not achieve epidemiological significance. genome analysis by ribonucleic acid-rib ... | 1981 | 6163725 |
| the relation of interferon and nonspecific inhibitors to virus levels in nasal washes of ferrets infected with influenza viruses of differing virulence. | two clones (7a, virulent; 64d, attenuated) of a recombinant influenza virus (a/pr/8/34-a/england/939/69 (h3n2)) were inactivated at the same rate by viral inhibitors present in nasal washes taken from both clone 7a- and clone 64d-infected ferrets. both clones induced similar levels of interferon in the nasal washes of infected animals. the onset and rise of interferon production occurred at the same time for both clones, and was associated with a decline in virus titres. in addition, both clones ... | 1981 | 6164382 |
| [new antigenic variants of influenza a(h1n1) virus detected in the ussr in 1979]. | studies of influenza a (h1n1) viruses isolated in the spring of 1979 in the ussr showed all the 73 strains to belong to influenza a (h1n1) virus but to be heterogeneous. apart from the strains identical with the reference a/ussr/90/77 and a/brazil/11/78 as well as intermediate ones, 14 strains were identified and found to be new drift variants. a composite analysis of representative strains of this group (a/ussr/50/79 and a/ussr/61/79) by hi test with diagnostic rat and ferret sera as well as mo ... | 1981 | 6168112 |
| mucous cells of the tracheobronchial tree in the ferret. | mucosubstances in the tracheobronchial tree of the ferret were studied histochemically. the submucous glands contained predominantly neutral mucins. scattered between these were cells containing sulphated mucins and sialidase-labile and sialidase-resistant sialomucins. most of the goblet cells in the trachea, as well as those in the bronchi and larger bronchioles, contained sulphated mucins. a smaller proportion of the goblet cells showed sialidase-labile and sialidase-resistant sialomucins. it ... | 1982 | 6175610 |
| aleutian disease in ferrets. | when 32 antibody-free ferrets were inoculated with the highly mink-virulent utah-1 strain of aleutian disease virus (adv), most developed adv antibody starting 15 days after infection, but the antibody titers were much lower than those seen in mink. relatively small amounts of adv were demonstrated in crfk cell culture, using ferret spleen and lymph node homogenates only 4 to 10 days after experimental infection, but low-level viral persistence for 180 days was shown by mink inoculation. the fer ... | 1982 | 6176546 |
| antigenic properties of some equine influenza viruses. | the antigenic relationships between the haemagglutinins of five a/equine-1 viruses and between six a/equine-2 viruses were examined using post-infection ferret and immunized pony sera. similar results were obtained with sera from both species for the a/equine-1 viruses and these confirmed minor antigenic differences between the prototype a/prague 1/56 virus and viruses isolated in england in 1973 and 1977. considerable antigenic differences were found between five of the a/equine-2 viruses, usin ... | 1982 | 6181759 |
| establishment and characterization of ferret cells in culture. | cells derived from the brain of a 6 wk-old ferret have been subcultured over 100 times and have undergone over 400 population doublings in vitro. these cells, referred to as mpf cells, have an absolute efficiency of colony formation in excess of 45%, exhibit a mean population doubling time of 12.5 h, possess ferret-specific antigens, and have isozymes with electrophoretic properties that are the same as those of isozymes found in ferret liver. the cells exhibit a cytopathic effect and support th ... | 1982 | 6185411 |
| humoral and cell-mediated immune response to influenza virus. ii. experiments in ferrets. | 1982 | 6188342 | |
| studies on pathogenicity and immunogenicity of cold adapted variants of influenza virus. | cold adapted variants of influenza virus, replicated at 37, 35, 33 and 30 degrees c, were tested for capability to multiply in ferrets and to induce h and n antibodies. virus grown at 30 degrees c differed from the other in electrophoretic mobility of its polypeptides in page, in inducing higher level of n antibodies, and in higher intensity of immunofluorescence reaction in the respiratory tract. | 1982 | 6189378 |
| neurotransmitter chemistry of lissencephalic cortex induced in ferrets by fetal treatment with methylazoxymethanol acetate. | treatment of pregnant ferrets with 15 mg/kg of methylazoxymethanol acetate (mam) at 33 days of fetal gestation results in offspring with cortical hypoplasia and lissencephally. neurochemical analysis of 5 areas of cortex from 8-week-old offspring of mam- or vehicle-treated jills indicated an overall enrichment in markers for catecholaminergic (tyrosine hydroxylase, norepinephrine) and cholinergic (choline acetyltransferase, acetylcholine) terminals but minimal change in the concentration of gaba ... | 1982 | 6125249 |
| effects of butoprozine on ionic currents in frog atrial and ferret ventricular fibres. comparison with amiodarone and verapamil. | the effects of butoprozine on cardiac membrane currents of frog atrial and ferret ventricular fibres were investigated in voltage clamp conditions by means of the double sucrose gap technique. comparison was made with amiodarone and verapamil. butoprozine was found to decrease the fast sodium and slow calcium inward currents and the delayed outward current in a dose-dependent manner. the reactivation kinetics of both inward currents were reduced by butoprozine. amiodarone principally decreased t ... | 1982 | 6280628 |
| failure to detect hemagglutination-inhibiting antibodies with intact avian influenza virions. | avian influenza viruses replicate in a variety of mammals and birds, yet hemagglutination inhibition tests show that postinfection sera from these animals (e.g., ferrets and ducks) have insignificant levels of antibodies (hinshaw et al., infect. immun. 34:354-361, 1981). this suggested that avian influenza viruses, in contrast to mammalian viruses, may not induce a significant humoral response. studies reported here indicate that avian influenza viruses do induce high levels of antibodies in fer ... | 1982 | 6292104 |
| enhancement of calcium current during digitalis inotropy in mammalian heart: positive feed-back regulation by intracellular calcium? | 1. effects of digitalis compounds on slow inward ca current i(si)) and contractile force were examined in ferret ventricular muscle (single sucrose-gap voltage clamp) and calf purkinje fibres (two micro-electrode voltage clamp).2. in ventricular muscle, ouabain increased i(si) and inward current tails associated with i(si) conductance. the enhancement of i(si) followed a time course similar to the development of the positive inotropic effect, and it could be observed in the absence of aftercontr ... | 1982 | 6292410 |
| effect of passive immunization against lh-rh on gonadotropin secretion in the ferret. | administration of ovine antiserum containing antibodies against synthetic lh-rh to spayed female ferrets caused an immediate fall in plasma lh concentration and by 2 h after injection circulating levels had declined by 70--80%. a further decline of 50% was observed on day 2, but by day 4 a return to normal levels had begun and control values were regained on day 6. in contrast, the fall in plasma fsh concentration was delayed, with a significant reduction being first observed on day 2 and minima ... | 1982 | 6798210 |
| excessive nail growth in the european ferret induced by aroclor 1242. | 1982 | 6808932 | |
| catecholamines in the carotid body of several mammalian species: effects of surgical and chemical sympathectomy. | the catecholamine content of the carotid body of several mammalian species has been assayed using high performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrochemical detection and radioenzymatic assays. although there were strain differences in the content of catecholamines in the carotid body of the rat, noradrenaline was equal to or exceeded the dopamine level in this species. no apparent differences were found in carotid bodies of animals killed by cervical dislocation or those dissected from a ... | 1982 | 6817847 |
| free magnesium in sheep, ferret and frog striated muscle at rest measured with ion-selective micro-electrodes. | 1. neutral carrier-based liquid membrane micro-electrodes were constructed which are suitable for continuous measurements of [mg(2+)](i) in cardiac and skeletal muscle preparations.2. the electrodes show a nernstian behaviour in pure mgcl(2) solutions. in the presence of a constant ionic background chosen to simulate the cytoplasmic composition, the calibration function flattens progressively with lower [mg(2+)], due to the interference of k(+) and na(+). the response to changes in [mg(2+)] is l ... | 1982 | 6820662 |
| distemper virus infection in ferrets: an animal model of measles-induced immunosuppression. | distemper virus is very similar antigenically to measles virus, and the disease produced in ferrets by distemper is a systemic illness quite similar to measles infection in humans. using an attenuated strain of distemper virus, we produced a mild systemic illness in ferrets and were able to study the effects of the viral infection on cell-mediated immunity (cmi). beginning on day 5 after viral inoculation and continuing to day 30, infected ferrets showed a marked lymphopenia, with a reduction in ... | 1982 | 7044625 |
| efficacy of the avermectins against filarial parasites: a short review. | the avermectins are macrocyclic lactones produced by streptomyces avermitilis. one of them has been chemically modified and given the non-proprietary name ivermectin. the compounds have shown efficacy against various stages of filarial parasites. with respect to pre-adult stages in the mammalian host, activity has been observed against dirofilaria immitis in ferrets and dogs, and dipetalonema viteae and litomosoides carinii in jirds (meriones); but activity has not been observed against the deve ... | 1982 | 7051527 |
| circadian timing of sleepiness in man and woman. | men and women living contentedly in long-term isolation from the usual time-of-day cues have revealed surprising new regularities about the timing of human sleep/wake alternations. contemporary effort to ferret out and articulate these regularities in quantitative terms lead to a diversity of mathematical models. if these eventually acquire predictive competence then we may expect practical improvements of therapy for insomnia, jet lag, and some kinds of psychiatric depression. | 1982 | 7051861 |
| effects of early social experience on activity and object investigation in the ferret. | earlier experiments have shown that many of the effects of early social isolation in the rat may be due to deprivation of social play. the isolated ferret, like the isolated rat, is hyperactive; furthermore, its hyperactivity appears to be related to deprivation of social play. however, the relationship between object investigation and social rearing is more complex in the ferret than it is in the rat. | 1982 | 7054018 |
| evaluation of an attenuated, cold-recombinant influenza b virus vaccine. | a live, attenuated influenza b virus vaccine was evaluated in a group of students. the virus, cold-recombinant (cr) 7, was produced by recombining the attenuated cold-adapted parent, b/ann arbor/1/66, with a wild strain, b/hong kong/8/73. in ferrets, the wild strain produced histopathologic lesions in the lungs, whereas the cr strain and the attenuated parent did not. a total of 306 individuals was inoculated intranasally with either the cr virus or a placebo. after inoculation, only one symptom ... | 1982 | 7054318 |
| fine structural examination of the single heart tube in the fifteen day ferret embryo. | the different segments of the embryonic heart tube of the ferret were examined with light and transmission electron microscopy. the cells of bulbus cordis, bulboventricular junction, primitive ventricle, atrioventricular junction, and primitive atria were in the process of differentiating into myocardial cells. the ventricular muscle cells were the most developed cells; the least mature muscle cells were those located at the arterial and venous ends of the heart tube. the cells between the ventr ... | 1982 | 7055837 |
| genetic composition and virulence of influenza virus: differences in facets of virulence in ferrets between two pairs of recombinants with rna segments of the same parental origin. | facets of virulence for ferrets of 16 recombinant clones of two parent viruses a/finland/4/74 (h3n2) and a/okuda/57 (h2n2) were determined and viewed in relation to their genetic composition. of the five pairs of recombinant clones with rna segments of the same parental origin, differences in facets of virulence were detected between members of two of the pairs. one pair differed in ability to produce fever, and another pair in ability to infect the lower respiratory tract. subsequent analyses i ... | 1982 | 7061993 |
| serum enzyme alterations in arginine-deficient, influenza-infected ferrets: a potential animal model of reye's syndrome. | young male ferrets developed hyperammonemia and encephalopathy soon after eating a diet lacking arginine. because of this characteristic and their known susceptibility to influenza infections, they were further tested as an animal model for reye's syndrome (rs), a childhood disorder which sometimes develops following influenza and which is characterized in part by encephalopathy, hyperammonemia, and elevated serum transaminase levels. either the deficiency or infection alone resulted in minor el ... | 1982 | 7067689 |
| experimental trichinella spiralis infection in the ferret, mustela putorius furo. | laboratory ferrets (mustela putorius furo) were each inoculated with 500 larvae of a strain of trichinella spiralis that had been passaged in mice for many generations. the recovery of adult worms from ferrets on days 4 and 7 of infection represented a mean of 32% of the inoculum, with most of the worms being in the anterior three quarters of the small intestine. larvae subsequently became encysted in the ferret musculature, with the diaphragm alone yielding as many as 5,750 larvae upon digestio ... | 1982 | 7069183 |
| elevation of nasal viral levels by suppression of fever in ferrets infected with influenza viruses of differing virulence. | the effect of suppression of fever on viral levels in nasal washes of ferrets infected with either of two clones (7a, virulent; 64d, attenuated) of the recombinant influenza virus a/puerto rico/8/34-a/england/939/69 (h3n2) was studied. the febrile response was reduced by shaving the ferrets or by treating them with sodium salicylate, which had no noticeable effect on the inflammatory response. for both clones, significantly more virus was shed in the nasal washes of ferrets whose febrile respons ... | 1982 | 7069233 |
| an electrophoretic investigation of mammalian spermatid-specific nuclear proteins. | using standardized methods for protein extraction and analysis, the testes of rams, bulls, goats, boars, stallions, rats, cats, hedgehogs, european mink and ferrets were examined for basic spermatid nucleoproteins by electrophoresis. the results suggest that differences exist in the total number of these proteins as well as in the number and amount of the cross-linked cystein-containing proteins. these differences appear to be more family-specific than species-specific. | 1982 | 7077593 |
| haematological and serum chemistry profiles of ferrets (mustela putorius furo). | female, male and castrated male ferrets were studied. weight gain plateaued at 28 weeks of age with males about 500 g heavier than females. no statistically significant differences in haematology were observed with age, but alkaline phosphatase and alanine aminotransferase levels fell while glucose increased. haemolysis led to various changes including marked increases in total protein, albumin, inorganic phosphate and sorbitol dehydrogenase. | 1982 | 7078059 |
| activity of adenylate deaminase and glutamate dehydrogenase in the liver: species and dietary variation. | 1. activity of glutamate dehydrogenase and adenylate deaminase were measured in the livers of carnivores (animals characterised by intake of a high dietary protein). 2. animals studied (ferret, cat, dog, hedgehog, rat, hamster, mouse, cow, pig and rabbit) were kept on their natural diet. 3. glutamate dehydrogenase activity showed no variation between carnivores and non-carnivores. 4. adenylate deaminase activity was significantly higher in carnivores than in non-carnivores. 5. in carnivores, ade ... | 1982 | 7083816 |
| respiratory mechanics of a small carnivore: the ferret. | the ferret, mustela putorius furo, is a small relatively inexpensive carnivore with minimal housing requirements. measurements were made from anesthetized tracheotomized supine males. values obtained during tidal breathing for six animals (576 +/- 12 g) were as follows: tidal volume, 6.06 +/- 0.30 ml; respiratory frequency, 26.7 +/- 3.9 breaths min-1; dynamic lung compliance, 2.48 +/- 0.21 ml cmh2o-1; pulmonary resistance, 22.56 +/- 1.61 cmh2o . l-1 . s. pressure-volume curves from nine ferrets ... | 1982 | 7085416 |
| dirofilariasis in a ferret. | 1982 | 7085481 | |
| ultrastructure and morphometry of the alveolar type ii cell of the ferret. | 1982 | 7086944 | |
| no evidence for cholinergic mechanisms in the control of spontaneous predatory behavior of the ferret. | 1982 | 7089025 |