Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| identification of opossums (didelphis virginiana) as the putative definitive host of sarcocystis neurona. | sarcocystis neurona is an apicomplexan that causes equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (epm) in north and south america. horses appear to be an aberrant host, because the merozoites continually divide in the central nervous system, without encysting. the natural host species has not previously been identified. the small subunit ribosomal rna (ssurna) gene of s. neurona was compared to those of sarcocystis muris, sarcocystis cruzi, toxoplasma gondii, and cryptosporidium parvum to identify a unique ... | 1995 | 8544064 |
| reactivity of white-footed mouse and raccoon sera to whole cell and recombinant antigens of borrelia burgdorferi. | serum samples were collected from white-footed mice (peromyscus leucopus) and raccoons (procyon lotor) during 1983, 1984, and 1990 through 1993 in connecticut (usa) and were tested in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisa) against whole cell borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto (strain 2591) and the following recombinant antigens of this spirochete: p41-g (an immunogenic epitope of flagellin), outer surface protein (osp)a, and ospb. antibodies were most frequently detected when whole cell anti ... | 1995 | 8592354 |
| herpesvirus-like infection in a raccoon (procyon lotor). | during march 1990, a subadult raccoon found dead in northeastern pennsylvania (usa) had gross lesions of multifocal hepatitis. microscopically, multifocal randomly distributed areas of acute necrosis with intranuclear viral inclusions were seen in liver, spleen, adrenal glands, and tongue. ultrastructural and immunoperoxidase results of formalin fixed liver were compatible with herpesvirus infection. this virus could be unique to the raccoon or may have been acquired from another species. | 1995 | 8592369 |
| molecular phylogeny of the red panda (ailurus fulgens). | the phylogenetic placement of the red panda (ailurus fulgens) and the giant panda (ailuropoda melanoleuca) has been an evolutionary enigma since their original descriptions in the nineteenth century. a series of recent molecular analyses led to a consensus that the giant panda's ancestors were derived from early bears (ursidae), but left unsettled the phylogenetic relationship of the red panda. previous molecular and morphological phylogenies were inconclusive and varied among placement of the r ... | 1995 | 8568209 |
| ageing, infecundity and reproductive senescence in free-ranging female rhesus monkeys. | the reproductive performance of 760 free-ranging female rhesus monkeys (macaca mulatta), 168 of whom were 20 years of age and older at the time observations were begun, was assessed. the monkeys were resident on raccoon key or key lois, two islands located in the florida keys, usa. during 1992 and 1993, live birth rates generally declined with age among the raccoon and lois females aged eight years and older. this age-related deterioration of female fertility was the result of proportionately mo ... | 1995 | 8568771 |
| analyses of mammalian sera in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays with different strains of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato. | blood samples were collected from cottontail rabbits (sylvilagus floridanus), raccoons (procyon lotor), white-footed mice (peromyscus leucopus), and white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) between 1977 and 1991 in southern connecticut and new york state (usa) and were tested for antibodies against eight strains of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. among these spirochetes were six strains of b. burgdorferi sensu stricto, one strain of b. garinii (=ip90) and ... | 1995 | 8583632 |
| protection of cats from infectious peritonitis by vaccination with a recombinant raccoon poxvirus expressing the nucleocapsid gene of feline infectious peritonitis virus. | feline infectious peritonitis virus (fipv) is a coronavirus that induces an often fatal, systemic infection in cats. various vaccines designed to prevent fipv infection have been shown to exacerbate the disease, probably due to immune enhancement mediated by virus-specific immunoglobulins against the outer envelope (s) protein. an effective vaccine would be one that induces cell-mediated immunity without disease enhancing antibodies. in this report, we describe the use of a recombinant raccoon p ... | 1995 | 8830483 |
| efficacy of six anthelmintics against luminal stages of baylisascaris procyonis in naturally infected raccoons (procyon lotor). | the efficacy of six anthelmintics against natural infections of baylisascaris procyonis in raccoons (n = 7 per drug) was determined in a series of critical tests. the drugs were given via moist cat food as a single dose or once daily for three consecutive days. raccoons treated with pyrantel embonate (1 x 20 mg base kg-1 bodyweight (bwt.)), ivermectin (1 x 1 mg kg-1 bwt.), moxidectin (1 x 1 mg kg-1 bwt.), albendazole (3 x 50 mg kg-1 bwt.), fenbendazole (3 x 50 mg kg-1 bwt.) or flubendazole (3 x ... | 1995 | 8644451 |
| the ascension of wildlife rabies: a cause for public health concern or intervention? | the epidemiology of rabies in the united states has changed substantially during the last half century, as the source of the disease has changed from domesticated animals to wildlife, principally raccoons, skunks, foxes, and bats. moreover, the changes observed among affected wildlife populations have not occurred without human influence. rather, human attraction to the recreational and economic resources provided by wildlife has contributed to the reemergence of rabies as a major zoonosis. alth ... | 1995 | 8903179 |
| use of spectral analysis to test hypotheses on the origin of pinnipeds. | the evolutionary origin of the pinnipeds (seals, sea lions, and walruses) is still uncertain. most authors support a hypothesis of a monophyletic origin of the pinnipeds from a caniform carnivore. a minority view suggests a diphyletic origin with true seals being related to the mustelids (otters and ferrets). the phylogenetic relationships of the walrus to other pinniped and carnivore families are also still particularly problematic. here we examined the relative support for mono- and diphyletic ... | 1995 | 7877495 |
| the raccoon spinocervical and spinothalamic tracts: a horseradish peroxidase study. | the locations of the cells of origin of the spinocervical tract (sct) and spinothalamic tract (stt) were examined in relation to the somatotopic and laminar organization of the cervical enlargement of the raccoon dorsal horn (dh). in different animals, either the lateral cervical nucleus or the lateral thalamus was injected with a 2% solution of wheat germ agglutinin-horseradish peroxidase (wga-hrp). following 24 h or 4 days, respectively, the animals were sacrificed and both injection and targe ... | 1995 | 7540911 |
| new york attacks raccoon rabies from the air. | 1995 | 7488886 | |
| raccoon eyes and the mibg super scan: scintigraphic signs of neuroblastoma in a case of suspected child abuse. | the authors report on an infant suspected of having been abused, who presented with periorbital edema and ecchymoses (clinical "raccoon eyes"). the pattern of the nuclear medicine bone scan suggested neuroblastoma rather than trauma. both the bone scan and the subsequent mibg scan revealed multiple abnormalities, including markedly increased activity around the orbits, that we termed the scintigraphic raccoon eyes sign. in addition, the grossly abnormal mibg scan demonstrated avid uptake of mibg ... | 1995 | 8577565 |
| lead concentrations in frozen and formalin-fixed tissues from raccoons (procyon lotor) administered oral lead acetate. | 1995 | 8580195 | |
| papillomavirus infection in raccoons (procyon lotor). | 1995 | 8580183 | |
| lead and mercury levels in raccoons from macon county, alabama. | 1995 | 7647494 | |
| bilateral periorbital hematoma (raccoon eyes) following thoracic crush injuries: case reports. | 1995 | 7760416 | |
| raccoon rabies in eastern canada (1963 to 1994): a retrospective report. | 1996 | 17424436 | |
| changes in the response properties of neurons in the ventroposterior lateral thalamic nucleus of the raccoon after peripheral deafferentation. | 1. single neurons in the ventroposterior lateral thalamic nucleus were studied in 10 anesthetized raccoons, 4 of which had undergone amputation of the fourth digit 4-5 mo before recording. neurons with receptive fields on the glabrous skin of a forepaw digit were examined in response to electrical stimulation of the "on-focus" digit that contained the neuron's receptive field and stimulation of an adjacent, "off-focus" digit. 2. in normal raccoons all neurons responded to on-focus stimulation wi ... | 1996 | 8793755 |
| raccoon rabies in eastern canada (1963 to 1994): a retrospective report. | 1996 | 8689593 | |
| endogenous lipid pneumonia (multifocal alveolar histiocytosis) in raccoons (procyon lotor). | 1996 | 8744757 | |
| the immediate effects of peripheral deafferentation on neurons of the cuneate nucleus in raccoons. | single-unit recordings were obtained from 42 neurons in the cuneate nucleus of 12 anesthetized raccoons. all neurons had receptive fields on the glabrous skin of a forepaw digit. temporary removal of the dominant excitatory input to a neuron, by injection of lidocaine into the base of the digit, did not result in any expansion of the excitatory receptive field onto adjacent, "off-focus" digits. similarly, the responses evoked from the off-focus digits by electrical stimulation, which had a longe ... | 1996 | 8844959 |
| changes in the organization of the ventroposterior lateral thalamic nucleus after digit removal in adult raccoon. | the ventroposterior lateral nucleus of the thalamus was studied in seven raccoons that had undergone amputation of the fourth digit between 2 and 5 months previously. extracellular recordings were made in a series of closely spaced penetrations through the thalamus in chloralose anesthetized animals. the responses to cutaneous stimulation of the forepaw were used to reconstruct the somatotopic organization of the thalamus and to identify recording sites believed to be located in the digit zone t ... | 1996 | 8789278 |
| polycystic kidney disease in a raccoon (procyon lotor). | during march 1988, a case of bilateral polycystic kidney disease (pkd) occurred in an aged raccoon (procyon lotor) at a zoo in wilmington, delaware (usa). prior to its death, the raccoon had no clinical signs. on necropsy there was bilateral enlargement of kidneys which, on cut sections, had many variable sized fluid-filled cystic cavities. endometrial hyperplasia with presence of multiple variable-sized cysts were also seen in the uterus of this raccoon. microscopical examinations were characte ... | 1996 | 9359069 |
| lymphosarcoma in a raccoon (procyon lotor). | a case of lymphosarcoma in a captive adult female raccoon (procyon lotor) from northeastern pennsylvania (usa) was observed in 1991. prior to its death the raccoon had lost weight. at necropsy the carcass was in poor body condition and had pale mucous membranes. the thoracic and abdominal lymph nodes were enlarged, soft, and pale tan. microscopically, there was effacement of normal lymph node architecture by sheets of mononuclear cells. these were well-differentiated small lymphocytes with disti ... | 1996 | 9359068 |
| the design of strain-specific polymerase chain reactions for discrimination of the racoon rabies virus strain from indigenous rabies viruses of ontario. | since its recognition as a discrete epizootic in florida in the early 1950s, the raccoon strain of rabies virus (rv) has spread over almost the entire eastern seaboard of the us and now threatens to enter the southernmost regions of canada. to characterise this rv strain in more detail, nucleotide sequencing of the n and g genes, encoding the nucleoprotein and glycoprotein, respectively, of representative isolates has been undertaken. this sequence information generated a conserved restriction m ... | 1996 | 8919819 |
| [anti-toxoplasma antibody levels in the main-land raccoon dog, nyctereutes procyonoides viverrinus, in southeastern kanagawa prefecture]. | naturally-occurring toxoplasma infection has been observed for years in various kinds of wild animals. however, the infection situation has not been well characterized due to a lack of research. in present study, latex fixation tests were conducted for 109 main-land raccoon dogs (67 males and 42 females) all of which were kept in kanazawa zoo in yokohama city, kanagawa prefecture between 1991-1994 to measure levels of toxoplasma antibodies. the test results indicated 20 positive samples out of t ... | 1996 | 8952267 |
| rabies surveillance in the united states during 1995. | in 1995, 49 states, the district of columbia, and puerto rico reported 7,877 cases of rabies in nonhuman animals and 4 cases in human beings to the centers for disease control and prevention. nearly 92% (7,247 cases) were wild animals, whereas 8% (630 cases) were domestic species. the total number of reported cases decreased 4.2% from that of 1994 (8,230 cases). most of the decline was the result of 17.1% fewer reported cases of rabies in raccoons in areas of the northeast, where rabies is now e ... | 1996 | 8960176 |
| baylisascaris procyonis larva migrans in a puppy: a case report and update for the veterinarian. | baylisascaris larva migrans (lm) has been recognized as a cause of central nervous system (cns) disease in puppies. a presumptive antemortem diagnosis is based on a history of raccoon exposure, clinical signs, cerebrospinal fluid eosinophilic pleocytosis, and peripheral blood eosinophilia. early diagnosis is critical for treatment or prevention of disease in other dogs, animals, or humans exposed to the suspected contaminated area. in the present case, an antemortem diagnosis was not made, empha ... | 1996 | 8963740 |
| acquired resistance and antibody response of raccoons (procyon lotor) to sequential feedings of ixodes scapularis (acari: ixodidae). | captive-bred raccoons (procyon lotor) developed immune resistance to infestation by the larval stage of the ixodid tick, ixodes scapularis, the vector of borrelia burgdorferi, following repeated applications of both nymphs and larvae. resistance was expressed as a significant decrease in the proportion of engorged larvae recovered from each cohort. resistance to nymphs was not noted, but, only two such cohorts were applied. utilizing an enzyme-linked immunosor-bent assay (elisa) developed to det ... | 1996 | 8966995 |
| experimental infection of the raccoon (procyon lotor) with borrelia burgdorferi. | the reservoir competence of the raccoon (procyon lotor) for the lyme disease spirochete (borrelia burgdorferi) was evaluated in the laboratory during september 1991 to april 1993. five raccoons were exposed to spirochete-infected (jd1 and wisconsin 210 wise strains) ixodes scapularis nymphs (20/raccoon). a second feeding of spirochete-infected (wisconsin 210 wise strain) nymphs (20/raccoon) was performed with four of the original raccoons. xenodiagnosis with cohorts of i. scapularis larvae (300/ ... | 1996 | 8722269 |
| pyogranulomatous peritonitis associated with nocardia sp.-like organisms in a raccoon (procyon lotor). | during 1992 raccoons (procyon lotor) were live-trapped in northeastern pennsylvania (usa). in one of these animals a localized pyogranulomatous peritonitis was seen. grossly a large mass with a central area of liquifactive necrosis was present in the anterior abdomen. microscopically the lesion contained multiple colonies of filamentous organisms with histomorphologic and histochemical charcteristics resembling nocardia sp. this appears to be the first report of nocardia infection in the raccoon ... | 1996 | 8722283 |
| the raccoon lateral cervical nucleus: mediolateral organization of gaba-positive and gaba-negative neurons and fibers. | in the lateral cervical nucleus (lcn) of the cat, gaba-immunoreactive neurons and substance p-immunoreactive fibers are concentrated in the medial part of the nucleus, whereas in the monkey lcn no preferential locations have been identified. in raccoons, substance p-immunoreactive fibers display a distribution pattern similar to that in cats. however, the presence and distribution of gaba-immunoreactive neurons in the raccoon lcn has not been examined, and it is therefore not known whether racco ... | 1996 | 8729964 |
| effects of melatonin implants on winter fur growth and testicular recrudescence in adult male raccoon dogs (nyctereutes procyonoides). | the effects of melatonin implants were investigated on winter fur growth, monitored by counting growing and mature hairs per bundle and testicular recrudescence, judged by testis width, score count of spermatogenesis, and serum testosterone in the adult male raccoon dogs. melatonin administration in july highly elevated melatonin concentrations in serum and urine and induced an earlier decrease in prolactin secretion (august in the treated group vs september in the control group), winter fur gro ... | 1996 | 8797182 |
| applications of pox virus vectors to vaccination: an update. | recombinant pox viruses have been generated for vaccination against heterologous pathogens. amongst these, the following are notable examples. (i) the engineering of the copenhagen strain of vaccinia virus to express the rabies virus glycoprotein. when applied in baits, this recombinant has been shown to vaccinate the red fox in europe and raccoons in the united states, stemming the spread of rabies virus infection in the wild. (ii) a fowlpox-based recombinant expressing the newcastle disease vi ... | 1996 | 8876138 |
| no rabies detected in voles and field mice in a rabies-endemic area. | brain samples were collected from 514 voles and wild mice in estonia, and examined for rabies. the samples were tested with antigen elisa, and 8.6% of them additionally by virus isolation assay. the results were negative. our data show that in areas of north-eastern europe, where rabies is endemic in raccoon dogs and red foxes, populations of smaller mammals may remain free of rabies. | 1996 | 8885709 |
| interspecific differences between small mammals as hosts of immature dermacentor variabilis (acari: ixodidae) and a model for detection of high risk areas of rocky mountain spotted fever. | fourteen species of small mammals were captured from july 1990 through august 1991 in tennessee, from which 1,217 immature dermacentor variabilis and 1 ixodes dentatus were collected. mammal species were given scores of importance (ts) as hosts to immature d. variabilis based on mean intensity and prevalence. the rice rat ranked the highest, with a ts = 5, followed by the golden mouse ts = 4, white-footed mouse ts = 3, pine vole ts = 2, cotton rat ts = 1, with the norway rat, house mouse, and sh ... | 1996 | 8885876 |
| trichinella britovi from japan. | although parasites of the genus trichinella have been collected from wild animals in japan, they have never been studied at species level. muscle larvae of trichinella collected from a black bear (ursus thibetanus japonicus) and from a raccoon dog (nyctereutes procyonoides viverrinus) in japan have been identified as trichinella britovi by random amplified polymorphic dna analysis. the presence of t. britovi in japan shows that this parasite has a wide distribution in the palaearctic region, fro ... | 1996 | 8885903 |
| filariae of raccoons from southeast georgia. | the prevalence of filariae in wild raccoons trapped in southeast georgia was determined. examination of blood samples revealed that 74 of 113 raccoons (66%) trapped in 6 southeastern georgia counties were infected. seventy-three of these raccoons (65%) were infected with mansonella llewellyni and this parasite was observed in raccoons from every location examined. dirofilaria tenuis was found in 22 raccoons (20%) and was observed in only 3 of the 6 counties surveyed. an adult specimen of acantho ... | 1996 | 8885904 |
| detection of canine parvovirus antigens with antibodies to synthetic peptides. | antibodies produced in rabbits against an 18-amino acid peptide (peptide 1, nslpqsegatnfgdigvp) of capsid protein vp2/residues 292-309 of canine parvovirus (cpv) or against an 18-amino acid peptide (peptide 2, gkrntvlfhgpastkgks) of nonstructural protein ns1/residues 391-409 of cpv identified, in immunofluorescence analysis, viral antigens in canine a 72 cells infected with cpv. antibodies to peptide 2 also identified viral antigens in bovine cells infected with bovine parvovirus. in western blo ... | 1996 | 8893795 |
| shared synteny of human chromosome 17 loci in canids. | canids are unusual among mammals in the large degree to which their karyotypes have diverged during speciation. in many instances, chromosome segments from different species share cytogenetic homology, and a presumed phylogenetic tree of canid evolution can be constructed based on the relative shuffling of chromosomal elements. in this study, four gene probes (myeloperoxidase [mpo], miller-dieker [mdcr], erbb2, and retinoic acid receptor alpha [rara]) from human chromosome 17 were used in fluore ... | 1996 | 8893820 |
| rabies postexposure prophylaxis--connecticut, 1990-1994. | in connecticut, the first case of animal rabies associated with the ongoing raccoon rabies epizootic was identified in march 1991; since then, cases of animal rabies have been confirmed in all eight counties of the state. because of heightened awareness of the potential for rabies and the nearly always fatal outcome of this disease, the numbers of persons in connecticut receiving rabies postexposure prophylaxis (pep) was suspected to have increased substantially during 1990-1994. in connecticut, ... | 1996 | 8606682 |
| raccoon poxvirus feline panleukopenia virus vp2 recombinant protects cats against fpv challenge. | an infectious raccoon poxvirus (rcnv) was used to express the feline panleukopenia virus (fpv) open reading frame vp2. the recombinant, rcnv/fpv, was constructed by homologous recombination with a chimeric plasmid for inserting the expression cassette into the thymidine kinase (tk) locus of rcnv. expression of the vp2 dna was regulated by the vaccinia virus late promoter p11. southern blot and polymerase chain reaction (pcr) analyses confirmed the cassette was in the tk gene of the rcnv genome. ... | 1996 | 8615030 |
| the relationship between capsid protein (vp2) sequence and pathogenicity of aleutian mink disease parvovirus (adv): a possible role for raccoons in the transmission of adv infections. | aleutian mink disease parvovirus (adv) dna was identified by pcr in samples from mink and raccoons on commercial ranches during an outbreak of aleutian disease (ad). comparison of dna sequences of the hypervariable portion of vp2, the major capsid protein of adv, indicated that both mink and raccoons were infected by a new isolate of adv, designated adv-tr. because the capsid proteins of other parvoviruses play a prominent role in the determination of viral pathogenicity and host range, we decid ... | 1996 | 8551624 |
| field use of a vaccinia-rabies recombinant vaccine for the control of sylvatic rabies in europe and north america. | during recent years, most research on the control of sylvatic rabies has concentrated on developing methods of oral vaccination of wild rabies vectors. to improve both the safety and the stability of the vaccine used, a recombinant vaccinia virus, which expresses the immunising glycoprotein of rabies virus (vrg), has been developed and tested extensively in the laboratory as well as in the field. from 1989 to 1995, approximately 8.5 million vrg vaccine doses were dispersed in western europe to v ... | 1996 | 9025144 |
| clinicopathologic variation in raccoons infected with different street rabies virus isolates. | ten raccoons were divided into two random groups (groups 1 and 2) of five animals each. group 1 raccoons were inoculated intramuscularly in the masseter muscle with a raccoon rabies virus isolate obtained from a natural case of raccoon rabies from the northeastern usa. group 2 raccoons were infected by a similar route with a latin american canine isolate of rabies virus. raccoons either died suddenly or developed neurologic signs compatible with rabies. clinical signs of rabies in group 1 raccoo ... | 1996 | 9026079 |
| the raccoon as an animal model for upper limb neural prosthetics. | the raccoon was evaluated as an animal model for upper limb neural prosthetics. this animal was selected primarily because the functional use of its forelimb mimics in many ways the usage in humans and because of its optimal size and commercial availability. eight cadaver and fresh specimen forearms were dissected. important characteristics of the raccoon forearm were: 1) large muscles in the volar forearm, 2) large digits in the paw that appear more similar to humans than to other species such ... | 1996 | 9237790 |
| animals with coxiella burnetii infection demonstrate a western immunoblot profile of chronic q fever in humans. | western immunoblotting was used to compare the immune response to coxiella burnetii phase i and phase ii antigens of humans with acute and chronic q fever with that of infected cats, rabbits, cows and raccoons. the cats, rabbits, cows and raccoons had an immunoblot profile similar to that of the human with chronic q fever. | 1996 | 22514415 |
| baylisascariasis in raccoons from southern coastal texas. | two hundred and two baylisascaris procyonis were collected from 23 (70%) of 33 raccoons (procyon lotor) at three localities in southern coastal texas (usa). abundances of b. procyonis were similar among collection localities. the presence of b. procyonis in texas is confirmed, and this record considerably extends the potential range of baylisascariasis larval migrans in north america. | 1997 | 9249718 |
| evaluation of an animal rabies vaccine by use of two types of potency tests. | to evaluate the potency of an inactivated animal rabies vaccine for domestic animals by use of 2 types of potency tests after challenge exposure with a laboratory standard virus or 1 of 5 viruses obtained from various wildlife species. | 1997 | 9256966 |
| knowledge and attitudes of residents in two areas of massachusetts about rabies and an oral vaccination program in wildlife. | to compare public knowledge and attitudes about rabies and an oral rabies vaccination program in raccoons. | 1997 | 9262668 |
| amebicidal activity of wild animal serum. | the sera of 16 species of wild animals representing 5 classes of vertebrates were assayed for amebicidal activity against species of naegleria. the greatest activity was observed for sera of bullfrogs, muskrats, and raccoons, all of which are animals associated with water. in contrast, the sera from animals such as toads, box turtles, sparrows, and squirrels exhibited minimal or no amebicidal activity. in general, pathogenic naegleria tended to be less susceptible than nonpathogenic naegleria to ... | 1997 | 9267424 |
| the monoclonal antibody h386f labels microglia in the retinal nerve fiber layer of several mammals. | the antibody h386f revealed microglia in the retinae of several species: owl monkey, slow loris, galago, ferret, raccoon, and tree shrew. the shape, size, and density of labeled microglia were identical to those labeled by ox-42 and ox-41, two antibodies specific for microglia, in both galago and owl monkey. the labeled microglia varied little in retinal location. there was remarkably little variability in density, shape, number, and size of the labeled microglia between species. all labeled mic ... | 1997 | 9278995 |
| naturally occurring cerebral nematodiasis due to baylisascaris larval migration in two black-and-white ruffed lemurs (varecia variegata variegata) and suspected cases in three emus (dromaius novaehollandiae). | during september and october 1992, two black-and-white ruffed lemurs (varecia variegata variegata) were housed in an outdoor wire enclosure at the tulsa zoological park. the following february and april, both lemurs developed head tilt and ataxia, and they were euthanized. necropsy revealed multifocal malacia of the white matter of the pons, cerebellum, internal capsule, and cerebral and cerebellar peduncles. nematode larvae consistent with baylisascaris spp. were observed in the brain of one le ... | 1997 | 9279412 |
| [detection of intestinal parasites from main-land raccoon dogs, nyctereutes procyonoides viverrinus, in southeastern kanagawa prefecture]. | to obtain the basic data on the route of infection of intestinal parasites as zoonosis, we examined the feces from 87 main-land raccoon dogs, all of which were kept in the yokohama kanazawa zoo (kanagawa) between 1994-1996, for detection of intestinal parasites and evaluated the detection rates. intestinal parasites were detected from 72 of the 87 raccoon dogs (82.8%). among the parasites, ancylostoma spp., trichuris vulpis, ascaridoidea and isospora spp. were most commonly detected. of the 72 r ... | 1997 | 9283143 |
| raccoon poxvirus live recombinant feline panleukopenia virus vp2 and rabies virus glycoprotein bivalent vaccine. | a raccoon poxvirus (rcnv) recombinant for immunizing against feline panleukopenia and rabies was developed by homologous recombination with a chimeric plasmid for insertional inactivation of the rcnv thymidine kinase gene. the recombinant, rcn-fpv/vp2-rabg, coexpressed the feline panleukopenia virus (fpv) vp2 protein and the rabies virus spike glycoprotein (rabg) under oppositely oriented vaccinia virus p11 promoters. cats vaccinated subcutaneously with the recombinant showed relatively high neu ... | 1997 | 9302762 |
| [the epidemiological-epizootiological subdivision of the nosogeographic range of trichinosis]. | the prevalence of trichinosis was analyzed among human beings and animals in moscow province over 50 years (1946-1996). a total of 7022 domestic, synanthropic, and wild carnivorous animals were incompletely helminthologically dissected. enzyme immunoassay revealed diagnostic trichinella antigen antibody titers in 45.4% of 544 examinees during outbreaks and at their intervals, as well as in 0.58% of domestic pigs of different property forms. trichinella larvae were found in domestic pigs (0.13%), ... | 1997 | 9304022 |
| emergence of raccoon rabies in connecticut, 1991-1994: spatial and temporal characteristics of animal infection and human contact. | the north american raccoon rabies epizootic continues to expand, now affecting most of new england. in 1990, raccoons became the vertebrate most often reported rabid in the united states. emergence of this zoonosis poses increasing, but poorly defined risks to humans. this study analyzed various demographic, environmental, and behavioral factors associated with animal infection and human exposure before and during the epizootic in connecticut. rabies virus infections among terrestrial vertebrate ... | 1997 | 9347964 |
| management of rabies exposure in pediatric practice. | the incidence of human rabies in the united states has fallen dramatically over the past 4 decades. this is directly related to the universal immunization of domestic cats and dogs. recently, a number of cases of human rabies have been associated with the appearance of a previously rare strain of the virus in the silver-haired bat. there have been other recent changes in the epizoology of rabies with the expansion of raccoon rabies from a small pocket around northern virginia to most of the nort ... | 1997 | 9360825 |
| distribution of neurons immunoreactive for parvalbumin and calbindin in the somatosensory thalamus of the raccoon. | the aim of this study was to assess the distribution of neurons immunoreactive for parvalbumin (pv), calbindin (cabp), glutamic acid decarboxylase (gad), and gamma-aminobutyric acid (gaba) in the somatosensory thalamus of the raccoon and to compare these features to those of other species, especially primates. immunohistochemistry was used to study the location of these neurons in the ventroposterior nucleus (vp), ventroposterior inferior nucleus (vpi), posterior group of nuclei (po), and reticu ... | 1997 | 9364242 |
| natural history of ehrlichia chaffeensis (rickettsiales: ehrlichieae) in the piedmont physiographic province of georgia. | the roles of wild mammals and ticks in the epidemiology of ehrlichia chaffeensis at a suspected endemic site were investigated using serologic testing, culture, and polymerase chain reaction (pcr) supported by restriction endonuclease analysis and dna sequencing. antibodies reactive to e. chaffeensis (> or = 1:64) were detected in 92% of white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus), 21% of raccoons (procyon lotor), and 8% of opossums (didelphis virginianus), but not in 8 other species of mammals. ... | 1997 | 9379294 |
| susceptibility of peromyscus leucopus and mus musculus to infection with baylisascaris procyonis. | in this study, we compared the susceptibility of peromyscus leucopus (white-footed mouse), a common natural intermediate host, and mus musculus, a commonly used experimental model, to infection with larvae of the raccoon ascarid, baylisascaris procyonis. three groups of 10 mice of each species were given 50, 250, or 500 infective b. procyonis eggs by gavage. the mice were observed daily for clinical signs of central nervous system (cns) disease and at necropsy the distribution of larvae in 10 bo ... | 1997 | 9406787 |
| rabies surveillance in the united states during 1996. | in 1996, 49 states, the district of columbia, and puerto rico reported 7,124 cases of rabies in non-human animals and 4 cases in human beings to the centers for disease control and prevention. nearly 92% (6,550 cases) were wild animals, whereas 8% (574 cases) were domestic species. the total number of reported cases decreased 9.6% from that of 1995 (7,881 cases). although much of the decline was the result of fewer reported cases of rabies in raccoons, fewer cases were also reported among most g ... | 1997 | 9412679 |
| surveillance and spatiotemporal associations of rabies in rodents and lagomorphs in the united states, 1985-1994. | between 1985 and 1994, 368 cases of rabies in rodents (95% of reports) and lagomorphs (5%) were reported to the centers for disease control and prevention, atlanta, georgia (usa), from 22 states. this was a 354% increase from the period 1971 to 1984. most reports were cases of rabies in woodchucks (marmota monax) (n = 317), primarily from the eastern united states, which has been recently experiencing an epizootic of raccoon (procyon lotor) rabies. cases of rabies in woodchucks were temporally a ... | 1997 | 9027687 |
| tick-raccoon associations and the potential for lyme disease spirochete transmission in the coastal plain of north carolina. | raccoons (procyon lotor) were live-trapped and examined for ticks from july 1990 to july 1993 in the coastal plain of north carolina on marine corps base, camp lejeune, north carolina (usa). five species of ixodid ticks were found on 351 (78%) of 449 raccoons. amblyomma americanum was the most abundant tick found on raccoons. dermacentor variabilis, ixodes texanus, and ixodes scapularis were frequently collected, while ixodes cookei were rarely collected from raccoons. tick burdens were not affe ... | 1997 | 9027688 |
| role of the eastern chipmunk (tamias striatus) in the epizootiology of lyme borreliosis in northwestern illinois, usa. | the role of the eastern chipmunk (tamias striatus) in the epizootiology of lyme borreliosis was evaluated in castle rock state park, illinois (usa), an enzootic region, from june to august 1993. prevalence, intensity, and molting rate of immature ixodes scapularis were determined for chipmunks, white footed mice (peromyscus leucopus), and raccoons (procyon lotor). chipmunks were the primary host for i. scapularis nymphs and an important secondary host for i. scapularis larvae. based upon ear pun ... | 1997 | 9027689 |
| a recombinant vaccinia-rabies virus in the immunocompromised host: oral innocuity, progressive parenteral infection, and therapeutics. | with the emergence of raccoons (procyon lotor) as the primary rabies reservoir in the united states of america, a recombinant vaccinia-rabies glycoprotein (v-rg) virus vaccine was developed that protected raccoons by the oral route from rabies infection. despite extensive laboratory evaluation, vaccine safety concerns remained about free-choice distribution for wildlife rabies control. in this study, the oral innocuity of v-rg virus was demonstrated in immunodeficient mice but parenteral exposur ... | 1997 | 9066030 |
| [redescription of haemaphysalis flava and ixodes tanuki collected from a raccoon dog in korea]. | a total of 135 hard ticks consisting of 2 species of 2 genera, 117 haemaphysalis flava and 18 ixodes tanuki, were collected from a korean raccoon dog (nyctereutes procyonoides koreensis) caught at the moaksan (mt.). chollabuk-do, korea in march 1995. it is the first record that i. tanuki appears in the korean fauna. | 1997 | 9100433 |
| rabies in new hampshire and vermont: an update. | new hampshire and vermont currently have two rabies epizootics occurring in raccoon and fox populations. these are continuations of the established raccoon strain which has been migrating northward from the mid-atlantic and the fox strain which is migrating south and eastward from canada and new york. these started in the early 1990s, and the wild animal cases have increased from 0 to 1 case per year in vermont in the late 1980s to 179 in 1995, and from 0 to 4 cases in new hampshire to 152 in 19 ... | 1997 | 9142374 |
| multielectrode nerve cuff stimulation of the median nerve produces selective movements in a raccoon animal model. | in this study, an electrode system consisting of twelve small platinum dot electrodes imbedded in a spiral silicone rubber insulating cuff was used to investigate the feasibility of selective (regional) stimulation of the median nerves of the raccoon. acute experiments in four raccoons consisted of functional responses observations, isometric force recordings from tendon attachments and postmortem fascicular mapping. functional responses (elbow, wrist and/or digit flexion, pronation and/or thumb ... | 1997 | 9144615 |
| neuronal vacuolation in raccoons (procyon lotor). | microscopic vacuolar changes in neuronal perikaryon are described in two free-ranging raccoons (procyon lotor) from different geographic locations in the united states. both animals were negative for rabies and scrapie-associated antigens. microscopically, lesions were not seen in the neuropil. neuronal vacuolations have previously been documented in brains of normal animals and in diseases such as rabies and prion-associated encephalopathies. although experimental transmission of a spongiform m ... | 1997 | 9163886 |
| ige response to fur animal allergens and domestic animal allergens in fur farmers and fur garment workers. | the aim of this study was to compare the ige response to the most commonly farmed fur animals with that to domestic animals. | 1997 | 9179423 |
| rabies and rabies research: past, present and future. | rabies is probably the oldest recorded infection of mankind. the development of the first rabies vaccine by pasteur surely had been hoped to eliminate or at least drastically reduce its incidence. however, this goal has not been achieved because rabies is maintained in many animal reservoirs, including both domestic and wild. there are still many aspects of the pathogenicity of rabies that are unknown. for example, we have no explanation for the long incubation period (up to 6 years). furthermor ... | 1997 | 9218287 |
| leptospirosis in raccoons in quebec: 2 case reports and seroprevalence in a recreational area. | raccoons may represent a source of leptospires for humans and domestic animals. we describe a case of severe interstitial nephritis associated with the serovar bratislava of leptospira interrogans (1st report in wildlife), and the seroprevalence to 4 leptospire serovars in a recreational area in quebec. | 1997 | 9220134 |
| genetic diversity of the attachment (h) protein gene of current field isolates of canine distemper virus. | to characterize the variability of recent field isolates of canine distemper virus (cdv) from different hosts and geographical areas, we conducted nucleotide sequence analysis of the gene encoding the haemagglutinin (h), the attachment protein of this virus. pronounced differences between field isolates were revealed in comparison to the convac and onderstepoort vaccine strains. the diversity of cdv appeared to exceed that determined for measles virus. phylogenetic analysis also separated the fi ... | 1997 | 9018059 |
| update: raccoon rabies epizootic--united states, 1996. | since 1960, rabies has been reported more frequently in wild animals than in domestic animals in the united states. in 1995, wildlife rabies accounted for 92% of animal rabies cases reported to cdc; approximately 50% of these cases (3964 of 7881 total cases) were associated with raccoons. this report describes the continuing spread of an epizootic of raccoon rabies in affected mid-atlantic and northeastern states and the spread into ohio, indicating an increasing move westward despite geographic ... | 1997 | 9005309 |
| reorganization of the raccoon cuneate nucleus after peripheral denervation. | the effects of peripheral nerve transection on the cuneate nucleus were studied in anesthetized raccoons using extracellular, single-unit recordings. the somatotopic organization of the cuneate nucleus first was examined in intact, control animals. the cuneate nucleus in the raccoon is organized with the digits represented in separate cell clusters. the dorsal cap region of the cuneate nucleus contains a representation of the claws and hairy skin of the digits. within the representation of the g ... | 1997 | 9405513 |
| capillariasis in the trachea of a raccoon. | cross-sections of nematodes were seen in histologic sections of trachea from a raccoon (procyon lotor) collected in virginia (usa); they occupied epithelium and contained unembryonated, bioperculated eggs characteristic of the genus capillaria (= eucoleus). a mild inflammatory cell infiltrate in the lamina propria subjacent to the nematode was the only apparent host response. this is the first report of capillariasis in the trachea of raccoons. | 1997 | 9391976 |
| testing peripheral somatosensory neuroprostheses by recording from raccoon cortex. | a topologically organized representation of the body surface exists within the mammalian somatosensory cortical areas such that stimulation of a part of the body surface will produce a response in a localized region of the contralateral somatosensory cortex. because of this topography, we propose that the selectivity of a peripheral somatosensory neuroprosthetic electrode array can be tested by noting whether the locus of maximum activation in the cortex moves in a consistent manner when differi ... | 1997 | 9086388 |
| a topographical erp study of healthy premature 5-year-old children in the auditory and visual modalities. | the aim of this research is to study the impact of extreme prematurity on the cognitive development of the child as assessed at age 5 years 9 months. our samples include 15 healthy prematures born between 25 and 28 weeks of gestational age carefully matched with 15 full-term controls. in the first experiment, two different auditory stimuli were presented to the subjects who listened passively without instruction. the second experiment consisted of a standard visual oddball task in which the subj ... | 1997 | 9186238 |
| a retrospective histopathological survey of capillariasis in raccoons from the eastern united states. | a 7-yr retrospective survey (1986-1993) of 193 raccoons (procyon lotor) from 4 different geographic locations (south carolina, virginia, and 2 sites in pennsylvania) in the eastern united states was conducted by histopathological examination of various tissues. lesions indicative of capillariasis were observed in raccoons at all locations. an overall prevalence of 45% was recorded. highest prevalence of nematodes in tissues (71%) was seen in the rural pennsylvania site. nematodes were confined t ... | 1998 | 9488363 |
| song sparrows, top carnivores and nest predation: a test of the mesopredator release hypothesis. | ground-nesting north american landbirds have declined in the longterm, including species with a variety of migratory strategies. the mesopredator release hypothesis explains declines by suggesting that the virtual elimination of top carnivores (large-bodied canids and felids) from much of north america has "released" populations of nest-destroying mesopredators (i.e., medium-sized terrestrial omnivores such as the raccoon procyon lotor). the hypothesis predicts (1) higher nest success in the pre ... | 1998 | 28308530 |
| calcitonin gene-related peptide and neuropeptide y in the raccoon cuneate nucleus. | immunocytochemical methods were used to determine the distribution of calcitonin gene-related peptide (cgrp) and neuropeptide y (npy) in the middle region of the adult raccoon cuneate nucleus. extensive cgrp-immunoreactive fibers and darkly stained punctate structures, thought to be terminals, were concentrated in the dorsal cap and basal region of the middle cuneate nucleus. these regions receive input from the claws and the hairy skin of the paw and forearm. the npy-immunoreactive fibers and t ... | 1998 | 9886791 |
| resource distribution, female home range dispersion and male spatial interactions: group structure in a solitary carnivore. | we monitored 74 (41 male, 33 female) radiocollared raccoons (procyon lotor) from february 1990 to july 1992 on the welder wildlife refuge, texas, to relate male and female space use to each other and to the spatial distribution of water, a critical resource for raccoons. female home ranges were spatially aggregated early in the study, when standing water occurred in only a few, widely separated patches on the study site, but were randomly distributed during seasons when water was more widely dis ... | 1998 | 9632506 |
| capillaries of the anal sacs of raccoons (procyon lotor) and a possible association with anal-sac impaction. | 1998 | 9786529 | |
| development of baits to deliver oral rabies vaccine to raccoons in ontario. | during 1993, the ontario ministry of natural resources, rabies research unit, conducted experiments to develop a bait that would be attractive to raccoons (procyon lotor) and serve as a vehicle to deliver oral rabies vaccine to that species. testing of six candidate baits on captive and wild raccoons revealed that the best baits in terms of attractiveness to raccoons were a sugar-vanilla bait and a cheese powder bait. further testing of those two baits containing miniature radio-transmitters ind ... | 1998 | 9706580 |
| co-expression of p75ntr- and calbindin-immunoreactivity in cholinergic neurons of the raccoon basal forebrain. | the cholinergic system of the basal forebrain is involved in the modulation of sensory information. this has previously been investigated in the raccoon, an animal especially interesting because of its highly developed somatosensory cortex. the present study focused on the co-expression of the low-affinity neurotrophin receptor p75ntr and calbindin in cholinergic neurons of the raccoon basal forebrain and neostriatum. carbocyanine immunofluorescence double labelling revealed the co-localization ... | 1998 | 9666169 |
| efficacy of an oral vaccinia-rabies glycoprotein recombinant vaccine in controlling epidemic raccoon rabies in new jersey. | a field trial to evaluate the efficacy of an oral vaccinia-rabies glycoprotein recombinant virus vaccine in controlling epidemic raccoon (procyon lotor) rabies was conducted by distributing 180,816 doses (10(8.2)tcid50/ml) of vaccine in wax ampules within fish-meal polymer baits at a rate of 64 doses/km2/treatment throughout a 552 km2 area, forming an 18 km wide band across the northern cape may peninsula of new jersey (usa). vaccination treatments were conducted in the spring and fall between m ... | 1998 | 9813845 |
| seroprevalence of antibodies against toxoplasma gondii in free-ranging mammals in iowa. | serum samples from raccoons (procyon lotor), striped skunks (mephitis mephitis), virginia opossums (didelphis virginiana), and free-ranging house cats trapped in iowa between 1984 and 1988 were tested for antibodies against toxoplasma gondii using the modified direct agglutination test (mat). antibody titers > or = 1:32 were considered indicative of infection. prevalence rates by species were estimated for raccoons at 134/885 (15%), skunks at 38/81 (47%), opossums at 12/53 (23%), and cats at 16/ ... | 1998 | 9813854 |
| polymerase chain reaction protocols for rabies virus discrimination. | the development of rt pcr methodology has facilitated greatly the genetic characterisation of many rabies viruses (rvs), distinct strains of which persist in certain host species reservoirs within geographically defined regions. the relative temporally conserved nature of certain regions of the rv genome, particularly the n gene, permits development of rapid molecular methods for rv typing. two main strategies have been applied to viral discrimination: (1) restriction fragment length polymorphis ... | 1998 | 9820569 |
| prevention of the spread of rabies to wildlife by oral vaccination of raccoons in massachusetts. | to evaluate the use of bait containing rabies vaccine to create a barrier of rabies-vaccinated raccoons in massachusetts and to determine the effectiveness of various bait distribution strategies in halting the spread of rabies. | 1998 | 9828930 |
| epidemiological surveillance of rabies in lithuania from 1986 to 1996. | rabies has been endemic in lithuania for centuries. the objective of this study was to evaluate rabies incidence and seasonal trends in domestic and wild animals in lithuania from 1986 to 1996. annual rabies reports and data on cattle numbers were collected. descriptive epidemiology and time series data analyses were performed to detect seasonal trends. a total of 1,475 specimens were submitted for rabies testing. of these, 1,248 (84.6%) were confirmed as rabies cases by immunofluorescence antib ... | 1998 | 9850540 |
| viral excretion in domestic ferrets (mustela putorius furo) inoculated with a raccoon rabies isolate. | to determine susceptibility, incubation and morbidity periods, clinical signs of infection, serologic response, and excretion of virus in domestic ferrets inoculated with rabies virus of raccoon origin. | 1998 | 9858418 |
| rabies surveillance in the united states during 1997. | in 1997, 49 states, the district of columbia, and puerto rico reported 8,509 cases of rabies in nonhuman animals and 4 cases in human beings to the centers for disease control and prevention. nearly 93% (7,899) were wild animals, whereas 7% (610) were domestic species. the total number of reported cases increased 19.4% from that of 1996 (7,128 cases). increases were apparent in each of the major species groups, with the exception of cattle. the relative contributions of these groups to the total ... | 1998 | 9861958 |
| trypanosomiasis in raccoons from georgia. | trypanosoma cruzi frequently infects wild mammals in the southern united states but little is known about the effect of the parasite on reservoir hosts such as the raccoon (procyon lotor). to investigate this issue, 30 raccoons trapped on st. catherine's island (georgia, usa) during september, 1994 were tested for t. cruzi infection by examination of wet mounts of fresh blood and by culturing blood in liver infusion tryptose medium. thirteen animals (43%) were found to be infected with t. cruzi. ... | 1998 | 9476234 |
| distribution of sylvatic species of trichinella in estonia according to climate zones. | a survey on trichinellosis among sylvatic and domestic animals from estonia revealed the presence of trichinella nativa (tn), trichinella britovi (tb), and trichinella spiralis (ts). muscle samples were collected from 776 sylvatic and 1,086 domestic animals. muscle larvae from 52 of the 74 positive samples were identified, using random-amplified polymorphic dna analysis; 19 samples showed tn, 27 samples tb, and 4 samples ts. a raccoon dog (nyctereutes procyonoides) and a red fox (vulpes vulpes) ... | 1998 | 9488368 |
| morphology and morphometry of skulls of raccoon dogs, nyctereutes procyonoides and badgers, meles meles. | in order to obtain the basic data to identify the skeletal remains from the archaeological sites, morphological and morphometrical studies were carried out on skulls of living raccoon dogs (35 males and 45 females) and badgers (16 males and 8 females) from kagoshima prefecture. macroscopically, the sexual differences were observed in badgers for the parts of the zygomatic process of the temporal bone and the occipital squama, but were not in raccoon dogs. among 24 cranial measurements, significa ... | 1998 | 9524938 |
| a histometrical study on the long bones of raccoon dogs, nyctereutes procyonoides and badgers, meles meles. | to obtain the data required for identification of skeletal remains excavated from archaeological sites, histometrical observations were made in the cross sections of the mid-shaft of humerus, radius, femur and tibia of raccoon dogs (nyctereutes procyonoides) and badgers (meles meles) captured in kagoshima prefecture. there were interspecific differences between both animals in the breadth, the depth and the area of medullary cavity at the mid-shaft of the bones, all measurements were greater in ... | 1998 | 9560780 |
| large-scale human exposures to rabid or presumed rabid animals in the united states: 22 cases (1990-1996). | to identify common elements of large-scale human exposures to rabid or presumed rabid animals in the united states from 1990 to 1996. | 1998 | 9569151 |
| concurrent rabies and canine distemper encephalitis in a raccoon (procyon lotor). | 1998 | 9576354 |