Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| rabies encephalitis following fox bite--histological and immunohistochemical evaluation of lesions caused by virus. | rabies caused by fox bite is uncommon, most cases being caused by bite of rabid dogs (95%). we report a 45-year-old lady with rabies encephalomyelitis caused by bite of a rabid wild fox (vulpes vulpes), a species prevalent in the deccan plateaus of central india. though foxes are known to be susceptible to rabies, literature on the pathological changes caused by fox bite rabies in humans is scarce. unlike the mild histological alterations described in canine rabies, a florid encephalitic process ... | 2004 | 15584211 |
| karyotype of canine soft tissue sarcomas: a multi-colour, multi-species approach to canine chromosome painting. | many canine tumour types represent useful models for tumours also found in humans. studies of chromosomal abnormalities in canine tumours have been impeded by the complexity of the canine karyotype (2n = 78), which has made accurate identification of rearranged chromosomes difficult and laborious. to overcome this difficulty we have developed a seven-colour paint system for canine chromosomes, with six sets of chromosome paints covering all chromosomes except y. several pairs of canine autosomes ... | 2004 | 15702421 |
| detecting danger--or just another odorant? olfactory sensitivity for the fox odor component 2,4,5-trimethylthiazoline in four species of mammals. | 2,4,5-trimethylthiazoline (tmt) is a volatile component of the anal gland secretion of the red fox and elicits behavioral and physiological fear responses in the rat. using instrumental conditioning paradigms, we determined olfactory detection thresholds for tmt in three rats, a natural prey species of the red fox, and compared their performance to that of three squirrel monkeys, three spider monkeys and four pigtail macaques, all non-prey species of the red fox. we found that the rats were able ... | 2004 | 15708773 |
| field evaluation of an intravital diagnostic test of echinococcus multilocularis infection in red foxes. | echinococcus multilocularis parasitizes the small intestine of red foxes (vulpes vulpes) and other carnivores, and has a wide distribution throughout the northern hemisphere. this cestode is the causative agent of human alveolar echinococcosis, a life-threatening helminth zoonosis. in 2000-2002, 2130 red foxes were examined for its presence in slovakia, with a total prevalence of 30.7%. the data on occurrence were obtained by the combination of necropsy of small intestines from red foxes and cop ... | 2004 | 15725534 |
| first record of trichinella pseudospiralis in the slovak republic found in domestic focus. | infection of trichinella spp. is widespread among wildlife in slovakia and the red fox (vulpes vulpes) is the main reservoir of trichinella britovi. trichinella spiralis has been rarely documented in sylvatic and domestic animals of this country. during routine examination of domestic pigs at the slaughter, trichinella larvae were detected by artificial digestion in a domestic pig of a large-scale breeding farm in eastern slovakia. the parasite has been identified by molecular (pcr) and biochemi ... | 2004 | 15725537 |
| oral vaccination of wildlife against rabies: opportunities and challenges in prevention and control. | rabies is an acute, progressive, fatal encephalitis caused by viruses in the family rhabdoviridae, genus lyssavirus. rabies virus is the representative member of the group. warm-blooded vertebrates are susceptible to experimental infection, but major primary hosts for disease perpetuation encompass bats and mammalian carnivores. the dog is the global reservoir, and important wild carnivores include foxes, raccoons, skunks, and mongoose, among others. traditionally, reliance upon long-term, wides ... | 2004 | 15742629 |
| elimination of terrestrial rabies in western european countries. | since the late 1930s, the red fox (vulpes vulpes) has been the main vector of rabies in europe. practically, decimation of fox population did not prevent the spread of the disease. the only efficient method to control wildlife rabies consisted in using oral vaccination by depositing vaccine baits containing a capsule or a plastic sachet filled with an attenuated anti-rabies liquid vaccine throughout fox habitats. several live virus vaccines have been and are currently being used: the sad b19 and ... | 2004 | 15747421 |
| assessing anti-rabies baiting--what happens on the ground? | rabies is one of the most hazardous zoonoses in the world. oral mass vaccination has developed into the most effective management method to control fox rabies. the future need to control the disease in large countries (i.e. eastern europe and the americas) forces cost-benefit discussions. the 'increase bait density' option refers to the usual management assumption that more baits per km2 could compensate for high fox abundance and override the imperfect supply of bait pieces to the individual fo ... | 2004 | 15113448 |
| the dog genome map and its use in mammalian comparative genomics. | the dog genome organization was extensively studied in the last ten years. the most important achievements are the well-developed marker genome maps, including over 3200 marker loci, and a survey of the dna genome sequence. this knowledge, along with the most advanced map of the human genome, turned out to be very useful in comparative genomic studies. on the one hand, it has promoted the development of marker genome maps of other species of the family canidae (red fox, arctic fox, chinese racco ... | 2004 | 15131351 |
| a marker set for construction of a genetic map of the silver fox (vulpes vulpes). | the silver fox, a variant of the red fox (vulpes vulpes), is a close relative of the dog (canis familiaris). cytogenetic differences and similarities between these species are well understood, but their genomic organizations have not been compared at higher resolution. differences in their behavior also remain unexplained. two silver fox strains demonstrating markedly different behavior have been generated at the institute of cytology and genetics of the russian academy of sciences. foxes select ... | 2004 | 15220384 |
| anaplasma phagocytophilum: an emerging tick-borne pathogen in hungary and central eastern europe. | anaplasma phagocytophilum (formerly ehrlichia phagocytophila, ehrlichia equi and anaplasma phagocytophila) is the causative agent of granulocytic ehrlichiosis (anaplasmosis) in humans, horses, sheep, cattle, dogs and cats. in the present study, 452 european sheep ticks (ixodes ricinus) collected from 100 red foxes (vulpes vulpes) in hungary were tested for the pathogen, as 112 pools each containing five or fewer ticks from one fox. six of the pools, representing ticks from six different foxes, w ... | 2004 | 15228721 |
| effect of selection for behavior on pituitary-adrenal axis and proopiomelanocortin gene expression in silver foxes (vulpes vulpes). | silver foxes from a commercial population (farm bred or unselected for behavior control) and from populations selected for tame behavior and enhanced aggressiveness towards man have been investigated. plasma cortisol and adrenocorticotropic hormone (acth) levels, pituitary acth levels, pomc gene expression in the anterior pituitary, and corticotropin-releasing factor (crf) gene expression in the hypothalamus were assessed. the results indicate that the males from the tame-behavior group have low ... | 2004 | 15276817 |
| cloning and characterization of the bovine testicular ph-20 hyaluronidase core domain. | the core nucleotide sequence of bovine (bos taurus) testicular ph-20 hyaluronidase was cloned using one step rt-pcr. the 5' and 3' regions were cloned separately and a sequence overlap of 124 bp facilitated the fusion of these two fragments by overlapping pcr, resulting in a concatenated sequence of 1422 bp. this nucleotide sequence and its deduced amino acid sequence were compared to homologous sequences from eight other mammal species. the bovine sequences were most similar to those of the pig ... | 2004 | 15289682 |
| testing the biomechanical optimality of the wall thickness of limb bones in the red fox (vulpes vulpes). | the optimum for the ratio k of the internal to external diameter of a marrow-filled tubular bone with minimum mass designed to withstand a given type of strength (yield/fatigue, stiffness, fracture or impact) depends on q = rhom/rhob only, where rhom and rhob are the densities of marrow and bone. with computer-assisted evaluation of radiographs of 62 femurs in the red fox (vulpes vulpes) we measured the values of k. the mean and standard deviation of k are 0.68 and 0.036, and k changes in the ra ... | 2004 | 15336931 |
| corticosteroid treatment does not reactivate canine herpesvirus in red foxes. | to study canine herpesvirus (chv) reactivation from red foxes (vulpes vulpes), 29 foxes with varying chv antibody and chv carrier status were treated with methylprednisolone acetate, a glucocorticosteroid drug with prolonged immunosuppressive effect in dogs. in the first experiment, 17 foxes with unknown chv carrier status were treated once with methylprednisolone: in the second experiment, five foxes were treated twice, 4 mo after being intravenously chv infected; and in the third experiment, s ... | 2004 | 15362823 |
| oral vaccination of captive arctic foxes with lyophilized sag2 rabies vaccine. | arctic foxes (alopex lagopus) were immunized with lyophilized sag2 oral rabies vaccine. the effectiveness of this vaccine was determined by serologic response and survival to challenge by rabies virus isolated from a red fox from alaska (usa). no vaccine virus was found in saliva 1-72 hr after ingestion. at 2 wk after vaccination, all foxes had seroconverted, with rabies virus neutralizing antibody levels of 0.2-3.1 iu ml(-1). all vaccinated foxes survived to week 17 after challenge, and hippoca ... | 2004 | 15362836 |
| characterization and mapping of canine microsatellites isolated from bac clones harbouring dna sequences homologous to seven human genes. | human primers specific for the genes lep, hbb, pax3, esr2, tph1, abca4 and atp2a2 were used to identify clones in a canine bac library. subcloning of the positive bacs in plasmids, screening with microsatellite motifs and subsequent sequencing allowed for the identification of eight novel microsatellites. the presence of the gene of interest was confirmed by sequencing the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) products amplified in the positive bacs. fluorescent in situ hybridization (fish) using the ... | 2004 | 15373746 |
| occurrence of helicobacter infection in the gastric mucosa of free-living red foxes (vulpes vulpes). | we studied gastric helicobacter spp. in five red foxes (vulpes vulpes). samples of stomach from the cardia, corpus, pyloric antrum, and duodenum were subjected to histopathologic, immunohistochemical, and transmission electron microscopy (tem) examination for the presence of helicobacter and gastritis. all foxes had gastric helicobacter-like organisms (ghlos) on examination by light microscopy and tem. gastric helicobacter-like organisms were present in all areas of the stomachs. chronic mild or ... | 2004 | 15465724 |
| epidemiology of alveolar echinococcosis in southern cantal, auvergne region, france. | alveolar echinococcosis (ae) is a helminth zoonosis which is encountered only in the northern hemisphere. in central france, the auvergne region represents the most western and southern extension of this helminthiasis. in 1999, a human case of ae was diagnosed in the southern part of the cantal department, where ae was supposed absent, and an epidemiological survey was subsequently carried out. the transmission of the zoonosis in the sylvatic and peridomestic definitive hosts was studied, as wel ... | 2004 | 15469627 |
| immunological tools for the assessment of both humoral and cellular immune responses in foxes (vulpes vulpes) using ovalbumin and cholera toxin b as an antigenic model. | the immune response in the fox (vulpes vulpes), despite the success of the oral rabies vaccine is not well characterized, and specific immunological tools are needed. to investigate both the humoral and cellular immune response, we used ovalbumin (ova) and cholera toxin b (ctb) as an antigenic model to set-up elisa and elispot antibodies secreting cells (asc) assays in the fox model. identification of antibodies that cross-react with fox immunoglobulin was performed by western blot, and their us ... | 2004 | 15474706 |
| trichinella pseudospiralis foci in sweden. | in sweden, the prevalence of trichinella infection in domestic pigs has greatly decreased since the 1970s, with no reports in the past 4 years. however, infected wild animals continue to be found. the objective of the present study was to identify the species of trichinella present in animals of sweden, so as to contribute to the knowledge on the distribution area and hosts useful for the prevention and control of this zoonosis. in the period 1985-2003, trichinella larvae were detected in the mu ... | 2004 | 15482889 |
| predation risk and longevity influence variation in fitness of female roe deer (capreolus capreolus l.). | we studied the effects of population density, red fox predation risk, individual body mass and longevity on female fitness in a free-ranging roe deer population. during the study, population density varied from 9.3 to 36.1 deer km(-2), and red fox abundance varied strongly over years owing to a sarcoptic mange outbreak. in support of our predictions, long-lived females had higher fitness than short-lived ones. further, fortunate female roe deer that gave birth in years of low red fox abundance a ... | 2004 | 15504011 |
| processes leading to a spatial aggregation of echinococcus multilocularis in its natural intermediate host microtus arvalis. | the small fox tapeworm (echinococcus multilocularis) shows a heterogeneous spatial distribution in the intermediate host (microtus arvalis). to identify the ecological processes responsible for this heterogeneity, we developed a spatially explicit simulation model. the model combines individual-based (foxes, vulpes vulpes) and grid-based (voles) techniques to simulate the infections in both intermediate and definite host. if host populations are homogeneously mixed, the model reproduces field da ... | 2004 | 14711588 |
| a phylogenetic analysis of basal metabolism, total evaporative water loss, and life-history among foxes from desert and mesic regions. | we measured basal metabolic rate (bmr) and total evaporative water loss (tewl) of species of foxes that exist on the arabian peninsula, blanford's fox (vulpes cana) and two subspecies of red fox (vulpes vulpes). combining these data with that on other canids from the literature, we searched for specialization of physiological traits among desert foxes using both conventional least squares regression and regressions based on phylogenetic independent contrasts. further, we explored the consequence ... | 2004 | 14564467 |
| secondary poisoning of eagles following intentional poisoning of coyotes with anticholinesterase pesticides in western canada. | records of eagles, coyotes (canis latrans), and red foxes (vulpes vulpes) necropsied at the western college of veterinary medicine, saskatoon, saskatchewan, canada, between 1967 and 2002 were reviewed for cases suggestive of anticholinesterase poisoning. from 1993 to 2002, 54 putative poisoning incidents involving 70 bald eagles (haliaeetus leucocephalus) and 10 golden eagles (aquila chrysaetus) were identified. of these, 50 incidents occurred in saskatchewan, two were in manitoba, and one occur ... | 2004 | 15362815 |
| long-term patterns in european brown hare population dynamics in denmark: effects of agriculture, predation and climate. | in denmark and many other european countries, harvest records suggest a marked decline in european brown hare numbers, a decline often attributed to the agricultural practice. in the present study, we analyse the association between agricultural land-use, predator abundance and winter severity on the number of european brown hares harvested in denmark in the years 1955 through 2000. | 2004 | 15479472 |
| the scanning electron microscopic study of lingual papillae in the silver fox (vulpes vulpes fulva, desmarest, 1820). | the tongues of adult silver foxes were studied using scanning electron microscopy. five types of lingual papillae were found on the dorsal surface of the tongue. the most numerous papillae were filiform papillae covering the apex and body of the tongue. the filiform papillae on the anterior part of the tongue are divided into 1 main and 10-12 accessory processes. in the posterior part of the body of the tongue the number of accessory processes is reduced. fungiform papillae are located between t ... | 2004 | 15125050 |
| stepwise mutation likelihood computation by sequential importance sampling in subdivided population models. | an importance sampling algorithm for computing the likelihood of a sample of genes at loci under a stepwise mutation model in a subdivided population is developed. this allows maximum likelihood estimation of migration rates between subpopulations. the time to the most recent common ancestor of the sample can also be computed. the technique is illustrated by an analysis of a data set of australian red fox populations. | 2005 | 15890376 |
| seminal concentration of trace elements in fox and relationships to spermatozoa quality. | concentrations of copper, zinc, iron, cadmium, lead, and nickel in the semen of foxes (vulpes vulpes, n = 10), microscopic analysis of occurrence of pathological spermatozoa, and correlations of these elements with pathological forms were studied. samples were analyzed by using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. for analysis of pathological spermatozoa semen samples fixed with hancock's solution and stained with giemsa were prepared. for each fox at least 1000 spermatozoa were evaluated. th ... | 2005 | 15887577 |
| superficial necrolytic dermatitis associated with hepatic lipidosis in a red fox (vulpes vulpes). | 2005 | 15675528 | |
| igg4 response to fur animal allergens among fur workers. | the aim of this study was to determine whether igg(4) antibodies to allergens in urine extracts from fur animals associated with positive prick tests to the same allergens and with the occurrence of respiratory symptoms among fur workers, especially among highly exposed fur farmers. | 2005 | 15592872 |
| comparative aspects of sperm membrane fatty acid composition in silver (vulpes vulpes) and blue (alopex lagopus) foxes, and their relationship to cell cryopreservation. | cryogenic protocols have been developed for the storage of farmed silver fox (vulpes vulpes) spermatozoa. however, these same protocols and modifications of these protocols have failed to satisfactorily preserve spermatozoa collected from farmed blue foxes (alopex lagopus). because cryogenic success has been linked to membrane composition, the plasma membrane lipid composition of farmed blue fox and silver fox spermatozoa was studied. silver fox spermatozoal membranes have significantly higher l ... | 2005 | 16040024 |
| identification of a new, testis-specific sperm antigen localized on the principal piece of the spermatozoa tail in the fox (vulpes vulpes). | fox (vulpes vulpes) sperm antigens were identified to assess them as a potential target for a contraceptive vaccine. we report here the cloning and sequencing of fsp13, a fox sperm protein of 97 kda. the fsp13 protein was both auto- and iso-antigenic in foxes; it was recognized by sera of foxes immunized with fox sperm proteins and vasectomized foxes. the nh2-terminal sequence of fsp13 was determined, and a piece of cdna was amplified from testicular rna by reverse transcription polymerase chain ... | 2005 | 15509732 |
| epizootiologic investigations of parvovirus infections in free-ranging carnivores from germany. | to assess if wild carnivores in germany play a role in the epizootiology of canine parvovirus (cpv) infection, seroprevalences against cpv in free-ranging carnivores (n=1,496) from selected urban and rural areas were compared. antibodies against cpv were found in sera from red foxes (vulpes vulpes; 136 of 1,442; 9%), raccoon dogs (nyctereutes procyonides; two of 33; 6%), stone martens (martes foina; four of 13; 31%), and pine martens (martes martes; one of two) using the hemagglutination-inhibit ... | 2005 | 15827228 |
| endemic alveolar echinococcosis in southern belgium? | until now, belgium has been considered as a low-risk country for alveolar echinococcosis. however it was recently demonstrated by necropsy series that, in some parts of southern belgium (wallonia), up to 51% of the red foxes (vulpes vulpes) may be infected by e. multilocaris. the authors, working in a university hospital in southern belgium, described in 2002 the first autochthonous belgian case of hepatic alveolar echinococcosis. more importantly, in 2004, they diagnosed three other patients wi ... | 2005 | 15832579 |
| epidemiological aspects of canine visceral leishmaniosis in the islamic republic of iran. | an epidemiological study to examine the sero-prevalence of zoonotic visceral leishmaniosis (zvl) among domestic and wild canines in endemic foci of iran was carried out during 1999-2003 to assess the distribution of the disease and the possible association between infection in dogs, wild canines and people. anti-leishmanial antibodies were detected by the direct agglutination test (dat). parasitological study was performed for all captured wild canines and were detected in some of the seropositi ... | 2005 | 15845279 |
| the proto-oncogene c-kit maps to canid b-chromosomes. | plant and animal karyotypes sometimes contain variable elements, that are referred to as additional or b-chromosomes. it is generally believed that b-chromosomes lack major genes and represent parasitic and selfish elements of a genome. here we report, for the first time, the localization of a gene to b-chromosomes of mammals: red fox (vulpes vulpes) and two subspecies of raccoon dog (nyctereutes procyonoides). identification of the proto-oncogene c-kit on b-chromosomes of two canidae species th ... | 2005 | 15861301 |
| rediscovery of trichinella spiralis in red foxes (vulpes vulpes) in ireland after 30 years of oblivion. | to determine whether or not ireland can be considered as trichinella-free, after more than 30 years of no reported infections in domestic and sylvatic animals and in humans. | 2005 | 15603842 |
| complex interactions among mammalian carnivores in australia, and their implications for wildlife management. | mammalian carnivore populations are often intensively managed, either because the carnivore in question is endangered, or because it is viewed as a pest and is subjected to control measures, or both. most management programmes treat carnivore species in isolation. however, there is a large and emerging body of evidence to demonstrate that populations of different carnivores interact with each other in a variety of complex ways. thus, the removal or introduction of predators to or from a system c ... | 2005 | 16094805 |
| tmt-induced autonomic and behavioral changes and the neural basis of its processing. | one of the main interests in the field of neuroscience is the investigation of the neural basis of fear. during recent years, an increasing number of studies have used trimethylthiazoline (tmt), a component of red fox feces, as a stimulus to induce fear in predator naive rats, mice, and voles. the aim of the present review is to summarize these studies. we present an overview to the autonomic and behavioral changes that are induced by tmt exposure. then, we summarize the small number of studies ... | 2005 | 16099043 |
| diseases and mortality in free-ranging brown bear (ursus arctos), gray wolf (canis lupus), and wolverine (gulo gulo) in sweden. | ninety-eight brown bears (ursus arctos), 20 gray wolves (canis lupus), and 27 wolverines (gulo gulo), all free-ranging, were submitted to the national veterinary institute, uppsala, sweden, during 1987-2001 for investigation of diseases and causes of mortality. the most common cause of natural death in brown bears was infanticide. infanticide also was observed in wolverines but not in wolves. traumatic injuries, originating from road or railway accidents, were the most common cause of death in w ... | 2005 | 16107663 |
| bovine tuberculosis in a free ranging red fox (vulpes vulpes) from doñana national park (spain). | during 1997 and 1998, a survey of iberian carnivores was conducted to study the epidemiology of bovine tuberculosis in the doñana national park and surrounding areas in southwestern spain. post-mortem examinations were done on seven red foxes (vulpes vulpes), two egyptian mongoose (herpestes ichneumon), one weasel (mustela nivalis), two genets (genetta genetta), one iberian lynx (lynx pardinus), one eurasian badger (meles meles), and two polecats (mustela putorius). lesions suggestive of bovine ... | 2005 | 16107680 |
| seasonal 4-year investigation into the role of the alpine marmot (marmota marmota) as a carrier of zoophilic dermatophytes. | two hundred and six samples of alpine marmot (mamota marmota) hair (148 from adults and 58 from young subjects), 102 soil samples from the entrances to the burrows of the above individuals and 20 control specimens (obtained from adjoining areas away from the burrow systems where the rodents are not usually present) were examined from may 1994 to september 1997. seventy-five isolates belonging to six species of dermatophytes were found in 69 of the 206 hair samples examined (33.5%). two species w ... | 2005 | 16110784 |
| a canine x chromosome painting probe applied to four canid species: close relationship of a heterochromatic-like sequence between the dog and the blue fox. | microdissection of chromosomes is an invaluable tool to physically isolate single chromosomes, chromosome-arms or chromosome-bands and, subsequently generate painting probes with which numerical or structural aberrations of chromosomes can be studied. in addition, such painting probes can be used to compare karyotypic relationships among mammalian species. for the present study a canine whole x chromosome painting probe was prepared by means of conventional microdissection and degenerate-oligonu ... | 2005 | 16130457 |
| red fox (vulpes vulpes) cannibalistic behaviour and the prevalence of trichinella britovi in nw italian alps. | food habits of the red fox (vulpes vulpes) were studied in the aosta valley region (nw italian alps) and were related to the prevalence of trichinella infection in the red fox itself and in two mustelid species (the stone marten (martes foina) and the badger (meles meles)). the search of trichinella by the automatic digestion of muscles samples led us to determine a prevalence of 3.5+/-1.2% in red foxes, 7.9+/-4.3% in stone martens and 1.9+/-1.8% in badgers, with no significant differences among ... | 2005 | 16151732 |
| a molecular phylogeny of the canidae based on six nuclear loci. | we have reconstructed the phylogenetic relationships of 23 species in the dog family, canidae, using dna sequence data from six nuclear loci. individual gene trees were generated with maximum parsimony (mp) and maximum likelihood (ml) analysis. in general, these individual gene trees were not well resolved, but several identical groupings were supported by more than one locus. phylogenetic analysis with a data set combining the six nuclear loci using mp, ml, and bayesian approaches produced a mo ... | 2005 | 16213754 |
| distribution of crenosoma vulpis and eucoleus aerophilus in the lung of free-ranging red foxes (vulpes vulpes). | crenosoma vulpis and eucoleus aerophilus are nematode parasites that can cause verminous pneumonia in wild carnivores. there is a paucity of information regarding the distribution of parasites in the lungs and the relationship between histopathological and parasitological diagnoses in naturally infected foxes. the objectives of this study were: first, to study the lobar and airway distribution of c. vulpis and e. aerophilus in wild red foxes and second, to investigate the relationship between fe ... | 2005 | 16312245 |
| cloning and sequencing of cdna encoding for the testis-specific fox (vulpes vulpes) sperm polypeptide vb of the cytochrome c oxidase. | identification of fox (vulpes vulpes) sperm antigens was carried out to assess their interest as a potential target for a contraceptive vaccine. we report here the cloning and sequencing of fsp8, a fox sperm protein of 14.7 kd. fsp8 was isoantigenic in foxes, as it was recognized by sera of both male and female foxes immunized with fox sperm proteins. no glycosylation was detected, on fsp8, as shown both by deglycosylation assay and lectin labeling. to determine the fsp8 sequence, the nh2-termin ... | 2005 | 15866998 |
| status of oral rabies vaccination in wild carnivores in the united states. | persistence of multiple variants of rabies virus in wild chiroptera and carnivora presents a continuing challenge to medical, veterinary and wildlife management professionals. oral rabies vaccination (orv) targeting specific carnivora species has emerged as an integral adjunct to conventional rabies control strategies to protect humans and domestic animals. orv has been applied with progress toward eliminating rabies in red foxes (vulpes vulpes) in western europe and southern ontario, canada. mo ... | 2005 | 15896404 |
| [surveillance on severe acute respiratory syndrome associated coronavirus in animals at a live animal market of guangzhou in 2004]. | to study the prevalence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov) like virus in animals at a live animal market of guanzhou in 2004 before and after culling of wild animal action taken by the local authority, in order to predict the re-emerging of sars from animal originals in this region. | 2005 | 15921605 |
| intestinal establishment and reproduction of adult trichinella spp. in single and mixed species infections in foxes (vulpes vulpes). | intestinal establishment and reproduction of adult trichinella spiralis, trichinella nativa, trichinella britovi and trichinella pseudospiralis were examined as single species or mixed species infections in foxes. this is the first study of intestinal dynamics of trichinella spp. in a carnivore model and the results suggest that the intestinal phase is relatively short as only very few worms were recovered 10 days post-inoculation (dpi). in mixed species infection with equal doses of t. nativa a ... | 2005 | 15925724 |
| studies on vertical transmission of trichinella spp. in experimentally infected ferrets (mustela putorius furo), foxes (vulpes vulpes), pigs, guinea pigs and mice. | vertical transmission of trichinella spiralis was evaluated in ferrets (n=21), foxes (n=11), pigs (n=12), guinea pigs (n=16), and mice (n=41). the placental barrier to be crossed by migratory trichinella larvae varies structurally in different animal species. ferrets and foxes have an endotheliochorial placenta structure, guinea pigs and mice a haemochorial, and pigs an epitheliochorial placenta. the non-encapsulating trichinella pseudospiralis larvae have an extended muscle migration prior to e ... | 2005 | 15925725 |
| toxocara canis in experimentally infected silver and arctic foxes. | in two experiments, thirty-six farm foxes of two species were inoculated with various doses of infective toxocara canis eggs or tissue larvae isolated from mice. in experiment i, six adult arctic foxes (alopex lagopus; 11-month old) were each inoculated with 20,000 eggs and sacrificed 100, 220, or 300 days post infection (dpi), while ten silver fox cubs (vulpes vulpes; 6-9-week old) were infected with varying doses of eggs (30-3000) and necropsied 120 dpi. in experiment ii, two groups of five cu ... | 2005 | 15986242 |
| prevalence of serum antibodies to canine adenovirus and canine herpesvirus in the european red fox (vulpes vulpes) in australia. | to determine the seroprevalence and aspects of the epidemiology of canine adenovirus (cadv) and canine herpesvirus (cahv-1) in european red foxes (vulpes vulpes) in australia. | 2005 | 15986915 |
| echinococcus multilocularis in red foxes (vulpes vulpes) of the italian alpine region: is there a focus of autochthonous transmission? | alveolar echinococcosis, caused by the metacestode of echinococcus multilocularis, is a zoonosis with a wider distribution area than described in the past. fox populations living in the alpine regions of italy had been considered free from this parasite until 2002, when two infected foxes (vulpes vulpes) were detected in the bolzano province (trentino alto adige region) near the austrian border. the aim of this work was to evaluate the prevalence of infection in red fox populations from five ita ... | 2005 | 15998516 |
| cardiopulmonary helminth parasites of red foxes (vulpes vulpes) in catalonia, northeastern spain. | 2005 | 15683774 | |
| echinococcus multlocularis infections of rural, residential and urban foxes (vulpes vulpes) in the canton of geneva, switzerland. | we examined 267 red foxes (vulpes vulpes) from the canton of geneva, switzerland, for intestinal infections with echinococcus multilocularis. this region is situated in the core area of the endemic range of this zoonotic cestode in central europe. several factors were taken into account and urbanisation level appeared to be the most explicative to describe observed differences. the prevalence decreased significantly from rural and residential areas (prevalence of 52%, ci 43-62%, and 49%, ci 38-5 ... | 2005 | 16402566 |
| [the occurrence of intestinal nematodes in red foxes in the western pomerania]. | in the period from november 2004 to march 2005 the prevalence of gastro-intestinal nematodes of 165 foxes (vulpes vulpes l.) from the pomerania region was examined. these parasites were found in 66.1% of examined foxes. toxocara canis was the most frequent parasite and was observed in 33.9% of examined animals. toxascaris leonina was found in 1.2%, uncinaria stenocephala in 25.5%, ancylostoma caninum in 6.7 and trichuris vulpis in 10.3% of the examined foxes. | 2005 | 16913531 |
| [red fox (vulpes vulpes) as reservoir of parasites and source of zoonosis]. | red fox (vulpes vulpes) as reservoir of parasites and source of zoonosis. this review presents data from europe and poland on the prevalence of helminth and protozoan parasites in red foxes (vulpes vulpes). the most common nematodes were geohelminths: uncinaria stenocephala, toxocara canis and toxocara leonina. as concerning trichinella genus t. britovi was found more often than t. spiralis. among tapeworms the following species were recorded: mesocestoides lineatus, taenia sp., and echinococcus ... | 2005 | 16838621 |
| control of rabies in slovenia. | red foxes (vulpes vulpes) are the main reservoir of rabies in slovenia, whereas cases of rabies in other wildlife species occur sporadically. in 1995, a program of oral vaccination of wildlife in slovenia was initiated; baits with oral vaccine were distributed by air at a density of 20 baits/km(2). during 1995, when the oral vaccination program was started, 1,089 cases of rabies (including both wild and domestic animals) were reported. five years later (1999), only six positive animals were dete ... | 2006 | 16870876 |
| spatial spreading of echinococcus multilocularis in red foxes (vulpes vulpes) across nation borders in western europe. | the occurrence of the fox tapeworm echinococcus multilocularis in red foxes was studied in belgium and a neighbouring region in the netherlands. a total number of 1202 foxes were analysed (1018 in belgium and 184 in the netherlands) of which 179 were infected with e. multilocularis (164 in belgium and 15 in the netherlands). further, the spatial distribution of infection among sampled foxes was analysed with an ellipsoidal gradient, demonstrating a decreasing prevalence in northwestern direction ... | 2006 | 16872702 |
| rabies in europe--trends and developments. | rabies continues to be a major public health concern both in europe and worldwide. in the greater part of the european continent the disease has been eradicated, or its incidence drastically reduced, by oral vaccination of wildlife reservoirs. yet, 'hot spots' still remain in north-eastern and south-eastern europe with a high temporal variation of disease distribution in the previous decade. rabies is predominantly transmitted by the red fox; but in recent years, especially in eastern european c ... | 2006 | 16878461 |
| the diversity of rabies virus in russia demonstrated by anti-nucleocapsid monoclonal antibody application and limited gene sequencing. | a comparative analysis of anti-nucleocapsid monoclonal antibody (n-mab) reaction profiles and dna sequences was performed on 97 selected rabies virus (rabv) isolates from russia and neighbouring states. a panel of 73 n-mab from the wistar institute (philadelphia, pa, usa), veterinary laboratories agency (weybridge, uk) and p-41 (tübingen, germany) was used. the sequence of a 400 bp fragment of the n gene was generated for all available isolates and a phylogenetic analysis of the fragment was car ... | 2006 | 16878463 |
| means used for terrestrial rabies elimination in france and policy for rabies surveillance in case of re-emergence. | in france, the first case of wildlife rabies was detected in 1968, with the red fox (vulpes vulpes) as reservoir and vector of terrestrial rabies. the last case was reported at the end of 1998. the maximum infected area amounted to 140,000 km2 in 1989 with a record number of 4,213 infected wild and domestic animals. the contaminated areas included various landscapes such as low populated farming areas and low mountainous areas as well as very densely populated areas and industrial areas contiguo ... | 2006 | 16878468 |
| rabies vaccination programme for red foxes (vulpes vulpes) and golden jackals (canis aureus) in israel (1999-2004). | since 1956, red foxes (vulpes vulpes) and, to a lesser extent, golden jackals (canis aureus), have been the primary vectors maintaining endemic wildlife rabies in israel. starting in the autumn of 1998, oral rabies vaccination campaigns have been conducted in israel targeting these two wildlife species, with increasing yearly geographical extension. significant data have been accumulated from an area of approximately 5,200 km2 in northern israel. in the spring of 2003 the project was extended to ... | 2006 | 16878470 |
| elimination of rabies in the czech republic. | rabies in foxes was widespread in the territory of the czech republic after the second world war. the first three cases of fox rabies appeared in north and south bohemia in 1947. in the following year, a considerable increase in rabies incidence was reported and of the 146 cases, 106 (74 %) of the 117 wildlife cases were in foxes. rabies in foxes and other wild animals was verified in many border czech and moravian districts. sylvatic rabies was established in the czech republic and persisted th ... | 2006 | 16878471 |
| cross reactive antigenicity in orally vaccinated foxes and raccoon dogs against european bat lyssavirus type 1 and 2. | for the first time, the effectiveness of oral rabies vaccines against european bat lyssaviruses type 1 (eblv-1) and type 2 (eblv-2) by means of cross-neutralization assays was investigated. sera from orally vaccinated red foxes (vulpes vulpes) and raccoon dogs (nyctereutes procyonoides) with the street alabama dufferin (sad) b19 and sad p5/88 live-modified vaccine viruses were used to study the cross reactive antigenicity against cvs-11 (genotype 1), eblv-1 (genotype 5) and eblv-2 (genotype 6). ... | 2006 | 16878477 |
| echinococcus multilocularis in north italy. | alveolar echinococcosis is a zoonotic infection caused by the metacestode of the tapeworm echinococcus multilocularis. fox populations living in the alpine regions of italy had been considered free from this parasite until 2002, when two infected foxes were detected in bolzano province (trentino alto adige region) near austrian border. a modified nested pcr analysis was used to detect e. multilocularis dna in faecal samples belonging to red fox populations from five italian regions. a total of 5 ... | 2006 | 16881394 |
| temporal distribution of ixodes ricinus, dermacentor reticulatus and haemaphysalis concinna in hungary. | a survey was carried out over a 4-year period to describe the temporal distribution of three 'anthropophilic' tick species, ixodes ricinus, dermacentor reticulatus and haemaphysalis concinna in hungary. altogether 4658 adult ticks belonging to the three species were collected from 1931 red foxes (vulpes vulpes) killed in an area of about 70,000 km(2) representing all major climatic areas of the country. the seasonal activity of the three species was different. i. ricinus ticks were most active b ... | 2006 | 16919880 |
| echinococcus multilocularis in the red fox vulpes vulpes from the east carpathian region of poland and the slovak republic. | the occurrence of echinococcus multilocularis in the poland-slovak frontier zone of the east carpathian region was assessed, for comparison with that in adjacent regions in both countries. a total of 392 red foxes from poland and 427 red foxes from the slovak republic were examined from 2001 to 2004. significant differences in prevalences were observed in foxes captured from the borderland and adjacent zones in both countries. the mean prevalence of e. multilocularis in the polish borderland rea ... | 2006 | 16923266 |
| [bromadiolone poisoning in foxes]. | bromadiolone is an anticoagulant rodenticide that inhibits the reactivation of vitamin k1 by the enzyme vitamin k1-epoxide reductase. the present case report originated from the application of bromadiolone against water voles (arvicola terrestris) in northeastern switzerland. at least 40 foxes (vulpes vulpes) were found dead after the inappropriate use of a bait that contained 0.02 % bromadiolone. anticoagulant rodenticide poisoning was suspected on the basis of the postmortem examination and su ... | 2006 | 16933704 |
| persistence of antibodies in blood and body fluids in decaying fox carcasses, as exemplified by antibodies against microsporum canis. | to assist in evaluating serological test results from dead animals, 10 silver foxes (vulpes vulpes) and 10 blue foxes (alopex lagopus), 6 of each species previously vaccinated against and all challenged with microsporum canis, were blood sampled and euthanased. fox carcasses were stored at +10 degrees c, and autopsy was performed on days 0, 2, 4, 7, and 11 post mortem during which samples from blood and/or body fluid from the thoracic cavity were collected. antibodies against m. canis were measu ... | 2006 | 16987389 |
| hepatopulmonary fistula caused by alveolar echinococcosis: report of a case. | alveolar echinococcosis is a parasitosis endemic to red fox habitats in the northern hemisphere. the liver is the most commonly affected organ, followed by the lungs. we report the case of an elderly woman with hepatic alveolar echinococcosis (hae) complicated by a hepatopulmonary fistula. we performed a one-stage operation for the hepatic and pulmonary lesions through the transdiaphragmatic route via a laparotomy. we report this case to emphasize that the first-line treatment for a hepatopulmon ... | 2006 | 16998692 |
| selective predation on utah prairie dogs. | predation always affects demography and population dynamics, but removal of certain types of individuals is especially consequential. predators strike quickly and commonly avoid areas with human observers, however, and thereby make it difficult to document patterns of predation under natural conditions. at a colony of marked utah prairie dogs (cynomys parvidens), a high frequency of predation in 2005 provided an unusual opportunity to examine susceptibility of five types of individuals to predat ... | 2006 | 17004225 |
| parasites of carnivorous mammals in białowieza primeval forest. | although the parasitofauna of wild carnivorous mammals in poland is quite well recognized, there has been only one research carried on this issue so far in białowieza forest--the last lowland primeval forest of temperate zone in europe. | 2006 | 17007336 |
| trichinella nativa and trichinella t9 in the hokkaido island, japan. | trichinella sp. muscle larvae were isolated from the thigh muscle of two red foxes (vulpes vulpes) captured in sapporo and otofuke, hokkaido, japan, in 2003. multiplex pcr designed for genotyping the genus trichinella revealed that the sapporo isolate showed a specific pattern to t. britovi complex (t. britovi, trichinella t8 and trichinella t9) and the otofuke isolate showed that to t. nativa. nucleotide sequences of a part of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit i (coi) gene and intern ... | 2006 | 17049300 |
| evaluation of a serological test (indirect elisa) for the diagnosis of sarcoptic mange in red foxes (vulpes vulpes). | sarcoptic mange occurs in many parts of the world and is common in populations of domestic and wild canids, including red foxes (vulpes vulpes). in recent years, an indirect antibody enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), with higher sensitivity and specificity than traditional diagnostic methods, has been successfully applied in the diagnosis of sarcoptic mange in dogs. the same elisa has also demonstrated specific antibodies to sarcoptes scabiei in experimentally infected red foxes. the ai ... | 2006 | 17083572 |
| antibodies to mycobacterium bovis in wild carnivores from doñana national park (spain). | we conducted a retrospective serologic survey for antibodies against the mpb70 protein of mycobacterium bovis in wild carnivores from doñana national park (southwestern spain). serum samples from 118 red foxes (vulpes vulpes), 39 iberian lynx (lynx pardinus), 31 eurasian badgers (meles meles), five egyptian mongoose (herpestes ichneumon), four european genet (genetta genetta), and one eurasian otter (lutra lutra) were analyzed using an indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunoassay. antibodies a ... | 2006 | 17092907 |
| red fox (vulpes vulpes) a new host species for acanthocefalan moniliformis moniliformis (bremser, 1811) in poland. | acanthocephalan moniliformis moniliformis is a parasite of rodents, rarely also reported from carnivorous mammals. one female specimen of this parasite has been found in the small intestine of red fox vulpes vulpes. it is the first report about this species invading the red fox in poland. | 2006 | 17120996 |
| morphology of the lingual papillae in the raccoon dog and fox. | the dorsal lingual surfaces of the raccoon dogs (nyctereutes procyonoides) and fox (vulpes vulpes japonica) were examined by scanning electron microscopical (sem) observations. the distribution and type of the lingual papillae found in the raccoon dog were similar to those in the fox. filiform, fungiform, foliate and vallate papillae were observed. the filiform papillae were distributed over the entire dosal surface of the tongue. each filiform papilla on the apical surface of the tongue had sev ... | 2006 | 17154050 |
| population dynamics and epidemiology of toxocara canis in danish red foxes. | toxocara canis, an intestinal helminth of canids with zoonotic potential, was found in 618 (59%) of 1,040 red foxes (vulpes vulpes) collected from all danish provinces (1997-2002). the prevalence and average worm burden were significantly higher for cubs than older foxes and in males than in females. a multiple logistic regression demonstrated that the prevalence was influenced significantly by sex and age of foxes in addition to location, season, and year of collection. the highest prevalence a ... | 2006 | 17304794 |
| neospora caninum-like oocysts observed in feces of free-ranging red foxes (vulpes vulpes) and coyotes (canis latrans). | the aim of this study was to examine the feces of free-ranging foxes and coyotes for the presence of neospora caninum oocysts. feces were collected from 271 foxes and 185 coyotes in the canadian province of prince edward island, processed by sucrose flotation, and examined by light microscopy for the presence of coccidian oocysts. in 2 fox and 2 coyote samples, oocysts morphologically and morphometrically similar to oocysts of n. caninum were observed. dna was extracted from these samples and su ... | 2006 | 17304805 |
| [wild and domestic animals as permanent trichinella reservoir in poland]. | [corrected] since owen first described trichinella as a human patogen in 1835, the number of organisms comprising this genus has grown dramatically. this etiological agent of human trichinellosis shows worldwide distribution in domestic and/or sylvatic animals. | 2006 | 17432240 |
| analysis of the epidemiological factors influencing vulpine trichinellosis in ecologically different regions of slovakia. | in the slovak republic, trichinellosis circulates almost exclusively in the sylvatic cycle, with main reservoir host red fox and wild boar and sporadic occurrence of human outbreaks. a detailed study was performed in five ecologically different regions of eastern slovakia with more profound regard to eco-geographical and anthropogenic influences to natural fox habitat. | 2006 | 17432245 |
| [molecular and morphological comparison of hookworms from genus uncinaria invading red fox (vulpes vulpes) and dog (canis familiaris)]. | two species of hookworms from genus uncinaria have been found so far in poland. uncinaria stenocephala infects mainly dog, wolf and red fox, whereas uncinaria criniformis is a parasite of mustelids (but it was also reported from red fox). 19 male and 29 female hookworms from red foxes have been compared with 10 male and 12 female worms from dogs. hookworms from dogs were generally smaller than these from foxes, but no other morphological differences could be found. these hookworms were qualified ... | 2006 | 17432625 |
| prevalence of sarcocystis spp. in two subspecies of caribou (rangifer tarandus) in newfoundland and labrador, and foxes (vulpes vulpes), wolves (canis lupus), and husky dogs (canis familiaris) as potential definitive hosts. | a study was conducted to determine the prevalence and geographical distribution of sarcocystis spp. infecting 2 subspecies of caribou (rangifer tarandus) inhabiting newfoundland and labrador and its potential definitive hosts. muscle samples of caribou were obtained, primarily from hunters, and feces of red foxes (vulpes vulpes) and wolves (canis lupus), from trappers, and husky dogs (canis familiaris), from owners. histological sections of muscle and flotation methods for feces were used for pa ... | 2006 | 16884021 |
| organochlorine and heavy-metal contaminants in wild mammals and birds of urbino-pesaro province, italy: an analytic overview for potential bioindicators. | tissue samples from 56 bird and 11 mammal species of different trophic levels, collected from 1994 to 1995 from the urbino-pesaro area in the marche region of central italy, were analyzed for the presence of organochlorine compounds (polychlorinated biphenyls and p,p'-dde) and heavy metals (pb, cd, cr, and hg). results revealed interspecies differences in pollutant residue concentrations. a clear relationship between contaminant and trophic levels emerged depending on several factors specific to ... | 2006 | 16418892 |
| low seroprevalence of antibodies to neospora caninum in wild canids in israel. | the role of domestic dogs in the epidemiology of neospora caninum as well as the relationship between n. caninum infection of farm dogs and cattle were demonstrated, however, evidence is scarce regarding the role of wild canids in domestic animal neosporosis. the present study was undertaken to evaluate the role of wild canids in the epidemiology of bovine neosporosis in israel by analyzing the prevalence of antibodies to n. caninum in wild canids. sera samples were collected from 114 free rangi ... | 2006 | 16436314 |
| pcr detection of neospora caninum, toxoplasma gondii and encephalitozoon cuniculi in brains of wild carnivores. | neospora caninum, toxoplasma gondii and encephalitozoon cuniculi are important pathogens with affinity to the central nervous system of many animals. 240 brains of wild carnivores were examined by pcr-based diagnosis. the presence of n. caninum dna was confirmed in 4.61% (7/152) red foxes (vulpes vulpes). dna of t. gondii was found in 4.92% (3/61) martens (martes sp.) and in 1.32% (2/152) red foxes. dna of e. cuniculi was determined in 3.28% (2/61) martens and in one examined european otter (lut ... | 2006 | 16472923 |
| geographic variation in body size: the effects of ambient temperature and precipitation. | latitudinal trends in body size have been explained as a response to temperature- or water-related factors, which are predictors of primary production. we used the first principal component calculated from three body parameters (weight, body length and the greatest length of the skull) of a sample of mammals from israel and sinai to determine those species that vary in size geographically, and whether such variation is related to annual rainfall, average minimum january temperature and average m ... | 2006 | 16525785 |
| epidemiological investigations on trichinella infections in farmed fur animals of estonia. | farming of fur animals represents an important income in estonia. even though trichinella worms does not induce a symptomatic disease in carnivores, the carcasses of skinned animals can increase the biomass of the parasite in the environment, if they are not properly destroyed. the aim of the present survey was to study the prevalence of trichinella worms in farmed fur animals of estonia. of 281 muscle samples from blue foxes (alopex lagopus), silver foxes (vulpes vulpes fulva), minks (mustela v ... | 2006 | 16564631 |
| helminths of red foxes (vulpes vulpes) in denmark. | an epidemiological study of helminths in 1040 red foxes collected from various localities in denmark during 1997-2002, revealed 21 helminth species at autopsy, including nine nematode species: capillaria plica (prevalence 80.5%), capillaria aerophila (74.1%), crenosoma vulpis (17.4%), angiostrongylus vasorum (48.6% from northern zealand (endemic area)), toxocara canis (59.4%), toxascaris leonina (0.6%), uncinaria stenocephala (68.6%), ancylostoma caninum (0.6%), and trichuris vulpis (0.5%); seve ... | 2006 | 16580775 |
| remarkable findings concerning pbdes in the terrestrial top-predator red fox (vulpes vulpes). | in the present study, we have analyzed muscle, liver, and adipose tissue of 33 red foxes from belgium for their content of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (pbdes). median sums of seven tri- to hepta-bdes (bde 28, bde 47, bde 99, bde 100, bde 153, bde 154, and bde 183) were 2.2, 2.4, and 3.4 ng/g lipid weight in adipose tissue, liver, and muscle, respectively. these levels were lower than those found in various species of voles and mice, the main prey species of the red fox. this is probably relat ... | 2006 | 16719094 |
| heterogeneity within the hemagglutinin genes of canine distemper virus (cdv) strains detected in italy. | canine distemper virus (cdv) is a highly contagious viral pathogen causing lethal disease in dogs and other mammalians. a high degree of genetic variation is found between recent cdv strains and the old cdv isolates used in the vaccines and such genetic variation is regarded as a possible cause of the increasing number of cdv-related diseases in dogs. the h gene shows the greatest extent of genetic variation that allows for distinction of various lineages, according to a geographical pattern of ... | 2006 | 16730927 |
| cyp2d-related metabolism in animals of the canoidea superfamily - species differences. | cyp2d-related drug metabolism in liver microsomes from animals of the canoidea super family, i.e. mink (mustela vison), bears (ursus arctos), foxes (vulpes vulpes) and dogs, were investigated. propranolol, bunitrolol and imipramine, which are typically substrates of cyp2d subfamilies, were used in the experiment. all the animals of the canoidea superfamily that were tested lacked the ability to catalyse 7-hydroxylation of propranolol, which is one of the major metabolic pathways in rats. stereos ... | 2006 | 16755362 |
| behavioral styles in european rabbits: social interactions and responses to experimental stressors. | the existence and consistency of individual behavioral types in response to challenging situations is of increasing interest in behavioral biology. in our study on european rabbits (oryctolagus cuniculus), we (1) investigated correlations between social behavior during early development and responses to experimental stressors during later life, and (2) tested for consistencies in these responses across different situations. for this, we observed juveniles living in field enclosures in early summ ... | 2006 | 16828816 |
| cloning of fox (vulpes vulpes) il2, il6, il10 and ifngamma and analysis of their expression by quantitative rt-pcr in fox pbmc after in vitro stimulation by concanavalin a. | the immune response in the fox (vulpes vulpes), despite the success of the oral rabies vaccine is not well characterised, and specific immunological tools are needed. a quantitative rt-pcr using sybr green to investigate fox cytokine expression after antigen pbmc in vitro re-stimulation is presented here. first, we cloned by homology with dog cytokine sequences the fox il2, il6, il10, ifngamma and a partial 18s sequence. fox specific primers were then defined and used to set up a species-specifi ... | 2006 | 16321447 |
| prevalence of trichinella larvae and extra-intestinal nematodes in norwegian red foxes (vulpes vulpes). | a survey of the parasitic fauna of the norwegian red fox (vulpes vulpes) population was carried out in 1994/1995 and 2002-2005. all foxes were killed during the licensed hunting season from october to april and, in total, 393 animals from all regions of the country were examined. the present study details the results of extra-intestinal nematode and trichinella larvae examinations. all individuals were examined for trichinella, using routine digestion methods. parasitological examination of the ... | 2006 | 16378689 |
| an aerial baiting system for the distribution of attenuated or recombinant rabies vaccines for foxes, raccoons, and skunks. | an aerial baiting system was developed to deliver oral rabies vaccines to wild carnivore vectors of rabies, e.g., red fox, striped skunk, and raccoon. the bait consists of a polyethylene bag that contains either a 30-g hamburger ball or a 25-ml cube of polyurethane sponge coated with a wax-beef tallow mixture containing 100-150 mg of tetracycline as a biomarker. attractants used with the sponge were added to the bag (e.g., liver slurry, cheeses, fish oils, or fruits). baits (greater than 80,000) ... | 2006 | 3206077 |
| [mathematical model study of the dynamics of an exploited population of the common fox (vulpes vulpes l.)]. | the observed dependence of intensity of hunting intensity and the share of reproducing females on fox population density was shown to cause the existence of several stable equilibrium values of fox numbers and incompatibility of requirements for both maximal prey and prey stability. organization of forbid forests is an acceptable way to regulate hunting in this situation. | 2006 | 2718631 |