Publications

identification of a derived dental trait in the papionini relative to other old world monkeys.	variation in the shape of teeth provides an immense amount of information about the evolutionary history and adaptive strategy of a mammalian lineage. here, we explore variation in the expression of a purported molar lingual remnant (the interconulus) across the old world monkeys (primates: cercopithecidae) with the aim of elucidating a component of the adaptive radiation of this family. this radiation is characterized by a wide geographic range (asia and africa) as well as diverse dietary niche ...	2014	25100299
[steroid metabolism in primates. v. isolation of dehydroepiandrosterone, androstenedione and adrenosterone from adrenal venous blood of macacus rhesus, papio hamadryas, cercopithecus aethiops and erythrocebus patas].		2014	4243440
isolation and characterization of faecal bifidobacteria and lactobacilli isolated from dogs and primates.	although bifidobacteria and lactobacilli have been suggested beneficial for the host and are components of many probiotics and competitive exclusion mixtures, the knowledge on abundance, metabolic and probiotic characteristics in isolates from dogs and monkeys is still limited. the present study was aimed to isolate bifidobacterium and lactobacillus strains (faeces of 22 dogs and of 5 primates: cebus apella, eulemur fulvus, erythrocebus patas, macaca fascicularis, papio hamadryas) with the maldi ...	2014	24239978
gc subtypes identified by isoelectric focusing in baboons (papio hamadryas).	phenotyping for gc variants by conventional electrophoresis in 835 papio hamadryas baboons demonstrated a monomorphic population. gc subtyping by polyacrylamide ief gels, ph 4-6, on 394 of these baboons revealed the existence of two common alleles which we named gc1papio and gc2papio. pedigree data confirmed the inheritance of a single locus, two allele system and the observed gene frequencies were 0.593 for gc1papio and 0.407 for gc2papio.	2014	4038495
analysis of prostate-specific antigen transcripts in chimpanzees, cynomolgus monkeys, baboons, and african green monkeys.	the function of prostate-specific antigen (psa) is to liquefy the semen coagulum so that the released sperm can fuse with the ovum. fifteen spliced variants of the psa gene have been reported in humans, but little is known about alternative splicing in nonhuman primates. positive selection has been reported in sex- and reproductive-related genes from sea urchins to drosophila to humans; however, there are few studies of adaptive evolution of the psa gene. here, using polymerase chain reaction (p ...	2014	24732672
the ontogeny of talo-crural appositional articular morphology among catarrhine taxa: adult shape reflects substrate use.	the upper ankle joint forms a single articular plane between organism and the foot and substrate. singular warp analysis shows that its shape reflects substrate use. this study explores whether the differences in shape are genetic with a developmental trajectory evident during ontogeny or epigenetic and the result of substrate use by the individual. a total of 418 matched distal tibial and proximal talar landmarked surfaces from adult and subadult specimens from 12 diverse catarrhine taxa were s ...	2014	24842582
spatial relationship between the mental foramen and mandibular developing teeth in modern humans, chimpanzees, and hamadryas baboons.	the mental foramen (mf) of adult human mandibles is characterized by its high position and posterosuperior opening orientation, compared with that of nonhuman primates. in this study, to examine when and how such interspecies variations in mf position/orientation are manifested in the context of dental development, positional relationships between the mf and nearby forming teeth (dc, dm1, c, p3) were assessed using ct-scanned growth-series mandibles of the following three species with various mf ...	2014	24913892
association between papio hamadryas populations and human gastrointestinal infectious diseases in southwestern saudi arabia.	papio hamadryas baboons, known reservoirs of several infectious diseases, roam and deposit their excreta indiscriminately on footpaths, parks, and streets of the city peripheries of taif, baha, and abha in southwestern saudi arabia. nonetheless, city centers of these places are free of baboons. this study aims to determine the impact of baboons on human gastrointestinal health.	2015	25811201
the zonules selectively alter the shape of the lens during accommodation based on the location of their anchorage points.	to determine the role of anterior and posterior zonular tension on the optomechanical lens response during accommodation simulation.	2015	25698707
inference by exclusion in lion-tailed macaques (macaca silenus), a hamadryas baboon (papio hamadryas), capuchins (sapajus apella), and squirrel monkeys (saimiri sciureus).	previous research has suggested that several primate species may be capable of reasoning by exclusion based on the finding that they can locate a hidden object when given information about where the object is not. the present research replicated and extended the literature by testing 2 old world monkey species, lion-tailed macaques (macaca silenus) and a hamadryas baboon (papio hamadryas), and 2 new world species, capuchin monkeys (sapajus apella) and squirrel monkeys (saimiri sciureus). the new ...	2015	26010194
mitochondrial genome analyses suggest multiple trichuris species in humans, baboons, and pigs from different geographical regions.	the whipworms trichuris trichiura and trichuris suis are two parasitic nematodes of humans and pigs, respectively. although whipworms in human and non-human primates historically have been referred to as t. trichiura, recent reports suggest that several trichuris spp. are found in primates.	2015	26367282
crowding increases salivary cortisol but not self-directed behavior in captive baboons.	reduced space can lead to crowding in social animals. crowding increases the risk of agonistic interactions that, in turn, may require additional physiological defensive coping mechanisms affecting health. to determine the stress induced from increased social density in a group of nineteen baboons living in an indoor/outdoor enclosure, saliva cortisol levels and rates of anxiety-related behavior were analyzed across two unique crowding episodes. initially, mean salivary cortisol levels when anim ...	2015	25598488
chronic continuous exenatide infusion does not cause pancreatic inflammation and ductal hyperplasia in non-human primates.	in this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of exenatide (exe) treatment on exocrine pancreas of nonhuman primates. to this end, 52 baboons (papio hamadryas) underwent partial pancreatectomy, followed by continuous infusion of exe or saline (sal) for 14 weeks. histological analysis, immunohistochemistry, computer assisted stereology toolbox morphometry, and immunofluorescence staining were performed at baseline and after treatment. the exe treatment did not induce pancreatitis, parenchymal o ...	2015	25447052
cortical folding of the primate brain: an interdisciplinary examination of the genetic architecture, modularity, and evolvability of a significant neurological trait in pedigreed baboons (genus papio).	folding of the primate brain cortex allows for improved neural processing power by increasing cortical surface area for the allocation of neurons. the arrangement of folds (sulci) and ridges (gyri) across the cerebral cortex is thought to reflect the underlying neural network. gyrification, an adaptive trait with a unique evolutionary history, is affected by genetic factors different from those affecting brain volume. using a large pedigreed population of ∼1000 papio baboons, we address critical ...	2015	25873632
population genetic insights into the social organization of guinea baboons (papio papio): evidence for female-biased dispersal.	sex differences in philopatry and dispersal have important consequences on the genetic structure of populations, social groups, and social relationships within groups. among mammals, male dispersal and female philopatry are most common and closely related taxa typically exhibit similar dispersal patterns. however, among four well-studied species of baboons, only hamadryas baboons exhibit female dispersal, thus differing from their congenerics, which show female philopatry and close-knit female s ...	2015	25864569
successful pharmaceutical-grade streptozotocin (stz)-induced hyperglycemia in a conscious tethered baboon (papio hamadryas) model.	non-human primate (nhp) diabetic models using chemical ablation of β-cells with stz have been achieved by several research groups. chemotherapeutic stz could lead to serious adverse events including nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, and mortality.	2015	26122701
expression of tight junction proteins and transporters for xenobiotic metabolism at the blood-csf barrier during development in the nonhuman primate (p. hamadryas).	the choroid plexus (cp) is rich in barrier mechanisms including transporters and enzymes which can influence drug disposition between blood and brain. we have limited knowledge of their state in fetus. we have studied barrier mechanisms along with metabolism and transporters influencing xenobiotics, using rnaseq and protein analysis, in the cp during the second-half of gestation in a nonhuman primate (papio hamadryas). there were no differences in the expression of the tight-junctions at the cp ...	2015	26092209
delta cell death in the islet of langerhans and the progression from normal glucose tolerance to type 2 diabetes in non-human primates (baboon, papio hamadryas).	the cellular composition of the islet of langerhans is essential to ensure its physiological function. morphophysiological islet abnormalities are present in type 2 diabetes but the relationship between fasting plasma glucose (fpg) and islet cell composition, particularly the role of delta cells, is unknown. we explored these questions in pancreases from baboons (papio hamadryas) with fpg ranging from normal to type 2 diabetic values.	2015	26049399
study of hamadryas baboons (papio hamadryas) ability to solve object manipulation tasks.	cognitive ability to solve object manipulation tasks was evaluated by "string pulling" and "transparent tube" tests. the string pulling task was solved by 7 of 11 animals. the task of object extraction from the tube was too difficult, not a single animal solved it. the authors conclude that hamadryas baboons demonstrated rather poor ability to solve object manipulation tasks.	2015	26033597
fine-scale genetic assessment of sex-specific dispersal patterns in a multilevel primate society.	like humans, hamadryas baboons (papio hamadryas) are unusual among primates in having a multilevel social system and stable pair bonds, and are thus a useful model for the evolution of human sociality. while the kinship structure and sex-biased dispersal patterns that underlie human social organization have been extensively elucidated, the impact of these factors on the social system of hamadryas baboons is currently unclear. here we use genetic analysis of individuals to elucidate the patterns ...	2015	25466516
the rise and fall of leader males in a multi-level society: takeovers and tenures of male hamadryas baboons.	as one means to maximize access to females, males of some species are intolerant of other males in social units, resulting in female defense polygyny, a mating system in which one male monopolizes mating access to as many females as he can for as long as possible. in such a system, the length of a male's tenure and the number of females he is able to acquire are important predictors of his reproductive success. hamadryas baboons differ from many other taxa with female defense polygyny in that th ...	2015	25219666
walking speed as an aging biomarker in baboons (papio hamadryas).	walking speed is an important human aging biomarker. baboons are valuable translational models for aging studies. establishing whether walking speed is a good aging biomarker has value. we hypothesized there would be characteristic age-related decline in baboon walking speed.	2015	26411922
alopecia in outdoor group- and corral-housed baboons (papio hamadryas spp.).	alopecia has been reported to occur in several species of captive nhp. much of this research has focused on macaque monkeys; whether other primate species such as baboons are affected similarly is unknown. because alopecia can be a focus of inspectors and a possible marker of wellbeing, the purpose of the current study was to survey the occurrence of alopecia in 2 baboon populations and to identify potential risk factors. subjects were 262 group-housed and 279 corral-housed baboons. alopecia was ...	2015	26224438
the adaptive value of secondary males in the polygynous multi-level society of hamadryas baboons.	one-male social systems are usually characterized by polygyny and reproductive exclusion by a single resident male. sometimes, however, secondary males join these groups, and this may carry fitness costs and/or benefits to the resident male. in hamadryas baboons (papio hamadryas hamadryas), which live in one-male units (omus) with female defense polygyny within a multi-level social system, secondary "follower" males often reside in omus. our aim here is to examine possible benefits of these seco ...	2015	26174200
the effect of a feeding schedule change and the provision of forage material on hair eating in a group of captive baboons (papio hamadryas sp.).	hair eating in nonhuman primates is thought to result from a frustrated appetitive drive produced by an inappropriate diet. to investigate whether hair eating could be reduced through changes in diet, a 2-part study was conducted with a group of baboons (papio hamadryas sp.). the 1st part involved changing to a twice-daily feeding routine, thus providing prolonged access to an appropriate food source. the 2nd part involved scattering a grain mix to encourage more foraging while maintaining a onc ...	2015	25415057
variation of hair cortisol concentrations among wild populations of two baboon species (papio anubis, p. hamadryas) and a population of their natural hybrids.	male olive (papio anubis) and hamadryas (p. hamadryas) baboons have distinctive sociobehavioral and physical characteristics. in the awash national park, ethiopia, a hybrid population at the contact zone between these two species, exhibits heterogeneous sociobehavioral and physical characteristics. the ambiguity of the hybrid social environment and disruption of parental stress genotypes may be sources of physiological stress for hybrids. we examined levels of chronic stress among males of the t ...	2015	25903227
[the karyotype of papio hamadryas].		2015	14277064
[changes in the hormone balance of the baboon papio hamadryas during chronic stress].		2015	7020294
[effect of the adrenocorticotropic hormone on peripheral blood levels of hydrocortisone, testosterone and their precursors in baboons].	the time-course of changes in hydrocortisone, 17-hydroxypregnenolone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, dehydroepiandrosterone and testosterone levels in the peripheral blood of male sacred baboons was studied after exogenous acth injection by radioimmunoassay. it was shown that the hydrocortisone secretion character following acth injection correlates with the change of other adrenal steroids studied: 17-hydroxypregnenolone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone and dehydroepiandrosterone. maximum concentration growth ...	2016	6270645
[circadian rhythm of cortisol levels and its precursors in different phases of the menstrual cycle in baboons].	radioimmunoassays were used to study in experiments on sacred baboons the circadian rhythms of dehydrocortisone, 11-deoxycortisol, progesterone, pregnenolone and 17-hydroxypregnenolone in the folliculin and luteal phases of the menstrual cycle. the circadian rhythms of dehydrocortisone and 11-deoxycortisol secretion were seen in both phases of the cycle. the maximum content of the plasma steroids were recorded in the morning while the minimum one in the evening and at night. the circadian rhythm ...	2016	7291143
[plasma corticosteroid level in male hamadryas baboons in various seasons of the year].	the levels of hydrocortisone, 11-deoxycortisole, 17-hydroxypregnenolone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, 20-dihydroprogesterone, pregnenolone and progesterone were measured in blood plasma of adult male hamadryas baboons within a year using radioimmunoassay. seasonal fluctuations characterized by the highest content of corticosteroids in spring-summer period and a considerable decrease of their concentration in autumn months have been revealed.	2016	6647431
[circadian rhythm of corticosteroids in female hamadryas baboons during long-term hypokinesia].	radioimmunoassay was used to study the effect of restricted motor activity on the circadian rhythms of the content of hydrocortisone, 11-deoxycortisol, corticosterone and aldosterone in the blood plasma of mature female hamadryas baboons in different phases of the menstrual cycle. intact animals demonstrated distinct circadian rhythms of corticosteroids reproduced stably in both phases of the cycle. two-week immobilization did not change the general nature of rhythms of the content of glucocorti ...	2016	4039062
[metabolism of steroids in the primates and isolation of testosterone, epitestosterone and androstendion from the urine of papio hamadryas].		2016	4623490
[diurnal activity pattern and seasonal variations of captive papio hamadryas.]	activity rhythms and time budgets are two important components of ecological influences on animal individual behaviors. we collected data on activity pattern using instantaneous scan sampling on captive hamadryas baboons (papio hamadryas) in hangzhou wild animal zoo in zhejiang, china from november 2012 to october 2013. the results showed that: 1) in the activity time allocation, the main activities (frequency percentage was more than or equal to 5%) included resting (42.5%), traveling (16.2%), ...	2016	29696873
relationship between epilepsy and colpocephaly in baboons (papio hamadryas).	brain mri scans revealed various occipital horn variants in a pedigreed baboon colony consisting of papio hamadryas anubis and its hybrids. we retrospectively characterized these variants and evaluated their relationships to epilepsy phenotypes and scalp eeg findings. mri scans (3d, t1-weighted) from 208 baboons (female, 134 female; male, 74; age [mean ± 1 sd], 16 ± 5 y) were reviewed; 139 (67%) of these animals also underwent scalp eeg previously. occipital horn variants included elongation (ex ...	2016	27298250
the ties that bind: maternal kin bias in a multilevel primate society despite natal dispersal by both sexes.	in many social animals, individuals derive fitness benefits from close social bonds, which are often formed among kin of the philopatric sex. hamadryas baboons, however, exhibit a hierarchical, multilevel social system where both sexes disperse from their natal one-male-unit (omu). although this would seem to hinder maintenance of kin ties, both sexes appear largely philopatric at the higher order band and clan levels, possibly allowing for bonds with same sex kin by both males and females. in o ...	2016	26890431
group compositional changes impact the social and feeding behaviors of captive hamadryas baboons (papio hamadryas hamadryas).	the formation and modification of social groups in captivity are delicate management tasks. the ability for personnel to anticipate changes in group dynamics following compositional changes can increase the likelihood of successful management with minimized injury or social instability. hamadryas baboons (papio hamadryas hamadryas) have a distinctive multi-level social system comprising of one-male units (omus) that can make it difficult to apply knowledge from other primates' multi-female/multi ...	2016	26828857
a cross-sectional study of ageing and cardiovascular function over the baboon lifespan.	ageing is associated with changes at the molecular and cellular level that can alter cardiovascular function and ultimately lead to disease. the baboon is an ideal model for studying ageing due to the similarities in genetic, anatomical, physiological and biochemical characteristics with humans. the aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the changes in cardiovascular profile of baboons over the course of their lifespan.	2016	27427971
macromammalian faunas, biochronology and palaeoecology of the early pleistocene main quarry hominin-bearing deposits of the drimolen palaeocave system, south africa.	the drimolen palaeocave system main quarry deposits (dmq) are some of the most prolific hominin and primate-bearing deposits in the fossil hominids of south africa unesco world heritage site. discovered in the 1990s, excavations into the dmq have yielded a demographically diverse sample of paranthropus robustus (including dnh 7, the most complete cranium of the species recovered to date), early homo, papio hamadryas robinsoni and cercopithecoides williamsi. alongside the hominin and primate samp ...	2016	27114884
olfactomedin-like 2 a and b (olfml2a and olfml2b) expression profile in primates (human and baboon).	the olfactomedin-like domain (olfml) is present in at least four families of proteins, including olfml2a and olfml2b, which are expressed in adult rat retina cells. however, no expression of their orthologous has ever been reported in human and baboon.	2016	27821182
seasonality of reproductive events and early mortality in a colony of hamadryas baboons (papio hamadryas hamadryas) over a 30-year period: capital breeding and life history patterns in a food-provisioned population seasonally thermally stressed.	in environments where energy demands and resource availability vary seasonally, individuals are expected to time the optimal allocation of resources to support survival and reproduction. although female baboons are regarded as all year round, capital breeders, we wondered how they would respond in an ecological scenario where food were not limiting, foraging effort were negligible, and they were thermally stressed during the cold winter. this study analyzes a 30-year database of conceptions, bir ...	2016	27273743
chromosomes in the chronic reticulosis of the pavian papio hamadryas.		2016	4804051
nonhuman primate ocular biometry.	to examine ocular growth in nonhuman primates (nhps) from measurements on ex vivo eyes.	2016	26780314
placental growth factor reduces blood pressure in a uteroplacental ischemia model of preeclampsia in nonhuman primates.	an imbalance in the angiogenesis axis during pregnancy manifests as clinical preeclampsia because of endothelial dysfunction. circulating soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 (sflt-1) increases and placental growth factor (plgf) reduces before and during disease. we investigated the clinical and biochemical effects of replenishing the reduced circulating plgf with recombinant human plgf (rhplgf) and thus restoring the angiogenic balance. hypertensive proteinuria was induced in a nonhuman primate ( ...	2016	27091894
ontogenetic scaling of fore limb and hind limb joint posture and limb bone cross-sectional geometry in vervets and baboons.	previous studies suggest that the postures habitually adopted by an animal influence the mechanical loading of its long bones. relatively extended limb postures in larger animals should preferentially reduce anteroposterior (a-p) relative to mediolateral (m-l) bending of the limb bones and therefore decrease a-p/m-l rigidity. we test this hypothesis by examining growth-related changes in limb bone structure in two primate taxa that differ in ontogenetic patterns of joint posture.	2016	27252095
[the role of acth in regulating dehydroepiandrosterone secretion in primates].	the effect of repeated administration of a prolonged acth agent on the secretion of glucocorticoids, dehydroepiandrosterone (dea) and delta 4- and delta 5-precursors was studied in experiments on male hamadryas baboons. the administration of sinacten-depot at a dose of 1 mg for 5 days caused a noticeable decrease in the basal levels of cortisol, 11-deoxycortisol, pregnenolone, 17-oxypregnenolone, and dea. response of the adrenal glands to additional acth stimulation against a background of lower ...	2016	2158657
[effect of gonadectomy and luliberin on the gonadotropic function of the hypophysis in papio hamadryas].	a comparative study was made of the effect of lh-rh on the hypophyseal reactivity in intact and castrated male papio hamadryas. hypophysis gonadotropic function was evaluated by the content of the biologically active luteinizing hormone in the peripheral blood plasma which was determined by an in-vitro biological method. bilateral gonadectomy caused an increase in the luteinizing hormone concentration by an average of 600% in this species of apes. the hormone level got stable at maximum values i ...	2016	3900981
[regeneration of the function of the hypophyseal-gonadal system after its prolonged suppression with luliberin agonists].	the paper is concerned with the results of investigation into the nature of regeneration of function of the hypophyseo-gonadal system in 15 mature male papio hamadryas, subjected to infusion of lh-rh agonists (buserelin, hoechst a. g. germany) and surfagon (all-union cardiology research center, ussr) using osmotic mini-pumps (alzo corp., palo alto, usa) for 5-16 weeks. regeneration of this system was characterized by 3 main phases: latent; gonadal hyperfunction and return to the basal level of f ...	2016	1658774
[the adrenocortical function of female hamadryas baboons under prolonged hypokinesia].	the paper is concerned with the results of a study of hormonal function of the adrenocortical system of female papio hamadryas during 28-day clinicostatic hypokinesia which started at various phases of the menstrual cycle. a 2-phase response of the investigated system to prolonged hypokinesia was established. the activation of corticosteroid secretion on the 1st day of hypokinesia was changed further on by the inhibition of adrenocortical endocrine function. the intensity and duration of activat ...	2016	2622888
[effect of adrenocorticotropic hormone on the secretory activity of the gonads and adrenals of male hamadryas baboons].	the time course of the secretion of steroid hormones to the adrenal and seminal veins following administration of synthetic acth was studied in experiments on mature male hamadryas baboons. testosterone, 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone, androstendion, 17-oxyprogesterone and 17-oxypregnenolone levels in the venous blood were determined by means of radioimmunoassays with preliminary chromatographic isolation of steroids on cellite. the rate of hormone secretion by the adrenal and seminal glands was ca ...	2016	3006020
[effect of prolonged hypokinesia on the gonadal and adrenal function of female hamadryas baboons].	a radioimmunoassay was used to study the effect of 26-day clinostatic hypokinesia on the level of sex hormones and cortisol in the peripheral blood plasma of 10 female papio hamadryas immobilized in different phases of the menstrual cycle. a significant decrease in the level of estradiol in the follicular phase and progesterone in the luteal phase was shown whereas the levels of cortisol and testosterone did not practically vary. dependence of the adrenal gland reactivity to an acute immobilizat ...	2016	3952076
the development of the baboon prostate: ultrasound methodology, modelling, and natural history.	in order to evaluate the potential of ultrasound for serial, nontraumatic estimation of prostate size in the hamadryas baboon (papio hamadryas), we adapted the technique of planimetric ultrasound to study a captive-bred colony of 30 male baboons (median age 8.4 years, range 3.3-17 years) including 4 long-term castrates. most (19) were studied on another two occasions (at 33-and 43-day intervals) to estimate reproducibility of the prostate size (dimensions, volume) measurement. prostatic dimensio ...	2016	8889696
[polymorphism of the response of the hypophyseo-gonadal system to the long-term administration of an agonist of luliberin].	the paper is concerned with the results of experiments on male papio hamadryas aimed at the investigation of their hypophyseal and gonadal endocrine function by intravenous drip with the help of subcutaneously implanted osmotic mini-pumps of buzerelin, a superactive lh-rh analog. a 2-phase response of the hypophyseal-gonadal system was revealed. the stimulation of the secretion of lh and testicular androgens in the first 5-7 days of buzerelin administration was followed by sharp suppression of g ...	2016	2500654
cardiovascular structure and function in baboons with type 1 diabetes -- a transvenous ultrasound study.	diabetes mellitus is an important risk factor for both macrovascular and cardiac disease in humans. the availability of a novel intravenous ultrasound probe allows detailed interrogation of a large proportion of the vasculature, as well as the heart, during the same examination. six male baboons (papio hamadryas) with type 1 diabetes and known microangiopathy, and six control animals were studied. vascular structure in the major large arteries and cardiac function were studied using transvenous ...	2016	11457668
corticosteroid circadian rhythms in female hamadryas baboons under prolonged hypokinesia.		2017	3796806
serological evidence of coronavirus infections in native hamadryas baboons (papio hamadryas hamadryas) of the kingdom of saudi arabia.	the hamadryas baboon (papio hamadryas hamadryas) is the only indigenous species of non-human primates (nhp) found in the kingdom of saudi arabia (ksa). there are no peer-reviewed publications on viral infections of the baboons of ksa. apart from camels, other animals are likely sources of the novel middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (merscov) for humans. we investigated evidence of highly pathogenic coronavirus infections including merscov in a large group of commensal baboons accompan ...	2017	28478775
changes in cerebral blood flow during an alteration in glycemic state in a large non-human primate (papio hamadryas sp.).	changes in cerebral blood flow (cbf) during a hyperglycemic challenge were mapped, using perfusion-weighted mri, in a group of non-human primates. seven female baboons were fasted for 16 h prior to 1-h imaging experiment, performed under general anesthesia, that consisted of a 20-min baseline, followed by a bolus infusion of glucose (500 mg/kg). cbf maps were collected every 7 s and blood glucose and insulin levels were sampled at regular intervals. blood glucose levels rose from 51.3 ± 10.9 to ...	2017	28261040
preclinical in vivo and in vitro comparison of the translocator protein pet ligands [(18)f]pbr102 and [(18)f]pbr111.	to determine the metabolic profiles of the translocator protein ligands pbr102 and pbr111 in rat and human microsomes and compare their in vivo binding and metabolite uptake in the brain of non-human primates (papio hamadryas) using pet-ct.	2017	27699720
cranial sexual dimorphism in the kinda baboon (papio hamadryas kindae).	the smallest extant member of genus papio, the kinda baboon exhibits low sexual dimorphism and a distinctive cranial shape. ontogenetic scaling accounts for most cranial-shape differences within papio, but studies have shown that the kinda follows a separate ontogenetic trajectory. if so, its cranial-dimorphism pattern should differ from other subspecies. to evaluate this hypothesis, morphometric analysis was used to investigate cranial dimorphism in papio.	2017	28877335
livebirth and utero-placental insufficiency in papio hamadryas baboons with uterus angiosome perfused by bilateral utero-ovarian microsurgical anastomoses alone.	can the baboon uterus support a gestation to livebirth with an angiosome using microsurgically anastomosed utero-ovarian vessels and lacking uterine arteries and veins?	2017	28854716
contexts and consequences of takeovers in hamadryas baboons: female parity, reproductive state, and observational evidence of pregnancy loss.	the evolutionary consequences of sexual selection and sexual conflict are epitomized in the hamadryas baboon, a species characterized by strong sexual dimorphism and intense male-male competition. hamadryas males coerce individual females into reproductively exclusive one-male units via aggressive takeovers, and infants involved in such takeovers are at least four times more likely to be killed (or otherwise die) after takeovers compared to other times. here we examine female reproductive state ...	2017	28395395
uterine viability in the baboon after ligation of uterine vasculature: a pilot study to assess alternative perfusion and venous return for uterine transplantation.	to assess, in two separate groups of baboons, uterine viability after ligation of the uterine veins and uterine viability after ligation of both the uterine arteries and veins, respectively.	2017	28283262
charting the neglected west: the social system of guinea baboons.	primate social systems are remarkably diverse, and thus play a central role in understanding social evolution, including the biological origin of human societies. although baboons have been prominently featured in this context, historically little was known about the westernmost member of the genus, the guinea baboon (papio papio).	2017	28105722
sex and friendship in a multilevel society: behavioural patterns and associations between female and male guinea baboons.	one key question in social evolution is the identification of factors that promote the formation and maintenance of stable bonds between females and males beyond the mating context. baboons lend themselves to examine this question, as they vary in social organisation and male-female association patterns. we report the results from the first systematic observations of individually identified wild female guinea baboons. guinea baboons live in a multilevel society with female-biased dispersal. alth ...	2017	26900211
prevalence and geographical distribution of papio hamadryas papillomavirus 1 (phpv1) in kenyan baboons.	papio hamadryas papillomavirus (phpv) 1, 2, and 3, are alphapapillomaviruses that have been detected in kenyan olive baboons but the distribution is unknown. therefore, cervical screening for phpv1 was performed in baboons from various areas in kenya using a nested polymerase chain reaction. the prevalence rate was 33%.	2017	27726166
high-resolution gas chromatography/mass spectrometry metabolomics of non-human primate serum.	metabolomics analyses using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (gc/ms)-based metabolomics are heavily impeded by the lack of high-resolution mass spectrometers and limited spectral libraries to complement the excellent chromatography that gc platforms offer, a challenge that is being addressed with the implementation of high-resolution (hr) platforms such as 1d-gc/orbitrap-ms.	2018	29874398
magnetic particle imaging of islet transplantation in the liver and under the kidney capsule in mouse models.	islet transplantation (tx) represents the most promising therapy to restore normoglycemia in type 1 diabetes (t1d) patients to date. as significant islet loss has been observed after the procedure, there is an urgent need for developing strategies for monitoring transplanted islet grafts. in this report we describe for the first time the application of magnetic particle imaging (mpi) for monitoring transplanted islets in the liver and under the kidney capsule in experimental animals.	2018	29675353
in vivo experimental study of biological compatibility of tissue engineered tracheal construct in laboratory primates.	biological compatibility of a tissue engineered construct of the trachea (synthetic scaffold) and allogenic mesenchymal stem cells was studied on laboratory papio hamadryas primates. subcutaneous implantation and orthotopic transplantations of tissue engineered constructs were carried out. histological studies of the construct showed chaotically located filaments and mononuclear cells fixed to them. development of a fine connective tissue capsule was found at the site of subcutaneous implantatio ...	2018	29658077
patterns of wounding in hamadryas baboons (papio hamadryas) in north american zoos.	in north american zoos, hamadryas baboons (papio hamadryas) have traditionally been housed as single one-male units (single male groups). in recent years, efforts have been made to house hamadryas in groups composed of multiple one-male units (multi-male groups) to more closely mirror their natural social structure, in addition to all-male or bachelor groups to manage surplus males. given that the majority of social conflict in hamadryas occurs between males during the acquisition and defense of ...	2018	29441656
2d:4d digit ratio is not a biomarker of developmental programming in baboons (papio hamadryas species).	we hypothesized second-to-fourth hand digit ratio (2d:4d) is a biomarker of developmental programming in 3 baboon groups: intrauterine growth restriction (7 females, 8 males), exposure during fetal life to synthetic glucocorticoids (4 females, 5 males), and controls (66 females, 20 males). 2d:4d was similar between sexes and groups.	2018	29034475
comparison of vitamin d metabolites in wild and captive baboons.	vitamin d adequacy is essential for multiple physiologic processes. with limited exposure to sunlight for vitamin d3 synthesis, captive primates are supplemented with vitamin d3 (cholecalciferol). vitamin d metabolite data from wild primates living indigenously could suggest optimum levels. the purpose of this study was to: 1) to explore whether baboons, a speciose genus whose members have significant exposed skin, coat color variation and wide geographical distribution, mirrors the skin pigment ...	2018	30537386
restricted mhc class i a locus diversity in olive and hybrid olive/yellow baboons from the southwest national primate research center.	baboons are valuable models for complex human diseases due to their genetic and physiologic similarities to humans. deep sequencing methods to characterize full-length major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class i (mhc-i) alleles in different nonhuman primate populations were used to identify novel mhc-i alleles in baboons. we combined data from illumina miseq sequencing and roche/454 sequencing to characterize novel full-length mhc-i transcripts in a cohort of olive and hybrid olive/yellow bab ...	2018	29594415
blood meal identification in the cryptic species anopheles gambiae and anopheles coluzzii using maldi-tof ms.	matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms) has recently emerged in entomology as a technique to identify arthropods and their blood meal source. in this study, female anopheles gambiae were fed on five host blood sources: ocelot (leopardus pardalis), binturong (arctictis binturong), springbok (antidorcas marsupialis), jaguar (panthera onca) and hamadryas baboon (papio hamadryas), while anopheles coluzzii were fed on three hosts: dromedary (camelus ...	2018	30052501
expression of growth hormone in the baboon eye.	the human growth hormone (gh) locus is comprised by two gh (gh1 and gh2) genes and three chorionic somatomammotropin (csh1, csh2 and csh-l) genes. while gh1 is expressed in the pituitary gland, the rest are expressed in the placenta. however, gh1 is also expressed in several extrapituitary tissues, including the eye. so to understand the role of this hormone in the eye we used the baboon (papio hamadryas), that like humans has a multigenic gh locus; we set up to investigate the expression and re ...	2018	29407222
enzooty of non-hodgkin's malignant lymphoma of papio hamadryas in sukhumi monkey colony. clinical and morphological signs of pre-lymphoma.	inoculation of hamadryas baboons with blood of leukemia ill people-induced malignant non-hodgkin's lymphoma in experimental animals for a very considerable latency period. at close contact of inoculated baboons with healthy non-inoculated animals, the lymphoma spread between them. the epidemiological analysis, postmortem examination, histological analysis, tissue culturing, and pcr were used for the diagnostics of lymphoma and pre-lymphoma, purification, identification of stlv-1, and hvp viruses ...	2018	29231971
a cross-species comparison of abnormal behavior in three species of singly-housed old world monkeys.	abnormal behavior occurs in a number of captive nonhuman primate species and is often used as an indicator of welfare. however, reported levels of abnormal behavior often vary across species, making general welfare judgments difficult. the purpose of this study was to assess differences in levels of abnormal behavior and associated risk factors across three species of old world monkeys in order to identify similarities and differences across species. the subjects were 415 (109 females) cynomolgu ...	2018	29422700
isolation and genetic characterization of encephalomyocarditis virus 1 from a deceased captive hamadryas baboon.	in 2007, numerous hamadryas baboons (papio hamadryas) died suddenly in an aviary of a primate institute in sochi, russia, in the absence of prior clinical signs. necropsies were suggestive of encephalomyocarditis virus infection, but rt-pcr assays with commonly used primers were negative. here we report the histopathological results obtained during necropsies and the isolation and genomic characterization of a divergent strain of encephalomyocarditis virus 1 (emcv-1) from heart tissue of one of ...	2018	29113825
correlation of cognitive abilities of male hamadryas baboon with age and hierarchical status.	we studied the correlation between the rank and age of baboons (n=12) with their cognitive abilities. a positive correlation was found between performances of different tests by male. the ability to solve the tests related to bait placement depended on the age of the males and age-related hierarchical status. four-year-old males performed these tests in 52% of cases, whereas five-year-old males, who reached a higher hierarchical status by this age solved with them in 93% of cases. in the tests f ...	2018	30121930
evolution of the modern baboon (papio hamadryas): a reassessment of the african plio-pleistocene record.	baboons (papio hamadryas) are among the most successful extant primates, with a minimum of six distinctive forms throughout sub-saharan africa. however, their presence in the fossil record is unclear. three early fossil taxa are generally recognized, all from south africa: papio izodi, papio robinsoni and papio angusticeps. because of their derived appearance, p. angusticeps and p. robinsoni have sometimes been considered subspecies of p. hamadryas and have been used as biochronological markers ...	2018	29954592
insights into the molecular systematics of trichuris infecting captive primates based on mitochondrial dna analysis.	nematodes belonging to the trichuris genus are prevalent soil-transmitted helminths with a worldwide distribution in mammals, while humans are mainly affected in areas with insufficient sanitation such as in africa, asia and south america. traditionally, whipworms infecting primates are referred to trichuris trichiura, but recent molecular and morphological evidence suggests that more than one species may be able to infect humans and non-human primates. here, we analyzed the genetic diversity an ...	2019	31395201
a pilot study for estimating the cardiopulmonary signals of diverse exotic animals using a digital camera.	monitoring the cardiopulmonary signal of animals is a challenge for veterinarians in conditions when contact with a conscious animal is inconvenient, difficult, damaging, distressing or dangerous to personnel or the animal subject. in this pilot study, we demonstrate a computer vision-based system and use examples of exotic, untamed species to demonstrate this means to extract the cardiopulmonary signal. subject animals included the following species: giant panda (ailuropoda melanoleuca), africa ...	2019	31835550
use of social network models to understand play partner choice strategies in three primate species.	although play is seen in many species, its evolutionary function is still largely unknown. several relevant, proposed hypotheses (such as the training for the unexpected, self-assessment, social skills, and dominance hierarchy hypotheses) make predictions about how animals should optimally choose their play partners based on their familiarity or other demographic variables. we used a social network approach to analyze focal sample data on brown capuchins (cebus apella), hamadryas baboons (papio ...	2019	30600419
[markers of hepatitis a in the monkeys of the adlers primate center.]	hepatitis a is a widespread viral infection. the hav strains of "human" and "monkey" origin are similar in their morphological and antigenic properties, but differ genotypically.	2019	32167690
a missing piece of the papio puzzle: gorongosa baboon phenostructure and intrageneric relationships.	most authors recognize six baboon species: hamadryas (papio hamadryas), guinea (papio papio), olive (papio anubis), yellow (papio cynocephalus), chacma (papio ursinus), and kinda (papio kindae). however, there is still debate regarding the taxonomic status, phylogenetic relationships, and the amount of gene flow occurring between species. here, we present ongoing research on baboon morphological diversity in gorongosa national park (gnp), located in central mozambique, south of the zambezi river ...	2019	31010537
exenatide regulates pancreatic islet integrity and insulin sensitivity in the nonhuman primate baboon papio hamadryas.	the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist exenatide improves glycemic control by several and not completely understood mechanisms. herein, we examined the effects of chronic intravenous exenatide infusion on insulin sensitivity, β cell and α cell function and relative volumes, and islet cell apoptosis and replication in nondiabetic nonhuman primates (baboons). at baseline, baboons received a 2-step hyperglycemic clamp followed by an l-arginine bolus (hc/a). after hc/a, baboons underwent a par ...	2019	31536476
meat eating in wild hamadryas baboons: opportunistic trade-offs between insects and vertebrates.	the consumption of meat may provide herbivorous animals with important nutrients that are scarce in their plant-based diet. seasonal variation in plant food availability has been suggested to motivate dietary flexibility in a range of species and thus primates may seek more prey when key plant resources are unavailable. alternatively, prey encounter rate may drive meat eating. here we investigate patterns of meat eating in hamadryas baboons (papio hamadryas) at filoha, awash national park, ethio ...	2019	31297842
rabies among animals in saudi arabia.	rabies is a fatal viral disease that continues to threaten human and animal health in endemic countries. rabies is endemic in animals in the arabian peninsula. although saudi arabia is the largest country on the peninsula, little has been reported in the country about rabies situation.	2019	31079702
severe whipworm (trichuris spp.) infection in the hamadryas baboon (papio hamadryas).	a 3-year-old male hamadryas baboon (papio hamadryas) at the seoul zoo, korea, died without any previous symptoms. necropsy revealed severe whipworm infection in the large intestine. the animal weighed 2.6 kg and had a blood clot at the anus. numerous whipworms were found attached to the intestinal wall, with their anterior ends embedded in the mucosa. fecal microscopy revealed typical barrel-shaped, brown eggs of trichuris spp., with hyaline polar plugs at each end. histopathological examination ...	2019	30464076
in vitro assessment of electrospun polyamide-6 scaffolds for esophageal tissue engineering.	artificial tissue-engineered grafts offer a potential alternative to autologous tissue grafts for patients, which can be traumatic. after decellularizing papio hamadryas esophagus and studying the morphology and physical properties of the extracellular matrix (ecm), we generated electrospun polyamide-6 based scaffolds to mimic it. the scaffolds supported a greater mechanical load than the native ecm and demonstrated similar 3d microstructure, with randomly aligned fibers, 90% porosity, 29 μm max ...	2019	29603873
the multilevel society of a small-brained bird.	animal societies can be organised in multiple hierarchical tiers [1]. such multilevel societies, where stable groups move together through the landscape, overlapping and associating preferentially with specific other groups, are thought to represent one of the most complex forms of social structure in vertebrates. for example, hamadryas baboons (papio hamadryas) live in units consisting of one male and one or several females, or of several solitary males, that group into clans. these clans then ...	2019	31689393
social evolution in plio-pleistocene hominins: insights from hamadryas baboons and paleoecology.	reconstructions of hominin evolution have long benefited from comparisons with nonhuman primates, especially baboons and chimpanzees. the hamadryas baboon (papio hamadryas) is arguably one of the best such models, as it exhibits both the male kin bonding and the cross-sex pair bonding thought to have been important in hominin evolution. here we link processes of behavioral evolution in hamadryas baboons with those in a plio-pleistocene hominin, provisionally identified as homo erectus (sensu lat ...	2019	31629289
total eclipse of the zoo: animal behavior during a total solar eclipse.	the infrequency of a total solar eclipse renders the event novel to those animals that experience its effects and, consequently, may induce anomalous behavioral responses. however, historical information on the responses of animals to eclipses is scant and often conflicting. in this study, we qualitatively document the responses of 17 vertebrate taxa (including mammals, birds, and reptiles) to the 2017 total solar eclipse as it passed over riverbanks zoo and garden in columbia, south carolina. i ...	2020	32244374
baboon bearing resemblance in pigmentation pattern to siamese cat carries a missense mutation in the tyrosinase gene.	an infant hamadryas baboon exhibiting an albino phenotype-white body hair and red eyes-was born to parents with wild-type body color. pigmentation on some parts of its body surfaced during childhood and progressed with age. this baboon in adulthood has gray hair on parts of its body, such as the tail, distal portion of the legs, and face, with the remainder being white. this pigmentation pattern resembles that of the siamese cat and the himalayan variants of the mouse and the mink. the distingui ...	2020	32053406
compression-resistant polymer/ceramic composite scaffolds augmented with rhbmp-2 promote new bone formation in a nonhuman primate mandibular ridge augmentation model.	this study was designed to test the hypothesis that compression-resistant (cr) scaffolds augmented with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhbmp-2) at clinically relevant doses in a nonhuman primate lateral ridge augmentation model enhances bone formation in a dose-responsive manner without additional protective membranes.	2020	32406661
correlation between musculoskeletal structure of the hand and primate locomotion: morphometric and mechanical analysis in prehension using the cross- and triple-ratios.	biometric ratios of the relative length of the rays in the hand have been analyzed between primate species in the light of their hand function or phylogeny. however, how relative lengths among phalanges are mechanically linked to the grasping function of primates with different locomotor behaviors remains unclear. to clarify this, we calculated cross and triple-ratios, which are related to the torque distribution, and the torque generation mode at different joint angles using the lengths of the ...	2020	32365096
preparation for certain and uncertain future outcomes in young children and three species of monkey.	this study examined 3-year old children and monkeys' capacities to prepare for immediate future events. in study 1, children were presented with several tube apparatuses with two exits. when targets were certain to emerge from both, children tended to prepare to catch them by covering each exit. when it was uncertain where targets would emerge, however, they tended to prepare for only one possibility. these results substantiate the claim that simultaneous preparation for mutually exclusive possi ...	2020	31372992
parameters of experimental activity in the study of the cognitive abilities of rhesus monkeys (macaca mulatta) and baboons (papio hamadryas).	we compared experimental activity, behavioral activity in the experiment, of rhesus monkeys (macaca mulatta) and baboons (papio hamadryas). baboons showed higher levels of experimental activity. the contrast in the activity between the species is probably associated with species-specific characteristics of the behavior and different ability to adapt under new conditions. in particular, they may be the result of lower plasticity of rhesus monkeys with respect to experimental conditions.	2020	32328945
parasitic infections in african humans and non-human primates.	different protozoa and metazoa have been detected in great apes, monkeys and humans with possible interspecies exchanges. some are either nonpathogenic or their detrimental effects on the host are not yet known. others lead to serious diseases that can even be fatal. their survey remains of great importance for public health and animal conservation. fecal samples from gorillas (gorilla gorilla) and humans living in same area in the republic of congo, chimpanzees (pan troglodytes) from senegal an ...	2020	32664573
adenovirus infections in african humans and wild non-human primates: great diversity and cross-species transmission.	non-human primates (nhps) are known hosts for adenoviruses (advs), so there is the possibility of the zoonotic or cross-species transmission of advs. as with humans, adv infections in animals can cause diseases that range from asymptomatic to fatal. the aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence and diversity of advs in: (i) fecal samples of apes and monkeys from different african countries (republic of congo, senegal, djibouti and algeria), (ii) stool of humans living near gorillas in ...	2020	32570742
philopatry at the frontier: a demographically driven scenario for the evolution of multilevel societies in baboons (papio).	the baboons (papio sp.) exhibit marked interspecies variation in social behavior. the thesis presented here argues, first, that male philopatry is a crucial factor, arguably the crucial factor, underlying the other distinctive features (one-male units, multilevel society) shared by hamadryas and guinea baboons, but not other species of papio. the second suggestion is that male philopatry as a population norm was not an adaptation to a particular habitat or set of ecological circumstances but evo ...	2020	32736063