Publications

effect of acyclovir and presence of cellular and viral thymidine kinase activity in herpes simplex virus infected cells. brief report.	herpes simplex type 1 (hsv-1) infected human lung fibroblasts show a higher viral thymidine kinase activity than infected african green monkey kidney cells. this may partly account for the higher antiviral activity of acyclovir in the former cells.	1982	6299236
complement components c3, c4, and bf in six nonhuman primate species.	the extent of cross reactivity between antisera to human complement proteins [the third (c3) and fourth (c4) components and factor b (bf)] and these proteins in the sera of six species of nonhuman primates was examined. strong cross reactivity was found with these antisera and the specific complement proteins from rhesus monkeys, stumptailed macaques, cynomolgus macaques, patas monkeys, african green monkeys, and squirrel monkeys. although molecular differences were apparent as indicated by diff ...	1982	6804713
marburg, ebola and rift valley fever virus antibodies in east african primates.	sera from 464 primates held at four institutes in kenya were tested by indirect immunofluorescence for the presence of antibodies against marburg, ebola, congo haemorrhagic fever, rift valley fever and lassa viruses. four of 136 vervet monkeys were positive for marburg virus antibodies and three of 184 baboons had antibodies against ebola virus. one baboon was positive for marburg virus antibodies. two vervet monkeys, three baboons and one grivet monkey (of 56 tested) had antibodies against rift ...	1982	6810518
animal models for the study of chlamydial infections of the urogenital tract.	various experimental animal models have been used for the study of chlamydial infections of the urogenital tract. experimental urethral and vaginal inoculation of guinea pigs with the guinea-pig inclusion conjunctivitis agent provoke urogenital infection. direct inoculation of this agent into the uterine horns of guinea pigs induced an acute self-limiting salpingitis. in cats, urethritis and vaginitis have been produced with the feline keratoconjunctivitis agent. the results obtained by using th ...	1982	6813962
hepatocystis parasitemia in wild kenya vervet monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops).	blood smears of 159 vervet monkeys from three sites in kenya were stained with giemsa and examined for hepatocystis parasites. the populations differ in incidence of parasitemia, ranging from 0-62% affected individuals. these differences are probably due to altitude and local environmental conditions.	1982	6820806
[cell kinetics and radiosensitivity of cercopithecus aethiops sabaceus lymphocytes stimulated by phytohemagglutinin].	the use of the budr-giemsa technique has shown that the peripheral blood lymphocytes of cercopithecus aethiops sabaceus display a very fast answer to pha-stimulation. at 32 h culture time numerous mitoses are already present and at 48 h more than 30% of the dividing cells are in second mitosis. exposure to x-irradiation results in a higher incidence of unstable aberrations than in human lymphocytes.	1982	6461400
changes in dna binding by purified simian rna polymerase ii under transcribing and nontranscribing conditions.	the interaction of rna polymerase ii from african green monkey liver tissue with sv40 dna was examined by a dnaase protection technique. in the absence of nucleoside triphosphates, simian polymerase binds to nicked, linear sv40 dna and protects 30 bp of binary complex dna from dnaase i digestion. with the addition of nucleoside triphosphates to initiate transcription, polymerase protects 40 bp of the ternary complex dna from dnaase i. thus, a conformational change in either the polymerase, the d ...	1982	6297563
cold adaptation of parainfluenza virus type 3: induction of three phenotypic markers.	in order to attenuate parainfluenza type 3 virus, a wild type strain that was isolated from a child with respiratory disease was adapted to replicate in african green monkey kidney cells at 20 degrees c. replication at 20 degrees c was not a property of the wild type virus. the virus was serially passaged 45 times in the cold, and clones were selected following passage levels 7, 12, 18, and 45. the population of cold-adapted virus was found to be progressively enriched with temperature sensitive ...	1982	6298358
ovarian teratoma in an african green monkey (cercopithecus aethiops).		1982	7072096
deficient repair of chemical adducts in alpha dna of monkey cells.	we have examined excision repair of dna damage in the highly repeated alpha dna sequence of cultured african green monkey cells. irradiation of cells with 254 nm ultraviolet light resulted in the same frequency of pyrimidine dimers in alpha dna and the bulk of the dna. the rate and extent of pyrimidine dimer removal, as judged by measurement of repair synthesis, was also similar for alpha dna and bulk dna. in cells treated with furocoumarins and long-wave-length ultraviolet light, however, repai ...	1982	7074686
renal tubular transport of folic acid and methotrexate in the monkey.	the renal excretion of folic acid and methotrexate (mtx) was investigated in pentobarbital-anesthetized cynomolgus, rhesus, and african green monkeys by standard clearance and stop-flow techniques. the renal clearance of folic acid was below inulin clearance at all plasma concentrations studied; the (u/p)folic/(u/p)in ratio increased from 0.26 at a concentration of 0.03 mm to a plateau value of 0.9 at concentrations above 0.2 mm, indicating net reabsorption by a saturable system. in stop-flow ex ...	1982	7081435
influence of native and randomized peanut oil on lipid metabolism and aortic sudanophilia in the vervet monkey.	vervet monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops pygerethrus) were fed cholesterol-free, semipurified diets containing 40% sucrose, 25% casein, 15% cellulose and 14% peanut oil (pno), randomized peanut oil (rpno) or corn oil (co). after 4 months, serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels, serum lecithin-cholesterol acyl transferase (lcat) activity and plasma lipoprotein lipase (lpl) activity were similar in all groups. livers of monkeys fed co converted 156% more acetate and 24% more mevalonate to cholest ...	1982	7082418
behavioral alterations during prolonged low level continuous amphetamine administration in a monkey family group (cercopithecus aethiops).	the continuous presence of endogenous psychotomimetic compounds has frequently been hypothesized in human psychopathology. in related drug-based animal models it would be necessary to demonstrate accumulating behavioral abnormalities despite a low constant drug-level. using subcutaneously implanted slow-release capsules containing a d-amphetamine base, we studied behavioral effects during 11-weeks of low level but continuous release of this psychotomimetic drug in a socially housed family group ...	1982	7082708
biological and biochemical studies of african green monkey lymphotropic papovavirus.	the growth of african green monkey lymphotropic papovavirus (lpv) in human lymphoblastoid cell line bja-b was found to be slow and inefficient due to the accumulation of defective particles. an analysis of molecularly cloned lpv dnas showed that 3 of 19 clones had dnas that were longer (5.1 kilobases) than the dnas of the other clones. the 5.1-kilobase dna was infectious for bja-b cells, whereas the shorter (4.8-kilobase) molecules were defective. unlike the wild-type virus, stocks of lpv made f ...	1982	7086969
squamous cell carcinoma in an african green monkey.		1982	7090145
molecular characterization of small polydisperse circular deoxyribonucleic acid from an african green monkey cell line.	several size classes of small polydisperse circular (spc) dna from the african green monkey cell line bsc1 have been cloned into the bacterial plasmid pbr322. analysis of the cloned spc dna fragments as well as total spc dna reveals that (a) most or all cloned spc dnas share homologies with chromosomal sequences, (b) both unique and repetitive chromosomal sequences are represented in spc dna, (c) the repetitive sequences in spc dna include two known major repeat families (the alpha and the alu) ...	1982	7093232
[spontaneous sister chromatid exchanges in cultured african green monkey cells].	the frequencies of sister chromatid exchanges (sce) were studied in primary kidney cell culture, diploid cell line 5018, pseudodiploid spontaneously transformed cell line 4647 and hypotetraploid cell line 455 of the african green monkey. bromodeoxyuridine was used at a concentration of 10 micrograms/ml. the slides were stained with acridine orange and giemsa for sister chromatid differentiation. in the first three cases, sce were scored in 100 metaphases of each culture. the distribution of cell ...	1982	7093515
metabolic disposition of acyclovir in the guinea pig, rabbit, and monkey.	two guinea pigs and two rabbits were each inoculated subcutaneously with 14c-labeled acyclovir (25 mg/kg). both species excreted the entire amount within 72 hours. the rabbits excreted all of the radioactivity in the urine while the guinea pigs excreted an average of 14.2 percent in the feces. the rabbits excreted an average of 71.0 percent of the dose as unchanged drug; 25.1 percent was excreted as 9-carboxymethoxymethylguanine (cmmg) and 3.5 percent as 8-hydroxy-9-(2-hydroxyethoxymethyl)guanin ...	1982	7102713
alterations in chromatin structure during dna excision repair.	work from a number of laboratories recently has demonstrated that alterations in chromatin structure occur during excision repair in mammalian cells. it is now clear that when cells are damaged with a wide variety of chemical agents or ultraviolet radiation, almost all of the repair synthesis is initially sensitive to staphylococcal nuclease. with time, there is a redistribution of the counts incorporated during excision repair synthesis so that many of them become nuclease resistant and associa ...	1982	7115269
the cell population of aortic fatty streaks in african green monkeys with special reference to granulocytic cells. an ultrastructural study.	it is generally accepted that the cell population of naturally occurring and experimental atherosclerotic lesions is constituted by smooth muscle cells and non-myogenic foam cells of monocytic origin. in the present investigation we studied aortic fatty streaks from cholesterol-fed african green monkeys. in addition to the traditionally recognized cell types, the majority of the lesions examined contained intimal granulocytic cells identified by their ultrastructural characteristics and granular ...	1982	7115463
transfer of african green monkey highly repetitive dna into mouse l cells.		1982	7117401
preparation of coupled mitochondria and microsomes from liver biopsy samples of african green monkeys.	a differential centrifugation method is described for isolating mitochondria and microsomes from monkey liver biopsy samples (approximately 30 mg wet weight). comparison of the biopsy sample preparation with organelles isolated from 10 g of the same liver revealed that the small-scale procedure yields mitochondria of comparable purity, and microsomes slightly more contaminated with mitochondria. the mitochondria retained respiratory control and demonstrated succinate oxidase activity at a level ...	1982	7122425
analysis of reproductive data in a breeding colony of african green monkeys.		1982	7131533
[isolation and translation of late mrna coding for the structural proteins of simian adenovirus sa7].	a total preparation of cytoplasmic rna was isolated from late stage-infected african green monkey kidney cells using phenol extraction procedure. the poly (a)-containing mrna fraction was selected on oligo(dt)-cellulose columns. the resulting mrna preparations were heterogenous in size and contained about 20--60% of sa7-derived sequences. sa7 late mrna was efficiently translated in rabbit reticulocyte cell-free system giving rise to a number of polypeptide products that were related by antigenic ...	1982	7135920
toxic potential of the plasticizer di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate in the context of its disposition and metabolism in primates and man.	although human toxicity from exposure to the plasticizer di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (dehp) is unknown, reports of animal toxicity from dehp have stimulated extensive toxicological studies. in the absence of direct toxicity data, information on the disposition and metabolism of dehp in primates and man may enhance our assessment of the toxic potential of dehp in man. studies of dehp disposition and metabolism in the african green monkey and man show that the compound is rapidly and extensively me ...	1982	7140682
subchronic toxicity of chlorine dioxide and related compounds in drinking water in the nonhuman primate.	subchronic toxicities of clo2, naclo2, naclo3 and nh2cl were studied in the african green monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops). the chemicals were administered in drinking water during 30-60 days subchronic rising dose protocols. the only unexpected and significant toxic effect was elicited by clo2; this chemical inhibited thyroid metabolism in the animals at a dose of ca. 9.0 mg/kg/day. a statistically significant decrease of serum thyroxine occurred after the fourth week of exposure to 100 mg/l.co ...	1982	7151767
synthesis of a unique polypeptide in measles virus-infected bgm cells.	in measles virus-infected bgm (african green monkey kidney) cells, a unique polypeptide (84k) was identified. this polypeptide was not found in other cell lines examined and could be immunoprecipitated with anti-np monoclonal antibody. peptide mapping studies confirmed that it contained all the peptides of the 60k np plus several additional ones. pulse-chase experiments failed to establish it as a precursor of the 60k polypeptide. the possible origin of this protein is discussed.	1982	7175504
induction of acalculous cholecystitis and pneumonitis in dogs following inhalation of constituents of cigarette smoke condensate.	in previous studies in this laboratory it was demonstrated that 1) constituents of the water-soluble phase of cigarette smoke condensate can activate hageman-factor-dependent pathways of coagulation, fibrinolysis, and kinin generation; and 2) that in vivo activation of hageman-factor-dependent pathways by intravenous injection of plant polyphenols in dogs and african green monkeys can induce acute acalculous cholecystitis and alveolitis. the purpose of this communication is to report that inhala ...	1982	7180940
serum aminopeptidases in pregnant vervet monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops).	two distinctive aminopeptidase isozymes have been identified in the serum of the vervet monkey. the l-methionine-sensitive cytosol aminopeptidase (ap; e.c. 3.4.11.1) is present in all samples, while the cystyl aminopeptidase (cap; e.c. 3.4.11.3) isozyme, which is resistant to inhibition by 0.1 m l-methionine, is found only in the serum of pregnant females. the pregnancy-specific cap isozyme appears in the serum between the fifth and the eleventh weeks of a nearly 22-week pregnancy. the overall a ...	1982	7181846
demonstration of gamma-trace in normal endocrine cells of the adrenal medulla and in phaeochromocytoma. an immunohistochemical study in monkey, dog and man.	gamma-trace was demonstrated by the immunohistochemical peroxidase/anti-peroxidase technique to occur in normal chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla from african green monkey, capuchin monkey and beagle dog and in the cells of a norepinephrine-producing human phaeochromocytoma. the presence of gamma-trace in the endocrine epithelial cells of the adrenal medulla suggests that gamma-trace might be related to the neuroendocrine system.	1982	6751008
chlamydial salpingitis.	the frequency of isolation of chlamydia trachomatis from the cervix of patients with acute salpingitis has varied between 5% and 40%. a significant change in the titer of antibodies to c. trachomatis, as studied by microimmunofluorescence tests, has been found in 18% to 46% of patients with acute salpingitis. in salpingitis patients in whom c. trachomatis is isolated from the cervix, such a change in titer has been found in 31% to 54%. patients with chlamydia-associated salpingitis are generally ...	1982	6958023
recombinant genomes which express chloramphenicol acetyltransferase in mammalian cells.	we constructed a series of recombinant genomes which directed expression of the enzyme chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat) in mammalian cells. the prototype recombinant in this series, psv2-cat, consisted of the beta-lactamase gene and origin of replication from pbr322 coupled to a simian virus 40 (sv40) early transcription region into which cat coding sequences were inserted. readily measured levels of cat accumulated within 48 h after the introduction of psv2-cat dna into african green mon ...	1982	6960240
action of cytochalasin d on cytoskeletal networks.	extraction of sc-1 cells (african green monkey kidney) with the detergent triton x-100 in combination with stereo high-voltage electron microscopy of whole mount preparations has been used as an approach to determine the mode of action of cytochalasin d on cells. the cytoskeleton of extracted bsc-1 cells consists of substrate-associated filament bundles (stress fibers) and a highly cross-linked network of four major filament types extending throughout the cell body; 10-nm filaments, actin microf ...	1982	7199055
an evaluation of dipsogenic stimuli in the african green monkey.	elevations in the concentration of plasma angiotensin ii (aii) and decline in plasma aldosterone (ald) were noted in african green monkeys at 48 hr of water deprivation but not subsequent to an equivalent duration of food deprivation, compared with nondeprived levels. in a second experiment, drinking was initiated following treatment with aii, hypertonic saline, and the beta-adrenergic stimulator isoproterenol. concomitant elevations in plasma aii concentrations were measured following isoproter ...	1982	7035508
[african green monkey cell line ramp simultaneously resistant to 8-azaguanine, 6-mercaptopurine, and 6-thioguanine].	african green monkey ramt cell line was isolated from the permanent cell line 4647 in a medium containing 10 micrograms/ml 8-azaguanine, 6-mercaptopurine, and 6-thioguanine. the ramt cells cannot grow in a medium containing thymidine, hypoxanthine, aminopterine and glycine because of the lack of hypoxanthine utilization due to hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency. it was shown that 40% of the ramt cells contain 57-58 chromosomes, and 20% of the cells are tetraploid. like normal kary ...	1982	6890862
longitudinal stability in adult status hierarchies among vervet monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops).	status hierarchies were examined in a captive group over a 12-year period (1968-1979) to establish the stability and structure of vervet monkey dominance relationships. dyadic records of spontaneous avoid, bite, chase, and supplant behaviors are summarized into a win/lose matrix to produce a rank order of status at the end of each calendar year. the 13,717 agonistic acts tabulated are drawn from both focal and ad lib data. relative rank is computed by dividing the rank position of each individua ...	1982	32197560
characterization and comparison of testicular lh/hcg receptors of rhesus monkeys (macaca mulatta) and green monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops).	testicular luteinizing hormone (lh/hcg) receptors were characterized in seven green monkeys and compared with those of four rhesus monkeys. testicular tissue showed high binding affinity for 125 i-hcg, (0.9-2.5 × 109 m-1 , and 0.7-1.64 × 109 m-1 respectively, for green and rhesus monkeys) and low binding capacity (0.343-0.682 fmol/mg and 0.198-0.355 fmol/mg testicular homogenate, respectively). there was no difference in binding affinity between the two groups. testicular lh/hcg receptors in bot ...	1982	32192236
diagonal walking in captive infant vervet monkeys.	the frequency of use of diagonal walking by three motorically immature vervet monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops) is discussed. the subjects were housed at the balcones research center (austin, texas) and ranged from 15-105 days of age. mixed longitudinal data taken from film indicated that lateral walknig was the first gait employed by the infant vervets studied, but that diagonal walking completely replaced lateral walking by 81 days of age. these data were compared with those of captive infant m ...	1982	31995905
[electrophoretic polymorphism in different subspecies of cercopithecus aethiops].	variations were observed in prealbumin, transferrin, ceruloplasmin, haptoglobin, pgm-ii and ak systems in various subspecies of cercopithecus aethiops. the electrophoretic distance between three forms seems to indicate an intermediary status between populations and subspecies. the reasons for this moderate differentiation are discussed with regard to divergence of ethological characters, as recently studied.	1982	6957364
knotted umbilical cord as a cause of death in a cercopithecus aethiops fetus.	a knotted umbilical cord was found in a third trimester cercopithecus aethiops abortus. on the maternal side of the knot, the umbilical cord was engorged with blood. the umbilical cord on the fetal side of the knot was devoid of blood, suggesting that the knot may have occluded blood flow to the fetus.	1983	6620977
structural and functional organization of the suprapatella in two cercopithecines.	gross and microscopic study of cercopithecus aethiops pygerythrus and papio cyanocephalus anubis shows that these cercopithecines have a quadriceps tendon the distal portion of which consists mostly of dense collagenous bundles with scattered fine elastic fibres most of which lie in the loose connective tissue planes within and around the tendon and around blood vessels. a distinct fibrovesicular structure, the suprapatella, lies within the tendon of the vastus intermedius above the pony patella ...	1983	6854652
[various heart measurements in the cercopithecus aethiops and their interrelations and relations to external body dimensions].		1983	6600078
diet and dominance among female vervet monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops).	behavioral observations of free-ranging female vervet monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops) suggest that priority of access to food enhances individual fitness. seventeen adult females living in two social groups were observed for 26 months in the samburu/isiolo game reserves, northern kenya. priority of access to feeding and sitting sites was associated with significant differences in diet and reproduction. food species distribution altered rank-related differences in diet. rank-related differences ...	1983	31991946
brief report: circadian variation in insulin response in african green monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops).	among a group of african green monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops), plasma insulin concentrations were greater following either intravenous (iv) glucose infusion or oral feeding at 0800 compared with iv glucose or oral feeding at 1700. glucose clearance rates after iv infusion were similar at the two test times. insulin/glucose ratios were greater following either iv glucose infusion or oral feeding at 0800 compared with 1700. these circadian variations in plasma insulin response are similar to rep ...	1983	31986857
alignment of the genome of monkey b-lymphotropic papovavirus to the genomes of simian virus 40 and bk virus.	we located the origin of dna replication of african green monkey b-lymphotropic papovavirus dna by analyzing pulse-labeled form i dna. with the replication origin used as a reference point, the b-lymphotropic papovavirus genome was aligned with the genomes of simian virus 40 and bk virus from dna homology between specific fragments hybridized under low-stringency conditions. from the results of these experiments, it was possible to deduce the correlation between the physical and functional maps ...	1983	6298468
members of the kpni family of long interspersed repeated sequences join and interrupt alpha-satellite in the monkey genome.	three different members of a family (kpni-family) of interspersed repeated dna sequences were found linked to alpha-satellite sequences in cloned segments of the african green monkey genome. in two of these segments the kpni-family member is over 6 kbp in length and one of them is flanked by alpha-satellite on both sides indicating that it was inserted into a satellite array. hybridization of subcloned portions of the family members to restriction endonuclease digests of monkey and human dna and ...	1983	6298721
the influence of iododeoxyuridine pretreatment of various cell cultures on adenovirus multiplication.	treatment of cell cultures with iododeoxyuridine (iudr) before virus inoculation may enhance the subsequent virus multiplication. this effect was studied in seven kinds of cell cultures with seven human adenoviruses from six subgenera. iudr (50 micrograms/ml) was added 24 h after the seeding of cells, left for 2 days, and removed before virus inoculation. iudr had no effect on cell proliferation. viral cytopathic effect was enhanced in many instances by iudr pretreatment. however, virus multipli ...	1983	6343819
mycoplasmal pid: a review of natural and experimental infections.	the present report is a review of data assuming an etiological relationship between pelvic inflammatory disease (pid) and mycoplasma hominis. thus the organism can be isolated from the vagina/cervix more frequently in pid patients than in any other clinical group, i.e., in half to three-fourths of all such cases. one-fourth of pid patients develop a significant antibody response to m. hominis during the course of the disease. the antibody response can be detected by indirect hemagglutination tes ...	1983	6382823
alterations in post-transcriptional modification of the y base in phenylalanine trna from tumor cells.	various tumor cells contain chromatographically distinct isoacceptor trna species. to decide whether the tumor-specific species represent an expression of a separate trna gene or only an undermodified form of normal trnaphe, nucleotide sequences of trnaphe isolated from neuroblastoma and normal mouse liver were determined by postlabeling techniques. the results showed identical sequences except for the changes of post-transcriptional modifications in the anticodon loop. normal mouse liver trnaph ...	1983	6405457
in vivo incorporation of drosophila h2a histone into mammalian chromatin.	hybrid prokaryotic/eukaryotic expression vectors have been used to introduce drosophila histone genes into cv-1 african green monkey tissue culture cells. transfection of cv-1 cells with drosophila genes under the control of insect dna promoter sequences results in low level expression of histone genes. on the other hand, when the drosophila h2a gene is juxtaposed downstream from the long terminal repeat sequence of rous sarcoma virus (rsv) expression of the insect gene is considerably more effi ...	1983	6406983
the pathogenesis of trypanosomiasis of the cns. studies on parasitological and neurohistological findings in trypanosoma rhodesiense infected vervet monkeys.	parasitological examinations of the cerebrospinal fluid of 20 vervet monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops), that had been infected with trypanosoma rhodesiense, revealed that the csf was regularly infested with trypanosomes in the early phase of the disease, at the earliest on the 13th day, in most of the animals in the 3rd or 4th week, after infection. follow-up examinations of the csf during the further course of the disease also regularly proved positive for trypanosomes. histological studies in t ...	1983	6407189
restricted repair of aflatoxin b1 induced damage in alpha dna of monkey cells.	we have investigated the processing of adducts formed by covalent binding of aflatoxin b1 (afb1) to dna in confluent cultures of african green monkey cells. repair synthesis elicited by afb1 adducts was deficient in alpha dna sequences compared to that in bulk dna, although the initial levels of modification were the same for these dnas. the removal of the primary initial adduct, afb1-n7-guanine, was deficient in alpha dna and the kinetics of its loss resembled those previously reported for remo ...	1983	6412212
the effect of splinting upon periodontal and pulpal healing after autotransplantation of mature and immature permanent incisors in monkeys.	the effect of splinting upon periodontal and pulpal healing after autotransplantation of teeth with complete and incomplete root formation was studied in 16 green vervet monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops). 2 maxillary incisors were extracted in each monkey and autotransplanted to the contralateral socket. one of these teeth was stabilized with an acrylic splint for either 2 or 6 weeks, while the other incisor was non-splinted. the animals were sacrificed 8 weeks after autotransplantation and the a ...	1983	6418671
measurement of apolipoprotein a-i concentration in nonhuman primate serum by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa).	a sensitive and specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for nonhuman primate serum apolipoprotein a-i (apoa-i) is described. the assay is a noncompetitive, sandwich elisa in which polystyrene microtiter plates were used with purified, monospecific goat anti-monkey apoa-i antibodies adsorbed on the wells. the serum samples were added to the coated wells, incubated, and after washing, antibodies conjugated to horseradish peroxidase were added. after further washing, the bound label was ...	1983	6421975
apparent hallucinations in monkeys during around-the-clock amphetamine for seven to fourteen days. possible relevance to amphetamine psychosis.	schizophrenia-like symptoms have been experimentally produced in humans by a single, large dose of amphetamine or by relatively low level, but continuous administration of the drug. in animal studies of the psychotomimetic properties of amphetamine, high doses and, in particular, repeated daily-injection drug schedules have often been used. however, amphetamine psychosis is not always a prominent effect of repeated intake drug schedules in humans and available clinical evidence suggests that psy ...	1983	6834023
accumulation of radiolabelled fatty acids in the neutral lipid fraction of measles virus persistently infected bgm cells.	the effect of measles virus infection (acute and persistent) on fatty acid metabolism has been studied in bgm (african green monkey kidney) cells. in persistently infected cells, there was an increase in the incorporation of radiolabelled fatty acids into the neutral lipid fraction. compared to uninfected cells, the increase was up to 2-fold for palmitic, stearic and oleic acids and 8-14 fold for arachidonic acid. the lipid metabolism in measles virus acutely infected cells was unmodified. the r ...	1983	6838613
in vivo antiviral activity of recombinant type alpha interferon a in monkeys with infections due to simian varicella virus.	recombinant type alpha interferon a (rifn-alpha-a) administered to african green monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops) intramuscularly in a dose of 3 x 10(6) units/kg of body weight resulted in substantial blood levels of interferon. peak levels of greater than 1,000 units/ml of serum appeared at 1 and 2 hr after inoculation and interferon was detectable for as long as 12 hr after inoculation. injection of rifn-alpha-a at a dose of 10(6) units/kg twice daily for eight days effectively inhibited simia ...	1983	6842026
cholesterol absorption and transport in thoracic duct lymph lipoproteins of nonhuman primates. effect of dietary cholesterol level.	the effect of dietary cholesterol level on cholesterol absorption and its subsequent transport in thoracic duct lymph lipoproteins was studied in two species of nonhuman primates, namely the african green monkey (cercopithecus aethiops) and the cynomolgus macaque (macaca fascicularis). each animal served as its own control because each received sequential, intraduodenal infusions of two fat-rich liquid diets that differed only in the amounts of cholesterol. the percentage of dietary cholesterol ...	1983	6854146
effect of dietary cholesterol level on the composition of thoracic duct lymph lipoproteins isolated from nonhuman primates.	the effect of two different levels of dietary cholesterol (0.16 mg/kcal and 0.79 mg/cal) on the composition of thoracic lymph duct lipoproteins was studied in two species of nonhuman primates, ceropithecus aethiops (african green monkey) and macaca fascicularis (cynomolgus monkey). diet was infused intraduodenally at a constant rate to facilitate comparisons among animals. the higher level of dietary cholesterol resulted in an increase in the amount of cholesteryl ester in lymph chylomicrons and ...	1983	6854147
unusual class of alu sequences containing a potential z-dna segment.	a potential z-dna sequence, (da-dc)9, has been found to replace the customary a-rich region in the middle of an alu family member in the african green monkey genome. this alu, bounded by imperfect direct repeats, also contains an unusual 3' end and may be a member of a large subfamily of such sequences.	1983	6865948
patterns of genetic variability in the serum proteins of the kenyan vervet monkey (cercopithecus aethiops).	an electrophoretic survey of 13 serum proteins was carried out on samples drawn from 340 vervet monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops) living in 30 troops from four different localities in central and southern kenya. the proportion of polymorphic loci is 0.17 and the average heterozygosity is 0.05. the group specific component, prealbumin carboxylesterase, and transferrin are all polymorphic. the analysis of the patterns of gene diversity show that a large part of the genic variation exists within ind ...	1983	6869512
[3h]cholesteryl ester labeling and transfer among human and nonhuman primate plasma lipoproteins.	aliquots of human and nonhuman primate plasma containing 5,5'-dithiobis (2-nitrobenzoic acid) were incubated at 37 degrees c in tubes previously coated with trace amounts of tritium-labeled cholesteryl oleate ( [3h]co). initially, cholesteryl esters were transferred at a rapid rate into plasma after which the rate slowed. during 24 h of incubation, an average of 55% of the [3h]co transferred from the side of the tube into african green monkey plasma, 44% into human plasma and 21% into rat plasma ...	1983	6869803
liposomes containing colloidal gold are a useful probe of liposome-cell interactions.	a method is described for the preparation of liposomes containing colloidal gold as an electron-dense marker to trace liposome-cell interactions. since gold sols would precipitate at the high concentrations necessary for loading a large proportion of liposomes, gold sols were formed within preformed liposomes which had encapsulated gold chloride. the optimal conditions for encapsulating the marker were ascertained for liposomes prepared by the method of reverse-phase evaporation. gold sols forme ...	1983	6871199
studies on the production of low density lipoproteins by perfused livers from nonhuman primates. effect of dietary cholesterol.	nonhuman primates consuming diets containing cholesterol develop coronary artery atherosclerosis that we have found to be highly correlated with an increase in the size and cholesteryl ester content of plasma low density lipoproteins (ldl). the present studies were designed to determine whether the enlarged plasma ldl are produced directly by the liver of cholesterol-fed monkeys. african green monkeys were fed a diet containing 40% of calories as butter fat and either 0.16 mg cholesterol/kcal (c ...	1983	6874948
interruption of an alpha-satellite array by a short member of the kpni family of interspersed, highly repeated monkey dna sequences.	we describe here the interruption of a cloned african green monkey alpha-satellite array by an 829-base-pair-long nonsatellite dna segment. hybridization experiments indicate that the sequences within the interruption are homologous to segments frequently found in the 6-kilobase-pair-long members of the kpni family of long, interspersed repeats. these data confirm and extend earlier results suggesting that sequences common to the kpni family can occur independently of one another and in segments ...	1983	6877241
the centriolar antigen expression in tc7 cells is dependent on growth conditions and occurs at a particular time point in g1.	the correlation between growth conditions and centriolar antigen (cag) expression in tc7 cells, a subline of african green monkey kidney cells, was studied. tc7 cells became quiescent when their number reached a high cell density, or when serum factors were depleted from media containing a low concentration of fetal bovine serum (fbs). there was a stoichiometric relationship between the concentration of serum present and the number of new cells produced. during proliferation, the projected cell ...	1983	6885931
monoclonal antibody to dna containing thymine glycol.	exposure of dna to ionizing or near ultraviolet radiation modifies thymine to form ring-saturated products. one of the major products formed is 5,6-dihydroxy-5,6-dihydrothymine (thymine glycol). thymine glycol can also be selectively formed by oxidizing dna with oso4. we have isolated hybrids that produce monoclonal antibodies against thymine glycol by fusing mouse myeloma cells (p3x63-ag8-6.5.3) with spleen cells from balb/c mice immunized with oso4-oxidized poly(dt) complexed with methylated b ...	1983	6888408
biochemical studies on structural and nonstructural proteins of the african green monkey b-lymphotropic papovavirus (lpv).	african green monkey (agm) b-lymphotropic papovavirus (lpv) particles were separated from infected b-lymphoma bja-b cells by neuraminidase and deoxycholate treatment and were further purified twice by cscl density centrifugation. the sds-page analysis of virus particles banding at a density of 1.3510 g/ml and radioactively labeled by 125i revealed a major polypeptide of 40,000 and two minor polypeptides of 42,000 and 29,000. in addition, in infected bja-b cells, all three viral structural polype ...	1983	6603052
detection of serum antibodies to adult t-cell leukemia virus in non-human primates and in people from africa.	the distribution of serum antibodies to adult t-cell leukemia virus (atlv) was examined as a marker for virus infection among non-human primates as well as people from africa and germany. the virus is present in africa in certain primate species including man. altogether, 468 sera from 27 monkey species were examined. only african green monkeys, less frequently also chimpanzees and crab-eating monkeys, were found to be infected. about 1-2% of people from kenya have antibodies, while atlv-antibod ...	1983	6604034
rapid selective effects by a growth inhibitor and epidermal growth factor on the incorporation of [35s]methionine into proteins secreted by african green monkey (bsc-1) cells.	confluent african green monkey kidney (bsc-1) cells secrete a protein (mr approximately equal to 24,000) that inhibits dna synthesis and growth of the same cells. using [35s]methionine to metabolically label proteins, we have found that this growth inhibitor selectively induces the bsc-1 cells to synthesize and secrete another protein with a relative mr of 48,000 on nadodso4/polyacrylamide gels. we have called this protein "inhibitor-inducible protein" (iip48). the maximal increase in rate of la ...	1983	6604275
failure of hypercholesterolemic serum to stimulate collagen synthesis in aortic smooth muscle cells from two species of nonhuman primates having different rates of collagen synthesis.	african green monkeys develop atherosclerotic lesions that are more fibrous than those found in rhesus monkeys. the purpose of this study was to determine if this difference in collagen content could be related to a specific effect of a serum component on collagen synthesis by cells of the arterial wall or to inherent differences in the arterial smooth muscle cells from these two nonhuman primate species. aortic smooth muscle cells were grown in tissue culture from both rhesus and african green ...	1983	6634702
hemolytic complement measurement in eleven species of nonhuman primates.	a microtiter system was used to measure hemolytic complement levels in serum from eleven nonhuman primate species. the species studied were macaca mulatta (rhesus macaque), macaca radiata (bonnet macaque), macaca nemestrina (pig-tailed macaque), macaca fascicularis (crab-eating macaque), macaca speciosa (stumptailed macaque), papio cynocephalus (yellow baboon), papio anubis (olive baboon), cercopithecus aethiops (african green monkey), aotus trivirgatus (owl monkey), ateles fusceps robustus (spi ...	1983	6659335
monkey animal model for study of mycoplasmal infections of the urogenital tract.	various experimental monkey models have been used for the study of mycoplasmal infections of the urogenital tract. direct inoculation of mycoplasma hominis and ureaplasma urealyticum into the urethra of male monkeys resulted in successful reisolation of the organisms from the urethra without giving rise to signs of urethritis during the observation period. the organisms were inoculated into the posterior fornix of the vagina of female grivet monkeys. during the ten-week observation period, there ...	1983	6665680
long-term infection of schistosoma mansoni in a vervet monkey (cercopithecus aethiops).	schistosoma mansoni infection in cercopithecus species monkeys has been previously monitored for up to five years. this is an account of observations made during an autopsy on a male vervet monkey which had harboured the parasite for 15 years. viable eggs had been recovered from the faeces throughout the infection, being hatched to observe the emergence of miracidia. apart from a nodular appearance of the liver capsule, which was noted before the perfusion, and localized haemorrhaging in the lar ...	1983	6679365
detection of clostridium perfringens enterotoxin by tissue culture and double-gel diffusion methods.	culture filtrates of four enterotoxin-producing strains of clostridium perfringens type a produced morphological changes in cells of 10 of 12 established mammalian cell lines tested, and particularly vero (african green-monkey kidney) and mdck (dog kidney) cells. double-gel diffusion and vero-cell tests detected enterotoxin in culture filtrates of, respectively, 29 (28%) and 56 (54%) of 103 strains of c. perfringens tested. the feasibility of cell-culture assays for the routine detection of c. p ...	1983	6302258
deca-satellite: a highly polymorphic satellite that joins alpha-satellite in the african green monkey genome.	three different cloned segments of african green monkey dna that contain alpha-satellite sequences linked to a previously undescribed, distinct monkey satellite (called deca-satellite) are described here. the cloned segments were derived from a monkey dna library in lambda charon 4a that was constructed to select for junctions between alpha-satellite and other dna sequences. the structure of the deca-satellite and of a junction between deca-satellite and alpha-satellite were studied by subclonin ...	1983	6302277
identification of a 50,000 mr protein from rabbit brush border membranes that binds clostridium perfringens enterotoxin.	a protein that binds clostridium perfringens enterotoxin was extracted with np-40 from rabbit intestinal brush border membranes. this protein was partially purified by affinity chromatography on enterotoxin-coupled cnbr-activated sepharose 4b. the molecular weight of this protein was approximately 50,000 as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. affinity-purified samples containing this protein specifically inhibited biological activity of the enterotoxin on ver ...	1983	6303335
preparation of a "functional library" of african green monkey dna fragments which substitute for the processing/polyadenylation signal in the herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase gene.	fragments of african green monkey (cercopithecus aethiops) dna (3.5 to 18.0 kilobases) were inserted downstream from the thymidine kinase (tk, tk) coding region in ptk206/sv010, a gene construct which lacks both copies of the hexanucleotide 5'-aataaa-3' and contains a simian virus 40 origin of replication, allowing it to replicate in cos-1 cells. no polyadenylated tk mrna was detected in cos-1 cells transfected by ptk206/sv010. the ability of simian dna fragments to restore tk gene expression wa ...	1983	6304500
defects in functional expression of an influenza virus hemagglutinin lacking the signal peptide sequences.	we have investigated the requirement of the signal sequence for expression of influenza virus hemagglutinin (ha). for this purpose we used a recombinant prepared from a late-region deletion mutant of simian virus 40 (sv40) and cloned influenza ha dna; the influenza dna was inserted into the late region of sv40 previously occupied by the deleted sequences coding for sv40 capsid proteins. a simple in-phase deletion was made in the ha dna, resulting in loss of 11 internal amino acids from the 16 am ...	1983	6304718
a new monkey lymphotropic papovavirus: characterization of the virus and evidence of a related virus in humans.	the biological properties of a new lymphotropic papovavirus have been described. the virus replicates only in certain human and monkey b lymphoblastoid cell lines and appears to have a strict requirement for dividing cells in order to grow. human t or null cells do not support its growth. serologic evidence has been presented to show that virtually all primates, including man, are infected with viruses similar or identical to the african green monkey lymphotropic papovavirus. approximately 30% o ...	1983	6304774
influenza virus hemagglutinin expression is polarized in cells infected with recombinant sv40 viruses carrying cloned hemagglutinin dna.	primary cell cultures of african green monkey kidney (agmk) contain polarized epithelial cells in which influenza virus matures predominantly at the apical surfaces above tight junctions. influenza virus glycoproteins were found to be localized at the same membrane domain from which the virus budded. when polarized primary agmk cells were infected with recombinant sv40 viruses containing dna coding for either an influenza virus h1 or h2 subtype hemagglutinin (ha), the ha proteins were preferenti ...	1983	6305510
radioimmunofocus assay for quantitation of hepatitis a virus in cell cultures.	a new method is described for the quantitation of hepatitis a virus in cell cultures, based on the immune autoradiographic detection of foci of infected cells (radioimmunofoci) developing beneath an agarose overlay 14 days after the inoculation of petri dish cultures of continuous african green monkey kidney cells (bs-c-1). the number of foci developing in each culture was linearly related to the dose of hepatitis a virus (either hm-175 or pa-21 strain) inoculated. focus development was prevente ...	1983	6306048
sequence specific cleavage of african green monkey alpha-satellite dna by micrococcal nuclease.	the sequence specificity of micrococcal nuclease complicates its use in experiments addressed to the still controversial issue of nucleosome phasing. in the case of alpha-satellite dna containing chromatin from african green monkey (agm) cells cleavage by micrococcal nuclease in the nucleus was reported to occur predominantly at only one location around position 126 of the satellite repeat unit (musich et al. (1982) proc. natl. acad. sci. usa 79, 118-122). dna control experiments conducted in th ...	1983	6306582
eight different highly specific nucleosome phases on alpha-satellite dna in the african green monkey.	the question of nucleosome phasing on african green monkey (agm) alpha-satellite dna has been addressed by employing a new approach. nucleosome cores were prepared from agm nuclei with micrococcal nuclease, exonuclease iii and nuclease s1. the core dna population derived from alpha-satellite dna containing chromatin was purified from total core dna by denaturation of the dna, reassociation to a low cot value, and hydroxyapatite chromatography to separate the renatured satellite fraction. after e ...	1983	6306583
kpn i family of long interspersed repeated dna sequences in primates: polymorphism of family members and evidence for transcription.	an approximately equal to 2-kilobase-pair-long member (kpn i-ls1) of the african green monkey kpn i family of repeated sequences has been cloned, subjected to sequence analysis, and compared to other family members which are over 6 kilobase pairs (kpn i-alpha 7) and 829 base pairs (kpn i-ret) long. both kpn i-ls1 and kpn i-ret lack sequences found at the ends of the longer family member and their structures resemble those of processed genes. kpm i-ls1 sequences are colinear with part of the long ...	1983	6306655
high efficiency dna-mediated transformation of primate cells.	tissue culture cells from several mammalian species, including three primate lines, were transfected with recombinant vectors carrying escherichia coli xanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase or tn5 aminoglycoside phosphotransferase dominant selectable markers. human hela and sv40-transformed xeroderma pigmentosum cells exhibited stable transformation frequencies of at least 10(-3) (0.1 percent). cv-1, an african green monkey kidney cell line, could be stably transformed with the exceptionall ...	1983	6306768
isolation, propagation, and characterization of a second equine rotavirus serotype.	a rotavirus designated strain h-2 was isolated in primary african green monkey kidney cells from a foal with diarrhea. this cell culture-adapted strain was found to be similar, if not identical, to simian rotavirus (strains mmu18006 and sa-11) and canine rotavirus (strain cu-1) and, in addition, demonstrated a one-way antigenic relationship with five human rotavirus strains (p, b, no. 14, no. 15, and yo) of the third human rotavirus serotype by the plaque reduction neutralization test. this is t ...	1983	6309657
direct isolation in cell culture of human rotaviruses and their characterization into four serotypes.	of 73 rotavirus-positive fecal specimens tested, 39 yielded a human rotavirus that could be cultivated serially in ma104 or primary african green monkey kidney cells or both; 18 were serotyped. four distinct serotypes were identified by plaque reduction or tube neutralization assay or both, and three of these serotypes were the same as those established previously by plaque reduction, using human rotaviruses cultivated by genetic reassortment with a cultivable bovine rotavirus. ten human rotavir ...	1983	6311872
isolation and characterization of an equine rotavirus.	a rotavirus, designated as the h-1 strain, was isolated from a diarrheic foal in primary african green monkey kidney cells and ma104 cells. this cell culture-adapted strain hemagglutinated erythrocytes of human group o, rhesus monkeys, guinea pigs, and sheep. it was found to be similar, if not identical, to porcine rotaviruses (strains osu, ee, and a-580) by plaque reduction neutralization and hemagglutination inhibition tests, and, in addition, it was found to belong to subgroup 1. this equine ...	1983	6313746
nucleosome arrangement in green monkey alpha-satellite chromatin. superimposition of non-random and apparently random patterns.	we have studied the structure of tandemly repetitive alpha-satellite chromatin (alpha-chromatin) in african green monkey cells (cv-1 line), using restriction endonucleases and staphylococcal nuclease as probes. while more than 80% of the 172-base-pair (bp) alpha-dna repeats have a hindiii site, less than 15% of the alpha-dna repeats have an ecori site, and most of the latter alpha-repeats are highly clustered within the cv-1 genome. ecori and hindiii solubilize approximately 8% and 2% of the alp ...	1983	6313939
herpes simplex virus defective genomes: structure of hsv-1 ang defective dna of class ii and encoded polypeptides.	sequence organization and origin of hsv-1 strain angelotti (ang) class ii defective dna (hsv-1 ang ddna1) were examined in detail by establishing physical maps and by molecular cloning. ddna1 consists of concatemers of tandem repeat units in which sequences from the ul region spanning map coordinates 0.37 to 0.415 of standard hsv ang dna are covalently linked to trs/irs sequences. the size of the repeat unit was determined to be about 8.9 kilobase pairs (kb), comprising sequences of 7.3 kb from ...	1983	6315866
male dominance, serotonergic systems, and the behavioral and physiological effects of drugs in vervet monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops sabaeus).		1983	6316362
antiherpes activity of (e)-5-(2-bromovinyl)- and 5-vinyl-1-beta-d-arabinofuranosyluracil and some other 5-substituted uracil arabinosyl nucleosides in two different cell lines.	of a series of 5-substituted 1-beta-d-arabinofuranosyluracil (5-x-arau) analogues, (e)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-arau(brvarau) and 5-vinyl-arau (varau) were the most potent inhibitors of plaque formation by two herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) strains in human embryonic lung fibroblast (helf) cell cultures. they were not only more active than 5-methyl-arau (marau, arat) and 5-ethyl-arau (earau), but even more than 1000 times more potent than the 5-fluoro, 5-iodo, 5-formyl and 5-trifluoromethyl (farau, ...	1983	6316849
nucleotide sequence of a reiterated rat dna fragment.	a reiterated component of rat dna was isolated by restriction with hindiii endonuclease and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. sequence analysis revealed that the fragment was 179 nucleotides long. unlike the known 370n reiterated rat dna fragment which contained a high m5c content (2.7 mole%), this repetitive element contained a rather low m5c content (0.5 mole%). the present rat repetitive sequence appeared to be of alpha-type as shown by its significant homologies with alpha dna sequences of ...	1983	6317441
live attenuated vaccine for hepatitis a.	the successful development of hepatitis b vaccines has stimulated interest in the active immunoprophylaxis of type a hepatitis. the development of hepatitis a vaccines has been simplified by the ability to propagate hav in tissue culture systems and the availability of animal model systems, including the chimpanzee and certain species of marmosets in which to evaluate safety and efficacy of candidate vaccines. both inactivated and live, attenuated hepatitis a vaccines are possible, but the limit ...	1983	6317493
biologic properties of viable deletion mutants of simian virus 40 (sv40) rescued from the cells of an sv40-induced hamster lymphocytic leukemia.	a lymphocytic leukemia induced by the oncogenic dna simian virus 40 (sv40) in an inbred lsh/sslak syrian golden hamster was evoked to produce infectious sv40 by fusion of the leukemia cells with grivet monkey kidney (gmk) cells and by exposure of the leukemia cells to the chemical inducers mitomycin c and cycloheximide. plaque-purified viable substrains of the rescued sv40 when studied by restriction endonuclease digestion of viral dna were found to contain small deletions within the hind iii re ...	1983	6317936
chromatin structure of simian virus 40-pbr322 recombinant plasmids in cos-1 cells.	to study the nucleoprotein structure formed by recombinant plasmid dna in mammalian cells, nuclei were isolated from cos-1 cells after transfection with a recombinant (pji1) containing pbr322 sequences and a segment of simian virus 40 containing information for a nuclease-sensitive chromatin structure. the nuclei were incubated with dnase i. dna fragments which were the size of linear pji1 dna were isolated, redigested with restriction enzymes, fractionated by electrophoresis, and detected by hy ...	1983	6318089
a mouse type 2 alu sequence (m2) is mobile in the genome.	the alu and its equivalent families of interspersed repetitive dna sequences have been found in various mammalian genomes. it has been proposed that some of them might move around the genome like known prokaryotic and eukaryotic transposable elements, as most of these sequences are flanked by short direct repeats at both ends. to prove that this is the case, however, one must demonstrate the existence of homologous sequences of dna with and without alu insertion among the genomes of different st ...	1983	6296687
functional analysis of monkey lymphocyte subsets defined by okt4 and okt8 monoclonal antibodies.	the percentages of rhesus monkey blood lymphocytes (pbl) reactive with okt4 and okt8 antibodies and the okt4/okt8 ratio showed significant correlations with the log of the immunoglobulin plaque-forming cell (pfc) response after stimulation with pokeweed mitogen (pwm). these correlations suggested that monkey okt4+ cells function as "helper" cells and okt8+ cells function as "suppressor" cells for the pfc response. this was confirmed by separation and study of enriched t- and b-cell subpopulation ...	1983	6221805
a clustering outbreak of hand, foot, and mouth disease caused by coxsackie virus a10.	a clustering outbreak of hand, foot, and mouth disease (hfmd) occurred from july, 1981 to january, 1982 in matsue city and gotsu city, shimane prefecture. thirty-seven patients with clinical hfmd were virologically and serologically examined, and coxsackie virus a10 (ca10) was isolated in 18 patients from vesicles (7/16), throat-swabs (9/31) and feces (6/7). during the period, no ca16 or enterovirus 71 were isolated from hfmd patients or from other diseases such as pharyngitis, febrile diseases, ...	1983	6321911