Publications

TitleAbstractYear(sorted ascending)
Filter
PMID
Filter
cross-sectional study of hepatic cyp1a and cyp3a enzymes in hybrid striped bass, channel catfish and nile tilapia following oxytetracycline treatment.terramycin for fish® (oxytetracycline, otc) is one of three approved drugs for therapeutic treatment of fish in the united states. nothing is known, however, of the effects of this therapeutic on drug metabolizing enzymes in fish post-treatment. the main purpose of the study was to examine whether the fish cyp1a and cyp3a enzymes would cross-react with antibodies to known mammalian cytochrome p-450 forms (cyp1a1 and cyp3a). observational feeding studies of otc effects were conducted in hybrid st ...201121458012
development and characterization of rifampicin-resistant mutants from high virulent strains of flavobacterium columnare.flavobacterium columnare is divided into three genetic groups or genomovars, genomovar ii being highly virulent for channel catfish. a modified live vaccine is currently available to prevent columnaris disease under the licensed name aquavac-col(®) . the strain of f. columnare used to generate the avirulent rifampicin-resistant mutant used in aquavac-col(®) belonged to genomovar i, the less virulent group towards channel catfish. in this study, we describe the generation and characterization of ...201121488906
an in vitro screening method to evaluate chemicals as potential chemotherapeutants to control aeromonas hydrophila infection in channel catfish.aims:  to develop an in vitro screening method to be used for identifying potential effective chemotherapeutants to control aeromonas hydrophila infections. methods and results:  using catfish gill cells g1b and four chemicals (hydrogen peroxide, sodium chloride, potassium permanganate and d-mannose), the feasibility of using an in vitro screening method to identify potential effective chemotherapeutants was evaluated in this study. in vitro screening results revealed that, at concentration of 1 ...201121501349
activity of lycorine analogues against the fish bacterial pathogen flavobacterium columnare.in a continuing effort to discover natural products and natural product-based compounds for the control of columnaris disease in channel catfish ( ictalurus punctatus ), 17 lycorine analogues were synthesized, including new benzoyl analogues 6-16, and evaluated for antibacterial activity against two isolates (alm-00-173 and biomed) of flavobacterium columnare using a rapid bioassay. two of the lycorine analogues had greater antibacterial activity than 1-o-acetyllycorine, an analogue of lycorine ...201121517109
the edwardsiella ictaluri type iii secretion system is regulated by ph and phosphate concentration through esra, esrb, and esrc.a recently described edwardsiella ictaluri type iii secretion system (t3ss) with functional similarity to the salmonella pathogenicity island-2 t3ss is required for replication in channel catfish head-kidney-derived macrophages (hkdm) and virulence in channel catfish. quantitative pcr and western blotting identified low ph and phosphate limitation as conducive to expression of the e. ictaluri t3ss, growth conditions that mimic the phagosomal environment. mutagenesis studies demonstrated that exp ...201121551284
molecular characterization and expression analysis of the channel catfish cathepsin d genes.cathepsin d is a lysosomal aspartic proteinase that participates in various degradation functions of the cell. in this study, we characterized the cathepsin d genes in channel catfish and found two genes encoding catfish cathepsin d, referred to as cathepsin d1 and d2 genes. these two genes are highly similar in genomic structure and organization, sharing a moderate level of amino acid sequence similarity (56%). genomic southern analysis suggested the presence of a single copy of each of the cat ...201121558007
identification of unique dna sequences present in highly virulent 2009 alabama isolates of aeromonas hydrophila.in 2009, a disease outbreak caused by aeromonas hydrophila occurred in 48 catfish farms in west alabama, causing an estimated loss of more than 3 million pounds of food size channel catfish. virulence studies have revealed that the 2009 isolates of a. hydrophila are at least 200-fold more virulent than a 1998 alabama isolate al98-c1b. however, up to now, no molecular markers have been identified to differentiate the highly virulent 2009 isolates from other isolates of a. hydrophila. to understan ...201121561726
use of fluorescent immuno-chemistry for the detection of <em>edwardsiella ictaluri</em> in channel catfish (<em>i. punctatus</em>) samples.while edwardsiella ictaluri is a major pathogen of channel catfish ictalurus punctatus and has been discovered nearly three decades ago (1,2), so far, to the best of these authors' knowledge, no method has been developed to allow for the in situ visualization of the bacteria in histological sections. while bacterial localization has been determined in vivo in previous studies using plate counts (3), radiometric labeled (4), or bioluminescent bacteria (5), most of these studies have only been per ...201121610669
parasites of fishes in the colorado river and selected tributaries in grand canyon, arizona.abstract as part of the endangered humpback chub (hbc) gila cypha adaptive management program, a parasite survey was conducted from 28 june - 17 july 2006 in 8 tributaries and 7 adjacent sections of the main stem colorado river (cor). in total 717 fish were caught, including 24 hbc, field necropsies yielded 19 parasite species, 5 of which (achtheres sp., kathlaniidae gen. sp., caryophyllaidae gen. sp., myxidium sp., and octomacrum sp.) are new records for the grand canyon. spearman's correlation ...201121793700
temperature effects on immune response and hematological parameters of channel catfish ictalurus punctatus vaccinated with live theronts of ichthyophthirius multifiliis.this study evaluated the influence of temperature on the immune responses and hematological parameters in channel catfish ictalurus punctatus immunized via intraperitoneal injection with live theronts of ichthyophthirius multifiliis. fish were distributed in 18 aquaria and received 9 treatments: 4 groups of fish were vaccinated with live theronts and maintained at constant temperature 15 °c, 20 °c, 25 °c and 30 °c; 3 groups of fish vaccinated and subjected to cycling temperature regime from 15-2 ...201121791246
molecular identification and virulence of three aeromonas hydrophila isolates cultured from infected channel catfish during a disease outbreak in west alabama (usa) in 2009.three isolates (al09-71, al09-72, and al09-73) of aeromonas hydrophila were cultured from infected channel catfish ictalurus punctatus during a disease outbreak in west alabama, usa, in august 2009. sequence analysis of the 16s-23s rdna intergenic spacer region (isr), cpn60, gyrb, and rpod genes of the 3 strains revealed that the 3 strains were closely related to each other, sharing 97 to 99% nucleotide sequence similarities. however, isr sequences of the 3 isolates from 2009 shared only 64% nuc ...201121790073
redescription of corallobothrium solidum (cestoda: proteocephalidea) and erection of a new genus, essexiella, for tapeworms from channel catfish (ictaluridae).abstract the proteocephalidean tapeworm, corallobothrium solidum, type species of the genus, is redescribed on the basis of the examination of its type specimens and extensive material recently collected from malapterurus electricus (type host). some morphological characteristics of taxonomic importance are reported for the first time, such as the presence of semispherical (u-shaped) sphincters on the external (outer) margin of the suckers, a vaginal sphincter, a well-developed seminal receptacl ...201121721903
development of a novobiocin-resistant edwardsiella ictaluri as a novel vaccine in channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus).the efficacy of a novel attenuated edwardsiella ictaluri vaccine (b-50348) was determined in channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus) by bath immersion and intraperitoneal (ip) injection. the vaccine was developed from a virulent strain of e. ictaluri (al93-58) through selection for novobiocin resistance. when channel catfish (average weight 10 g) were ip injected with 4.2 +ù 10ôüâ colony-forming units (cfu) of the attenuated vaccine b-50348, no fish died. however, when the same age and size matche ...201121699944
small collection techniques in the channel catfish during prolonged pharmacokinetic experiments. 20113212932
structural diversity of channel catfish immunoglobulins.this paper describes a number of observations which show that the covalent structure of catfish ig is heterogeneous and secondly that different ig l chain classes are present.20113094234
the pathology associated with visceral toxicosis of catfish.visceral toxicosis of catfish (vtc) syndrome was recognized in the late 1990 s and recently has been associated with exposure to clostridium botulinum type e neurotoxin. tentative diagnosis is based on clinical presentation and gross findings, and is confirmed by bioassay. in april 2009, channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus) from 2 different farms presented with abnormal swimming behavior and mortalities. nine fish were submitted to the aquatic research and diagnostic laboratory (stoneville, mis ...201122362805
the effect of high total ammonia concentration on the survival of channel catfish experimentally infected with flavobacterium columnare.ammonia concentrations in water can affect the severity of flavobacterium columnare infections in fish. two trials lasting 7 d each were conducted to determine the effect of a single immersion flush treatment of total ammonia nitrogen (tan; 15 mg/l) on the survival of channel catfish ictalurus punctatus infected with e columnare; the chemical was added while the water flowed continuously through the tanks. both trials consisted of four treatments: (1) no ammonia exposure and no bacterial challen ...201122216715
hepatic monooxygenase induction and promutagen activation in channel catfish from a contaminated river basin.to better understand the etiology of cancer in fish from polluted waters, the impact of environmental contaminants on xenobiotic metabolism of channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus) from a highly polluted water body, devil's swamp in southeastern louisiana, has been investigated. fish from devil's swamp bioaccumulated polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (pah), chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides (chi), and polychlorinated biphenyls (pcb) in fat tissue, the latter exceeding 7000 ppb. reference catf ...20113147889
interaction of gtp-binding regulatory proteins with chemosensory receptors.gtp-binding regulatory proteins (g-proteins) were identified in chemosensory membranes from the channel catfish, ictalurus punctatus. the common g-protein beta-subunit was identified by immunoblotting in both isolated olfactory cilia and purified taste plasma membranes. a cholera toxin substrate (mr 45,000), corresponding to the g-protein that stimulates adenylate cyclase, was identified in both membranes. both membranes also contained a single pertussis toxin substrate. in taste membranes, this ...20113102471
expression of leptin-like peptide (llp) mrna in channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus) is induced by exposure to edwardsiella ictaluri but is independent of energy status.leptin is a key pleiotropic cytokine involved in regulation of energy homeostasis and immunity in mammals. in channel catfish, the presence of a partial messenger rna sequence that encodes a leptin-like peptide (llp) has been identified and investigated. the objectives of the present studies were to clone and characterize full-length catfish llp gene, examine tissue expression of llp mrna, and determine effects of prolonged fasting and exposure to edwardsiella ictaluri (e. ictaluri), the bacteri ...201121741381
examination of the stimulatory signaling potential of a channel catfish leukocyte immune-type receptor and associated adaptor.expressed by various subsets of myeloid and lymphoid immune cells, channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus) leukocyte immune-type receptors (iplitrs) are predicted to play a key role in the initiation and termination of teleost cellular effector responses. these type i transmembrane proteins belong to the immunoglobulin superfamily and display features of immunoregulatory receptors with inhibitory and/or stimulatory signaling potential. expanding on our previous work, which demonstrated that putati ...201121703302
pathogen recognition receptors in channel catfish: i. identification, phylogeny and expression of nod-like receptors.innate immune system plays a significant role in all multicellular organisms. the key feature of the system is its ability to recognize and respond to invading microorganisms. vertebrates including teleost fish have evolved an array of pathogen recognition receptors (prrs) for detecting and responding to various pathogen-associated molecular patterns (pamps), including toll-like receptors (tlrs), nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich repeat containing receptors (nlrs), and the retinoic acid in ...201122200599
Over-expression, purification and immune responses to Aeromonas hydrophila AL09-73 flagellar proteins.Aeromonas hydrophila is ubiquitous in aquatic environments worldwide and causes many diseases in fish as well as human. Recent outbreaks of aeromonad diseases in channel catfish prompted us to investigate catfish immune responses during infection of A. hydrophila. In this communication, we report to amplify, over-express, purify and characterize 19 A. hydrophila flagellar proteins. All recombinant proteins were confirmed by nucleotide sequencing of expression plasmids, SDS-PAGE analysis and His ...201121963857
Channel catfish leukocyte immune-type receptor mediated inhibition of cellular cytotoxicity is facilitated by SHP-1-dependent and -independent mechanisms.Channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) leukocyte immune-type receptors (IpLITRs) are immunoregulatory proteins belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily that likely play an important role in the regulation of teleost immune cell effector responses. IpLITRs are expressed by myeloid and lymphoid subsets and based on their structural features can be classified as either putative stimulatory or inhibitory forms. We have recently demonstrated at the biochemical and functional levels that stimulatory ...201121945134
development and efficacy of novobiocin and rifampicin-resistant aeromonas hydrophila as novel vaccines in channel catfish and nile tilapia.three attenuated aeromonas hydrophila vaccines were developed from the virulent 2009 west alabama isolates through selection for resistance to both novobiocin and rifampicin. when channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus) were ip injected with 4×105 colony-forming unit (cfu) of the mutants, no fish died. however, when the same age and size matched channel catfish were ip injected with similar amount of their virulent parents, 80-100% fish died. similarly, when nile tilapia (oreochromis niloticus) we ...201121872628
herpesviruses that infect fish.herpesviruses are host specific pathogens that are widespread among vertebrates. genome sequence data demonstrate that most herpesviruses of fish and amphibians are grouped together (family alloherpesviridae) and are distantly related to herpesviruses of reptiles, birds and mammals (family herpesviridae). yet, many of the biological processes of members of the order herpesvirales are similar. among the conserved characteristics are the virion structure, replication process, the ability to establ ...201122163339
pathological changes in cultured channel catfish ictalurus punctatus spontaneously infected with streptococcus iniae.the pathological changes present in channel catfish ictalurus punctatus spontaneously infected by streptococcus iniae are described. the most consistent gross findings were marked petechial hemorrhages of the skin and congestion of internal organs, particularly the liver, spleen and kidneys. other features included color fading at the edge of fin rays, enteritis and ascites. histological examination showed oedema, degeneration and necrotic changes in many organs. further, hepatitis, splenitis, i ...201121932531
phenotype, virulence and immunogenicity of edwardsiella ictaluri cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate receptor protein (crp) mutants in catfish host.edwardsiella ictaluri is an enterobacteriaceae that causes lethal enteric septicemia in catfish. being a mucosal facultative intracellular pathogen, this bacterium is an excellent candidate to develop immersion-oral live attenuated vaccines for the catfish aquaculture industry. deletion of the cyclic 3',5'-adenosine monophosphate (camp) receptor protein (crp) gene in several enterobacteriaceae has been utilized in live attenuated vaccines for mammals and birds. here we characterize the crp gene ...201122015784
production of channel catfish with sperm cryopreserved by rapid non-equilibrium cooling.this report describes the feasibility of using vitrification for fish sperm. vitrification can be used to preserve samples in the field and offers an alternative to conventional cryopreservation, although it has not been systematically studied for sperm of aquatic species. the overall goal of the project was to develop streamlined protocols that could be integrated into a standardized approach for vitrification of aquatic species germplasm. the objectives of the present study in channel catfish ...201121896271
specific serum antibody responses in channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus) provide limited protection against streptococcus ictaluri challenge.passive immunization studies were conducted to determine the role of specific antibodies in immunity to streptococcus ictaluri. adult channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus) were injected i.p. with tryptic soy broth as control or with 1.5 × 10(7)colony-forming units (cfu) s. ictaluri/fish at 0, 30, and 60 d, and serum was collected 90 d after the original challenge. fish were passively immunized by i.p. injection with serum from the tryptic soy broth (tsb) control group, anti-s. ictaluri serum fro ...201121962634
Arsenic in freshwater fish in the Chihuahua County water reservoirs (Mexico).Water reservoirs in Chihuahua County, Mexico, are affected by some punctual and non-punctual geogenic and anthropogenic pollution sources; fish are located at the top of the food chain and are good indicators for the ecosystems pollution. The study goal was to: (i) determine arsenic concentration in fish collected from the Chuviscar, Chihuahua, San Marcos and El Rejon water reservoirs; (ii) to assess if the fishes are suitable for human consumption and (iii) link the arsenic contents in fish wit ...201121879861
establishment, characterization and viral susceptibility of a new cell line derived from goldfish, carassius auratus (l.), tail fin.a continuous cell line [goldfish tail fin (gftf)] derived from a goldfish tail fin, carassius auratus, was established and characterized. gftf cells predominantly consist of fibroblast-like cells that were maintained and subcultured more than 50 times over a period of 15 months. cells grew at temperatures between 15 and 37°c, with an optimum temperature of 25°c. the growth rate of gftf cells increased proportionally with the foetal bovine serum (fbs) concentration (5-20%), with optimum growth at ...201121916901
Evaluation of an in vitro cell assay to select attenuated bacterial mutants of Aeromonas hydrophila and Edwardsiella tarda to channel catfish.To evaluate the feasibility of using an in vitro cell assay to select attenuated bacterial mutants.201121895899
Antibody response of channel catfish after channel catfish virus infection and following dexamethasone treatment.Channel catfish virus (CCV, Ictalurid herpesvirus 1) and CCV disease have been extensively studied. Yet, little is known about CCV-host interaction after resolution of the primary infection. In order to determine potential recrudescence of CCV from latency, we established latency by exposing channel catfish juveniles with CCV or a thymidine kinase-negative recombinant (CCVlacZ) at a dose that caused less than 20% mortality. Then, we evaluated antibody response by serially sampling the same fish ...201121932530
generation and characterization of monoclonal antibodies against channel catfish virus.three monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against channel catfish virus (ccv) were generated from mice immunized with purified ccv. western blot analysis revealed that the mab 3g12 reacted with three ccv proteins of 94 kda, 130 kda, and 170 kda; the mab 4c4 reacted with two ccv proteins of 130 kda and 170 kda; and the mab 4d4 reacted with two ccv proteins of 94 kda and 98 kda. indirect immunofluorescence assay showed intense fluorescence in the ccv-infected channel catfish ovary (cco) cells in areas co ...201122149282
parasitism by protozoan ichthyophthirius multifiliis enhanced invasion of aeromonas hydrophila in tissues of channel catfish.protozoan ichthyophthirius multifiliis fouquet (ich) and bacterium aeromonas hydrophila are two common pathogens of cultured fish, which cause high fish mortality. currently there is no information available for the effect of parasitism by ich on survival of channel catfish and invasion of a. hydrophila in fish tissues following exposure to a. hydrophila. a trial was conducted in this study to: (1) determine whether a. hydrophila increased fish mortality in ich-parasitized channel catfish; and ( ...201122033433
the management of undesirable cyanobacteria blooms in channel catfish ponds using a constructed wetland: contribution to the control of off-flavor occurrences.an exploratory study on the management of undesirable cyanobacteria blooms with respect to off-flavor problems using an integrated vertical-flow constructed wetland (cw) was performed at a small commercial-scale channel catfish farm from 2004 to 2007. the results of the three-year experiment indicated that water treatment by the cw could reduce the possibility of dominance by undesirable cyanobacteria species that often cause off-flavor problems. a detailed investigation in 2007, showed that the ...201122000715
a study of the mechanism of in vitro cytotoxicity of metal oxide nanoparticles using catfish primary hepatocytes and human hepg2 cells.nanoparticles (nps), including nanometal oxides, are being used in diverse applications such as medicine, clothing, cosmetics and food. in order to promote the safe development of nanotechnology, it is essential to assess the potential adverse health consequences associated with human exposure. the liver is a target site for np toxicity, due to np accumulation within it after ingestion, inhalation or absorption. the toxicity of nano-zno, tio(2), cuo and co(3)o(4) was investigated using a primary ...201121851965
transcriptional profiles of multiple genes in the anterior kidney of channel catfish vaccinated with an attenuated aeromonas hydrophila.a total of 22 uniquely expressed sequence tags (ests) were identified from channel catfish anterior kidney subtractive cdna library at 12 h post vaccination with an attenuated aeromonas hydrophila (al09-71 n+r). of the 22 ests, six were confirmed to be significantly (p < 0.05) induced by the vaccination. of 88 channel catfish genes selected from literature, 14 were found to be significantly (p < 0.05) upregulated by the vaccination. the transcriptional levels of the total 20 genes induced by the ...201122019831
adhesion dynamics of flavobacterium columnare to channel catfish ictalurus punctatus and zebrafish danio rerio after immersion challenge.the adhesion dynamics of flavobacterium columnare to fish tissues were evaluated in vivo by immersion challenge followed by bacterial plate count and confirmatory observations of gill-adhered bacterial cells using scanning electron microscopy. adhesion of f. columnare genomovar i (ars-1) and ii (bgfs-27) strains to skin and gill of channel catfish ictalurus punctactus and gill of zebrafish danio rerio was compared. at 0.5 h post-challenge, both strains adhered to gill of channel catfish at compa ...201122132500
virulence of aeromonas hydrophila to channel catfish ictaluras punctatus fingerlings in the presence and absence of bacterial extracellular products.we investigated the virulence of three 2009 west alabama isolates of aeromonas hydrophila (al09-71, al09-72 and al09-73) to channel catfish ictalurus punctatus fingerlings (4.6 +/- 1.3 g) in the presence and absence of extracellular products (ecps) from overnight bacterial culture using both bath immersion and intraperitoneal injection routes. at a concentration of 1.65 x 10(8) colony-forming units (cfu) ml(-1), al09-73 without its ecps killed 100% of the catfish fingerlings within 2 h by bath i ...201121932532
modified live edwardsiella ictaluri vaccine, aquavac-esc, lacks multidrug resistance plasmids.plasmid-mediated antibiotic resistance was first discovered in edwardsiella ictaluri in the early 1990s, and in 2007 an e. ictaluri isolate harboring an inca/c plasmid was recovered from a moribund channel catfish ictalurus punctatus infected with the bacterium. due to the identification of multidrug resistance plasmids in aquaculture and their potential clinical importance, we sought to determine whether the modified live e. ictaluri vaccine strain in aquavac-esc harbors such plasmids, so that ...201122372247
a real-time polymerase chain reaction assay for quantification of edwardsiella ictaluri in catfish pond water and genetic homogeneity of diagnostic case isolates from mississippi.a quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qpcr) assay was developed for the detection and quantification of edwardsiella ictaluri in channel catfish ictalurus punctatus pond water using modifications to a published e. ictaluri-specific qpcr assay and previously established protocols for the molecular detection of myxozoan parasites in catfish ponds. genomic dna equivalents indicative of the number of bacteria in a sample were determined and standard curves correlating to bacterial numbers were e ...201122372245
global transcription analysis of vaccinated channel catfish following challenge with virulent edwardsiella ictaluri.to determine the identities of genes involved in either innate or adaptive immunity, microarray analysis of 65,182 unigene transcripts were performed to compare gene expression in vaccinated channel catfish after challenge with a virulent edwardsiella ictaluri compared to that in sham-vaccinated fish without challenge. with a filter of false-discovery rate less than 0.05 and fold change greater than 2, a total of 167 functionally known unique transcripts were found to be up-regulated, whereas 40 ...201222365332
arginine and glutamine supplementation to culture media improves the performance of various channel catfish immune cells.specific components of both the innate and adaptive immune systems of channel catfish were evaluated after supplementation of culture media with arginine (arg) and/or glutamine (gln). primary cell cultures of head-kidney macrophages (mø) were used for phagocytic and bactericidal assays against edwardsiella ictaluri. additionally, proliferation assays were conducted with naïve peripheral blood lymphocytes (pbl) exposed to non-specific mitogens. to indirectly assess amino acid utilization of both ...201222326940
expression profiles of seven channel catfish antimicrobial peptides in response to edwardsiella ictaluri infection.using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qpcr), the relative transcriptional levels of seven channel catfish antimicrobial peptide (amp) genes (nk-lysin type 1, nk-lysin type 2, nk-lysin type 3, bactericidal permeability-increasing protein, cathepsin d, hepcidin and liver-expressed amp 2) in response to edwardsiella ictaluri infection were determined. none of the amp genes tested was significantly upregulated at 2 h post-infection. hepcidin was the only one that was significantly (p<0.05) u ...201222324346
ichthyophthirius multifiliis as a potential vector of edwardsiella ictaluri in channel catfish.there is limited information on whether parasites act as vectors to transmit bacteria in fish. in this trial, we used ichthyophthirius multifiliis and fluorescent edwardsiella ictaluri as a model to study the interaction between parasite, bacterium, and fish. the percentage (23-39%) of theronts fluorescing after exposure to e. ictaluri was significantly higher than control theronts (~ 6%) using flow cytometry. theronts exposed to e. ictaluri at 4 × 10(7)  cfu ml(-1) showed a higher percentage (~ ...201222309484
global gene expression in channel catfish after vaccination with an attenuated edwardsiella ictaluri.to understand the global gene expression in channel catfish after immersion vaccination with an attenuated edwardsiella ictaluri (aquavac-esc™), microarray analysis of 65,182 unigene transcripts was performed. with a filter of false-discovery rate less than 0.05 and fold change greater than 2, a total of 52 unique transcripts were found to be upregulated in vaccinated fish at 48 h post vaccination, whereas a total of 129 were downregulated. the 52 upregulated transcripts represent genes with put ...201222245589
identification of bacillus strains for biological control of catfish pathogens.bacillus strains isolated from soil or channel catfish intestine were screened for their antagonism against edwardsiella ictaluri and aeromonas hydrophila, the causative agents of enteric septicemia of catfish (esc) and motile aeromonad septicaemia (mas), respectively. twenty one strains were selected and their antagonistic activity against other aquatic pathogens was also tested. each of the top 21 strains expressed antagonistic activity against multiple aquatic bacterial pathogens including ed ...201223029244
attenuation of a virulent aeromonas hydrophila with novobiocin and pathogenic characterization of the novobiocin-resistant strain.to determine whether novobiocin resistance strategy could be used to attenuate a virulent aeromonas hydrophila ah11p strain and to characterize the growth and pathogenic differences between the novobiocin-resistant strain and its virulent parent strain ah11p.201222897434
expression profiles of nods in channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus) after infection with edwardsiella tarda, aeromonas hydrophila, streptococcus iniae and channel catfish hemorrhage reovirus.nlrs are a large family of intracellular pathogen recognition receptors (prrs) that recognize pathogen associated molecular patterns (pamps). in the previous study, the identification of nlrs subfamily a (nods) and gene expression was carried out in channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus). however, the gene expression profiles of channel catfish nods (nod1, nod2, nlrc3, nlrc5 and nlrx1) after infection with various bacteria and virus are still unclear. in this study, expression of five nods genes ...201222796486
rna-seq analysis of mucosal immune responses reveals signatures of intestinal barrier disruption and pathogen entry following edwardsiella ictaluri infection in channel catfish, ictalurus punctatus.the mucosal surfaces of fish (gill, skin, gastrointestinal tract) are important sites of bacterial exposure and host defense mechanisms. in mammalian systems, the intestinal epithelium is well characterized as both a selectively permeable barrier regulated by junctional proteins and as a primary site of infection for a number of enteric pathogens including viruses, bacteria, and parasites. the causative bacterium of enteric septicemia of catfish, edwardsiella ictaluri, is believed to gain entry ...201222366064
identification of distant agouti-like sequences and re-evaluation of the evolutionary history of the agouti-related peptide (agrp).the agouti-like peptides including agrp, asip and the teleost-specific a2 (asip2 and agrp2) peptides have potent and diverse functional roles in feeding, pigmentation and background adaptation mechanisms. there are contradictory theories about the evolution of the agouti-like peptide family as well the nomenclature. here we performed comprehensive mining and annotation of vertebrate agouti-like sequences. we identified a2 sequences from salmon, trout, seabass, cod, cichlid, tilapia, gilt-headed ...201222815886
molecular characterization of three l-type lectin genes from channel catfish, ictalurus punctatus and their responses to edwardsiella ictaluri challenge.l-type lectins have a leguminous lectin domain and can bind to high-mannose type oligosaccharides. in the secretory pathway, l-type lectins play crucial roles in selective protein trafficking, sorting and targeting. three l-type lectins were cloned in the channel catfish, ictalurus punctatus, the 53 kda endoplasmic reticulum er-golgi intermediate compartment protein (ergic-53), the vesicular integral protein of 36 kda (vip36) and vip36-like. phylogenetic analysis indicated that the catfish genes ...201222245838
alternative complement pathway of channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus): molecular characterization, mapping and expression analysis of factors bf/c2 and df.the complement system is important in both innate and adaptive host defense against microbial infection in vertebrates. it contains three pathways: the classical, alternative, and lectin pathways. complement component factors b and d are two crucial proteases in the alternative pathway. in this study, the genes of complement factors bf/c2 and df from channel catfish, ictalurus punctatus were identified and characterized. two complement factor b-related genes, bf/c2a and bf/c2b, and factor d gene ...201222138130
fur-regulated iron uptake system of edwardsiella ictaluri and its influence on pathogenesis and immunogenicity in the catfish host.the ability of bacterial pathogens to take up iron from the host during infection is necessary for their multiplication within the host. however, host high-affinity iron binding proteins limit levels of free iron in fluids and tissues. to overcome this deficiency of iron during infection, bacterial pathogens have developed iron uptake systems that are upregulated in the absence of iron, typically tightly controlled by the ferric uptake regulator (fur) protein. the iron uptake system of edwardsie ...201222615248
genome sequence of edwardsiella ictaluri 93-146, a strain associated with a natural channel catfish outbreak of enteric septicemia of catfish.edwardsiella ictaluri is the cause of extensive mortalities and economic losses to the channel catfish industry of the southeast united states. here we report the complete genome of edwardsiella ictaluri 93-146. whole-genome sequence analysis of e. ictaluri provides a tool for understanding the genomic regions specific to the species and the edwardsiella genus.201222247535
the distribution of branchial carbonic anhydrase and the effects of gill and erythrocyte carbonic anhydrase inhibition in the channel catfish ictalurus punctatus.carbonic anhydrase (ca) activity was assayed in lysed erythrocytes and in branchial cytoplasm, mitochondria and microsomes of the channel catfish, ictalurus punctatus. branchial ca activity was highest in the cytoplasmic fraction, but activity was very low in mitochondria and microsomes. erythrocyte ca activity was over four-fold greater than that in the gills. intact animals were injected with the ca inhibitors acetazolamide and benzolamide. slow, intra-arterial injection of both inhibitors eli ...20123356962
characterization of a mannose-binding lectin from channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus).mannose-binding lectin (mbl) is an important component of innate immunity capable of activating the lectin pathway of the complement system. a mbl gene was isolated from channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus). the deduced protein contains a canonical collagen-like domain, a carbohydrate recognition domain (crd), and a neck region similar to mammalian mannose-binding lectin. the catfish mannose-binding lectin crd contains the epn motif shown previously to mediate mannose specificity. the catfish m ...201221524427
pathogen recognition receptors in channel catfish: ii. identification, phylogeny and expression of retinoic acid-inducible gene i (rig-i)-like receptors (rlrs).vertebrates including teleost fish have evolved an array of pathogen recognition receptors (prrs) for detecting and responding to various pathogen-associated molecular patterns (pamps), including toll-like receptors (tlrs), nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich repeat containing receptors (nlrs), and the retinoic acid inducible gene i (rig-i) like receptors (rlrs). as a part of the series of studies targeted to characterize catfish prrs, we described 22 nlr receptors in the sister contribution ...201222387588
microbial quality and safety of x-ray irradiated fresh catfish (ictalurus punctatus) fillets stored under co2 atmosphere.the effect of low-dose x-ray irradiation (0, 2, and 3 kgy) on pathogens, spoilage bacteria (psychrotrophic, anaerobic, and lactic acid bacteria), and physicochemical parameters of iced catfish fillets stored under carbon dioxide (co(2) ) atmosphere were studied. irradiation of 2 or 3 kgy eliminated all listeria monocytogenes (4.8 log cfu/g) and salmonella typhimurium (4.7 log cfu/g) while co(2) atmosphere alone showed less than 1 log reduction on salmonella typhimurium. there was no recovery of ...201222901245
effect of yeast polysaccharide on some hematologic parameter and gut morphology in channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus).a study was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary yeast polysaccharides on some hematologic parameters and intestinal morphology of channel catfish. channel catfish were fed diets containing yeast polysaccharides at 0 (control), 0.1, 0.2, or 0.3 % for 7 weeks. each diet was provided to 10 channel catfish specimens (5.82 ± 0.13 g initial weight) replicated 3 times in individual 250 l fiberglass tanks. some hematologic parameters, leukocyte phagocytic activity, and intestinal morphology w ...201222437370
channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus) protein disulphide isomerase, pdia6: molecular characterization and expression regulated by bacteria and virus inoculation.protein disulfide isomerases (pdis) are thought to aid protein folding and assembly by catalyzing formation and shuffling of cysteine disulfide bonds in the endoplasmic reticulum (er). currently, increasing evidence suggests pdis play an important role in host cell invasion and they are relevant targets for the host immune response. however the roles of specific pdis in teleosts are little known. here, we characterized the protein disulfide isomerase family a, member 6 (pdia6) from channel catfi ...201222561356
persistence of viral rna in fish infected with vhsv-ivb at 15°c and then moved to warmer temperatures after the onset of disease.smallmouth bass, micropterus dolomieu lacepède, bluegill, lepomis macrochirus rafinesque (coppernose strain), koi carp, cyprinus carpio l., and channel catfish ictalurus punctatus (rafinesque), were infected by intraperitoneal injection with viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus genotype ivb (vhsv-ivb) at 15 °c. when clinical signs of disease developed, one-third of the fish was moved to 20°c and one-third to 25°c. mortality in challenged fish at all three temperatures ranged from 25 to 45% in sm ...201222582793
heterogeneity in levels of serum neutralizing antibodies against viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus genotype ivb among fish species in lake st. clair, michigan, usa.the presence of neutralizing antibodies against viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (vhsv-ivb) was investigated in sera of 13 fish species collected from lake st. clair, michigan, usa, a vhsv-endemic water body. we tested 297 sera collected may 2004-june of 2010, using a complement-dependent 50% plaque neutralization test (50% pnt). neutralizing antibodies were detected in 23% (67/297) of the samples. the highest overall antibody prevalence (85%, 34/40) and mean positive antibody titer (12,113 ± ...201222493115
identification of envelope protein orf10 of channel catfish herpesvirus.channel catfish virus (ccv) is a viral pathogen of fry and fingerling channel catfish and can cause significant commercial loss. previous studies have shown that the ccv virion contains at least 25 predicted structural proteins, including viral protein 10, which is encoded by the orf10 gene of the ccv. in this paper, the orf10 gene was expressed in escherichia coli and used to produce a specific antibody. western blot analysis confirmed that open reading frame 10 is an envelope protein. a viral ...201222356443
spleen index and mannose-binding lectin levels in four channel catfish families exhibiting different susceptibilities to flavobacterium columnare and edwardsiella ictaluri.edwardsiella ictaluri and flavobacterium columnare are two bacterial pathogens that affect channel catfish ictalurus punctatus aquaculture. at the catfish genetics research unit (u.s. department of agriculture, agricultural research service), some progress has been made in selectively breeding for resistance to e. ictaluri; however, the susceptibility of these families to f. columnare is not known. our objectives were to obtain baseline information on the susceptibility of channel catfish famili ...201222870893
edwardsiella ictaluri as the causative agent of mortality in cultured nile tilapia.edwardsiella ictaluri was consistently isolated from the spleens, livers, and head kidneys of diseased nile tilapia oreochromis niloticus from a farm experiencing mortality events in several culture ponds. we describe the first published outbreak of e. ictaluri-induced edwardsiellosis in nile tilapia. pure cultures of the isolated bacteria were characterized both biochemically and molecularly. biochemical analysis was performed using the api-20e and rapid one systems, and antimicrobial susceptib ...201222838078
intraspecific diversity of edwardsiella ictaluri isolates from diseased freshwater catfish, pangasianodon hypophthalmus (sauvage), cultured in the mekong delta, vietnam.a molecular epidemiology study was conducted on 90 edwardsiella ictaluri isolates recovered from diseased farmed freshwater catfish, pangasianodon hypophthalmus, cultured in the mekong delta, vietnam. thirteen isolates of e. ictaluri derived from diseased channel catfish, ictalurus punctatus, cultured in the usa were included for comparison. all the e.ictaluri isolates tested were found to be biochemically indistinguishable. a repetitive (rep)-pcr using the single (gtg)(5) primer was shown to po ...201222804634
synergies between vaccination and dietary arginine and glutamine supplementation improve the immune response of channel catfish against edwardsiella ictaluri.channel catfish was used to investigate the enhancement of vaccine efficacy following dietary supplementation with arginine (arg, 4% of diet), glutamine (gln, 2% of diet), or a combination of both. after vaccination against edwardsiella ictaluri, humoral and cellular immune responses, along with lymphoid organ responses were evaluated. e. ictaluri-specific antibody titers in plasma were higher (p < 0.05) in fish fed the supplemented diets compared to those fed the basal diet as early as 7 d post ...201222728565
effect of ichthyophthirius multifiliis parasitism on the survival, hematology and bacterial load in channel catfish previously exposed to edwardsiella ictaluri.the effect of ichthyophthirius multifiliis (ich) parasitism on survival, hematology and bacterial load in channel catfish, ictalurus punctatus, previously exposed to edwardsiella ictaluri was studied. fish were exposed to e. ictaluri 1 day prior to ich in the following treatments: (1) infected by e. ictaluri and ich at 2,500 theronts/fish; (2) infected by e. ictaluri only; (3) infected by ich at 2,500 theronts/fish only; and (4) non infected control. mortality was significantly higher in fish pr ...201222699968
the effect of adjuvant and microbial challenge on the expression of antimicrobial polypeptides in channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus).while antimicrobial polypeptides (ampps) are increasingly recognized as one of the most important components of innate immunity, there is very little information in vertebrates that documents their upregulation to levels that are microbicidal in vivo. here we demonstrate that intraperitoneal injection of either freund's complete adjuvant (fca) or live tetrahymena pyriformis (a parasitic ciliate) upregulated ampp expression in channel catfish skin. fca induced significant upregulation of total an ...201222507196
enhanced susceptibility of channel catfish to the bacterium edwardsiella ictaluri after parasitism by ichthyophthirius multifiliis.bacterium edwardsiella ictaluri and parasite ichthyophthirius multifiliis (ich) are two common pathogens of cultured fish. the objective of this study was to evaluate the susceptibility of channel catfish ictalurus punctatus to e. ictaluri and determine bacterial loads in different fish organs after parasitism by ich. fish received the following treatments: (1) infected by i. multifiliis at 5000 theronts/fish and exposed to e. ictaluri; (2) infected by i. multifiliis alone; (3) exposed to e. ict ...201222397934
class ii, major histocompatibility complex, transactivator (ciita) in channel catfish: identification and expression patterns responding to different pathogens.nlrs are a large family belonging to pattern recognition receptors which could recognize pathogen associated molecular patterns. class ii, major histocompatibility complex, transactivator (ciita) is a member of nlr family. it is a critical transcription factor which could regulate the expression of mhc class ii. in this study, a full-length cdna of ciita was cloned from channel catfish according to ten sequenced ests. this cdna contains a 5'-utr of 71 bp, a 3'-utr of 238 bp and an orf of 3,210 b ...201223073771
birc7 gene in channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus): identification and expression analysis in response to edwardsiella tarda, streptococcus iniae and channel catfish hemorrhage reovirus.a family member of inhibitor of apoptosis protein (iap) termed baculoviral iap repeat-containing 7 (birc7) from channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus) was identified, the full length cdna sequence of channel catfish birc7 (ccbirc7) was 1686 bp, containing a 5'utr of 93 bp, a 3'utr of 399 bp with a poly (a) tail and an orf of 1194 bp encoding a putative protein of 398 amino acids. the putative ccbirc7 protein contains two bir super-family conservative domains and a c-terminal ring finger motif. ph ...201222510211
putative roles for a rhamnose binding lectin in flavobacterium columnare pathogenesis in channel catfish ictalurus punctatus.columnaris disease, caused by the bacterial pathogen flavobacterium columnare, continues to be a major problem worldwide and commonly leads to tremendous losses of both wild and cultured freshwater fish, particularly in intensively farmed aquaculture species such as channel catfish. despite its ecologic and economic impacts, the fundamental molecular mechanisms of the host immune response to this pathogen remain unclear. while f. columnare can induce marked pathologic changes in numerous ectopic ...201222960031
pond-level risk factors associated with columnaris disease on mississippi commercial catfish farms.a large commercial catfish enterprise encompassing over 500 food fish ponds from five farms covering multiple counties in the mississippi delta was included in this analysis of columnaris risk factors. a gram-negative bacterium, flavobacterium columnare, is the cause of columnaris disease and is considered the second-most prevalent bacterial disease in farm-raised catfish. the objective of this study was to determine if pond-level risk factors reported by farm personnel were associated with colu ...201222897761
catfish hybrid ictalurus punctatus × i. furcatus exhibits higher resistance to columnaris disease than the parental species.we present experimental data on susceptibility to columnaris disease, caused by the bacterium flavobacterium columnare, in hybrid catfish (female channel catfish ictalurus punctatus × male blue catfish i. furcatus) (c×b). under our experimental conditions, c×b hybrids were significantly more resistant to columnaris disease caused by the highly virulent strain of f. columnare bgfs-27 (genomovar ii) than channel catfish and blue catfish. channel and blue catfish cumulative mortalities after immers ...201222885516
transcriptomic signatures of attachment, nf-κb suppression and ifn stimulation in the catfish gill following columnaris bacterial infection.outbreaks of columnaris disease (flavobacterium columnare) are common in wild and cultured freshwater fish worldwide. disease occurrences, particularly those caused by virulent genomovar ii isolates, in aquaculture species such as channel catfish can be devastating. in contrast to other important aquaculture pathogens, little is known about host immune responses to columnaris. adhesion of f. columnare to gill tissue has been correlated in some previous studies to virulence and host susceptibilit ...201222669032
antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of flavobacterium columnare isolates collected worldwide from 17 fish species.flavobacterium columnare is the causative agent of columnaris disease in diverse fish species worldwide. although columnaris is an important disease, the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of f. columnare is not well studied. thus, the purpose of this study was to test the in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility of 97 f. columnare isolates collected worldwide between 1987 and 2011 from 17 fish species. the broth microdilution technique was utilized for reliable testing of these fastidious organi ...201322957716
short-term feed deprivation alters immune status of surface mucosa in channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus).short-term feed deprivation (or fasting) is a common occurrence in aquacultured fish species whether due to season, production strategies, or disease. in channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus) fasting impacts susceptibility to several bacterial pathogens including flavobacterium columnare, the causative agent of columnaris disease. as columnaris gains entry through the gills and skin of fish, we examined here changes in transcriptional regulation induced in these surface mucosal tissues due to sh ...201324023952
new attenuated vaccine against columnaris disease in fish: choosing the right parental strain is critical for vaccine efficacy.flavobacterium columnare, the causative agent of columnaris disease, is a highly diverse species comprised by three genomovars. genomovar ii strains are more virulent toward catfishes than genomovar i isolates. the objective of this study was to compare the vaccine efficacy of avirulent mutants derived from genomovars i and ii using a rifampicin-resistance strategy. first, we compared the efficacy of 13 genomovar ii mutants in channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus) fingerlings and identified muta ...201324012568
basal polarization of the mucosal compartment in flavobacterium columnare susceptible and resistant channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus).the freshwater bacterial pathogen, flavobacterium columnare, infects a variety of ornamental and farmed fish species worldwide through mucosal attachment points on the gill and skin. while previous studies have demonstrated a chemotactic response of f. columnare to fish mucus, little is known about how host gill mucosal molecular and cellular constituents may impact rates of adhesion, tissue invasion, and ultimately, mortality. here, we describe the use of rna-seq to profile gill expression diff ...201323895942
biofilm formation by the fish pathogen flavobacterium columnare: development and parameters affecting surface attachment.flavobacterium columnare is a bacterial fish pathogen that affects many freshwater species worldwide. the natural reservoir of this pathogen is unknown, but its resilience in closed aquaculture systems posits biofilm as the source of contagion for farmed fish. the objectives of this study were (i) to characterize the dynamics of biofilm formation and morphology under static and flow conditions and (ii) to evaluate the effects of temperature, ph, salinity, hardness, and carbohydrates on biofilm f ...201323851087
ungeremine and its hemisynthesized analogues as bactericides against flavobacterium columnare.the gram-negative bacterium flavobacterium columnare is the cause of columnaris disease, which can occur in channel catfish ( ictalurus punctatus ). in a previous study, the betaine-type alkaloid ungeremine, 1, obtained from pancratium maritimum l. was found to have strong antibacterial activity against f. columnare. in this study, analogues of 1 were evaluated using a rapid bioassay for activity against f. columnare to determine if the analogues might provide greater antibacterial activity and ...201323331165
a loop-mediated isothermal amplification method for the detection of members of the genus ranavirus.a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) method was developed for detection of members of the genus ranavirus. the optimum reaction mixture contained 2.5 μl of each inner primer, rv-fip (20 pmol/μl) and rv-bip (20 pmol/μl), 0.5 μl of each outer primer, rv-f3 (10 pmol/μl) and rv-b3 (10 pmol/μl), 1.25 μl of each loop primer, rv-lf (20 pmol/μl) and rv-lb (20 pmol/μl), 3.5 μl dntp mix (10 mm each), 8 μl mgso4 (25 mm), 1 μl of bst dna polymerase (8 u/ml, large fragment; new england biolabs inc ...201323665768
complete genome sequence of channel catfish gastrointestinal septicemia isolate edwardsiella tarda c07-087.edwardsiella tarda is a gram-negative facultative anaerobe causing disease in animals and humans. here, we announce the complete genome sequence of the channel catfish isolate e. tarda strain c07-87, which was isolated from an outbreak of gastrointestinal septicemia on a commercial catfish farm.201324265493
establishment, characterization and viral susceptibility of two cell lines derived from leopard wrasse macropharyngodon geoffroy.two new fish cell lines were established from skin (lwsk) and fin (lwfn) of leopard wrasse macropharyngodon geoffroy. these cells grew optimally at 25° c in leibovitz-15 medium supplemented with 10% foetal bovine serum. proliferation of m. geoffroy cells remained serum dependent up to cell passage 16, and cell-plating efficiency ranged from 12 to 16%. karyotypic analysis of these new cell lines at cell passage 8 indicated that both cell lines remained diploid with a peak chromosomal count of 144 ...201323991874
status and future perspectives of vaccines for industrialised fin-fish farming.fin fish farming is developing from extensive to intensive high industrial scale production. production of fish in high-density growth conditions requires effective vaccines in order to control persistent and emerging diseases. vaccines can also have significant positive impact on the reduced usage of antibiotics. this was demonstrated when vaccines were introduced in norway for atlantic salmon (salmo salar) in the late eighties and early nineties, resulting in a rapid decline of antibiotics con ...201323769873
polybrominated diphenyl ether metabolism in field collected fish from the gila river, arizona, usa--levels, possible sources, and patterns.polybrominated diphenyl ethers (pbdes) were determined in fish collected from the gila river, arizona, a tributary of the colorado river in the lower part of the colorado river basin. fish samples were collected at sites on the gila river downstream from hayden, phoenix, and arlington, arizona in late summer 2003. the gila river is ephemeral upstream of the phoenix urban area due to dams and irrigation projects and has limited perennial flow downstream of phoenix due to wastewater and irrigation ...201322939514
residues of organochlorine insecticides, polychlorinated biphenyls, and heavy metals in biota from apalachicola river, florida, 1978.seventy-seven composite samples composed of largemouth bass ( micropterus salmoides ), channel catfish ( ictaluras punctatus), threadfin shad ( dorosoma petenense ), asiatic clam (corbicula fluminea ), burrowing mayfly ( hexagenia sp.), water snake ( natrix spp.), and little green heron ( butorides virescens ) were collected from upper and lower reaches of the apalachicola river, florida, in 1978 for residue analysis of organochlorine insecticides, pcbs (polychlorinated biphenyls), and metals. c ...20136427177
transcriptional regulation of teleost aicda genes. part 1 - suppressors of promiscuous promoters.in order to better understand antibody affinity maturation in fishes we sought to identify gene regulatory elements that could drive expression of activated b-cell specific fluorescent reporter transgenes in zebrafish. specifically the promoter and several non-coding regions of the channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus) and zebrafish (danio rerio) were tested for transcriptional activity using a dual luciferase reporter system in transfected fish leukocytes and two mammalian cell lines that const ...201324161771
isolation and characterization of a homogeneous acid phosphatase from catfish liver.a homogeneous, tartrate-inhibitable acid phosphatase (acpase) was obtained from the liver of channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus) by the use of affi gel-10-coupled aminohexyltartramic acid affinity chromatography. the enzyme has a molecular weight of 82,500 and is a dimer consisting of two apparently equivalent subunits with subunit weights of 35,000 +/- 3000. amino acid composition data are presented and compared with those of mammalian acid phosphatases. data suggest that the enzyme is a meta ...20134017537
protein and energy requirements of fingerling channel catfish for maintenance and maximum growth.in two separate experiments, purified diets containing 25% crude protein and 2.85 kcal/g and 35% crude protein and 3.99 kcal/g were fed at incremental rates [0-5% of body weight (bw)/d] to fingerling channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus) in aquaria for 8 wk. linear (r2 = 0.95) increases in growth rate were observed in each experiment with increases in feeding rate up to 8.75 g protein/(kg bw x d) and 99.75 kcal energy/(kg bw x d). regressing growth rate back to zero resulted in maintenance requi ...20133794821
implication of lateral genetic transfer in the emergence of aeromonas hydrophila isolates of epidemic outbreaks in channel catfish.to investigate the molecular basis of the emergence of aeromonas hydrophila responsible for an epidemic outbreak of motile aeromonad septicemia of catfish in the southeastern united states, we sequenced 11 a. hydrophila isolates that includes five reference and six recent epidemic isolates. comparative genomics revealed that recent epidemic a. hydrophila isolates are highly clonal, whereas reference isolates are greatly diverse. we identified 55 epidemic-associated genetic regions with 313 predi ...201324278351
mechanisms of intrinsic resistance to antimicrobial peptides of edwardsiella ictaluri and its influence on fish gut inflammation and virulence.the genus edwardsiella comprises a genetically distinct taxon related to other members of the family enterobacteriaceae. it consists of bacteria differing strongly in their biochemical and physiological features, natural habitats, and pathogenic properties. intrinsic resistance to cationic antimicrobial peptides (camps) is a specific property of the genus edwardsiella. in particular, edwardsiella ictaluri, an important pathogen of the catfish (ictalurus punctatus) aquaculture and the causative a ...201323676433
identification and characterization of micrornas in channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus) by using solexa sequencing technology.channel catfish (ictalurus spp.) is an economically important species in freshwater aquaculture around the world and occupies a prominent position in the aquaculture industry of the united states. micrornas (mirnas) play important roles in the regulation of almost every biological process in eukaryotes; however, there is little information available concerning mirnas in channel catfish. in this study, a small-rna cdna library was constructed from 10 tissues of channel catfish, and solexa sequenc ...201323342099
isolation of bacteroides from fish and human fecal samples for identification of unique molecular markers.bacteroides molecular markers have been used to identify human fecal contamination in natural waters, but recent work in our laboratory confirmed cross-amplification of several human-specific bacteroides spp. assays with fecal dna from fish. for identification of unique molecular markers, bacteroides from human (n = 4) and fish (n = 7) fecal samples were cultured and their identities were further confirmed using rapid id 32a api strips. the 16s rdna from multiple isolates from each sample was pc ...201324313449
complete genome sequence of a channel catfish epidemic isolate, aeromonas hydrophila strain ml09-119.aeromonas hydrophila is a gram-negative, rod-shaped, mesophilic bacterium that infects both aquatic poikilothermic animals and mammals, including humans. here, we present the complete genome sequence of aeromonas hydrophila strain ml09-119, which represents a clonal group of a. hydrophila isolates causing outbreaks of bacterial septicemia in channel catfish since 2009.201324051325
comparative transcriptional analysis reveals distinct expression patterns of channel catfish genes after the first infection and re-infection with aeromonas hydrophila.to determine whether transcriptional levels of channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus) genes are differentially regulated between a first infection with aeromonas hydrophila and a re-infection, suppression subtractive hybridization (ssh) was performed in this study using anterior kidney cdna after the re-infection as tester. of the 96 clones isolated from the ssh library, 28 unique expressed sequence tags (ests) were obtained, of which eight were confirmed to be slightly but significantly (p < 0.0 ...201324036330
Refresh
firstprev
123456789
nextlast
Displaying items 601 - 700 of 837