Publications

nematocidal activity of long alkyl chain amides, amines, and their derivatives on dog roundworm larvae.	the nematocidal activity of amides and amines having a long alkyl chain against the second-stage larva of dog roundworm, toxocara canis, was examined. long chain acyl amides with smaller substituents on the nitrogen showed stronger activity and the activity of cyclic amine amides was stronger than that of acyclic ones. in a series of homologous amides, the activity was dependent on the alkyl chain length: it reached a maximum at an optimal chain length and decreased in both shorter and longer ho ...	1992	1294326
[clinical course of symptomatic toxocariasis in a 10-year-old boy].	a case is described of symptomatic toxocariasis in a boy, with massive invasion of the parasites and strong response of the organism. the course of the disease was very serious.	1992	1295245
standardization of dot-elisa for the serological diagnosis of toxocariasis and comparison of the assay with elisa.	the dot-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (dot-elisa) was standardized using somatic (s) and excretory-secretory (es) antigens of toxocara-canis for the detection of specific antibodies in 22 serum samples from children aged 1 to 15 years, with clinical signs of toxocariasis. fourteen serum samples from apparently normal individuals and 28 sera from patients with other pathologies were used as controls. all samples were used before and after absorption with ascaris suum extract. when the results ...	1992	1307410
development and characterization of a model of eosinophil-mediated cardiomyopathy in rats infected with toxocara canis.	this study begins testing the hypothesis that a causal relationship exists between hypereosinophilia and cardiac dysfunction. rats infected with the nematode toxocara canis develop marked hypereosinophilia, with peak blood eosinophil levels of approximately 3,500 eosinophils/mm3 whole blood observed approximately 14 days postinfection. corresponding to the increase in blood eosinophils of infected animals was a decrease in cardiac performance. by 14 days postinfection, cardiac work had declined ...	1992	1317127
the significance of the "lung phase" in host-helminth relations.	many helminth infections have a "lung phase" whose significance considering the host-parasite relations has not yet been clarified. in some nematode infections larvae must pass through the lungs, in others adult worms live in the respiratory tract, and some others cause tropical pulmonary eosinophilia. some examples of these infections (nippostrongylus brasiliensis, schistosoma mansoni, trichinella spiralis and toxocara canis) are considered to clarify whether this phase of infection is a "pro-h ...	1992	1339975
interrelationship between schistosomiasis and concomitant diseases.	the biological literature contains many examples of mutual influences between different species of parasites, especially with respect to concomitant helminth infections. several situations are known in which the association of infection by schistosoma mansoni with other pathogens in the same host results in a type of disease which differs from the simple summation of the individual effects of each infection. the present study concerns concomitant infections involving s. mansoni and enterobacteri ...	1992	1343911
toxocara canis: monoclonal antibodies to carbohydrate epitopes of secreted (tes) antigens localize to different secretion-related structures in infective larvae.	the major secreted glycoproteins of toxocara canis larvae appear to be derived from two specialized organs within the nematode organism. using immunogold electron microscopy, we have analyzed the binding patterns of a panel of monoclonal antibodies (tcn-1 to tcn-8) reactive with toxocara excretory-secretory (tes) antigens. we find, first, that the esophageal gland and lumen are strongly reactive with monoclonals tcn-4, tcn-5, and tcn-8, and because the posterior portion of the gut is closed, we ...	1992	1379195
oxygen radical scavengers protect against eosinophil-induced injury in isolated perfused rat lungs.	the protective effect of oxygen radical scavengers on lung injury induced by activated eosinophils was examined in isolated perfused rat lungs. eosinophils were obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage from rats infected with toxocara canis and activated with phorbol myristate acetate (pma). there were no changes in pulmonary vascular (rt) and airway (raw) resistances and only minimal changes in vascular permeability assessed using the capillary filtration coefficient (kf,c) in pma control lungs and n ...	1992	1399998
evaluation of an immunoenzymatic assay detecting specific anti-toxocara immunoglobulin e for diagnosis and posttreatment follow-up of human toxocariasis.	in order to complete the immunodiagnosis of human toxocaral disease, an immunoenzymatic assay with excretory-secretory antigens from toxocara canis larvae was developed for the detection of specific immunoglobulin e (sige enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [elisa]). the specificity of the assay was evaluated in patients presenting with various allergic or helminthic diseases. the sensitivity was assessed in patients exhibiting clinical and biological symptoms indicative of toxocariasis, serodiagn ...	1992	1400990
il-4 and ifn (alpha and gamma) exert opposite regulatory effects on the development of cytolytic potential by th1 or th2 human t cell clones.	the cytolytic potential of a total number of 118 cd4+ human t cell clones specific for purified protein derivative (ppd) from mycobacterium tuberculosis, tetanus toxoid, lolium perenne group i allergen (lol p i), poa pratensis group ix allergen (poa p ix), or toxocara canis excretory/secretory antigen(s) (tes) was assessed by both a lectin (pha)-dependent and a mhc-restricted lytic assay and compared with their profile of cytokine secretion. the majority of clones with th1 or th0 cytokine profil ...	1992	1401925
[ocular manifestations of selected zoonoses in humans].	a report is given on the epidemiology and clinical signs of some selected zoonoses that may be of significance for ocular infections in man: brucellosis, leptospirosis, lyme borreliosis, lymphocytic choriomeningitis, newcastle disease, ornithosis (chlamydiosis), rabies, streptococcus suis infection, larva migrans ocularis by toxocara canis or baylisascaris procyonis, toxoplasmosis and tularemia.	1992	1412422
[visceral toxocariasis in three children].		1992	1413796
lectin binding to secretory structures, the cuticle and the surface coat of toxocara canis infective larvae.	toxocara canis infective larvae are known to produce abundant glycosylated molecules which may be found associated with the surface or secreted into their environment. using a range of fluorescein-conjugated and gold-conjugated lectins, the localization of particular carbohydrates was defined on the surface of live parasites, and internally at the ultrastructural level. surface exposure of n-acetyl galactosamine and n-acetyl glucosamine was deduced by binding of fitc-conjugated helix pomatia (hp ...	1992	1454426
biosynthesis and glycosylation of serine/threonine-rich secreted proteins from toxocara canis larvae.	toxocara canis infective stage larvae continually produce excretory-secretory (tes) glycoproteins in long-term in vitro culture. the kinetics of synthesis and secretion were studied by metabolic labelling with radioactive [35s]methionine, [14c]serine and [14c]threonine. maximal incorporation rates required overnight pre-incubation of parasites in medium depleted of the appropriate amino acid. larvae rapidly incorporated isotope into their somatic tissues, but there was a minimum delay of 10 h be ...	1992	1454427
[the helminth fauna of the red fox (vulpes vulpes linne, 1758) in nordhessen and ostwestfalen. 2. nematodes].	between november 1989 and june 1990 a total number of 397 foxes were examined for the presence of nematodes in the stomach and the small intestine and 403 foxes for the presence of trichinella spiralis larvae. the animals came from the districts of kassel, arnsberg and detmold. in 32.7% of the foxes infections with toxocara canis were found, in 11.1% toxascaris leonina, in 3.8% ancylostoma caninum, in 3.5% uncinaria stenocephala and in 2.3% capillaria species. in most cases the number of nematod ...	1992	1459030
seroprevalence of toxocara canis antibodies in humans in northern jordan.	sera of 699 individuals, aged between 5-24 years, from the irbid area, jordan, were tested for toxocara canis antibodies using an elisa-igg test. crude prevalence was 10.9% (76 of 699) but age-adjusted prevalence was 14.3%. the highest prevalence was observed in females aged 5-9 years, 23.3% (7 of 30), and males of 15-19 years of age, 19.5% (16 of 82). the lowest prevalence was observed in females aged 20-25 years, 5.2% (8 of 155). significant differences (p < 0.05) between the prevalences of th ...	1992	1469262
efficacy of a drug combination of praziquantel, pyrantel embonate, and febantel against helminth infections in dogs.	tablets containing praziquantel, pyrantel embonate, and febantel were tested for efficacy against helminths in dogs. a single treatment with this drug combination gave 100% reductions in toxocara canis and taenia hydatigena in experimentally induced infections in dogs. in dogs with naturally acquired infections, treatment gave > 97 to 98% reductions in fecal egg counts attributable to toxascaris leonina, t canis, and uncinaria stenocephala. efficacy against trichuris vulpis was > 92%.	1992	1476306
seroprevalence of toxocara canis antibodies among orang asli (aborigines) in peninsular malaysia.	an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using excretory-secretory antigens of the second stage larvae maintained in vitro was used to determine the seroprevalence of toxocara antibodies in orang asli (aborigines) of peninsular malaysia. the mean + 3 sd optical density of 30 healthy subjects was used as the cut-off point. overall prevalence was found to be 31.9%. no significant relationship was found between positive rates with sex and age groups, though children between 0 to 9 years recorded the hi ...	1992	1488706
visceral larva migrans in seven members of one family in trinidad.	the occurrence of the first seven cases of visceral larva migrans in trinidad and tobago is described. all cases occurred in children of the same family. the elisa test was used to confirm the clinical diagnosis.	1992	1496701
renal involvement in mice experimentally infected with toxocara canis embryonated eggs.	histological examination of kidneys from mice experimentally infected with toxocara canis embryonated eggs demonstrated the presence of a segmental or diffuse mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis. immunohistochemical studies established that renal alterations were associated with glomerular deposits of igg, igm and third component of complement (c3). these findings suggest that an immunomediated mechanism might possibly be involved in the genesis of kidney damage observed in mice infected wi ...	1992	1496786
a rare case of toxocara canis arachnoidea.	the authors present a case of toxocara canis arachnoidea located in the cervical zone. the rarity of the case and the extreme rarity of the position are emphasized. in fact in medical literature there exists a description of only one similar case which was also observed by one of the authors.	1992	1500961
seroepidemiologic study of toxocariasis and strongyloidiasis in institutionalized mentally retarded adults.	serologic surveys for toxocara canis and strongyloides sp., as well as stool examinations for intestinal parasites, were conducted in a home for mentally retarded adults. evidence of parasitic infection was found in 30 (28.3%) of 106 residents; nine (8.5%) had positive toxocaral serology (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay[elisa]), 1 (0.9%) had positive serology for stronglyoides sp. (elisa), and 21 (19.8%) had parasites in stool (including stronglyoides stercoralis in the patient with positive s ...	1992	1558266
protein chromatographic study on adult ascaris lumbricoides, ascaris vitulorum and toxocara canis.	chromatographic analysis using sephacryl s-300 was done on protein extract of adult ascaris lumbricoides, a. vitulorum and toxocara canis worms. six fractions were separated from both ascaris species and nine from t. canis. fractions revealed a variety of molecular weights in relation to the three species of worms that ranged from 6,000-70,000 daltons. crude extract of t. canis showed cross reaction with both species of ascaris sera using double gel diffusion, while no reaction was obtained usin ...	1992	1578165
efficacy of ivermectin and pyrantel pamoate combined in a chewable formulation against heartworm, hookworm, and ascarid infections in dogs.	eight trials were conducted in dogs to document the efficacy of ivermectin (6 micrograms/kg of body weight) and pyrantel pamoate (5 mg of active pyrantel/kg) in a beef-based chewable formulation against dirofilaria immitis, ancylostoma caninum, uncinaria stenocephala, toxocara canis, and toxascaris leonina. three studies involved induced infection with d immitis, and 5 studies involved induced or natural infection with hookworms and ascarids. in 3 intestinal parasite trials, the efficacy of the ...	1992	1586021
the prevalence of toxocara canis ova in soil samples from parks and gardens in the london area.		1992	1603928
[myelitis caused by toxocara canis (larva migrans)].	a young woman presented with recurrent myelitis associated with persistent eosinophilia in blood and csf. specific serological procedures in blood and csf led to the diagnosis of visceral larva migrans. the patient recovered after 21 days of treatment with diethylcarbamazine. to our knowledge, this is the second report of myelitis in the course of visceral larva migrans.	1992	1604114
the prevalence of toxocara canis ova in soil samples from parks and gardens in the london area.		1992	1609053
[ocular toxocara canis in a 30-year-old adult].	pars plana vitrectomy was performed in a 30-year-old patient who presented a posterior traction detachment due to an inflammatory granuloma. the granuloma removed in toto during surgery revealed characteristic features of toxocariasis lesion (first case described in the literature). an elisa test performed on a vitreous sample was strongly positive. retinotomy around the granuloma was necessary to re-attach the retina and silicone oil was used as a tamponade for 4 months. va improved from hm to ...	1992	1614145
acute eosinophilic pneumonia due to toxocariasis with bronchoalveolar lavage findings.	a previously healthy young man presented with breathlessness, diffuse pulmonary infiltrates on the chest x-ray film, and a high degree of peripheral blood eosinophilia. analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) fluid showed 64 percent eosinophils. a diagnosis of toxocariasis was eventually reached on the basis of a positive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for toxocara canis. the routine performance of the elisa test for toxocara in the diagnostic approach to pulmonary infiltration with ...	1992	1623771
a method for the recovery of infective larvae from toxocara canis eggs for collection of larval secretory/excretory products.		1992	1626874
toxocara canis: a labile antigenic surface coat overlying the epicuticle of infective larvae.	an electron-dense coat covering the surface of toxocara canis infective-stage larvae is described. this coat readily binds to cationized ferritin and ruthenium red, indicating a net negative charge and mucopolysaccharide content, and can be visualized by immuno-electron microscopy only if cryosectioning is employed. monoclonal antibodies reactive to the surface of live larvae bind the surface coat but not the underlying cuticle in ultrathin cryosections. the surface coat is dissipated on exposur ...	1992	1639165
cross-reactions of sera from toxocara canis-infected mice with toxascaris leonina and ascaris suum antigens.	the elisa method using larval excretory-secretory (e/s) products and homogenized toxocara canis, toxascaris leonina and ascaris suum adult worm extract were used to determine possible cross-reactions in balb/c and c57bl/10 mice, inoculated with embryonated eggs or adult worm extract of t. canis in single and multiple doses. when we used sera of mice infected with embryonated eggs of t. canis against different heterologous antigens, we observed no cross-reactions in balb/c mice against a. suum e/ ...	1992	1639565
[frequency of finding helminths eggs in canine stool samples collected in public places in the la plata city, argentina].	a study was carried out in order to determine the level of contamination with helminth eggs in different sectors of the city of la plata, argentina. a total of 351 fecal pools were collected from streets (328) and parks and public places (23) of this locality. of these fecal pools, 117 (33.3%) contained eggs of at least one helminth species. the overall frequencies found were: uncinaria sp. 16.0%, trichuris vulpis 9.7% and toxocara canis 10.5%.	1993	7993539
mechanisms of eosinophilia in toxocara canis infected mice: in vitro production of interleukin 5 by lung cells of both normal and congenitally athymic nude mice.	mechanisms of eosinophilia were compared between in vitro bone marrow cell cultures of congenitally athymic (nu/nu) mice and their heterozygous littermates (nu/+). cultures of 5 x 10(4) bone marrow cells using interleukin 3 (il-3), il-5 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor showed that nu/nu and nu/+ mice mimicked each other in eosinophil production both before and after infection with toxocara canis. eosinophil differentiating activity (eda) was detected in media conditioned by s ...	1993	7877846
antibody to interleukin 5 prevents blood and tissue eosinophilia but not liver trapping in murine larval toxocariasis.	mice previously sensitized by infective-stage larvae of the canine nematode, toxocara canis, trap large numbers of challenge larvae within the liver; trapped larvae are found within eosinophilic granulomas. to investigate the role of eosinophils in this phenomenon we examined larval trapping in mice depleted of blood and tissue eosinophils by treatment with a monoclonal antibody (moab) (trfk-5) produced against recombinant murine interleukin 5 (rmil-5). control mice received either an isotype-ma ...	1993	7877847
the aba-1 allergen of the nematode ascaris suum: epitope stability, mass spectrometry, and n-terminal sequence comparison with its homologue in toxocara canis.	aba-1 is a major allergen of nematode parasites of the genus ascaris which includes the large roundworms of humans and pigs, a. lumbricoides and a. suum, respectively. the allergen was purified from a. suum by immunoaffinity chromatography for immunochemical examination. the ige antibody repertoire is under mhc control in infected rodents and the ige-binding epitopes were robust to treatment with heat or periodate, and electroblotting on nitrocellulose. this implies that the ige epitopes compris ...	1993	7682160
dirofilaria immitis: detection of parasite-specific antigen by monoclonal antibodies in glomerulonephritis in infected dogs.	for the identification of circulating parasite antigens associated with immune-complex glomerulonephritis in dogs infected with dirofilaria immitis, monoclonal antibodies (mabs) were generated against adult worms. a total of 11 mabs were selected for cloning because of their high productivity and their lack of cross-reactivity with toxocara canis in indirect immunofluorescence tests. the ability of mabs to detect circulating antigens was examined using an antigen-capture enzyme-linked immunosorb ...	1993	7682327
intestinal helminth parasite community in wolves (canis lupus) in italy.	from 1987 to 1993, 89 wolves (canis lupus) collected throughout the whole italian range were examined for intestinal helminth parasites. twelve species were found, including 5 nematodes (uncinaria stenocephala, toxocara canis, ancylostoma caninum, trichuris vulpis and toxascaris leonina) and 7 cestodes (echinococcus granulosus, taenia hydatigena, t. multiceps, t. pisiformis, t. ovis, mesocestoides lineatus and dipylidium caninum). no significant differences were detected between sexes. t. canis ...	1993	8065823
presence of lipids in the secretory/excretory product from toxocara canis.	the presence of lipids in the secretory/excretory product obtained from toxocara canis has been demonstrated. the fatty acids found were mostly saturated, such as myristic (14:0), palmitic (16:0) and stearic (18:0). in addition, important quantities of oleic and linoleic acids (18:1 and 18:2) and cholesterol were detected. three more fatty acids appearing in low percentages are still to be identified.	1993	8128580
a seroepidemiological study of human toxocara infection in the slovak republic.	sera of 908 blood donors, average age 35 years, living in towns and villages of the slovak republic were tested for toxocara canis antibodies using an elisa-igg test. the seroprevalence in the healthy population was estimated at 13.65%. antibodies were predominantly demonstrated in the sera from persons living in rural communities (17.09%) compared to the sera investigated from urban communities (11.82%). women had a significantly higher seropositivity than men. the serological response in 2703 ...	1993	8132974
[toxocara ova in parks and sand-boxes in the city of utrecht].	an investigation was carried out for the presence of toxocara spp. eggs in public parks and children's sand-boxes in the city of utrecht. the pollution of parks with the eggs of the dog's ascarid toxocara canis is comparable with reports from other european cities. the eggs of toxocara cati were found in small numbers only. interestingly there was no difference between parks with or without formal exclusion of dogs. most sand-boxes are polluted with the eggs of the ascarid of cats t. cati. incid ...	1993	8211920
nematocidal activity of turmeric: synergistic action of curcuminoids.	a new curcuminoid, cyclocurcumin (iv), was isolated from the nematocidally active fraction of turmeric, the rhizome of curcuma longa, together with three known curcuminoids, curcumin (i), demethoxycurcumin (ii) and bisdemethoxycurcumin (iii). the structure of iv was elucidated on the basis of spectral data and confirmed by the partial synthesis from curcumin (i). although the above curcuminoids were ineffective when they were applied independently, the nematocidal activity increased remarkably w ...	1993	8221978
eosinophilic meningoencephalitis due to toxocara canis.		1993	8223820
the spectrum of ocular toxocariasis.	ocular toxocariasis is rare and therefore the spectrum of clinical disease is difficult to establish. we present a review of the clinical features and laboratory findings in a group of patients with positive toxocara serology and ocular toxocariasis. the clinical spectrum was diverse and milder disease was commoner than might be supposed from reviews of the literature. eosinophilia was unusual, but featured in two cases of unilateral pars planitis.	1993	8224297
zoonotic roundworm infections.	the larval stage of several animal parasites can infect humans and produce severe disease. visceral and ocular larval migrans caused by the common dog roundworm, toxocara canis, are two well-recognized clinical syndromes. with the wider availability of serodiagnostic tests for toxocaral infection, other syndromes characterized by neuropsychologic deficits, epilepsy, asthma, abdominal distress, and chronic allergy have been described. treatment with corticosteroids in conjunction with anthelminth ...	1993	8254168
[parasitological fecal studies of equids, dogs, cats and hedgehogs during the years 1984-1991].	the results of the coproscopical examinations in horses, dogs, cats and hedgehogs between 1984 and 1991 are presented. in 9192 samples from horses 55.5% stages of strongylids, 4.0% of parascaris equorum, 2.2% of anoplocephalids, 1.6% strongyloides westeri, 0.7% of oxyuris equi, 0.6% of eimeria leuckarti, 0.2% of fasciola hepatica and 0.04% of dictyocaulus arnfieldi were found. in 48.0% of the 46 samples from donkeys eggs from strongylids were detected, in 17.4% larvae from dictyocaulus arnfieldi ...	1993	8261912
serosurvey of some major zoonotic infections in children and teenagers in bali, indonesia.	one hundred and ninety serum samples, mainly from children and teenagers, from northeast bali were tested for the presence of antibodies against five zoonotic agents: brucella abortus, coxiella burnetii, toxoplasma gondii, toxocara canis and trichinella spiralis. all children were negative for brucellosis and q fever. a high prevalence rate was found for toxocariasis (63.2%) and trichinosis (19.5%). antibody prevalence against t. gondii was found to be rather low (3.1%). to our knowledge, this i ...	1993	8266236
comparable seropositivity for ascariasis and toxocariasis in tropical slum children.	the seropositivities for infection by ascaris lumbricoides and toxocara canis were determined in children (1-15 years old) of a slum area of caracas, venezuela, and the levels that indicate the presence of active infection were defined. in children aged from 1 to 3 years, approximately 10% were positive for either parasite, and this figure increased to about 30% in 4- to 6-year-olds. for toxocariasis, the percentage of positivity remained at this level up to the age of 15 years. whilst the posit ...	1993	8278336
effects of pyrantel pamoate on adult and preadult toxocara canis worms: an electron microscope and autoradiography study.	adult as well as preadult toxocara canis isolated from the intestine of a beagle were incubated for 2, 4, and 14 h in medium containing either different concentrations of pyrantel pamoate (23.6, 236, and 2360 micrograms/ml medium) or tritiated pyrantel pamoate (2.36 micrograms/ml medium). these incubations were performed to study the effects of pyrantel pamoate on the morphology of the parasitic nematodes and to obtain information concerning the mode of uptake, the distribution, and the total am ...	1993	8278339
[the infection risk for dogs raised helminth-free in conventional conditions in an urban area].	the present investigations were carried out to clarify whether or not and to what extent helminth-free raised dogs acquire patent and impatent helminth infections when exposed to an urban area contaminated with dog faeces. groups of each 3 bitches at an age of 3, 6 or 9 months were taken out to an urban area (with average dog density of 1.5 per ha) for 3 hours daily on 5 days per week for a period of 3 month. during the whole trial the bitches and puppies born during this period were maintained ...	1993	8284959
prevalence of toxocara eggs in sandpits in tokushima city and its outskirts.	to demonstrate the prevalence of toxocara eggs in sandpits in tokushima prefecture, japan, sand samples were examined. of 46 sandpits surveyed, 29 sandpits (63.3%) had toxocara eggs. sandpits in public parks and playgrounds in residential areas were more contaminated (87.5%) with the eggs than those in kindergartens, schools, and children's centers (36.4%). to examine the seasonal change in the contamination, sand samples obtained from five sandpits were examined monthly from may 1990 to april 1 ...	1993	8286535
ocular toxocariasis in children and youth.	the number of infections with larvae of the toxocara canis worm has been continuously increasing in the polish population, and the diagnosis and treatment of this disease is difficult. the authors describe 81 cases of eye infection in children and youth at the age of 3 to 18 years. the lesions in 94 eyes were observed for 0.5 to 11 years. in all patients the diagnosis was confirmed by elisa test. in the clinical picture various forms of uveitis and granuloma of the eye fundus were found. the tre ...	1993	8299505
diagnosis of human toxocariasis by antigen capture enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.	to evaluate an antigen capture enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) which detects a carbohydrate epitope on the excretory-secretory (es) antigens of toxocara canis in clinical practice.	1993	8331180
changing chemosusceptibility in the second-stage larvae of toxocara canis by long-term incubation.	second-stage larvae of toxocara canis were maintained in vitro for one year. susceptibility of the larvae to drugs was evaluated by means of minimal larvicidal concentration (mlc) and larval bursting percentage. mlcs of citral and decanoic acid were almost constant throughout all stages of incubation. however, bursting percentage markedly varied within the first 20 weeks of incubation. therefore, while larvae are available for use in the mlc assay at any stage of incubation, those beyond the fir ...	1993	8354860
parasites of the arctic fox (alopex lagopus) in iceland.	forty-four of 50 arctic foxes (alopex lagopus) in iceland harbored 15 species of intestinal parasites, including protozoa: eimeria sp. or isospora sp. (in 4%); trematoda: cryptocotyle lingua (24%), plagiorchis elegans (4%), brachylaemus sp. (12%), tristriata sp. (10%), and spelotrema sp. (8%); cestoda: mesocestoides canislagopodis (72%), schistocephalus solidus (2%), and diphyllobothrium dendriticum (4%); nematoda: toxascaris leonina (50%), toxocara canis (2%), uncinaria stenocephala (4%), and e ...	1993	8355346
visceral and ocular larva migrans.		1993	8356352
[toxocariasis. a rare disease or rarely recognized?].		1993	8362145
[toxocara canis associated with splenic rupture].		1993	8362150
[cerebral immune vasculitis as a complication of larva migrans infection caused by toxocara canis].		1993	8377723
epidemiology of toxocara canis in red foxes (vulpes vulpes) from urban areas of bristol.	a descriptive epidemiological survey was undertaken of the ascarid nematode toxocara canis in 521 red foxes (vulpes vulpes) during the period january 1986 to july 1990. age-prevalence and age-intensity profiles show that worm burdens are significantly higher in cubs than in subadult or adult foxes and higher in subadult than in adult foxes. seasonal variations in worm burdens occur, with the highest prevalences and intensities being found during the spring, when cubs are born, and in the summer ...	1993	8414671
isolation of feline eosinophils via peritoneal lavage.	fourteen cats were inoculated orally with 1 of 2 infective doses of toxocara canis to induce eosinophilia. cats were subsequently challenge exposed twice via intraperitoneal injection with 1 of 2 t canis antigen preparations. peritoneal lavage was performed 2 days after antigenic challenge exposure, and eosinophils in the peritoneal lavage fluid were quantified. none of the cats developed clinical signs of disease after infection. all cats developed peripheral eosinophilia after infection. signi ...	1993	8430932
"covert toxocariasis" in a child treated with low-dose diethylcarbamazine.	a girl aged 2.5 years with "covert toxocariasis" was treated with low-dose diethylcarbamazine because of supposed noticeable disseminated toxocara canis infection without ocular or visceral manifestations. there was marked blood and bone marrow eosinophilia, significant increased toxocara canis antibody (elisa) and immunoglobulins e, g and m, leucocytosis and an increased sedimentation rate. she had no geophagia, but often sucked small stones, probably contaminated with faeces from puppies. symp ...	1993	8453208
ocular toxocariasis in a patient with repeatedly negative elisa titre to toxocara canis.		1993	8494866
efficacy of fenbendazole and piperazine against developing stages of toxocara and toxascaris in dogs.	in a series of controlled trials involving 59 naturally infected greyhounds, fenbendazole at a dose rate of 50 mg/kg/day for three consecutive days reduced the overall numbers of third and fourth stage toxocara canis by 94.0 per cent and third stage, fourth stage and immature adult stages of toxascaris leonina by 92.4 per cent. in contrast, piperazine at 100 mg/kg had little or no useful effect against the larval stages of t canis and t leonina and variable efficacy against immature adult t leon ...	1993	8506598
prevalence of toxocara eggs and number of faecal deposits from dogs and cats in sandpits of public parks in japan.	contamination of 13 sandpits in public parks in hyogo prefecture, japan, by toxocara eggs and animal faeces was studied. all 13 sandpits were contaminated with faeces. the mean number of faeces found in 1 m2 of the sandpits was 35, from which the number of faeces in each sandpit was estimated to be 261 to 2205. toxocara eggs were detected in 12 of the 13 sandpits, each examined 4-15 times; the overall prevalence was 92%. the eggs were not always distributed in the same pattern, but in general, e ...	1993	8509622
elisa seropositivity for toxocara canis antibodies in malaysia, 1989-1991.	the laboratory test results for visceral larva migrans (vlm) using elisa for toxocara canis antibodies employed by the institute for medical research, kuala lumpur, is described. a total of 331 serum samples received from hospitals and general practitioners all over malaysia were tested. the test utilises excretory-secretory antigens obtained from in vitro culture of second stage t. canis larvae. the overall seropositivity rate was 19.6%, the highest positive rate being in indians (35.5%), follo ...	1993	8183143
intestinal helminths of public health importance in dogs in nairobi.	in a survey of intestinal canine zoonotic helminths in nairobi, 156 dogs were autopsied. of these, 10% were infected with echinococcus granulosus, 88% with ancylostoma caninum, 45% with dipylidium caninum and 3% with toxocara canis. all the infected dogs with e. granulosus originated from around abottoirs in dagoretti. the risk of infection in man with hydatid disease is considered to be high around dagoretti and control measures are recommended.	1993	8187655
[utilization of elisa ige method in diagnosis of toxocariasis in humans].	in order to improve the immunodiagnosis of toxocariasis, an immunoenzymatic assay (elisa) with excretory-secretory antigens from toxocara canis larvae was developed for the detection of specific immunoglobulin e. titers of ige were lower than those of igg in the same samples, however ige elisa appeared to be more specific. ige elisa might be an interesting complementary method in the diagnosis of toxocariasis.	1993	8189832
[rheumatologic aspects of toxocariasis (visceral larva migrans). apropos of 2 cases].	visceral larva migrans is a human infection by the larvae of dog ascarids or, more rarely, ascarids of other animal species. it is endemic in france. two cases which respectively manifested as acute oligoarthritis and inflammatory myalgia with increased muscle enzyme levels are reported. manifestations of the minor forms of this infestation are reviewed.	1993	8012340
[how many patients with visceral toxocariasis in russia?].	based on the results of numerous seroepidemiological surveys of inhabitants in russia using the toxocara/igg enzyme immune test system and supposing that extremely high antibody titers (1:6400 or higher) are an indicator of manifest visceral toxocariasis, the possible number of patients with this infection was estimated in the russian federation. the absolute number of the patients is roughly 550,000, the relative rate is 380 per 100,000 population. children aged 0-9 years were shown to prevail ...	1994	8015514
toxocara canis infection presenting as eosinophilic ascites and gastroenteritis.	eosinophilic ascites is rarely observed in clinical practice. it may be associated with the serosal type of eosinophilic gastroenteritis, abdominal lymphoma, hypereosinophilic syndrome, or peritoneal dialysis but is uncommonly related to parasitic infections. we report a case of a previously healthy young patient who developed diarrhea and exudative eosinophilic ascites. the final diagnosis was consistent with a parasitic infection due to toxocara canis, while the clinical and radiological findi ...	1994	8200273
parasitism of toxocara canis larvae in chickens inoculated with the ascarid eggs.	the distribution of t. canis larvae and pathological changes of the liver caused by them were studied in chickens inoculated orally with 1,500 embryonated eggs during 1 and 50 days after inoculation. the number of larvae recovered varied from 40 to 192 in the liver, 8 to 166 in the muscles, 0 to 4 in the heart, 0 to 2 in the spleen, 0 to 1 in the brain, respectively. small white foci were observed on the surface of the liver since 6 days after inoculation. histopathological examination of the li ...	1994	8204739
[identification of toxocara canis larvae in ocular granuloma].		1994	8560840
prevalence of toxocara canis in dogs in the city of havana].	a study on the prevalence of toxocara canis in domestic dogs of city of havana was carried out for the first time in cuba. 22 dogs were selected in each municipality, totalling 330 as the study universe. dogs' feces samples were processed through direct examination using willis' flotation method (1921). the results attained showed a 17.9% prevalence of toxocara canis, a high figure constituting an important risk factor for transmission to humans. this was influenced by the age of the animals and ...	1994	9768244
[study of the seroprevalence of toxocariasis in an infantile population in the city of havana].	a serological study to detect antibodies to toxocara canis in a group of 156 healthy children from city of havana is reported for the first time in cuba. an elisa method was employed using excretion/secretion antigens obtained in our laboratory. data on epidemiological factors surveyed in this group are presented. positivity percentage was of 5.2%. results are discussed.	1994	9768255
toxocara canis: failure to find ige receptors (fc epsilon r) on eosinophils from infected mice suggests that murine eosinophils do not kill helminth larvae by an ige-dependent mechanism.	eosinophils obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) from the lungs of mice infected with toxocara canis were characterized by flow cytometry with respect to cytophilic antibodies and surface fc receptors. freshly harvested bal eosinophils were negative for sigm, siga, sige, and fc epsilon rii. these eosinophils were positive for sigg1 and fc gamma rii, although not all fc gamma riis contained bound ligand. culturing eosinophils for 24 or 48 hr with exogenous ige and/or il-4 did not induce ige b ...	1994	8299761
hepatic visceral larva migrans: evolution of the lesion, diagnosis, and role of high-dose albendazole therapy.	an unusual presentation of hepatic involvement of visceral larva migrans is described. a 45-yr-old male presented with fever, pain in the right upper quadrant, and persistent eosinophilia. ultrasound initially detected a solitary hypoechoic area in the right lobe of the liver which rapidly progressed to multiple lesions with peripheral hyperechoic lesions. aspiration from the lesion revealed charcot-leyden crystals and sheets of eosinophils. serology for toxocara canis was strongly positive. pro ...	1994	8147371
toxocara canis-induced murine pulmonary inflammation: analysis of cells and proteins in lung tissue and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid.	the pulmonary immuno-inflammatory reaction and its effect on microvascular integrity was studied in toxocara canis infected balb/c mice. the investigation aimed to compare changes in lung histology and composition of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (balf) caused by t. canis infection with those described to occur in allergic asthma. groups of (non)-infected mice (1000 ova) were investigated until 90 days post infection (p.i.). migration of the larvae through the lungs was followed by a rapidly prog ...	1994	8152829
[preparation of membrane proteins of trichinella spiralis larva and application of them in detection with elisa].	membrane proteins of muscle larva of trichinella spiralis (t.s) were isolated by using the non-ionic detergent triton x-114. at least fourteen components in the membrane proteins were separated with sds-page and then silver nitrate stain. the bands of them were located between 99-18kd mw level. the mw of chief bands were 94, 90, 47, 32 and 28kd. the sensitivity and specificity of these proteins were determined with elisa. they didn't cross react with sera of rabbits infected with toxocara canis ...	1994	8070772
infectivity of toxocara canis larvae from japanese quails in mice.	two hundred toxocara canis larvae derived from japanese quail liver were given orally to each of 50 8-week-old ddy mice and parasitism of the larvae was examined during 6 hr and 120 days after inoculation. although there were no clinical signs in infected mice, larvae were recovered from the liver (21.5 +/- 16.3 larvae), lung (5.1 +/- 6.0 larvae), kidney (0.7 +/- 1.1 larvae), small intestine (1.0 +/- 2.0 larvae), mesentery (1.6 +/- 3.1 larvae), and brain (7.8 +/- 6.8 larvae).	1994	8075236
[ascaridiasis zoonoses: visceral larva migrans syndromes].	the syndrome of visceral larva migrans is a zoonotic disease due to the migration in human of nematodes larval, specially ascarid. since the larvae fail to complete their migrating cycle in humans, the diagnosis of toxocariasis infection remains only serologic. we have been able to demonstrate by the technique of agar diffusion and the western-blotting method that the etiology due to toxocara canis was twice as much frequent as the one due to toxocara cati in the syndrome of visceral and ocular ...	1994	8076198
experimental murine toxocariasis histopathological study of chronic renal infection, transplacental transmission and ultrastructural study of egg shell.	histopathological examination of kidney of swiss albino mice, 2 1/2 months after infection with toxocara canis eggs revealed various pictures of pathological affection. there was diffuse mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis with mesangeal expansion of most of glomeruli. some glomeruli showed severe hyalinosis with marked adhesions to the bowman's capsule. the lumina of glomerular capillaries were markedly obliterated. there was also cystic dilatation of tubules with proteinaceous casts. the ...	1994	8077752
adult toxocara canis encephalitis.	a 48-year-old patient with toxocara canis infection developed severe ataxia, rigor and neuropsychological disturbances. an aetiology was proven by an indirect immunofluorescence test. ct and mri revealed both diffuse and circumscribed white matter lesions. angiography showed multiple occlusion of branches of the middle cerebral artery. anthelminthic treatment was beneficial in the initial stage of the disease, but had no effect on progression of cns symptoms. immunosuppressive therapy with predn ...	1994	8126514
epidemiology of toxocara spp. in stray dogs and cats in dublin, ireland.	a survey was undertaken to study the epidemiology of toxocara spp. in 350 dogs and 181 cats. a prevalence of 82.6% was recorded for toxocara canis and 42% for t. cati. the distribution of parasite burdens in both dogs and cats was overdispersed. the highest parasite prevalence rates and burdens were found in hosts of 12 to 24 weeks of age. no toxocara parasites were found in cats between 0 to 4 weeks old. there was no significant difference in parasite prevalence between male and female dogs or ...	1994	7706682
larval distribution of toxocara canis in balb/c mice at nine weeks and one year post-inoculation.	the migratory route of toxocara canis in the mouse includes two phases: a hepato-pulmonary phase and a myotropic-neurotropic phase. a study was made of the migratory behaviour of larvae one year post-inoculation (p.i.) comparing the results to those obtained at the end of an initial experiment (day 63 p.i). the larval distribution per organ was already definitive at 9 weeks p.i. the total parasitic load showed a reduction when the experiment was prolonged for one year.	1994	7706687
[eosinophilic meningo-encephalo-myelitis due to toxocara canis].	a 21-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital because of frontal headache, low-grade fever and convulsion. the patient had long been in a close contact with a dog. neurologic examination revealed meningeal irritation signs and cerebellar ataxia. slight leukocytosis with an increased rate of eosinophils (23.2%) was present. a lumbar puncture yielded 330 leukocytes/microliters with 30% of eosinophils; protein, 55 mg/dl; and increased igg synthesis, 43.6 mg/day. the antibody titer against toxoca ...	1994	7729097
[effect of environmental conditions on parasitic infection of dogs].	the following intestinal parasites: dipylidium caninum, taenia hydatigena, trichocephalus vulpis, ancylostoma caninum, uncinaria stenocephala, toxocara canis, toxascaris leonina, ascaris sp. have been found on the basis of coprological investigations of 120 dogs from the wrocłow shelter, 20 dogs from wrocłow flats and 20 dogs from rural area of kielce district. total extensity of infection of rural dogs was 100% and 40-48% in town. these differences, according to the authors, are connected with ...	1994	7801643
epidemiologic approach to human toxocariasis in western france.	toxocara canis is a common parasite in puppies. the danger to human health has not been properly established. we estimated the current incidence of this pathogen in two western districts of france, loire-atlantique and maine et loire. blood samples from 1836 eosino-philic patients were collected and tested by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) excretory-secretory toxocara antigen test. we obtained positive results in 22% of the cases and highly positive results in 7%. the elisa data se ...	1994	7809006
prevalence of toxocara canis ova in public playgrounds in the dublin area of ireland.	a total of nine playground sites in dublin city and county were surveyed from which 228 samples were removed. of these samples, 15% were positive for toxocara canis ova and a mean egg density of 1.4 ova/100 g was calculated. two types of playground sites were identified and that the level of toxocaral contamination was found to be greater in 'neighbourhood playgrounds' than in 'adventure playgrounds'. there was no significant difference in the number of positive samples taken from sites both ins ...	1994	7829844
[acute eosinophilic pneumonia and the larva migrans syndrome: apropos of a case in an adult].	toxocariasis is a frequent disease in children, but the severe clinical manifestations are rare in the literature (diffuse interstitial pneumonia with hypoxaemia and acute severe asthma). the diagnosis is made thanks to the reliability of serological techniques (the elisa test and using antigen excretion-secretion tests of the larvae of toxocara canis). the authors report a case of acute severe eosinophilic pneumonia whose outcome was rapidly favourable following steroid therapy; the existence o ...	1994	7831510
effect of immunomodulation on the course of experimental toxocariasis in mice.	immunosuppressed groups treated with cortisone showed fulmination of toxocara canis infection in terms of significant increase in brain parasitism, total larval count and significant decrease in the percentage reduction of the total count. suppression of the host inflammatory responses was detected in the liver, lungs, brain and muscles. accelerated transit of larvae through the liver was observed when cortisone was given before infection. whether bcg was given before or after infection, it show ...	1994	7844434
workshop summary: parasitic zoonoses--new issues.		1994	7846860
[changes in the lungs in mice caused by migration of toxocara canis larvae].	the influence of t. canis larvae migration on the lung tissue of paratenic host (inbred mice, strain c57bl6/j) was evaluated. first macroscopic manifestation was already observed on day 2 in the time of the highest larval recovery. larvae entering the lung tissue caused numerous small extravasations. their migration from the lungs was manifested from day 6 with an increase in the number and extent of extravasations. the lungs assumed tiger spot appearance (fig. 1). the larval recovery was decrea ...	1994	7863576
mr in toxocara canis myelopathy.	we present the case of a 23-year-old woman with cerebrospinal fluid eosinophilia and myelopathy caused by toxocara canis and describe the clinical and thoracic mr findings. an enhancing thoracic spinal cord lesion which was shown on mr resolved after an interval of 140 days with partial resolution of the patient's symptoms.	1994	7863942
cloning and high level expression of gene encoding es antigen from trichinella spiralis muscle larvae.	the partial structure gene encoding es antigen derived from trichinella spiralis (tsp) muscle larvae was cloned, characterized, and expressed in e. coli. the target dna (0.7 kb) was directly obtained from the tsp total rna by using rna pcr technique. based on the analysis with the re digestion, the fragment was cloned into the fusion expression vector pex31c. it was shown that a kind of 37kda fusion protein was expressed in e. coli containing the recombinant plasmid by sds-page electrophoresis. ...	1994	7993968
dusn occurs in europe.		1994	8008358
the behavior and pathogenicity of toxacara canis larvae in mice of different strains.	in the present study the behavior and pathogenicity of second-stage larvae of toxocara canis were examined in different mouse strains with special emphasis on the major histocompatibility complex (mhc). mice of the inbred strains balb, c3h, c57bl, and dba and the outbred strain nmri were infected orally with 1000 second-stage larvae of t. canis. the clinical behavior of the animals; the numbers of larvae detected in the liver, lungs, brain, and musculature; the hematological and serological para ...	1994	7886040
studies on the control of toxocara canis in breeding kennels.	the control of toxocara canis was investigated in naturally infected unweaned puppies. anthelmintic treatments were administered to three litters of pups at 2, 4 and 6 weeks of age. when either a new combination anthelmintic containing febantel, pyrantel embonate and praziquantel or fenbendazole was used, the faecal egg output over the first 7 weeks of life was reduced by more than 80% and worm burdens by over 90%. in contrast, piperazine adipate had no appreciable effect on t. canis egg output, ...	1994	7886923
[diagnosis and treatment of eye infections caused by the canine ascaris larva toxocara canis].	in the years 1990-1993 the authors diagnosed and treated 48 children on account of uveitis probably caused by toxocara canis. this etiology was established in 43 cases based on the characteristic clinical picture and presence of antibodies as determined by the elisa test for toxocara in serum, anterior chamber fluid and vitreous. diagnostic punction of anterior chamber was done in 30 cases (in 18 titres were positive, in 7 higher than in serum), in 3 the level of antibodies were determined in vi ...	1994	7897994
toxocara canis (nematoda, ascarididae): ultrastructure of the rachis and the ovarian wall.	the oogonia and oocytes in the ovaries of toxocara canis are joined to a cytoplasmic process called the rachis. the rachis is a much branched cytoplasmic mass without cell components in the germinal zone. at the end of the germinal zone and in the growth zone the cytoplasmic mass is formed into a central axial cylinder, containing small dense granules, lipid drops and glycogen. throughout the growth zone shell granules similar to those present in the oocytes are also present in the rachis. anter ...	1994	7927063