Publications

toxoplasma encephalitis complicating hodgkin's disease.	a case of toxoplasma encephalitis is described in a patient who had received much immunosuppressive therapy for hodgkin's disease. such cases have been reported in immune suppressed patients outside the united kingdom, but a search of the literature has not revealed any previous reports from this country. since toxoplasma gondii is a frequent pathogen and states of immune suppression are becoming more common, further cases, can be expected. recognition of the clinical and pathological features ...	1975	1141443
toxoplasma antibodies among bobcats and other carnivores of norther california.	the prevalence of antibodies to toxoplasma gondii was investigated among five species of wild carnivores in norther ccalifornia. the highest prevalence was among bobcats (lynx rufus), with 15 of 21 tested being serologically positive. other results included serological evidence of toxoplasmosis in two of seven raccoons (procyon lotor), one of three badgers (taxidea taxus) and two of three coyotes (canis latrans). two gray foxes (urocyon cinereoargenteus) were serologically negative. oone badger ...	1975	1142562
experimental toxoplasma gondii infection in mice: the role of the fifth component of complement.	experiments performed to determine the influence of the c5 component of complement in experimental toxoplasma infection revealed that mice deficient in c5 had reduced mortality due to acute toxoplasmosis. similar results were noted when inbred congenic mice of known complement type, as well as random-bred mice selected for complement type, were used. in both, mice with high complement activity were less resistant to toxoplasma than were mice deficient in c5. however, many factors must interact i ...	1975	1144466
bear meat trichinosis with a concomitant serologic response to toxoplasma gondii.	a severe case of trichinosis occurred following the ingestion of raw meat from a common black bear, ursus americanus, that was shot in butte county, california. examination of steaks cut from the bear revealed heavy infection with t. spiralis. a good clinical response was obtained following treatment with prednisone (1 mg/kg body weight per day) and thiabendazole (50 mg/kg body weight per day); no toxic effects were observed. in comparison with the pre-treatment biopsy, a more intense inflammato ...	1975	1146849
an analysis of those components of toxoplasma gondii responsible for delayed hypersensitivity reactions in mice.	testing of extracts of toxoplasma gondii (rh strain) indicated that delayed hypersensitivity as manifested by delayed skin reactions and inhibition of macrophage migration was induced only by those fractions containing rna.	1975	1150310
[toxoplasma gondii virulence in 27 strains of human origin (author's transl)].		1975	1153906
[studies on the significane of sexual intercourse for the transmission of toxoplasma gondii (author's transl)].	from 285 ejacula and 23 biopsy specimens of the testicles of men from childless marriages, no toxoplasms at all could be cultured in the mouse inoculation test. testicles and accessory gonads of artificially infected male rabbits contained infective toxoplasms only up to the 29th day p.i. 8 artificially infected male rabbits did not transmit any agents through sexual intercourse to 13 toxoplasma-free female rabbits. one female animal became infected during the experiment. the route of infection ...	1975	1154911
[comparative chemotherapeutical studies on the effect of bactrim and other combined preparations on the proliferative and cystforming phase of toxoplasma gondii in nmri mice. a contribution to experimental chemotherapy of toxoplasmosis (author's transl)].	in the present paper, the efficacy of different sulphonamides and potentiators alone and in combination (bactrim, fansidar) in mice infected with toxoplasma gondii is evaluated. the experimental chemotherapeutical studies were performed in mice either freshly infected with trophozoites or cystozoites, or suffering from acute disease or a chronic infection; for the components (see article) a proportion of 10 times 1 turned out to be the most effective mixing ratio. in comparison with the standard ...	1975	1154912
immunity to hammondia hammondi infection in cats.	acquisition of immunity to hammondia hammondi, a newly recognized coccidian of cats, was studied in 18 specific-pathogen-free cats. one cat was given a single oral inoculation, 11 cats were given 2 oral inoculations, and 1 cat was given 3 oral inoculations of homogenized mouse carcasses containing h hammondi. in all cats, oocyst shedding began 6 to 9 days after the 1st inoculation. oocyst shedding peaked at 1 to 2 days after the onset of shedding and lasted for 1 to 2 weeks. none of the cats bec ...	1975	1158771
effect of pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine on the fine structure and multiplication of toxoplasma gondii in cell cultures.	rhesus monkey kidney cell cultures were inoculated with toxoplasma gondii organisms obtained from peritoneal fluid of mice infected with the rh strain. pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine were added either singly or in combination to the cultures 4 hr after inoculation. twenty-four hours later the effect of the drugs on the parasites were studied by light and electron microscopy. pyrimethamine (1.0 mug/ml) inhibited multiplication of the parasites and caused striking morphological changes. organisms ...	1975	1165554
serologic study of toxoplasmosis in taiwan.	toxoplasma gondii antibody titers as determined by either the indirect hemagglutination test or the methylene blue dye test were determined for a group of aborigines and for chinese as well as for swine, cats, rats, dogs and one bovine, all resident on the island of taiwan. none of the 194 aborigines and only 3 (1.97%) of the 152 chinese were found to be positive. of 433 swine tested 132 (30.5%) were positive. thirteen (27.7%) of 47 domestic pet cats were positive while none of 11 feral cats we ...	1975	1166342
a survey for toxoplasma gondii antibodies in deer and other wildlife on a sheep range.	blood samples were obtained from native mammals and birds on a sheep range (hopland field station) in northern california. serums were tested for antibodies to toxoplasma gondii by the indirect hemagglutination test. of 382 deer that were tested from 1964 to 1973, 77 (20%) were seropositive for t gondii. among 36 serums representing 6 species of wild carnivores (badgers, bobcats, coyotes, foxes, raccoons, and skunks), 18 (50%) were seropositive. all of the 5 bobcats tested were seropositive, wit ...	1975	1176348
chemotherapy in experimental toxoplasmosis: comparison of the efficacy of trimethoprim-sulfur and pyrimethamine-sulfur combinations.	mice infected by intraperitoneal inoculation of the rh strain of toxoplasma gondii were treated with various drugs. trimethoprim was found to have no effect. sulphamethoxazole, sulphadiazine and pyrimethamine had significant therapeutic effects on the course of murine toxoplasmosis. the therapeutic efficacy of sulphamethoxazole was enhanced by the addition of trimethoprim. a pyrimethamine-sulphadiazine combination was found to be superior to a trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole combination in the tr ...	1975	1177347
the ultrastructural development of the macrogamete and formation of the oocyst wall of toxoplasma gondii.	the macrogametes of toxoplasma gondii develop within the epithelial cells of the cat ileum. as they develop the nucleus enlarges and dense patches of chromatin which were present in the nucleoplasm, disappear. polysaccharide granules and lipid globules appear in the cytoplasm and increase in number during development. the wall-forming bodies of type i (wfb i) appear before the wall-forming bodies of type ii (wfb ii); wfb i are smaller, more osmiophilic and more numerous than the wfb ii. the wfb ...	1975	1180061
the use of irradiated vaccine in immunization against experimental murine toxoplasmosis.	trophozoites from the peritoneal cavities of mice infected with the rh strain toxoplasma gondii were given irradiation in doses of 5, 10, 15, and 20 kiloroentgens (kr). cd-1 strain mice that received intraperitoneal inoculation of trophozoites irradiated with 5 kr all died of toxoplasmosis, but the mice that received trophozoites irradiated with the higher doses all survived. the survirors that were examined were found to be free of toxoplasmic cysts. single doses of these irradiated vaccines pr ...	1975	1182614
interaction between macrophages of various origin and toxoplasma gondii under conditions in vitro.	the study of proliferation of a virulent strain of toxoplasma in cultures of macrophages of various origin revealed a certain sequence in the development of the pathogen: penetration and phagocytosis of the parasite, the stage of disintegration of one part of population and active proliferation of the other, resulting in the destruction of host cells. it was found that the penetration and phacocytosis were more active if macrophages from resistant animals (rats) were used, in comparison with tho ...	1975	1193481
toxoplasma gondii antibodies in free-living african mammals.	twelve species of free-living african mammals from kenya, tanzania, uganda and zambia were tested for antibodies to toxoplasma gondii using the indirect hemagglutination test. of 157 animals sampled, 20 (13%) were seropositive. t. gondii antibodies were detected in burchell's zebra, (equus burchelli), hippopotamus (hippopotamus amphibius), african elephant (loxodonta africana), defassa waterbuck (kobus defassa), lion (panthera leo), and rock hyrax (procavia capensis), the highest titers were fou ...	1975	1195497
toxoplasmosis in dasyurid marsupials.	during a histopathologic survey of 240 dasyurid marsupials a high prevalence of infection of toxoplasma gondii was found in eight of thenine species examined. amongst the infected species, endemic infection in field animals was proved in dasyuroides byrnei, but there was also good evidence of laboratory infection probably derived from raw sheep tissues in their diet. infection was never demonstrated in animals less than six months of age. the 21 antechinus stuartii examined remained free from in ...	1975	1195500
letter: coccidia related to toxoplasma gondii: possible zoonoses.		1975	1198210
toxoplasma gondii and coxiella burneti antibodies among brazilian slaughterhouse employees.	previous studies have indicated toxoplasmosis and q fever are potential hazards to persons who handle raw meat or who work in slaughterhouses. the prevalence of antibodies to t. gondii and c. burneti was studied among 144 employees of an abattoir in belo horizonte, brazil, to determine what environmental factors may be associated with the occurrence of these agents among persons who handle meat but who have not reported having toxoplasmosis or q fever. seventy-two per cent of the 144 employees w ...	1975	1200023
equine toxoplasmosis: a survey for antibodies to toxoplasma gondii in horses.	a nationwide sample of horses was tested to determine the prevalence of toxoplasma antibodies in equine animals. of 1,294 serum samples from horses tested by the microtitration indirect hemagglutin test, 20% were positive. among the popular breeds of horses, the following antibody prevalences were found: arabian, 19%; paint, 22%; quarter horses, 13%; thoroughbred, 24%; and standardbred, 17%. the antibody prevalence increased from 2% in horses 1 year of age to 18% in 2-year-olds, and rose to 38% ...	1975	1200450
in vitro activity of cotrimoxazole on the intracellular multiplication of toxoplasma gondii.	cotrimoxazole, from 60 mug/ml, inhibited the replication of toxoplasma gondii within hela cells and mouse peritoneal macrophages. the percentage of inhibition reached practically 100% after 18 hours of treatment at 37 degrees c. more prolonged treatment resulted in an eradication of the organisms from the cell monolayers. in contrast, similar doses of spiramycin were quite ineffective against intracellular toxoplasma. the active doses of cotrimoxazole used were not harmful for cell cultures. cot ...	1975	1208122
[toxoplasma gondii infection in the inhabitants of the city of dresden].	after a description of modern knowledge of the biology and epidemiology of toxoplasma gondii the author enters into the affection in dresden inhabitants. males as well as females at the age of 16 to 60 years are infected on the average at 74%. the most frequently affected age groups are the 41-year-old to 50-year-old persons. ifar-titres to 80 are very frequently to be found in clinically healthy probands and, as a rule, plead for the existence of a latent toxoplasma affection. titre values of m ...	1975	1220349
a simple method for separating toxoplasma gondii from infected mouse peritoneal exudate cells.	a simple method for separating toxoplasma trophozoites from the peritoneal exudate cells of infected mice by filtration through filter paper is described. using this technique peritoneal exudate cells in excess of 90% could be removed.	1975	1221682
toxoplasma antibodies in indonesian and chinese medical students in jakarta.	the presence of antibodies to toxoplasma gondii in medical students of indonesian and chinese ancestry was determined by the indirect hemagglutination test with titers of 1:256 or greater considered positive. the sera from 90 indonesian and 203 chinese male (146) and female (147) students between 20 and 30 years of age were tested and positive titers detected in the sera of 16 (18%) indonesians and 14 (7%) of the chinese. there were no difference between the presence of positive titer and betwee ...	1975	1226533
[transmission of toxoplasma gondii to the cat by the intake of swine and sheep meat spontaneously infected and normally slaughtered].		1975	1227413
[prevalence of anti-toxoplasma gondii antibodies in blood donors of natal (rn)].	the authors present the results of survey to detect anti-toxoplasma gondii antibodies in 183 sera samples from donors in five blood banks in natal -- rio grande do norte, brazil, through indirect immunofluorescence test. in this survey 151 reactive cases were found, starting with the titer of 1:16, in a rate of 82,5%. considering as valid dilutions only titers equal or superior to 1:256, the rate found is of 43.7%. the higher titer found was 1:16.000 (1.3%). in the examined cases, the minimal ag ...	1975	1233601
an in vitro study on lymphocyte-mediated immunity in mice experimentally infected with toxoplasma gondii.		1975	1238848
[the relationship between the fate of the agent of toxoplasmosis, toxoplasma gondii, in macrophages cultivated in vitro and the virulence of the parasites].	comparative light microscopic and electron microscopic studies of development of a highly-virulent rh strain and a less virulent lagrave strain of toxoplasma cultivated in macrophages in vitro were made. contrary to active multiplication of the highly virulent strain most of toxoplasmas of a less virulent strain disintegrated the first hours, degenerating completely in 24-48 hours after the penetration into the macrophages. submicroscopic study showed no marked cytological changes of macrophages ...	1975	1240782
antigenic and enzymatic changes in infected and transformed human diploid cells.	human diploid fibroblasts, wi-38, were infected with various agents and the levels of lysosomal enzymes determined by immunochemical quantitation. esterase levels were raised by mumps virus and toxoplasma gondii infection. the concentration of beta-d-glucuronidase was reduced by these same agents. beta-d-n-acetyl glucosaminidase was greatly increased in cultures infected with t. gondii and decreased by mycoplasma infection. two cultures transformed by sv40 showed reduced levels of esterase compa ...	1975	46837
[vital fluorochromasia of mikroorganisms using fluorescein-3',6'-diacetate (fda). ii; communication: the influences of humoral and cellular defence-mechanisms on vitality of toxoplasma gondii (author's transl)].	fluorochromization by using the non-fluorescent, but fluorogenic substrate fluorescein-3',6'-diacetate indicates vitality and metabolic activity of extra- and intracellular toxoplasma gondii. specific humoral antibody diminishes the metabolism and, therefore, also the fluorochromization of these parasites; because toxoplasms invade host cells mainly by active penetration, they are found not only in phagocytes but also in lymphocytes and in hepatocytes. in these cells, a further multiplication of ...	1975	50679
[preparation of pure suspensions of toxoplasma gondii zoites from tissue cultures (author's transl)].		1975	129292
specific immunity and nonspecific resistance to infection: listeria, protozoa, and viruses in mice and hamsters,.	specific immunity developed by mice against protozoan (toxoplasma gondii and besnoitia jellisoni) and bacterial (listeria monocytogenes) infections was compared with nonspecific protection conferred by prior infections. the results indicated that homologous immunity protected mice from more than 10-5 ld50 of t. gondii or b. jellisoni, but from only 10-2 ld50 of l. monocytogenes. heterospecific protection among these organisms was for 10-0.4 minus 10-1.2 ld50. in studies in hamsters specific immu ...	1975	165241
antibodies to epstein-barr virus-associated nuclear antigen and to other viral and non-viral antigens in hodgkin's disease.	antibody reactivity to epstein-barr virus (ebv)-associated nuclear antigen (ebna) was investigated by means of the anticomplement immunofluorescence technique on sera from patients with hodgkin's disease (hd) and from appropriate controls. antibody levels to other ebv-determined antigens, i.e. viral capsid (vca) and early antigens (ea), and to measles and rubella viruses, to cytomegalovirus (cmv), and to toxoplasma gondii were also measured. the results of anti-ebv antibody titrations demonstrat ...	1975	168161
epidemiology of cytomegalovirus infection after transplantation and immunosuppression.	viral infections and clinical complications were studied during hemodialysis and after renal transplantation. active cytomegalovirus infection developed in 96% of patients after renal transplantation; reactivation of herpes simplex, varicella-zoster, and epstein-barr viruses was found in 35%, 24%, and 0% of patients, respectively. cytomegalovirus viremia developed in 42% of patients an average of two months after renal transplantation, lasted 1.75 (+/- 1.5) months (except in one patient with chr ...	1975	171315
serological study of amebiasis and toxoplasmosis in the lindu valley, central sulawesi, indonesia.	results of a serology survey in april 1972 for entamoeba histolytica and toxoplasma gondii antibodies among 484 inhabitants of the isolated lake lindu valley of central sulawesi (celebes) are presented. indirect hemagglutination antibody titers for amebiasis were found in over 10% of the population, although only 3.7% demonstrated significant titers of 1:128 or greater. there appeared to be no relationship between antibody titers and the age and sex of individuals tested, and the frequency distr ...	1975	171809
the prevalence of entamoeba histolytica and toxoplasma gondii antibodies in central java, indonesia.	sera collected from people living along the slopes of mt. merapi and mt. merbabu (900-1900 m) in boyolali regency, central java, indonesia were tested by indirect hemagglutination tests for antibodies to entamoeba histolytica and toxoplasma gondii. a total of 695 sera from 439 males and 256 females, 2 to 75 years of age were tested for amoebiasis and 17.6% had positive antibody titers of 1:128 or greater. the prevalence of antibodies was the same for males and females and increased with age. the ...	1975	179151
resistance to infection with nocardia asteroides.	mechanisms of host resistance to nocardia asteroides were studied in mice. two to six weeks after intraperitoneal or intravenous immunization with viable n. asteroides, mice were significantly resistant to intraperitoneal challenge with ld50-100 of n. asteroides in gastric mucin when compared with control (unimmunized) mice (p smaller than 0.03). resistance could not be transferred to normal mice with serum (1.5 ml administered intraperitoneally) or spleen cells (10-8 cells administered intraven ...	1975	805811
detection of circulating antigen in acute experimental infections with toxoplasma gondii.	although many serologic tests are available for determination of antibody to toxoplasma gondii, circulating antigen has not been studied in infections with this organism. presence of circulating antigen was sought by immunologic methods in experimental infections (rh strain) of mice and rabbits. in mice, which succumbed to infection within four days; circulating antigen was detectable in serum by counter-current immunoelectrophoresis and agar gel diffusion on days 2-4 of infection. in rabbits; w ...	1975	808579
infections associated with ovine perinatal mortality in victoria.	the occurrence of infections associated with perinatal mortality was investigated. in 1970, carcasses from 94 flocks distributed throughout victoria were examined by microbiological and histopathological techniques. carcasses from 4 of the same flocks were similarly examined in 1971. widespread occurrence of listeria monocytogenes and campylobacter fetus was demonstrated with l. monocytogenes being recognised in 25% of the flocks examined. no other bacterial pathogens commonly associated with ov ...	1975	809028
immunity to toxoplasma gondii induced in vitro in non-immune mouse macrophages with specifically immune lymphocytes.	male and female cba mice were used to study in vitro the mechanisms involved in the development and expression of cellular immunity to toxoplasma infection. the lag phase preceding toxoplasma division was delayed in nonimmune macrophages obtained from peritoneal cavities stimulated with thioglycollate. specific anti-toxoplasma activity was conferred on nonimmune macrophages incubated with toxoplasma-immune spleen lymphocytes and soluble toxoplasma antigen. treatment of immune spleen cell populat ...	1975	809507
activity of the anticoccidial compound, lasalocid, against toxoplasma gondii in cultured cells.	the activity of the anticoccidial drug, lasalocid, was tested against toxoplasma gondii in cell cultures. multiplication of parasites was inhibited by 0.05 mug/ml of lasalocid added to the cultures prior to adding the parasite inoculum, with the parasite inoculum, or after the parasites had penetrated the culture cells. penetration of culture cells was inhibited when 0.05 mug/ml lasalocid was added with the parasite inoculum. incubation of extracellular parasites in 0.5 mug/ml lasalocid had no e ...	1975	809567
[study on the growth of cystogenous and proliferative forms of toxoplasma gondii on pk cells].		1975	809895
dichotomy between macrophage activation and degree of protection against listeria monocytogenes and toxoplasma gondii in mice stimulated with corynebacterium parvum.	in vivo and in vitro experiments were conducted to determine the effect of corynebacterium parvum treatment of mice on resistance of listeria monocytogenes and toxoplasma gondii. intravenous immunization with c. parvum conferred transient protection against intravenous challenge with listeria or an avirulent strain of toxoplasma but did not protect against a virulent strain of toxoplasma. compared with the level of protection conferred by c. parvum, a higher degree of resistance was noted when m ...	1975	811563
[antibody differentiation in human toxoplasmosis experiments on model cases (author's transl)].	human sera with antibodies against toxoplasma gondii were investigated-before and after gel filtration (sephadex g 200)-by igm-and igg-specific immunofluorescent reactions as well as well by complement fixation tests.-in sera from patients with "latent" infections igm-antibodies could not be demonstrated neither by the igm-ift-nor the cft technique, although igg antibodies with ift titres between 1:50 qnd 1:200 were present.-in sera from patients in the "acute" stage of infection both igm and ig ...	1975	765711
[ultrastructure of the proliferative and pseudocystic phase of toxoplasma gondii].		1975	1057777
adult toxoplasmosis presenting as polymyositis and cerebellar ataxia.	a patient with toxoplasmosis had cerebellar, spinal cord, nerve root, and skeletal muscle symptoms. toxoplasma gondii was isolated from skeletal muscle, and toxoplasma antibody titers were persistently elevated. the disease has been recurrent during a 3-year period with only temporary response to specific antimicrobial therapy.	1975	1078759
[the acute vestibular paralysis (author's transl)].	acute vestibular paralysis may not be considered as a nosologic entity but as a syndrome. symptomatology (vertigo, spontaneous and provoked vestibular nystagmus, absence of cochlear signs) shows an uniform picture. the results of the caloric test as well as the nystagmic responses induced by galvanic stimulation and the development of central vestibular compensation however indicate that the site of the lesion is not only confined to the labyrinth but may also occur at the level of the periphera ...	1975	1081389
blastogenic response of toxoplasma-infected mouse spleen cells to t- and b-cell mitogens.	in order to differentially test the function of lymphocytes in toxoplasma gondii-infected mice, the in vitro blastogenic response of spleen cell cultures to non-specific mitogens was studied. phytohaemagglutinin (pha) and concanavalin a (con a) stimulation were used as tests of thymus-dependent lymphocyte (t cell) function and bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (lps) was used as a probe of bursal equivalent lymphocyte (b cell) function. for the first 3 weeks following t. gondii infection, th ...	1975	1082393
[cellular immune reactions of the white mouse after superinfection with toxoplasma gondii (author's transl)].	after superinfection of immunized mice with a virulent strain of toxoplasma (bk) these mice don't die. there is formation of a cellrich exudate with only very few toxoplasmas. the number of the different exudate-cells (macrophages, big, middlesized and small lymphocytes and heterophils) turn in direction of the lymphocytes in that way, that after the 3rd day of infection 70% of all exudate-cells belong to the group of lymphocytes. they seem to cause the death of the toxoplasmas. after in vitro i ...	1975	1082685
[abortifacient agents in the sow].	abortion in sows may be complete, or much more often partial, since the average litter size is about 10. this review describes the clinical and serological findings, mode of transmission and recommended treatment for the most common parasitic, fungal, mycotoxin, deficient, and toxic causes of abortion in sows. the most likely possibilities in france are brucellosis, leptospirosis, aujeszky virus, mycotoxin, or dietary deficiencies. the bacterialtion in french sows are brucella species, leptospi ...	1975	12308261
[ histopathological changes in the thymus of the white mouse after infection with toxoplasma gondii (author's transl)].	three days after infection of mice with a virulent strain of t. gondii first histopathological destructions of the thymus are visible. the number of lymphocytes decreases step by step till to the animals' day of death on the 7th day p.i. at this time the cortex has lost all its thymocytes. electronmicroscopical pictures show destruction of most of the reticulum cells and lymphocytes. in those cells which are still alive multiplicaiton of toxoplasma trophozoites is to be seen. a lot of parasites ...	1976	1084087
some observations on the epidemiology of toxoplasmosis in canada.	between 1961 and 1974, 11934 samples of serum were tested by the sabin-feldman dye test for the presence of antibodies to toxoplasma gondii. analysis of high-titred sera suggested that a 6-year cycle of high disease prevalence occurred across canada. in addition, a decline in the percentage of positive reactions each year in the fall. the suggestion that this decline was due to dry conditions during the summer months was supported by the observation that differences in the prevalence of toxoplas ...	1976	1068187
unusual encephalitic illnesses in a child with acute leukaemia in remission: possible role of measles virus and toxoplasma gondii.	we report a girl who developed an encephalitic illness with visual loss after two years treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. the visual loss was found to be due to bilateral macular degeneration. she later developed radiological evidence of intracranial calcification and temporal lobe epilepsy. a second episode of encephalitis occurred when she had been off all antileukaemic treatment for three years and this left her with a right hemiparesis. investigation suggested involvement with bot ...	1976	1069915
[antibodies against the cytomegalic virus and toxoplasma gondii in a sample of the monrovia population].	cytomegalovirus and toxoplasma gondii antibodies were titered in 133 serum specimens from students, physicians and technical staff of monrovia hospital. the findings obtained show that both infections are widely spread: cytomegalovirus antibody was detected in 81%, and toxoplasma antibody in 70% of tested sera. no significative differences were observed among sera from different tribes and birth places.	1976	195860
toxoplasmosis in the compromised host.	in 81 cases of toxoplasmosis in patients with neoplasia, collagen-vascular disorders, and organ allografts, the clinical manifestations were highly variable but neurologic syndromes consistent with diffuse encephalopathy, meningoencephalitis, or cerebral mass lesions predominated. many concomitant infections with dna viruses were seen. the diagnosis of toxoplasmosis was not made until postmortem examination in most cases. biopsy of lymph nodes or brain and serologic tests needed for definitive d ...	1976	766683
febrile illnesses resulting in hospital admission: a bacteriological and serological study in jakarta, indonesia.	a study of 741 indonesian patients with fever was carried out in order to determine what serious febrile illnesses are prevalent in jakarta. all patients were hospitalized primarily because of fever and were studied by bacteriological and serological methods. bacteremia due to salmonella typhi (150 cases), s. enteritidis (36 cases), or both (2 cases) was common in both children and adults. one s. enteritidis isolate was chloramphenicol resistant. serological evidence of salmonella infection was ...	1976	769571
mechanism of uptake of strontium isotopes in aspergillus lesions.	observations on experimental aspergillosis of chorioallantoic membranes confirmed that strontium-85 uptake in aspergillus lesions was directly due to infection by the fungus. such uptake was not found in normal or in toxoplasma gondii-infected control membranes. further, the avidity of radionuclide uptake was proportional to the mycelial mass, as previously observed clinically. investigations on 85sr containing malt extract broth aspergillus fumigatus cultures revealed that fungal hyphas did not ...	1976	769615
antibody-induced formation of caps in toxoplasma gondii.	trophozoites of toxoplasma gondii from mouse peritoneal exudate move their surface membrane antigens towards one pole of the cell when incubated with antibodies. the phenomenon may be induced in up to 50% of incubated parasites. it is prevented by some metabolic inhibitors and low temperatures (0-4 degrees c). these properties do not change in parasites subpassaged after repeated incubation with antibodies.	1976	773663
[fluorescence-histological demonstration of toxoplasma gondii in porcine lymph nodes].		1976	782817
parasitic infections in humans in west kalimantan (borneo), indonesia.	a survey was carried out among inhabitants of eight villages in west kalimantan province (borneo), whereby blood smears were examined for malaria, stools examined for intestinal parasites and sera tested by the indirect hemagglutination test for antibodies to entamoeba histolytica and toxoplasma gondii. the prevalence of malaria among 3017 people examined was 5.6% (plasmodium vivax 2.8%, plasmodium falciparum 2.8%). brugia malayi microfilariae were found in 3.6% and wuchereria bancrofti in 0.3%. ...	1976	788263
electron microscopic and radioisotopic studies on cap formation in toxoplasma gondii.	trophozoites of toxoplasma gondii from mouse peritoneal exudate are capable of shedding antibodies with which they have been previously coated. the antibodies are first moved towards the anterior pole of the parasite, at which they form a "cap". from the pole they are shed into the environment in the form of antigen-antibody complexes. an internalization of the accumulated material has never been encountered. most probably, the observed phenomenon reflects a mechanism by which the parasite evade ...	1976	789242
[toxoplasmosis in agriculture workers exposed to the risk of contamination].	five-hundred-and-eighty-eight cattle and agricultural workers were surveyed. one-hundred-and-fifty of them were randomly selected, and they underwent leukograms and absolute eosinophil counts for enabling the study of their hematologic state. a 55% positivity rate was obtained among patients studied through the toxoplasmin intradermoreaction technique from czechoslovakia. historical and morphologic aspects, biological characteristics, evolutive cycle, pathologic characteristics, clinical manifes ...	1976	802796
the response of the mouse r-e system to infection with toxoplasma gondii.	groups of mice were inoculated with strains of toxoplasma gondii of either high or low virulence strains. the response of the lymph nodes, speen and thymus was studied histologically and antibodies were assessed by the dye-test technique. the low-virulence strain induced changes in all three organs indicative of an immunological response, both in respect of cellular and humoral immunity. the high-virulence strain produced rapid lymphoid depletion in lymph nodes, spleen and thymus with areas of n ...	1976	816070
toxoplasmosis in man and animals in south kalimantan (borneo), indonesia.	sera from 1,050 persons, 69 cats, 18 goats, 23 bovines, 2 monkeys, and 1 dog from 7 villages in south kalimantan were tested for indirect hemagglutination toxoplasma gondii antibodies. a seroepidemiologic study with the methylene blue dye test was conducted 1 year later at one village among 25 families and their cats. toxoplasma antibody prevalence in man in different villages varied from 9.7% to 51.0%. forty-one percent of the cats and 61% of the goats also had positive titers. none of the bovi ...	1976	816213
prevention of phagosome-lysosome fusion in cultured macrophages by sulfatides of mycobacterium tuberculosis.	intracellular parasites (e.g., mycobacterium tuberculosis, toxoplasma gondii, and some chlamydiae) may promote their survival within the host by acting from within phagosomes to prevent phagolysosome formation, thus avoiding exposure to the lysosomal hydrolases. the present studies demonstrate that when sulfatides of m. tuberculosis (anionic trehalose glycolipids largely responsible for the neutral red reactivity of virulent strains) are administered to cultured mouse peritoneal macrophages, the ...	1976	821057
loss of stages after continuous passage of toxoplasma gondii and besnoitia jellisoni.	toxoplasma gondii, passed from mouse to mouse in the tachyzoite stage for 30-35 generations, developed cysts, which when fed to cats, failed to produce oocysts. besnoitia jellisoni, passed similarly for 20 generations, lost the capacity to form cysts. these phenomena are explained by a loss of genomes or gene products during the rapid passage selecting for tachyzoites.	1976	823327
a review of sarcocystis of domestic animals and of other coccidia of cats and dogs.	the nomenclature, life cycles, and pathogenicity of sarcocystis of domestic animals are reviewed. sarcocystis had a 2-host life cycle, with carnivores as definitive hosts and herbivores as intermediate hosts. the following species are found in domestic animals (with the definitive hosts given in parentheses): 3 species in the ox: s cruzi (dog, wolf, coyote, raccoon, fox), s hirsuta (cat), s hominis (man, monkey); 2 species in the sheep: s ovicanis (dog), s tenella (cat); 3 species in the pig: s ...	1976	824260
prevalence of toxoplasma gondii antibodies among veterinary college staff and students, iowa state university.	serum samples obtained from two groups within the college of veterinary medicine, iowa state university, were examined for toxoplasma gondii antibodies. serum samples from 65 (26.0%) of the 250 persons examined yielded a titer of 1:16 or greater by the indirect fluorescent antibody test. a prevalence of 33.3% was obtained for 108 veterinary medical research institute (vmri) personnel. fof 142 veterinary students, the reactive rate was 20.4%. there was a marked difference of results within the st ...	1976	825918
[immunoepizootological study of ovine toxoplasmosis].	the authors examined for toxoplasmosis (by means of an indirect hemagglutination reaction) 698 sheep kept in different places in bulgaria. out of this total number, 217 (= 31.1%) responded positively to the tests. in sheep delivering stillborn foetuses the positive response was much more frequent (43.3%) than in sheep with normal parturitions (21.0%). sheep from montane regions showed a significantly higher positivity (40.3%) than sheep from lowland regions (18.3%). three cystogenic strains of t ...	1976	826006
role of activated macrophages in resistance of mice to infection with trypanosoma cruzi.	the role of the activated macrophage in resistance of mice to infection with trypanosoma cruzi was investigated with use of mice that had not been infected with t. cruzi but whose macrophages were activated by toxoplasma gondii or besnoitia jellisoni. mice with activated macrophages were significantly more resistant to intra-peritoneal challenge with the tulahuen strain of t. cruzi than were controls. the role of serum factors in resistance to t. cruzi was excluded by the demonstration of no dif ...	1976	826595
prevalence of antibodies to toxoplasma gondii in wild and domestic animals of new mexico, arizona and colorado.	using the sabin-feldman dye test, sera from wild and domestic animals in new mexico, arizona and colorado were tested for the prevalence of antibodies to toxoplasma gondii. the prevalence of positive titers (greater than or equal to 1:8) in animals from these areas was: new mexico (178 of 569, 31%), arizona (11 of 56, 20%), and colorado (2 of 7, 29%). the overall prevalence of antibodies to toxoplasma was 30% (191 of 632). nine of 17 fecal samples from wild zoo felines contained toxoplasma-like ...	1976	933314
virulence of different strains of toxoplasma gondii and host response in mice.		1976	934286
[simplified techniques for toxoplasmosis studies (author's transl)].	some improvements on laboratory technics for toxoplasmosis are presented: 1--the use of serum from guinea-pigs as accessory factor (af) on the dye-test; 2--the use of filter-paper discs for collecting and storing blood of children and small animals for the dye test; 3--conservation of toxoplasma gondii at various media and temperatures. results: 1--the pool of serum from 14 guinea-pigs gave good results when diluted in 1/5 alsever solution at the proportion of 6/10; 2--the blood from digital pun ...	1976	935565
toxoplasma antibody prevalence in veterinary personnel and a selected population not exposed to cats.	to further elucidate the epidemiologic factors involved in the transmission of toxoplasma gondii from cats to humans, veterinarians, animal hospital workers and a selected population of non-contact subjects were questioned about rural or urban residency, pets owned, contact with cats and whether their cats used a litter box in the house. sera samples were tested at 1:128 dilution for toxoplasma antibodies using indirect fluorescent and hemagglutination techniques. none of the 60 non-contact indi ...	1976	937341
effects of pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine on the intestinal development of toxoplasma gondii in cats.	treatment with combined pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine prolonged the pre-patent period and shortened the patent period of cyst-induced toxoplasmosis in cats. oocyst excretion was inhibited in 3 of 4 cats treated intramuscularly with 2 mg/kg body weight pyrimethamine and 100 mg/kg body weight sulfadiazine but not in 4 cats treated with one-half that dosage. treatment with 2.2 mg/kg body weight pyrimethamine and 132 mg/kg body weight sulfadiazine mixed in cat food did not inhibit oocyst production ...	1976	937628
congenital toxoplasmosis in indonesia.	an 18-month-old male indonesian with blindness, microphthalmia and bilateral cataracts was found to have antibody titers against toxoplasma gondii of 1:512, 1:1024 and 1:1024 respectively by the indirect hemagglutination, indirect fluorescent antibody and sabin-feldman dye test. serum from the child's mother by the same test also demonstrated antibody titers of 1:1024, 1:512 and 1:512 respectively. the clinical manifestations in the child and the presence of anti-toxoplasma antibodies in both mo ...	1976	941244
[the effect of clotrimazole on the pathogen of toxoplasmosis, toxoplasma gondii].	by means of a toxoplasma infection in the mouse it was tested whether the antimycotic agent bis-phenyl-(2-chlorophenyl)-1-imidazolyl-methane (clotrimazol, canesten¿) is also effective against the asexual stages of replication of t. gondii as they occur in man. canesten did not influence the forms of the proliferative phase of replication of t. gondii (trophozoites, pseudocysts = tachyzoites) either in vivo in infected mice or in vitro in the tissue culture.	1976	947177
[experimental studies on the effect of the combination sulfamoxole/trimethoprim on the toxoplasma infection of the mouse (author's transl)].	albino mice infected with toxoplasma gondii (virulent strain bk) were treated for 20 days with a combination of n1-[4,5-dimethyl-2-oxazolyl]-sulfanilamide (sulfamoxole) and 2,4-diamino-5-(3,4,5-trimethoxy-benzyl)-pyrimidine (trimethoprim) in the ratio of 5:1 (trial preparation cn 3123; nevin, supristol). by the suitable dosage the mortality rate could be reduced considerably. in contrast to the untreated controls no antibodies were formed. no cysts could be detected in the brains of treated anim ...	1976	947322
induction of resistance to toxoplasma gondii in human macrophages by soluble lymphocyte products.	autoradiography and light microscopy were used to study the effects of lymphocyte culture supernatants, prepared under a variety of conditions, on the course of intracellular toxoplasma gondii infection in human monocyte-derived macrophages in vitro. supernatants prepared by incubating lymphocytes of dye test- (dt) positive subjects with t. gondii lysate antigen (tla), lymphocytes of dt/negative subjects with streptokinase-streptodornase (sk-sd), or both populations of lymphocytes with concanava ...	1976	950460
parasitology survey in northern sumatra, indonesia.	a parasitology survey was conducted in five villages in north sumatra, indonesia. a total of 3,207 blood smears, 2,066 stool specimens and 969 sera were examined. sixty (1.9%) inhabitants had malaria (plasmodium vivax 41, p. falciparum 19), and 20 had brugia malayi microfilaraemia. the most common intestinal helminths were trichuris trichiura (87%), ascaris lumbricoides (75%) and hookworm (58%). other helminths found in low numbers were enterobius vermicularis, strongyloides stercoralis, taenia ...	1976	950682
age and sex differences in the response of lymph node post-capillary venules in mice infected with toxoplasma gondii.	groups of male and female mice of varying ages were infected with a low-virulence strain of toxoplasma gondii and killed 3 weeks and 6 weeks after infection. the lymph nodes of the female group showed a greater prominence of the endothelial cells of the post-capillary venules. this difference was most marked at the age of 15 weeks and least at 30 or more weeks. the same sex difference was demonstrated in control mice although to a lesser extent. the possible role is discussed of the effect of fe ...	1976	952728
acquired resistance to infection with schistosoma mansoni induced by toxoplasma gondii.		1976	958464
the effect of endo-enteric development of toxoplasma gondii on the ultrastructure of epithelial cells of the small intestine of infected cats.	toxoplasma gondii undergoing endo-enteric development in the small intestine of the cat affects the ultrastructure of the epithelial cells. the epithelial cells from infected cats have swollen rough endoplasmic reticulum and the mitochondria may be swollen with degenerate cristae. a statistically significant shortening of the microvilli of the epithelial cells was demonstrated. it appeared that the effect on the microvilli length was related to the parasite distribution within the small intestin ...	1976	961431
acute acquired toxoplasmosis.	a case of acute acquired toxoplasmosis presenting as a fever of unknown origin is described in a 62-year-old man. the diagnosis was prompted by the presence of toxoplasma gondii in lymph nodes obtained at abdominal laparotomy. the unusual features of the case include the patient's age, the presence of cysts in the lymph node, and itc clinical presentation as a prolonged remittent fever.	1976	968549
the use of the plaque assay in chemotherapeutic and dermal hypersensitivity studies on toxoplasma gondii.		1976	969104
toxoplasma gondii: electron microscopic study on the dye test reaction.		1976	971723
rosette-forming cells during immune response to toxoplasma gondii in mice.	the rosette-forming cell (rfc) response of mice immunized with varying doses of toxoplasma gondii was studied by immunocytoadherence (ica). the specificity of ica in the present system was tested by passive sensitization with hyperimmune serum in vivo and in vitro. a slight increase in rfc was observed with the latter. prior treatment of spleen cells from immunized animals with rabbit anti-mouse immunoglobulin resulted in total inhibition of ica. during the primary and the secondary response aft ...	1976	971946
[detection of anti-toxoplasma gondii antibodies in subjects with repeated abortions, perinatal mortality and malformed infants].	the aa. investigated the frequency of antibodies against toxoplasma gondii in 426 women with repeated abortions, perinatal mortality and malformed newborns. they showed on the whole a low incidence even if they demonstrated a high incidence (77.7%) of antibodies in women with malformed newborns. the meaning of the observations are briefly discussed.	1976	973746
macrophage function and host resistance against infection with toxoplasma gondii.	the role of macrophages on the course of an infection with toxoplasma gondii has been examined. stimulation of macrophage function by killed bordetella pertussis cells did not show any beneficial effect as an increased susceptibility became apparent. the functional blockade of macrophages by dextran sulfate or carbon particles did not result in a higher susceptibility of mice to the lethal primary infection with t. gondii. thus in vivo macrophages apparently do not play an essential role as effe ...	1976	974901
prevalence of toxoplasma gondii antibodies in wild and domestic animals in northern california.	wild and domestic animals from 3 geographic-climatologic areas in northern california were tested for antibodies against toxoplasma gondii. a total of 2,796 serum samples representing 37 species of wild mammals, 35 species of wild birds, and 5 species of domestic animals were tested by the indirect hemagglutination test. of 1,174 wild mammal serums tested, 10.8% were positive, which compared with 14.7% of the 1,221 domestic mammal serums. of 229 wild carnivores tested, 45% were seropositive, inc ...	1976	977457
[role of toxoplasma gondii in the development of malformations].		1976	980585
[toxoplasma gondii. a review on its occurence, life cycle and transmission].		1976	982395
[clinical characteristics of certain collagenoses in persons infected with toxoplasma gondii].		1976	982932
[invasiveness of 2 selected strains of toxoplasma gondii with respect to mice, rats and rabbits].		1976	983059
internal parasites of feral cats from the tasmanian midlands and king island.	eighty-six feral cats from a sheep grazing area in the tasmanian midlands and 21 from king island were examined for internal parasites. major food items in order of decreasing prevalence in stomach contents were insects, lizards, birds, rodents and frogs in the midlands, and rodents, birds, insects, and lizards on king island. feral cats from the midlands had 4 cestode, 7 nematode, 2 trematode and 3 protozoan parasites as follows: spirometra erinacei (66.3%), taenia taeniaeformis (2.3%), dipylid ...	1976	985246
effects of corynebacterium parvum treatment and toxoplasma gondii infection on macrophage-mediated cytostasis of tumour target cells.	injection of mice with corynebacterium parvum or living or killed toxoplasma gondii was studied to determine the efficacy of these treatments in activating peritoneal macrophages to inhibit the uptake of [3h]tdr (cytostasis) by tumour target cells in vitro. in the presence of activated macrophages from mice treated i.p. with a wide dose range of either c. parvum or living toxoplasma, cytostasis was usually greater than 99%. this population of activated macrophages was transient in c. parvum-trea ...	1976	992714
pinocytic rates of macrophages from mice immunized against toxoplasma gondii and macrophages stimulated to inhibit toxoplasma in vitro.	the rate of pinocytosis by macrophages when measured by uptake of horseradish peroxidase was significantly reduced during toxoplasma infection of the cells in vitro when the macrophages were from toxoplasma-immune mice and when control cells were stimulated in vitro to inhibit toxoplasma multiplication. there was, however, no direct correlation between reduced pinocytosis in this model and inhibition or enhancement of toxoplasma multiplication. we conclude that a reduced pinocytic rate is a feat ...	1976	992866
antibodies to toxoplasma gondii in saskatchewan cats, sheep and cattle.		1976	1000460
arabinosyl nucleosides inhibit toxoplasma gondii and allow the selection of resistant mutants.	adenine arabinoside, which inhibits the synthesis of dna by intracellular toxoplasma gondii, is more inhibitory to the parasite than it is to cultured human fibroblast host cells. a single-step mutant of t. gondii that is 50-fold more resistant to adenine arabinoside was isolated after mutagenesis with n-methyl-n'-nitro-n-nitrosoguanidine. cytosine arabinoside is notably more inhibitory to cultured human cells than it is to t. gondii. thus in infected cells treated with cytosine arabinoside and ...	1976	1003290