Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| epidemiology of trypanosome infections of the tsetse fly glossina pallidipes in the zambezi valley. | the epidemiology of trypanosome infections of glossina pallidipes was studied at a riverine site in the zambezi valley, zimbabwe for a period of 13 months. over 9000 flies were captured using a single trap. these flies were dissected, screened for trypanosome infection, sexed, and aged using both wing fray and (for females) ovarian category indices. midgut infections were identified to species using recently developed dna probes. the overall prevalence of mature infections was 5.5%, comprising 3 ... | 1993 | 8341584 |
| the influence of host blood on infection rates in glossina morsitans sspp. infected with trypanosoma congolense, t. brucei and t. simiae. | trypanosoma congolense, t. brucei and t. simiae isolated from wild-caught glossina pallidipes were fed to laboratory-reared g. morsitans centralis and g.m. morsitans to determine the effect of host blood at the time of the infective feed on infection rates. bloodstream forms of trypanosomes were membrane-fed to flies either neat, or mixed with blood from cows, goats, pigs, buffalo, eland, waterbuck and oryx. the use of different bloods for the infective feed resulted in differences in infection ... | 1993 | 8355996 |
| pathogenesis and pathology of african trypanosomosis in baoulé, n'dama/baoulé cross bred and zebu cattle in burkina faso. 1. clinical performance under high natural tsetse challenge. | the pathogenesis and pathology of african animal trypanosomosis (aat) in baoulé, n'dama/baoulé-cross-bred and zebu cattle was studied from 1987 to 1991 in a series of experiments conducted under natural and artificial conditions of challenge at the centre de recherches sur les trypanosomoses animales (crta) in burkina faso. this first paper reports on the clinical performance of 64 baoulé, 10 n'dama/baoulé-cross-bred and 20 zebu cattle, which were transferred to the pastoral zone of satiri, 50 k ... | 1993 | 8367674 |
| trypanosoma (nannomonas) congolense: molecular characterization of a new genotype from tsavo, kenya. | trypanosoma (nannomonas) congolense comprises morphologically identical but genetically heterogeneous parasites infective to livestock and other mammalian hosts; three different genotypes of this parasite have been described previously. restriction enzyme fragment length polymorphisms (rflps) in both kinetoplast dna minicircle and nuclear dna sequences, and randomly amplified polymorphic deoxyribonucleic acid (rapd) patterns have been used here to demonstrate the existence of another type of t. ... | 1993 | 8383313 |
| reduced responsiveness of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in boran (bos inducus) cattle infected with trypanosoma congolense. | the response of the pituitary-adrenal axis to corticotrophin-releasing hormone (crh) and the adrenal response to adrenocorticotrophin hormone (acth) stimulation were studied during infection of boran (bos indicus) cattle with trypanosoma congolense. for crh, 15 animals were challenged during preinfection and infection phases, while for acth 10 animals were challenged during pre-infection, infection and post-treatment phases of the experiments. the axis showed a reduced responsiveness after crh c ... | 1993 | 8394613 |
| maxicircle dna and edited mrna sequences of closely related trypanosome species: implications of krna editing for evolution of maxicircle genomes. | krna editing produces functional mrnas by uridine insertion and deletion. we analyzed portions of the apocytochrome b and nadh dehydrogenase subunits 7 and 8 (nd7 and 8) genes and their edited mrnas in trypanosoma congolense and compared these to the corresponding sequences in t.brucei. we find that these genes are highly diverged between the two species, especially in the positions of thymidines and in nucleotide transitions. editing eliminates differences in encoded uridines producing edited m ... | 1993 | 8396763 |
| rickettsia-like organisms and chitinase production in relation to transmission of trypanosomes by tsetse flies. | rickettsia-like organisms (rlo) from testse midguts and mosquito cell cultures showed high levels of endochitinase activity. a line of glossina morsitans morsitans highly susceptible to midgut trypanosome infection and with high incidence of rlo infection showed significantly greater chitinolytic activity than g. austeni which had low rlo incidence and were correspondingly refractory to midgut infection. midgut infection rates of trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense in g. m. morsitans showed a dose-re ... | 1993 | 8414668 |
| antibody responses to invariant antigens of trypanosoma congolense in cattle of differing susceptibility to trypanosomiasis. | five trypanotolerant n'dama (bos taurus) and five susceptible boran (bos indicus) cattle were challenged by tsetse flies infected with trypanosoma congolense il 13-e3. these animals had experienced five previous infections with t. congolense, each terminated by drug therapy. immunoblotting and elisa were used to determine isotype and specificity of antibody responses to trypanosome invariant antigens. both igm and igg1 were elicited, but the igg1 responses were directed against a greater diversi ... | 1993 | 8446463 |
| measurement of trypanotolerance criteria and their effect on reproductive performance of n'dama cattle. | one thousand and twenty-eight cow-year records were available from 260 n'dama cows each having at least 2 years of monthly matching health and performance data over a 5-year period under a medium natural tsetse challenge in gabon. four hundred and fifty-eight calf/dam pairs were also available where the calf had been reared to weaning, both had monthly matching records and each cow had weaned at least two calves. evaluations were carried out on effects of, and linkages between, environmental and ... | 1993 | 8447067 |
| trypanosoma congolense: in vitro susceptibility of bloodstream forms to diminazene and isometamidium. | 1993 | 8454031 | |
| fluorescence analysis of the interaction of isometamidium with trypanosoma congolense. | isometamidium chloride (samorin) is the only compound recommended for prophylaxis against bovine trypanosomiasis in sub-saharan africa. the fluorescence property of this compound was used to investigate the interaction of the molecule with in vitro-derived bloodstream forms of trypanosoma congolense il 1180. incubation of isometamidium with trypanosomes at 37 degrees c for 180 min resulted in a gradual alteration of the lambda max. with time (from 600 to 584 nm) and an increase in the intensity ... | 1993 | 8503859 |
| defecation by anopheles arabiensis mosquitoes of host blood infected with live trypanosoma congolense. | female anopheles arabiensis mosquitoes were experimentally fed on hamsters and balb/c mice which were either clean or infected with trypanosoma congolense. the mosquitoes readily fed on either animal. a blood repletion rate of 82.7% was recorded for mosquitoes feeding on hamsters. seventy seven per cent of the replete mosquitoes continued to feed while at the same time defecating the host's blood in droplets, ejected in quick succession from the anus. ninety five per cent of mosquitoes defecatin ... | 1993 | 8516628 |
| derivation and characterization of a quinapyramine-resistant clone of trypanosoma congolense. | over a period of 208 days a quinapyramine-resistant population was derived in vivo from a quinapyramine-susceptible clone of trypanosoma congolense: il 1180. while the dose of quinapyramine sulfate required to cure 50% of mice infected with the parental clone was 0.23 mg/kg of body weight, the 50% curative dose for the resistant derivative, il 1180/stabilate 12, was greater than 9.6 mg/kg. this approximately 40-fold increase in resistance to quinapyramine was shown to be associated with an 8-fol ... | 1993 | 8517707 |
| [ticks and hemoparasitoses in livestock in senegal. v. the northern guinea area]. | the authors report the results of a study on ticks and hemoparasitoses among cattle, sheep and goats in the north-guinean zone. during a period of 15 months, ticks were systematically removed from 40 cattle, 40 sheep and 40 goats in order to assess the population dynamics and to determine more accurately the preferential sites of settlement of the following different species collected from these animals: amblyomma variegatum, boophilus geigyi, hyalomma truncatum, h. marginatum rufipes, rhipiceph ... | 1993 | 8073170 |
| time-dose response of trypanosoma congolense bloodstream forms to diminazene and isometamidium. | trypanosoma congolense bloodstream forms were propagated in vitro axenically in a simplified cultivation medium at 34 degrees c. viability of a drug-sensitive and a drug-resistant clone were examined for 10 days following exposure to 0.1, 1.0 and 10.0 micrograms ml-1 of diminazene aceturate and 0.1, 1.0 and 10.0 ng ml-1 of isometamidium chloride for various time intervals. drug-sensitive t. congolense were irreversibly damaged after incubation with 10 micrograms ml-1 or 1 microgram ml-1 diminaze ... | 1994 | 8073607 |
| a 69 kda immunodominant antigen of trypanosoma (nannomonas) congolense is homologous to immunoglobulin heavy chain binding protein (bip). | an immunodominant antigen in trypanosoma congolense-infected cattle is a 69 kda protein which is conserved among species and developmental stages of african trypanosomes. immunoscreening of a cdna expression library identified a 2.35 kbp clone which contains a complete open reading frame encoding a protein of 653 amino acids with a predicted molecular mass of 71 kda. protein sequence analyses revealed 45-65% identity with hsp70s from a broad range of organisms, the highest homology being with th ... | 1994 | 8084662 |
| effects of trypanosome and helminth infections on health and production parameters of village n'dama cattle in the gambia. | the effects of trypanosome and helminth infections on health and production parameters in 2000 village n'dama cattle were assessed periodically. blood examination showed trypanosoma congolense and trypanosoma vivax to be prevalent, while strongylid-type eggs were those most frequently encountered in faecal samples. a distinct seasonal fluctuation was detected for both blood levels of trypanosomes and helminth egg output. strongylid burden and trypanosome infection had significant negative effect ... | 1994 | 7839560 |
| effects of trypanosoma congolense infection in rams on the pulsatile secretion of lh and testosterone and responses to injection of gnrh. | changes in pulsatile secretion of lh and testosterone and responses to exogenous gnrh were assessed at different stages of trypanosoma congolense infection in rams. jugular blood samples were collected every 15 min for 6 h followed by immediate injection of gnrh (20 micrograms i.v.) and further sample collection after 10, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100 and 120 min. this sampling and injection regimen was performed 5 days before infection (day -5) and 23 and 52 days after infection. t. congolense infection ... | 1994 | 7861397 |
| heligmosomoides polygyrus and trypanosoma congolense infections in mice: a laboratory model for concurrent gastrointestinal nematode and trypanosome infections. | a murine model using heligmosomoides polygyrus and trypanosoma congolense has been developed for studying the effects of concurrent chronic gastrointestinal nematode and trypanosome infections. female outbred mice were infected either with 500 infective larvae (l3) of h. polygyrus or with 10(4) bloodstream forms of t. congolense or both. in concurrent infections, animals were dosed with both parasites simultaneously or the trypanosomes were injected 5 or 10 days after the mice were infected with ... | 1994 | 8152856 |
| relationships between protease activity, host blood and infection rates in glossina morsitans sspp. infected with trypanosoma congolense, t. brucei and t. simiae. | midgut protease activity in glossina morsitans centralis and g.m. morsitans, at 48 h post bloodmeal averaged 1.8iu of trypsin-like activity. these two tsetse subspecies differ in their susceptibility to trypanosome infection. except for low levels in flies fed on waterbuck blood (0.7 iu), activity did not differ in flies fed a variety of host bloods (goat, pig, cow, buffalo, eland) and trypanosome species (trypanosoma congolense, t. brucei, t. simiae). protease activity was also not correlated w ... | 1994 | 8161844 |
| midgut lectin activity and sugar specificity in teneral and fed tsetse. | midgut infection rates of trypanosoma congolense in glossina palpalis palpalis and of trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense in glossina pallidipes are potentiated by the addition of d+ glucosamine to the infective feed, but not to the levels of super-infection reported for g.m.morsitans, g.p.palpalis and g.pallidipes are shown to possess two trypanocidal molecules: a glucosyl lectin which can be inhibited by d+ glucosamine and a galactosyl molecule inhibited by d+ galactose. addition of both d+ glucosa ... | 1994 | 8161852 |
| a comparison of the susceptibility of djallonké sheep and west african dwarf goats to experimental infection with two different strains of trypanosoma congolense. | two cloned strains of trypanosoma congolense, of west and east african origin, were used to infect by intradermal inoculation two groups of young adult female djallonké sheep and west african dwarf goats. for a 3 month period post-infection, packed red cell volume (pcv), parasitaemia, body weight and clinical parameters were followed to evaluate their trypanotolerant nature and to control the pathogenicity of the two strains of t. congolense. although the west african strain of t. congolense was ... | 1994 | 8171821 |
| effects of trypanosoma congolense infection on the pituitary gland of baoulé bulls: immunohistochemistry of lh- and fsh-secreting cells and response of plasma lh and testosterone to combined dexamethasone and gnrh treatment. | the effects of trypanosoma congolense infection were investigated at the pituitary level on trypanosome resistant baoulé bulls (aged 3-6 years), using immunohistochemistry of lh- and fsh-secreting cells and a combined dexamethasone and gnrh challenge. the pituitaries of two control and five naturally infected baoulé bulls were removed after slaughter and the lh- and fsh-secreting cells were examined immunohistochemically, using specific polyclonal antibodies against beta lh and beta fsh. no sign ... | 1994 | 8182584 |
| relapse of trypanosoma congolense infection in goats after diminazene aceturate is not a result of invasion of the central nervous system. | 1994 | 8192521 | |
| isometamidium concentrations in the sera of boran cattle: correlation with prophylaxis against tsetse-transmitted trypanosoma congolense. | fifteen boran cattle from a trypanosomiasis-free area were injected intramuscularly with isometamidium chloride at a dose of 1 mg/kg body weight. thereafter, the cattle were challenged at monthly intervals with glossina morsitans centralis infected with one of three populations of trypanosoma congolense (il 3893, il 3889 or il 1180) until all animals became infected. isometamidium concentrations in the sera of these cattle were measured using a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay over ... | 1994 | 8203294 |
| major surface glycoproteins of procyclic stage african trypanosomes. | the procyclic stage in the life cycle of african trypanosomes is adapted for life in the harsh environment of the midgut of the tsetse fly vector. procyclic forms derived by transformation from antigenically distinct bloodstream variants are antigenically similar and have lost the variant surface glycoprotein coat of the bloodstream forms. in contrast to bloodstream forms, where the variant surface glycoprotein coat is essentially the only molecule exposed, many different proteins can be labeled ... | 1994 | 8206145 |
| mechanism of reduction of quinones by trypanosoma congolense trypanothione reductase. | a number of quinones were analyzed as substrates for trypanothione reductase from trypanosoma congolense, an enzyme responsible for the protection of trypanosomes against oxidative stress. using nadph as substrate, the maximal rate of the steady-state reaction at ph 7.5 was between 24 and 1.6 s-1 for 11 quinone substrates. the biomolecular steady-state rate constants for quinone reduction, v/km, ranged from 240 to 1.9 x 10(5) m-1 s-1, and their logarithms exhibited a hyperbolic dependence on the ... | 1994 | 8117712 |
| modulation of the phenotype and function of bovine afferent lymph cells during infection with trypanosoma congolense. | alterations in the phenotype and function of cells isolated from bovine afferent lymph were studied following tsetse-transmitted trypanosoma congolense infection. little alteration was observed in the output of the cd2+ t cells in the lymph, and within this population the cd4:cd8 ratio remained relatively constant. by contrast, a marked decrease was observed in the output of gamma delta t cells over the first 7 days following infection. the number of b cells increased between 2 and 6 days post-i ... | 1994 | 8128607 |
| the structure, organization, and expression of the leishmania donovani gene encoding trypanothione reductase. | trypanothione reductase (tr) is an nadph-dependent flavoprotein oxidoreductase central to thiol metabolism in the trypanosomatids. we report here the cloning by expression of the leishmania donovani gene. it is single copy, expresses a 2.6-kb transcript and a 52-kda protein and is located on a 1.1-mbp chromosome. the 491 amino acid sequence has 76% similarity to crithidia fasciculata and 67% similarity to trypanosoma cruzi, trypanosoma congolense and trypanosoma brucei tr. residues recognising t ... | 1994 | 7935607 |
| trypanosoma brucei, t. congolense and t. vivax infections in horses on a farm in kenya. | equines are particularly susceptible to infection with trypanosoma evansi and t. brucei, but rarely is natural t. congolense and t. vivax infection seen in horses. an outbreak of trypanosomosis occurred in a herd of horses used for patrolling the pineapple fields on the del monte farm, thika, kenya initially involving 6 horses. on subsequent screening of the entire group, t. brucei, t. congolense and t. vivax infections were detected in 16 of the 35 horses. the tests used for diagnosis included ... | 1994 | 7941037 |
| dna content and molecular karyotype of trypanosomes of the subgenus nannomonas. | the relative dna contents of representative stocks of 5 groups within the trypanosome subgenus nannomonas (trypanosoma simiae, godfreyi, t. congolense savannah, forest and kilifi) were measured by flow cytometry. the range of dna contents formed a continuum. nevertheless small differences were observed between the groups, with t. simiae/t. congolense savannah and t. congolense kilifi/forest at the lower and higher ends of the range respectively. analysis of karyotype by pulsed field gel electrop ... | 1994 | 7942351 |
| chinifur, a selective inhibitor and "subversive substrate" for trypanosoma congolense trypanothione reductase. | nitrofurans with aromatic and heterocyclic substituents inhibit trypanosoma congolense trypanothione reductase (tr) and yeast glutathione reductase (gr), acting as uncompetitive inhibitors vs. nadph and noncompetitive or uncompetitive inhibitors vs. disulfide substrate. many of these compounds inhibited trypanothione reductase more efficiently than glutathione reductase. chinifur (2-[5'-nitro(furo-2'-yl)-ethene-1-yl]-4(n,n-diethylamino)-1-methyl-but-1 -yl - aminocarbonyl-4-quinoline) was the mos ... | 1994 | 7945363 |
| detection of trypanosome infections in the saliva of tsetse flies and buffy-coat samples from antigenaemic but aparasitaemic cattle. | relatively simple protocols employing non-radioactive dna probes have been used for the detection of african trypanosomes in the blood of mammalian hosts and the saliva of live tsetse flies. in combination with the polymerase chain reaction (pcr), the protocols revealed trypanosomes in buffy-coat samples from antigenaemic but aparasitaemic cattle and in the saliva of live, infected tsetse flies. furthermore, the protocols were used to demonstrate concurrent natural infections of single tsetse fl ... | 1994 | 8022657 |
| protection conferred by trypanosoma evansi infection against homologous and heterologous trypanosome challenge in rabbits. | the response of rabbits, infected with trypanosoma evansi, to challenge with homologous and heterologous trypanosome species was investigated. protection against homologous challenge was complete with partial protection observed against heterologous t. evansi and trypanosoma brucei challenge. no protection was seen against challenges with trypanosoma vivax or trypanosoma congolense. the recognition of the surface components of the parasite by the host antibodies was closely linked with complete ... | 1994 | 8030185 |
| dynamics of host blood effects in glossina morsitans sspp. infected with trypanosoma congolense and t. brucei. | the pattern of infection in glossina morsitans morsitans and g. m. centralis membrane-fed on eland, buffalo or goat blood mixed with trypanosoma congolense or t. brucei was studied from day 1 to day 10. tsetse were initially permissive vectors, with most flies harbouring infections of 10(4)-10(5) parasites on day 3. however, after a second blood meal on day 3, flies cleared many infections, with g. m. morsitans clearing more infections than g.m. centralis. infective feeds of goat blood consisten ... | 1994 | 8036228 |
| sequence determination of three variable surface glycoproteins from trypanosoma congolense. conserved sequence and structural motifs. | the full-length cdna sequences of three variable surface glycoproteins from bloodstream forms of trypanosoma congolense have been determined. they encode preproteins of 429, 449, and 428 amino acids. these proteins contain the typical n-terminal leader sequences of secreted eukaryotic proteins, and display hydrophobic amino acids at their c-termini characteristic of variable surface glycoproteins; these leader sequences serve as transient membrane anchors after protein synthesis. by performing s ... | 1994 | 8055958 |
| maturation of trypanosome infections in tsetse. | 1994 | 8056082 | |
| immunoelectron microscopic studies on the specific adhesion of trypanosoma congolense to cultured vascular endothelial cells. | bloodstream forms of trypanosoma congolense were cocultivated in vitro with vascular endothelial cells. the trypanosomes adhere specifically to the endothelial surfaces of the anterior part of their flagella, as shown by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. the interaction between parasite and host cell is very tight, and frequently the accumulation of endocytotic vesicles near the contact site is observed. immunoelectron microscopy revealed a compound distributed over the total surfac ... | 1994 | 8060730 |
| tumour necrosis factor production by monocytes from cattle infected with trypanosoma (duttonella) vivax and trypanosoma (nannomonas) congolense: possible association with severity of anaemia associated with the disease. | plasma of cattle infected with trypanosoma vivax il2337 was analysed for the presence of bovine tumour necrosis factor (tnf) by eia in which tnf was captured by a monoclonal antibody (moab bc9) and detected by a rabbit polyclonal antiserum. at week 2-3 post infection (p.i.) only a low activity was detected. therefore, an alternative approach was used in which tnf production was measured ex vivo. monocytes from t. vivax il2337-infected cattle manifested a strong tnf production which peaked around ... | 1994 | 7908735 |
| patterns of trypanosoma vivax and t. congolense infection differ in young n'dama cattle and their dams. | trypanosome infection was detected by the dark ground/phase contrast buffy coat microscopic technique in n'dama cattle in a high natural tsetse challenge situation in zaire. the data were used to compare the pattern of infection in very young animals and in their dams, and to evaluate how the pattern evolved in calves from birth to maturity, and thereafter in the different age groups represented by their dams. five hundred and fourteen calves were evaluated at 3 week intervals for an average of ... | 1994 | 7879376 |
| quantitative phenotyping of n'dama cattle for aspects of trypanotolerance under field tsetse challenge. | matching animal health and performance data were recorded over the 2 year period from weaning at 10 months of age on 255 n'dama cattle in a high natural tsetse challenge situation in zaire. four parameters that are regarded as possible indicators of trypanotolerance, species of trypanosomes detected, length of time parasitaemic, intensity of parasitaemia (parasitaemia score), and anaemic condition as estimated by packed cell volume (pcv) values, were measured and the relative effects of changes ... | 1994 | 7879377 |
| kinetoplast-associated proteins as potential drug targets and diagnostic markers for trypanosomiasis. | 1994 | 7884235 | |
| comparative chromatin analysis of trypanosoma congolense. | the chromatin of trypanosoma congolense was analyzed by electron microscopy. the chromatin is organized as nucleosome filaments but does not form a 30 nm fiber. there are five groups of histones, including a histone h1-like protein, which as a molecular weight within the range of the core histones, and is extremely hydrophilic. weak histone-histone interaction, a typical feature of trypanosome chromatin, was found. these results are similar to those for t. cruzi and t. b. brucei, but differ sign ... | 1994 | 7885250 |
| response of diminazene-resistant and diminazene-susceptible trypanosoma congolense to treatment with diminazene when occurring as a mixed infection in goats. | a study was carried out to determine whether a drug-resistant trypanosome population could influence the survival of a drug-sensitive population in mixed infections in goats. to identify both populations during the course of a mixed infection, a system for distinguishing them was developed; using a nucleotide sequence of a cdna that was derived from trypanosoma congolense ilnat 3.3 (il 1616), a pair of 20-mer primers was designed which, in a pcr, amplified a 900-bp sequence from the diminazene-s ... | 1994 | 7893173 |
| experimental trypanosoma congolense infection on naturally occurring ticks in n'dama and gobra zebu cattle. | the effects of experimental trypanosoma congolense infection in gambian n'dama and gobra zebu cattle on number of naturally-occurring adult ticks attaching were studied. an indirect fluorescent antibody test was performed to detect serological prevalence of cowdria ruminantium antibody. the intravenously imposed trypanosome infection did not result in significant (p > 0.05) differences in amblyomma variegatum and hyalomma spp. infestations between control and infected n'dama cattle. control n'da ... | 1994 | 7638002 |
| in vitro activation and detection of antibody-secreting cells from trypanosoma congolense-infected cattle. | b cells from the peripheral blood and spleen of trypanosoma congolense-infected cattle and from the peripheral blood of an uninfected cohort were analysed for ability to secrete antibody and for expression of surface antigens before and after in vitro culture with interleukin-2, lipopolysaccharide and pokeweed mitogen. antibody-secreting cells (asc) were only detected in lymphocytes from peripheral blood after in vitro stimulation. the frequency of asc was greater in cultures of lymphocytes from ... | 1994 | 7536707 |
| early stages of infection with trypanosoma congolense: parasite kinetics and expression of metacyclic variable antigen types. | trypanosoma congolense develops in the skin of sheep at the site of inoculation of metacyclic trypanosomes, forming a chancre containing large numbers of parasites. by cannulating the afferent and efferent lymphatic ducts draining the skin and regional lymph node, the progressive development and migration of trypanosomes from the chancre was monitored and the expression of metacyclic antigen types (m-vats) was determined. the kinetics of development of parasitosis in the afferent and efferent ly ... | 1994 | 7709859 |
| developmental regulation of rna editing and polyadenylation in four life cycle stages of trypanosoma congolense. | the accumulation of many edited mrnas is developmentally regulated in a transcript-specific fashion in trypanosoma brucei. in addition, these transcripts are frequently present in two size classes which differ substantially in the lengths of their poly(a) tails, and poly(a) tail length is also developmentally regulated. previously, these phenomena have only been studied in the mammalian bloodstream and insect procyclic forms (bf and pf, respectively) of t. brucei. in this paper, we examine devel ... | 1994 | 7739675 |
| identification of trypanosomes in animals, humans and glossina. | a number of biochemical methods are now available for the identification of african trypanosomes. the method of choice depends on the number of trypanosomes present in the sample and the taxonomic level required. dna probes based on repetitive dna elements allow identification to subgeneric (e.g. trypanozoon), species (e.g. trypanosoma congolense, t. simiae) or subspecific (e.g. t. congolense savannah) levels. these probes are particularly useful for identification of trypanosomes in the fly mid ... | 1994 | 7496192 |
| pig trypanosomosis: prevalence and significance in the endemic middle belt zone of southern nigeria. | abattoir and field/market surveys of 1,954 crossbred pigs aged 6 to 30 months, for trypanosomosis in the middle belt zone of southern nigeria, revealed a 26.8 infection rate. of those infected, 66.5, 23.9 and 8.2 % were due to mixed, single trypanosoma brucei and t. congolense infections respectively. although 1.5 % of the infections were unidentified, there was no evidence of t simiae. the infection rate was significantly higher (p < 0.05) among the abattoir pigs (37.8 %) than among the farm pi ... | 1994 | 7770662 |
| trypanosome infections of the tsetse fly glossina pallidipes in the luangwa valley, zambia. | trypanosome infections of glossina pallidipes were investigated at a site in the luangwa valley, zambia between june 1991 and september 1992. almost 3700 flies were captured, dissected, screened for trypanosome infection, and aged using both wing fray and (for females) ovarian categories. dna probes were used to identify midgut infections. prevalences of mature infections were 6.2% trypanosoma vivax-type and 3.1% t. congolense-type (including low prevalances of t. brucei, t. simiae and another n ... | 1994 | 7772128 |
| antitrypanosomal activity of phosphonylmethoxyalkylpurines. | phosphonylmethoxyalkylpurines and -pyrimidines exhibit potent activity against a broad spectrum of dna viruses. we evaluated some of these nucleotide analogues for antitrypanosomal activity in vitro and in mice. the most active compounds were (s)-9-(3-hydroxy-2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl) adenine (hpmpa) and (s)-9-(3-hydroxy-2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl)-2,6-diaminopurine (hpmpdap), which inhibited growth of trypanosoma brucei brucei by 50% (ec50 value) when incubated in vitro for 24 hr with 0.23-5.69 ... | 1994 | 7799144 |
| involvement of gamma delta t cells in immunity to trypanosomiasis. | in this study the involvement of peripheral gamma delta t cells, prepared by flow cytometry, in the immune response of cattle to primary infection with trypanosoma congolense was assessed. negligible in vitro proliferative responses were observed in gamma delta t cells isolated from trypanosusceptible boran (bos indicus) cattle at all stages examined post-infection when stimulated in vitro with parasite antigens. in contrast, both cd8+ t cells and gamma delta t cells from trypanotolerant n'dama ... | 1994 | 7821972 |
| the interaction of trypanosoma congolense with endothelial cells. | factors which affect adhesion of cultured trypanosoma congolense bloodstream forms to mammalian feeder cells have been examined. using an in vitro binding assay, the initial events following interaction of trypanosomes with bovine aorta endothelial (bae) cells were monitored by both light- and electron microscopy. metabolic inhibitors and other biochemicals were incubated with either cells or parasites, to test whether any inhibited the process. our findings suggest that adhesion of the parasite ... | 1994 | 7831098 |
| trypanosomiasis and trypanotolerance in cattle: a role for congopain? | a trypanosoma congolense cysteine protease (congopain) elicits a high igg response in trypanotolerant but not in trypanosusceptible cattle during primary infections. as discussed here by edith authié, this observation suggests that congopain, like other parasite cysteine proteases, may play a role in pathogenicity and that more efficient immune responses to congopain may contribute to trypanotolerance. | 1994 | 15275419 |
| evaluation of an antigen detection-elisa test for the diagnosis of trypanosomiasis in naturally infected cattle. | the sensitivity and the specificity of the antigen detection elisa proposed by nantulya and lindqvist (1989) for the diagnosis of african animal trypanosomiasis have been assessed in naturally-occurring infections. 1633 cattle were sampled in trypanosomiasis endemic area and examined for trypanosomes by darkground/phase contrast buffy-coat method described by murray et al. (1977) and for circulating antigen by elisa. fifty sera from markoye, a tsetse free area in north of burkina faso, and 49 se ... | 1995 | 8826113 |
| trypanosoma congolense: tissue distribution of long-term t- and b-cell responses in cattle. | memory t- and b-cell responses to trypanosome antigens were measured in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, spleen and lymph node cells obtained from four trypanotolerant n'dama cattle which had been exposed to six experimental infections with trypanosoma congolense. these cattle were treated with trypanocidal drugs following each infection and had remained aparasitemic for 3 years prior to this study. the antigens used were whole trypanosome lysate, variable surface glycoprotein, a 33-kda cyste ... | 1995 | 8847087 |
| trypanosomatid cysteine protease activity may be enhanced by a kininogen-like moiety from host serum. | african trypanosomes contain cysteine proteases (trypanopains) the activity of which can be measured by in vitro digestion of fibrinogen, after electrophoresis in fibrinogen-containing sds/polyacrylamide gels. when assessed by this procedure, trypanopain from trypanosoma brucei (trypanopain-tb) is estimated to have a molecular mass of 28 kda. however, two additional bands of trypanopain activity (87 kda and 105 kda) are observed if serum is added to the trypanopain before electrophoresis. format ... | 1995 | 7832773 |
| relationships between host blood factors and proteases in glossina morsitans subspecies infected with trypanosoma congolense. | host blood effects on trypanosoma congolense establishment in glossina morsitans morsitans and glossina morsitans centralis were investigated using goat, rabbit, cow and rhinoceros blood. meals containing goat erythrocytes facilitated infection in g.m.morsitans, whereas meals containing goat plasma facilitated infection in g.m.centralis. goat blood effects were not observed in the presence of complementary rabbit blood components. n-acetyl-glucosamine (a midgut-lectin inhibitor) increased infect ... | 1995 | 7787223 |
| flagellum-mediated adhesion of trypanosoma congolense to bovine aorta endothelial cells. | we studied the interaction between trypanosoma congolense and bovine aorta endothelial (bae) cell monolayers. our findings suggest that trypanosomes adhere predominantly to the flattened, peripheral cell surface domains as well as to filamentous endothelial outgrowths that are present during in vitro cultivation in non-confluent monolayers. adhesion is mediated exclusively by the flagellum in a distinct geometrical order with respect to the flagellar cytoskeleton. thus, it is possible to define ... | 1995 | 7501641 |
| glutathione reductase (ec 1.6.4.2.) in experimental trypanosomiasis. | the activity of glutathione reductase (ghsr) in extracts of kidney, liver and testis of rats infected with trypanosoma congolense decreased with every wave of parasitemia. the implications of these observations as they relate to the risk of oxidative stress are discussed. | 1995 | 7758150 |
| expression of trypanosoma congolense antigens in spodoptera frugiperda insect cells. | transcripts which encode two metacyclic-form-specific variable surface glycoproteins (mvsgs) of trypanosoma congolense il3000 have been cloned into baculovirus expression vectors using a novel transfer vector, pacl11. one of the recombinant baculoviruses (acvsg1) expressed a mvsg as a glycoprotein with a signal peptide which was cleaved in this expression system, whereas the other one (acvsg2) expressed an unprocessed protein. from 1 liter of culture containing 10(9) spodoptera frugiperda cells ... | 1995 | 7758544 |
| apparent rarity of diminazene-resistant trypanosomes in goats infected with a diminazene-resistant population of trypanosoma congolense. | experiments were carried out in goats to determine the frequency with which diminazene-resistant trypanosomes occur in parasite populations before and after the intramuscular treatment of the goats with diminazene aceturate. trypanosoma congolense il 3274, a diminazene-resistant clone, was used to initiate infections in three groups of five goats. the goats in the first group were treated with diminazene aceturate at a dose of 7.0 mg kg-1 bodyweight within 10 seconds of infection; one of the goa ... | 1995 | 7761687 |
| effects of trypanosoma congolense on pituitary and adrenocortical function in sheep: changes in the adrenal gland and cortisol secretion. | the effect of trypanosomiasis on adrenal function was studied in 10 pubertal scottish blackface rams infected with trypanosoma congolense and nine uninfected controls. plasma cortisol concentration was measured by radioimmunoassay in samples obtained twice a week for three weeks before infection and three times a week for 79 days after infection. there was a significant (p < 0.001) increase in cortisol concentration in all the infected rams after the onset of parasitaemia nine to 16 days after i ... | 1995 | 7761698 |
| effects of trypanosoma congolense on pituitary and adrenocortical function in sheep: responses to exogenous corticotrophin-releasing hormone. | to investigate whether the aberrations in adrenocortical and gonadal activity observed in trypanosomiasis may be induced by the refractoriness of the pituitary to hypothalamic liberins, the responses of the pituitary and adrenal glands and the testes to stimulation with ovine corticotrophin-releasing hormone (ocrh) were studied in rams 23 days (acute phase) and 65 days (chronic phase) after they were infected with trypanosoma congolense. on both occasions a peak of plasma acth was observed withi ... | 1995 | 7761699 |
| three genes and two isozymes: gene conversion and the compartmentalization and expression of the phosphoglycerate kinases of trypanosoma (nannomonas) congolense. | the glycosome, a microbody organelle found only in kinetoplastid protozoa, compartmentalizes the first six enzymes of glycolysis. in order to better understand the regulation and targeting of glycolytic enzymes in trypanosomes, we have cloned and analyzed the three genes of the phosphoglycerate kinase (pgk) complex of trypanosoma (nannomonas) congolense. the organization of the genes within the complex is similar to that of trypanosoma brucei brucei. the nucleotide and amino-acid sequences, incl ... | 1995 | 7770090 |
| trypanosoma congolense infection in two dogs. | trypanosomiasis, caused by trypanosoma congolense, was diagnosed for the first time in israel in two boxer dogs imported from kenya. the dogs developed clinical signs two days after arrival and succumbed to the disease within four days. the major clinical and clinicopathological findings included anaemia, haemorrhages, lymphadenomegaly, hepatosplenomegaly and neurological signs. histopathology showed lymphocytic-plasmacytic infiltration in the skin, brain, meninges, kidney and liver. | 1995 | 7723295 |
| feeding behaviour of tsetse flies (glossina pallidipes austen) on trypanosoma-infected oxen in kenya. | an incomplete ring of electric nets was placed around oxen which were either uninfected, infected with trypanosoma vivax, or infected with t. congolense. the numbers of fed and unfed glossina pallidipes caught on the nets were used to estimate the attractiveness of the oxen to tsetse, and the feeding success of the tsetse on the oxen. oxen infected with t. congolense attracted more g. pallidipes than the other groups of oxen. taking into consideration daily variation in the abundance or activity ... | 1995 | 7724237 |
| trypanosoma congolense: comparative effects of a primary infection on bone marrow progenitor cells from n'dama and boran cattle. | using in vitro clonogenic assays, the changes in haemopoietic progenitor cell levels were compared in the bone marrow of three adult trypanotolerant n'dama cattle and three age-matched trypanosusceptible boran cattle over 17 weeks (119 days) of a primary trypanosoma congolense (clone il 1180) infection. as the infection progressed, a clear tendency of the parasitaemia to decrease was seen in the n'damas, while it remained high throughout the infection in the borans. the decline in the colony-for ... | 1995 | 7729476 |
| trypanosoma congolense: developmental regulation of protein kinases and tyrosine phosphorylation during the life cycle. | in higher eukaryotes, key steps in the control of growth and proliferation are regulated by protein phosphorylation. however, little is known about the role of protein phosphorylation in the developmental cycles of pathogenic protozoa. in trypanosoma brucei, only the bloodform and procyclic form stages can be obtained in sufficient numbers for biochemical analyses. however, the entire life cycle of trypanosoma congolense can be generated in vitro, providing sufficient material for analyses of th ... | 1995 | 7729486 |
| characterization of concanavalin a-binding glycoproteins from procyclic culture forms of trypanosoma congolense, t. simiae and t. brucei brucei. | concanavalin a-binding glycoproteins were obtained from procyclic culture forms (pcfs) of trypanosoma congolense, t. simiae, and t. b. brucei strains. sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page) analysis revealed that glycoproteins of 38.5, 30.5, and 27 kda were conserved between the different species and strains of the procyclic parasites. there were few similarities in the profiles of the high-molecular-weight glycoconjugates between the parasites. monoclonal antibody ... | 1995 | 7539528 |
| catalytic and potentiometric characterization of e201d and e201q mutants of trypanosoma congolense trypanothione reductase. | trypanothione reductase is a member of the structurally and functionally well-characterized family of flavoprotein reductases, which catalyze the reduced pyridine nucleotide dependent reduction of their disulfide, peroxide, or metal ion substrates. trypanothione reductase is found in a wide variety of trypanosoma species, where the enzyme serves physiologically to protect the organism from oxidative stress and assists in maintaining low intracellular levels of hydrogen peroxide. the redox potent ... | 1995 | 7548022 |
| trypanosoma congolense: proliferative responses and interleukin production in lymph node cells of infected cattle. | t-cell-mediated immune responses to defined antigens of trypanosoma congolense were measured in cattle undergoing primary infection. the antigens used were the variable surface glycoprotein and two invariant antigens, a 33-kda cysteine protease (congopain) and a recombinant form of a 69-kda heat-shock protein. proliferative responses were highest during the second week postinfection and were detected in cells obtained from the lymph node draining the site of infection but not in peripheral blood ... | 1995 | 7556557 |
| molecular characterization of trypanosome species and subgroups within subgenus nannomonas. | restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) analysis of both genomic and kinetoplast dna from representative stocks from 3 trypanosoma congolense subgroups (savannah, forest, and kilifi), t. simiae and t. godfreyi, was used to investigate the relatedness of the different groups within subgenus nannomonas. dna probes for beta-tubulin and the ribosomal dna (rdna) locus were isolated from a t. congolense savannah genomic library; additional probes were generated by pcr amplification of mini-exo ... | 1995 | 7567098 |
| [absence of interaction between trypanosoma theileri infections with the diagnosis of animal trypanosomiasis by detection of circulating antigens]. | this work presents data gathered at the cirdes (centre international de recherche-développement sur l'elevage en zone subhumide) during epidemiological monitoring. the prevalence levels of trypanosoma vivax, trypanosoma congolense and trypansoma brucei obtained using antigen-detection elisa were compared in non-infected animals and in animals infected with trypanosoma theileri. the aim was to investigate whether there were any serological cross-reactions between t. theileri and the pathogenic tr ... | 1995 | 7569224 |
| disposition of diminazene aceturate (berenil) in trypanosome-infected pregnant and lactating cows. | three cows were repeatedly infected with different strains of trypanosoma congolense and treated intramuscularly each time with a different dose of diminazene aceturate (berenil). biphasic decline was observed of the maximal plasma drug levels, which were attained at 15 min after the first treatment and at 30 min after the second and third treatments. the rate constants for the distribution and terminal phases depended on the period of exposure to parasitaemia of the animal at the time of treatm ... | 1995 | 7571326 |
| the effect of l-thyroxine on the anaemia response in trypanosoma congolense infected rabbits. | the development of anaemia is a major pathological manifestation in chronic trypanosomosis. the anaemia in african trypanosomosis coincides with a marked decrease in plasma concentration of both thyroxine (t4) and 3,5,3' triiodothyronine (t3). to evaluate the effect of trypanosome-induced hypothyroidism on the development of anaemia, sexually mature white new zealand rabbits were used. three groups were set up, each of ten rabbits: one group was infected with trypanosoma congolense; the second g ... | 1995 | 7571327 |
| [antigenic variation and the problem of vaccines against african trypanosomes]. | african trypanosomes evade the immune response of their host through continuous changes of their major surface antigen, the vsg. this antigenic variation is achieved by either alternative activation of different expression sites for the vsg gene, or dna rearrangements occurring within a given site. several minor but invariant surface proteins have recently been characterized. this is especially the case for some surface receptors, which appear to be located in an invagination of the plasma membr ... | 1995 | 7581198 |
| are cd8 t cells involved in control of african trypanosomiasis in a natural host environment? | murine models have suggested that cd8 t cells might play a major parasite-promoting role in african trypanosomiasis. to assess the role of these cells in a natural host environment, we have depleted cd8 cells from boran cattle in vivo and subsequently infected these animals with trypanosoma congolense by tsetse fly challenge. following administration of a mouse monoclonal anti-bovine cd8 antibody, we have been able to achieve a depletion of more than 99.9% in peripheral blood, spleen, prescapula ... | 1995 | 7621872 |
| partial protection against natural trypanosomiasis after vaccination with a flagellar pocket antigen from trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense. | cattle that were inoculated with an antigen derived from the flagellar pocket of trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense and then infected with trypanosoma congolense and trypanosoma vivax were compared with unvaccinated cattle when both groups of cattle were placed in regions of kenya endemic for tsetse flies known to harbour t. congolense and t. vivax. in one trial, 90 cattle were employed, 40 untreated controls, 30 cattle given prior treatment with samorin, and 20 inoculated with a flagellar pocket (f ... | 1995 | 7625108 |
| frequency of diminazene-resistant trypanosomes in populations of trypanosoma congolense arising in infected animals following treatment with diminazene aceturate. | the frequency of trypanosomes resistant to diminazene aceturate at a dose of 25 mg/kg of body weight was investigated for populations of trypanosoma congolense il 3274 which reappeared in infected mice after intraperitoneal treatment with diminazene aceturate at the same dosage. at inoculum sizes of 10(2), 10(3), 10(4), 10(5), and 10(6) trypanosomes per mouse, the relapse populations were used to initiate infections in five groups of 100 mice each by the intravenous route. immediately after infe ... | 1995 | 7625797 |
| kinetoplastid membrane protein-11 (kmp-11) is differentially expressed during the life cycle of african trypanosomes and is found in a wide variety of kinetoplastid parasites. | an abundant 11-kda membrane protein was purified from african trypanosomes by organic solvent extraction and octyl-sepharose chromatography. this protein cross-reacts with monoclonal antibodies originally generated against the lipophosphoglycan-associated protein of leishmania donovani. immunoblot analysis showed that the 11-kda molecule was present in a variety of species of kinetoplastids. it was found in several species and subspecies of african trypanosomes and was present in low amounts in ... | 1995 | 7630374 |
| a novel in vitro screening assay for trypanocidal activity using the fluorescent dye bcecf-am. | a cell viability assay, using fluorescence measurements has been developed for the screening of new compounds against african trypanosomes. 2',7'-bis-(carboxyethyl)-5(6)-carboxyfluorescein-pentaacetoxymethyles ter (bcecf-am), an esterase substrate, was used in the assay as a marker for cell viability. fluorescence was quantified using an automated fluorescence scanner for multi-well plates. trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense, t. congolense, t. evansi and t. equiperdum from continuously growing cultu ... | 1995 | 7631128 |
| expression of garp, a major surface glycoprotein of trypanosoma congolense, on the surface of trypanosoma brucei: characterization and use as a selectable marker. | procyclic and epimastigote forms of trypanosoma congolense express an immunodominant glutamic acid/alanine-rich protein (garp) that covers the parasite surface. although garp shows no sequence similarity to procyclins from t. brucei, the general characteristics of the two sets of surface glycoproteins suggest that they have analogous functions, in much the same way that variant surface glycoproteins with unrelated primary sequences fulfil the same function in bloodstream form trypanosomes. since ... | 1995 | 7637714 |
| primary structure and partial characterization of a life-cycle-regulated cysteine protease from trypanosoma (nannomonas) congolense. | trypanosoma (nannomonas) congolense is an important pathogenic parasite of domestic livestock in africa. we have cloned a cdna encoding a prepro-cysteine protease of this protozoan, the sequence of which indicates it is an early mrna processing intermediate. northern analysis demonstrates a life-cycle-stage specificity similar to previously described enzymatic data. the deduced amino-acid sequence shows extensive similarity to cysteine proteases of other parasitic protozoa, as well as papain and ... | 1995 | 7642126 |
| the kinetics of maturation of trypanosome infections in tsetse. | estimates of the time delay between the infective bloodmeal and maturation (incubation or maturation time) for 4 trypanosome stocks (2 trypanozoon and 2 trypanosoma congolense) show that maturation time in tsetse is not a parasite species-specific constant. the mean incubation time of a trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense stock (eatro 2340 - 18 days) was not significantly different from one t. congolense stock (sikuda88 - 15.5 days) but was significantly greater than another (1/148 fly9 - 12.5 days). ... | 1995 | 7675533 |
| distribution of developmentally regulated trans-sialidases in the kinetoplastida and characterization of a shed trans-sialidase activity from procyclic trypanosoma congolense. | the expression of developmentally regulated sialidase and trans-sialidase activities in kinetoplastid protozoa was investigated. the occurrence of these enzymes was found not to be a common feature among the kinetoplastida, but to be restricted to distinct developmental life cycle stages of only a few species. while sialidases without trans-sialylating activities were demonstrated in trypanosoma vivax and t. rangeli, trans-sialidase activity is expressed throughout the brucei-group and in t. con ... | 1995 | 7676903 |
| comparison of isometamidium chloride and homidium bromide as prophylactic drugs for trypanosomiasis in cattle at nguruman, kenya. | the duration of prophylaxis provided by isometamidium chloride and homidium bromide, each at a dose rate of 1 mg kg-1 bodyweight, was compared in a 12-month field trial involving groups of 30 zebu cattle in south-west kenya. the trial took place between february 1990 and february 1991 and included several months of high trypanosome challenge. cattle in the prophylaxis groups were retreated on a group basis when 10% of the group had become infected since the previous group treatment. on this basi ... | 1995 | 7676909 |
| rise in erythropoietin concentrations in experimental trypanosoma congolense infection of calves. | a bioassay was used to measure erythropoietin (epo) concentrations in calves with haemorrhagic anaemia due to blood loss and in calves with anaemia due to trypanosoma congolense infection. the bioactivity of epo was measured in the assay by its stimulatory effect on 125i-deoxyuridine incorporation in spleen cells from phenylhydrazine-treated mice. erythropoietin concentrations in blood-volume-depleted calves were elevated 6 h after blood loss, maximal (1225 mu/ml) at 33 h and below detection lim ... | 1995 | 8746957 |
| resistance to diminazine aceturate by trypanosoma congolense from cattle in the zambezi valley of zimbabwe. | the susceptibility of 14 stocks of trypanosoma congolense, recently isolated from cattle, to therapeutic doses of diminazene aceturate and to isometamidium chloride was assessed in laboratory mice. eight isolates were readily susceptible to the normal therapeutic dose of diminazene, two were resistant to the drug at 14 mg kg-1, and four were totally resistant at 28 mg kg-1. all the isolates were susceptible to isometamidium chloride at 0.5 mg kg-1. these observations highlight the need for regul ... | 1995 | 8644445 |
| trypanosoma congolense infection in sheep: ultrastructural changes in the skin prior to development of local skin reactions. | events occurring in the skin of sheep prior to development of trypanosoma congolense-induced local skin reactions (chancres) were studied using electron microscopy. three days after infection, few trypanosomes were present in the dermal collagen. however, these parasites were more abundant 5 days after infection, and were also found in dermal lymphatics and in the connective tissue matrix between collagen bundles. mast cells in the skin obtained 5 days after infection showed evidence of degranul ... | 1995 | 8644458 |
| trypanosomosis in intensively reared muturu calves in nigeria. | 1995 | 8966766 | |
| mechanical transmission of trypanosoma spp. by african stomoxyinae (diptera: muscidae). | ten taxa of stomoxyinae were tested for their ability to transmit trypanosoma brucei, t. vivax, t. evansi and t. congolense to mice within 3 min of interrupted feeding on highly parasitaemic blood. t. brucei was the easiest parasite to transmit with an 11.5% success rate, followed by t. vivax at 3.4%, and t. evansi at 0.9%. t. congolense was not transmitted in 129 attempts. stomoxys niger sspp. and four unstudied species (s. varipes, s. taeniatus, s. pallidus, haematobosca squalida) were capable ... | 1995 | 8525279 |
| successful application of deltamethrin pour on to cattle in a campaign against tsetse flies (glossina spp.) in the pastoral zone of samorogouan, burkina faso. | 1,500-2,000 head of cattle were treated with deltamethrin 1% spot on in an area of high tsetse densities, notably of glossina morsitans submorsitans. after four treatments at monthly intervals, the time between two treatments was increased to two months. 11 months after the commencement of the campaign the fly population had decreased from initially 54.2 flies/trap/day to densities varying between 0.06-2.0 flies/trap/day, mostly g. palpalis gambiensis. blood-meal analysis showed that this specie ... | 1995 | 8533022 |
| the influence of energy intake on the pathophysiology of trypanosoma congolense infection in scottish blackface sheep. | the intensity of parasitaemia, degree of anaemia, live body weight gains and blood biochemical changes were measured in two groups of scottish blackface sheep infected experimentally with trypanosoma congolense and allowed either a high (9.9 mj metabolisable energy (me) day-1) or a low (6.1 mj me day-1) energy intake. it was observed that infected animals on the low energy intake had a longer mean prepatent period, but following patency they developed more severe anaemia and greater growth retar ... | 1995 | 8533279 |
| a comparison of glossina morsitans centralis originating from tanzania and zambia, with respect to vectorial competence for pathogenic trypanosoma species, genetic variation and inter-colony fertility. | two laboratory strains of glossina morsitans centralis originating from different fly-belts (one from singida, in tanzania, and the other from mumbwa, in zambia) were compared with respect to vectorial competence for pathogenic trypanosoma species, genetic variation and inter-colony fertility. the vectorial competence of g.m.centralis of tanzanian origin for trypanosma vivax and t. congolense is similar to, whereas for t.brucei brucei it is lower than the colony of zambian origin. nevertheless, ... | 1995 | 8541585 |
| genetics of resistance to trypanosoma congolense in inbred mice: efficiency of apparent clearance of parasites correlates with long-term survival. | to study the genetic parameters of resistance to trypanosoma congolense infection, highly susceptible balb/c and relatively resistant c57bl/6 mice were crossed to produce reciprocal f1 and f2 offspring. mice were infected with t. congolense and monitored for parasitemia within the first 2 wk and also for their survival periods. balb/c mice showed unrestrained parasite growth to the time of death (median survival period, msp = 12.0 days), whereas in c57bl/6 mice, parasitemia reached an initial pe ... | 1995 | 8544057 |
| [trypanosoma congolese in different species of horse flies (diptera: tabanidae) in burkina faso]. | four out of six azawak zebu bulls raised in northern burkina faso were found to be infected with trypanosomes, including trypanosoma congolense, six months after they had been transferred, uninfected, to the cirdes experimental farm at banankélédaga (southwest burkina faso). entomological surveys are carried out regularly in the area around this farm but, in one year, only 10 tsetse flies were captured, none of which showed infection in the midgut. however, a large number of tabanids were captur ... | 1995 | 8552844 |
| [improving the salivation technic in the tsetse fly for the detection of infective metatripanosomes: study of the effect of biologic and non-biologic factors in the probing behavior of the tsetse fly]. | the probing and salivation behaviour on a warm slide of three tsetse fly species or subspecies (glossina morsitans morsitans, glossina palpalis gambiensis, glossina tachinoides) was examined with respect to various parameters (species, sex, age, starvation period, trypanosome infection, quality of support). each fly was given the opportunity to probe the warm slide (38 degrees c) for 5 minutes (we mean by probing an attempt to touch the glass slide by the proboscis in a biting position). g.m mor ... | 1995 | 8552846 |
| [standardization and evaluation of a manual salivation method for the detection of trypanosoma infection in the tsetse fly (diptera: glossinidae)]. | two methods of salivation of tsetse flies, namely manual salivation and method of bruce et al. were simultaneously evaluated on 1,702 male uninfected glossina palpalis palpalis (zaire), g. palpalis gambiensis (bobo-dioulasso), g. p. gambiensis (maisons-alfort) et g. morsitans morsitans (mall) fasted for 23, 48 and 72 hours. the risk of salivation was 0.66 by the manual method and 0.01 by the method of bruce et al. the manual salivation method was standardised on 79 male g. m. morsitans (mall) in ... | 1995 | 8552848 |