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herbicidal activity of culture filtrates of trichoderma spp. against two problematic weeds of wheat.the herbicidal potential of culture filtrates of four trichoderma spp., namely trichoderma harzianum rifai, trichoderma pseudokoningii rifai, trichoderma reesei simmons and trichoderma viride pers., was evaluated against two problematic weeds of wheat, phalaris minor l. and rumex dentatus l. in laboratory bioassays, generally, metabolites of all four trichoderma species significantly reduced various root and shoot growth parameters of the two target weed species. the original concentrations of t ...201121462072
kinetic study of partially purified cellulase enzyme produced by trichoderma viride fcbp-142 and its hyperactive mutants.cellulases are the enzymes that cleave beta-1,4 linkages of cellulose, and carbohydrate that is main part of plants' cell walls. presently, cellulase isolation and partial purification was executed through ammonium sulfate precipitation. the isolated protein of parental and derived mutants conferred molecular weights of 30, 45 and 55 kda. the optimum temperature for maximal cellulase activity was 50 degrees c with ea for substrate hydrolysis of 77.73, 83.97 and 83.14 kj mol(-1) and temperature q ...201121861372
enzymatic polymerization catalyzed by immobilized endoglucanase on gold.enzymatic polymerization was carried out on gold by immobilized genetically engineered endoglucanase ii (egii) from trichoderma viride , and the polymerization behavior and the produced cellulose were analyzed in comparison with those by free enzymes. mutant egiis were egii(core2) and egii(core2h), which consist of two sequential catalytic core domains with one his-tag (his6) on n-terminal and with totally two his-tags on both terminals, respectively. his-tagged egiis were immobilized via ni che ...201121261301
a hevein-like protein and a class i chitinase with antifungal activity from leaves of the paper mulberry.paper mulberry (broussonetia papyrifera, syn. morus papyrifera l.) is a chinese traditional medicine and its low-molecular-weight extracts are reported to have antifungal activity. in this study, two proteins (pmapi and pmapii) with activity against trichoderma viride were obtained from paper mulberry leaves with a fast protein liquid chromatography (fplc) unit. the purification protocol employed (nh(4))(2)so(4) precipitation, ion-exchange chromatography and hydrophobic-interaction chromatograph ...201121268047
integration of soil application and seed treatment formulations of trichoderma species for management of wet root rot of mungbean caused by rhizoctonia solani.background: the efficacy of seed dressing and soil application formulations from the isolates of trichoderma viride (iari p1; mtcc 5369), t. virens (iari p3; mtcc 5370) and t. harzianum (iari p4; mtcc 5371) were evaluated individually and in combination in pot and field experiments during the rainy seasons of 2005, 2006 and 2007 for the management of wet root rot (rhizoctonia solani) and improvement in the yield of mungbean. results: a seed dressing formulation, pusa 5sd, and soil application fo ...201121480467
enzymatic digestion of partially and fully regenerated cellulose model films from trimethylsilyl cellulose.partially and fully regenerated cellulose model films from trimethylsilyl cellulose (tmsc) were prepared by a time dependent regeneration approach. these thin films were characterized with contact angle measurements and attenuated total reflectance infrared spectroscopy (atr-ir). in order to get further insights into the completeness of the regeneration we studied the interaction of cellulase enzymes from trichoderma viride with the cellulose films using a quartz crystal microbalance with dissip ...201223465919
effect of acid hydrolysis and fungal biotreatment on agro-industrial wastes for obtainment of free sugars for bioethanol production.this study was designed to evaluate selected chemical and microbiological treatments for the conversion of certain local agro-industrial wastes (rice straw, corn stalks, sawdust, sugar beet waste and sugarcane bagasse) to ethanol. the chemical composition of these feedstocks was determined. conversion of wastes to free sugars by acid hydrolysis varied from one treatment to another. in single-stage dilute acid hydrolysis, increasing acid concentration from 1 % (v/v) to 5 % (v/v) decreased the con ...201224031984
high indoor microbial levels are associated with reduced th1 cytokine secretion capacity in infancy.exposure to microbes and their components may affect the maturation of the immune system. we examined the association of house dust microbial content with cytokine-producing capacity at birth and at the age of 1 year.201222678428
differential release of high mannose structural isoforms by fungal and bacterial endo-β-n-acetylglucosaminidases.endo-β-n-acetylglucosaminidases (engases) are widely used to remove n-linked oligosaccharides from glycoproteins for glycomic and proteomic studies and biopharmaceutical processes. although several engases are widely available and their main oligosaccharide structural preferences are generally known (i.e. high mannose, hybrid or complex), the preferences of engases from different kingdoms for individual structural isoforms within the major classes of n-linked oligosaccharides have previously not ...201222373601
cloning, expression, and characterization of endoglucanase gene egiv from trichoderma viride as 3.3711.endoglucanase gene egiv was cloned from trichoderma viride as 3.3711, an important cellulose-producing fungus, by using an rt-pcr protocol. the egiv cdna is 1,297 bp in length and contains a 1,035 bp open reading frame encoding a 344 amino acid protein with an estimated molecular mass of 35.5 kda and isoelectronic point (pi) of 5.29. the expression of gene egiv in t. viride as 3.3711 could be induced by sucrose, corn straw, carboxymethylcellulose (cmc), or microcrystalline cellulose, but especia ...201222450796
quantitative proteomic analysis of the response of the wood-rot fungus, schizophyllum commune, to the biocontrol fungus, trichoderma viride.investigation of changes in the protein profile of the wood-rot fungus, schizophyllum commune, when paired against the biocontrol fungus, trichoderma viride, for 48 h.201222283507
enhanced cellulose degradation using cellulase-nanosphere complexes.enzyme catalyzed conversion of plant biomass to sugars is an inherently inefficient process, and one of the major factors limiting economical biofuel production. this is due to the physical barrier presented by polymers in plant cell walls, including semi-crystalline cellulose, to soluble enzyme accessibility. in contrast to the enzymes currently used in industry, bacterial cellulosomes organize cellulases and other proteins in a scaffold structure, and are highly efficient in degrading cellulos ...201222870287
intracellular localization and physiological function of a rice ca²⁺-permeable channel ostpc1.two-pore channels (tpcs) are cation channels with a voltage-sensor domain conserved in plants and animals. rice ostpc1 is predominantly localized to the plasma membrane (pm), and assumed to play an important role as a ca²⁺-permeable cation channel in the regulation of cytosolic ca²⁺ rise and innate immune responses including hypersensitive cell death and phytoalexin biosynthesis in cultured rice cells triggered by a fungal elicitor, xylanase from trichoderma viride. in contrast, arabidopsis attp ...201222990444
experimental investigations on the effects of carbon and nitrogen sources on concomitant amylase and polygalacturonase production by trichoderma viride bitrs-1001 in submerged fermentation.the paper investigates the effects of different commercial carbon and nitrogen sources on the concomitant synthesis of amylase and polygalacturonase enzymes with the aim of optimizing them for maximal enzyme production. the microorganism used in this work was the fungus trichoderma viride bitrs-1001, which had been previously identified as a highly active producer of amylase and polygalacturonase enzymes. the results showed that the different commercial carbon and nitrogen substrate significantl ...201222919504
diversity of cellulolytic microbes and the biodegradation of municipal solid waste by a potential strain.municipal solid waste contains high amounts of cellulose, which is an ideal organic waste for the growth of most of microorganism as well as composting by potential microbes. in the present study, congo red test was performed for screening of microorganism, and, after selecting a potential strains, it was further used for biodegradation of organic municipal solid waste. forty nine out of the 250 different microbes tested (165 belong to fungi and 85 to bacteria) produced cellulase enzyme and amon ...201222518141
fungal pretreatment of cornstalk with phanerochaete chrysosporium for enhancing enzymatic saccharification and hydrogen production.the feasibility of fungal pretreatment of cornstalk with phanerochaete chrysosporium for enzymatic saccharification and h(2) production was investigated in this study. firstly, cornstalk was pretreated with p. chrysosporium at 29 °c under static condition for 15 d, lignin reduction was up to 34.3% with holocellulose loss less than 10%. microscopic structure observation combined ftir analysis further demonstrated that the lignin and crystallinity were decreased. subsequently, the fungal-pretreate ...201222516249
evaluation of the potential of trichoderma viride in the control of fungal pathogens of roselle (hibiscus sabdariffa l.) in vitro.the potential of trichoderma viride as a bio-control agent was evaluated in vitro against roselle pathogens i.e. phoma exigua, fusarium nygamai and rhizoctonia solani[1] using the dual culture technique. volatile and non-volatile inhibitors of trichoderma were also evaluated for this purpose. t. viride[2] was shown to have a marked inhibitory effect on the tested pathogens in vitro. maximum inhibition occurred against p. exigua, with 71.76% reduction in mycelial radial growth. the three pathogen ...201222261114
cellular uptake of covalent conjugates of oligonucleotide with membrane-modifying peptide, peptaibol.using the membrane-modifying peptide, trichorovin-xiia (tv-xiia), which is an 11-residual peptaibol isolated from the fungus trichoderma viride, we synthesized covalent conjugates of 20-mer oligonucleotide with tv-xiia to examine the potential use of tv-xiia in cellular delivery. the results indicated that the conjugates were progressively taken up by human lung carcinoma a549 cells. next, the antisense effects of the conjugates on p53 protein expression were examined. the p53 expression was sig ...201222525495
purification and characterisation of a novel chitinase from persimmon (diospyros kaki) with antifungal activity.a novel chitinase from the persimmon fruit was isolated, purified and characterised in this report. the diospyros kaki chitinase (dkc) was found to be a monomer with a molecular mass of 29 kda. it exhibited optimal activity at ph 4.5 with broad ph stability from ph 4.0-9.0. it has an optimal temperature of 60°c and thermostable up to 60°c when incubated for 30 min. the internal peptide sequences of dkc showed similarity with other reported plant chitinases. it has the ability to hydrolyse colloi ...201223411236
an improved protocol and a new grinding device for extraction of genomic dna from microorganisms by a two-step extraction procedure.current protocols to extract genomic dna from microorganisms are still laborious, tedious and costly, especially for the species with thick cell walls. in order to improve the effectiveness of extracting dna from microbial samples, a novel protocol, defined as two-step extraction method, along with an improved tissue-grinding device, was developed. the protocol included two steps, disruption of microbial cells or spores by grinding the sample together with silica sand in a new device and extract ...201222653603
optimization of conditions for in vitro development of trichoderma viride-based biofilms as potential inoculants.biofilms represent mixed communities present in a diverse range of environments; however, their utility as inoculants is less investigated. our investigation was aimed towards in vitro development of biofilms using fungal mycelia (trichoderma viride) as matrices and nitrogen-fixing and p-solubilizing bacteria as partners, as a prelude to their use as biofertilizers (biofilmed biofertilizers, bbs) and biocontrol agents for different crops. the most suitable media in terms of population counts, fr ...201222566120
[characteristics of the eukaryotic community structure in acid mine drainage lake in anhui province, china].we characterized eukaryotic community structure and the relationship between the community structure and environmental factors in acidic mine drainage (amd) lake of a sulfide mine in anhui province, china.201223115972
improvement of biocontrol of damping-off and root rot/wilt of faba bean by salicylic acid and hydrogen peroxide.rhizoctonia solani, fusarium solani, f. oxysporum, and macrophomina phaseolina were found to be associated with root rott and wilt symptoms of faba bean plants collected from different fieldes in new valley governorate, egypt. all the obtained isolates were able to attack faba bean plants (cv. giza 40) causing damping-off and root rot/wilt diseases. r. solani isolates 2 and 5, f. solani isolate 8, f. oxysporum isolate 12 and m. phaseolina isolate 14 were the more virulent ones in the pathogenici ...201323610539
monitoring the effects of different conservation treatments on paper-infecting fungi.fungi are among the most degradative organisms inducing biodeterioration of paper-based items of cultural heritage. appropriate conservation measures and restoration treatments to deal with fungal infections include mechanical, chemical, and biological methods, which entail effects on the paper itself and health hazards for humans. three different conservation treatments, namely freeze-drying, gamma rays, and ethylene oxide fumigation, were compared and monitored to assess their short- (one mont ...201324092956
a fusarium graminearum xylanase expressed during wheat infection is a necrotizing factor but is not essential for virulence.fusarium graminearum is the fungal pathogen mainly responsible for fusarium head blight (fhb) of cereal crops, which attacks wheat spikes, reducing crop production and quality of grain by producing trichothecene mycotoxins. several cytohistological studies showed that spike infection is associated with the production of cell wall degrading enzymes. wheat tissue, as in other commelinoid monocot plants, is particularly rich in xylan which can be hydrolyzed by fungal endo-1,4-β-xylanase. the fg_036 ...201323337356
simplifying cellulase production by using environmental selection pressures and recycling substrate.the production of crude cellulase in solid-state fermentation was simplified by using environmental selection pressures as an alternative to specialized strains and by re-using cellulose-to-ethanol fermentation substrate for cellulase production. the performance of wild strains of trichoderma viride isolated from wheat and bark were found not to differ significantly from a 'cellulase-enhanced' strain of trichoderma reesei. the filter paper activity of a strain of aspergillus niger isolated in th ...201323530361
chaetochromones a and b, two new polyketides from the fungus chaetomium indicum (cbs.860.68).chaetochromones a (1) and b (2), two novel polyketides, were isolated from the crude extract of fungus chaetomium indicum (cbs.860.68) together with three known analogues pi-3(3), pi-4 (4) and sb236050 (5). the structures of these compounds were determined by hresi-ms and nmr experiments. chaetochromones a (1) and b (2) are a member of the polyketides family, which might originate from a similar biogenetic pathway as the known compounds pi-3 (3), pi-4 (4) and sb236050 (5). the biological activit ...201324013408
bioaugmented composting of jatropha de-oiled cake and vegetable waste under aerobic and partial anaerobic conditions.this study was conducted to assess the effect of microbial inoculation in jatropha cake composting with different vegetable waste. the microbial inoculums composed of fungal strains (aspergillus awamori, aspergillus nidulans, trichoderma viride, phanerochaete chrysosporium) and bacterial inoculums (pseudomonas striata as phosphorus solublizer and azotobacter chroococcum as nitrogen fixer) were added to the compost mixture after the thermophilic phase was over for bioaugmenting of jatropha cake u ...201322736484
biological activity, design, synthesis and structure activity relationship of some novel derivatives of curcumin containing sulfonamides.five series of curcumin derivatives with sulfonamides 3a-3e, 4a-4e, 5a-5e, 6a-6e and 7a-7e have been synthesized and evaluated for in vitro antibacterial activity against selected medically important gram-(+) and gram-(-) bacterial species viz. staphylococcus aureus, bacillus cereus, salmonella typhi, pseudomonas aeruginosa and escherichia coli, and antifungal activity against few pathogenic fungal species viz. aspergillus niger, aspergillus flavus, trichoderma viride and curvularia lunata. the ...201323685942
[preparation and performance investigation of trichoderma viride-modified corn stalk as sorbent materials for oil spills].this work aims at preparing oil spill sorbent (tcs, trichoderma viride-modified corn stalk) through solid-state fermentation of corn stalk by trichoderma viride. single-factor experiments, including the effect of modification time, solid-liquid ratio of modification and modification temperature, and adsorption experiments simulating oil spill condition, were carried out. the results indicated that the maximum oil adsorption of tcs, 13.84 g x g(-1), could be obtained under the conditions of 6 day ...201323798149
isolation of a salt tolerant laccase secreting strain of trichoderma sp. nfcci-2745 and optimization of culture conditions and assessing its effectiveness in treating saline phenolic effluents.most of the hazardous pollutants are phenolic in nature and persists in the environment. the ability of laccases to oxidize phenolic compounds and reduce molecular oxygen to water has led to intensive studies of these enzymes. therefore the fungal strains with high laccase activity and substrate affinity that can tolerate harsh environmental conditions have a potential for biotechnological applications. salt tolerant laccase secreting fungi can be utilized in treatment of saline and phenolic ric ...201324649671
codon optimisation improves the expression of trichoderma viride sp. endochitinase in pichia pastoris.the mature cdna of endochitinase from trichoderma viride sp. was optimised based on the codon bias of pichia pastoris gs115 and synthesised by successive pcr; the sequence was then transformed into p. pastoris gs115 via electroporation. the transformant with the fastest growth rate on ypd plates containing 4 mg/ml g418 was screened and identified. this transformant produced 23.09 u/ml of the recombinant endochitinase, a 35% increase compared to the original strain bearing the wild-type endochiti ...201324154717
simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of fungal pretreated cornstalk for hydrogen production using thermoanaerobacterium thermosaccharolyticum w16.in this research, environmentally friendly fungal pretreatment was first adopted for deconstruction of cornstalk. then the fungal-pretreated cornstalk was employed to produce hydrogen in simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (ssf) using crude enzyme from trichoderma viride and thermoanaerobacterium thermosaccharolyticum w16. the influence of various factors including substrate concentration, initial ph, and enzyme loading on hydrogen production were evaluated. the highest hydrogen yield ...201323489570
enhanced cellulase production by trichoderma viride in a rotating fibrous bed bioreactor.filamentous fungi are widely used to produce cellulase, but how the fermentation conditions affect their production is not well known. in this study, cellulase production by trichoderma viride in submerged fermentations with free cells in a stirred-tank reactor (str) and immobilized cells in a rotating fibrous-bed bioreactor (rfbb) were investigated. compared to free-cell fermentation, immobilized-cell fermentation gave 35.5% higher fpase activity and 69.7% higher saccharification yield of sugar ...201323428816
a two-step fermentation of distillers' grains using trichoderma viride and rhodopseudomonas palustris for fish feed.it is important to provide added value or to make full use of the co-product of grains from ethanol production. in order to convert distillers' grains into a high-quality feed, the trichoderma viride and rhodopseudomonas palustris fermentation were combined and investigated in this study. the t. viride fermentation was carried out in an aerobic fermentation installation in favoring of the growth of the fungi and the degradation of the cellulose, and then the fermentation of r. palustris was perf ...201323338003
screening of fungi isolated from environmental samples for xylanase and cellulase production.the aim of this work is to select filamentous fungal strains isolated from saw dust, soil, and decaying wood with the potential to produce xylanase and cellulase enzymes. a total of 110 fungi were isolated. fifty-seven (57) of these fungi were isolated from soil samples, 32 from sawdust, and 19 from decaying wood. trichoderma and aspergillus had the highest relative occurrence of 42.6% and 40.8%, respectively. trichoderma viride fd18 showed the highest specific activity of 1.30 u mg(-1) protein ...201324416614
[casuarina equisetifolia (casuarinaceae) growth in soil with diesel and application of biostimulation and bioaugmentation].phytoremediation is an ecologically sound biotechnology directed to cleaning up contaminated soils. the study of tree species to treat petroleum contaminated soils is scarce; moreover, the combination of phytoremediation with bioaugmentation and biostimulation processes is also limited. thus, this work evaluated the effects of the inoculation of glomus intraradices, a bacterial consortium (m2bos1-r2 and m2bosi-f4) and trichoderma viride, on the growth of casuarina equisetifolia, fertilized with ...201324027906
improvement of methane generation capacity by aerobic pre-treatment of organic waste with a cellulolytic trichoderma viride culture.trichoderma viride is known as a potent cellulose decomposer and was successfully used to improve and accelerate the decomposition process of aerobic composting. in contrast, the role of fungi as pre-treatment organisms for anaerobic digestion is not clear, since the fast aerobic decomposition is thought to be responsible for a rapid depletion of easily available nutrients, leading to a lack of these for the anaerobic community. in the present study carried out in lab-scale, the application of t ...201323988521
synthesis, characterization, and antimicrobial activity of poly(acrylonitrile-co-methyl methacrylate) with silver nanoparticles.nanotechnology is expected to open some new aspects to fight and prevent diseases using atomic-scale tailoring of materials. the main aim of this study is to biosynthesize silver nanoparticles (agnps) using trichoderma viride (hq438699); the metabolite of this fungus will help either in reduction of the silver nitrate-adding active materials which will be loaded on the surface of the produced agnps. poly(acrylonitrile-co-methyl methacrylate) copolymer (poly (an-co-mma)) was grafted with the prep ...201323873643
removal of copper from acid wastewater of bioleaching by adsorption onto ramie residue and uptake by trichoderma viride.a continuous batch bioleaching was built to realize the bioleaching of sewage sludge in large scale. in the treatment, heavy metal in acid wastewater of bioleaching was removed by adsorption onto ramie residue. then, acid wastewater was reused in next bioleaching batch. in this way, most time and water of bioleaching was saved and leaching efficiency of copper, lead and chromium kept at a high level in continuous batch bioleaching. it was found that residual heavy metal in sewage sludge is highl ...201323567687
immobilization of lysine oxidase on a gold-platinum nanoparticles modified au electrode for detection of lysine.a commercial lysine oxidase (lyox) from trichoderma viride was immobilized covalently onto gold nanoparticles (aunps) and platinum nanoparticles (ptnps) electrodeposited onto au electrode using 3-aminopropyltriethoxy silane (3-aptes) and glutaraldehyde cross linking chemistry. a lysine biosensor was fabricated using lyox/3-aptes/aunps-ptnps/au electrode as a working electrode, ag/agcl (3m kcl) as standard electrode and pt wire as auxiliary electrode connected through a potentiostat. the enzyme e ...201323540929
pretreatment of yellow pine in an acidic ionic liquid: extraction of hemicellulose and lignin to facilitate enzymatic digestion.the acidic ionic liquid 1-h-3-methylimidazolium chloride can effectively pretreat yellow pine wood chips under mild conditions for enzymatic saccharification. wood samples were treated at temperatures between 110 and 150°c for up to 5 h in the ionic liquid and three fractions collected; a cellulose rich fraction, lignin, and an aqueous fraction. this treatment caused the hemicellulose and the lignin to be degraded and dissolved from the cell walls of the pine wood. the lignin was depolymerized a ...201323500560
identification of bioconversion quantitative trait loci in the interspecific cross sorghum bicolor × sorghum propinquum.for lignocellulosic bioenergy to be economically viable, genetic improvements must be made in feedstock quality including both biomass total yield and conversion efficiency. toward this goal, multiple studies have considered candidate genes and discovered quantitative trait loci (qtl) associated with total biomass accumulation and/or grain production in bioenergy grass species including maize and sorghum. however, very little research has been focused on genes associated with increased biomass c ...201323836384
employing bifunctional enzymes for enhanced extraction of bioactives from plants: flavonoids as an example.a cost-effective and environmentally friendly approach was developed to improve the extraction of active ingredients from plants, in which a bifunctional enzyme was employed for not only facilitating cell wall degradation but also increasing the bioactivity of target compounds in the extract. in the aqueous extraction of flavonoids from glycyrrhizae radix, trichoderma viride cellulase, a commercial cell-wall-degrading enzyme, was found to efficiently deglycosylate liquiritin and isoliquiritin, w ...201323869387
production of humic acids from oil palm empty fruit bunch by submerged fermentation with trichoderma viride: cellulosic substrates and nitrogen sources.the novelty of this study was to produce humic acids by submerged fermentation of empty fruit bunch (efb) with trichoderma viride and to investigate the effects of the cellulosic substrates and the organic sources of nitrogen on the biotechnological production of these acids. the results obtained indicate the potential application of efb, a waste of oil palm processing, for humic acids production. because efb contains cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, fermentations were also performed using t ...201323564497
purification and characterization of a novel antifungal protein secreted by penicillium chrysogenum from an arctic sediment.a fungal strain, penicillium chrysogenum a096, was isolated from an arctic sediment sample. its culture supernatant inhibited mycelial growth of some plant pathogenic fungi. after saturation of p. chrysogenum a096 culture supernatant with ammonium sulfate and ion exchange chromatography, a novel antifungal protein (pc-arctin) was purified and identified by matrix assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight-time of flight-mass spectrometry (maldi-tof-tof-ms). the gene encoding for pc-arct ...201323474616
characterization of a newly identified rice chitinase-like protein (osclp) homologous to xylanase inhibitor.during rice blast fungal attack, plant xylanase inhibitor proteins (xips) that inhibit fungal xylanase activity are believed to act as a defensive barrier against fungal pathogens. to understand the role of xips in rice, a xylanase inhibitor was cloned from rice. the expression of this gene was examined at the transcriptional/translational levels during compatible and incompatible interactions, and the biochemical activity of this protein was also examined.201323331415
comparison of the effect of the chosen species of saprotrophic fungi on the development of toxocara canis and ascaris suum eggs.the study aim was to compare the antagonistic interaction between saprotrophic soil fungi and embryonic development of geohelminths toxocara canis and ascaris suum. the experimental cultures were fertilized eggs of t.canis and a. suum incubated together with mycelium of strains: fusarium culmorum, metarhizium anisopliae,paecilomyces fumosoroseus, trichoderma viride and trichothecium roseum. in the control cultures the eggs of both nematode species were incubated without fungi. the experiment was ...201425281819
characterization of actinomycetes and trichoderma spp. for cellulase production utilizing crude substrates by response surface methodology.laboratory bench scaling was done and an average of 1.85 fold increase by response surface methodology (rsm) optimization was obtained. it was found that the predicted value (4.96 iu/ml) obtained by rsm is in close accordance with observed activity 5.14 iu/ml. endoglucanases are mainly induced by cmc while wheat bran (natural substrate) exoglucanase is more active when induced by avicel and cellulose. addition of substrate beyond a level caused inhibition of cellulase production. the molecular w ...201425392792
direct fermentation of amorphous cellulose to ethanol by engineered saccharomyces cerevisiae coexpressing trichoderma viride eg3 and bgl1.direct ethanol fermentation from amorphous cellulose was achieved using an engineered industrial saccharomyces cerevisiae strain. two cellulase genes endoglucanase (eg3) and β-glucosidase (bgl1) were obtained from trichoderma viride and integrated into the genome of s. cerevisiae. these two cellulases could be constitutively coexpressed and secreted by the recombinant strain s. cerevisiae-eb. the enzyme activities were analyzed in the culture supernatants, with the highest endoglucanase activity ...201425420425
biocatalytic and antimicrobial activities of gold nanoparticles synthesized by trichoderma sp.the aim of this work was to synthesize gold nanoparticles by trichoderma viride and hypocrea lixii. the biosynthesis of the nanoparticles was very rapid and took 10 min at 30 °c when cell-free extract of the t. viride was used, which was similar by h. lixii but at 100 °c. biomolecules present in cell free extracts of both fungi were capable to synthesize and stabilize the formed particles. synthesis procedure was very quick and environment friendly which did not require subsequent processing. th ...201424914997
sterol-dependent induction of plant defense responses by a microbe-associated molecular pattern from trichoderma viride.plant-microbe interactions involve numerous regulatory systems essential for plant defense against pathogens. an ethylene-inducing xylanase (eix) of trichoderma viride is a potent elicitor of plant defense responses in specific cultivars of tobacco (nicotiana tabacum) and tomato (solanum lycopersicum). we demonstrate that tomato cyclopropyl isomerase (slcpi), an enzyme involved in sterol biosynthesis, interacts with the leeix2 receptor. moreover, we examined the role of slcpi in signaling during ...201424351686
influence of forced internal air circulation on airflow distribution and heat transfer in a gas double-dynamic solid-state fermentation bioreactor.internal air circulation affects the temperature field distribution in a gas double-dynamic solid-state fermentation bioreactor (gdsfb). to enhance heat transfer through strengthening internal air circulation in a gdsfb, we put an air distribution plate (adp) into the bioreactor and studied the effects of forced internal air circulation on airflow, heat transfer, and cellulase activity of trichoderma viride l3. results showed that adp could help form a steady and uniform airflow distribution, an ...201424347160
production of chitooligosaccharides from rhizopus oligosporus nrrl2710 cells by chitosanase digestion.the intact cells of rhizopus oligosporus nrrl2710, whose cell walls are abundant source of n-acetylglucosamine (glcnac) and glucosamine (glcn), were digested with three chitinolytic enzymes, a gh-46 chitosanase from streptomyces sp. n174 (csnn174), a chitinase from pyrococcus furiosus, and a chitinase from trichoderma viride, respectively. solubilization of the intact cells by csnn174 was found to be the most efficient from solid state cp/mas (13)c nmr spectroscopy. chitosanase products from rhi ...201424252625
mitigating nitrous oxide emissions from tea field soil using bioaugmentation with a trichoderma viride biofertilizer.land-use conversion from woodlands to tea fields in subtropical areas of central china leads to increased nitrous oxide (n2o) emissions, partly due to increased nitrogen fertilizer use. a field investigation of n2o using a static closed chamber-gas chromatography revealed that the average n2o fluxes in tea fields with 225 kg n ha(-1) yr(-1) fertilizer application were 9.4 ± 6.2 times higher than those of woodlands. accordingly, it is urgent to develop practices for mitigating n2o emissions from ...201424955418
yield loss assessment due to alternaria blight and its management in linseed.field experiments were conducted during 2010-11 and 2011-12 to assess the yield losses due to alternaria blight disease caused by alternaria lini and a. linicola in recently released cultivars and their management with the integration of trichoderma viride, fungicides and plant extract. disease severity on leaves varied from 41.07% (parvati) to 65.01% (chambal) while bud damage per cent ranged between 23.56% (shekhar) to 46.12% (t-397), respectively in different cultivars. maximum yield loss of ...201425911838
a halotolerant type a feruloyl esterase from pleurotus eryngii.an extracellular feruloyl esterase (pefaea) from the culture supernatant of pleurotus eryngii was purified to homogeneity using cation exchange, hydrophobic interaction, and size exclusion chromatography. the length of the complete coding sequence of pefaea was determined to 1668 bp corresponding to a protein of 555 amino acids. the catalytic triad of ser-glu-his demonstrated the uniqueness of the enzyme compared to previously published faes. the purified pefaea was a monomer with an estimated m ...201424607359
process optimization and production kinetics for cellulase production by trichoderma viride vkf3.microbial cellulases are the enzymes widely studied due to their enormous applications in biochemical industry. among 12 fungal isolates isolated from mangrove plant debris and soil sample collected from valanthakad mangroves, kerala, india, 3 of them were found to exhibit cellulolytic activity. among them, the most potent isolate which exhibited maximum cellulolytic activity was identified as trichoderma viride vkf3 [gene bank accession number- jx683684.1] based on colony morphology, microscopi ...201424600546
feed intake, nutrient digestibility and ruminal fermentation activities in sheep-fed peanut hulls treated with trichoderma viride or urea.this study aimed to assess impacts of fungal treatment on the nutritional value of peanut hulls (ph) or urea at the rate of 5 kg/100 g of ph. fermented sugar beet pulp inoculated with trichoderma viride was supplemented to ph at rates of 5.0, 10.0 and 15.0 g/100 g air dry of ph and mixed well before aerobic incubation for 21 days. organic matter (om) content of ph declined with increased levels of fermented sugar beet pulp inoculums, while crude protein (cp), ether extract (ee), and ash increase ...201424085418
potential of the salt-tolerant laccase-producing strain trichoderma viride pers. nfcci-2745 from an estuary in the bioremediation of phenol-polluted environments.industrialization causes the generation of phenolic pollutants in the environment. the ability of laccases to oxidize phenolic compounds and reduce molecular oxygen to water has led to intensive studies on these enzymes. although salt-tolerant fungi are potential sources of enzymes for industrial applications, they have been inadequately explored for laccase production. this study describes the isolation of a salt- and phenol-tolerant strain of trichoderma sp. with the ability to produce laccase ...201423712577
evaluation of thermophilic fungal consortium for organic municipal solid waste composting.influence of fungal consortium and different turning frequency on composting of organic fraction of municipal solid waste (ofmsw) was investigated to produce compost with higher agronomic value. four piles of ofmsw were prepared: three piles were inoculated with fungal consortium containing 5l each spore suspensions of trichoderma viride, aspergillus niger and aspergillus flavus and with a turning frequency of weekly (pile 1), twice a week (pile 2) and daily (pile 3), while pile 4 with weekly tu ...201424507579
biochemical characterization of fruit-specific pathogenesis-related antifungal protein from basrai banana.pathogenesis-related/thaumatin like (pr-5/tl) antifungal protein from basrai banana was purified by using a simple protocol consisting of ammonium sulphate precipitation, affinity chromatography (affi-gel blue gel), q-sepharose chromatography and gel filtration on sephadex g-75. the purified protein with acidic character (pi 6.67) has molecular weight of 21.155 kda, as determined by maldi-tof mass spectrometry. the purified protein shared n-terminal sequence homology with other tlps. crude banan ...201424192113
purification and identification of a novel antifungal protein secreted by penicillium citrinum from the southwest indian ocean.a novel antifungal protein produced by the fungal strain penicillium citrinum w1, which was isolated from a southwest indian ocean sediment sample, was purified and characterized. the culture supernatant of p. citrinum w1 inhibited the mycelial growth of some plant pathogenic fungi. after saturation of p. citrinum w1 culture supernatants with ammonium sulfate and ion-exchange chromatography, an antifungal protein (pcpaf) was purified. the n-terminal amino acid sequence analysis showed that pcpaf ...201424931500
antifungal activity and identification of lactobacilli, isolated from traditional dairy product "katak".filamentous moulds are the main spoilage microorganisms, responsible for significant economic losses and several healthy risks in human food chain. the lactic acid bacteria (lab), especially lactobacilli could be a natural antagonist of these dangerous organisms. in bulgaria, a very limited data exists on the antifungal activity of lab microbiota of fermented dairy products. in the present study, four active strains were isolated from traditional fermented curd/yogurt-like product "katak", produ ...201424887637
water recycle as a must: decolorization of textile wastewaters by plant-associated fungi.textile dye effluents are among the most problematic pollutants because of their toxicity on several organisms and ecosystems. low cost and ecocompatible bioremediation processes offer a promising alternative to the conventional and aspecific physico-chemical procedures adopted so far. here, microorganisms resident on three real textile dyeing effluent were isolated, characterized, and tested for their decolorizing performances. although able to survive on these real textile-dyeing wastewaters, ...201423553673
[ftir spectroscopic analysis of humic-like substances extracted from the microbial residues].drived by the soil microorganisms, the decomposition and transformation of cellulose plays an important role in the formation of humic substances. the techniques of infrared spectrum combining with element analysis were adopted to compare the structural differences of humic-like substances (hla, humic-like acid; hu, humin) extracted from the microbial residues formed in the liquid shake-flask culture (70 days), in which the single fungi (trichoderma viride, penicillium and aspergillus niger) and ...201526964217
study of a high-yield cellulase system created by heavy-ion irradiation-induced mutagenesis of aspergillus niger and mixed fermentation with trichoderma reesei.the aim of this study was to evaluate and validate the efficiency of 12c6+ irradiation of aspergillus niger (a. niger) or mutagenesis via mixed trichoderma viride (t. viride) culturing as well as a liquid cultivation method for cellulase production via mixed trichoderma reesei (t. reesei) and a. niger culture fermentation. the first mutagenesis approach was employed to optimize yield from a cellulase-producing strain via heavy-ion mutagenesis and high-throughput screening, and the second was to ...201526656155
trichoderma viride induces pathogenesis related defense response against rot pathogen infection in groundnut (arachis hypogaea l.).the study examine induction of defense enzymes involved in phenylpropanoid pathway and accumulation of pathogenesis related proteins in rot pathogen (aspergillus niger van tieghem) challenged groundnut seedlings in response to trichoderma viride jau60. seeds of five groundnut varieties differing in collar rot susceptibility were sown under non-infested, pathogen infested and pathogen+t. viride jau60 seed treatment. collar rot disease evident between 31.0% (j-11, gg-2) and 67.4% (gg-20) in differ ...201526160540
study of the rice straw biodegradation in mixed culture of trichoderma viride and aspergillus niger by gc-ms and ftir.this study was conducted to investigate the biodegradation ability of the mixed culture of trichoderma viride and aspergillus niger through the study of the organic matter extracted from rice straw and the lignocellulose structure by using gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (gc-ms) and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ftir). the results of the gc-ms showed that the mixed culture possessed shorter alkane (heptane) at the end of the incubation and more kinds of organic matter (except the ...201525639249
application of a new xylanase activity from bacillus amyloliquefaciens xr44a in brewer's spent grain saccharification.cellulases and xylanases are the key enzymes involved in the conversion of lignocelluloses into fermentable sugars. western ghat region (india) has been recognized as an active hot spot for the isolation of new microorganisms. the aim of this work was to isolate new microorganisms producing cellulases and xylanases to be applied in brewer's spent grain saccharification.201525866429
co-composting of organic fraction of municipal solid waste mixed with different bulking waste: characterization of physicochemical parameters and microbial enzymatic dynamic.the effect of various bulking waste such as wood shaving, agricultural and yard trimming waste combined with organic fraction of municipal solid waste (ofmsw) composting was investigated through assessing their influence on microbial enzymatic activities and quality of finished compost. all three piles of ofmsw with different bulking waste were inoculated with microbial consortium. the results revealed that ofmsw combined with wood shaving and microbial consortium (phanerochaete chrysosporium, t ...201525698412
antagonistic potential of native trichoderma viride strain against potent tea fungal pathogens in north east india.indigenous strains of trichoderma species isolated from rhizosphere soils of tea gardens of assam, north eastern state of india were assessed for in vitro antagonism against two important tea fungal pathogens namely pestalotia theae and fusarium solani. a potent antagonist against both tea pathogenic fungi, designated as sdrlin1, was selected and identified as trichoderma viride. the strain also showed substantial antifungal activity against five standard phytopathogenic fungi. culture filtrate ...201526361476
photodynamic activity of nanostructured fabrics grafted with xanthene and thiazine dyes against opportunistic fungi.fungi are an important class of human pathogens for which considerable research has gone into defeating them. the photodynamic effects of rose bengal (rb), phloxine b (pb), azure a (aa), and toluidine blue o (tbo) dyes to inhibit aspergillus fumigatus, aspergillus niger, trichoderma viride, penicillium funiculosum, and chaetomium globosum were investigated grafted to nano- and micro-structured fabrics. three antifungal tests conducted: broth microdilution test of free dyes, zone of inhibition an ...201525972050
identification and characterization of an antifungal protein, afafpr9, produced by marine-derived aspergillus fumigatus r9.a fungal strain, r9, was isolated from the south atlantic sediment sample and identified as aspergillus fumigatus. an antifungal protein, afafpr9, was purified from the culture supernatant of aspergillus fumigatus r9. afafpr9 was identified to be restrictocin, which is a member of the ribosome-inactivating proteins (rips), by maldi-tof-tof-ms. afafpr9 displayed antifungal activity against plant pathogenic fusarium oxysporum, alternaria longipes, colletotrichum gloeosporioides, paecilomyces vario ...201525394604
biomass production from trichoderma viride in nonconventional oat medium.oatmeal, an alternative, renewable, and low-cost substrate, was used for the production of trichoderma viride spores by submerged fermentation. the nonconventional oat medium was only supplemented with potato peptone, which is a green source of nitrogen for the microorganism. because particles are suspended in the nonconventional oat medium, the characterization was based on viscosity, average particle diameter, size distribution, and porosity of the particles. because of the complexity of the f ...201522736524
comparison of three ionic liquid-tolerant cellulases by molecular dynamics.we have employed molecular dynamics to investigate the differences in ionic liquid tolerance among three distinct family 5 cellulases from trichoderma viride, thermogata maritima, and pyrococcus horikoshii. simulations of the three cellulases were conducted at a range of temperatures in various binary mixtures of the ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methyl-imidazolium acetate with water. our analysis demonstrates that the effects of ionic liquids on the enzymes vary in each individual case from local stru ...201525692593
biological pre-treatment: enhancing biogas production using the highly cellulolytic fungus trichoderma viride.with regard to renewable sources of energy, bioconversion of lignocellulosic biomass has long been recognized as a desirable endeavor. however, the highly heterogeneous structure of lignocellulose restricts the exploitation of its promising potential in biogas plants. hence, effective pre-treatment methods are decisive prerequisites to overcome these challenges in order to improve the utilization ratio of (ligno) cellulosic substrates during fermentation. in the present study, the application of ...201526013693
production and anti-diabetic activity of soluble dietary fiber from apricot pulp by trichoderma viride fermentation.soluble dietary fiber (sdf) was prepared by trichoderma viride fermentation by using apricot pulp as the raw material. a four-factor and three-level response surface methodology was applied to optimize the fermentation conditions affecting the extraction rate of sdf. the optimum fermentation conditions were listed: crude enzyme volume, 9.59 ml g(-1); fermentation temperature, 43 °c; initial ph, 5.36; fermentation time, 6.47 h. under these conditions, 15.69% yield was obtained and its relative er ...201525882161
bioconversion potential of trichoderma viride hn1 cellulase for a lignocellulosic biomass saccharum spontaneum.the industrialisation of lignocellulose conversion is impeded by expensive cellulase enzymes required for saccharification in bioethanol production. current research undertakes cellulase production from pretreated saccharum spontaneum through trichoderma viride hn1 under submerged fermentation conditions. pretreatment of substrate with 2% naoh resulted in 88% delignification. maximum cellulase production (2603 ± 16.39 u/ml/min carboxymethyl cellulase and 1393 ± 25.55 u/ml/min fpase) was achieved ...201525346145
experimental analysis and mathematical prediction of cd(ii) removal by biosorption using support vector machines and genetic algorithms.we investigated the bioremoval of cd(ii) in batch mode, using dead and living biomass of trichoderma viride. kinetic studies revealed three distinct stages of the biosorption process. the pseudo-second order model and the langmuir model described well the kinetics and equilibrium of the biosorption process, with a determination coefficient, r(2)>0.99. the value of the mean free energy of adsorption, e, is less than 16 kj/mol at 25 °c, suggesting that, at low temperature, the dominant process inv ...201525224921
chemical composition and protein enrichment of orange peels and sugar beet pulp after fermentation by two trichoderma species.the present experiment aimed at increasing orange peel and sugar beet pulp protein content through solid-state fermentation by trichoderma reesei and trichoderma viride. in vitro digestibility and changes in the chemical composition of the fermented products were determined after seven days of fungal cultivation using gas production tests. the cultivation of t. reesei and t. viride on orange peels decreased neutral detergent soluble content (p<0.01) and increased cellulose, hemicellulose and lig ...201527175146
recombinant expression, molecular characterization and crystal structure of antitumor enzyme, l-lysine α-oxidase from trichoderma viride.l-lysine α-oxidase (lysox) from trichoderma viride is a homodimeric 112 kda flavoenzyme that catalyzes the oxidative deamination of l-lysine to form α-keto-ε-aminocaproate. lysox severely inhibited growth of cancer cells but showed relatively low cytotoxicity for normal cells. we have determined the cdna nucleotide sequence encoding lysox from t. viride. the full-length cdna consists of 2,119 bp and encodes a possible signal peptide (met1-arg77) and the mature protein (ala78-ile617). the lysox g ...201525648943
biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by trichoderma species: a mini review.fungi belonging to trichoderma genus are ascomycetes found in soils worldwide. trichoderma has been studied in relation to diverse biotechnological applications and are known as successful colonizers of their common habitats. members of this genus have been well described as effective biocontrol organisms through the production of secondary metabolites with potential applications as new antibiotics. even though members of trichoderma are commonly used for the commercial production of lytic enzym ...201526498812
enzymatic saccharification of lignocellulosic residues by cellulases obtained from solid state fermentation using trichoderma viride.the aim of this study was to verify the viability of lignocellulosic substrates to obtain renewable energy source, through characterization of the cellulolytic complex, which was obtained by solid state fermentation using trichoderma viride. enzymatic activity of the cellulosic complex was measured during saccharification of substrates filter paper, eucalyptus sawdust, and corncob, and compared with the activity of commercial cellulase. the characterization of the enzymes was performed by a 2(2) ...201526137476
canola meal as a novel substrate for β-glucosidase production by trichoderma viride: application of the crude extract to biomass saccharification.β-glucosidases are important enzymes with significant prospects in the industrial biotechnology, including their use in biomass hydrolysis for bioethanol production. in this study, the use of canola meal as carbon source for β-glucosidase production by a trichoderma viride strain in submerged fermentation was evaluated by applying central composite design and response surface methodology to optimize the production process. this statistical approach was also used to improve the passion fruit peel ...201526093658
response surface optimization of the thermal acid pretreatment of sugar beet pulp for bioethanol production using trichoderma viride and saccharomyces cerevisiae.worldwide nowadays, relying on the second generation bioethanol from the lignocellulosic feedstock is a mandatory aim. however, one of the major drawbacks for high ethanol yield is the physical and chemical pretreatment of this kind of feedstock. as the pretreatment is a crucial process operation that modifies the lignocellulosic structure and enhances its accessibility for the high cost hydrolytic enzymes in an attempt to maximize the yield of the fermentable sugars. the objective of this work ...201526563813
response surface optimization of the thermal acid pretreatment of sugar beet pulp for bioethanol production using trichoderma viride and saccharomyces cerevisiae.worldwide nowadays, relying on the second generation bioethanol from the lignocellulosic feedstock is a mandatory aim. however, one of the major drawbacks for high ethanol yield is the physical and chemical pretreatment of this kind of feedstock. as the pretreatment is a crucial process operation that modifies the lignocellulosic structure and enhances its accessibility for the high cost hydrolytic enzymes in an attempt to maximize the yield of the fermentable sugars. the objective of this work ...201526373542
antioxidant capacity of arabinoxylan oligosaccharide fractions prepared from wheat aleurone using trichoderma viride or neocallimastix patriciarum xylanase.the effect of xylanase type (trichoderma viride or neocallimastix patriciarum) and graded ethanol fractionation on the antioxidant capacity (aoc) of arabinoxylan oligosaccharides (axos) obtained from wheat aleurone was investigated. axos yields were higher using n. patriciarum (62%) than t. viride (44%). the fraction (f100) collected at >80% ethanol concentration constituted 60% of total recovered axos. degree of substitution ranged from 0.20 to 0.60 for ethanol graded fractions. ferulic acid (f ...201525148993
[the mycobiota in studying the resistance of gypsum plasterboard to microscopic fungi].the resistance of two types of gypsum plasterboard: ordinary and water-resistant to microscopic fungi was studied. it was found that under conditions of high relative humidity and direct influence of water at constant temperature (29 ± 2) degrees c all samples of plasterboard were not resistant to fungi. furthermore, the contaminating mycobiota of uninfected fragments of plasterboard was revealed under these conditions. it was discovered that the test cultures aspergillus terreus and trichoderma ...201526638485
physico-chemical pretreatment and fungal biotreatment for park wastes and cattle dung for biogas production.with the rising demand for renewable energy and environmental protection, anaerobic digestion of biogas technology has attracted considerable attention within the scientific community. the effect of physico-chemical pretreatment on cellulose degradation followed by fungal treatment by aspergillus terreus and trichoderma viride to treat cellulosic biomass for enhancing its digestibility was investigated. the tested substrate was digested with and without physical, chemical, and biological treatme ...201526618101
detection and identification of the invasive sirex noctilio (hymenoptera: siricidae) fungal symbiont, amylostereum areolatum (russulales: amylostereacea), in china and the stimulating effect of insect venom on laccase production by a. areolatum yql03.the eurasian woodwasp sirex noctilio f. was first detected in daqing, heilongjiang province, in the northeast region of china in 2013. here, we investigated the s. noctilio's fungal symbiont, amylostereum areolatum, and insect venom produced in its acid (venom) gland. overall, seven out of 10 fungal isolates obtained from the mycangia of 10 adult s. noctilio females in this study were identified as a. areolatum. the remaining three isolates were identified as trichoderma viride, verticillium dah ...201526470239
trichoderma species occurring on wood with decay symptoms in mountain forests in central europe: genetic and enzymatic characterization.the aim of this study was to explore the species diversity of trichoderma obtained from samples of wood collected in the forests of the gorce mountains (location a), karkonosze mountains (location b) and tatra mountains (location c) in central europe and to examine the cellulolytic and xylanolytic activity of these species as an expression of their probable role in wood decay processes. the present study has led to the identification of the following species and species complex: trichoderma atro ...201626586561
[biodegradation of cellulose-containing substrates by micromycetes followed by bioconversion into biogas].the ability of micromycetes trichoderma viride and aspergillus terreus to decompose the cellulose-containing substrates was studied. office paper and cardboard, as well as a paper mixture, were found to be the most hydrolyzable. the cellulolytic activity of t. viride was 2-3 times higher than that of a. terreus; the highest values of 0.80 and 0.73 u/mlwere obtained from office paper and the paper mixture, respectively. the micromycete cultivation conditions (composition of culture medium, sucros ...201627266249
fusant trichoderma hf9 with enhanced extracellular chitinase and protein content.strain improvement was carried out to obtain higher chitinase and protein by inter-specific protoplast fusion between trichoderma harzianum and trichoderma viride. fusant hf9 and parental strains of trichoderma were compared for chitinase and protein production. 1% of glucose, sucrose and fungal cell wall (rhizoctonia solani), were used as carbon source for cultivation of trichoderma and fungal cell wall was the best to induce chitinase and protein. usage of 0.5% colloidal chitin for the fungal ...201623035579
effects of trichoderma viride chitinases on the peritrophic matrix of lepidoptera.the peritrophic matrix (pm) is formed by a network of chitin fibrils associated with proteins, glycoproteins and proteoglycans that lines the insect midgut. it is a physical barrier involved in digestion processes, and protects the midgut epithelium from food abrasion, pathogen infections and toxic materials. given its fundamental role in insect physiology, the pm represents an excellent target for pest control strategies. although a number of viral, bacterial and insect chitinolytic enzymes aff ...201626179981
β-glucosidase from the hyperthermophilic archaeon thermococcus sp. is a salt-tolerant enzyme that is stabilized by its reaction product glucose.β-glucosidase (bg) is widely applied in the biofuel's industry, as part of a cellulase cocktail to catalyze the hydrolysis of the β-1,4 linkages that join two glucose molecules in a cellulose polymer. the hydrolysis step is generally recognized as the major limiting step in the development of efficient enzyme-based technologies for the conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to sugars and the production of biofuels due to the accumulation of the reaction product, glucose. relieving this glucose in ...201627198723
structural and functional characterization of recombinant napin-like protein of momordica charantia expressed in methylotrophic yeast pichia pastoris.napin and napin-like proteins belong to the 2s albumin seed storage family of proteins and have been shown to display a variety of biological activities. however, due to a high degree of polymorphism, purification of a single napin or napin-like protein exhibiting biological activity is extremely difficult. in the present study, we have produced the napin-like protein of momordica charantia using the methylotrophic pichia pastoris expression system. the recombinant napin-like protein (rmcnapin) ...201627020281
elicitation of jerusalem artichoke (helianthus tuberosus l.) cell suspension culture for enhancement of inulin production and altered degree of polymerization.plant cell suspension cultures have emerged as apotential source of secondary metabolites for food additives and pharmaceuticals. in this study inulin accumulation and degree of polymerization (dp) of the treated cells in the same medium were investigated after treatment with six types of elicitors.201626917428
strain improvement of trichoderma viride for increased cellulase production by irradiation of electron and (12)c(6+)-ion beams.to improve cellulase production and activity, trichoderma viride gsicc 62010 was subjected to mutation involving irradiation with an electron beam and subsequently with a (12)c(6+)-ion beam.201626932902
optimized biotransformation of icariin into icariside ii by β-glucosidase from trichoderma viride using central composite design method.a crude β-glucosidase has been produced from trichoderma viride and used to explore a simple method to prepare icariside ii from icariin. the crude enzyme has been studied by zymography method and used for hydrolysis of ica. to achieve a high conversion rate of ica, various factors have been studied including ph, reaction time, temperature, initial concentration of enzyme, and initial concentration of ica through central composite design experiments. in the condition of the optimum hydrolysis pa ...201626981534
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