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x-ray structure and molecular dynamics simulations of endoglucanase 3 from trichoderma harzianum: structural organization and substrate recognition by endoglucanases that lack cellulose binding module.plant biomass holds a promise for the production of second-generation ethanol via enzymatic hydrolysis, but its utilization as a biofuel resource is currently limited to a large extent by the cost and low efficiency of the cellulolytic enzymes. considerable efforts have been dedicated to elucidate the mechanisms of the enzymatic process. it is well known that most cellulases possess a catalytic core domain and a carbohydrate binding module (cbm), without which the enzymatic activity can be drast ...201323516599
hypocrea lixii, novel endophytic fungi producing anticancer agent cajanol, isolated from pigeon pea (cajanus cajan [l.] millsp.).the aim was to isolate, identify and characterize endophytes from pigeon pea (cajanus cajan [l.] millsp.), as novel producer of cajanol and its in vitro cytotoxicity assay.201323495919
understanding the cellulolytic system of trichoderma harzianum p49p11 and enhancing saccharification of pretreated sugarcane bagasse by supplementation with pectinase and α-l-arabinofuranosidase.supplementation of cellulase cocktails with accessory enzymes can contribute to a higher hydrolytic capacity in releasing fermentable sugars from plant biomass. this study investigated which enzymes were complementary to the enzyme set of trichoderma harzianum in the degradation of sugarcane bagasse. specific activities of t. harzianum extract on different substrates were compared with the extracts of penicillium echinulatum and trichoderma reesei, and two commercial cellulase preparations. comp ...201323391738
genetic diversity and species pattern of trichoderma and hypocrea in manipur using in silico analysis.we investigated the occurrence and genetic diversity of trichoderma and hypocrea in manipur which lies in the indo-burma biodiversity hot spot region. 65 trichoderma isolates were identified at species level by morphological as well as sequence based analysis of the internal transcribed spacer region 1 and 4. altogether 22 different species of trichoderma and hypocrea were found, of which trichoderma harzianum represent the dominant species. phylogenetic analysis reveals a clear cut distinction ...201323390355
experimental mixture design as a tool to enhance glycosyl hydrolases production by a new trichoderma harzianum p49p11 strain cultivated under controlled bioreactor submerged fermentation.this work investigates the glycosyl hydrolase (gh) profile of a new trichoderma harzianum strain cultivated under controlled bioreactor submerged fermentation. the influence of different medium components (delignified steam-exploded sugarcane bagasse, sucrose, and soybean flour) on gh biosynthesis was assessed using experimental mixture design (emd). additionally, the effect of increased component concentrations in culture media selected from the emd was studied. it was found that that a mixed c ...201323265822
deciphering the hormonal signalling network behind the systemic resistance induced by trichoderma harzianum in tomato.root colonization by selected trichoderma isolates can activate in the plant a systemic defense response that is effective against a broad-spectrum of plant pathogens. diverse plant hormones play pivotal roles in the regulation of the defense signaling network that leads to the induction of systemic resistance triggered by beneficial organisms [induced systemic resistance (isr)]. among them, jasmonic acid (ja) and ethylene (et) signaling pathways are generally essential for isr. however, trichod ...201323805146
analysis of phaseolus vulgaris response to its association with trichoderma harzianum (all-42) in the presence or absence of the phytopathogenic fungi rhizoctonia solani and fusarium solani.the present study was carried out to evaluate the ability of trichoderma harzianum (all 42-isolated from brazilian cerrado soil) to promote common bean growth and to modulate its metabolism and defense response in the presence or absence of the phytopathogenic fungi rhizoctonia solani and fusarium solani using a proteomic approach. t. harzianum was able to promote common bean plants growth as shown by the increase in root/foliar areas and by size in comparison to plants grown in its absence. the ...201424878929
novel mutations in β-tubulin gene in trichoderma harzianum mutants resistant to methyl benzimidazol-2-yl carbamate.twelve-low resistant (lr) mutants of trichoderma harzianum with the capability of grow fast at 0.8 μg/ml methyl benzimidazol-2-yl carbamate (mbc) were obtained using uv mutagenesis. mr and hr mutants which could grow fast at 10 and 100 μg/ml mbc, respectively, were isolated by step-up selection protocols in which uv-treated mutants were induced and mycelial sector screening was made in plates with growth medium. subsequently, β-tubulin genes of 14 mutants were cloned to describe-the molecular le ...201425508652
novel mutations in β-tubulin gene in trichoderma harzianum mutants resistant to methyl benzimidazol-2-yl carbamate.twelve-low resistant (lr) mutants of trichoderma harzianum with the capability of grow fast at 0.8 μg/ml methyl benzimidazol-2-yl carbamate (mbc) were obtained using uv mutagenesis. mr and hr mutants which could grow fast at 10 and 100 μg/ml mbc, respectively, were isolated by step-up selection protocols in which uv-treated mutants were induced and mycelial sector screening was made in plates with growth medium. subsequently, β-tubulin genes of 14 mutants were cloned to describe-the molecular le ...201425474873
effects of fungicides and biofungicides on population density and community structure of soil oribatid mites.to compare the side-effects of chemical versus biofungicides on non-target organisms in agricultural soil, a study of population structure, spatial distribution and fecundity of oribatid mites, a diverse and species-rich group of microarthropods indicative of decomposer activity in soil was done. plots laid out in agricultural fields of a research station in egypt, were cultivated with cucumber and treated with two chemical fungicides: ridomil plus 50% wp (active ingredients=metalaxyl and copper ...201423933448
truncation of a mannanase from trichoderma harzianum improves its enzymatic properties and expression efficiency in trichoderma reesei.to obtain high expression efficiency of a mannanase gene, thman5a, cloned from trichoderma harzianum mgq2, both the full-length gene and a truncated gene (thman5aδcbm) that contains only the catalytic domain, were expressed in trichoderma reesei qm9414 using the strong constitutive promoter of the gene encoding pyruvate decarboxylase (pdc), and purified to homogeneity, respectively. we found that truncation of the gene improved its expression efficiency as well as the enzymatic properties of the ...201424162722
trichoderma harzianum elicits induced resistance in sunflower challenged by rhizoctonia solani.to investigate the efficacy of trichoderma harzianum nbri-1055 (denoted as 't-1055') in suppression of seedling blight of sunflower caused by rhizoctonia solani kühn and their impact on host defence responses.201424279777
how fungi interact with nematode to activate the plant defence response to tomato plants.management of plant parasitic nematodes with nematode predators, parasites or antagonists is an eco-friendly approach that may avoid the problems arisen by the use of toxic chemicals. fungi belonging to trichoderma spp. are well known in literature for their role in control of plant parasitic nematodes. root-knot nematodes (rkns), meloidogyne spp., are obligate parasites that cause the formation of familiar galls on the roots of many cultivated plants. the interaction between the m. incognita mo ...201426080471
molecular characterization of a xylanase-producing fungus isolated from fouled soil.xylanase (ec 3. 2. 1. 8), hydrolyzes xylo-oligosaccharides into d-xylose and required for complete hydrolysis of native cellulose and biomass conversion. it has broad range of applications in the pulp and paper, pharmaceutical and agri-food industries. fifty fungal species were isolated from the fouled soil around an oil refinery and screened for the production of xylanase enzyme by enrichment culture techniques. the isolated fungal strain was identified as hypocrea lixii ss1 based on the result ...201425763033
effect of mycosynthesized silver nanoparticles from filtrate of trichoderma harzianum against larvae and pupa of dengue vector aedes aegypti l.mosquitoes transmit dreadful diseases, causing millions of deaths every year. therefore, screening for larvicidal and pupicidal activity of microbial extracts attributes could lead to development of new and improved mosquito control methods that are economical and safe for nontarget organisms and are ecofriendly. synthetic chemical insecticides occupy predominant position in control strategies. these hazardous chemicals exert unwarranted toxicity and lethal effects on nontarget organisms, develo ...201424352539
saccharification of rice straw by cellulase from a local trichoderma harzianum snrs3 for biobutanol production.rice straw has shown to be a promising agricultural by-product in the bioconversion of biomass to value-added products. hydrolysis of cellulose, a main constituent of lignocellulosic biomass, is a requirement for fermentable sugar production and its subsequent bioconversion to biofuels such as biobutanol. the high cost of commercial enzymes is a major impediment to the industrial application of cellulases. therefore, the use of local microbial enzymes has been suggested. trichoderma harzianum st ...201425496491
the potentiality of trichoderma harzianum in alleviation the adverse effects of salinity in faba bean plants.the interaction between sodium chloride and trichoderma harzianum (t24) on growth parameters, ion contents, mda content, proline, soluble proteins as well as sds page protein profile were studied in vicia faba giza 429. a sharp reduction was found in fresh and dry mass of shoots and roots with increasing salinity. trichoderma treatments promoted the growth criteria as compared with corresponding salinized plants. the water content and leaf area exhibited a marked decrease with increasing salinit ...201425475984
[antitumor enzyme l-lyzine-alpha-oxidase from trichoderma harzianum rifai f-180 and investigation of its action on l-lysine oxidation by capillar electrophoresis].trichoderma harzianum rifai f-180, an organism producing the antitumor enzyme l-lysine-alpha-oxidase was cultivated and the enzyme was isolated and purified under the manufacturing conditions. the effect of l-lysine-alpha-oxidase on oxidation of l-lysine was investigated for the first time by capillary electrophoresis and the procedure conditions were developed. the reaction of l-lysine oxidative deamination is described and location of the reaction components picks on the elecrophoregrams was i ...201425300116
cytotoxicity of trichoderma spp. cultural filtrate against human cervical and breast cancer cell lines.trichoderma spp. are known as a rich source of secondary metabolites with biological activity belonging to a variety of classes of chemical compounds. these fungi also are well known for their ability to produce a wide range of antibiotic substances and to parasitize other fungi. in search for new substances, which might act as anticancer agents, the overall objective of this study was to investigate the cytotoxic effects of trichoderma harzianum and trichoderma asperellum cultural filtrates aga ...201425227819
effect of mixture of trichoderma isolates on biochemical parameters in leaf of macrophomina phaseolina infected brinjal.a mixture of trichoderma harzianum nbri-1055 (fx) and t. harzianum bhu-99 (th) was evaluated for their efficiency to induce systemic resistance during three way interaction among brinjal-trichoderma-macrophomina phaseolina. total phenol content (tpc), defence related enzymes phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (pal), peroxidase (po), polyphenol oxidase (ppo) and pr proteins (pr-2 and pr-3) were recorded. total phenolic content was recorded 12.82 times and 1.8 times higher in trichoderma mixture treated- ...201425204061
quantification and role of organic acids in cucumber root exudates in trichoderma harzianum t-e5 colonization.the ability to colonize on plant roots is recognized as one of the most important characteristics of the beneficial fungi trichoderma spp. the aim of this study is to prove that the utilization of organic acids is a major trait of trichoderma harzianum t-e5 for colonization of cucumber roots. a series experiments in split-root hydroponic system and in vitro were designed to demonstrate the association between the utilization of organic acids and t-e5 colonization on cucumber roots. in the split- ...201425194775
[effect of glomus versiforme and trichoderma harzianum on growth and quality of salvia miltiorrhiza].the present study aimed to investigate the effect of glomus versiforme and trichodema harzianum on the growth and quality of salvia miltiorrhiza continuous cropping under field conditions. the field plot experiment was conducted, these active components in the plant were analyzed by hplc, the root diseases incidence rate of s. miltiorrhiza determined by observation and counting, and relative parameters were measured. the data was statistically processed. the result showed that inoculation of g. ...201425095363
degradation of polyethylene by trichoderma harzianum--sem, ftir, and nmr analyses.trichoderma harzianum was isolated from local dumpsites of shivamogga district for use in the biodegradation of polyethylene. soil sample of that dumpsite was used for isolation of t. harzianum. degradation was carried out using autoclaved, uv-treated, and surface-sterilized polyethylene. degradation was monitored by observing weight loss and changes in physical structure by scanning electron microscopy, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. t. har ...201425052326
[inhibition effects and mechanisms of the entophytic fungus trichoderma harzianum lh-7 from aloe barbadensis].inhibition spectrum and antagonistic mechanism of an endophytic fungus trichoderma harzianum lh-7, isolated from wild medicinal plant aloe barbadensis, were investigated by in vitro culture methods against 9 kinds of plant pathogens. the results showed that nutrient competition and hyper-parasitism were the two primarily antagonist approaches that strain lh-7 adopted to inhibit the tested plant pathogens with a significant inhibition rate of 62.4%-88.4%. moreover, the active compound from metabo ...201425011309
mycoparasitism studies of trichoderma harzianum against sclerotinia sclerotiorum: evaluation of antagonism and expression of cell wall-degrading enzymes genes.trichoderma spp. are known for their biocontrol activity against several plant pathogens. a specific isolate of trichoderma harzianum, 303/02, has the potential to inhibit the growth of sclerotinia sclerotiorum, an important agent involved in several crop diseases. in this study, the interaction between t. harzianum 303/02 and mycelia, sclerotia and apothecia of s. sclerotiorum was studied by scanning electron microscopy. rt-qpcr was used to examine the expression of 11 genes potentially involve ...201424966041
biological role of trichoderma harzianum-derived platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase (paf-ah) on stress response and antagonism.we investigated the properties of platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase (paf-ah) derived from trichoderma harzianum. the enzyme, comprised of 572 amino acids, shares high homology with paf-ah proteins from t. koningii and other microbial species. the optimum enzymatic activity of paf-ah occurred at ph 6 in the absence of ca2+ and it localized in the cytoplasm, and we observed the upregulation of paf-ah expression in response to carbon starvation and strong heat shock. furthermore, paf-ah kn ...201424964161
family 1 carbohydrate binding-modules enhance saccharification rates.cellulose degrading enzymes usually have a two-domain structure consisting of a catalytic domain and a non-catalytic carbohydrate-binding module. although it is well known the importance of those modules in cell wall degrading process, their function is not yet fully understood. here, we analyze the cellulose-hydrolysis activity enhancement promoted by the cellobiohydrolase i carbohydrate-binding module from trichoderma harzianum. it was cloned, expressed, purified and used in combination with e ...201424949270
immobilization of trichoderma harzianum α-amylase on treated wool: optimization and characterization.α-amylase from trichoderma harzianum was covalently immobilized on activated wool by cyanuric chloride. immobilized α-amylase exhibited 75% of its initial activity after 10 runs. the soluble and immobilized α-amylases exhibited maximum activity at ph values 6.0 and 6.5, respectively. the immobilized enzyme was more thermally stable than the soluble one. various substrates were hydrolyzed by immobilized α-amylase with high efficiencies compared to those of soluble α-amylase. the inhibition of the ...201424932573
overexpression of erg1 gene in trichoderma harzianum cect 2413: effect on the induction of tomato defence-related genes.to investigate the effect of the overexpression of erg1 gene of trichoderma harzianum cect 2413 (t34) on the trichoderma-plant interactions and in the biocontrol ability of this fungus.201424925373
biocatalytic and antimicrobial activities of gold nanoparticles synthesized by trichoderma sp.the aim of this work was to synthesize gold nanoparticles by trichoderma viride and hypocrea lixii. the biosynthesis of the nanoparticles was very rapid and took 10 min at 30 °c when cell-free extract of the t. viride was used, which was similar by h. lixii but at 100 °c. biomolecules present in cell free extracts of both fungi were capable to synthesize and stabilize the formed particles. synthesis procedure was very quick and environment friendly which did not require subsequent processing. th ...201424914997
enhanced root and shoot growth of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) by trichoderma harzianum from turkey.it is well known that trichoderma species can be used as biocontrol and plant growth promote agent. in this study, trichoderma harzianum isolates were evaluated for their growth promotion effects on wheat in greenhouse experiments. two isolates of t. harzianum were used. the experimental design was a randomized complete block with three replications. seeds were inoculated with conidial suspensions of each isolate. wheat plants grown in steriled soil in pots. t. harzianum t8 and t15 isolates incr ...201424783790
salicylic acid prevents trichoderma harzianum from entering the vascular system of roots.trichoderma is a soil-borne fungal genus that includes species with a significant impact on agriculture and industrial processes. some trichoderma strains exert beneficial effects in plants through root colonization, although little is known about how this interaction takes place. to better understand this process, the root colonization of wild-type arabidopsis and the salicylic acid (sa)-impaired mutant sid2 by a green fluorescent protein (gfp)-marked trichoderma harzianum strain was followed u ...201424684632
identification of mycoparasitism-related genes against the phytopathogen sclerotinia sclerotiorum through transcriptome and expression profile analysis in trichoderma harzianum.the species of t. harzianum are well known for their biocontrol activity against plant pathogens. however, few studies have been conducted to further our understanding of its role as a biological control agent against s. sclerotiorum, a pathogen involved in several crop diseases around the world. in this study, we have used rna-seq and quantitative real-time pcr (rt-qpcr) techniques in order to explore changes in t. harzianum gene expression during growth on cell wall of s. sclerotiorum (sscw) o ...201424635846
secretomic survey of trichoderma harzianum grown on plant biomass substrates.the present work aims at characterizing t. harzianum secretome when the fungus is grown in synthetic medium supplemented with one of the four substrates: glucose, cellulose, xylan, and sugarcane bagasse (sb). the characterization was done by enzymatic assays and proteomic analysis using 2-de/maldi-tof and gel-free shotgun lc-ms/ms. the results showed that sb induced the highest cellulolytic and xylanolytic activities when compared with the other substrates, while remarkable differences in terms ...201424593137
production of crude cellulase and xylanase from trichoderma harzianum ppddn10 nfcci-2925 and its application in photocopier waste paper recycling.this paper implies production of cellulase and xylanase enzyme using a potent strain of trichoderma harzianum for the efficient deinking of photocopier waste papers. different nutritional and environmental factors were optimized for higher production of cellulase along with xylanase. after fermentation, maximum enzyme extraction was achieved from fermented matter using a three-step extraction process with increased efficiency by 26.6-29.3 % over single-step extraction. static solid state was fou ...201424574249
transcriptome profile of trichoderma harzianum ioc-3844 induced by sugarcane bagasse.profiling the transcriptome that underlies biomass degradation by the fungus trichoderma harzianum allows the identification of gene sequences with potential application in enzymatic hydrolysis processing. in the present study, the transcriptome of t. harzianum ioc-3844 was analyzed using rna-seq technology. the sequencing generated 14.7 gbp for downstream analyses. de novo assembly resulted in 32,396 contigs, which were submitted for identification and classified according to their identities. ...201424558413
fusarium oxysporum induces the production of proteins and volatile organic compounds by trichoderma harzianum t-e5.trichoderma species have been used widely as biocontrol agents for the suppression of soil-borne pathogens. however, some antagonistic mechanisms of trichoderma are not well characterized. in this study, a series of laboratory experiments were designed to characterize the importance of mycoparasitism, exoenzymes, and volatile organic compounds (vocs) by trichoderma harzianum t-e5 for the control of fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum (foc). we further tested whether these mechanisms were induc ...201425135494
phytohormone profiles induced by trichoderma isolates correspond with their biocontrol and plant growth-promoting activity on melon plants.the application of trichoderma strains with biocontrol and plant growth-promoting capacities to plant substrates can help reduce the input of chemical pesticides and fertilizers in agriculture. some trichoderma isolates can directly affect plant pathogens, but they also are known to influence the phytohormonal network of their host plant, thus leading to an improvement of plant growth and stress tolerance. in this study, we tested whether alterations in the phytohormone signature induced by diff ...201425023078
strategies utilized by trophically diverse fungal species for pinus sylvestris root colonization.physiological changes in host plants in response to the broad spectrum of fungal modes of infection are still not well understood. the current study was conducted to better understand the infection of in vitro cultures of pinus sylvestris l. seedlings by three trophically diverse fungal species, fusarium oxysporum e. f. sm. & swingle, trichoderma harzianum rifai and hebeloma crustuliniforme (bull.) quél. biochemical methods and microscopy were utilized to determine (i) which factors (apoplastic ...201424391166
characterization of a novel resistance-related deoxycytidine deaminase from brassica oleracea var. capitata.brassica oleracea deoxycytidine deaminase (bodcd), a deoxycytidine deaminase (dcd, ec 3.5.4.14) enzyme, is known to play an important role in the trichoderma harzianum ets 323 mediated resistance mechanism in young leaves of b. oleracea var. capitata during rhizoctonia solani infection. bodcd potentially neutralizes cytotoxic products of host lipoxygenase activity, and thereby bodcd restricts the hypersensitivity-related programmed cell death induced in plants during the initial stages of infect ...201424475736
[antimycoplasmic activity of fermentation broth of trichoderma harzianum rifai f-180, an organism producing l-lysine-α-oxidase, an antitumor and antiviral enzyme].a concentrate of the fermentation broth of trichoderma harzianum rifai f-180, an organism producing l-lysine-α-oxidase, an antitumor and antiviral enzyme, with the activity in the fermentation broth of 0.54-0.56 u/mi was recovered. the effect of the concentrate on the mycoplasmas growth was investigated for the first time. two representatives of mycoplasmafaceae, i.e. mycoplasma hominis and mycoplasma fermentans and one representative of aholeplasmataceae. i. e. aholeplasma laidlawii were used. ...201426448986
rhizosphere competent microbial consortium mediates rapid changes in phenolic profiles in chickpea during sclerotium rolfsii infection.the present study was carried out with the aim of evaluating the effectiveness and potentiality of three compatible rhizosphere microbes, viz., fluorescent pseudomonas aeruginosa (phu094), trichoderma harzianum (thu0816) and mesorhizobium sp. (rl091), in promoting plant growth and mobilizing phenolic acid biosynthesis in chickpea under challenge of sclerotium rolfsii. the microbes were applied as seed coating in different combinations in two experimental sets and the pathogen was inoculated afte ...201424168925
bioremoval of the synthetic dye malachite green by marine trichoderma sp.in the present study, a marine strain of trichoderma sp was used for degradation of a synthetic dye, malachite green. individual and interaction effects of the physical and chemical factors that influenced the percentage of dye degradation were tested by response surface methodology. for optimization, enzyme production and dye degradation were assessed under different temperatures (5-40°c), ph values (3-11), yeast extract (5-9 g l(-1)) and incubation period (0-15 days). the optimum conditions fo ...201425392801
cloning and characterization of a protein elicitor sm1 gene from trichoderma harzianum.a small protein, cysteine-rich, designated sm1, produced by trichoderma virens and trichoderma atroviride, acts as elicitor for triggering plant defense reactions. we analyzed sm1 gene expression of eight different strains of trichoderma spp. grown on glucose, seeds or roots of beans. regardless of the carbon source, t37 strain had significantly higher sm1 expression and was chosen for further studies. when grown on different carbon sources, sm1 expression was highest on galactose, bean seed, gl ...201424322765
phylogeny of the clinically relevant species of the emerging fungus trichoderma and their antifungal susceptibilities.a set of 73 isolates of the emerging fungus trichoderma isolated from human and animal clinical specimens were characterized morphologically and molecularly using a multilocus sequence analysis that included the internal transcribed spacer (its) regions of the nuclear ribosomal dna and fragments of the translation elongation factor 1 alpha (tef1), endochitinase chi18-5 (chi18-5), and actin 1 (act1) genes. the most frequent species was trichoderma longibrachiatum (26%), followed by trichoderma ci ...201424719448
fungal biodegradation of dibutyl phthalate and toxicity of its breakdown products on the basis of fungal and bacterial growth.phthalates are esters of phthalic acid that give flexibility to polyvinyl chloride. diverse studies have reported that these compounds might be carcinogenic, mutagenic and/or teratogenic. radial growth rate, biomass, hyphal thickness of neurospora sitophyla, trichoderma harzianum and aspergillus niger, grown in two different concentrations of dibutyl phthalate (dbp) (500 and 1,000 mg/l) in agar and in submerged fermentation were studied. the inhibitory concentration (ic50) and the constant of bi ...201425063688
a combined chemical and enzymatic method to determine quantitatively the polysaccharide components in the cell wall of yeasts.a reliable method to determine cell wall polysaccharides composition in yeast is presented, which combines acid and enzymatic hydrolysis. sulphuric acid treatment is used to determine mannans, whereas specific hydrolytic enzymes are employed in a two sequential steps to quantify chitin and the proportion of β-(1,3) and β-(1,6)-glucan in the total β-glucan of the cell wall. in the first step, chitin and β-(1,3)-glucan were hydrolysed into their corresponding monomers n-acetylglucosamine and gluco ...201425041403
detoxification of toxic phorbol esters from malaysian jatropha curcas linn. kernel by trichoderma spp. and endophytic fungi.the presence of phorbol esters (pes) with toxic properties limits the use of jatropha curcas kernel in the animal feed industry. therefore, suitable methods to detoxify pes have to be developed to render the material safe as a feed ingredient. in the present study, the biological treatment of the extracted pes-rich fraction with non-pathogenic fungi (trichoderma harzianum jq350879.1, t. harzianum jq517493.1, paecilomyces sinensis jq350881.1, cladosporium cladosporioides jq517491.1, fusarium chla ...201424504029
genetic transformation of knufia petricola a95 - a model organism for biofilm-material interactions.we established a protoplast-based system to transfer dna to knufia petricola strain a95, a melanised rock-inhabiting microcolonial fungus that is also a component of a model sub-aerial biofilm (sab) system. to test whether the desiccation resistant, highly melanised cell walls would hinder protoplast formation, we treated a melanin-minus mutant of a95 as well as the type-strain with a variety of cell-degrading enzymes. of the different enzymes tested, lysing enzymes from trichoderma harzianum we ...201425401079
identification and characterization of ethanol utilizing fungal flora of oil refinery contaminated soil.the indigenous fungal flora of three oil refinery contaminated sites (bharuch, valsad and vadodara) of india has been documented in the present investigation. a total seventy-five fungal morphotypes were isolated from these sites and out of them, only fifteen isolates were capable of utilizing ethanol (0-8%; v:v) as a sole source of carbon and energy for growth. ten percent ethanol was completely lethal for the growth of all the isolated fungus. biochemical characterization of the potent ethanol ...201424068535
construction and functional analysis of trichoderma harzianum mutants that modulate maize resistance to the pathogen curvularia lunata.agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation (atmt) was used to generate an insertional mutant library of the mycelial fungus trichoderma harzianum. from a total of 450 mutants, six mutants that showed significant influence on maize resistance to c. lunata were analyzed in detail. maize coated with these mutants was more susceptible to c. lunata compared with those coated with a wild-type (wt) strain. similar to other fungal atmt libraries, all six mutants were single copy integrations, whi ...201424901960
functional analysis of a subtilisin-like serine protease gene from biocontrol fungus trichoderma harzianum.the subtilisin-like serine protease gene thss45 has been cloned from trichoderma harzianum accc30371. its coding region is 1302 bp in length, encoding 433 amino acids, with a predicted protein molecular weight of 44.9 kda and pi of 5.91. thss45 was shown by rt-qpcr analysis to be differentially transcribed in response to eight different treatments. the transcription of thss45 was up-regulated when grown in mineral medium, under carbon starvation, and nitrogen starvation, and in the presence of 1 ...201424500477
antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant activities of honey collected from timergara (dir, pakistan).in this study honeys of acacia modesta, prunus persica, zizyphus sativa and isodon rogosus plants were tested against two gram-positive bacterial strains (staphylococcus aureus and bacillus cereus), two gram-negative bacterial strains (klebsilla pneumonia and escherichia coli) and two fungal strains (alternaria alternata and trichoderma harzianum) through agar well diffusion method. the tested honeys showed high antimicrobial activities to the tested bacterial and fungal strains. all the tested ...201424374434
insights into the structure and function of fungal β-mannosidases from glycoside hydrolase family 2 based on multiple crystal structures of the trichoderma harzianum enzyme.hemicellulose is an important part of the plant cell wall biomass, and is relevant to cellulosic ethanol technologies. β-mannosidases are enzymes capable of cleaving nonreducing residues of β-d-mannose from β-d-mannosides and hemicellulose mannose-containing polysaccharides, such as mannans and galactomannans. β-mannosidases are distributed between glycoside hydrolase (gh) families 1, 2, and 5, and only a handful of the enzymes have been structurally characterized to date. the only published x-r ...201424975648
effects of endophyte colonization of vicia faba (fabaceae) plants on the life-history of leafminer parasitoids phaedrotoma scabriventris (hymenoptera: braconidae) and diglyphus isaea (hymenoptera: eulophidae).effects of the fungal endophytes beauveria bassiana (isolates icipe 279, g1lu3, s4su1) and hypocrea lixii (isolate f3st1) on the life-history of phaedrotoma scabriventris and diglyphus isaea, parasitoids of the pea leafminer liriomyza huidobrensis, were studied in the laboratory. parasitoids were allowed to parasitize 2(nd) and 3(rd) instar l. huidobrensis larvae reared on endophytically-inoculated faba bean, vicia faba. in the control, parasitoids were reared on non-inoculated host plants. para ...201425338084
control of root rot and wilt diseases of roselle under field conditions.roselle (hibiscus sabdariffa l.) is one of the most important medicinal crops in many parts of the world. in this study, the effects of microelements, antioxidants, and bioagents on fusarium oxysporum, f. solani, and macrophomina phaseolina, the causal pathogens of root rot and wilt diseases in roselle, were examined under field conditions. preliminary studies were carried out in vitro in order to select the most effective members to be used in field control trials. our results showed that micro ...201425606010
improved sanguinarine production via biotic and abiotic elicitations and precursor feeding in cell suspensions of latex-less variety of papaver somniferum with their gene expression studies and upscaling in bioreactor.elicitors play an important role in challenging the plant defense system through plant-environment interaction and thus altering the secondary metabolite production. culture filtrates of four endophytic fungi, namely, chaetomium globosum, aspergillus niveoglaucus, paecilomyces lilacinus, and trichoderma harzianum were tested on embryogenic cell suspensions of latex-less papaver somniferum in dose-dependent kinetics. besides this, abiotic elicitors salicylic acid, hydrogen peroxide, and carbon di ...201424677097
systemic resistance to gray mold induced in tomato by benzothiadiazole and trichoderma harzianum t39.gray mold (botrytis cinerea) is an important disease of tomato (solanum lycopersicum). this study examined defense-related gene expression involved in the resistance to b. cinerea that is induced in tomato plants by benzothiadiazole and trichoderma harzianum t39 soil drench. in whole plants, transcriptional changes related to salicylic acid and ethylene were induced by the application of a 0.01% benzothiadiazole solution, whereas changes related to jasmonic acid were induced by the application o ...201424047252
colonization of onions by endophytic fungi and their impacts on the biology of thrips tabaci.endophytic fungi, which live within host plant tissues without causing any visible symptom of infection, are important mutualists that mediate plant-herbivore interactions. thrips tabaci (lindeman) is one of the key pests of onion, allium cepa l., an economically important agricultural crop cultivated worldwide. however, information on endophyte colonization of onions, and their impacts on the biology of thrips feeding on them, is lacking. we tested the colonization of onion plants by selected f ...201425254657
microfungi in highly copper-contaminated soils from an abandoned fe-cu sulphide mine: growth responses, tolerance and bioaccumulation.copper is one of the most dangerous soil contaminants. soils affected by high copper concentrations show low biodiversity and, above all, inadequate environmental quality. microorganisms such as fungi can play a key role in metal-polluted ecosystems via colonization and decontamination. the study is devoted to characterize the microfungal community in highly cu-contaminated bare soil from derelict fe-cu sulphide mines and to isolate microfungal strains able to tolerate and accumulate cu. 11 diff ...201425240213
expression of the β-1,3-glucanase gene bgn13.1 from trichoderma harzianum in strawberry increases tolerance to crown rot diseases but interferes with plant growth.the expression of antifungal genes from trichoderma harzianum, mainly chitinases, has been used to confer plant resistance to fungal diseases. however, the biotechnological potential of glucanase genes from trichoderma has been scarcely assessed. in this research, transgenic strawberry plants expressing the β-1,3-glucanase gene bgn13.1 from t. harzianum, under the control of the camv35s promoter, have been generated. after acclimatization, five out of 12 independent lines analysed showed a stunt ...201526178245
trichoharzianol, a new antifungal from trichoderma harzianum f031.a new decalin derivative, trichoharzianol (1), together with three known compounds, eujavanicol a (2), 5-hydroxy-3-hydroxymethyl-2-methyl-7-methoxychromone (3), and 4,6-dihydroxy-5-methylphthalide (4), were isolated from trichoderma harzianum f031. for the first time, compounds 2-4 were reported from the trichoderma species. their structures were characterized by spectroscopic methods. trichoharzianol (1) showed the highest antifungal activity against colletotrichum gloeosporioides, with a minim ...201525817439
production of trichodiene by trichoderma harzianum alters the perception of this biocontrol strain by plants and antagonized fungi.trichothecenes are phytotoxic sesquiterpenic mycotoxins that can act as virulence factors in plant diseases. harzianum a (ha) is a non-phytotoxic trichothecene produced by trichoderma arundinaceum. the first step in ha biosynthesis is the conversion of farnesyl diphosphate to trichodiene (td), a volatile organic compound (voc), catalysed by a sesquiterpene synthase encoded by the tri5 gene. expression of tri5 in the biocontrol strain trichoderma harzianum cect 2413 resulted in production of td i ...201524813508
synthesis, spectral investigation (¹h, ¹³c) and anti-microbial screening of benzophenone imines.new series of benzophenone imines with general formula ph2-c=nr; r = benzyl, 4-fluorobenzyl, naphthyl, phenyl, 4-nitrophenyl were synthesized by condensation of dichlorodiphenylmethane and different aromatic primary amines (1:1) those imines were characterized by different physiochemical and spectroscopic techniques like melting point, elemental analysis, ft-ir, multinuclear nmr (¹h, ¹³c). after characterization, imines were subjected to anti-microbial activities. all compounds showed promising ...201526639485
the platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase gene derived from trichoderma harzianum induces maize resistance to curvularia lunata through the jasmonic acid signaling pathway.platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase (paf-ah) derived from trichoderma harzianum was upregulated by the interaction of t. harzianum with maize roots or the foliar pathogen curvularia lunata. paf-ah was associated with chitinase and cellulase expressions, but especially with chitinase, because its activity in the ko40 transformant (paf-ah disruption transformant) was lower, compared with the wild-type strain t28. the result demonstrated that the colonization of maize roots by t. harzianum i ...201526273755
biocontrol agents-mediated suppression of oxalic acid induced cell death during sclerotinia sclerotiorum-pea interaction.oxalic acid (oa) is an important pathogenic factor during early sclerotinia sclerotiorum-host interaction and might work by reducing hydrogen peroxide production (h2 o2 ). in the present investigation, oxalic acid-induced cell death in pea was studied. pea plants treated with biocontrol agents (bcas) viz., pseudomonas aeruginosa pjhu15, bacillus subtilis bhhu100, and trichoderma harzianum tnhu27 either singly and/or in consortium acted on s. sclerotiorum indirectly by enabling plants to inhibit ...201524920251
selectivity of organic products to trichogramma pretiosum riley (hymenoptera: trichogrammatidae).the selectivity of various entomopathogens and one insecticide (chlorpyrifos = positive control) to trichogramma pretiosum riley (hymenoptera: trichogrammatidae) was evaluated in the laboratory, using the protocol established by the working group on "pesticides and beneficial organisms" of the iobc. the evaluated parameters were parasitism (%), adult emergence (%), and product repellency to the parasitoid when sprayed on host eggs prior to parasitism (free-choice and no-choice tests). most of th ...201526267248
comparative proteomic analysis in pea treated with microbial consortia of beneficial microbes reveals changes in the protein network to enhance resistance against sclerotinia sclerotiorum.microbial consortia may provide protection against pathogenic ingress via enhancing plant defense responses. pseudomonas aeruginosa pjhu15, trichoderma harzianum tnhu27 and bacillus subtilis bhhu100 were used either singly or in consortia in the pea rhizosphere to observe proteome level changes upon sclerotinia sclerotiorum challenge. thirty proteins were found to increase or decrease differentially in 2-de gels of pea leaves, out of which 25 were identified by maldi-tof ms or ms/ms. these prote ...201526067380
biological management of sclerotinia sclerotiorum in pea using plant growth promoting microbial consortium.the beneficial plant-microbe interactions play crucial roles in protection against large number of plant pathogens causing disease. the present study aims to investigate the growth promoting traits induced by beneficial microbes namely pseudomonas aeruginosa pjhu15, trichoderma harzianum tnhu27, and bacillus subtilis bhhu100 treated singly and in combinations under greenhouse and field conditions to control sclerotinia sclerotiorum. plants treated with three microbe consortium enhanced plant gro ...201525727183
fungal endophytic communities on twigs of fast and slow growing scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) in northern spain.most plant species harbour a diverse community of endophytic, but their role is still unknown in most cases, including ecologically and economically important tree species. this study describes the culturable fungal endophytic community of pinus sylvestris l. twigs in northern spain and its relationship with diametric growth of the host. in all, 360 twig samples were collected from 30 scots pines in fifteen stands. isolates were obtained from all twig samples and 43 fungal taxa were identified b ...201526399183
exploitation of microbes for enhancing bacoside content and reduction of meloidogyne incognita infestation in bacopa monnieri l.despite the vast exploration of rhizospheric microbial wealth for crop yield enhancement, knowledge about the efficacy of microbial agents as biocontrol weapons against root-knot disease is scarce, especially in medicinal plants, viz., bacopa monnieri. in the present investigation, rhizospheric microbes, viz., bacillus megaterium, glomus intraradices, trichoderma harzianum thu, and their combinations were evaluated for the management of meloidogyne incognita (kofoid and white) chitwood and bacos ...201524841892
biological control of diseases of vegetables grown hydroponically in thailand: challenge and opportunity.in thailand, yield loss due to plant diseases in vegetables grown hydroponically is very high as a result of the growers` lack of knowledge for controlling diseases and their un- willingness to invest in setting-up the proper hydroponic system from the beginning. severe root rot disease caused by pythium spp. is frequent and can be anticipated in the hot climate in thailand.201527076090
thc6 protein, isolated from trichoderma harzianum, can induce maize defense response against curvularia lunata.mutant t66 was isolated from 450 mutants (constructed with agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation method) of trichoderma harzianum. maize seeds coated with t66 were more susceptible to curvularia lunata when compared with those coated with wild-type (wt) strain. the disease index of maize treated with t66 and wt were 62.5 and 42.1%, respectively. further research showed t-dna has inserted into the orf of one gene, which resulted in the functional difference between wt and t66. the gen ...201524771614
effect of agricultural amendments on cajanus cajan (pigeon pea) and its rhizospheric microbial communities--a comparison between chemical fertilizers and bioinoculants.inoculation of leguminous seeds with bioinoculants has been practiced in agriculture for decades to ameliorate grain yield by enhanced growth parameters and soil fertility. however, effective enhancement of plant growth parameters results not only from the direct effects these bioinoculants impose on them but also from their non-target effects. the ability of bioinoculants to reduce the application of chemicals for obtaining optimum yield of legume appears to be of great ecological and economic ...201526231030
production and multiplication of native compost fungal activator by using different substrates and its influence on growth and development of capsicum chinensis jacq. "bhut jolokia".in vitro experiment was carried out to see the effect of saw dusts of pinus kesiya, shorea robusta, and callicarpa arborea on trichoderma harzianum, isolate th-13 mass production, along with its biotization effect on capsicum chinensis jacq. "bhut jolokia." early mycelium initiation (2 days) occurred in s. robusta followed by p. kesiya and c. arborea (3.5 days). the sporulation was observed earlier in s. robusta (100% after 6 days) than p. kesiya (33.4% after 8 days) and c. arborea (16.7% after ...201525632354
antimicrobial and inhibition on heat-induced protein denaturation of constituents isolated from polygonatum verticillatum rhizomes.this study was designed to assess the susceptibility of various microorganisms and inhibition on heat-induced protein denaturation against diosgenin and santonin, isolated from polygonatum verticillatum rhizomes. both diosgenin and santonin showed significant zone of inhibition when studied against various gram-positive (bacillus subtilis, bacillus cereus, staphylococcus aureus and staphylococcus epidermidis) and gram-negative bacteria (escherichia coli and salmonella typhi). in antifungal assay ...201525553804
biodegradation of pesticides using fungi species found in the aquatic environment.relatively limited attention has been given to the presence of fungi in the aquatic environment compared to their occurrence in other matrices. taking advantage and recognizing the biodegradable capabilities of fungi is important, since these organisms may produce many potent enzymes capable of degrading toxic pollutants. therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the potential ability of some species of filamentous fungi that occur in the aquatic environment to degrade pesticides in untre ...201525860553
hydroxylation of 1,8-cineole by mucor ramannianus and aspergillus niger.the monoterpenoid 1,8-cineole is obtained from the leaves of eucalyptus globulus and it has important biological activities. it is a cheap natural substrate because it is a by-product of the eucalyptus cultivation for wood and pulp production. in this study, it was evaluated the potential of three filamentous fungi in the biotransformation of 1,8-cineole. the study was divided in two steps: first, reactions were carried out with 1,8-cineole at 1 g/l for 24 h; afterwards, reactions were carried o ...201526221115
recombinant trichoderma harzianum endoglucanase i (cel7b) is a highly acidic and promiscuous carbohydrate-active enzyme.trichoderma filamentous fungi have been investigated due to their ability to secrete cellulases which find various biotechnological applications such as biomass hydrolysis and cellulosic ethanol production. previous studies demonstrated that trichoderma harzianum ioc-3844 has a high degree of cellulolytic activity and potential for biomass hydrolysis. however, enzymatic, biochemical, and structural studies of cellulases from t. harzianum are scarce. this work reports biochemical characterization ...201526156238
untargeted metabolic profiling of vitis vinifera during fungal degradation.this paper illustrates the application of an untargeted metabolic profiling analysis of winery-derived biomass degraded using four filamentous fungi (trichoderma harzianum, aspergillus niger, penicillium chrysogenum and p. citrinum) and a yeast (saccharomyces cerevisiae). analysis of the metabolome resulted in the identification of 233 significant peak features [p < 0.05; fold change (fc) > 2 and signal-to-noise ratio >50] using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry followed by statistical chemom ...201525868913
molecular characterization of intergeneric hybrid between aspergillus oryzae and trichoderma harzianum by protoplast fusion.protoplast fusion between aspergillus oryzae and trichoderma harzianum and application of fusant in degradation of shellfish waste.201525444252
a new strategy for co-composting dairy manure with rice straw: addition of different inocula at three stages of composting.in considering the impact of inoculation time and the characteristics of composting material and inoculants on the usefulness of inoculation, a new composting strategy has been proposed and studied, in which three inocula were inoculated at three stages of composting process respectively: inoculum a (thermoactinomyces sp. gf1 and gf2) was inoculated before fermentation to increase or maintain high temperature of pile, inoculum b (coprinus cinerea and coprinus comatus) was inoculated after thermo ...201525837785
antifungal rhizosphere bacteria can increase as response to the presence of saprotrophic fungi.knowledge on the factors that determine the composition of bacterial communities in the vicinity of roots (rhizosphere) is essential to understand plant-soil interactions. plant species identity, plant growth stage and soil properties have been indicated as major determinants of rhizosphere bacterial community composition. here we show that the presence of saprotrophic fungi can be an additional factor steering rhizosphere bacterial community composition and functioning. we studied the impact of ...201526393509
the cerato-platanin protein epl-1 from trichoderma harzianum is involved in mycoparasitism, plant resistance induction and self cell wall protection.trichoderma harzianum species are well known as biocontrol agents against important fungal phytopathogens. mycoparasitism is one of the strategies used by this fungus in the biocontrol process. in this work, we analyzed the effect of epl-1 protein, previously described as plant resistance elicitor, in expression modulation of t. harzianum genes involved in mycoparasitism process against phytopathogenic fungi; self cell wall protection and recognition; host hyphae coiling and triggering expressio ...201526647876
imprint desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry imaging for monitoring secondary metabolites production during antagonistic interaction of fungi.direct analysis of microbial cocultures grown on agar media by desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (desi-ms) is quite challenging. due to the high gas pressure upon impact with the surface, the desorption mechanism does not allow direct imaging of soft or irregular surfaces. the divots in the agar, created by the high-pressure gas and spray, dramatically change the geometry of the system decreasing the intensity of the signal. in order to overcome this limitation, an imprinting ...201526637047
effect of mixture of trichoderma isolates on biochemical parameter in tomato fruits against sclerotinia sclerotiorum rot of tomato plant.experiments revealed that a mixture of trichoderma harzianum isolates, bhu51 and bhu105 showed lowest mean disease rating (mdr) of 1.70 and 1.62% and per cent disease reduction (pdr) by 41.00 and 44.84% during the year 2008-09 and 2009-10, respectively. shoot length, chlorophyll content and yield was also recorded highest in the mixture of bhu51+ bhu105 treatment followed by single tichoderma treatments while lowest was found in pathogen inoculated control. the nutritional quality such as lycope ...201526536803
role of trichoderma harzianum in mitigating nacl stress in indian mustard (brassica juncea l) through antioxidative defense system.salinity stress affected crop production of more than 20% of irrigated land globally. in the present study the effect of different concentrations of nacl (0, 100, and 200 mm) on growth, physio-biochemical attributes, antioxidant enzymes, oil content, etc. in brassica juncea and the protective role of trichoderma harzianum (th) was investigated. salinity stress deteriorates growth, physio-biochemical attributes, that ultimately leads to decreased biomass yield in mustard seedlings. higher concent ...201526528324
biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by trichoderma species: a mini review.fungi belonging to trichoderma genus are ascomycetes found in soils worldwide. trichoderma has been studied in relation to diverse biotechnological applications and are known as successful colonizers of their common habitats. members of this genus have been well described as effective biocontrol organisms through the production of secondary metabolites with potential applications as new antibiotics. even though members of trichoderma are commonly used for the commercial production of lytic enzym ...201526498812
[l-lysine-α-oxidase in vitro activity in experiments on models of viruses sindbis, forest-spring encephalitis, western nile, tyaginya and dhori].the antitumor effect of l-lysine-α-oxidase from the culture fluid of trichoderma harzianum rifai f-180 was investigated for the first time. the in vitro studies revealed its high activity on a model of the forest-spring encephalitis virus and no activity against the sindbis, western nile, tyaginya and dhori viruses.201526415376
mathematical modeling of enzyme production using trichoderma harzianum p49p11 and sugarcane bagasse as carbon source.a mathematical model to describe the kinetics of enzyme production by the filamentous fungus trichoderma harzianum p49p11 was developed using a low cost substrate as main carbon source (pretreated sugarcane bagasse). the model describes the cell growth, variation of substrate concentration and production of three kinds of enzymes (cellulases, beta-glucosidase and xylanase) in different sugarcane bagasse concentrations (5; 10; 20; 30; 40 gl(-1)). the 10 gl(-1) concentration was used to validate t ...201526378961
cadmium induces cadmium-tolerant gene expression in the filamentous fungus trichoderma harzianum.the filamentous fungus trichoderma harzianum, strain imi 393899, was able to grow in the presence of the heavy metals cadmium and mercury. the main objective of this research was to study the molecular mechanisms underlying the tolerance of the fungus t. harzianum to cadmium. the suppression subtractive hybridization (ssh) method was used for the characterization of the genes of t. harzianum implicated in cadmium tolerance compared with those expressed in the response to the stress induced by me ...201526349455
expression profiles of defence related cdnas in oil palm (elaeis guineensis jacq.) inoculated with mycorrhizae and trichoderma harzianum rifai t32.basal stem rot is one of the major diseases of oil palm (elaies guineensis jacq.) caused by pathogenic ganoderma species. trichoderma and mycorrhizae were proposed to be able to reduce the disease severity. however, their roles in improving oil palm defence system by possibly inducing defence-related genes in the host are not well characterized. to better understand that, transcript profiles of eleven putative defence-related cdnas in the roots of oil palm inoculated with trichoderma harzianum t ...201526322853
mechanism of triphenylmethane cresol red degradation by trichoderma harzianum m06.cresol red belongs to the triphenylmethane (tpm) class of dyes which are potentially carcinogenic or mutagenic. however, very few studies on biodegradation of cresol red were investigated as compared to other type dyes such as azo and anthraquinone dye. the aim of this work is to evaluate triphenylmethane dye cresol red degradation by fungal strain isolated from the decayed wood in johor bahru, malaysia. detailed taxonomic studies identified the organisms as trichoderma species and designated as ...201526275435
fungal biomolecules assisted biosynthesis of au-ag alloy nanoparticles and evaluation of their catalytic property.the catalytic reduction of methylene blue was studied using biosynthesised gold-silver (au-ag) alloy nanoparticles (nps). the fungal biomass of trichoderma harzianum was used as a reducing and stabilising agent in the synthesis of au-ag alloy nps. the synthesised nps were well characterised by uv-vis spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, x-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. the plausible synthesis ...201526224346
solubilisation of phosphate and micronutrients by trichoderma harzianum and its relationship with the promotion of tomato plant growth.trichoderma harzianum strain sqr-t037 is a biocontrol agent that has been shown to enhance the uptake of nutrients (macro- and microelements) by plants in fields. the objective of this study was to investigate the contribution of sqr-t037 to p and microelement (fe, mn, cu and zn) nutrition in tomato plants grown in soil and in hydroponic conditions. inoculation with sqr-t037 significantly improved the biomass and nutrient uptake of tomato seedlings grown in a nutrient-limiting soil. so we invest ...201526110536
draft whole-genome sequence of the biocontrol agent trichoderma harzianum t6776.trichoderma harzianum t6776 is a promising beneficial isolate whose effects consist of growth promotion, positive response of photosynthetic activity, hormonal signaling, and carbon partitioning in tomato, coupled with biocontrol of plant pathogens. here, we present the first genome assembly of t6776, providing a useful platform for the scientific community.201526067977
extra and intracellular synthesis of nickel oxide nanoparticles mediated by dead fungal biomass.the use of dead biomass of the fungus hypocrea lixii as a biological system is a new, effective and environmentally friendly bioprocess for the production and uptake of nickel oxide nanoparticles (nps), which has become a promising field in nanobiotechnology. dead biomass of the fungus was successfully used to convert nickel ions into nickel oxide nps in aqueous solution. these nps accumulated intracellularly and extracellularly on the cell wall surface through biosorption. the average size, mor ...201526043111
new c13 lipids from the marine-derived fungus trichoderma harzianum.chemical examination of the fermentation broth of a sponge-associated fungus trichoderma harzinum hms-15-3 led to the isolation of four pairs of new c13 lipid enantiomers namely harzianumols a-h (1a-4b). their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic (ir, ms, 1d, and 2d nmr) data analysis, including the modified mosher's method for the assignment of their absolute configurations. the new compounds were evaluated for antihyperlipidemic effects in hepg2 cells.201526031203
determination of the chemical structures of tandyukisins b-d, isolated from a marine sponge-derived fungus.tandyukisins b-d (1-3), novel decalin derivatives, have been isolated from a strain of trichoderma harzianum oups-111d-4 originally derived from the marine sponge halichondria okadai, and their structures have been elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analyses using 1d and 2d nmr techniques. in addition, their chemical structures were established by chemical transformation. they exhibited weak cytotoxicity, but selective growth inhibition on panel screening using 39 human cancer cell lines.201526006715
a new cytotoxic cytochalasin from the endophytic fungus trichoderma harzianum.the new natural product 4]-hydroxy-deacetyl-18-deoxycytochalasin h (1), together with the known deacetyl-18-deoxycytochalasin h (2) and 18-deoxycytochalasin h (3) were obtained from the endophytic fungus trichoderma harzianum isolated from leaves of cola nitida. the structure of the new compound was unambiguously determined by 1d and 2d nmr spectroscopy, and by hresims measurements, as well as by comparison with the literature. compounds 1-3 showed potent cytotoxic activity against the murine ly ...201525973482
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