Publications

in vitro toxicity of selected fungicides from the groups of benzimidazoles and demethylation inhibitors to cladobotryum dendroides and agaricus bisporus.	twenty microfungal isolates were collected from diseased fruiting bodies of agaricus bisporus sampled from serbian mushroom farms during 2003-2007. based on morphological characteristics and pathogenicity tests, the isolates were identified as cladobotryum dendroides. the isolates of c. dendroides and a. bisporusf56 and u3 were tested for sensitivity to several selected fungicides in vitro. c. dendroides isolates were found to be more sensitive to prochloraz manganese and flusilazole + carbendaz ...	2009	19365752
spent mushroom substrates as component of growing media for germination and growth of horticultural plants.	this research work was conducted in order to investigate the possibility of using spent mushroom substrate (sms) in the production of horticultural seedlings replacing part of the peat in the growing media. three vegetable species with different salt sensitivities, the less sensitive being tomato (lycopersicon esculentum var. muchamiel), the moderately salt-sensitive being courgette (cucurbita pepo l. var. afrodite f1) and the most salt-sensitive being pepper (capsicum annum l. var. lamuyo f1) w ...	2009	19409775
evaluating the addition of activated carbon to heat-treated mushroom casing for grain-based and compost-based substrates.	two substrates, a non-composted grain spawn substrate and a traditional composted substrate, each covered with peat-based casing that contained varying amounts of activated carbon (ac) and each receiving different heat-treatment durations, were tested for agaricus bisporus mushroom production. the amounts of ac were 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20% v/v, and the heat treatments were 0, 60, and 180 min at 121 degrees c and 103.4 kpa. overall, the addition of ac up to 10-15% of casing for a grain spawn substr ...	2009	19435659
[bacterial communities in the phase ii of agaricus bisporus compost by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis].	we studied the bacterial community during agaricus bisporus composting phase ii, to develop a quick and accurate method by modern molecular ecology technique for dynamic inspection on bacterial community during a. bisporus composting.	2009	19445179
novel microsatellite markers suitable for genetic studies in the white button mushroom agaricus bisporus.	co-dominant microsatellite molecular markers were obtained from the agaricus bisporus cultivated mushroom. their potential for both the molecular characterisation of commercial strains and the monitoring of the intraspecific genetic variation was demonstrated. the analysis of 673 unique sequences issued from public database and 59 from an enriched a. bisporus genomic library resulted in the development of a total of 33 single sequence repeat or microsatellite (ssr) markers. their usefulness for ...	2009	19455324
production of agaricus bisporus on substrates pre-colonized by scytalidium thermophilum and supplemented at casing with protein-rich supplements.	the objective of this study was to evaluate performance of agaricus bisporus (ab) on substrates pre-colonized by scytalidiumthermophilum (st), a thermophilic fungus known to enhance yields of ab and increase selectivity of the substrate. the radial extension rate (rer) of the mycelium of three strains of st and their influence on the growth of a brown strain of ab were evaluated. we also determined the time required for colonization of pangola grass by st in a compost pile and the influence of t ...	2009	19457658
effect of gamma-irradiation on agaritine, gamma-glutaminyl-4-hydroxybenzene (ghb), antioxidant capacity, and total phenolic content of mushrooms ( agaricus bisporus ).	fresh mushrooms ( agaricus bisporus ) were irradiated at doses of 1, 3, and 5 kgy to assess the effect of gamma-irradiation on the major aromatic compounds agaritine (beta-n-(gamma-l-(+)-glutamyl)-4-(hydroxymethyl)phenylhydrazine) and ghb (gamma-glutaminyl-4-hydroxybenzene) as well as on the total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity. up to 3 kgy, agaritine was not affected. at 5 kgy, a significant reduction (p = 0.05) from 1.54 (0 kgy) to 1.35 g/kg dry weight (dw) was observed. gamma-gluta ...	2009	19499949
vitamin b12 is the active corrinoid produced in cultivated white button mushrooms (agaricus bisporus).	analysis of vitamin b(12) in freshly harvested white button mushrooms ( agaricus bisporus ) from five farms was performed by affinity chromatography and hplc-esi-ms techniques. the vitamin b(12) concentrations obtained varied from farm to farm, with higher concentrations of vitamin b(12) detected in outer peel than in cap, stalk, or flesh, suggesting that the vitamin b(12) is probably bacteria-derived. high concentrations of vitamin b(12) were also detected in the flush mushrooms including cups ...	2009	19552428
effects of spawn, supplement and phase ii compost additions and time of re-casing second break compost on mushroom (agaricus bisporus) yield and biological efficiency.	three cropping experiments (0710, 0803 and 0805) were conducted to determine the effect of adding spawn, various levels of delayed release nutrient, and phase ii compost to 2nd break mushroom compost (2bkc) on mushroom yield and biological efficiency (be). we also investigated the effect of delaying time of re-casing non-supplemented and supplemented 2bkc on mushroom yields and bes. the addition of 14.6% spawn to nutrient-supplemented 2bkc (w.w./d.w) increased yield by 11.1% over the control (no ...	2009	19559602
biological control of lycoriella ingenua (diptera: sciaridae) in commercial mushroom (agaricus bisporus) cultivation: a comparison between hypoaspis miles and steinernema feltiae.	mushroom cultivation may be adversely affected by insect pests, including sciarids (lycoriella spp.), which were previously controlled by application of chemical pesticides. however, owing to food safety and environmental concerns, availability of pesticides for use during mushroom cultivation has diminished. consequently, it is imperative to investigate alternative control strategies, not reliant on chemical pesticides, which may be used in an integrated pest management system.	2009	19562663
a glycoprotein extracted from golden oyster mushroom pleurotus citrinopileatus exhibiting growth inhibitory effect against u937 leukemia cells.	mushrooms have become popular sources of natural antitumor, antiviral, antibacterial, antioxidative, and immunomodulatory agents. golden oyster mushroom, pleurotus citrinopileatus , is a common mushroom in oriental countries for human consumption. we isolated a functional protein (pcp-3a) from the fresh fruiting body of this mushroom. the isolation procedure included ammonium sulfate fractionation, deae-sepharose cl-6b ion exchange chromatography, and sephacryl s-300 gel filtration. electrophore ...	2009	19606865
assessment of the biosorption characteristics of a macro-fungus for the decolorization of acid red 44 (ar44) dye.	this study focuses on the possible use of macro-fungus agaricus bisporus to remove acid red 44 dye from aqueous solutions. batch equilibrium studies were carried out as a function of ph, biomass amount, contact time and temperature to determine the decolorization efficiency of biosorbent. the highest dye removal yield was achieved at ph 2.0. equilibrium occurred within about 30 min. biosorption data were successfully described by langmuir isotherm model and the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. ...	2009	19631464
oxidation of the erythro and threo forms of the phenolic lignin model compound 1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-(2-methoxyphenoxy)-1,3-propanediol by laccases and model oxidants.	mixtures of equal amounts of the erythro and threo forms of the phenolic arylglycerol beta-aryl ether 1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-(2-methoxyphenoxy)-1,3-propanediol were oxidized (i) with laccases from trametes versicolor, agaricus bisporus, myceliophthora thermophila and rhus vernicifera, (ii) with laccase-mediator systems consisting of t. versicolor laccase and abts or hbt, and (iii) with various model oxidants including cerium(iv) ammonium nitrate (can), lignin peroxidase, fenton's reagen ...	2009	19646732
agaritine content of 53 agaricus species collected from nature.	fifty-three different species of the genus agaricus were collected in the czech republic during the period 1998-2001 and identified by an experienced mycologist. the samples were analysed for agaritine (n2-(gamma-l-glutamyl)-4-hydroxymethylphenylhydrazine) content, a precursor to a suspected rodent carcinogen. there was a huge variation in agaritine content between species, but less variation between samples of a species. whereas the cultivated mushroom agaricus bisporus commonly contain 200-500 ...	2009	19680875
stimulation of human macrophages (thp-1) using toll-like receptor-2 (tlr-2) agonist decorated nanocarriers.	the purpose of this study was to prepare and characterize nanocarrier systems, which allow the application of pdna vaccines and adjuvants to mucosal vaccination. chitosan from a vegetal source (agaricus bisporus) and of gmp quality was used to synthesize the derivative 6-o-carboxymethyl-n,n,n-trimethylchitosan (cm-tmc). toll-like receptor-2 (tlr-2) agonist, pam(3)cys, was synthesized and coupled to cm-tmc through a polyethylene glycol (peg) spacer. successively, pam(3)cys decorated nanocarriers ...	2009	19694614
myo- and hepatotoxic effects of cultivated mushrooms in mice.	mushrooms are currently examined for their potential as functional foods. at the same time, novel types of mushroom intoxications, such as rhabdomyolysis after prolonged consumption, have been described in edible species. the aim of the present study was to perform an acute toxicity test to establish if the most commonly cultivated species would have myo- or hepatotoxic effects. mice (n=6/group) were exposed to 3, 6 or 9 g agaricus bisporus, lentinus edodes or pleurotus ostreatus kg body mass(-1 ...	2009	18976689
toxicity of fungicides with different modes of action to cladobotryum dendroides and agaricus bisporus.	isolates of cladobotryum dendroides from serbian mushroom farms and agaricus bisporus f56 were tested for sensitivity to selected fungicides in vitro. chlorothalonil was the most toxic fungicide to c. dendroides isolates (ec(50) values were below 1.68 mg l(-1)). trifloxystrobin and kresoxim-methyl were not effective in growth inhibition of c. dendroides isolates (ec(50) values exceeded 300 mg l(-1)). metalaxyl-m+mancozeb was the most toxic fungicide to strain f56 of a. bisporus, and iprodione th ...	2009	20183096
volatile c8 compounds and pseudomonads influence primordium formation of agaricus bisporus.	primordium formation of agaricus bisporus depends on the presence of a casing layer containing stimulatory bacteria and on sufficient air exchange. the influence of specific pseudomonad populations and volatile organic compounds (voc) on primordium formation of a. bisporus was studied in microcosm cultures. voc produced by a. bisporus mycelium were predominantly c8 compounds, some of which could inhibit primordium formation, with 1-octen-3-ol being most inhibitory. a voc produced by the rye grai ...	2009	19750937
establishing molecular tools for genetic manipulation of the pleuromutilin-producing fungus clitopilus passeckerianus.	we describe efficient polyethylene glycol (peg)-mediated and agrobacterium-mediated transformation systems for a pharmaceutically important basidiomycete fungus, clitopilus passeckerianus, which produces pleuromutilin, a diterpene antibiotic. three dominant selectable marker systems based on hygromycin, phleomycin, and carboxin selection were used to study the feasibility of peg-mediated transformation of c. passeckerianus. the peg-mediated transformation of c. passeckerianus protoplasts was suc ...	2009	19767458
issr as new markers for identification of homokaryotic protoclones of agaricus bisporus.	to accelerate the breeding of agaricus bisporus, quick and reliable methods to identify the infrequent homokaryons are necessary. a new marker, inter simple sequence repeat (issr) fingerprinting, is described for differentiation of homo- and hetero-karyotic protoclones. nine slow growing protoclones, two strandy and seven appressed, were analyzed for the first time with issr amplifications. the patterns were highly polymorphic and very reproducible. among 40 primers tested, 7 issr primers were s ...	2010	19777302
la france disease of the cultivated mushroom agaricus bisporus in poland.	presence of the virus associated with la france disease was confirmed in the mushrooms collected from different farms located in western poland. double-stranded rna (dsrna) was isolated from the mushrooms exhibiting a wide range of the disease symptoms including premature veil opening, brown-colored mushrooms, and loss of crop yield. the presence of dsrna molecules (m1, m2, and l3) was confirmed by rt-pcr and sequencing. furthermore, la france isometric virus (lfiv)-like particles were observed ...	2010	20822315
modelling the effect of the physical and chemical characteristics of the materials used as casing layers on the production parameters of agaricus bisporus.	the aim of this research was to show the mathematical data obtained through the correlations found between the physical and chemical characteristics of casing layers and the final mushrooms' properties. for this purpose, 8 casing layers were used: soil, soil + peat moss, soil + black peat, soil + composted pine bark, soil + coconut fibre pith, soil + wood fibre, soil + composted vine shoots and, finally, the casing of la rioja subjected to the ruffling practice. the conclusion that interplays in ...	2010	20878147
commonly consumed and specialty dietary mushrooms reduce cellular proliferation in mcf-7 human breast cancer cells.	worldwide, over one million women will be newly diagnosed with breast cancer in the next year. moreover, breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death in the usa. an accumulating body of evidence suggests that consumption of dietary mushrooms can protect against breast cancer. in this study, we tested and compared the ability of five commonly consumed or specialty mushrooms to modulate cell number balance in the cancer process using mcf-7 human breast cancer cells. hot water extracts ...	2010	20921274
particle and naked rna mycoviruses in industrially cultivated mushroom pleurotus ostreatus in china.	many cultivated mushroom strains, such as pleurotus ostreatus td300, displayed symptoms of degeneration. a spherical virus posv and four dsrna segments were extracted from mycelium of p. ostreatus td300. posv had a diameter of 23 nm and encapsidated a 2.5kb dsrna segment with coat proteins whose molecular weights were 39 kda and 30 kda. four dsrna segments were 8.2 kb, 2.5 kb, 2.0 kb, and 1.1 kb in size, respectively. the 1.1 kb dsrna segment often escaped detection. the cdna and the amino acid ...	2010	20943162
xylogone ganodermophthora sp. nov., an ascomycetous pathogen causing yellow rot on cultivated mushroom ganoderma lucidum in korea.	yellow rot, caused by an ascomycetous fungus having a distinctive arthroconidial anamorph, is the most destructive disease of cultivated ganoderma lucidum in korea, but the identity of the yellow rot pathogen (yrp) remains uncertain. isolates have been identified as xylogone sphaerospora (with putative anamorph sporendonema purpurascens) or as arthrographis cuboidea. therefore we used morphological features, pathogenicity tests and phylogenetic analyses of dna sequences from the nuclear ribosoma ...	2010	20943517
ergosterol profiles, fatty acid composition, and antioxidant activities of button mushrooms as affected by tissue part and developmental stage.	this article investigated the mycochemical profiles and the antioxidant activities of the lipophilic extracts of the white and brown button mushrooms. we found that only free ergosterols were present in both mushrooms at 2.04-4.82 mg/g dry matter (dm). ergosterol concentration was higher in early growth stages but decreased as the mushrooms grew, and it distributed evenly between the caps and stems during early developmental stages but accumulated more in the caps after maturation. the photochem ...	2010	20961043
assessment of heavy metals in some wild edible mushrooms collected from yunnan province, china.	eight heavy metals (cu, zn, fe, mn, cd, cr, ni, and pb) in 14 different wild-growing edible mushroom species (coprinus comatus, voluariella volvacea, pleurotus nebrodensis, hypsizigus marmoreus, hericium erinaceus, agrocybe aegerita, lenfinus edodes, collybia velutipes, agaricus bisporus, russula albida, clitocybe conglobata, pleurotus eryngii, lepista sordida, and pleurotus ostreatus) collected from yunnan province, china, were determined by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectromet ...	2010	20976551
inhibition of gst-pi nuclear transfer increases mantle cell lymphoma sensitivity to cisplatin, cytarabine, gemcitabine, bortezomib and doxorubicin.	mantle cell lymphoma (mcl) is a chemoresistant lymphoma overexpressing the class pi glutathione-s-transferase (gst-pi). the nuclear localisation of gst-pi is induced by chemotherapy and is correlated to cell resistance. in this study, the effect of the agaricus bisporus lectin (abl), a gst-pi nuclear transfer inhibitor, on the chemosensitivity of mcl cells was investigated.	2010	21036708
comparative linkage mapping in the white button mushroom agaricus bisporus provides foundation for breeding management.	to assess the feasibility of marker-assisted selection in mushrooms, a comparative mapping study between two connected populations of the white button mushroom agaricus bisporus was performed. the first mapping population had been used already for the construction of the a. bisporus reference linkage map. in the present study, a new linkage map based on the segregation analysis of a second generation hybrid progeny was developed. in order to increase the number of available anchor markers, we de ...	2010	21046108
synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular docking of aryl hydrazines and hydrazides for anticancer activity.	aryl hydrazine and hydrazide analogues were synthesized based on p-tolyl hydrazine, isolated as a breakdown product of a secondary metabolite from the mushroom, agaricus bisporus, and tested to be highly active molecule than 5-fluorouracil in in vitro anticancer studies. the synthesized analogues were tested for anticancer activity using nci protocol. anolgues 12 and 15 emerged as molecules with significant in vitro anticancer activity. molecular docking study revealed the binding orientations o ...	2010	21046979
agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation of the vegetative dikaryotic mycelium of the cultivated mushroom flammulina velutipes.	agrobacterium tumefaciens was used to transform the vegetative dikaryotic mycelium of flammulina velutipes using a hygromycin b resistance gene as selectable marker. the gene coding for urogen iii methyltransferase (cob) was introduced into f. velutipes dikaryotic cells. the resulting transformant cells generated a bright red fluorescence, indicating that cob is promising as a reporter gene in f. velutipes.	2010	21071861
mineral composition of different strains of edible medicinal mushroom agaricus subrufescens peck.	agaricus subrufescens peck is a well-known basidiomycota fungus (royal sun agaricus), with rising demand in consumption and production worldwide. this particular mushroom with high medical value has been used successfully in cancer therapy and in the treatment of some bacterial and viral diseases. four strains of a. subrufescens (si2.2, 853, 1105, and 2603) were cultivated, and 22 mineral elements of basidiomes (fruit bodies) were analyzed (caps and stipes separately). the data obtained about th ...	2010	21091259
characterization of a mycovirus associated with the brown discoloration of edible mushroom, flammulina velutipes.	a mycovirus previously identified in brown discolored fruiting bodies of the cultivated mushroom flammulina velutipes was characterized. we tentatively named the virus the f. velutipes browning virus (fvbv).	2010	21106114
the agaricus bisporus cox1 gene: the longest mitochondrial gene and the largest reservoir of mitochondrial group i introns.	in eukaryotes, introns are located in nuclear and organelle genes from several kingdoms. large introns (up to 5 kbp) are frequent in mitochondrial genomes of plant and fungi but scarce in metazoa, even if these organisms are grouped with fungi among the opisthokonts. mitochondrial introns are classified in two groups (i and ii) according to their rna secondary structure involved in the intron self-splicing mechanism. most of these mitochondrial group i introns carry a "homing endonuclease gene" ...	2010	21124976
[spectral analysis of some nutrients and minerals in agaricus bisporus fruit bodies harvested at four different maturity stages].	the contents of nutritional elements such as na, k, p, ca, mg and trace elements such as cu, se, mo, fe in agaricus bisporus fruit bodies harvested at four different maturity stages (stage i, ii, iii, iv) were analyzed by icp-aes, and the contents of some nutritional ingredients such as water, soluble protein, soluble sugar and ascorbic acid were also investigated. the results showed that the contents of na, k, p, mg, cu, se and mo in stage i was respectively higher than those in the other three ...	2010	21137429
lectins as a tool for detecting neural stem/progenitor cells in the adult mouse brain.	glycoconjugates are biopolymers that are broadly distributed in the central nervous system, including the cell surface of neural stem cells or neural precursor cells (nscs/npcs). glycoconjugates can be recognized by carbohydrate-binding proteins, lectins. two lectins, phaseolus vulgaris lectin agglutinin e-form (pha-e4) and wheat germ agglutinin (wga) have been reported to be useful in isolating nscs/npcs by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (facs) or immunopanning methods. in this study, we a ...	2010	21235006
phg/psilbaγ vector system for efficient gene silencing in homobasidiomycetes: optimization of ihprna - triggering in the mycorrhizal fungus laccaria bicolor.	psilbaγ silencing vector was constructed for efficient rna silencing triggering in the model mycorrhizal fungus laccaria bicolor. this cloning vector carries the agaricus bisporus gpdii promoter, two multiple cloning sites separated by a l. bicolor nitrate reductase intron and the aspergillus nidulans trpc terminator. psilbaγ allows an easy oriented two-step pcr cloning of hairpin sequences to be expressed in basidiomycetes. with one further cloning step into phg, a pcambia1300-based binary vect ...	2010	21255319
gene knockdown by ihprna-triggering in the ectomycorrhizal basidiomycete fungus laccaria bicolor.	ectomycorrhiza (ecm) is a mutualistic association between fungi and the roots of the vast majority of trees. these include numerous ecologically and economically relevant species and the participating fungal symbionts are predominantly filamentous basidiomycetes. in natural ecosystems the plant nutrient uptake from soil takes place via the extraradical mycelia of these ecm mycosimbionts as a trade for plant photosyntates. the symbiotic phase in the life cycle of ecm basidiomycetes is the dikaryo ...	2010	21326837
accumulation of lignin and malondialdehyde in relation to quality changes of button mushrooms (agaricus bisporus) stored in modified atmosphere.	whole fresh button mushrooms (agaricus bisporus) were stored in unsealed bags in two types of modified atmosphere packaging (map), namely, active and passive, at 4 °c. the packaging film was 0.04 mm low-density polyethylene and the gas composition of the active map was 12% o(2), 2.5% co(2) and 85.5% n( 2). firmness of mushroom showed a positive correlation with the accumulation of lignin in the tissue. on the other hand, changes of malondialdehyde content with storage time were proportional to t ...	2010	21339137
effects of alpha-glucans from agaricus bisporus on ex vivo cytokine production by lps and pha-stimulated pbmcs; a placebo-controlled study in slightly hypercholesterolemic subjects.	mushrooms are known for their immune modulating effect for which the polysaccharide fraction, mainly glucans, seem to be responsible. fungal beta-glucans have been studied extensively, whereas little is known about mushroom alpha-glucans. we have earlier shown that the polysaccharide fraction from the mushroom a. bisporus, consisting 90% of alpha-glucans, induced in vitro tumor necrosis factor (tnf)alpha and nitric oxide production. the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of consum ...	2010	20197785
[formation of flavor of dry champignons (agaricus bisporus)].	the composition of aroma compounds of dry champignons (agaricus bisporus l.) were identified using capillary gas chromatography and chromatography-mass spectrometry. in total, 56 compounds were identified. it was found that the flavor of dry mushrooms was formed by the volatile compounds produced as a result of enzymatic and oxidative conversion of unsaturated fatty acids as well as in the maillard reaction. unsaturated alcohols and ketones containing eight carbon atoms determined the mushroom n ...	2010	20198929
influence of dietary mushroom agaricus bisporus on intestinal morphology and microflora composition in broiler chickens.	in this study, we evaluated the intestinal morphology and bacteria populations in broiler chickens fed for six weeks diets that contained different amount of the mushroom agaricus bisporus. ninety day-old female chicks were randomly divided into three dietary treatments, each with three replicates kept in floor pens and fed a basal diet supplemented with the dried mushroom at levels of 0, 10 or 20 g/kg fresh feed. feed and water were offered to birds ad libitum. the morphological examinations of ...	2010	20207382
effects of fragmentation, supplementation and the addition of phase ii compost to 2nd break compost on mushroom (agaricus bisporus) yield.	double-cropping offers growers an opportunity to increase production efficiency while reducing costs. we evaluated degree of fragmentation, supplementation, and addition of phase ii compost (piic) to 2nd break compost (2bkc) on mushroom yield and biological efficiency (be%). one crop was extended as a triple crop in which we evaluated effect of compost type, and addition of phase ii compost and supplement. all crops involved removing the casing layer after 2nd break and then using 2bkc for the v ...	2010	19733059
abundance and distribution of microdispus lambi (acari: microdispidae) in spanish mushroom crops.	the myceliophagous mite microdispus lambi has become a veritable plague since 1996, when it was first observed in spanish mushroom crops, and is now causing substantial economic losses, particulary in spring and summer. this study looks at seasonal variation of the pest, its distribution on commercial farms and the population development during the crop cycle of the common white mushroom, agaricus bisporus. over a period of 18 months, 24 consecutive mushroom crop cycles were monitored and a tota ...	2010	19830580
effects of mushroom-derived beta-glucan-rich polysaccharide extracts on nitric oxide production by bone marrow-derived macrophages and nuclear factor-kappab transactivation in caco-2 reporter cells: can effects be explained by structure?	mushrooms are known for their immune-modulating and anti-tumour properties. the polysaccharide fraction, mainly beta-glucans, is responsible for the immune-modulating effects. fungal beta-glucans have been shown to activate leukocytes, which depend on structural characteristics of beta-glucans. as edible mushrooms come in contact with the intestinal immune system, effects on enterocytes are also interesting. our aim was to evaluate the effect of mushroom polysaccharide extracts varying in beta-g ...	2010	19885842
degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by crude extracts from spent mushroom substrate and its possible mechanisms.	biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) by pure laccase has been reported, but the high cost limited its application in environmental bioremediation. here, we reported a study about pahs degradation by crude extracts (ces) containing laccase, which were obtained by extracting four spent mushroom (agaricus bisporus, pleurotus eryngii, pleurotus ostreatus, and coprinus comatus) substrates. the results showed that anthracene, benzo[a]pyrene, and benzo[a]anthracene were top three d ...	2010	19924475
cultivation of pleurotus ostreatus and other edible mushrooms.	pleurotus ostreatus is the second most cultivated edible mushroom worldwide after agaricus bisporus. it has economic and ecological values and medicinal properties. mushroom culture has moved toward diversification with the production of other mushrooms. edible mushrooms are able to colonize and degrade a large variety of lignocellulosic substrates and other wastes which are produced primarily through the activities of the agricultural, forest, and food-processing industries. particularly, p. os ...	2010	19956947
an expanded genetic linkage map of an intervarietal agaricus bisporus var. bisporusxa. bisporus var. burnettii hybrid based on aflp, ssr and caps markers sheds light on the recombination behaviour of the species.	a genetic linkage map for the edible basidiomycete agaricus bisporus was constructed from 118 haploid homokaryons derived from an intervarietal a. bisporus var. bisporus x a. bisporus var. burnettii hybrid. two hundred and thirty-one aflp, 21 ssr, 68 caps markers together with the mat, bsn, ppc1 loci and one allozyme locus (adh) were evenly spread over 13 linkage groups corresponding to the chromosomes of a. bisporus. the map covers 1156cm, with an average marker spacing of 3.9cm and encompasses ...	2010	20026415
performance and antioxidant status of broiler chickens supplemented with dried mushrooms (agaricus bisporus) in their diet.	in this study, we evaluated the growth performance and antioxidant status of broiler chicken supplemented with the edible mushroom agaricus bisporus. ninety 1-d-old female broiler chickens randomly allotted to 3 dietary treatments were given either a nutritionally balanced basal diet or the basal diet supplemented with 10 or 20 g of dried mushroom/kg of feed for 6 wk on an ad libitum basis. body weight, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio values were monitored weekly. to evaluate the antioxid ...	2010	20075283
the pmk1-like mitogen-activated protein kinase from lecanicillium (verticillium) fungicola is not required for virulence on agaricus bisporus.	in plant-pathogenic fungi, the pmk1 mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk) signalling pathway plays an essential role in regulating the development of penetration structures and the sensing of host-derived cues, but its role in other pathosystems such as fungal-fungal interactions is less clear. we report the use of a gene disruption strategy to investigate the pmk1-like mapk, lf pmk1 in the development of lecanicillium fungicola (formerly verticillium fungicola) infection on the cultivated mus ...	2010	20110303
white button mushroom (agaricus bisporus) lowers blood glucose and cholesterol levels in diabetic and hypercholesterolemic rats.	agaricus bisporus (white button mushroom; wbm) contains high levels of dietary fibers and antioxidants including vitamin c, d, and b(12); folates; and polyphenols that may provide beneficial effects on cardiovascular and diabetic diseases. the objective of this study was to examine the hypothesis that intake of the fruiting bodies of wbm regulates anticholesterolemic and antiglycemic responses in rats fed a hypercholesterolemic diet (0.5% cholesterol; 14% fat) and rats with type 2 diabetes induc ...	2010	20116660
microbially induced diseases of agaricus bisporus: biochemical mechanisms and impact on commercial mushroom production.	the button mushroom, agaricus bisporus (lange) imbach, the most common cultivated mushroom, is susceptible to a wide range of virus, bacterial, and fungal diseases. however, only some diseases were studied for the mechanisms involved in the host-microorganism interaction. this review deals with biochemical mechanisms related to cavity disease (burkholderia gladioli) and to the interaction between a. bisporus and the causal agents responsible for the most severe diseases, namely the bacteria pseu ...	2010	20127233
scar makers and multiplex pcr-based rapid molecular typing of lentinula edodes strains.	lentinula edodes is the second most important cultivated mushroom worldwide, the most commercial strains have been identified only through traditional phenotypic analysis. in this study, a simple rapid pcr-based molecular method was developed for distinguishing commercial strains of l. edodes by developing specific sequence characterized amplified region (scar) markers and establishing multiplex pcr assays with the scar primers. derived from the randomly amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) and sequ ...	2010	20358374
anti-idiotypic antibody mimicking a t-antigen-specific lectin inhibits human epithelial tumor cell proliferation.	cancer-associated mucins show frequent alterations of oligosaccharide chain profile. terminal structures may be deleted, thereby exposing normally 'cryptic' structures such as tn (galnacα-o-ser/thr) and t antigen (galβ1-3galnacα-o-ser/thr). overexpression of these commonly hidden glycoforms, and reduced level of naturally occurring anti-t or anti-tn antibodies, is associated with epithelial tumor progression and aggressiveness. the lectin from the common edible mushroom agaricus bisporus (abl) s ...	2010	20404839
prediction of polyphenol oxidase activity using visible near-infrared hyperspectral imaging on mushroom (agaricus bisporus) caps.	physical stress (i.e., bruising) during harvesting, handling, and transportation triggers enzymatic discoloration of mushrooms, a common and detrimental phenomenon largely mediated by polyphenol oxidase (ppo) enzymes. hyperspectral imaging (hsi) is a nondestructive technique that combines imaging and spectroscopy to obtain information from a sample. the objective of this study was to assess the ability of hsi to predict the activity of ppo on mushroom caps. hyperspectral images of mushrooms subj ...	2010	20411944
detection of food-derived damaged nucleosides with possible adverse effects on human health using a global adductomics approach.	a range of damaged nucleosides, also found in digested dietary dna, appear to be taken up by cells and incorporated into the cells' own dna. most incorporated damaged nucleosides will be repaired by cellular dna repair systems. however, a small fraction of these will escape repair and thus ultimately create mutations. over the long human lifespan this could be a mechanism that contributes to disease, cancer, and aging. this study analyzed damaged nucleosides derived from dietary dna in a commerc ...	2010	20429587
inhibitory effects of 2-amino-3h-phenoxazin-3-one on the melanogenesis of murine b16 melanoma cell line.	hyperpigmentations are a serious concern addressed by both the medical community and the cosmetic industry through the development of agents that block melanin biosynthesis. in this study, we found that 2-amino-3h-phenoxazin-3-one (apo), isolated from extracts of the edible mushroom agaricus bisporus imbach, exhibited potent inhibitory effects on melanogenesis in b16 cells, a murine melanoma cell line. apo inhibited melanin biosynthesis at 1,000 times lower concentrations (ic(50)=1.31+/-0.08 mic ...	2010	20445320
efficiency of rapd and issr markers in differentiation of homo- and heterokaryotic protoclones of agaricus bisporus.	morphologically, nine different slow-growing protoclones were screened from regenerated protoplast of heterokaryotic agaricus bisporus. the present study is the first report of fingerprinting on differentiating homo- and heterokaryotic protoclones using random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) and inter-simple sequence repeat (issr) markers. among 80 primers tested, the seven issr and seven rapd primers selected for the analysis generated a total of 94 issr and 52 rapd fragments, respectively. is ...	2010	20467239
postharvest hardness and color evolution of white button mushrooms (agaricus bisporus).	the quality evaluation of mushrooms was studied by storing fresh white button mushrooms (agaricus bisporus) for 6 to 8 d, at various controlled temperature conditions (3.5 to 15 degrees c) and measuring the instrumental textural hardness and color of the mushroom cap for different product batches. a nonlinear mixed effect weibull model was used to describe mushroom cap texture and color kinetics during storage considering the batch variability into account. storage temperature was found to play ...	2010	20492287
use of fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and chemometric data analysis to evaluate damage and age in mushrooms (agaricus bisporus) grown in ireland.	the aim of this research was to investigate whether the chemical changes induced by mechanical damage and aging of mushrooms can be (a) detected in the midinfrared absorption region and (b) identified using chemometric data analysis. mushrooms grown under controlled conditions were bruise-damaged by vibration to simulate damage during normal transportation. damaged and nondamaged mushrooms were stored for up to 7 days postharvest. principal component analysis of fourier transform infrared (ftir) ...	2010	20518458
agaricus bisporus as a source of tyrosinase for phenol detection for future biosensor development.	phenols are toxic compounds that are present in several industrial wastewaters, so their quantification has great environmental importance. in order to permit an analytical methodology for in situ monitoring, this work aims to study the application of agaricus bisporus tissue as a source of tyrosinase and the optimum reaction conditions for the development of a phenol biosensor. such an enzyme is a polyphenol oxidase that transforms many different phenolic compounds into quinones. experiments wi ...	2010	20540422
the development of integrated pest management for the control of mushroom sciarid flies, lycoriella ingenua (dufour) and bradysia ocellaris (comstock), in cultivated mushrooms.	mushrooms are susceptible to a range of diseases and pests that can cause serious crop loss. effective pest and pathogen control is a very important factor for the maintenance of efficient production of cultivated mushrooms. integrated pest management in mushrooms is reliant upon four main principals/elements: sanitation, exclusion, monitoring and pest control. bradysia ocellaris (comstock) and lycoriella ingenua (dufour) (diptera: sciaridae) are major pests of cultivated mushrooms, agaricus bis ...	2010	20597099
both common and specialty mushrooms inhibit adhesion molecule expression and in vitro binding of monocytes to human aortic endothelial cells in a pro-inflammatory environment.	cardiovascular disease (cvd) is a leading cause of mortality in the united states as well as globally. epidemiological studies show that regular fruit and vegetable consumption reduces cvd risk, in part, due to antioxidant activity and immunomodulation since oxidative stress and inflammation are features of atherogenesis. accumulating evidence also shows that dietary fungi, viz., mushrooms, can protect against chronic disease by altering inflammatory environments such as those associated with cv ...	2010	20637088
multiple recognition systems adopting four different glycotopes at the same domain for the agaricus bisporus agglutinin-glycan interactions.	for the galnacalpha1--> specific agaricus bisporus agglutinin (aba) from an edible mushroom, the mechanism of polyvalent galbeta1-->3/4glcnacbeta1--> complex in aba-carbohydrate recognition has not been well defined since gal and glcnac are weak ligands. by enzyme-linked lectinosorbent and inhibition assays, we show that the polyvalent galbeta1-->3/4glcnacbeta1--> in natural glycans also play vital roles in binding and we propose that four different intensities of glycotopes (galbeta1-3galnacalp ...	2010	20643131
heterologous expression of the immunomodulatory protein gene from ganoderma sinense in the basidiomycete coprinopsis cinerea.	fip-gsi, a fungal immunomodulatory protein found in ganoderma sinense, has antitumour, anti-allergy and immunomodulatory activities and is regulated by the fip-gsi gene. in this study, we aimed to express the fip-gsi gene from g. sinense in coprinopsis cinerea to increase yield of fips-gsi.	2010	20659187
cloning, characterization and expression of two new polyphenol oxidase cdnas from agaricus bisporus.	two new polyphenol oxidase (ppo) cdnas (ppo3 and ppo4 cdnas, accession numbers gq354801 and gq354802, respectively) were obtained by race-pcr from agaricus bisporus. ppo3 cdna was 1844 bp in length with an open reading frame of 1731 bp, while ppo4 cdna was 2042 bp with an open reading frame of 1836 bp. ppo3 and ppo4 cdnas, with 52% identity at the nucleic acid level, encoded a 576-amino acid protein of 66.3 kda and 611-amino acid protein of 68.3 kda, respectively. mature forms of ppo3 and ppo4 w ...	2010	20676921
lecanicillium fungicola: causal agent of dry bubble disease in white-button mushroom.	lecanicillium fungicola causes dry bubble disease in commercially cultivated mushroom. this review summarizes current knowledge on the biology of the pathogen and the interaction between the pathogen and its most important host, the white-button mushroom, agaricus bisporus. the ecology of the pathogen is discussed with emphasis on host range, dispersal and primary source of infection. in addition, current knowledge on mushroom defence mechanisms is reviewed. taxonomy: lecanicillium fungicola (pr ...	2010	20695998
effect of electron beam irradiation on postharvest quality and selected enzyme activities of the white button mushroom, agaricus bisporus.	agaricus bisporus fruit bodies were exposed to different doses (1, 2, 3, and 4 kgy) of electron beam irradiation (ebi), and various physiological changes associated with postharvest deterioration, as well as selected enzymes considered to play a role in senescence, were monitored over a subsequent 16-day storage period at 4 degrees c and 75-85% relative humidity. ebi retarded postharvest mushroom softening and overall increases in malondialdehyde levels were more pronounced in controls compared ...	2010	20698564
high molecular weight glucan of the culinary medicinal mushroom agaricus bisporus is an alpha-glucan that forms complexes with low molecular weight galactan.	an alpha-glucan was isolated from the culinary medicinal mushroom a. bisporus by hot water extraction, ethanol precipitation and deae-cellulose chromatography. the resulting material showed a single hmw peak excluded from a sephadex g50 column that could completely be degraded by alpha-amylase treatment. after heating in 1% sds a small additional peak of low mw eluted from the g50 column. the monosaccharide composition of the main peak was evaluated by hplc, and was found to consist of a majorit ...	2010	20736909
expression of phenol oxidase and heat-shock genes during the development of agaricus bisporus fruiting bodies, healthy and infected by lecanicillium fungicola.	the fungal pathogen lecanicillium fungicola (formerly verticillium fungicola) is responsible for severe losses worldwide in the mushroom (agaricus bisporus) industry. infected crops are characterised by masses of undifferentiated tissue (bubbles) growing in place of sporophores. the expression of three laccase genes (lcc1, lcc2 and lcc3), two tyrosinase genes (abppo1 and abppo2) and the hspa gene encoding a heat-shock protein known to be potentially associated with host-pathogen interaction was ...	2010	19711071
mutual influence of soil basidiomycetes and white mustard plants on their enzymatic and catabolic activities.	liquid and volatile emanations in interactions of soil basidiomycetes with herbs affect fungal oxidoreductases and stress-related plant peroxidases (po). in this study, gnotobiotic co-cultures between 6 non-pathogenic saprobes and 2 ectomycorrhizal basidiomycetes with the non-host plant white mustard were established on glucose-salt medium with the respective controls. determined were oxidoreductase activities for culture fluids and plant tissues at initial fungal idiophase and degradation rates ...	2011	20806256
characterization of pseudomonads isolated from decaying sporocarps of oyster mushroom.	pleurotus ostreatus is one of the most extensively cultivated mushrooms in the world; however, the success of cultivation often depends on the proliferation of different bacterial pathogens. pseudomonas tolaasii is thought as the major cause of brown blotch disease of agaricus bisporus and yellowing of pleurotus ostreatus. in this study we examined the pathogenicity and assessed the industrial damage causing effect of 41 pseudomonas strains isolated from deformed, yellowing oyster mushroom (p. o ...	2011	20627228
differentiation of homokaryons and heterokaryons of agaricus bisporus with inter-simple sequence repeat markers.	morphologically different fifteen slow growing single spore isolates (ssis) were screened from germinated basidiospores of agaricus bisporus; assumed to be homokaryons, and subjected to growth rate, spawn run, fruiting and inter-simple sequence repeat (issr) analysis for confirmation of true homokaryons. the present studies are the first report of fingerprinting on differentiating homo- and hetero-karyotic ssis using issr markers. the patterns were highly polymorphic and very reproducible. among ...	2011	20630725
exquisite binding specificity of sclerotium rolfsii lectin toward tf-related o-linked mucin-type glycans.	sclerotium rolfsii lectin (srl), a secretory protein from the soil borne phytopathogenic fungus sclerotium rolfsii, has shown in our previous studies to bind strongly to the oncofetal thomson-friedenreich carbohydrate (galß1-3galnac-ser/thr, t or tf) antigen. tf antigen is widely expressed in many types of human cancers and the strong binding of srl toward such a cancer-associated carbohydrate structure led us to characterize the carbohydrate binding specificity of srl. glycan array analysis, wh ...	2011	21347715
in vitro antioxidant, anticholinesterase and antimicrobial activity studies on three agaricus species with fatty acid compositions and iron contents: a comparative study on the three most edible mushrooms.	the fatty acids of agaricus essettei, agaricus bitorquis and agaricus bisporus were investigated by using gc and gc-ms. the dominant fatty acids were found to be linoleic (61.82-67.29%) and palmitic (12.67-14.71%) acids among the 13 fatty acids detected in the oils. total unsaturation for the oils was calculated as 77.50%, 77.44%, and 79.72%, respectively. in vitro antioxidant, anticholinesterase and antimicrobial activities were also studied. the ethyl acetate extract of agaricus bitorquis show ...	2011	21419821
bioproduction of mushroom mycelium of agaricus bisporus by commercial submerged fermentation for the production of meat analogue.	as worldwide interest in healthy and delicious meat analogues increases, the texture of these products has become an important indicator of quality. mycoprotein as fungal mycelium could provide a distinctive chewing sensation; however, the unfavorable consumer perception of fungal mycelium demands the production of meat analogues with true mushroom mycelium.	2011	21445867
structural basis for ligand recognition in a mushroom lectin: solvent structure as specificity predictor.	lectins are able to recognize specific carbohydrate structures through their carbohydrate recognition domain (crd). the lectin from the mushroom agaricus bisporus (abl) has the remarkable ability of selectively recognizing the tf-antigen, composed of galß1-3galnac, ser/thr linked to proteins, specifically exposed in neoplastic tissues. strikingly, the recently solved crystal structure of tetrameric abl in the presence of tf-antigen and other carbohydrates showed that each monomer has two crds, e ...	2011	21453906
effects of heavy metals on production of thiol compounds and antioxidant enzymes in agaricus bisporus.	in a pre-experiment, agaricus bisporus mycelia grown in pdl medium were found to have a substantial ability to tolerate and accumulate heavy metals. in the study, we investigated changes in the contents of soluble protein and thiol compounds as well as the activities of antioxidant enzymes caused by copper, zinc, lead, and cadmium (nitrate salts) in mycelia of a. bisporus during short-and long-term exposure. results showed that high-level metal concentrations significantly decrease the contents ...	2011	21529942
quantitative genetics to dissect the fungal-fungal interaction between lecanicillium verticillium and the white button mushroom agaricus bisporus.	lecanicillium fungicola (formerly verticillium fungicola) is responsible for dry bubble disease in the white button mushroom agaricus bisporus. selection for resistance to this pathogen raises an important challenge for mushroom breeders. we have investigated the inheritance of resistance to dry bubble under artificial inoculation in three independent experiments, using a progeny of 89 hybrids derived from an intervarietal a. bisporus var. bisporus×a. bisporus var. burnettii cross. overall, phen ...	2011	21530924
crystallization and preliminary x-ray crystallographic analysis of tyrosinase from the mushroom agaricus bisporus.	tyrosinase catalyzes the conversion of tyrosine to dihydroxyphenylalanine quinone, which is the main precursor for the biosynthesis of melanin. the enzyme from agaricus bisporus, the common button mushroom, was purified and crystallized in two different space groups. crystals belonging to space group p2(1) (unit-cell parameters a = 104.2, b = 105.0, c = 119.1 å, β = 110.6°, four molecules per asymmetric unit) diffracted to 3.0 å resolution. crystals belonging to space group p2(1)2(1)2 (unit-cell ...	2011	21543865
mixed-type inhibition of tyrosinase from agaricus bisporus by terephthalic acid: computational simulations and kinetics.	tyrosinase inhibition studies are needed due to the agricultural and medicinal applications. for probing effective inhibitors of tyrosinase, a combination of computational prediction and enzymatic assay via kinetics were important. we predicted the 3d structure of tyrosinase from agaricus bisporus, used a docking algorithm to simulate binding between tyrosinase and terephthalic acid (tpa) and studied the reversible inhibition of tyrosinase by tpa. simulation was successful (binding energies for ...	2011	21562848
crystal structure of agaricus bisporus mushroom tyrosinase: identity of the tetramer subunits and interaction with tropolone.	tyrosinase catalyzes the conversion of phenolic compounds into their quinone derivatives, which are precursors for the formation of melanin, a ubiquitous pigment in living organisms. because of its importance for browning reactions in the food industry, the tyrosinase from the mushroom agaricus bisporus has been investigated in depth. in previous studies the tyrosinase enzyme complex was shown to be a h(2)l(2) tetramer, but no clues were obtained of the identities of the subunits, their mode of ...	2011	21598903
alternative medicine safety: agaricus blazei and propolis.	all medicines pose a potential health risk, be they eastern or western medicines. newly developed western drugs must undergo rigorous testing to ensure their efficacy and safety, while with eastern drugs, safety has generally been established because of their long histories of safe usage as traditional medicines. the regulation of western medicines is much stronger than that of eastern medicines, partly as pure chemicals are used and their effects and side effects are more likely to be acute. ea ...	2011	21599627
genome organization and transcription response to harvest of two metallothionein-like genes in agaricus bisporus fruiting bodies.	metallothioneins are a class of small cysteine-rich proteins that have been associated with increased tolerance to metal and oxidative stresses in animals, plants, and fungi. we investigated a metallothionein-like (mt-like) gene shown previously to be upregulated in fruiting bodies of the fungus agaricus bisporus in response to post-harvest storage. analysis of an a. bisporus genomic dna cosmid library identified two similar mt-like genes (met1 and met2) arranged as a bidirectional gene pair tra ...	2011	21617341
differential effects of shiitake- and white button mushroom-supplemented diets on hepatic steatosis in c57bl/6 mice.	shiitake mushrooms (sms) have been used in asia for treatment and/or prevention of chronic diseases and hypercholesterolemia. previously, we observed a diet supplemented with 5% sm resulted in a twofold increase in plasma il-6 levels in dba arthritic mice. an elevation in plasma il-6 has also been implicated in the pathogenesis fatty liver disease. thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of sm supplemented-diet on hepatic steatosis. in study 1, eight-week old female c57bl/6 mic ...	2011	21925564
biophysical properties of chitosan/sirna polyplexes: profiling the polymer/sirna interactions and bioactivity.	chitosans are naturally occurring polymers widely used in life science to mediate intracellular uptake of nucleic acids such as sirna. four chitosans of fungal origin (agaricus bisporus; molecular weights mw=44, 63, 93 and 143kda) were used in this study and profiled for size, viscosity and hydrodynamic radius using gel permeation chromatography (gpc). polyplexes made of these chitosans and sirna were developed and optimized for transfection efficacy in vitro. the characteristics of these polypl ...	2011	21884740
the medicinal agaricus mushroom cultivated in brazil: biology, cultivation and non-medicinal valorisation.	sun mushroom is a cultivated mushroom extensively studied for its medicinal properties for several years and literature abounds on the topic. besides, agronomical aspects were investigated in brazil, the country the mushroom comes from, and some studies focus on the biology of the fungus. this review aimed to present an overview of the non-medicinal knowledge on the mushroom. areas of commercial production and marketing trends are presented. its specific fragrance, taste, nutritional value and p ...	2011	22005742
Chemical composition and nutritional value of the most widely appreciated cultivated mushrooms: An inter-species comparative study.	Herein, it was reported and compared the chemical composition and nutritional value of the most consumed species as fresh cultivated mushrooms: Agaricus bisporus (white and brown mushrooms), Pleurotus ostreatus (oyster mushroom), Pleurotus eryngii (King oyster mushroom), Lentinula edodes (Shiitake) and Flammulina velutipes (Golden needle mushroom). Shiitake revealed the highest levels of macronutrients, unless proteins, as also the highest sugars, tocopherols and PUFA levels, and the lowest SFA ...	2011	22056333
Diversity in the ability of Agaricus bisporus wild isolates to fruit at high temperature (25°C).	The button mushroom Agaricus bisporus commercially cultivated requires 16-19 °C during the fruiting period. Wild strains are also present in natural habitat, and in light of their wide range of geographic distribution reported, from boreal region to tropical region, questions on the development adaptation to temperature arose. Isolates from various geographic areas were screened for their ability to fruit at higher temperature (FHT ability) than commercial cultivars. The FHT trait discriminated ...	2011	22036296
First Preliminary Report on Isolation and Characterization of Novel Acinetobacter spp. in Casing Soil Used for Cultivation of Button Mushroom, Agaricus bisporus (Lange) Imbach.	Despite evaluation of large number of agroindustrial wastes for their use as casing material for Agaricus bisporus (Lange) Imbach cultivation, scant attention has been given to the importance of biological properties of casing materials. In the present study, an attempt was made to characterize the bacterial flora in casing layer, namely, Farm Yard Manure (FYM) and Spent Mushroom Substrate/spent compost (SMS/SC) (FYM+SC, 3?:?1) and FYM and Vermi Compost (VC) (FYM+VC, 3?:?1), employing partial 16 ...	2011	22007222
Long-Distance Translocation of Protein during Morphogenesis of the Fruiting Body in the Filamentous Fungus, Agaricus bisporus.	Commercial cultivation of the mushroom fungus, Agaricus bisporus, utilizes a substrate consisting of a lower layer of compost and upper layer of peat. Typically, the two layers are seeded with individual mycelial inoculants representing a single genotype of A. bisporus. Studies aimed at examining the potential of this fungal species as a heterologous protein expression system have revealed unexpected contributions of the mycelial inoculants in the morphogenesis of the fruiting body. These contri ...	2011	22163014
Dietary intake of Agaricus bisporus white button mushroom accelerates salivary immunoglobulin A secretion in healthy volunteers.	OBJECTIVE: Secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) acts as the first line of adaptive humoral immune defense at mucosal surfaces. A lack of SIgA or the inability to produce antigen-specific SIgA can lead to an increased risk of infections. Dietary intake may improve mucosal immunity by accelerating SIgA secretion. This study investigated the effect of dietary intake of Agaricus bisporus white button mushroom (WBM) on salivary IgA (sIgA) secretion in healthy subjects. METHODS: Twenty-four healthy volun ...	2011	22113068
kinetics and thermodynamics of the thermal inactivation of polyphenol oxidase in an aqueous extract from agaricus bisporus.	the kinetics and thermodynamics of the thermal inactivation of polyphenol oxidase (ppo) in an aqueous extract from mushroom agaricus bisporus (j.e. lange) imbach was studied, using pyrocatechol as a substrate. optimal conditions for enzymatic studies were determined to be ph 7.0 and 35-40 °c. the kinetics of ppo-catalyzed oxidation of pyrocatechol followed the haldane model with an optimum substrate concentration of 20 mm. thermal inactivation of ppo was examined in more detail between 50 and 73 ...	2011	22148350
nutritional characteristics of proteins from the volva and pileus in cultivated mushroom dictyophora rubrovolvata.	dictyophora rubrovolvata is one of the commercially important mushroom species in china. however, its volva and pileus account for about 65% of the whole mushroom (by fresh weight), and most of them are dumped without utilization. to effectively utilize the waste, the present study determined their proximate composition and investigated the nutritional characteristics of their proteins via the analysis of amino acid composition and protein fractionation. the results showed that the volva and pil ...	2011	21284496
structure of a lectin with antitumoral properties in king bolete (boletus edulis) mushrooms.	a novel lectin has been isolated from the fruiting bodies of the common edible mushroom boletus edulis (king bolete, penny bun, porcino or cep) by affinity chromatography on a chitin column. we propose for the lectin the name bel (b. edulis lectin). bel inhibits selectively the proliferation of several malignant cell lines and binds the neoplastic cell-specific t-antigen disaccharide, galß1-3galnac. the lectin was structurally characterized: the molecule is a homotetramer and the 142-amino acid ...	2011	21303815
the bioavailability of ergothioneine from mushrooms (agaricus bisporus) and the acute effects on antioxidant capacity and biomarkers of inflammation.	background: ergothioneine (et) is a sulfur containing amino acid that functions as an antioxidant. mushrooms are a primary source of et containing from 0.4 to 2.0mg/g (dry-weight). the bioavailability of et from mushrooms in humans remains unclear. objective: we evaluated the bioavailability of et in healthy men (n=10) in a pilot study, using a randomized, cross-over, dose-response, postprandial time-course design, conducted at the general clinical research center at pennsylvania state universit ...	2011	22230474
evaluation of indigenous potent mushroom growth promoting bacteria (mgpb) on agaricus bisporus production.	mushrooms such as agaricus bisporus, are cultivated for food worldwide. fruit body initiation in agaricus bisporus is a phase change from the vegetative to the reproductive stage which depends on the presence of a casing layer with particular physical, chemical and microbiological properties. the phase change is achieved practically by environmental manipulation and the presence of naturally occurring bacteria such as pseuodomonas putida. in this study, 274 individual bacterial isolates were col ...	2011	22806784
storage and preservation of temperate mushroom cultures, agaricus bisporus and pleurotus florida.	two temperate mushroom cultures namely agaricus bisporus (u-3) and pleurotus florida (pau-5) were evaluated for their physiological (linear growth and biomass production), biochemical (β-1,4 endoglucanase production) and fruiting behaviour after preservation in 10% (v/v) glycerol and storage at room temperature (25-35°c), -20°c and -196°c for 6 months with the objective of establishing the recovery/changes in these fungi after storage. studies indicated that the viability and recovery of a. bisp ...	2011	22654171
the cultivation of the mushroom agaricus bisporus (champignon): micro-organisms and preservability.	cultivation of agaricus bisporus mushrooms requires the use of substrates that are potentially dangerous from the microbiological point of view, such as chicken and horse manure. microorganisms can pose risks to consumers and workers, and generate lower profits. packaging of fresh mushrooms with impermeable films is used to extend their shelf life but creates anaerobic and humidity conditions that could favour the growth of microorganisms such as listeria monocytogenes and clostridium botulinum. ...	2011	22508614
bioremediation of fungicides by spent mushroom substrate and its associated microflora.	experiments were conducted both under in vitro and in situ conditions to determine the biodegradation potential of button mushroom spent substrate (sms) and its dominating microbes (fungi and bacteria) for carbendazim and mancozeb, the commonly used agricultural fungicides. during 6 days of incubation at 30 ± 2°c under broth culture conditions, highest degradation of carbendazim (17.45%) was recorded with b-1 bacterial isolate, while highest degradation of mancozeb (18.05%) was recorded with tri ...	2011	22282605