Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| water relations, temperature, and growth of wheat grown with magnets. | plant water potential, osmotic potential, stomatal resistance, leaf temperature, soil temperature, height, dry weight, and nutrient composition of winter wheat (triticum aestivum l. em. thell. 'osage') grown with electromagnets 10 cm long were measured to determine the effect of magnets on water relations, temperature, and growth. plants grew in 15-cm diameter pots in a growth room for 44 days with the magnets, which had 0, 5, 15, 25, 50, 125, or 250 ampere-turns. plants grown with few ampere-tu ... | 1982 | 7100386 |
| studies on the secondary structure of wheat 5.8 s rrna. conformational changes in the a + u-rich stem during ribosome assembly. | the nucleotide sequence of wheat (triticum aestivum) 5.8-s ribosomal rna has been re-examined using partial chemical degradation with high-temperature sequencing gels and oligonucleotide analysis. the results clarify previously ambiguous residues and add two additional nucleotides, g127 and g135, to the sequence. estimates of the secondary structure suggest that 5.8-s rrnas of higher plants differ from previous examples in having more open g + c-rich and a + u-rich stems. s1 ribonuclease digesti ... | 1982 | 7060553 |
| the properties of transketolase from photosynthetic tissue. | transketolase (e.c. 2.2.1.1.) has been partially purified from wheat (triticum aestivum, cv. sappo) and spinach (spinacia oleracea) leaves. the fully-active enzyme is a tetramer of relative molecular mass (mr) of 150 kmr requiring thiamin pyrophosphate for maximal activity, and dissociating into a 74 kmr dimer in its absence or in dilute solution. the chloroplastic transketolase (over 75% of the cellular total) is magnesium-stimulated but the cytosolic form is magnesium-insensitive. both chlorop ... | 1982 | 24271866 |
| pyruvate orthophosphate dikinase from the immature grains of cereal grasses. | pyruvate orthophosphate dikinase has been identified in the green grains of eight cereal grasses, most of which are classified as c(3) plants. the wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv. lerma rojo) grain enzyme was further investigated: activity was low in very young grains, increased to a maximum at about 25 days after anthesis, then returned to a low level as the grain matured. it appeared to be located in the aleurone layer. a procedure was developed for obtaining partially purified preparations of ... | 1982 | 16662187 |
| anther culture of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) f1's and their reciprocal crosses. | anthers from three sets of wheat (triticum aestivum l. em. thell) f1's and their reciprocal crosses, made between parental lines differing greatly in their ability to produce microspore derived callus, were cultured on the chinese potato medium so that we could 1) more clearly define the role of nuclear or cytoplasmic factors within t. aestivum in transferring the ability to undergo in vitro androgenesis, and 2) to briefly review the gametic representation and disease screening potential of the ... | 1982 | 24270565 |
| use of lectins for detection of glycoconjugates in the glandular cells of the human bronchial mucosa. | paraffin-embedded human bronchial biopsies, obtained in macroscopically healthy areas, were examined using nine peroxidase-bound lectins. these were either isolated or purified by affinity column chromatography (ulex europeus, triticum vulgare, glycine max, and arachis hypogatea lectins) or commercial preparations (lotus tetragonolobus, canavalia ensiformis, helix pomatia, phaseolus vulgaris, and lens culinaris lectins) and conjugated to peroxidase (except for concanavalin a). these labeled lect ... | 1982 | 7130674 |
| effects of gliadin-derived peptides from bread and durum wheats on small intestine cultures from rat fetus and coeliac children. | peptic-tryptic-cotazym (ptc) digests were obtained, simulating in vivo protein digestion, from albumin, globulin, gliadin and glutenin preparations from hexaploid (bread) wheat as well as from diploid (monococcum) and tetraploid (durum) wheat gliadins. the digest from bread wheat gliadins reversibly inhibited in vitro development and morphogenesis of small intestine from 17-day-old rat fetuses, whereas all the other digests (obtained both from nongliadin fractions and from gliadins from other wh ... | 1982 | 7155669 |
| significance of plant metabolism in the mutagenicity and toxicity of pesticides. | in an attempt to gain an overall estimate for the influence of plant metabolism on environmental mutagenesis, the mutagenicity of an assortment of agricultural pesticide preparations in the salmonella bio-assay was evaluated using both rat liver s9 and plant enzyme homogenates as activating systems. the study indicates that plant metabolism can alter the results of this short-term mutagenicity test: some compounds which are non mutagenic in the salmonella bio-assay (e.g. diquat) give positive re ... | 1982 | 7172099 |
| in vitro synthesis and processing of wheat alpha-amylase : translation of gibberellic acid-induced wheat aleurone layer rna by wheat germ and xenopus laevis oocyte systems. | wheat (triticum aestivum) rna was used to program synthesis of the alpha-amylase protein by xenopus laevis oocytes. a 41,500-dalton protein was made which was identified as alpha-amylase by immunoprecipitation with rabbit anti-alpha-amylase antiserum raised against the purified wheat protein and by its co-migration with authentic alpha-amylase on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels. synthesis of alpha-amylase was dependent upon injection of rna extracted from gibberellic acid-induced aleu ... | 1982 | 16662149 |
| effect of basf 13-338, a substituted pyridazinone, on lipid metabolism in leaf tissue of spinach, pea, linseed, and wheat. | a substituted pyridazinone (basf 13-338) inhibited photosynthesis in spinach (spinacia oleracea, hybrid 102 arthur yates ltd.) leaf discs and reduced the incorporation of [1-(14)c]acetate into trienoic acids of diacylgalactosylglycerol while causing radioactivity to accumulate in diacylgalac-tosylglycerol dienoic acids. although basf 13-338 inhibited photosynthesis in isolated spinach chloroplasts, it did not prevent dienoate desaturation. in discs, the labeling of fatty acids was affected by th ... | 1982 | 16662484 |
| effect of photosynthesis and carbohydrate status on respiratory rates and the involvement of the alternative pathway in leaf respiration. | in spinach (spinacia oleracea hybrid 102 [new world seeds]) and wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv gabo) leaves, o(2) uptake rates in the dark were faster after the plants had been allowed to photosynthesize for a period of several hours. alternative path activity also increased following a period of photosynthesis in these leaves. no such effects were observed with isolated mitochondria. in spinach and wheat leaves, the level of fructose plus glucose decreased during a period of darkness. in pea (p ... | 1983 | 16663051 |
| de novo synthesis of 3'-nucleotidase in germinating wheat embryo. | the enzyme 3'-amp nucleotidase was purified 2,500- to 5,000-fold from extracts of an acetone powder of wheat (triticum aestivum) embryonic axes germinated for 40 hours. sodium dodecyl sulfate acrylamide gel electrophoresis and chromatography on biogel-p100 indicate that the enzyme is monomeric with a molecular weight of 39,000. extracts of embryos germinated up to 6 hours have only 1% of the 40-hour level of enzyme activity. to see if the increase to 40 hours represents de novo synthesis, extrac ... | 1983 | 16662820 |
| role of sucrose-phosphate synthase in partitioning of carbon in leaves. | variations in leaf starch accumulation were observed among four species (wheat [triticum aestivum l.], soybean [glycine max l. merr.], tobacco [nicotiana tabacum l.], and red beet [beta vulgaris l.]), nine peanut (arachis hypogea l.) cultivars, and two specific peanut genotypes grown under different nutritional regimes. among the genotypes tested, the activity of sucrose phosphate synthase was correlated negatively with leaf sucrose content in seven of the nine peanut cultivars as well as the tw ... | 1983 | 16662913 |
| a microapparatus for liquid hydrogen fluoride solvolysis: sugar and amino sugar composition of erysiphe graminis and triticum aestivum cell walls. | the assembly and use of a simple and safe apparatus for hf solvolysis of microgram amounts of cell walls, polysaccharides, or glycoproteins are described. using this apparatus the cell wall composition of erysiphe graminis was compared with that of its wheat host. the hf solvolysis combined with tfa posthydrolysis considerably increased sugar yields compared with tfa hydrolysis alone, due mainly to increased yields of glucose from wheat, and glucosamine from erysiphe, corresponding to cellulose ... | 1983 | 6846800 |
| lectin histochemistry of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced rat colon neoplasia. | lectins linked to fluorescein were used as carbohydrate probes to examine the goblet cell mucin and epithelial cell surface glycoconjugate alterations in an experimental rodent model of colonic neoplasia induced with parenteral 1,2-dimethylhydrazine dihydrochloride. lectins derived from triticum vulgare (wga), ricinus communis (rca1), and limulus polyphemus (lpa) showed reduced labeling of goblet cell mucin in these tumors, while binding with peanut lectin from arachis hypogaea (pna), a lectin o ... | 1983 | 6688437 |
| cytochemical localization of small intestinal glycoconjugates by lectin histochemistry in controls and subjects with cystic fibrosis. | human mucosal glycoconjugates were examined in normal small intestinal biopsies from five control subjects using six different fluorescein-conjugated lectins: triticum vulgare agglutinin (wga), ulex europaeus agglutinin i (uea1), ricinus communis agglutinin i (rca1), glycin max-soy bean agglutinin (sba), dolichus biflorus agglutinin (dba), and arachis hypogaea peanut agglutinin (pna). these plant agglutinins bind to specific nonreducing end-terminal carbohydrate residues. only the lectins derive ... | 1983 | 6188589 |
| pregnancy-related changes in the mouse oviduct and uterus revealed by differential binding of fluoresceinated lectins. | the binding of 20 fluorescein isothiocyanate (fitc)-labeled lectins to various portions of the pregnant and non-pregnant murine oviduct and uterus was studied by fluorescence microscopy. five lectins (from ricinus communis (rca-i), maclura pomifera (mpa), triticum vulgare (wheat germ-wga), bauhinia purpurea (bpa), and ulex europeus (uea-i] reacted differentially with the epithelium of pregnant as compared with the non-pregnant uterus. the binding of rca-i, mpa and wga delineated pregnancy-relate ... | 1983 | 6418694 |
| fractionation and characterization of histones from barley (hordeum vulgare) leaves : existence of multiple h2a and h2b variants. | histones were extracted from purified nuclei isolated from four cereals,viz. barley (hordeum vulgare), wheat(triticum aestivum), aegilops squarrosa and corn (zea mais), and from tobacco (nicotiana tabacum). analysis of the histones on sds gels showed complex electrophoretic patterns with one species of both h3 and h4, one to three species of h1 and two to five species of h2. judged from the electrophoretic patterns, the histones from barley, wheat and aegilops are identical but different from th ... | 1983 | 24318303 |
| inhibition of pitted morning glory (ipomoea lacunosa l.) and certain other weed species by phytotoxic components of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) straw. | this study was conducted to determine if well-known phytotoxic effects of plant residues on crop growth could also be responsible for observed reductions of certain weed species in no-till cropping systems. an aqueous extract of field-grown wheat (triticum aestivum l.) reduced the germination and root length of pitted morning glory (ipomoea lacunosa l.) and common ragweed (ambrosia artemisiifolia l.). phytotoxicity was increased by about 70% when bioassays with the wheat extract on morning glory ... | 1983 | 24407798 |
| differential uptake of mercury vapor by gramineous c(3) and c(4) plants. | the uptake of mercury vapor by six gramineous plant species was compared under uniform conditions using a whole-plant chamber and (203)hg-labeled mercury at a low atmospheric concentration. mean hg uptake by leaves of the c(3) species oats (avena sativa), barley (hordeum vulgare), and wheat (triticum aestivum) was 5 times greater than that by leaves of the c(4) species corn (zea mays), sorghum (sorghum bicolor), and crabgrass (digitaria sanguinalis). although there was a difference in resistance ... | 1983 | 16663117 |
| allelopathic potential of wild oat (avena fatua) on spring wheat (triticum aestivum) growth. | wild oat plants may produce toxic substances that suppress the growth and development of desirable species, thus accounting for severe yield loss in infested fields. the purpose of this study was to determine the allelopathic potential of wild oat (avena fatua) on the growth of spring wheat (triticum aestivum var. fieldwin) in the absence of plant competition. wild oat and spring wheat plants were grown separately in 250-ml beakers in a sand medium. root exudates were extracted from wild oat med ... | 1983 | 24407814 |
| isolation and characterization of dna sequences from triticum aestivum which function as origins of replication in saccharomyces cerevisiae. | recombinant yip5 plasmids with the dna from triticum aestivum are capable of autonomous replication in saccharomyces cerevisiae. the ura transformants are unstable without selection pressure, and transformation of yeast cells with these plasmids occurs at high frequency. the cloned sequences were characterized and analyzed to state their belonging to triticum tribe. | 1983 | 24258044 |
| purification and characterization of an iminopeptidase from the primary leaf of wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | iminopeptidase (ec 3.4.11.5) was substantially purified from the primary leaves of 7-day-old wheat seedlings (triticum aestivum l.). the purification procedure consisted of five steps: acid precipitation, molecular exclusion chromatography on sephacryl s-200, ultrogel aca 44, sepharose 2b and ion-exchange chromatography on deae-cellulose. iminopeptidase isolated in this manner was only active against the beta-naphthylamides of proline and hydroxyproline. for each substrate, the ph optimum was 7. ... | 1983 | 16663327 |
| control of lectins in triticum aestivum and aegilops umbellulata by homoeologous group 1 chromosomes. | each of the three genomes in hexaploid wheat controls the expression of a specific lectin in the embryo. the chromosomes which control their synthesis were determined using nullisomic-tetrasomic and inter-varietal chromosome substitution lines of 'chinese spring'. all three wheat lectins were shown to be controlled by the homoeologous group 1 chromosomes. using ditelosomic lines of 'chinese spring' the lectin genes could be localized on the long arms of chromosomes 1a and 1d. inter-specific addi ... | 1983 | 24258480 |
| pyruvate orthophosphate dikinase in wheat leaves. | pyruvate orthophosphate dikinase (ppdk) was found in wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv cheyenne [ci 8885]) leaves both by activity assays and by the protein blot method. the specific activity of the wheat enzyme is comparable to that of ppdk from maize leaves. of the total soluble protein in wheat leaves, about 0.05% was ppdk, comparable to the amount in the immature wheat seed and about 1/70th the amount found in mesophyll cells of maize. immunoprecipitation of wheat ppdk with maize enzyme antiser ... | 1983 | 16663312 |
| effects of abscisic acid and ethylene on the gibberellic acid-induced synthesis of alpha-amylase by isolated wheat aleurone layers. | gibberellic acid-induced alpha-amylase synthesis in wheat aleurone layers (triticum aestivum l. var potam s-70) escaped from transcriptional control 30 h after addition of the hormone, as evidenced by the tissue's loss of susceptibility to cordycepin. abscisic acid inhibited the accumulation of alpha-amylase activity when added to the tissue during this cordycepin-insensitive phase of enzyme induction. alpha-amylase synthesis was not restored by the addition of cordycepin, indicating that the re ... | 1983 | 16663284 |
| inhibition of photosynthesis by carbohydrates in wheat leaves. | the rate of net co(2) assimilation of mature wheat (triticum aestivum l.) leaves in ambient air (21% o(2), 340 microbars co(2)) declined with time of illumination at temperatures lower than 25 degrees c, but not at higher temperatures, and the rate of decline increased when maintained in air with higher co(2) concentration (700-825 microbars). in this latter case, the decline in the rate of net co(2) assimilation also occurred at high temperatures. stomatal conductance also declined with time in ... | 1983 | 16663282 |
| thylakoid protein kinase activity and associated control of excitation energy distribution during chloroplast biogenesis in wheat. | the activity of thylakoid protein kinase and the regulation of excitation energy distribution between photosystems i and ii was examined during chloroplast biogenesis in light-grown triticum aestivum (wheat) leaves. the specific activity of the thylakoid protein kinase decreased some six-fold during development from the young plastids at the base of the 7-d-old leaf to the mature chloroplasts at the leaf tip. appreciable activity was also detected in plastids isolated from etiolated leaves. in m ... | 1983 | 24258136 |
| genetic control of shikimate dehydrogenase in hexaploid wheat. | the genetics of shikimate dehydrogenase (skdh; ec 1.1.1.25) was investigated in triticum aestivum cv chinese spring (2n = 6x = 42; genomic formula abd) using the zymogram technique. the enzyme occurs in two electrophoretically distinct forms on starch gels. the results of a study of aneuploid derivatives of chinese spring indicate that the skdh isozyme of faster electrophoretic mobility is encoded by a gene, designated skdh-a1, located in the p (= short) arm of chromosome 5a and that the product ... | 1983 | 6362657 |
| abscisic acid-induced freezing resistance in cultured plant cells. | the effect of abscisic acid (aba) on the cold hardiness of cell suspension was investigated. cell suspension cultures of winter wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv norstar), winter rye (secale cereale l. cv cougar), and bromegrass bromo inermis leyss treated with 7.5 x 10(-5) molar aba for 4 days at 20 degrees c could tolerate -30 degrees c, whereas the control cultures tolerated only -7 to -8 degrees c. the optimum concentration for increasing the cold hardiness of the cultures was 7.5 x 10(-5) mola ... | 1983 | 16663189 |
| exploitation of allelopathy for weed control in annual and perennial cropping systems. | a variety of crops, cultivars, and accessions have been evaluated over the past six years for superior capability to suppress weed growth. the most successful of these approaches has been to grow cover crops of rye (secale cereale), wheat (triticum aestivum), sorghum (sorghum bicolor), or barley (hordeum vulgare) to a height of 40-50 cm, desiccate the crops by contact herbicides or freezing, and allow their residues to remain on the soil surface. often, up to 95% control of important agroecosyst ... | 1983 | 24407796 |
| regulation of swelling of etiolated-wheat-leaf protoplasts by phytochrome and gibberellic acid. | the effect of light on the size of intact protoplasts isolated from the primary leaves of etiolated triticum aestivum was studied. a 2-min red-light irradiation in the presence of 1 mm kcl was sufficient to cause a swelling of protoplasts compared with those maintained in darkness. the effect was photoreversible by far-red light over two light cycles, indicating the involvement of phytochrome. at 4°c, escape from reversibility occurred between 2 and 5 min after the exposure to red light. in expo ... | 1983 | 24264850 |
| implication of triticum searsii as the b-genome donor to wheat using dna hybridizations. | in vitro dna:dna hybridizations and hydroxyapatite thermal chromatography were employed to help identify the species ancestral to the b genome of the polyploid wheats. we hybridized 3h-triticum aestivum dna to the unlabeled dnas of t. urartu, t. speltoides, t. sharonensis, t. bicorne, t. longissimum, and t. searsii, 3h-labeled dna of t. urartu was hybridized with the dna of a synthetic tetraploid. aadd. the heteroduplex thermal stabilities indicated that t. searsii was most closely related to t. ... | 1983 | 6626143 |
| nuclear dna content and the control of chloroplast replication in wheat leaves. | during development of the first leaf of breadwheat (triticum aestivum l.) the number of chloroplasts per mesophyll cell increases between three- and four-fold. to establish if chloroplast replication is accompanied by endoreduplication, the nuclear dna content of the cells was determined by chemical assay of isolated nuclei from mesophyll protoplasts and by microdensitometry of nuclei in mesophyll tissue. the dna content of the nuclei was constant (27 to 32 pg) at each phase of chloroplast repli ... | 1983 | 24264273 |
| the relationship between the rht 1 and rht 2 dwarfing genes and grain weight in triticum aestivum l. spring wheat. | the study was carried out in the first year on samples of random f5 lines, uniform in height and in heading date, of three crosses between semi dwarf spring wheat cultivars (triticum aestivum l.), differing in grain weight and in their rht gene. in the second year only the progenies of the early heading f5 lines were studied. all the material was grown in the absence of lodging. the culm-length genotypes of the different lines were identified by test crosses and by a seedling ga response test. n ... | 1983 | 24263770 |
| new hybrids between agropyron and wheat : 2. production, morphology and cytogenetic analysis of f1 hybrids and backcross derivatives. | intergeneric hybrids of triticum aestivum (2n=42,aabbdd) with agropyron ciliare (2n= 28,ssyy), a. trachycaulum (2n=28,sshh), a. yezoense (2n=28,ssyy) and a. scirpeum (2n=28) are reported for the first time. f1 hybrids of t. aestivum were also produced with a. intermedium (2n=42,e1e1e2e2z1z1) and a. junceum (2n=14,juju). all wheat-agropyron hybrids were obtained by embryo rescue technique. cultivars and reciprocal crosses differed for seed set, seed development and f1 plant production. the f1 hyb ... | 1983 | 24263763 |
| the response of anther culture to culture temperature in triticum aestivum. | the response of anther culture to culture temperature was studied in detail using many varieties, f1 hybrids and pollen-derived lines of wheat (triticum aestivum) as materials. the suitable culture temperature for inducing pollen callus (or embryoids) in wheat anther culture ranged from 26 °c to 30 °c, varying with genotypes. but for the great majority of wheat genotypes the suitable culture temperatures lay between 28 °c and 30°c. the most significant genotypic variation in the response to cult ... | 1983 | 24263762 |
| genetic control of endosperm proteins in wheat : 2. variation in high molecular weight glutenin and gliadin subunits of triticum aestivum. | endosperm protein subunits of 109 primitive and modern lines of hexaploid wheat, triticum aestivum l. em. thell., were fractionated by one-dimensional, high resolution, sodium dodecyl sulphate (sds) polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (page). a wide range of both qualitative and quantitative variation was observed in the fractions of the high molecular weight (hmw) glutenin and gliadin subunits of the different lines. the qualitative variation was expressed in the number of subunits per fraction ... | 1983 | 24263634 |
| responses of alloplasmic (cytoplasm=triticum timopheevii) and euplasmic wheats (triticum aestivum) to photoperiod and vernalization. | studies were conducted to determine the influence of the male sterility-inducing cytoplasm of triticum timopheevii (zhuk.) zhuk. on response of several common winter wheat (t. aestivum l.) nuclear genotypes to photoperiod and vernalization. comparative studies of cytoplasmic substitution lines provide information on the role of the cytoplasmic genetic mechanism in growth and development. in the case of cytoplasmic male sterility-based hybrid production systems, ubiquity of sterility-inducing cyt ... | 1983 | 24263632 |
| regulation of sucrose synthesis by cytoplasmic fructosebisphosphatase and sucrose phosphate synthase during photosynthesis in varying light and carbon dioxide. | the aim of this work was to investigate whether sucrose synthesis in the cytosol of leaf cells is regulated in response to the supply of energy and organic carbon from the chloroplast. fluxes into sucrose and metabolite levels in wheat (triticum aestivum var timmo) leaf protoplasts were compared in a range of light intensities and co(2) concentrations, showing that sucrose-phosphate synthase and the cytosolic fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase are inhibited in situ when the supply of triosep from the c ... | 1983 | 16663083 |
| provisions of reductant for the hydroxypyruvate to glycerate conversion in leaf peroxisomes : a critical evaluation of the proposed malate/aspartate shuttle. | a series of experiments, with secale cereale and triticum aestivum var argee, to evaluate critically the ability of a malate/aspartate shuttle to provide reducing equivalents to drive hydroxypyruvate reduction to glycerate led to the conclusion that the shuttle, as previously envisioned, does not supply nadh to the peroxisomal matrix. first, analysis of coupled malate dehydrogenase and glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase activities in the directions required for intraperoxisomal nadh generation ... | 1983 | 16663075 |
| the amino-acid sequence of a purothionin from triticum monococcum, a diploid wheat. | purothionins were extracted and purified from the diploid wheat triticum monococcum. two proteins were obtained, one of which was present in only very small amounts. the major purothionin of t. monococcum was sequenced and it had an amino acid sequence identical with that of the beta-purothionin of triticum aestivum (hexaploid bread wheat). it is known that t. monococcum contains the wheat a genome, so the structural gene coding for the beta-purothionin must comprise a part of the a genome. ther ... | 1983 | 6861746 |
| membrane properties of isolated winter wheat cells in relation to icing stress. | isolated cell preparations of winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) were utilized to examine the effect of ice encasement at -1 degrees c and exposure to ethanol on metabolic and biochemical properties of cells. following icing and ethanol treatments, passive efflux of amino acids increased gradually with duration of exposure to the stress, and closely paralleled the decline in viability of cells. in contrast, uptake of (86)rb declined much more rapidly than viability following exposure to icing o ... | 1983 | 16663038 |
| early growth of wheat embryonic axes and the synthesis of rna and dna. | the requirement for the synthesis of rna and dna in early germination of wheat (triticum aestivum var newana) embryonic axes has been studied by incubating embryos in the presence of appropriate inhibitors and monitoring both embryo growth and the rates of specific metabolic processes. experiments with 5-fluorouridine showed that both rrna and dna synthesis could be curtailed by 60 to 70% without affecting embryo growth to 24 hours. similarly, the presence of mitomycin c and methotrexate inhibit ... | 1983 | 16663013 |
| interactions among flooding, freezing, and ice encasement in winter wheat. | exposure of winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) to various combinations of flooding and freezing stresses induces much greater damage than the individual stresses. cold-hardened plants flooded for 1 week or exposed to -6 degrees c for 1 week show 100% survival, while survival of plants exposed to both stresses simultaneously is reduced by 20 to 30%, and cold hardiness decreases by several degrees. the level of nonstructural carbohydrates increases in crown tissue during cold acclimation, but dec ... | 1983 | 16662997 |
| nitrogen and photosynthesis in the flag leaf of wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv yecora 70) plants were grown with various concentrations of nitrate nitrogen available to the roots. sampling of flag leaves began after they had reached full expansion and continued throughout senescence. rates of gas exchange, ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate (rup(2)) carboxylase activity, and the amounts of chlorophyll, soluble protein, nitrogen, and phosphorus were determined for each flag leaf. rate of co(2) assimilation was uniquely related to total leaf nitrogen ir ... | 1983 | 16662996 |
| changes in 1-(malonylamino)cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid content in wilted wheat leaves in relation to their ethylene production rates and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid content. | in excised wheat (triticum aestivum l.) leaves, water-deficit stress resulted in a rapid increase, followed by a decrease, in ethylene production rates and in the levels of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (acc), the immediate precursor of ethylene. however, the level of n-malonyl-acc (macc), the major metabolite of acc, increased gradually, then leveled off. this increase in macc was much greater than the decrease in acc level. the macc levels were positively correlated with severity of wa ... | 1983 | 24264416 |
| the use of irradiated pollen for differential gene transfer in wheat (triticum aestivum). | the use of irradiated pollen to bring about limited gene transfer in wheat has been investigated. doses of x-rays of 2kr, 3kr and 5kr were used to generate m1 progeny between maternal and paternal genotypes differing in quantitative and major gene characters. cytological studies of m1 plants revealed hybrids with widespread aneuploidy and structural rearrangements in the paternal genome. these effects resulted in phenotypic variation between m1 progeny and complex multivalent formation at meiosi ... | 1983 | 24263337 |
| the molecular basis of genetic diversity among cytoplasms of triticum and aegilops species. ii. on the origin of polyploid wheat cytoplasms as suggested by chloroplast dna restriction fragment patterns. | in attempts to identify the phylogenetic donors of cytoplasm to emmer-dinkel and timopheevi groups of wheat (triticum), and the aegilops kotschyi-ae. variabilis complex, the restriction fragment patterns of chloroplast dnas of representative species were compared with those of their putative diploid ancestors. the following seven restriction enzymes were used; bamhi, ecori, hindiii, kpni, psti, smai and xhoi. the restriction fragment patterns of an emmer and a dinkel (common) wheat were identica ... | 1983 | 17246126 |
| regulation of plant acetyl-coa carboxylase by adenylate nucleotides. | the assay of acetyl-coa carboxylase (ec 6.4.1.2) does not follow ideal zero-order kinetics when assayed in a crude extract from wheat (triticum aestivum l.) germ. our results show that the lack of ideality is the consequence of contamination by atpase and adenylate kinase. these enzyme activities generate significant amounts of adp and amp in the assay mixture, thus limiting the availability of atp for the carboxylase reaction. moreover, adp and amp are competitive inhibitors, with respect to at ... | 1983 | 16662980 |
| increasing grain protein content of hard red winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) by mutation breeding. | poor adaptability or functional quality of much germplasm used for breeding high-protein hard red winter wheats prompted mutagenesis as an alternative means of increasing grain protein content. four hard red winter wheat genotypes - ks644 ('triumph// concho/triumph'), 'kaw', 'parker', and 'shawnee' - were treated with 0.40 m ethyl methanesulfonate (ems). advanced lines (m8-m10) were selected that had a 3-year mean grain protein advantage of 0.7% to 2.0% over controls. increased grain protein con ... | 1983 | 24263199 |
| changes in the activities of pyrrolooxygenases during the germination of wheat grains. | porphobilinogen oxygenase, skatole pyrrolooxygenase, and tryptophan pyrrolooxygenase were found in the different parts of germinating wheat (triticum aestivum) grain seedlings. in the embryos of grains germinated for 24 hours, the activities of pbg oxygenase and skatole pyrrolooxygenase were inhibited by a labile inhibitor. tryptophan pyrrolooxygenase activity was not inhibited. embryos of grains germinated for 48 hours showed higher activities for the three enzymes. the latter were also present ... | 1983 | 16662914 |
| pigment analysis of chloroplast pigment-protein complexes in wheat. | pigment-protein complexes separated from wheat (triticum aestivum l. selection nd96-25 by two gel electrophoresis techniques were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography for chlorophylls and carotenoids. the two techniques are compared, and pigment analyses are given for the major reaction centers and light-harvesting complexes. reaction centers contain mostly chlorophyll a, carotene, and lutein, whereas light-harvesting complexes contain chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, lutein, and neox ... | 1983 | 16662906 |
| genetic studies of the crossability of hexaploid wheat with rye and hordeum bulbosum. | crosses of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) group 5 chromosome substitution lines from three different cultivar backgrounds indicate that there may be multiple alleles for reduced crossability with rye (secale cereale l.) and h. bulbosum on both 5a and 5b chromosomes. no reduction in seed set was observed from any of the 5d substitution lines. it was found that the kr1 locus on chromosome 5b had a more pronounced affect on both rye and h. bulbosum crossability than the kr2 locus on chromosome 5a and ... | 1983 | 24265078 |
| translocation of [c]sucrose in wheat. | flag leaves of wheat plants (triticum aestivum l. em. thell. cv ;duke') were supplied with (14)c(glucosyl)sucrose. translocated [(14)c]sucrose was isolated, then hydrolyzed. label appeared in both the hexose moieties indicating that some randomization of label had occurred. however, near the radioactive front essentially all of the (14)c was in the glucose moiety, suggesting that randomization occurred after unloading, supporting the conclusion that sucrose was taken up intact by phloem and tran ... | 1983 | 16662891 |
| reversible inactivation of nitrate reductase by nadh and the occurrence of partially inactive enzyme in the wheat leaf. | nitrate reductase from wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv bindawarra) leaves is inactivated by pretreatment with nadh, in the absence of nitrate, a 50% loss of activity occurring in 30 minutes at 25 degrees c with 10 micromolar nadh. nitrate (50 micromolar) prevented inactivation by 10 micromolar nadh while cyanide (1 micromolar) markedly enhanced the degree of inactivation.a rapid reactivation of nadh-inactivated nitrate reductase occurred after treatment with 0.3 millimolar ferricyanide or exposur ... | 1983 | 16662870 |
| relationship between photosynthesis and respiration: the effect of carbohydrate status on the rate of co(2) production by respiration in darkened and illuminated wheat leaves. | the rate of dark co(2) efflux from mature wheat (triticum aestivum cv gabo) leaves at the end of the night is less than that found after a period of photosynthesis. after photosynthesis, the dark co(2) efflux shows complex dependence on time and temperature. for about 30 minutes after darkening, co(2) efflux includes a large component which can be abolished by transferring illuminated leaves to 3% o(2) and 330 microbar co(2) before darkening. after 30 minutes of darkness, a relatively steady rat ... | 1983 | 16662869 |
| the chromosomal location of malate dehydrogenase isozymes in hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | the malate dehydrogenase (e.c. no 1.1.1. 37) of triticum aestivum l. cv. chinese spring, shows two activity zones. the results obtained support the hypothesis that the malate dehydrogenase isozymes of zone ii are dimers composed of the six possible combinations of subunits coded by triplicate genes located in the long arms of chromosomes of the homoeologous group 1. | 1983 | 24264953 |
| chromosomal location of genes controlling flavonoid production in hexaploid wheat. | two-dimensional paper chromatography was performed on methanol extracts of leaves of hexaploid bread wheat, triticum aestivum l. em. thell. cultivar chinese spring, and of the available nullisomic-tetrasomic compensating lines, the tetrasomic lines and the ditelocentric lines. the chromatograms had 27 spots identified as flavonoids and six representing phenolic acids. some of the areas were complex and contained more than one compound. four flavonoids were identified as under the control of gene ... | 1983 | 17246110 |
| dnase i sensitivity of transcriptionally active genes in intact nuclei and isolated chromatin of plants. | we have investigated the dnase i sensitivity of transcriptionally active dna sequences in intact nuclei and isolated chromatin from embryos of wheat (triticum aestivum l.). nuclei or isolated chromatin was incubated with dnase i, and the extent of dna digestion was monitored as percentage acid solubility. the resistant dna and dna from sham-digested controls were used to drive reassociation reactions with cdna populations corresponding to either total poly(a)+rna from unimbibed wheat embryos or ... | 1983 | 6219388 |
| correlation between gliadin bands. | starch gel electrophoresis of gliadins was carried out for 37 bread wheat cultivars chosen for their distant relationships. simple correlations were calculated between each of the 41 bands (variates) observed with these wheats. it was found that a band is usually negatively correlated with the two neighbouring mobility bands. the number of bands positively or negatively correlated with a given band varies from 2 to 8. taking the bands significantly positively correlated with each-other 32 groups ... | 1983 | 24264877 |
| study of genetic determination of 20 gliadin bands. | study of the genetic determination of the gliadins of two f2 progenies from bread wheat has enabled (1) confirmation of the co-dominant heredity of the presence of these bands in the f1, and (2) determination of the transmission of the presence/absence character for 20 bands. 10 bands are monogenically controlled; 10 others are coded by two pairs of alleles. among the latter 2 bands split into two proteins in 2 dimensional electrophoresis. analysis of the segregations, not taking into considerat ... | 1983 | 24264876 |
| genetic control of endosperm proteins in wheat : 1. the use of high resolution one-dimensional gel electrophoresis for the allocation of genes coding for endosperm protein subunits in the common wheat cultivar chinese spring. | total endosperm protein subunits, extracted from the common wheat cultivar chinese spring and from some of its aneuploid lines, were fractionated according to their molecular weight (mw) in an improved high resolution one-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulphate (sds) polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (page). the resolution obtained by this method and, in particular, that of the high molecular weight (hmw) glutenin and gliadin subunits approached that of a previous report in which two-dimensional fr ... | 1983 | 24264866 |
| nitrogen redistribution during grain growth in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) : iv. development of a quantitative model of the translocation of nitrogen to the grain. | translocation of nitrogen was measured in wheat (triticum aestivium l. cv sun 9e) plants grown without an exogenous supply of nitrogen from the time that the flagleaf began to emerge, and a model of nitrogen translocation was constructed to describe translocation on one day during the linear period of grain growth. nitrogen for grain development was derived entirely by the redistribution of nitrogen from vegetative organs. leaves contributed 40%, glumes 23%, stem 23%, and roots 16% of the nitrog ... | 1983 | 16662801 |
| expression of storage protein genes in developing wheat (triticum aestivum l.) seeds : correlation of rna accumulation and protein synthesis. | ribonucleic acid and protein synthesis in developing wheat kernels have been studied through in vivo labeling of wheat heads in culture. in inia 66r wheat labeled with [5-(3)h]uridine for 24-hour periods between 9 and 33 days after flowering, the total rate of rna accumulation in endosperm/testa pericarp tissues was highest in the youngest seeds, and declined with increasing seed age. in contrast, the rate of accumulation of poly(a)(+) rna approximately doubled between 12 and 15 days after flowe ... | 1983 | 16662795 |
| effect of methionine sulfoximine on the accumulation of ammonia in c(3) and c(4) leaves : the relationship between nh(3) accumulation and photorespiratory activity. | additions of methionine sulfoximine (msx), an inhibitor of glutamine synthetase (gs), result in an increase in nh(3) in seedling leaves of c(3) (wheat [triticum aestivum cv. kolibri] and barley [hordeum vulgare var perth]) and c(4) (corn [zea mays w6a x w182e] and sorghum [sorghum vulgare var mk300]) plants. nh(3) accumulation is higher in c(3) (about 17.8 micromoles per gram fresh weight per hour) than in c(4) (about 4.7 micromoles) leaves. under ideal conditions, when photosynthesis is not yet ... | 1983 | 16662781 |
| the meiotic pairing of nine wheat chromosomes. | the meiotic identification of nine pairs of chromosomes at metaphase i of meiosis of triticum aestivum (b genome, 4a and 7a) has been achieved using a giemsa c-banding technique. as a result, the analysis of the pairing of each chromosome arm in disomic and monosomic intervarietal hybrids between 'chinese spring' and the spanish cultivar 'pané 247' could be carried out. differences in the chiasmata frequencies per chromosome arm cannot be explained on the basis of relative arm lengths only. poss ... | 1984 | 24253711 |
| abscisic acid metabolism in intact wheat seedlings under normal and stress conditions. | metabolism of abscisic acid (aba) was studied in intact seedlings of triticum aestivum during 14 days. (2-(14)c)-aba solution (2.5 × 10(-4) m) was applied to the roots of plants for 24 h; after that plants were further grown in nutrient solution. distribution of radioactivity between aba and its metabolites was investigated in shoots, roots, and remaining seed parts. in whole seedling as well as in different plant parts the level of free aba is decreased rapidly during 3 days after application, ... | 1984 | 23195714 |
| localization of galactolipid biosynthesis in etioplasts isolated from dark-grown wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | etioplasts were isolated from leaves of dark-grown wheat (triticum aestivum l. var starke ii). galactolipid biosynthesis was assayed in an envelope-rich fraction and in the fraction containing the rest of the etioplast membranes by measuring incorporation of (14)c from uridine-diphospho[(14)c]galactose into monogalactosyl diacylglycerol and digalactosyl diacylglycerol. more than half of the galactolipid biosynthetic capability was found in the fraction of inner etioplast membranes. this fraction ... | 1984 | 16663946 |
| a comparison between prolamellar bodies and prothylakoid membranes of etioplasts of dark-grown wheat concerning lipid and polypeptide composition. | the aim of the present investigation was to find factors critical for the co-existence of prolamellar bodies and prothylakoids in etioplasts of wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv starke ii). the lipid composition of the prolamellar body and prothylakoid fractions was qualitatively similar. however, the molar ratio of monogalactosyl diacylglycerol to digalactosyl diacylglycerol was higher in the prolamellar body fraction (1.6 +/- 0.1), as was the lipid content on a protein basis. protochlorophyllide ... | 1984 | 16663945 |
| a computer-assisted examination of the storage protein genetic variation in 841 accessions of triticum dicoccoides. | triticum turgidum l. var. dicoccoides (wild emmer) is an important genetic resource for increasing the protein content of common wheat (triticum aestivum l.). many studies have shown that the presence or absence of bands in sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide (sds-page) electrophoregrams of wheat storage proteins to be of a purely genetic character. a total protein extraction and sds-page technique was used to estimate the storage protein genetic variability among 841 accessions of wild emmer ... | 1984 | 24253627 |
| the influence of (2-chloroethyl)trimethylammoniumchloride (ccc) on growth and photosynthetic metabolism of young wheat plants (triticum aestivum l.). | the influence of (2-chloroethyl)trimethylammoniumchloride on growth and cell metabolism of triticum aestivum var. kolibri was investigated. ccc was added to the nutrient solution on the 11th day of development with a final concentration of 10(-2) mol·1(-1). it immediately stopped root growth and showed a strong inhibitory influence on the growth of the leaves. smaller and fewer cells accounted for the reduction in final leaf size of about 40 %. the content of soluble proteins and soluble reducin ... | 1984 | 23195384 |
| the molecular basis of genetic diversity among cytoplasms of triticum and aegilops. iii. chloroplast genomes of the m and modified m genome-carrying species. | the restriction fragment patterns of chloroplast dnas of all m or modified m genome-carrying aegilops species, and those of common wheat (triticum aestivum), ae. umbellulata and ae. squarrosa as referants, have been analyzed using eight restriction endonucleases, bamhi, ecori, hindiii, kpni, psti, sali, smai and xhoi. nine distinctly different chloroplast genomes are evident, and the mutual relatedness among them is estimated based on the number of different restriction fragments. the results le ... | 1984 | 17246239 |
| effect of water stress on the chloroplast antioxidant system: i. alterations in glutathione reductase activity. | the effect of water stress on glutathione reductase and catalase activities was evaluated in leaf blades of field-grown winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.). wheat was sown at two seeding rates under both irrigated and dryland conditions. flag leaves from dryland plants sown at 60 kilograms/hectare showed no change in either glutathione reductase or catalase activities per unit leaf area, while leaves from the basal portion of the canopy exhibited a 273% increase in glutathione reductase activity ... | 1984 | 16663894 |
| induction of aluminum tolerance in wheat seedlings by low doses of aluminum in the nutrient solution. | preincubation of wheat (triticum aestivum l. thell.) seedlings in a nutrient solution containing low doses of aluminum (0.5 microgram per milliliter for tolerant cultivar atlas 66 and 0.1 microgram per milliliter for the sensitive cultivar grana) enabled substantial root regrowth of varieties grown in a lethal aluminum concentration, despite an increased accumulation of aluminum in root tissue of the pretreated seedlings. the distribution of aluminum in the subcellular fractions remained unchang ... | 1984 | 16663880 |
| chromosomal assignment of genes coding for the wheat gliadin protein components of the cultivars 'cheyenne' and 'chinese spring' by two-dimensional (two-ph) electrophoresis. | the gliadin proteins of the hexaploid bread wheat cultivar 'cheyenne' (triticum aestivum l. var. aestivum), which has good mixing and baking characteristics, were analyzed by 2-dimensional (2-ph) polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (ph 3.2 in the 1st dimension, ph 9.2 in the 2nd). genes for most of the 35 resolved components were assigned to the chromosomes of homoeologous groups 1 and 6 through the use of various aneuploids and substitution lines. a similar analysis was carried out for the culti ... | 1984 | 24257826 |
| inheritance of nitrite reductase and regulation of nitrate reductase, nitrite reductase, and glutamine synthetase isozymes. | banding patterns of nitrate reductase (nr), nitrite reductase (nir), and glutamine synthetase (gs) from leaves of diploid barley (hordeum vulgare), tetraploid wheat (triticum durum), hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum), and tetraploid wild oats (avena barbata) were compared following starch gel electrophoresis. two nr isozymes, which appeared to be under different regulatory control, were observed in each of the three species. the activity of the more slowly migrating nitrate reductase isozyme ( ... | 1984 | 11541965 |
| characterization of a wheat germ agglutinin-like lectin from adult wheat plants. | radioimmuno-and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays show that a substantial amount of wheat germ agglutinin(wga)-like protein is present at the base of the shoot and in the roots of adult wheat (triticum aestivum l.) plants. the protein can be purified by hapten-and antibody-mediated affinity procedures. it forms an arc of identity with the embryo lectin upon ouchterlony double-diffusion and is an active lectin that agglutinates trypsinized erythrocytes in an n-acetylglucosamine-and chitin-inhibi ... | 1984 | 24253947 |
| influence of water stress upon photosynthetic carbon metabolism in wheat. | two kinds of effects of water stress on flag leaves of spring wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv. kolibri) were recognized: the direct effect, when drought affected the expanded blade of the flag leaf and the indirect one, when drought pretreatment affected the leaf blade during tissue differentiation. as a direct effect of water stress on the leaf, a decreased amount of (14)c incorporated into all analyzed photosynthates was observed. differences in (14)c distribution among the studied photosynthat ... | 1984 | 23195050 |
| effect of previous nitrate deprivation on (15)n-nitrate absorption and assimilation by wheat seedlings. | nitrate uptake and assimilation were examined in intact 18 days old wheat (triticum aestivum, cv capitole) seedlings either permanently grown on nitrate (high-n seedlings) or n-stressed by transfer to an 0 n-solution for the final 7 days (low-n seedlings). the n-stressed seedlings were characterized by a lower organic n content (2.5 mg instead of 4.9 mg per seedling) and an increased root dry weight. the seedlings received (15)no(3)k for 7 h in the light. nitrate uptake was 2.8 times higher in l ... | 1984 | 23195046 |
| characteristics of a beta-galactosidase associated with the stroma of chloroplasts prepared from mesophyll protoplasts of the primary leaf of wheat. | chloroplasts prepared from mesophyll protoplasts of the primary leaf of wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv egret) contain about 50% of the cellular beta-galactosidase (ec 3.2.1.23) activity. more than 80% of this activity is associated with the stroma and most of the remainder, although tightly bound to the thylakoids, can be washed free with sodium pyrophosphate. the vacuole contained about 20% and the remaining enzyme was presumed to be cytoplasmic or associated with one of the other organelles. b ... | 1984 | 16663831 |
| characterization and complexity of wheat developing endosperm mrnas. | free and membrane-bound (mb) polysomes and the corresponding polyadenylated rnas (polya(+) rnas) have been isolated from developing wheat endosperm (triticum aestivum l.) free and mb poly(a)(+) rnas, analyzed on isokinetic sucrose gradient with [(3)h]polyuridylic acid [poly(u)] hybridization detection, appear to be 11s to 12s in size with a 7% poly(a) tail for mb rnas. cdnas synthesized using both of these mrna populations in presence of a potent rnase inhibitor (rnasin), have been used for hybr ... | 1984 | 16663795 |
| low temperature-induced ga(3) sensitivity of wheat : ii. changes in lipids associated with the low temperature-induced ga(3) sensisivity of isolated aleurone of kite. | exposure of isolated aleurone tissue from the wheat (triticum aestivum) variety kite which contains the rht2 allele, to low temperature (5 degrees c) for 20 h prior to addition of exogenous ga(3), resulted in significant changes in the content of lipids, especially phospholipids. significant low temperature-induced changes in both the head group and acyl contents of two phospholipids, phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine, were detected. more importantly, these changes displayed a ver ... | 1984 | 16663785 |
| low temperature-induced ga(3) sensitivity of wheat : i. characterization of the low temperature effect on isolated aleurone of kite. | gibberellic acid (ga(3)) sensitivity (measured as alpha-amylase production) of the isolated aleurone tissue/deembryonated seed of two wheat (triticum aestivum l. var kite and var aroona) varieties each containing either one of the dwarfing genes, rht1 and rht2, was increased significantly as a result of low temperature treatment. the magnitude of the low temperature-induced increase occurred without any change in the lag time of alpha-amylase production. this low temperature induction of ga(3) s ... | 1984 | 16663784 |
| interaction of water supply and n in wheat. | the purpose of this study was to investigate effects of n nutrition and water stress on stomatal behavior and co(2) exchange rate in wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv olaf). wheat plants were grown hydroponically with high (100 milligrams per liter) and low (10 milligrams per liter) n. when plants were 38 days old, a 24-day water stress cycle was begun. a gradual increase in nutrient solution osmotic pressure from 0.03 to 1.95 mega pascals was achieved by incremental additions of peg-6,000. plants ... | 1984 | 16663780 |
| a comparison of different vernalization techniques in wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | to measure the effect of vernalization on time to ear emergence allowance must be made for the growth which occurs during the vernalization treatment. in an experiment with eight contrasting wheat varieties it was shown that it is possible to express growth during vernalization in terms of days of growth at non-vernalizing temperatures, using linear regression of number of primordia on time after sowing. the use of linear regression of seedling height on time after sowing proved to be less accur ... | 1984 | 23194873 |
| nucleic acid (cdna) and amino acid sequences of alpha-type gliadins from wheat (triticum aestivum). | the complete amino acid sequence for an alpha-type gliadin protein of wheat (triticum aestivum linnaeus) endosperm has been derived from a cloned cdna sequence. an additional cdna clone that corresponds to about 75% of a similar alpha-type gliadin has been sequenced and shows some important differences. about 97% of the composite sequence of a-gliadin (an alpha-type gliadin fraction) has also been obtained by direct amino acid sequencing. this sequence shows a high degree of similarity with amin ... | 1984 | 6589619 |
| somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration in callus from inflorescences of hordeum vulgare x triticum aestivum hybrids. | embryogenic callus cultures were obtained by culturing young inflorescence tissues of hordeum vulgare cv. 'pf51811' (2x)xtriticum aestivum cv. 'chinese spring' (6x) hybrids on 2,4-d-containing n6 medium. after subculture for about 10 months the calli retained a high potentiality for somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration. of about 300 regenerated plants, approximately 100 were transplanted to potting soil. eight embryoids and three regenerated plants examined had 28 chromosomes identical t ... | 1984 | 24257648 |
| study on nuclear and cytoplasmic genome expression in wheat by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis : 2. genetic differences between two lines and two groups of cytoplasms at five developmental stages or organs. | two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of denaturated proteins were performed at five developmental stages or organs (hereafter referred to as stage-organs) on two wheat lines with four different cytoplasms. five hundred and fifty to 712 reproducible spots were scored depending on the stage-organ. each stage-organ is unambiguously characterized and several types of control of protein quantity are recorded. post-translational modifications are hypothetized and may sometimes be stagespecific. two cyt ... | 1984 | 24257643 |
| development and characterisation of a line of bread wheat, triticum aestivum, which lacks the short-arm satellite of chromosome 1b and the gli-b1 locus. | about 360 offspring of a tri-parental cross were screened by gel electrophoresis and unexpectedly one of them did not contain chromosome 1b ω-gliadins derived from either of the primary parents. a line disomic for the ω-gliadin null was developed from the surviving embryo half of the unique grain. two dimensional electrophoresis revealed that all the storage protein genes at gli-b1, coding for γ-gliadins, β-gliadins and low-molecular-weight subunits of glutenin as well as the ω-gliadin, were not ... | 1984 | 24257642 |
| growth and gibberellin-a1 metabolism in normal and gibberellin-insensitive (rht3) wheat (triticum aestivum l.) seedlings. | growth parameters were determined for tall (rht3) and dwarf (rht3) seedlings of wheat (triticum aestivum l.). plant statures and leaf length were reduced by 50% in dwarfs but root and shoot dry weights were less affected. leaves of dwarf seedlings had shorter epidermal cells and the numbers of cells per rank in talls and dwarfs matched the observed relationships in overall length. talls grew at twice the rate of dwarfs (2.3 compared with 1.2 mm h(-1)). [(3)h]gibberellin a1 ([(3)h]ga1) was fed to ... | 1984 | 24253843 |
| developmental gradients in wheat leaves - response of leaf segments in different genotypes cultured in vitro. | leaves of 21 different wheat genotypes (triticum aestivum l. cultivars and triticum species) were tested for response in tissue culture. cultures could be established from all genotypes in the presence of 2,4-d in the nutrient medium, but only from immature basal leaf regions. corresponding to the basipetal developmental gradient characteristic of the leaves, there appeared to be a gradient in sensitivity towards 2,4-d. the most basal, highly meristematic regions were comparatively sensitive. ca ... | 1984 | 23196086 |
| changes in the number and composition of chloroplasts during senescence of mesophyll cells of attached and detached primary leaves of wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | changes in the number and composition of chloroplasts of mesophyll cells were followed during senescence of the primary leaf of wheat (triticum aestivum l.). senescence was due to the natural pattern of leaf ontogeny or was either induced by leaf detachment and incubation in darkness, or incubation of attached leaves in the dark. in each case discrete sections (1 centimeter) of the leaf, representing mesophyll cells of the basal, middle, and tip regions, were examined. for all treatments, senesc ... | 1984 | 16663637 |
| pyruvate orthophosphate dikinase gene expression in developing wheat seeds. | the amount of pyruvate orthophosphate dikinase (ppdk) (ec 2.7.9.1) protein in wheat (triticum aestivum l. var cheyenne) grains was determined at different stages of development by the protein blot method. the variation in ppdk protein with time in developing wheat grains was similar to that of the enzyme's activity reported by meyer et al. (1982 plant physiol 69: 7-10). the variation in levels of ppdk mrna with seed development was determined by analysis of polypeptides immunoprecipitated by ant ... | 1984 | 16663633 |
| production and characterization of alloplasmic lines of a triticale 'rosner'. | the transfer of cytoplasms of various triticum and aegilops species to a hexaploid triticale ('rosner') has been attempted using 30 alloplasmic lines and a euplasmic line of common wheat as cytoplasmic donors. the average rate of f1 hybrid production (seed setting ratexgermination rate) following an ordinary method of crossing is only 0.09%, whereas this rate is increased to 3.1% by use of embryo culture. the first backcross of the f1 plants with triticale pollen is again difficult, the hybrid p ... | 1984 | 24258961 |
| combining abilities and heritability of callus formation and plantlet regeneration in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) anther cultures. | frequency of callus formation in wheat (triticum aestivum l. em. thell) anthers cultured in vitro and the frequency of subsequent plantlet formation from such calli were examined in a diallel population produced from five inbred spring wheat cultivars. two of the five cultivars were believed to possess relatively high frequencies of response and the other three relatively low response frequencies, based on previous studies. general and specific combining abilities were estimated and found to be ... | 1984 | 24258955 |
| analysis of nucleolar activity in agropyron elongatum, its amphiploid with triticum aestivum and the chromosome addition lines. | the nucleolar organizer activity of the agropyron elongatum, its amphiploid with hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum) and the chromosome addition lines is analyzed by the silver-staining procedure. four ag-nors are observed in a. elongatum corresponding to the chromosomes 6e and 7e. in the amphiploid t. aestivum - a. elongatum, eight ag-nors are observed which corresponds the wheat chromosomes 1b and 6b and to the elongatum chromosomes 6e and 7e. thus, there is codominance in the nucleolar organi ... | 1984 | 24258946 |
| heritability of grain yield, plant height and test weight of a population of winter wheat adapted to southwestern ontario. | grain yield, plant height and test weight were studied in a population of winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.). the population consisted of f2 bulk populations of 42 crosses among 11 genotypes adapted to s. w. ontario. heritabilities were: 0.30±0.32 for yield, 0.77±0.15 for height and 0.98±0.08 for test weight. predicted genetic gain with 10% selection intensity was 0.15 t/ha for yield, 10.1 cm for height and 3.00 kg/hl for test weight. the low heritability for yield indicates that effective sele ... | 1984 | 24258938 |
| glutamic acid metabolism and the photorespiratory nitrogen cycle in wheat leaves: metabolic consequences of elevated ammonia concentrations and of blocking ammonia assimilation. | the effects of methionine sulfoximine and ammonium chloride on [(14)c] glutamate metabolism in excised leaves of triticum aestivum were investigated. glutamine was the principal product derived from [u(14)c]glutamate in the light and in the absence of inhibitor or nh(4)cl. other amino acids, organic acids, sugars, sugar phosphates, and co(2) became slightly radioactive. ammonium chloride (10 mm) increased formation of [(14)c] glutamine, aspartate, citrate, and malate but decreased incorporation ... | 1984 | 16663601 |
| isolation and some properties of an aminopeptidase from the primary leaf of wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | the isolation and characterization of the ap1 form of aminopeptidase (ec 3.4.11.) previously identified (waters, dalling 1979 aust j plant physiol 6: 595-606) in the primary leaves of wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv egret) seedlings is reported. the enzyme shows a high preference for a substrate which contains an aromatic side chain, whether this be either a synthetic beta-naphthylamide or a peptide substrate. maximum activity with both types of substrates occurred around ph 7.6. the stability of ... | 1984 | 16663554 |