Publications

protein evaluation of four oat (avena sativa l.) cultivars adapted for cultivation in the south of brazil.	four oat cultivars adapted for soil and climate conditions in the southern region of brazil were evaluated for protein nutritive value. evaluations were done both in vitro and in vivo. in vitro evaluation was done by essential amino acid profile, available lysine, amino acid scoring, and protein digestibility corrected amino acid-scoring (pdcaas). nitrogen balance indices and per were determined in vivo with rats. in all four cultivars (ufp-15, ufp-16, ctc-03, ufrgs-14), lysine was the most limi ...	1999	10540981
effect of maturity on degradation kinetics of sod-seeded cereal grain forage grown in northern arkansas.	wheat (triticum aestivum l.), oat (avena sativa l.), and rye (secale cereale l.) were overseeded into a dormant bermudagrass (cynodon dactylon (l.) pers.) sod and harvested at 3-wk intervals throughout march, april, may, and early june. plant growth stage was documented for each forage on each harvest date, and harvested forages were evaluated for forage quality characteristics. degradation kinetics of dm and ndf for these forages were evaluated by the in situ method. fractional degradation rate ...	2000	11104269
feasibility of using lignin isolated from forages by solubilization in acetyl bromide as a standard for lignin analyses.	lignin concentration can be measured in plants by the acetyl bromide-soluble lignin spectrophotometric method; however, as with any spectrophotometric method, a reliable standard is needed. in the present experiments, lignin was extracted from each of the forages under study with the acetyl bromide reagent. the lignin isolated with acetyl bromide (liab) was then used as the reference standard in the acetyl bromide-soluble lignin (absl) analysis, which was compared with the acid detergent lignin ...	2000	11132828
characterization of a novel potyvirus isolated from maize in israel.	a potyvirus (proposed name of zea mosaic virus [zemv]) isolated from maize in israel was analyzed by serology, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page) of capsid proteins, symptomatology, and sequencing. parts of the nuclear inclusion b, coat protein, and 3' regions were sequenced; the amino acid sequence of zemv capsid was determined by time-of-flight mass spectrometry (tofms). the results of these analyses were compared with those of similar analyses of the followin ...	2000	18944557
thermal effect of co(2) on apoplastic ice in rye and oat during freezing.	meristematic tissues from rye (secale cereale) and oat (avena sativa) were studied in an isothermal calorimeter at -3 degrees c. when the frozen tissue was placed in the calorimeter, the pressure increased within 4 d to 25 and 9 kpa above ambient pressure in the sample vessels containing crowns of rye and oat, respectively. concurrently, the thermal output went down to -194 microw in rye over the 4-d period; this negative thermal activity could be accounted for by ice melting in the plants. when ...	2000	10712550
classical and biochemical endpoints in the evaluation of phytotoxic effects caused by the herbicide trichloroacetate.	three terrestrial plant species, oat (avena sativa ), chinese cabbage (brassica campestris cv. chinensis) and lettuce (lactuca sativa), were exposed to different concentrations of herbicide tca (sodium trichloroacetate) in a growth test according to guideline oecd # 208. classical (i.e. germination and biomass) and biochemical (i.e., antioxydant enzyme activities) endpoints were investigated. germination rate decreased significantly at 3.9 mg tca kg dry soil(-1) (for oat and lettuce) and 62.5 mg ...	2000	11064042
the influence of glycerol and chloroplast lipids on the spectral shifts of pigments associated with nadph: protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase from avena sativa l.	dark-grown angiosperm seedlings lack chlorophylls, but accumulate protochlorophyllide a complexed with the light-dependent enzyme nadph:protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase. previous investigators correlated spectral heterogeneity of in vivo protochlorophyllide forms and a shift of chlorophyllide forms from 680 to 672 nm (shibata shift) occurring after irradiation, with intact membrane structures which are destroyed by solubilization. we demonstrate here that the various protochlorophyllide forms ...	2000	11034350
characterization of protein and transcript levels of the chaperonin containing tailless complex protein-1 and tubulin during light-regulated growth of oat seedlings.	in grass seedlings the network of cortical microtubules is reorganized during light-dependent growth of coleoptiles and mesocotyls. we investigated the effects of light-dependent growth on the relative steady-state levels of the mrnas and protein levels of alpha-tubulin and the epsilon-subunit of the chaperonin containing tailless complex protein-1 in oat (avena sativa) coleoptiles, which were grown in different light conditions to establish different growth responses. the soluble pools of the e ...	2000	10982445
production and characterization of maize chromosome 9 radiation hybrids derived from an oat-maize addition line.	in maize (zea mays l., 2n = 2x = 20), map-based cloning and genome organization studies are often complicated because of the complexity of the genome. maize chromosome addition lines of hexaploid cultivated oat (avena sativa l., 2n = 6x = 42), where maize chromosomes can be individually manipulated, represent unique materials for maize genome analysis. maize chromosome addition lines are particularly suitable for the dissection of a single maize chromosome using radiation because cultivated oat ...	2000	10978296
evidence of active nadp(+) phosphatase in dormant seeds of avena sativa l.	freshly-harvested seeds of avena sativa l. do not germinate when imbibed at temperatures higher than 25 degrees c. this high temperature dormancy is due to the seed coats, and to the low activities of glycolysis and the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway (opp) in the embryo. the analysis by exclusion chromatography of soluble nadp(+) phosphatase activities of embryos revealed two isoforms: a 37 kda isoform present in both dormant and after-ripened caryopses, and a second isoform, with an appare ...	2000	10944152
photochemical and mutational analysis of the fmn-binding domains of the plant blue light receptor, phototropin.	the plant photoreceptor phototropin is an autophosphorylating serine-threonine protein kinase activated by uv-a/blue light. two domains, lov1 and lov2, members of the pas domain superfamily, mediate light sensing by phototropin. heterologous expression studies have shown that both domains function as fmn-binding sites. although three plant blue light photoreceptors, cry1, cry2, and phototropin, have been identified to date, the photochemical reactions underlying photoactivation of these light se ...	2000	10924135
high frequency of cytogenetic aberration in transgenic oat (avena sativa l.) plants.	cytological abnormalities were observed in transgenic oat (avena sativa l. cv. gaf/park-1) produced by microprojectile bombardment of mature seed-derived highly regenerative tissues. of the plants from 48 independent transgenic lines examined, plants from only 20 lines (42%) were karyotypically normal (2n=6x=42) without detectable chromosomal aberrations; plants from 28 lines (58%) had chromosomal variation, i.e. aneuploids and structural changes. no significant difference in cytological aberrat ...	2000	10908808
antioxidant activity and total phenolics in selected cereal grains and their different morphological fractions.	the purpose of this study was to examine the antioxidant properties of water and 80% methanolic extracts of cereal grains and their different morphological fractions. wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cv. almari and cv. henika, barley (hordeum vulgare l.) cv. gregor and cv. mobek, rye (secale cereale l.) cv. dańkowskie zlote, oat (avena sativa l.) cv. slawko and buckwheat (fagopyrum esculentum moench) cv. kora were used. pc (l-alpha-phosphatidylcholine) liposome system and spectrophotometric assay of ...	2000	10888490
biosynthesis of avenacins and phytosterols in roots of avena sativa cv. image.	in keeping with the proposal that avenacin biosynthesis is restricted to the tips of primary roots of oat seedlings, the incorporation of radioactivity from r-[2-(14)c]mevalonic acid (mva) into avenacins and beta-amyrin by serial sections of primary roots was found to be more-or-less restricted to root tip sections. squalene synthase (sqs) (ec 2.5.1.21) and 2,3-oxidosqualene:beta-amyrin cyclase (os beta ac) (ec 5.4.99) were also most active in these sections. the incorporation of radiolabel from ...	2000	10872206
identification and characterization of a heat-induced isoform of aldolase in oat chloroplast.	an analysis of protein synthesis at elevated temperatures in oat (avena sativa) leaves revealed a heat-induced 44 kda polypeptide. a cdna library of heat-treated leaves was constructed and screened with specific antibodies raised against this 44 kda polypeptide. a clone encoding the 44 kda protein was identified as a form of the chloroplast-localized fructose-bisphosphate aldolase (ec 4.1.2.13). northern and western blot analyses indicated heat-induced accumulation of the chloroplast aldolase is ...	2000	11197324
isolation, purification, and characterization of glutathione s-transferase from oat (avena sativa) seedlings.	glutathione s-transferase (gst) from oat seedlings was purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation and glutathione (gsh) affinity chromatography. sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed the presence of two major protein subunits with molecular masses of 29 and 31 kda, respectively. isoelectric focusing revealed a major band with pi of 3.43 and a minor band with pi of 7.42. kinetic analysis with respect to 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (cdnb) as substrate revealed a km of ...	2000	11195966
aux/iaa proteins are phosphorylated by phytochrome in vitro.	auxin/indole-3-acetic acid (aux/iaa) genes encode short-lived transcription factors that are induced as a primary response to the plant growth hormone iaa or auxin. gain-of-function mutations in arabidopsis genes, shy2/iaa3, axr3/iaa17, and axr2/iaa7 cause pleiotropic phenotypes consistent with enhanced auxin responses, possibly by increasing aux/iaa protein stability. semidominant mutations shy2-1d, shy2-2, axr3-1, and axr2-1 induce ectopic light responses in dark-grown seedlings. because genet ...	2000	11115889
chromosomal localization of cotransformed transgenes in the hexaploid cultivated oat avena sativa l. using fluorescence in situ hybridization.	fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish) was used to localize two transgenes (gus and bar), carried on plasmids pact-1f and puba, respectively, on mitotic metaphase squashes of t1 plants of the cultivated hexaploid oat avena sativa l. cotransformed by microprojectile bombardment of embryogenic callus. among the eight progeny analysed by fish in each of two lines, we detected plants null, hetero- and homozygous for the two genes in one line, and plants null and heterozygous for the two genes in ...	2000	10692010
repetition of the classical boysen-jensen and nielsen's experiment on phototropism of oat coleoptiles.	the classical experiment of phototropic response as reported by boysen-jensen and nielsen (1926), which supports the cholodny-went theory, was repeated in detail. in the original experiment, etiolated oat (avena sativa l. cv. victory) coleoptiles with mica inserted into their tip only showed a positive response when the mica was placed parallel toward the light source and not if it was inserted perpendicularly. on the contrary, we found a positive response irrespective of whether the mica was in ...	2000	12090269
effect of sludge-processing mode, soil texture and soil ph on metal mobility in undisturbed soil columns under accelerated loading.	the effect of sludge processing (digested dewatered, pelletized, alkaline-stabilized, composted, and incinerated), soil type and initial soil ph on trace metal mobility was examined using undisturbed soil columns. soils tested were hudson silt loam (glossaquic hapludalf) and arkport fine sandy loam (lamellic hapludalf), at initial ph levels of 5 and 7. sludges were applied during four accelerated cropping cycles (215 tons/ha cumulative application for dewatered sludge; equivalent rates for other ...	2000	15092904
purification and biochemical properties of phytochromobilin synthase from etiolated oat seedlings.	plant phytochromes are dependent on the covalent attachment of the linear tetrapyrrole chromophore phytochromobilin (p phi b) for photoactivity. in planta, biliverdin ix alpha (bv) is reduced by the plastid-localized, ferredoxin (fd)-dependent enzyme p phi b synthase to yield 3z-p phi b. here, we describe the >50,000-fold purification of p phi b synthase from etioplasts from dark-grown oat (avena sativa l. cv garry) seedlings using traditional column chromatography and preparative electrophoresi ...	2001	11500553
evaluation and refinement of a continuous seed germination and early seedling growth test for the use in the ecotoxicological assessment of soils.	four higher plant species (avena sativa l., oat; lepidium sativum l., cress; brassica rapa metzg., turnip; and phaseolus vulgaris l., bush bean) and 15 soils including five mineral oil-contaminated soils were tested to assess a soil-based continuous seed germination and early seedling growth bioassay. seed germination was recorded and the shoot biomass of 14-day seedlings measured. an automatic self-watering system was compared with the daily hand watering. results obtained from this study show ...	2001	11459155
high frequency of cytogenetic aberration in transgenic oat (avena sativa l.) plants.	cytological abnormalities were observed in transgenic oat (avena sativa l. cv. gaf/park-1) produced by microprojectile bombardment of mature seed-derived highly regenerative tissues. of the plants from 48 independent transgenic lines examined, plants from only 20 lines (42%) were karyotypically normal (2n=6x=42) without detectable chromosomal aberrations; plants from 28 lines (58%) had chromosomal variation, i.e. aneuploids and structural changes. no significant difference in cytological aberrat ...	2001	11448750
tween-20 activates and solubilizes the mitochondrial membrane-bound, calmodulin dependent nad+ finase of avena sativa l.	among different treatments assayed, a mix of a nonionic detergent (5% tween-20) with 0.5 m nacl was found to solubilize a large part of the calmodulin-dependent nad+ kinase bound to the inner mitochondrial membrane. it also stimulated its activity by increasing 7 times the maximal velocity. activity stimulation was also observed with phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine and with reductants (hso3 and dtt). this solubilized nad+ kinase and the calmodulin-dependent cytosoluble isoform disp ...	2001	11447505
changes in starch content in oat (avena sativa) shoot pulvini during the gravitropic response.	in order to determine if components of the signal transduction pathway are involved in starch metabolism during the gravitropic response, the effects of inhibitors of phosphoprotein phosphatases and protein kinases (oa), and calcium channel blockers (lacl3), on gravitropic bending and starch levels in gravisensitive node/pulvini of oat shoots were examined. among the compounds tested, okadaic acid (oa) and lanthanum chloride (lacl3) showed the strongest inhibitory effects on the negative gravitr ...	2001	11432919
oxidative responses of resistant and susceptible cereal leaves to symptomatic and nonsymptomatic cereal aphid (hemiptera: aphididae) feeding.	the impact of the leaf-chlorosis-eliciting russian wheat aphid, diuraphis noxia (mordvilko), and the nonchlorosis-eliciting bird cherry-oat aphid, rhopalosiphum padi (l.), feeding on d. noxia-susceptible and -resistant cereals was examined during the period (i.e., 3, 6, and 9 d after aphid infestation) that leaf chlorosis developed. after aphid number, leaf rolling and chlorosis ratings, and fresh leaf weight were recorded on each sampling date, total protein content, peroxidase, catalase, and p ...	2001	11425032
impact of elevated ozone on chlorophyll a fluorescence in field-grown oat (avena sativa).	oat (avena sativa) plants were grown in the field near the urban area of valencia, eastern spain. the data on air quality showed that ozone was the main phytotoxic pollutant present in ambient air reaching a 7-h mean of 46 nl l(-1) and a maximum hourly peak of 322 nl l(-1). the effect of ambient ozone on psii activity was examined by measurements of chlorophyll (chl) a fluorescence. in leaves with visible symptoms, the function of psii was changed at high actinic irradiances. nonphotochemical qu ...	2001	11275221
bonding of hydroxycinnamic acids to lignin: ferulic and p-coumaric acids are predominantly linked at the benzyl position of lignin, not the beta-position, in grass cell walls.	a suspension in dichloromethane-water (18:1, v/v) of various fractions containing hydroxycinnamic acid ester-ether bridges between lignin and polysaccharides prepared from cell walls of matured oat (avena sativa l.) intemodes, and a solution of their acetates in the same solvent, were treated with 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone (ddq). this reagent selectively cleaves benzyl ether and ester linkages of negatively charged aromatic nuclei. the sample treated with ddq was directly hydroly ...	2001	11423145
a linkage map of hexaploid oat based on grass anchor dna clones and its relationship to other oat maps.	a cultivated oat linkage map was developed using a recombinant inbred population of 136 f6:7 lines from the cross 'ogle' x 'tam o-301'. a total of 441 marker loci, including 355 restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) markers, 40 amplified fragment length polymorphisms (aflps), 22 random amplified polymorphic dnas (rapds), 7 sequence-tagged sites (stss), 1 simple sequence repeat (ssr), 12 isozyme loci, and 4 discrete morphological traits, was mapped. fifteen loci remained unlinked, and 4 ...	2001	11341736
molecular diversity and physical mapping of 5s rdna in wild and cultivated oat grasses (poaceae: aveneae).	5s rdna repeats studied in five genera of aveneae have lengths between 285 and 329 bp (avena sativa, avena macrostachya, 26 species of helictotrichon, pseudarrhenatherum longifolium, lagurus ovatus, and trisetum spicatum). in only a single species (helictotrichon aetolicum) an additional repeat of 456 bp occurs infrequently. variation is largely due to insertions or deletions in the nontranscribed spacer as determined from sequences of 163 independent clones. the 5s gene of the aveneae studied i ...	2001	11697916
glycoside carbamates from benzoxazolin-2(3h)-one detoxification in extracts and exudates of corn roots.	zea mays was incubated with the natural phytotoxin benzoxazolin-2(3h)-one (boa) to investigate the detoxification process. a hitherto unknown detoxification product, 1-(2-hydroxyphenylamino)-1-deoxy-beta-gentiobioside 1,2-carbamate (3), was isolated and identified. a reinvestigation of known boa detoxification products by nmr methods led to the finding that the structure of benzoxazolin-2(3h)-one-n-beta-glucoside (1) first reported from avena sativa has to be revised. in fact, the correct struct ...	2001	11672748
an optomechanical transducer in the blue light receptor phototropin from avena sativa.	the phot1 (nph1) gene from avena sativa specifies the blue light receptor for phototropism, phototropin, which comprises two fmn-binding lov domains and a serine/threonine protein kinase domain. light exposure is conducive to autophosphorylation of the protein kinase domain. we have reconstituted a recombinant lov2 domain of a. sativa phototropin with various (13)c/(15)n-labeled isotopomers of the cofactor, fmn. the reconstituted protein samples were analyzed by nmr spectroscopy under dark and l ...	2001	11606742
intracellular localization of phytochrome in robinia pseudoacacia pulvini.	the intracellular localization of phytochrome in the pulvini of robinia pseudoacacia l. was analyzed by immunogold electron microscopy after red (r; 15 min) and far-red (fr; 5 min) irradiation 2 h after the beginning of the photoperiod. screening of the available antibodies by immunoblotting demonstrated that none of the oat (avena sativa l.) anti-phytochrome a (phy a) monoclonal antibodies) (mabs) detected robinia phytochrome. a putative robinia phy a was detected by immunoblotting using a mab ...	2001	11556789
genomic interspersions determine the size and complexity of transgene loci in transgenic plants produced by microprojectile bombardment.	the structure of transgene loci in six transgenic allohexaploid oat (avena sativa l.) lines produced using microprojectile bombardment was characterized using fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish) on extended dna fibers (fiber-fish). the transgene loci in five lines were composed of multiple copies of delivered dna interspersed with genomic dna fragments ranging in size from ca. 3 kb to at least several hundred kilobases, and in greater numbers than detected using southern blot analysis. alt ...	2001	11550906
identification of a sucrose diester of a substituted beta-truxinic acid in oats.	a novel compound, 4,4'-dihydroxy-3,3'-dimethoxy-beta-truxinic acid esterified to sucrose through the fructosyl 3-and 6-carbons (1), was isolated from oat grains (avena sativa l.). its structure was determined by a combination of mass spectrometry and 1-d and 2-d nmr. the amounts of 1 in groats of six different oat cultivars ranged from 101 to 150 microg g(-1) (dry wt). none was detected in the hulls. the free diacid, 4,4'-dihydroxy-3,3'-dimethoxy-beta-truxinic acid (2), could not be detected in ...	2001	11324915
synthesis, absolute configuration and biological activity of both enantiomers of 2-(5,6-dichloro-3-indolyl)propionic acid: new dichloroindole auxins.	racemic 2-(5,6-dichloro-3-indolyl)propionic acid (5,6-cl2-2-ipa) was synthesized from 5,6-dichloroindole-3-acetic acid (5,6-cl2-iaa) by successive esterification, methoxycarbonylation, methylation, and double hydrolysis. the racemate was converted to the diastereomeric esters of (s)-(-)-1-phenylethyl alcohol. these were separated by hplc into two optically active diastereomers and then hydrolyzed with p-tsoh to the optically active enantiomers of 5,6-cl2-2-ipa. the absolute configurations of bot ...	2001	11302158
a role for inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate in gravitropic signaling and the retention of cold-perceived gravistimulation of oat shoot pulvini.	plants sense positional changes relative to the gravity vector. to date, the signaling processes by which the perception of a gravistimulus is linked to the initiation of differential growth are poorly defined. we have investigated the role of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (insp(3)) in the gravitropic response of oat (avena sativa) shoot pulvini. within 15 s of gravistimulation, insp(3) levels increased 3-fold over vertical controls in upper and lower pulvinus halves and fluctuated in both pulvin ...	2001	11244128
active retrotransposons are a common feature of grass genomes.	a large fraction of the genomes of grasses, members of the family graminae, is composed of retrotransposons. these elements resemble animal retroviruses in their structure and possess a life cycle similar to theirs that includes transcription, translation, and integration of daughter copies. we have investigated if retrotransposons are generally transcribed in the grasses and other plants, and whether the various families of elements are translationally and integrationally active in multiple gra ...	2001	11244109
mapping maize sequences to chromosomes using oat-maize chromosome addition materials.	oat- (avena sativa) maize (zea mays) chromosome additions are produced by crossing maize and oat. during early embryo development maize chromosomes are preferentially eliminated, and oat plants are often recovered that retain a single maize chromosome. each of the 10 maize chromosomes recently has been isolated as a separate oat-maize addition. we describe here the mapping of 400 maize sequences to chromosomes using polymerase chain reaction and dna from the oat-maize addition material. fifty of ...	2001	11244104
a complete set of maize individual chromosome additions to the oat genome.	all 10 chromosomes of maize (zea mays, 2n = 2x = 20) were recovered as single additions to the haploid complement of oat (avena sativa, 2n = 6x = 42) among f(1) plants generated from crosses involving three different lines of maize to eight different lines of oat. in vitro rescue culture of more than 4,300 immature f(1) embryos resulted in a germination frequency of 11% with recovery of 379 f(1) plantlets (8.7%) of moderately vigorous growth. some f(1) plants were sectored with distinct chromoso ...	2001	11244103
arginine decarboxylase transgene expression and analysis of environmental stress tolerance in transgenic rice.	arginine decarboxylase (adc) cdna from oat (avena sativa l.) was introduced into rice (oryza sativa l.) genome by an agrobacterium-mediated transformation method. expression of the adc transgene under the control of an aba-inducible promoter led to stress-induced upregulation of adc activity and polyamine accumulation in transgenic rice plants. second-generation (rl) transgenic rice plants showed an increase in biomass under salinity-stress conditions, as compared to the non-transformed control ...	2001	11297783
supplemental dietary protein for grazing dairy cows: reproduction, condition loss, plasma metabolites, and insulin.	an experiment was conducted over a 2-yr period to investigate the influence of grain crude protein (cp) and rumen undegradable protein (rup) concentration on reproduction and energy status of dairy cows grazing annual ryegrass (lolium multiflorum) and oats (avena sativa). holstein cows (n = 122) were blocked by calving group [partum (0 d postpartum) vs. postpartum (41 +/- 19 d postpartum at study initiation)] and assigned to grain supplements containing high cp [22.8% of dry matter (dm)], modera ...	2001	11352167
cloning and characterisation of chlorophyll synthase from avena sativa.	the chlorophyll synthase gene from oat (avena sativa) was cloned and expressed in escherichia coli. the deduced amino acid sequence consists of 378 amino acids including a presequence of 46 amino acids. deletion mutants show that a core protein comprising amino acid residues 88 to 377 is enzymatically active. the sequence of the mature protein shows 85% identity with the chlorophyll synthase of arabidopsis thaliana and 62% identity with the chlorophyll synthase of synechocystis pcc 6803. the gen ...	2001	11501754
chemistry and biology of phototropism-regulating substances in higher plants.	most people are familiar with the sight of a young seedling bending towards a window or the brightest source of light to which it is exposed. this directional growth response is known as phototropism, which is caused by a lateral growth-promoting auxin in the bending organ (cholodny-went theory, cited in high school textbook). recently, however, bruinsma et al., weiler et al., and hasegawa et al. independently found that the shaded half did not contain more auxin than the illuminated one. instea ...	2001	11933243
ruminal digestion by dairy cows grazing winter oats pasture supplemented with different levels and sources of protein.	six holstein cows fitted with ruminal cannulae were used in two simultaneous 3 x 3 latin squares to study the effects of protein supplements on ruminal fermentation and in situ crude protein degradability. cows rotationally grazed a winter oats (avena sativa l.) pasture and were supplemented with one of three concentrate supplements: 1) low protein sunflower meal (l-sm); 2) high protein sunflower meal (h-sm); or 3) high protein feather meal (h-fm). concentrates (6.5 kg/d) were offered in equal p ...	2001	11699458
a novel protein elicitor (panie) from pythium aphanidermatum induces multiple defense responses in carrot, arabidopsis, and tobacco.	a novel protein elicitor (panie(234)) from pythium aphanidermatum (edson) fitzp. was purified, microsequenced, and the corresponding cdna was cloned. the deduced amino acid sequence contains a putative eukaryotic secretion signal with a proteinase cleavage site. the heterologously expressed elicitor protein without the secretion signal of 21 amino acids (panie(213)) triggered programmed cell death and de novo formation of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid in cultured cells of carrot (daucus carota). program ...	2001	11706166
genetic and physical mapping of lrk10-like receptor kinase sequences in hexaploid oat (avena sativa l.).	oat receptor-like kinase gene sequences, homologous to the lrk10 gene from wheat (triticum aestivum l.), were mapped in oat (avena sativa l.). pcr primers designed from the wheat lrk10 were used to produce alrk10 from oat. two dna sequences, alrk1a1 and alrk4a5, were produced from primers designed from coding and noncoding regions of alrk10. their use as rflp probes indicated that the kinase genes mapped to four loci on different hexaploid oat 'kanota' x 'ogle' linkage groups (4_12, 5, 6, and 13 ...	2002	11908651
the serine-rich n-terminal domain of oat phytochrome a helps regulate light responses and subnuclear localization of the photoreceptor.	phytochrome (phy) a mediates two distinct photobiological responses in plants: the very-low-fluence response (vlfr), which can be saturated by short pulses of very-low-fluence light, and the high-irradiance response (hir), which requires prolonged irradiation with higher fluences of far-red light (fr). to investigate whether the vlfr and hir involve different domains within the phya molecule, transgenic tobacco (nicotiana tabacum cv xanthi) and arabidopsis seedlings expressing full-length (fl) a ...	2002	12114567
independent activation of cold acclimation by low temperature and short photoperiod in hybrid aspen.	temperate zone woody plants cold acclimate in response to both short daylength (sd) and low temperature (lt). we were able to show that these two environmental cues induce cold acclimation independently by comparing the wild type (wt) and the transgenic hybrid aspen (populus tremula x populus tremuloides michx.) line 22 overexpressing the oat (avena sativa) phytochrome a gene. line 22 was not able to detect the sd and, consequently, did not stop growing in sd conditions. this resulted in an impa ...	2002	12177476
pre-loading of chlorophyll synthase with tetraprenyl diphosphate is an obligatory step in chlorophyll biosynthesis.	the reaction of recombinant chlorophyll synthase from avena sativa, expressed in escherichia coli, was investigated. to verify the identity of the recombinant and native enzymes, reaction rates were determined for both enzyme preparations with several chlorophyllide analogs. the rates of esterification of these modified substrates ranged from 0 to 100% of the rate with the natural substrate, and were nearly identical for both enzyme preparations. the lineweaver-burk plot for variation of both ch ...	2002	12530542
ethanol sensitivity of rice and oat coleoptiles.	the ability to avoid the ethanol-induced injury was evaluated in rice (oryza sativa l.) and oat (avena sativa l.) coleoptiles. the growth of the rice and oat coleoptiles was inhibited by ethanol exogenously applied at concentrations greater than 200 and 30 mm, respectively. at 300 mm ethanol, oat coleoptiles were brown and flaccid but rice coleoptiles did not show any visible symptoms of toxicity. the acetaldehyde level in rice and oat coleoptiles was increased by exogenously applied ethanol and ...	2002	12010475
isolation of a/d and c genome specific dispersed and clustered repetitive dna sequences from avena sativa.	dna gel-blot and in situ hybridization with genome-specific repeated sequences have proven to be valuable tools in analyzing genome structure and relationships in species with complex allopolyploid genomes such as hexaploid oat (avena sativa l., 2n = 6x = 42; aaccdd genome). in this report, we describe a systematic approach for isolating genome-, chromosome-, and region-specific repeated and low-copy dna sequences from oat that can presumably be applied to any complex genome species. genome-spec ...	2002	11962640
effects of commercial processing on levels of antioxidants in oats (avena sativa l.).	the effects of various commercial hydrothermal processes (steaming, autoclaving, and drum drying) on levels of selected oat antioxidants were investigated. steaming and flaking of dehulled oat groats resulted in moderate losses of tocotrienols, caffeic acid, and the avenanthramide bp (n-(4'-hydroxy)-(e)-cinnamoyl-5-hydroxy-anthranilic acid), while ferulic acid and vanillin increased. the tocopherols and the avenanthramides bc (n-(3',4'-dihydroxy-(e)-cinnamoyl-5-hydroxy-anthranilic acid) and bf ( ...	2002	11902929
growth promotion and an increase in cell wall extensibility by silicon in rice and some other poaceae seedlings.	the effect of silicon on organ growth and its mechanisms of action were studied in rice ( oryza sativa l. cv. koshihikari), oat ( avena sativa l. cv. victory), and wheat ( triticum aestivum l. cv. daichino-minori) seedlings grown in the dark. applying silicon in the form of silicic acid to these seedlings via culture solution resulted in growth promotion of third (rice) or second (oat and wheat) leaves. the optimal concentration of silicon was 5-10 mm. no growth promotion was observed in early o ...	2002	12884045
direct capture and cloning of receptor kinase and peroxidase genes from genomic dna.	a direct dna capture and cloning procedure with magnetic bead separation was used to isolate receptor kinase like and peroxidase genes from oat (avena sativa) and wheat (triticum aestivum l.) genomic dna, respectively. in this procedure, the digoxigenin-labeled probe dna and target genomic dna fragments were mixed, denatured, and hybridized. the double-helix complexes formed were captured with anti-digoxigenin immunoglobulin-coated magnetic beads and then cloned into either the lambdabluestar or ...	2002	12416632
toxicity of methyl tert-butyl ether to plants (avena sativa, zea mays, triticum aestivum, and lactuca sativa).	influence of methyl tert-butyl ether (mtbe) on the germination of seeds and growth of seedling plants were studied in laboratory experiments. test plants were wild oats (avena sativa), sweet corn (zea mays), wheat (triticum aestivum), and lettuce (lactuca sativa). seed germination, shoot growth, and root growth of plants exposed to different concentrations of mtbe in a moist soil were examined. seed germination and seedling growth in mtbe-contaminated soil were markedly reduced in all test plant ...	2002	12152769
fluorescence in situ hybridization mapping of avena sativa l. cv. sunii and its monosomic lines using cloned repetitive dna sequences.	fluorescent in situ hybridization (fish) employing multiple probes was used with mitotic or meiotic chromosome spreads of avena sativa l. cv. sunii and its monosomic lines to produce physical chromosome maps. the probes used were avena strigosa pas120a (which hybridizes exclusively to a-genome chromosomes), avena murphyi pam1 (which hybridizes exclusively to c-genome chromosomes), a. strigosa pas121 (which hybridizes exclusively to a- and d-genome chromosomes), and the wheat rdna probes pta71 an ...	2002	12502269
gramene, a tool for grass genomics.	gramene (http://www.gramene.org) is a comparative genome mapping database for grasses and a community resource for rice (oryza sativa). it combines a semi-automatically generated database of cereal genomic and expressed sequence tag sequences, genetic maps, map relations, and publications, with a curated database of rice mutants (genes and alleles), molecular markers, and proteins. gramene curators read and extract detailed information from published sources, summarize that information in a stru ...	2002	12481044
complex transgene locus structures implicate multiple mechanisms for plant transgene rearrangement.	to more fully characterize the internal structure of transgene loci and to gain further understanding of mechanisms of transgene locus formation, we sequenced more than 160 kb of complex transgene loci in two unrelated transgenic oat (avena sativa l.) lines transformed using microprojectile bombardment. the transgene locus sequences from both lines exhibited extreme scrambling of non-contiguous transgene and genomic fragments recombined via illegitimate recombination. a perfect direct repeat of ...	2002	12445116
competence of oat ( avena sativa l.) shoot apical meristems for integrative transformation, inherited expression, and osmotic tolerance of transgenic lines containing hva1.	three oat ( avena sativa l.) cultivars have been successfully transformed using an efficient and reproducible in vitro culture system for differentiation of multiple shoots from shoot apical meristems. the transformation was performed using microprojectile bombardment with two plasmids (pby520 and pact1-d) containing linked ( hva1-bar) and non-linked ( gus) genes. the hva1 and bar genes cointegrated with a frequency of 100% as expected, and 61.6% of the transgenic plants carried all three genes. ...	2002	12582520
purification and properties of aminoaldehyde dehydrogenase from avena sativa.	nad-dependent aminoaldehyde dehydrogenase (amadh, ec 1.2.1.-) from avena shoots was purified by deae sephacel, hydroxyapatite, 5'-amp sepharose 4b, mono q, and tsk-gel column chromatographies to homogeneity by the criterion of native page. sds-page yielded a single band at a molecular mass of 55 kda. ief studies showed a band with a p i value of 5.3. in contrast to amadhs from other species, the tsk-gel chromatography showed that avenaamadh exists as a monomer in the native state. the purified e ...	2002	12579364
serpins of oat (avena sativa) grain with distinct reactive centres and inhibitory specificity.	most proteinase inhibitors from plant seeds are assumed to contribute to broad-spectrum protection against pests and pathogens. in oat (avena sativa l.) grain the main serine proteinase inhibitors were found to be serpins, which utilize a unique mechanism of irreversible inhibition. four distinct inhibitors of the serpin superfamily were detected by native page as major seed albumins and purified by thiophilic adsorption and anion exchange chromatography. the four serpins osza-d are the first pr ...	2002	12354191
tropisms of avena coleoptiles: sine law for gravitropism, exponential law for photogravitropic equilibrium.	the quantitative relation between gravitropism and phototropism was analyzed for light-grown coleoptiles of avena sativa (l.). with respect to gravitropism the coleoptiles obeyed the sine law. to study the interaction between light and gravity, coleoptiles were inclined at variable angles and irradiated for 7 h with unilateral blue light (466 nm) impinging at right angles relative to the axis of the coleoptile. the phototropic stimulus was applied from the side opposite to the direction of gravi ...	2002	12244443
the activation state of rubisco directly limits photosynthesis at low co(2) and low o(2) partial pressures.	using gas exchange, enzyme assays, and theoretical modeling of photosynthetic responses to light and co(2), we investigated whether decarbamylation of the active site of rubisco at low co(2) and low light leads to a condition where the activation state of rubisco directly limits the rate of net co(2) assimilation. photosynthetic limitation by a reduction in the activation state of rubisco would be indicated as a decline in the initial slope of the photosynthetic co(2) response relative to what i ...	2002	16228135
thin layer chromatography-application in qualitative analysis on presence of coumarins and flavonoids in plant material.	drugs, natural medicinal plant, animals and mineral materials, have a large and various application in official pharmacy and medicine. carriers of multilateral pharmacological effects that those drugs shown, are chemically define as active components that are present in them. methods of qualitative and quantitative analysis are used for the chemical investigation of components that drugs contain. method of thin layer chromatography has been shown as very reliable. according to the chemical inves ...	2003	16232145
molecular mapping of genomic regions underlying barley yellow dwarf tolerance in cultivated oat (avena sativa l.).	barley yellow dwarf (byd) is one of the most important viral diseases in small grains, including oat (avena sativa l.). breeding for byd tolerance is an effective and efficient means to control the disease. characterization of major sources of tolerance, and identification of marker and the trait associations, will directly benefit breeding for byd tolerance. genomic regions underlying byd tolerance were mapped and characterized in an oat population consisting of 152 recombinant inbred lines fro ...	2003	12748782
cys/gly-rich proteins with a putative single chitin-binding domain from oat (avena sativa) seeds.	through a reliable and repeatable procedure based on solid-phase extraction techniques, a protein fraction (p fraction) rich in cys/gly residues was extracted and captured from oat (avena sativa l.) seeds. quantitative amino acid analysis and ms of the p fraction indicated that it contains a series of heterogeneous cys/gly-rich proteins with molecular masses of 3.6-4.0 kda. preliminary results from bioassays showed that these proteins possess weak to moderate antifungal properties to some fungal ...	2003	12737975
purification and properties of betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase from avena sativa.	betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (badh; ec 1.2.1.8) is the enzyme that catalyzes the second step in the synthesis of the osmoprotectant, glycine betaine. nad-dependent badh was purified from avena sativa shoots by deae sephacel, hydroxyapatite, 5'-amp sepharose 4b, mono q and tsk-gel column chromatographies to homogeneity by the criterion of native page, and the properties of badh were compared with those of aminoaldehyde dehydrogenase purified to homogeneity from a. sativa. the molecular mass est ...	2003	12736784
a genetic linkage map for hexaploid, cultivated oat (avena sativa l.) based on an intraspecific cross 'ogle/mam17-5'.	genetic research and breeding of oat ( avena sativa l.) would be aided by development of a genetic linkage map for a breeding population. such a map could be used for localization of qualitative and quantitative trait loci, marker-assisted selection and other genetic analysis in an adapted, agronomically useful background. the objectives of this research were to develop a genetic linkage map of hexaploid cultivated oat, to identify homoeologous relationships of linkage groups, and to compare hom ...	2003	12721634
mechanism of physiological effects of titanium leaf sprays on plants grown on soil.	titanium (ti) has significant biological effects on plants, being beneficial at low and toxic at higher concentrations. from results of our hydroponical experiment with oats, we have recently proposed that the effect called hormesis is the mechanism of ti action in plants. here, we present the experiment with oats (avena sativa l. cv. zlat'ák) grown on soil where ti was applied using leaf sprays. two different soils, three different concentrations of ti(iv) citrate spray solution (0, 20, and 50 ...	2003	12719613
development of a monoclonal antibody-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to quantify soluble beta-glucans in oats and barley.	a set of 31 murine monoclonal antibodies was produced against (1-->3,1-->4)beta-d-glucan from oats (avena sativa l.) chemically cross-linked to keyhole limpet hemocyanin. monoclonal antibodies were tested for their cross-reactivity to related and unrelated polysaccharides. the antibodies reacted strongly to unmodified beta-glucan from oats and barley (hordeum vulgare l.) and to lichenan from icelandic moss, a polysaccharide with a structure similar to that of beta-glucan but which is not encount ...	2003	13129289
integration, expression and inheritance of transgenes in hexaploid oat (avena sativa l.).	two oat varieties, melys (spring variety) and bulwark (winter variety) were transformed by particle bombardment of primary embryogenic callus using either a ubi-bar-ubi-gus co-integration vector or co-transformed (melys) with a ubi-bar plasmid together with one of three plasmids containing the beta-glucuronidase (gus) gene under the control of either a rice actin promoter, a camv35s promoter or a wheat high molecular weight glutenin promoter. morphologically normal and fertile transgenic plants ...	2003	12964869
damage potential of grasshoppers (orthoptera: acrididae) on early growth stages of small-grains and canola under subarctic conditions.	we characterized the type and extent of grasshopper injury to above- and below-ground plant parts for four crops [barley (hordeum vulgare l.), oats (avena sativa l.), wheat (triticum aestivum l.), and canola (brassica campestris l.)] commonly grown, or with potential to grow, in central alaska. cages were placed on 48 pots containing plants in second to third leaf stages and stocked with 0, 2, 4, and 6 first-instar melanoplus sanguinipes f. pot(-1). plants were harvested 22 d after planting. ste ...	2003	14503591
influence of application volume on herbicide efficacy.	herbicide doses used by farmers are often lower than registration doses. one of the reasons put forward is that field assays for registration are performed at relatively high application volumes (typically 300 l ha(-1)), whereas farmers use lower volumes (down to 75 l ha(-1) or even lower). the resulting concentration of the active ingredient(s) and the formulants is supposed to enhance efficacy. to test this hypothesis in the case of specific graminicides, we compared the efficacy of clodinafop ...	2003	15149130
captures of western corn rootworm (coleoptera: chrysomelidae) adults with pherocon am and vial traps in four crops in east central illinois.	it is hypothesized that the long-term rotation of maize (zea mays l.) and soybean (glycine max l.) in east central illinois has caused a significant change in the ovipositional behavior of the western corn rootworm, diabrotica virgifera virgifera leconte. since the mid 1990s in east central illinois, western corn rootworm adults have been observed feeding on soybean foliage and also now use soybean fields as egg laying sites. this behavioral adaptation has greatly decreased the effectiveness of ...	2003	12852611
in vivo and in vitro effects of cadmium on h+ atpase activity of plasma membrane vesicles from oat (avena sativa l.) roots.	the effect of an in vivo and in vitro treatment with cadmium on transport activities of root plasma membrane enriched vesicles was studied in oat (avena sativa l. cv. argentina) plants. addition of 100 mumol/l cdso4 to nutrient solution decreases both proton transport activity and atpase activity to the same level. in vitro experiments show that cadmium seems to have a differential inhibiting effect on proton transport activity and atpase activity, the most pronounced one on atp-dependent h(+)-a ...	2003	12756918
expression of green fluorescent protein and its inheritance in transgenic oat plants generated from shoot meristematic cultures.	the expression of green fluorescent protein (gfp) and its inheritance were studied in transgenic oat ( avena sativa l.) plants transformed with a synthetic green fluorescent protein gene [sgfp(s65t)] driven by a rice actin promoter. in vitro shoot meristematic cultures (smcs) induced from shoot apices of germinating mature seeds of a commercial oat cultivar, garry, were used as a transformation target. proliferating smcs were bombarded with a mixture of plasmids containing the sgfp(s65t) gene an ...	2003	12789450
europium uptake and partitioning in oat (avena sativa) roots as studied by laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy and confocal microscopy profiling technique.	the uptake of eu3+ by elongating oat roots was studied by fluorescence spectroscopy, fluorescence lifetime measurement, and a laser excitation time-resolved confocal fluorescence profiling technique. the results of this work indicated that initial uptake of eu3+ was highest within the undifferentiated cells of the root tip just behind the root cap, a region of maximal cell growth and differentiation and with incomplete formation of the casparian strip around the central vascular cylinder. distri ...	2003	14655714
oat cover cropping and soil insecticides in an integrated sugarbeet root maggot (diptera: otitidae) management program.	sugarbeet, beta vulgaris l., producers occasionally establish cereal cover crops to minimize early-season soil erosion, wind abrasion, and mechanical injury of seedlings. we evaluated the use of living oat, avena sativa l., cover cropping as a cultural tactic to minimize feeding injury from sugarbeet root maggot, tetanops myopaeformis (röder), larvae at five field sites during 1996, 1998, and 1999. sweep-net sampling yielded 4.8-, 11.2-, and 7.2-fold more flies from oat cover-cropped chlorpyrifo ...	2003	14650515
reduction of crop contamination by soil resuspension within the 30-km zone of the chernobyl nuclear power plant.	a field experiment was conducted within the 30-km zone of the chernobyl nuclear power plant to analyze whether the application of mulching reduced resuspension of 137cs contaminated soil in oat (avena sativa) crops. in 1993, we applied a mulch treatment at a dose of 200 g m(-2), and soil resuspension was measured by estimating soil loadings onto plant surfaces from ti concentrations in plants. in 1994, two mulch doses were applied, 200 and 50 g m(-2), and we estimated the contribution of soil re ...	2003	14594366
avenanthramides in oats (avena sativa l.) and structure-antioxidant activity relationships.	eight avenanthramides, amides of anthranilic acid (1) and 5-hydroxyanthranilic acid (2), respectively, and the four cinnamic acids p-coumaric (p), caffeic (c), ferulic (f), and sinapic (s) acid, were synthesized for identification in oat extracts and for structure-antioxidant activity studies. three compounds (2p, 2c, and 2f) were found in oat extracts. as assessed by the reactivity toward 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (dpph), all avenanthramides except 1p showed activity. initially, the antioxi ...	2003	12537428
blue light perception in plants. detection and characterization of a light-induced neutral flavin radical in a c450a mutant of phototropin.	the lov2 domain of avena sativa phototropin and its c450a mutant were expressed as recombinant fusion proteins and were examined by optical spectroscopy, electron paramagnetic resonance, and electron-nuclear double resonance. upon irradiation (420-480 nm), the lov2 c450a mutant protein gave an optical absorption spectrum characteristic of a flavin radical even in the absence of exogenous electron donors, thus demonstrating that the flavin mononucleotide (fmn) cofactor in its photogenerated tripl ...	2003	12525505
characterization of two phases of chlorophyll formation during greening of etiolated barley leaves.	the esterification kinetics of chlorophyllide, obtained by a single flash of light, were investigated in etiolated barley ( hordeum vulgare l.) and oat ( avena sativa l.) leaves. a rapid phase, leading to esterification of 15% of total chlorophyllide within 15-30 s, was followed by a lag-phase of nearly 2 min and a subsequent main phase, leading to esterification of 85% of total chlorophyllide within 30-60 min. the presence of additional protochlorophyllide, produced in the leaves by incubation ...	2003	12520340
comparison of cytokinin-binding proteins from wheat and oat grains.	cytokinin-binding proteins (cbps) isolated from mature grains of oat (avena sativa l.) and wheat (triticum aestivum l.) by acid precipitation, ion-exchange and affinity chromatography had similar characteristics, although they differed somewhat in apparent molecular weight of the native protein as determined by gel filtration (109 and 133 kda, respectively) and subunit size as estimated by sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (47 and 55 kda, respectively). highly purified oat cbp showed very w ...	2003	12675735
isolation and identification of triticeae chromosome 1 receptor-like kinase genes (lrk10) from diploid, tetraploid, and hexaploid species of the genus avena.	the dna sequence of an extracellular (exc) domain of an oat (avena sativa l.) receptor-like kinase (alrk10) gene was amplified from 23 accessions of 15 avena species (6 diploid, 6 tetraploid, and 3 hexaploid). primers were designed from one partial oat alrk10 clone that had been used to map the gene in hexaploid oat to linkage groups syntenic to triticeae chromosome 1 and 3. cluster (phylogenetic) analyses showed that all of the oat dna sequences amplified with these primers are orthologous to t ...	2003	12669804
a molecular marker map in 'kanota' x 'ogle' hexaploid oat (avena spp.) enhanced by additional markers and a robust framework.	molecular mapping of cultivated oats was conducted to update the previous reference map constructed using a recombinant inbred (ri) population derived from avena byzantina c. koch cv. kanota x avena sativa l. cv. ogle. in the current work, 607 new markers were scored, many on a larger set of ri lines (133 vs. 71) than previously reported. a robust, updated framework map was developed to resolve linkage associations among 286 markers. the remaining 880 markers were placed individually within the ...	2003	12669794
primary reactions of the lov2 domain of phototropin, a plant blue-light photoreceptor.	the phototropins constitute an important class of plant photoreceptor kinases that control a range of physiological responses, including phototropism, light-directed chloroplast movement, and light-induced stomatal opening. the lov2 domain of phototropin binds a molecule of flavin mononucleotide (fmn) and undergoes a photocycle involving light-driven covalent adduct formation between a conserved cysteine residue and the c(4a) atom of fmn. this product state promotes c-terminal kinase activation ...	2003	12653541
changes in phosphorylation of 50 and 53 kda soluble proteins in graviresponding oat (avena sativa) shoots.	the present work indicates that phosphorylation of a 50 kda soluble protein is involved in the gravitropic response in graviresponsive pulvini of oat (avena sativa) stems. this 50 kda protein shows a differential pattern of phosphorylation between lower and upper halves of pulvini both in vivo and in vitro. the differential phosphorylation of this protein is detected only when stem segments are gravistimulated for short and long time periods. the differential phosphorylation of the 50 kda protei ...	2003	12598571
reduction in the endogenous arginine decarboxylase transcript levels in rice leads to depletion of the putrescine and spermidine pools with no concomitant changes in the expression of downstream genes in the polyamine biosynthetic pathway.	we investigated whether down-regulation of arginine decarboxylase (adc) activity and concomitant changes in polyamine levels result in changes in the expression of downstream genes in the polyamine pathway. we generated transgenic rice (oryza sativa l.) plants in which the rice adc gene was down-regulated by expression of its antisense oat (avena sativa l.) ortholog. plants expressed the oat mrna adc transcript at different levels. the endogenous transcript was down-regulated in five out of eigh ...	2003	12898254
cadmium contents of oats (avena sativa l.) in official variety, organic cultivation, and nitrogen fertilization trials during 1997-1999.	the cadmium (cd) contents of oats (avena sativa l.) in finland were examined over a 3 year period in three types of trials: official variety, organic vs conventional cultivation, and nitrogen fertilization trials. large seasonal and regional variations were found in the cd concentrations. in official variety trials, the mean cd contents in 1997, 1998, and 1999 were 0.046, 0.029, and 0.052 mg kg(-1) dry weight (dw), respectively, ranging from 0.008 to 0.120 mg kg(-1) dw. the concentrations were g ...	2003	12696945
mapping of low- and high-fluence autophosphorylation sites in phototropin 1.	phototropins, originally detected by their blue light-dependent autophosphorylation, are plant photoreceptors involved in several blue light responses such as phototropism, chloroplast relocation, leaf expansion, rapid inhibition of hypocotyl growth, and stomatal opening. three domains have been identified in phototropin sequences, two chromophore binding domains (lov1 and lov2) and a kinase domain. we describe here two additional domains, the n-terminus upstream of lov1 and the hinge region bet ...	2003	12680776
asymmetric somatic hybridization between wheat (triticum aestivum) and avena sativa l.	protoplasts from cell suspensions ofyoung-embryo-derived calli, which were nonregenerable for long-term subculture and protoplasts from embryogenic calli with the regeneration capacity of 75% ofthe same wheat jinan 177, were mixed as recipient. protoplasts from embryogenic calli of avena sativa (with the regeneration capacity ofless than 10%) irradiated with uv at an intensity of 300 muw/cm(2) for 30 s, 1 min, 2 min, 3 min, 5 min were used as the donor. protoplasts ofthe recipient and the donor ...	2003	18763139
milk fatty acid composition of cows fed a total mixed ration or pasture plus concentrates replacing corn with fat.	thirty-one holstein cows (six ruminally cannulated) were used to evaluate milk fatty acids (fa) composition and conjugated linoleic acid (cla) content on three dietary treatments: 1) total mixed rations (tmr), 2) pasture (avena sativa l.) plus 6.7 kg dm/d of corn-based concentrate (pcorn), and 3) pasture plus pcorn with 0.8 kg dm/d of ca salts of unsaturated fa replacing 1.9 kg dm/d of corn (pfat). no differences were found in total (22.4 kg/d) or pasture (18.5 kg/d) dry matter intake, ruminal p ...	2003	14594244
willet m. hays, great benefactor to plant breeding and the founder of our association.	willet m. hays was a great benefactor to plant breeding and the founder of the american genetic association (aga). we commemorate the aga's centennial. we mined university archives, u.s. department of agriculture (usda) yearbooks, plant breeding textbooks, scientific periodicals, and descendants for information. willet hays first recognized the individual plant as the unit of selection and started systematic pure-line selection and progeny tests in 1888. he developed useful plant breeding method ...	2003	14691309
growth performance, carcass and pork quality of finisher pigs fed oat-based diets containing different levels of beta-glucans.	a study was undertaken to investigate the growth performance and carcass and meat quality of pigs (bw = 52 to 108 kg) fed oat-based (avena sativa l.) diets containing four levels of mixed-linkage (1 --> 3), (1 --> 4)-beta-d-glucans. one hundred sixty pigs-80 barrows and 80 gilts (average starting bw = 52.7 kg)--were allocated to one of five diets: a wheat-barley-based control diet and four experimental diets. the groats of marion, a covered oat, and ot789, a hulless oat, were used to formulate f ...	2003	12643489
inhibitory effect of sejin-eum i/ii on nicotine- and cigarette extract-induced cytotoxicity in human lung fibroblast.	nicotine is a major pharmacologically active component of cigarette smoke. excessive cigarette smoking is harmful to lung. sejin-eum (sje) i is composed of various oriental medicines, and sje ii is sje i plus seeds of avena sativa (gramineae) that reduces the craving for cigarette in man. in this study, we have examined whether an aqueous extract of sje i/ii inhibits nicotine- or cigarette extract (ce)-induced cytotoxicity in human embryonic lung fibroblast, mrc-9. assessment of cell viability u ...	2003	12686436
"chitin-specific" peroxidases in plants.	the activity of various plant peroxidases and the ability of their individual isoforms to bind chitin was studied. some increase in peroxidase activity was observed in crude extracts in the presence of chitin. activated peroxidases of some species fell in the fraction not sorbed on chitin and those of other species can bind chitin. only anionic isoperoxidases from oat (avena sativa), rice (oryza sativa), horseradish (armoracia rusticana), garden radish (raphanus sativus var. radicula), peanut (a ...	2003	12693984
replacement value of undecorticated sunflower meal as a supplement for milk production by crossbred cows and buffaloes in the northern plains of india.	the replacement value of undecorticated sunflower meal (sfm) in the diets of dairy animals was assessed on-station and on-farm. eighteen primiparous crossbred (bos taurus x bos indicus) cows (350.4 +/- 8.84 kg), randomly allocated to three groups, were used in the on-station study. the animals were fed on either a conventional concentrate supplement (control) or on an experimental concentrate, in which sfm replaced 25% (sfm-25) or 50% (sfm-50) of the cp in the control supplement. green oats (ave ...	2003	12735704
the development and evaluation of consensus chloroplast primer pairs that possess highly variable sequence regions in a diverse array of plant taxa.	although universal or consensus chloroplast primers are available, they are limited by their number and genomic distribution. therefore, a set of consensus chloroplast primer pairs for simple sequence repeats (ccssrs) analysis was constructed from tobacco (nicotiana tabacum l.) chloroplast sequences. these were then tested for their general utility in the genetic analysis of a diverse array of plant taxa. in order to increase the number of ccssrs beyond that previously reported, the target seque ...	2003	12827249
joint effects of elevated levels of ultraviolet-b radiation, carbon dioxide and ozone on plants.	there is growing interest regarding the joint effects of elevated levels of surface ultraviolet b (uv-b) radiation, carbon dioxide (co2) and ozone (o3) on plants. our current knowledge of this subject is too limited to draw any specific conclusions, although one might state that such effects are likely to be highly species dependent and may be more than additive, additive or less than additive. there are a number of uncertainties associated with the experimental protocols used and the conclusion ...	2003	14743861