Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| chemical characterization of new oxylipins from cestrum parqui, and their effects on seed germination and early seedling growth. | isolation, chemical characterization, and phytotoxicity of five new oxylipins, together with seven already known related compounds, from cestrum parqui l' hérl. is reported. all the structures were elucidated on the basis of their spectral data, especially 1d-(1h- and 13c-nmr, dept) and 2d-nmr (cosy, tocsy, hsqc, hmbc, and noesy). the configurations of the stereogenic c-atoms were determined by the mosher's method. the compounds have been assayed for their phytotoxicity on lactuca sativa at conc ... | 2008 | 18816534 |
| [calcium distribution in the central cell of lettuce (lactuca sativa l.) before and after pollination]. | potassium antimonite precipitation was used to locate calcium in the central cell of lettuce (lactuca sativa l.) before and after pollination. at 3d before anthesis, two polar nuclei of central cell separately located at two polarity of the cell, and few calcium precipitates (ppts) appeared in the polar nuclei and cytoplasm, but some ppts in its small vacuoles. at 2d before anthesis, two polar nuclei moved toward the middle of the cell and fused to form a secondary nucleus, and the ppts evidentl ... | 2008 | 18464591 |
| salt in irrigation water affects the nutritional and visual properties of romaine lettuce (lactuca sativa l.). | the influence of salinity stress on the growth, appearance, and nutritional compounds, especially phenolic compounds and carotenoids, of romaine lettuce (lactuca sativa l.), a low salt tolerant plant, was studied. the dry weight, height, and color of the lettuce plants were significantly changed by long-term irrigation (15 days) with higher nacl concentration (i.e., >100 mm). however, no significant differences were observed in the growth and appearance among the control, all short-term treatmen ... | 2008 | 18439016 |
| environmental fate and effects of nicotine released during cigarette production. | a variety of test methods were used to study the gradation, bioaccumulation, and toxicity of nicotine. studies included determination of the octanol-water partition coefficient, conversion to co2 in soil and activated sludge, and evaluation of the effects on microbiological and algal inhibition as well as plant germination and root elongation. the partitioning of nicotine between octanol and water indicated that nicotine will not bioaccumulate regardless of the ph of the medium. the aqueous and ... | 2008 | 18399728 |
| preparation and phytotoxicity of novel kaurane diterpene amides with potential use as herbicides. | novel kaurane ditepene monoamides were synthesized in good yields directly from kaurenoic ( 1) and grandiflorenic ( 2) acids and unprotected symmetrical diamines, using a modified protocol for monoacylation. amides from 1 and 2 and monoamines were also obtained and tested against seed germination and growth of radicle and shoot of lactuca sativa (lettuce), at 10 (-3), 10 (-5), and 10 (-7) m. amides from symmetrical diamines showed significant inhibitory activity at higher concentrations. | 2008 | 18393433 |
| role of syrphid larvae and other predators in suppressing aphid infestations in organic lettuce on california's central coast. | organic lettuce, lactuca sativa l., growers on the central coast of california rely on conservation biological control to manage nasonovia ribisnigri mosley (hemiptera: aphididae) and other aphid pests of lettuce. in 2006, we carried out five replicated field trials to determine the importance of syrphid larvae in the suppression of n. ribisnigri and other aphids infesting organic romaine lettuce. we used entrust, a spinosad-based insecticide approved for use on organic farms, to suppress syrphi ... | 2008 | 18950033 |
| phytotoxic effects of leukamenin e (an ent-kaurene diterpenoid) on root growth and root hair development in lactuca sativa l. seedlings. | leukamenin e, an ent-kaurene diterpenoid isolated from isodon racemosa (hemsl) hara, showed phytotoxic effects on root growth and root hair development of lettuce seedlings (lactuca sativa l.). lower concentrations (10 microm) of leukamenin e did not affect root growth, but at concentrations higher than 50 microm, the rate was inhibited. the influence of leukamenin e on root growth rate was closely correlated with alterations in the mitotic index. a low incidence of aberrant mitosis image was ob ... | 2008 | 18937011 |
| metabolic fate of [14c] chlorophenols in radish (raphanus sativus), lettuce (lactuca sativa), and spinach (spinacia oleracea). | chlorophenols are potentially harmful pollutants that are found in numerous natural and agricultural systems. plants are a sink for xenobiotics, which occur either intentionally or not, as they are unable to eliminate them although they generally metabolize them into less toxic compounds. the metabolic fate of [ (14)c] 4-chlorophenol (4-cp), [ (14)c] 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-dcp), and [ (14)c] 2,4,5-trichlorophenol (2,4,5-tcp) was investigated in lettuce, spinach, and radish to locate putative to ... | 2008 | 18763782 |
| genetic variation for lettuce seed thermoinhibition is associated with temperature-sensitive expression of abscisic acid, gibberellin, and ethylene biosynthesis, metabolism, and response genes. | lettuce (lactuca sativa 'salinas') seeds fail to germinate when imbibed at temperatures above 25 degrees c to 30 degrees c (termed thermoinhibition). however, seeds of an accession of lactuca serriola (uc96us23) do not exhibit thermoinhibition up to 37 degrees c in the light. comparative genetics, physiology, and gene expression were analyzed in these genotypes to determine the mechanisms governing the regulation of seed germination by temperature. germination of the two genotypes was differenti ... | 2008 | 18753282 |
| development of a biomarker for metal bioavailability: the lettuce fatty acid composition. | because lactuca sativa l. is a plant widely used in ecotoxicological analyses, a study was developed to determine whether the fatty acid composition of lettuce leaves could be used as an additional biomarker of soil contamination by metals such as pb, cu, zn, and cd. unlike seed germination or seedling growth, the fatty acid composition of lettuce leaves differed significantly between uncontaminated and field metal-contaminated soils. hence, this lipid biomarker might provide an early indication ... | 2008 | 18419182 |
| hormesis in mixtures -- can it be predicted? | binary mixture studies are well established for mixtures of pollutants, pesticides, or allelochemicals and sound statistical methods are available to evaluate the results in relation to reference models. the majority of mixture studies are conducted to investigate the effect of one compound on the inhibitory action of another. however, since stimulatory responses to low concentrations of chemicals are gaining increased attention and improved statistical models are available to describe this phen ... | 2008 | 18640701 |
| hybridization rates between lettuce (lactuca sativa) and its wild relative (l. serriola) under field conditions. | hybridization and introgression between crops and wild relatives may have important evolutionary and ecological consequences such as gene swamping or increased invasiveness. in the present study, we investigated hybridization under field conditions between crop lettuce (lactuca sativa) and its wild relative prickly lettuce (l. serriola), two cross-compatible, predominantly autogamous and insect pollinated species. in 2003 and 2004, we estimated the rates of hybridization between l. sativa and l. ... | 2008 | 18549768 |
| antifeedant and phytotoxic activity of the sesquiterpene p-benzoquinone perezone and some of its derivatives. | the sesquiterpene p-benzoquinone perezone (1), isolated from perezia adnata var. alamani (asteraceae), and its non-natural derivatives isoperezone (2), dihydroperezone (3), dihydroisoperezone (4), and anilidoperezone (5) were tested as antifeedants against the herbivorous insects spodoptera littoralis, leptinotarsa decemlineata, and myzus persicae. compounds 1-5 exhibited strong antifeedant activity against l. decemlineata and m. persicae, and elicited a low response by s. littoralis. antifeedan ... | 2008 | 18528728 |
| oil palm waste and synthetic zeolite: an alternative soil-less growth substrate for lettuce production as a waste management practice. | a study was conducted to assess the characteristics and the prospective utilization of oil palm waste (op) and synthetic zeolite (sz) developed by coal fly ash, as an alternative substrate to peat and commercial perlite for lettuce (lactuca sativa l.) production. the sz, op, sphagnum peat (pe), perlite (pl) and two different sz-op mixtures (v/v) at the ratio of 1 : 3 and 1 : 10 were utilized as the substrates under this study. the substrates formulated by mixing sz with op at the ratio of 1 : 3 ... | 2008 | 19039073 |
| phenyl cinnamate derivatives from oxalis pes-caprae. | during the screening of mediterranean invasive plants, oxalis pes-caprae was identified as promising species. the fresh leaves and twigs of the plant were crumbled and extracted with acoet. the solution was concentrated, and separated into acidic and neutral fractions. the crude neutral residue was fractionated by chromatographic procedures, followed by structure elucidation on the basis of 1h- and 13c-nmr, and ms data analysis, and six new phenyl cinnamate derivatives were identified. the phyto ... | 2008 | 19035569 |
| selecting single-copy nuclear genes for plant phylogenetics: a preliminary analysis for the senecioneae (asteraceae). | compared to organelle genomes, the nuclear genome comprises a vast reservoir of genes that potentially harbor phylogenetic signal. despite the valuable data that sequencing projects of model systems offer, relatively few single-copy nuclear genes are being used in systematics. in part this is due to the challenges inherent in generating orthologous sequences, a problem that is ameliorated when the gene family in question has been characterized in related organisms. here we illustrate the utility ... | 2008 | 18305978 |
| comparative analysis of the complete sequence of the plastid genome of parthenium argentatum and identification of dna barcodes to differentiate parthenium species and lines. | parthenium argentatum (guayule) is an industrial crop that produces latex, which was recently commercialized as a source of latex rubber safe for people with type i latex allergy. the complete plastid genome of p. argentatum was sequenced. the sequence provides important information useful for genetic engineering strategies. comparison to the sequences of plastid genomes from three other members of the asteraceae, lactuca sativa, guitozia abyssinica and helianthus annuus revealed details of the ... | 2009 | 19917140 |
| unusual products of the aqueous chlorination of atenolol. | the reaction of the drug atenolol with hypochlorite under conditions that simulate wastewater disinfection was investigated. the pharmaceutical reacted in 1h yielding three products that were separated by chromatographic techniques and characterized by spectroscopic features. two unusual products 2-(4-(3-(chloro(2-chloropropan-2-yl)amino)-2-hydroxypropoxy)phenyl) acetamide and 2-(4-(3-formamido-2-hydroxypropoxy)phenyl) acetamide were obtained along with 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl) acetamide. when the re ... | 2009 | 18996563 |
| use of spent mushroom substrates from agaricus subrufescens (syn. a. blazei, a. brasiliensis) and lentinula edodes productions in the enrichment of a soil-based potting media for lettuce (lactuca sativa) cultivation: growth promotion and soil bioremediation. | this study aimed to assess physicochemical and microbiological properties of fresh spent mushroom substrates (smss)--without post-crop heat treatment--from agaricus subrufescens and lentinula edodes production to optimize the use of these residues in the soil enrichment for lettuce growth promotion and soil remediation. organic matter and c content of both smss were high. fresh a. subrufescens sms was a good source of n, p and k. on the other hand, l. edodes sms presented a lower concentration o ... | 2009 | 19467593 |
| comprehensive proteome analysis of lettuce latex using multidimensional protein-identification technology. | commercially, lettuce (lactuca sativa) is one of the most important leafy vegetables. lettuce produces a milky latex of variable chemical compositions within its laticifers. as a step toward understanding the main physiological roles of this latex in higher plants, we embarked on its proteomic analysis. we investigated 587 latex proteins that were identified from the lettuce latex using multidimensional protein-identification technology. a bioinformatics analysis showed that the most frequently ... | 2009 | 19356777 |
| phytotoxic aromatic constituents of oxalis pes-caprae. | a cinnamic acid ester, two dihydrocinnamic acid esters, a noroxyneolignan, a dibenzyl ether derivative, along with common aromatic compounds and flavonoids were isolated from the extracts of fresh leaves and twigs of oxalis pes-caprae. the structures of these aromatic compounds were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analyses, especially 2d-nmr techniques. their effects on the germination and growth of lactuca sativa l. as standard target species have been studied at concentrations ranging ... | 2009 | 19353540 |
| ecological genomics of natural plant populations: the israeli perspective. | the genomic era revolutionized evolutionary population biology. the ecological genomics of the wild progenitors of wheat and barley reviewed here was central in the research program of the institute of evolution, university of haifa, since 1975 ( http://evolution.haifa.ac.il ). we explored the following questions: (1) how much of the genomic and phenomic diversity of wild progenitors of cultivars (wild emmer wheat, triticum dicoccoides, the progenitor of most wheat, plus wild relatives of the ae ... | 2009 | 19347652 |
| bioactive furanoeremophilanes from senecio otites kunze ex dc. | the furanoeremophilanes 6 beta-angeloyloxy-1,10-dehydrofuranoeremophilan-9-one (1), 6 beta-hydroxy-1,10-dehydrofuranoeremophilan-9-one (2) and 6 beta-propionyloxy-1,10-dehydrofuranoeremophilan-9-one (3) were isolated from senecio otites, their structures elucidated by spectral analyses, and their insecticidal and phytotoxic properties evaluated. compounds 1-3 proved to be effective aphid antifeedants against myzus persicae and rhopalosiphum padi and had postingestive negative effects on spodopte ... | 2009 | 19227831 |
| ethylene reduces gas exchange and growth of lettuce plants under hypobaric and normal atmospheric conditions. | elevated levels of ethylene occur in controlled environment agriculture and in spaceflight environments, leading to adverse plant growth and sterility. the objectives of this research were to characterize the influence of ethylene on carbon dioxide (co(2)) assimilation (c(a)), dark period respiration (dpr) and growth of lettuce (lactuca sativa l. cv. buttercrunch) under ambient and low total pressure conditions. lettuce plants were grown under variable total gas pressures of 25 kpa (hypobaric) a ... | 2009 | 19175518 |
| chlorogenic acid facilitates root hair formation in lettuce seedlings. | root hairs, which arise from root epidermal cells, are tubular structures that increase the efficiency of water absorption and nutrient uptake. a low ph (ph 4) medium induced root hair formation in lettuce (lactuca sativa l.) seedlings, and the decapitation of shoots inhibited root hair formation. the addition of shoot extract to the medium restored root hair formation in the decapitated lettuce seedlings. these results suggest that factors essential to the formation of root hairs may be present ... | 2009 | 19168456 |
| microsatellite instability in lactuca sativa chronically exposed to cadmium. | cadmium (cd) is a cytotoxic, mutagenic and carcinogenic metal. mutagenesis is indicative of genetic instability and can be assayed by use of microsatellite markers (simple sequence repeats, ssrs). these are tandem-repeated tracts of dna composed of units that are 1-6 base pairs (bp) long, spread throughout the genome and highly polymorphic. ssrs can be used in the detection of genomic dna damage and/or mutational events (e.g. deletions, insertions, point mutations). in order to study chronic exp ... | 2009 | 19041419 |
| secondary metabolism and antioxidants are involved in environmental adaptation and stress tolerance in lettuce. | lettuce (lactuca sativa) plants grown in a protective environment, similar to in vitro conditions, were acclimated in a growth chamber and subjected to water stress to examine the activation of genes involved in secondary metabolism and biosynthesis of antioxidants. the expression of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (pal), gamma-tocopherol methyl transferase (gamma-tmt) and l-galactose dehydrogenase (l-galdh) genes involved in the biosynthesis of phenolic compounds, alpha-tocopherol and ascorbic acid ... | 2009 | 18562042 |
| arsenate toxicity for wheat and lettuce in six chinese soils with different properties. | to assess soil arsenic (as, in the form of arsenate) toxicity to plants, 6-d root elongation tests on wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and lettuce (lactuca sativa) were conducted in six chinese soils freshly spiked with as. plants were treated with 7 or 10 levels of as to establish concentration-effect curves. median effective concentration and 10% effective concentration values were derived with regression analysis to measure as toxic potencies, and no-observed-effect concentration was determined b ... | 2009 | 19379017 |
| moderate and high doses of sodium hypochlorite, neutral electrolyzed oxidizing water, peroxyacetic acid, and gaseous chlorine dioxide did not affect the nutritional and sensory qualities of fresh-cut iceberg lettuce (lactuca sativa var. capitata l.) after washing. | besides the traditionally used sodium hypochlorite (20 and 200 mg l(-1)), alternative sanitizers such as peroxyacetic acid (80 and 250 mg l(-1)) and neutral electrolyzed oxidizing water (4.5 and 30 mg l(-1) free chlorine) as well as chlorine dioxide gas (1.54 mg l(-1)) were evaluated for their efficiency in reducing the microbial load of fresh-cut iceberg lettuce. an additional rinsing step with tap water and cooling of the sanitizing solutions, which are obvious for the fresh-cut industry, were ... | 2009 | 19371140 |
| chemical basis for the phytotoxicity of n-aryl hydroxamic acids and acetanilide analogues. | germination inhibition activity of n-aryl hydroxamic acids and acetanilide analogues was measured on lettuce seeds (lactuca sativa). lipophilicity of the compounds was determined by hplc. a correlation between lipophilicity values and percentage of germination inhibition was established. a model mechanism of action for auxin was used for analyzing the effect of the substituent at the alpha carbon atom (ca) on the polarization of hydroxamic and amide functions in relation to the germination inhib ... | 2009 | 18669025 |
| association mapping and marker-assisted selection of the lettuce dieback resistance gene tvr1. | lettuce (lactuca saliva l.) is susceptible to dieback, a soilborne disease caused by two viruses from the family tombusviridae. susceptibility to dieback is widespread in romaine and leaf-type lettuce, while modern iceberg cultivars are resistant to this disease. resistance in iceberg cultivars is conferred by tvr1 - a single, dominant gene that provides durable resistance. this study describes fine mapping of the resistance gene, analysis of nucleotide polymorphism and linkage disequilibrium in ... | 2009 | 19930659 |
| irrigation with treated wastewater: effects on soil, lettuce (lactuca sativa l.) crop and dynamics of microorganisms. | the aim of this study was to evaluate the applicability of treated wastewater for horticultural crops, assess the effects of continuous use of treated water on soil and crops, and analyse the physical, chemical and biological effects of irrigation with recycled water. two lettuce plots watered with drinking water and treated wastewater were monitored over a three year period. nutrients, heavy metal and the dynamics of pathogen and indicator microorganism content in soil and foliar tissues were a ... | 2009 | 19847714 |
| ecological risks of an old wood impregnation mill: application of the triad approach. | although many studies deal with the distribution and mobility of chromated copper arsenate (cca) metals in soil, the ecotoxicity of cca-contaminated soils is rarely studied. the triad approach was applied to determine the ecological risks posed by a cca mixture at a decommissioned wood impregnation mill in southern finland. a combination of (1) chemical analyses; (2) toxicity tests with plants (aquatic: lemna minor; terrestrial: lactuca sativa), earthworms (lumbricus rubellus), and enchytraeids ... | 2009 | 20050027 |
| toxicity assessment from electro-coagulation treated-textile dye wastewaters by bioassays. | in this study the pollutant removal from a textile dyeing wastewater has been investigated by using the electro-coagulation technique with iron electrodes. in order to obtain optimal values of the system state variables, a 3(3) full factorial experimental design was applied. the electro-coagulation (ec) process response was evaluated on the basis of cod removal and decolourization values. the electrolysis time and density current were statistically significant for the cod removal and decolouriza ... | 2009 | 19640647 |
| nitrate content of lettuce (lactuca sativa l.) after fertilization with sewage sludge and irrigation with treated wastewater. | a romaine-type lettuce (lactuca sativa l.) was cultivated over three crop seasons (spring 2005, spring 2006 and autumn-winter 2006) in six 36 m(2) plots in alcázar de san juan, spain. a drip irrigation system was used to water all plots: five plots with drinking water and one plot with wastewater from the activated sludge system of a wastewater treatment plant (wwtp). one drinking water-irrigated plot was not fertilized (control). five different treatments were applied to the soil: three organic ... | 2009 | 19680887 |
| development of est-ssr markers for the study of population structure in lettuce (lactuca sativa l.). | a set of 61 simple sequence repeat (ssr) markers was developed from the 19,523 lactuca sativa and lactuca serriola unigenes. approximately 4.5% of the unigenes contained a perfect ssr at least 20 bp long, corresponding to roughly 1 perfect ssr per 14.7 kb. marker polymorphism was tested on a set comprising 96 accessions representing all major horticultural types and 3 wild species (l. serriola, lactuca saligna, and lactuca virosa). both the average marker heterozygosity (uhe = 0.32) and the numb ... | 2009 | 18796462 |
| ultraviolet radiation as a limiting factor in leaf expansion and development. | reductions in leaf growth are a commonly observed response to ultraviolet radiation, but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly defined. this study examined the response of leaves exposed to a uv environment across a range of organizational scales, including leaf expansion rate, epidermal cell size and number, biomechanical properties, leaf-water relations and activity of cell-wall peroxidases. two experimental approaches were used; lettuce (lactuca sativa l.) plants were propagated under (a) s ... | 2009 | 18764892 |
| assessment of biomarkers of cadmium stress in lettuce. | laboratory and field studies have provided encouraging insights into the capacity of plants to act as biomonitors of environmental quality through the use of biomarkers. however, a better understanding of the overall process of cd-induced senescence, describing the cascade of cd effects in plants is needed for a selection of relevant biomarkers of cd stress. in order to approach this, 5-week old lactuca sativa l. were exposed for 14 days to 100mum cd(no(3))(2) and harvested at days 0, 1, 3, 7 an ... | 2009 | 18952284 |
| tributyltin and triphenyltin uptake by lettuce. | this paper provides quantitative information on the transfer of tbt (tributyltin) and tpht (triphenyltin) from sludged soil to cultivated lettuce. the effect of their initial concentrations in the soil (varying from 20 to 50 microg(sn)kg(-1) for each triorganotin), sludge amount (between 1% and 9%), and cultivation duration (32-54 days) was evaluated by means of experimental designs. the impact of the cultivation temperature at 13 degrees c and 19 degrees c on organotin fate in the soil/plant sy ... | 2009 | 18951698 |
| dry deposition of gaseous radioiodine and particulate radiocaesium onto leafy vegetables. | radionuclides released to the atmosphere during dry weather (e.g. after a nuclear accident) may contaminate vegetable foods and cause exposure to humans via the food chain. to obtain experimental data for an appropriate assessment of this exposure path, dry deposition of radionuclides to leafy vegetables was studied under homogeneous and controlled greenhouse conditions. gaseous (131)i-tracer in predominant elemental form and particulate (134)cs-tracer at about 1 mum diameter were used to identi ... | 2009 | 19640563 |
| [compositae dermatitis]. | compositae dermatitis is an allergic contact dermatitis caused by plant species of the compositae family. the first report of a cutaneous reaction to the chrysanthemum genus was made by howe js in 1887. in 1895 maiden jh reported about skin lesions among men working with tagetes minuta. case reports of contact allergic-ragweed dermatitis appeared in the american literature as early as 1919. the north american feverfew--parthenium hysterophorus was brought to india from america in 1956 and it cau ... | 2009 | 12793186 |
| immobilized inocula of white-rot fungi accelerate both detoxification and organic matter transformation in two-phase dry olive-mill residue. | the potential use for agronomic purposes of dry olive-mill residue (dor), solid waste from the olive oil two-phase extraction process, might be impaired by its phytotoxicity. although fungal treatments can detoxify dor, long times are required for these processes. the objective of this study was to assess whether the addition of immobilized fungal inocula to dor might improve colonization rates, thus reducing the time necessary for its detoxification and bioconversion. inocula of panus tigrinus ... | 2009 | 19469503 |
| reducing plant uptake of pahs by cationic surfactant-enhanced soil retention. | reducing the transfer of contaminants from soils to plants is a promising approach to produce safe agricultural products grown on contaminated soils. in this study, 0-400 mg/kg cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (ctmab) and dodecylpyridinium bromide (ddpb) were separately utilized to enhance the sorption of pahs onto soils, thereby reducing the transfer of pahs from soil to soil solution and subsequently to plants. concentrations of phenanthrene and pyrene in vegetables grown in contaminated soils t ... | 2009 | 19232798 |
| degradation and ecotoxicity of the biomedical drug artemisinin in soil. | the plant artemisia annua l. is cropped in many countries for production of the antimalarial drug artemisinin. artemisinin is phytotoxic and has insecticidal activity. large-scale cultivation of a. annua may cause transfer of artemisinin to soil and, hence, may affect both soil organisms and the aquatic environment if the compound is leachable. in the present study, a new method for extraction of artemisinin from soil was developed, and field concentrations and degradation kinetics of artemisini ... | 2009 | 19391681 |
| phytotoxicity of constituents of glandular trichomes and the leaf surface of camphorweed, heterotheca subaxillaris. | camphorweed, heterotheca subaxillaris (lam.) britt. & rusby, has a camphor-like odor, and its leaf surfaces contain glandular trichomes of the type shown to contain high levels of isoprenoids in other species. borneol (1), the phytotoxic calamenene-type sesquiterpenes (2-5, 9-11), and methylated flavones (12-15) were isolated from the dichloromethane rinsate of camphorweed aerial tissues. the strongest plant growth inhibitor against agrostis stolonifera and lactuca sativa seedlings, as well as d ... | 2009 | 19054533 |
| 2-3h-benzoxazolinone (boa) induces loss of salt tolerance in salt-adapted plants. | in order to test the stress hypothesis of allelopathy of reigosa et al. (1999, 2002), the combined action of a well-established allelochemical compound (2-3h-benzoxazolinone, boa) and a common abiotic stress (salt stress) were investigated in lettuce (lactuca sativa l.). in a previous study (baerson et al. 2005), we demonstrated that the primary effects of boa are related to the expression of genes involved in detoxification and stress responses, which might serve to simultaneously alleviate bio ... | 2009 | 19538396 |
| toxicity of perfluorooctane sulfonate and perfluorooctanoic acid to plants and aquatic invertebrates. | acute toxicities of perfluorooctane sulfonate (pfos) and perfluorooctanoic acid (pfoa) were tested on four freshwater species and three plant species. pfos was more toxic than pfoa for all species tested in this study. similar time-response patterns of pfos and pfoa toxicity were observed for each tested species. values of the 48-h lc(50) of pfos for all test species ranged from 27 to 233 mg/l and values of the 96-h lc(50) for three of the species ranged from 10 to 178 mg/l. values of the 48-h l ... | 2009 | 18461560 |
| [bio-objects and biological methods of space radiation effects evaluation]. | the unique conditions of space experiments place austere requirements to bio-objects and biological methods of radiation effects evaluation. the paper discusses suitability of a number of bio-objects varying in stage of evolution and metabolism for space researches aimed to state common patterns of the radiation damage caused by heavy ions (hi), and character of hi-cell interaction. physical detectors in space experiments of the bioblock series make it possible to identify bio-objects hit by spa ... | 2009 | 20120909 |
| comparative large-scale analysis of interactions between several crop species and the effector repertoires from multiple pathovars of pseudomonas and ralstonia. | bacterial plant pathogens manipulate their hosts by injection of numerous effector proteins into host cells via type iii secretion systems. recognition of these effectors by the host plant leads to the induction of a defense reaction that often culminates in a hypersensitive response manifested as cell death. genes encoding effector proteins can be exchanged between different strains of bacteria via horizontal transfer, and often individual strains are capable of infecting multiple hosts. host p ... | 2009 | 19571308 |
| potential internalisation of caliciviruses in lettuce. | fresh produce such as lettuce (lactuca sativa) has often been linked to epidemic viral gastroenteritis. in these cases, it is unknown whether the viral contamination has occurred during the growing or the processing of the implicated product. in this study lettuce was grown in the presence of enteric viruses, and the uptake of viruses via the roots into the edible parts (leaves and stem) of the lettuce plants was investigated, for plants with both intact and damaged roots. the roots of lettuce, ... | 2009 | 19720414 |
| in situ stabilization of cadmium-, lead-, and zinc-contaminated soil using various amendments. | chemical stabilization is an in situ remediation method that uses inexpensive amendments to reduce contaminant availability in polluted soil. we tested the effects of several amendments (limestone, red-mud, and furnace slag) on the extractability of heavy metals, microbial activities, phytoavailability of soil metals (assessed using lettuce, lactuca sativa l.), and availability of heavy metals in ingested soil to the human gastrointestinal system (assessed using the physiologically based extract ... | 2009 | 19786291 |
| three combined quantitative trait loci from nonhost lactuca saligna are sufficient to provide complete resistance of lettuce against bremia lactucae. | the nonhost resistance of wild lettuce (lactuca saligna) to downy mildew (bremia lactucae) is based on at least 15 quantitative trait loci (qtl), each effective at one or more plant developmental stages. we used qtl pyramiding (stacking) to determine how many of these qtl from l. saligna are sufficient to impart complete resistance towards b. lactucae to cultivated lettuce, l. sativa. the alleles of four of the most promising qtl, rbq4, rbq5, rbq6+11, and rbq7 are effective at both the young and ... | 2009 | 19656050 |
| hypochlorite treatments are not a significant source of perchlorate exposure in lettuce. | leafy vegetables, such as lettuce ( lactuca sativa l), have been identified as a potential source of perchlorate exposure to humans. perchlorate is of concern because excessive amounts may impair thyroid function by inhibiting iodide uptake by the sodium iodide symporter. perchlorate has been identified as an oxidation product in sodium hypochlorite. dilute hypochlorite solutions are widely used on lettuce as a preservative and as a treatment to reduce microbial food risks. however, the potentia ... | 2009 | 19245207 |
| evaluation of treatments for elimination of foodborne pathogens on the surface of leaves and roots of lettuce (lactuca sativa l.). | several outbreaks of salmonella and escherichia coli o157:h7 infections have been associated with consumption of leafy greens. questions remain concerning the ability of these pathogens to become internalized within lettuce and spinach tissues. an effective validated surface disinfection method for lettuce is needed before factors affecting internalization of pathogens can be studied. the objective of this study was to develop a surface disinfection method for lettuce leaves and roots. iceberg l ... | 2009 | 19350966 |
| impact of light variation on development of photoprotection, antioxidants, and nutritional value in lactuca sativa l. | lettuce plants were grown at low (ll), middle (ml), and high light (hl) conditions to examine the relationship between photoacclimatory plasticity, light energy utilization, and antioxidant capacity. with the increase in light intensity from ll to ml, the energy flux via deltaph- and xanthophylls-regulated thermal dissipation, fluorescence and constitutive thermal dissipation, and electron transport for photorespiratory carbon oxidation all increased significantly. however, plants at hl exhibite ... | 2009 | 19435354 |
| microbial enumeration of different functional groups and bacterial behavior in acid basic conditions of a biotoxic landfill leachate of bahía blanca, argentina. | leachate is liquid waste from refuse biological decomposition or rainwater percolation in a landfill. this research focused on leachate produced by a landfill in bahia blanca, buenos aires, argentina. the research studied the main microbial populations involved in wastewater treatment, analyzed the behavior of bacteria isolated from leachate at different ph values, and appraised leachate biotoxicity. the number of bacteria varied by type, ranging from 1 x 10(4) to 1 x 10(5) cuf/ml aerobic hetero ... | 2009 | 19472947 |
| differential effects of pseudomonas mendocina and glomus intraradices on lettuce plants physiological response and aquaporin pip2 gene expression under elevated atmospheric co2 and drought. | arbuscular mycorrhizal (am) symbiosis and plant-growth-promoting rhizobacterium (pgpr) can alleviate the effects of water stress in plants, but it is unknown whether these benefits can be maintained at elevated co2. therefore, we carried out a study where seedlings of lactuca sativa were inoculated with the am fungus (amf) glomus intraradices n.c. schenk & g.s. sm. or the pgpr pseudomonas mendocina palleroni and subjected to two levels of watering and two levels of atmospheric co2 to ascertain t ... | 2009 | 19495853 |
| the genomic architecture of disease resistance in lettuce. | genbank and the compositae genome project database, containing over 42,000 lettuce unigenes from lactuca sativa cv. salinas and l. serriola accession uc96us23 were mined to identify 702 candidate genes involved in pathogen recognition (rgcs), resistance signal transduction, defense responses, and disease susceptibility. in addition, to identify sequences representing additional sub-families of nucleotide binding site (nbs)-leucine-rich repeat encoding genes; the major classes of resistance genes ... | 2009 | 19005638 |
| transgenic lettuce producing a candidate protein for vaccine against edema disease. | pig edema disease is a bacterial disease caused by shiga toxin 2e-producing escherichia coli belonging mainly to serotypes o138, o139, and o141. the b subunit of shiga toxin 2e (stx2eb) is a candidate protein for use in a vaccine against edema disease. we produced this protein in transgenic lettuce (lactuca sativa), an edible plant that can be cultivated in a factory setting. in a transient expression system, we found that ntadh 5'-untranslated region (5'-utr) functions as a translational enhanc ... | 2009 | 19584542 |
| are uranium-contaminated soil and irrigation water a risk for human vegetables consumers? a study case with solanum tuberosum l., phaseolus vulgaris l. and lactuca sativa l. | the knowledge of uranium concentration, in the products entering the human diet is of extreme importance because of their chemical hazard to health. controlled field experiments with potatoes, beans and lettuce (solanum tuberosum l., phaseolus vulgaris l. and lactuca sativa l.) were carried out in a contaminated soil used by local farmers located near a closed portuguese uranium mine (cunha baixa, mangualde). the soil with high average uranium levels (64-252 mg/kg) was divided in two plots, and ... | 2009 | 19590953 |
| tobacco streak virus isolated from lettuce. | tobacco streak virus (tsv) is an ilarvirus with a worldwide distribution. this virus infects many plants and causes significant yield losses. in this study, 300 samples of lettuce were collected from lettuce fields in tehran province. infected plants show symptoms such as: mosaic, vein clearing, vein necrosis, yellowing and leaf distortion. das-elisa (double antibody sandwich-elisa) was used with a polyclonal antiserum against tsv. five isolates (t1, t2, t3, t4 and t5), which are collected, resp ... | 2009 | 19634475 |
| [agrobacterium-mediated transformation of lettuce (lactuca sativa l.) with vectors bearing genes of bacterial antigenes from mycobacterium tuberculosis]. | transgenic plants of lettuce lactuca sativa l. cv. eralash, sniezinka, rubinovoje kruzevo with genes coding synthesis of tuberculosis antigenes have been obtained by agrobacterium-mediated transformation. cotyledons of in vitro seedlings were used as the initial material for transformation with plasmids pcb063 (genes esat6, nptii) and pcb064 (genes esat6:ag85b(-tmd), nptii). pcr-analysis has shown the presence both selective and target genes in all plants analyzed. at the same time, the rt-pcr h ... | 2009 | 19938623 |
| impact of preinoculation culture conditions on the behavior of escherichia coli o157:h7 inoculated onto romaine lettuce (lactuca sativa) plants and cut leaf surfaces. | inoculum preparation methods can impact growth or survival of organisms inoculated into foods, thus complicating direct comparison of results among studies. the objective of this study was to evaluate preinoculation culture preparation for impact on escherichia coli o157:h7 inoculated onto leaves of romaine lettuce plants and cut leaf surfaces. e. coli o157:h7 was grown quiescently or shaken at 15, 25, or 37 degrees c to different growth phases in tryptic soy or m9 minimal salts broth or agar. c ... | 2009 | 19681285 |
| variations in bioactive substance contents and crop yields of lettuce (lactuca sativa l.) cultivated in soils with different fertilization treatments. | changes in crop yields and bioactive substance contents were studied in lettuce crop concerning the influence of soil nutritional status as a result of compost and vermicompost additions obtained from different organic substrates. plant productions and main pigment contents in lettuce were higher in all the fertilized soils than in the untreated soil, with the exception of the one treated with urban solid waste compost. these positive effects correlate with nitrogen level increase in soil. howev ... | 2009 | 19821565 |
| lack of internalization of escherichia coli o157:h7 in lettuce (lactuca sativa l.) after leaf surface and soil inoculation. | survival and internalization characteristics of escherichia coli o157:h7 in iceberg, romaine, and leaf lettuce after inoculation of leaf surfaces and soil were determined. a five-strain mixture of e. coli o157:h7 in water and cow manure extract was used as an inoculum for abaxial and adaxial sides of leaves at populations of 6 to 7 log and 4 log cfu per plant. the five strains were individually inoculated into soil at populations of 3 and 6 log cfu/g. soil, leaves, and roots were analyzed for th ... | 2009 | 19833024 |
| rin4 causes hybrid necrosis and race-specific resistance in an interspecific lettuce hybrid. | some inter- and intraspecific crosses may result in reduced viability or sterility in the offspring, often due to genetic incompatibilities resulting from interactions between two or more loci. hybrid necrosis is a postzygotic genetic incompatibility that is phenotypically manifested as necrotic lesions on the plant. we observed hybrid necrosis in interspecific lettuce (lactuca sativa and lactuca saligna) hybrids that correlated with resistance to downy mildew. segregation analysis revealed a sp ... | 2009 | 19855048 |
| heat and drought stress during growth of lettuce (lactuca sativa l.) does not promote internalization of escherichia coli o157:h7. | studies were done to determine the effect of heat stress on internalization of escherichia coli o157:h7 in lettuce subjected to different watering practices during growth. iceberg and romaine lettuce were grown in sandy soil in an environmental chamber at 23 degrees c during the day and 7 degrees c at night, with a 12-h photoperiod. thirty days after transplanting seedlings, potting soil was inoculated with a five-strain mixture of green fluorescent protein-labeled e. coli o157:h7 at populations ... | 2009 | 20003727 |
| taking ecological function seriously: soil microbial communities can obviate allelopathic effects of released metabolites. | allelopathy (negative, plant-plant chemical interactions) has been largely studied as an autecological process, often assuming simplistic associations between pairs of isolated species. the growth inhibition of a species in filter paper bioassay enriched with a single chemical is commonly interpreted as evidence of an allelopathic interaction, but for some of these putative examples of allelopathy, the results have not been verifiable in more natural settings with plants growing in soil. | 2009 | 19277112 |
| identification and analyses of candidate genes for rpp4-mediated resistance to asian soybean rust in soybean. | asian soybean rust is a formidable threat to soybean (glycine max) production in many areas of the world, including the united states. only five sources of resistance have been identified (resistance to phakopsora pachyrhizi1 [rpp1], rpp2, rpp3, rpp4, and rpp5). rpp4 was previously identified in the resistant genotype pi459025b and mapped within 2 centimorgans of satt288 on soybean chromosome 18 (linkage group g). using simple sequence repeat markers, we developed a bacterial artificial chromoso ... | 2009 | 19251904 |
| an allelopathic substance in red pine needles (pinus densiflora). | aqueous methanol extracts of red pine (pinus densiflora) needles inhibited the growth of roots and shoots of cress (lepidium sativum), lettuce (lactuca sativa), alfalfa (medicago sativa), ryegrass (lolium multiflorum), timothy (pheleum pratense), digitaria sanguinalis and echinochloa crus-galli. increasing the extract concentration increased inhibition, suggesting that the pine needles may have growth inhibitory substances and possess allelopathic potential. the aqueous methanol extract of the p ... | 2009 | 18755523 |
| pseudomonas cichorii as the causal agent of midrib rot, an emerging disease of greenhouse-grown butterhead lettuce in flanders. | bacterial midrib rot of greenhouse-grown butterhead lettuce (lactuca sativa l. var. capitata) is an emerging disease in flanders (belgium) and fluorescent pseudomonads are suspected to play an important role in the disease. isolations from infected lettuces, collected from 14 commercial greenhouses in flanders, yielded 149 isolates that were characterized polyphasically, which included morphological characteristics, pigmentation, pathogenicity tests by both injection and spraying of lettuce, lop ... | 2009 | 19157742 |
| effects of dietary supplementation with red-pigmented leafy lettuce (lactuca sativa) on lipid profiles and antioxidant status in c57bl/6j mice fed a high-fat high-cholesterol diet. | the present study was undertaken to assess the beneficial effects of a daily consumption of 8 % freeze-dried red-pigmented leafy lettuce (lactuca sativa) on cvd. c57bl/6j mice were fed a high-fat high-cholesterol diet supplemented with or without red-pigmented leafy lettuce for 4 weeks. the present results showed that the red-pigmented leafy lettuce-supplemented diet significantly decreased the level of total and ldl-cholesterol and tag in the plasma of the mice. the atherosclerotic index was ca ... | 2009 | 19243638 |
| environmental stresses induce health-promoting phytochemicals in lettuce. | plants typically respond to environmental stresses by inducing antioxidants as a defense mechanism. as a number of these are also phytochemicals with health-promoting qualities in the human diet, we have used mild environmental stresses to enhance the phytochemical content of lettuce, a common leafy vegetable. five-week-old lettuce (lactuca sativa l.) plants grown in growth chambers were exposed to mild stresses such as heat shock (40 degrees c for 10 min), chilling (4 degrees c for 1d) or high ... | 2009 | 19297184 |
| comparison of sensitivity of grasses (lolium perenne l. and festuca rubra l.) and lettuce (lactuca sativa l.) exposed to water contaminated with microcystins. | the effects of aqueous extracts from microcysts aeruginosa strains (both microcystin-producers and non-microcystin producers) on germination and root growth were investigated for three economically important plant species: festuca rubra l., lolium perenne l., and lactuca sativa l. there was a clear inhibition of root growth for l. sativa exposed to strains containing microcystins (5.9-56.4 microg l(-1)). the strain that produced the most pronounced effects contained the lowest concentration of m ... | 2009 | 19436926 |
| photosynthetic responses of lettuce to downy mildew infection and cytokinin treatment. | changes in primary metabolism of lettuce, lactuca sativa l. (cv. cobham green), induced by compatible interaction with the biotrophic oomycete pathogen bremia lactucae regel (race bl 16), under two intensities of illumination in the presence and absence of exogenous cytokinins were studied by chlorophyll fluorescence imaging. thirteen days post-inoculation leaf discs infected by b. lactucae exhibited impairments of photosynthesis associated with biotrophic infections, including: reductions in ph ... | 2010 | 20471849 |
| influence of soil fumigation by methyl bromide and methyl iodide on rhizosphere and phyllosphere microbial community structure. | rhizosphere and phyllosphere microbial communities were evaluated on roots and leaves of growth chamber-grown lettuce (lactuca sativa (l.) cv. green forest) plants by culture-dependent and -independent methods after soil fumigation. denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (dgge) with 16s rrna primers followed by cloning and sequencing was used to identify major rrna bands from the rhizosphere and phyllosphere. three weeks after fumigation, there were no differences (p = 0.16) in rhizosphere micr ... | 2010 | 20512733 |
| flow cytometric assessment of cd genotoxicity in three plants with different metal accumulation and detoxification capacities. | cadmium (cd) is a widespread environmental contaminant, strongly mutagenic and known to cause dna damage in plants. in this work, flow cytometry (fcm) was applied to determine if in vivo exposure to cd would induce genotoxic effects at the genome level. the hyper-accumulator thlaspi caerulescens (j. & c. presl), the related non-accumulator thlaspi arvense l. and the accumulator crop species lactuca sativa l. were germinated in distilled water and grown in modified hoagland's medium with increasi ... | 2010 | 20663557 |
| molecular analysis of a homogentisate phytyltransferase gene from lactuca sativa l. | tocochromanols, usually known as vitamin e, play a crucial role in human and animal nutrition. the enzyme homogentisate phytyltransferase (hpt) performs the first committed step of the vitamin e biosynthetic pathway. the full-length cdna encoding hpt was isolated from lactuca sativa l. by rapid amplification of cdna ends (race). the cdna, designated as lshpt, was 1,670 bp long containing an open reading frame (orf) of 1,185 bp which encoded a protein of 395 amino acids. sequence analysis indicat ... | 2010 | 20872075 |
| evidence for high degrees of specialisation, evolutionary diversity, and morphological distinctiveness in the genus bremia. | bremia lactucae is one of the most important pathogens in lettuce production. recent molecular studies revealed considerable genetic variation in this species complex. however, only few accessions from the same host have been examined for most species and no study investigating the morphological distinctiveness of phylogenetic lineages of bremia has so far been reported. thus it is believed that morphological species delimitation in bremia is not feasible. in the present study, multiple accessio ... | 2010 | 21315308 |
| herbicidal activity of volatiles from coriander, winter savory, cotton lavender, and thyme isolated by hydrodistillation and supercritical fluid extraction. | the volatiles from coriandrum sativum l., satureja montana l., santolina chamaecyparissus l., and thymus vulgaris l. were isolated by hydrodistillation (essential oil) and supercritical fluid extraction (volatile oil). their effect on seed germination and root and shoot growth of the surviving seedlings of four crops ( zea mays l., triticum durum l., pisum sativum l., and lactuca sativa l.) and two weeds ( portulaca oleracea l. and vicia sativa l.) was investigated and compared with those of two ... | 2010 | 20886818 |
| perchlorate, nitrate, and iodine uptake and distribution in lettuce ( lactuca sativa l.) and potential impact on background levels in humans. | much focus has been placed on the impact of exposure to perchlorate (clo(4)(-)) from drinking water. recently, it has become more apparent that a significant percentage of the total clo(4)(-) exposure may be due to ingestion of food. most studies have only evaluated the uptake and distribution of clo(4)(-) by plants without considering the potential for uptake of iodine (i) by the plant and the subsequent impacts on clo(4)(-) uptake and distribution on human health. the objectives of this resear ... | 2010 | 21047133 |
| ecotoxicological characterization of tannery wastewater in dhaka, bangladesh. | tanning industries are one of the main economic activities in bangladesh. it has been well documented that wastewater discharged from tanneries without appropriate treatment results in detrimental effects on the ecosystem. no ecotoxicity evaluation of any aquatic environment in bangladesh has been conducted so far. in this study a battery of toxicity bioassays and chemical analysis were carried out from water samples obtained from three sampling points: upstream from discharging site on river bu ... | 2010 | 21186722 |
| the role of heterologous chloroplast sequence elements in transgene integration and expression. | heterologous regulatory elements and flanking sequences have been used in chloroplast transformation of several crop species, but their roles and mechanisms have not yet been investigated. nucleotide sequence identity in the photosystem ii protein d1 (psba) upstream region is 59% across all taxa; similar variation was consistent across all genes and taxa examined. secondary structure and predicted gibbs free energy values of the psba 5' untranslated region (utr) among different families reflecte ... | 2010 | 20130101 |
| anti-leukaemic effects of two extract types of lactuca sativa correlate with the activation of chk2, induction of p21, downregulation of cyclin d1 and acetylation of alpha-tubulin. | the water extract of the lettuce lactuca sativa, but not the ethyl acetate extract, inhibited the growth of hl-60 leukaemia cells and mcf-7 breast cancer cells. this correlated with the activation of checkpoint kinase 2 (chk2), the induction of the tumour suppressor p21, and the severe downregulation of the proto-oncogene cyclin d1. the ethyl acetate extract, but not the water extract, induced hl-60 cell death, which correlated with the acetylation of alpha-tubulin. the acetylation of alpha-tubu ... | 2010 | 20204303 |
| hydrolysis of benzonitrile herbicides by soil actinobacteria and metabolite toxicity. | the soil actinobacteria rhodococcus rhodochrous pa-34, rhodococcus sp. ndb 1165 and nocardia globerula nhb-2 grown in the presence of isobutyronitrile exhibited nitrilase activities towards benzonitrile (approx. 1.1-1.9 u mg(-1) dry cell weight). the resting cell suspensions eliminated benzonitrile and the benzonitrile analogues chloroxynil (3,5-dichloro-4-hydroxybenzonitrile), bromoxynil (3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzonitrile) and ioxynil (3,5-diiodo-4-hydroxybenzonitrile) (0.5 mm each) from reacti ... | 2010 | 20204468 |
| phosphomannose isomerase gene for selection in lettuce (lactuca sativa l.) transformation. | a positive selection system using phosphomannose isomerase was employed for agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated transformation of lettuce (lactuca sativa l. var. 'achát'). it was shown that the mannose-based selection system works very well with the lettuce genotype used, reaching up to 25% transformation efficiency on the medium with 20 g/l mannose and 20 g/l sucrose. the best transformation efficacy with the commonly-used kanamycin at 100 mg/l as a selection agent was 21%. southern blot analyse ... | 2010 | 20234883 |
| hydroxylation at carbon-2 of ent-16-oxo-17-norkauran-19-oic acid by fusarium proliferatum. | a new product of biotransformation of ent-16-oxo-17-norkauran-19-oic acid (1) by fusarium proliferatum was isolated and identified as a 2beta-hydroxy derivative (2). the structure of 2 was elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data interpretation and single-crystal x-ray diffraction analysis. the allelopathic activity of compound 2 was evaluated on the growth of radicals and shoots of lactuca sativa (lettuce). this is the first time that fungal hydroxylation at position c-2 has been reported ... | 2010 | 20617817 |
| phytotoxic activities of mediterranean essential oils. | twelve essential oils from mediterranean aromatic plants were tested for their phytotoxic activity, at different doses, against the germination and the initial radicle growth of seeds of raphanus sativus, lactuca sativa and lepidium sativum. the essential oils were obtained from hyssopus officinalis, lavandula angustifolia, majorana hortensis, melissa officinalis, ocimum basilicum, origanum vulgare, salvia officinalis and thymus vulgaris (lamiaceae), verbena officinalis (verbenaceae), pimpinella ... | 2010 | 20657443 |
| a comparative study of human health risks via consumption of food crops grown on wastewater irrigated soil (peshawar) and relatively clean water irrigated soil (lower dir). | food crops irrigated with wastewater are mostly contaminated with heavy metals and considered as a main pathway for human exposure. in this study, soil and food crops samples were collected from wastewater irrigated soils, background and relatively less polluted areas. results of the sequential extraction and total metals concentrations in soils indicated that wastewater irrigation has significantly increased (p > or = 0.001) the bioavailable and total metal contents in wastewater irrigated soil ... | 2010 | 20399016 |
| host range and complete genome sequence of cucurbit chlorotic yellows virus, a new member of the genus crinivirus. | cucurbit chlorotic yellows virus (ccyv) causes chlorotic yellows on cucumber (cucumis sativus) and melon (cucumis melo) and is transmitted by bemisia tabaci biotype b and q whiteflies. to characterize the host range of ccyv, 21 cucurbitaceous and 12 other plant species were inoculated using whitefly vectors. all tested cucumis spp. except cucumis anguria and cucumis zeyheri were systemically infected with ccyv, although infection rates varied among species. citrullus lanatus, cucurbita pepo, and ... | 2010 | 20465411 |
| residues of bioenergy production chains as soil amendments: immediate and temporal phytotoxicity. | the current shift towards bioenergy production increases streams of bioenergy rest-products (rps), which are likely to end-up as soil amendments. however, their impact on soil remains unclear. in this study we evaluated crop phytotoxicity of 15 rps from common bioenergy chains (biogas, biodiesel, bioethanol and pyrolysis). the rps were mixed into a sandy soil and the seedling root and shoot elongation of lettuce (lactuca sativa l.), radish (raphanus sativus l.), and wheat (triticum aestivum l.) ... | 2010 | 21256672 |
| analysis of bacteria, parasites, and heavy metals in lettuce (lactuca sativa) and rocket salad (eruca sativa l.) irrigated with treated effluent from a biological wastewater treatment plant. | this study aimed to evaluate the viability of using treated residuary water from the biological wastewater treatment plant of ribeirão preto to grow vegetables, through the characterization and quantification of parasites, coliforms, and heavy metals. three equal cultivation areas were prepared. the first was irrigated with treated/chlorinated (0.2 mg l(-1)) wastewater, the second one with treated wastewater without chlorination, and the third site with potable water, which was the control group ... | 2010 | 19639268 |
| relative tolerance of a range of australian native plant species and lettuce to copper, zinc, cadmium, and lead. | the tolerance of wild flora to heavy-metal exposure has received very little research. in this study, the tolerance of four native tree species, four native grass species, and lettuce to copper (cu), zinc (zn), cadmium (cd), and lead (pb) was investigated in a root-elongation study using petri dishes. the results of these studies show a diverse range of responses to cu, zn, cd, and pb amongst the tested plant species. toxicity among metals decreased in the following order: cd ~ cu > pb > zn. met ... | 2010 | 20213195 |
| characterization of acc deaminase gene in pseudomonas entomophila strain ps-pjh isolated from the rhizosphere soil. | the enzyme 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (acc) deaminase cleaves the ethylene precursor acc into alpha-ketobutyrate and ammonia. the decreased level of ethylene allows the plant to be more resistant to a wide environmental stress including plant pathogens. in the present study, we characterized the acc deaminase activity of a pseudomonas entomophila strain ps-pjh isolated from the red pepper rhizosphere region of red pepper grown at jinan, korea. the isolate produced 23.8 +/- 0.4 micromol of ... | 2010 | 20082369 |
| expression of a cholera toxin b subunit-neutralizing epitope of the porcine epidemic diarrhea virus fusion gene in transgenic lettuce (lactuca sativa l.). | transgenic plants have been used as a safe and economic expression system for the production of edible vaccines. a synthetic cholera toxin b subunit gene (ctb) was fused with a synthetic neutralizing epitope gene of the porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (sctb-scoe), and the sctb-scoe fusion gene was introduced into a plant expression vector under the control of the ubiquitin promoter. this plant expression vector was transformed into lettuce (lactuca sativa l.) using the agrobacterium-mediated tra ... | 2010 | 21153716 |
| terrestrial short-term ecotoxicity of a green formicide. | when ants become annoying, large quantities of formicide are applied to terrestrial ecosystems in tropical regions, but awareness of the health and environmental impacts related to the use of synthetic pesticides has been increasing. the use of green pesticides to combat target organisms could reduce these impacts. in this regard, terrestrial ecotoxicity tests with higher plants (brassica olaracea, lactuca sativa and mucuna aterrima), annelids (eisenia foetida), collembola (folsomia candida) and ... | 2010 | 20117837 |
| quality traits of conventional and transgenic lettuce (lactuca sativa l.) at harvesting by nmr metabolic profiling. | metabolism of genetically modified (gm) lettuce (lactuca sativa l.) leaves was investigated by comparing nmr metabolic profiles of three lines (t(3)b12, t(7)b7, and t(7)b14) overexpressing the e. coli asparagine synthetase a gene with those of the wild type (wt) at 24, 56, and 64 days after sowing (das). statistical analyses based on hydro-soluble compound profiles significantly and maximally discriminated the wt from gm-lines at optimal harvest time (56 das). the t(7)b14 metabolic variations we ... | 2010 | 20469910 |
| reduced photosynthetic activity is directly correlated with 2-(3h)-benzoxazolinone accumulation in lettuce leaves. | 2-(3h)-benzoxazolinone (boa) is a secondary plant metabolite previously found to inhibit plant growth and development. the phytotoxic activity of boa has been extensively demonstrated over the last years. however, the relation of boa phytotoxicity with boa accumulation in plant leaves has not been thoroughly investigated. in this work, boa phytotoxicity on photosynthesis (phipsii and pn) of lettuce (lactuca sativa l. cv. great lakes) was studied, and these results were correlated with boa quanti ... | 2010 | 20143137 |
| effect of induced oxidative stress and herbal extracts on acid phosphatase activity in lysosomal and microsomal fractions of midgut tissue of the silkworm, bombyx mori. | lysosomal and microsomal acid phosphatase activity was estimated in midgut tissue of silkworm larvae, bombyx mori l. (lepidoptera: bombycidae), after induced oxidative stress by d-galactose. the larvae were simultaneously were treated with ethanolic extracts of bacopa monniera and lactuca sativa to study their antioxidant properties. lipid peroxidation and fluorescence was measured to analyze extent of oxidative stress. the ethanolic extract of lactuca sativa was found to be more effective in pr ... | 2010 | 20874583 |
| phytotoxic activity of flavonoids from dicranostyles ampla. | crude extracts from over 16 species of plants from the family convolvulaceae were evaluated for phytotoxic activity against agrostis stolonifera (bentgrass) and lactuca sativa (lettuce) at 1000 microg/ml. ethanol extracts of dicranostyles ampla ducke were among the most active of those species tested. systematic bioassay-guided fractionation of the ethanol extract of the aerial parts from this species was performed to identify specifically the phytotoxic compounds. two phytotoxic flavonoids, dih ... | 2010 | 20839625 |