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genome wide screening of rnai factors of sf21 cells reveal several novel pathway associated proteins.rna interference (rnai) leads to sequence specific knock-down of gene expression and has emerged as an important tool to analyse gene functions, pathway analysis and gene therapy. although rnai is a conserved cellular process involving common elements and factors, species-specific differences have been observed among different eukaryotes. identification of components for rnai pathway is pursued intensively and successful genome-wide screens have been performed for components of rnai pathways in ...201425199785
the tudor domain protein tapas, a homolog of the vertebrate tdrd7, functions in the pirna pathway to regulate retrotransposons in germline of drosophila melanogaster.piwi-interacting rnas (pirnas) are a special class of small rnas that provide defense against transposable elements in animal germline cells. in drosophila, germline pirnas are thought to be processed at a unique perinuclear structure, the nuage, that houses pirna pathway proteins including the piwi clade of argonaute family proteins, along with several tudor domain proteins, rna helicases and nucleases. we previously demonstrated that tudor domain protein tejas (tej), an ortholog of vertebrate ...201425287931
the dexh box helicase domain of spindle-e is necessary for retrotransposon silencing and axial patterning during drosophila oogenesis.transposable selfish genetic elements have the potential to cause debilitating mutations as they replicate and reinsert within the genome. therefore, it is critical to keep the cellular levels of these elements low. this is especially true in the germline where these mutations could affect the viability of the next generation. a class of small noncoding rnas, the piwi-associated rnas, is responsible for silencing transposable elements in the germline of most organisms. several proteins have been ...201425239103
ago3 slicer activity regulates mitochondria-nuage localization of armitage and pirna amplification.in drosophila melanogaster the reciprocal "ping-pong" cycle of piwi-interacting rna (pirna)-directed rna cleavage catalyzed by the endonuclease (or "slicer") activities of the piwi proteins aubergine (aub) and argonaute3 (ago3) has been proposed to expand the secondary pirna population. however, the role of ago3/aub slicer activity in pirna amplification remains to be explored. we show that ago3 slicer activity is essential for pirna amplification and that ago3 inhibits the homotypic aub:aub pin ...201425049272
genetic interactions between p elements involved in pirna-mediated repression of hybrid dysgenesis in drosophila melanogaster.previous studies have shown that telomeric p elements inserted at the left end of the x chromosome are anchors of the p cytotype, the maternally inherited state that regulates p-element activity in the germ line of drosophila melanogaster. this regulation is mediated by small rnas that associate with the piwi family of proteins (pirnas). we extend the analysis of cytotype regulation by studying new combinations of telomeric and nontelomeric p elements (tps and non-tps). tps interact with each ot ...201424902606
draft genome sequence of eggplant (solanum melongena l.): the representative solanum species indigenous to the old world.unlike other important solanaceae crops such as tomato, potato, chili pepper, and tobacco, all of which originated in south america and are cultivated worldwide, eggplant (solanum melongena l.) is indigenous to the old world and in this respect it is phylogenetically unique. to broaden our knowledge of the genomic nature of solanaceous plants further, we dissected the eggplant genome and built a draft genome dataset with 33,873 scaffolds termed sme_r2.5.1 that covers 833.1 mb, ca. 74% of the egg ...201425233906
soil chemical property changes in eggplant/garlic relay intercropping systems under continuous cropping.soil sickness is a critical problem for eggplant (solanum melongena l.) under continuous cropping that affects sustainable eggplant production. relay intercropping is a significant technique on promoting soil quality, improving eco-environment, and raising output. field experiments were conducted from september 2010 to november 2012 in northwest china to determine the effects of relay intercropping eggplant with garlic (allium sativum l.) on soil enzyme activities, available nutrient contents, a ...201425340875
omega-3 and omega-6 content of medicinal foods for depressed patients: implications from the iranian traditional medicine.considering the increasing prevalence of depression in modern societies and the positive effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on depression, this study aims to investigate the omega-3 and omega-6 content of various foodstuffs, prescribed or prohibited by iranian traditional medicine (itm).201425068136
determination of cadmium, lead and zinc in vegetables in jaipur (india).an atomic absorption spectroscopic method was used for the determination of lead, cadmium and zinc in vegetables grown in and around jaipur food stuffs irrigated with industrial waste water. vegetable samples were collected after maturity, and analyzed, such as spinach (spinacia oleracea), ladyfinger (abelmoschus esulentus), pepper mint (menthe pipereta), brinjal (solanum melongena), coriander (coriandrum sativum), cauliflower (brassica oleracea), onion (allium cepa), radish (raphanus sativus), ...201426445755
eggplant and related species are promising genetic resources to dissect the plant immune response to pseudomonas syringae and xanthomonas euvesicatoria and to identify new resistance determinants.the apparent lack of durability of many resistance (r) genes highlights the need for the constant identification of new genetic sources of resistance for the breeding of new disease-resistant crop cultivars. to this end, we screened a collection of accessions of eggplant and close relatives for resistance against pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (pto) and xanthomonas euvesicatoria (xeu), foliar plant pathogens of many solanaceous crops. both pathogens caused substantial disease on most genotypes ...201424684604
comparison between solanum torvum sw. and s. melongena l. after ralstonia solanacearum inoculation.bacterial wilt, caused by ralstonia solanacearum, is one of the most devastating plant diseases, affecting some economically important solanaceae crops. in contrast, solanum torvum, also known as wild eggplant, does not wilt when infested with r. solanacearum. in order to describe the mechanism underlying the response of s. torvum, it was compared with the cultivated eggplant, s. melongena, when both were infected with the same r. solanacearum strain. no wilting occurred in s. torvum, although t ...201424853578
ralstonia solanacearum type iii secretion system effector rip36 induces a hypersensitive response in the nonhost wild eggplant solanum torvum.ralstonia solanacearum is a gram-negative soil-borne bacterium that causes bacterial wilt disease in more than 200 plant species, including economically important solanaceae species. in r. solanacearum, the hypersensitive response and pathogenicity (hrp) type iii secretion system is required for both the ability to induce the hypersensitive response (hr) in nonhost plants and pathogenicity in host plants. recently, 72 effector genes, called rip (ralstonia protein injected into plant cells), have ...201424745046
diversity of ralstonia solanacearum in french guiana expands knowledge of the "emerging ecotype".although bacterial wilt remains a major plant disease throughout south america and the caribbean, the diversity of prevalent ralstonia solanacearum populations is largely unknown. the genetic and phenotypic diversity of r. solanacearum strains in french guiana was assessed using diagnostic polymerase chain reactions and sequence-based (egl and muts) genotyping on a 239-strain collection sampled on the families solanaceae and cucurbitaceae, revealing an unexpectedly high diversity. strains were d ...201424283538
an effector gene hopa1 influences on virulence, host specificity, and lifestyles of pseudomonas cichorii jbc1.pseudomonas cichorii is a devastating pathogen which infects a wide range of ornamental as well as agricultural crops worldwide. characterization of virulence genes helps to understand pathogens' infection processes, which may lead to development of resistant crops. for functional validation of novel genes, we re-constructed pucp18 vector with λ phage red operon and sacb gene (pucp18_reds), which simplified conventional marker exchange system. the effector gene hopa1 of p. cichorii jbc1 was mark ...201425127676
emergence and diversity of begomoviruses infecting solanaceous crops in east and southeast asia.over the past three decades diseases caused by whitefly-transmitted geminiviruses (begomoviruses) have emerged to be important constraints to the production of solanaceous crops, particularly tomato (solanum lycopersicum) and peppers (capsicum spp.), in many tropical and subtropical regions of the world. the most studied of these is tomato yellow leaf curl virus (tylcv), which has spread to many other areas from its likely origin in the mediterranean basin region. the virus is usually associated ...201424440320
rapid spread of a recently introduced virus (tomato yellow leaf curl virus) and its vector bemisia tabaci (hemiptera: aleyrodidae) in liaoning province, china.in liaoning province, china, tomato yellow leaf curl virus (tylcv) was first detected in 2009 and in only four counties. to quantify the spread of tylcv and to identify potential factors influencing its spread in liaoning province, we assayed for tylcv within 1,055 whiteflies (bemisia tabaci (gennadius) complex) from 74 populations and 29 counties in 2011. the b. tabaci species of these individuals was determined based on molecular markers. tylcv was found in 13 counties (donggang, liaoyang, kaz ...201424665690
genetic diversity, population structure, and resistance to phytophthora capsici of a worldwide collection of eggplant germplasm.eggplant (solanum melongena l.) is an important solanaceous crop with high phenotypic diversity and moderate genotypic diversity. ninety-nine genotypes of eggplant germplasm (species (s. melongena, s. incanum, s. linnaeanum and s. gilo), landraces and heirloom cultivars) from 32 countries and five continents were evaluated for genetic diversity, population structure, fruit shape, and disease resistance to phytophthora fruit rot. fruits from each line were measured for fruit shape and evaluated f ...201424819601
variable expression levels detected in the drosophila effectors of pirna biogenesis.pirnas (piwi-interacting rnas) are a class of small interfering rnas that play a major role in the regulation of transposable elements (tes) in drosophila and are considered of fundamental importance in gonadal development. genes encoding the effectors of the pirna machinery are thus often thought to be highly constrained. on the contrary, as actors of genetic immunity, these genes have also been shown to evolve rapidly and display a high level of sequence variability. in order to assess the sup ...201424361206
effects of temperature on the development and population growth of the melon thrips, thrips palmi, on eggplant, solanum melongena.the effects of temperature on the melon thrips, thrips palmi karny (thysanoptera: thripidae), preimaginal development, survival, fecundity, longevity of females and males, and population growth were investigated at 16, 19, 22, 25, 28, and 31° c, 70-80% rh, and a photoperiod of 12:12 l:d. the results indicated that the duration of egg, larval, and pupal stages was significantly influenced by increased temperature. the egg-to-adult developmental period of t. palmi declined from 35.7 to 9.6 days as ...201425373225
eggplant fruit composition as affected by the cultivation environment and genetic constitution.no comprehensive reports exist on the combined effects of season, cultivation environment and genotype on eggplant (solanum melongena) composition. we studied proximate composition, carbohydrates, total phenolics and vitamin c of eggplant fruits of three spanish landraces, three commercial hybrids and three hybrids between landraces cultivated across two environmental conditions (open field, of; and, greenhouse, gh) for up to four seasons.201425328929
grafting influences phenolic profile and carpometric traits of fruits of greenhouse-grown eggplant (solanum melongena l.).the influence of eggplant grafting on tomato rootstock was evaluated during the two growing seasons. yield, quality traits, and individual phenolics in fruits were assessed. three commercial varieties and one landrace were used as scions. grafting significantly increased eggplant yield and decreased the presence of calyx prickles. the effect of grafting on the accumulation of major phenolic constituents in eggplant fruit was inconsistent: in the year with less solar radiation and lower mean dail ...201425275825
abiotically-induced plant morphological changes and host-range expansion in quarantine evaluations of candidate weed biocontrol agents: the case study conchyloctenia hybrida (coleoptera: chrysomelidae).plant morphological changes mediated by growth conditions are linked to changes in host preference of herbivores. understanding how these morphological changes influence herbivore feeding is critical in the interpretation of results of host evaluation of candidate weed biocontrol agents in quarantine and improvement of the evaluation system. we determined the effect of plant growth conditions on leaf trichomes and host choice of conchyloctenia hybrida boheman, an insect adapted to the removal of ...201425259692
heterologous expression of arabidopsis c-repeat binding factor 3 (atcbf3) and cold-regulated 15a (atcor15a) enhanced chilling tolerance in transgenic eggplant (solanum melongena l.).our study shows that the expression of atcbf3 and atcor15a improved the chilling tolerance in transgenic eggplant. in an attempt to improve chilling tolerance of eggplant (solanum melongena l) plants, arabidopsis c-repeat binding factor 3 (atcbf3) and cold-regulated 15a (atcor15a) genes both driven by an arabidopsis responsive to dessication 29a promoter (atrd29a) were transferred into the plants of eggplant cultivar sanyueqie. two independent homozygous transgenic lines were tested for their co ...201425103420
anti-inflammatory lignanamides from the roots of solanum melongena l.four new lignanamides, melongenamides a-d (1-4), together with six known ones (5-10), were isolated from the roots of solanum melongena l. their structures were elucidated on the basis of 1d and 2d nmr experiments and by comparison of their spectroscopic and physical data with the literature values. compounds 2-8 exhibited inhibitions of nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide-induced raw 264.7 macrophages with ic50 values ranging from 16.2 to 58.5 μm.201425068200
the drosophila su(var)3-7 gene is required for oogenesis and female fertility, genetically interacts with piwi and aubergine, but impacts only weakly transposon silencing.heterochromatin is made of repetitive sequences, mainly transposable elements (tes), the regulation of which is critical for genome stability. we have analyzed the role of the heterochromatin-associated su(var)3-7 protein in drosophila ovaries. we present evidences that su(var)3-7 is required for correct oogenesis and female fertility. it accumulates in heterochromatic domains of ovarian germline and somatic cells nuclei, where it co-localizes with hp1. homozygous mutant females display ovaries ...201424820312
determination of carbamate and organophosphorus pesticides in vegetable samples and the efficiency of gamma-radiation in their removal.in the present study, the residual pesticide levels were determined in eggplants (solanum melongena) (n = 16), purchased from four different markets in dhaka, bangladesh. the carbamate and organophosphorus pesticide residual levels were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (hplc), and the efficiency of gamma radiation on pesticide removal in three different types of vegetables was also studied. many (50%) of the samples contained pesticides, and three samples had residual levels ...201424711991
antioxidant activity and phenolic content of microwave-assisted solanum melongena extracts.eggplant fruit is a very rich source of polyphenol compounds endowed with antioxidant properties. the aim of this study was to extract polyphenols from eggplant entire fruit, pulp, or skin, both fresh and dry, and compare results between conventional extraction and microwave-assisted extraction (mae). the effects of time exposure (15, 30, 60, and 90 min) and solvent (water 100% or ethanol/water 50%) were also evaluated. the highest amount of polyphenols was found in the extract obtained from dry ...201424683354
anthocyanin accumulation and molecular analysis of anthocyanin biosynthesis-associated genes in eggplant (solanum melongena l.).eggplant (solanum melongena l.) is an edible fruit vegetable cultivated and consumed worldwide. the purple eggplant is more eye-catching and popular for the health-promoting anthocyanins contained in the fruit skin. two kinds of anthocyanin were separated and identified from purple cultivar (zi chang) by high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. to investigate the molecular mechanisms of anthocyanin accumulation in eggplant, the transcripts of antho ...201424654563
roles of catalase (cat) and ascorbate peroxidase (apx) genes in stress response of eggplant (solanum melongena l.) against cu(+2) and zn(+2) heavy metal stresses.eggplant (solanum melongena l.) is a good source of minerals and vitamins and this feature makes its value comparable with tomato which is economically the most important vegetable worldwide. due to its common usage as food and in medicines, eggplant cultivation has a growing reputation worldwide. but genetic yield potential of an eggplant variety is not always attained, and it is limited by some factors such as heavy metal contaminated soils in today's world. today, one of the main objectives o ...201526530238
ige response to two new allergen proteins of solanum melongena l. (eggplant).a number of allergens from eggplant (solanum melongena l.) have been previously identified. in this study, we could detect ige reactivity of two allergic subjects' sera towards two protein bands of molecular mass of about 35 and 15 kda. as ige were reactive to both raw and cooked eggplant extracts, a heat-stable nature of these novel allergens is apparent.201526455782
signs, symptoms and treatment of penile fracture.penile fracture is an uncommon injury and requires urgent treatment, therefore emergency nurses should be aware of the signs and symptoms and understand the importance of immediate surgical referral. this article describes the anatomy and physiology of penile erection and the ways in which penile fracture can occur. it also outlines the management of patients and includes a case study of a fracture caused by vigorous masturbation.201526451939
a new γ-alkylated-γ-butyrolactone from the roots of solanum melongena.a new γ-alkylated-γ-butyrolactone, named melongenolide a (1), along with nine known compounds were obtained from the roots of solanum melongena, and their structures were identified as melongenolide a (1), (+)-syringaresinol (2), (+)-lyoniresinol (3), 5,5'-dimethoxy lariciresinol (4), (+)-(7r,8r)-4-hydroxy-3,3',5'-trimethoxy-8',9'-dinor-8,4'-oxyneoligna-7, 9-diol-7'-aldehyde (5), kaempferol-3-o-(2″,6″-di-o-p-trans-coumaroyl)-β-glucoside (6), arjunolic acid (7), vanillic acid (8), scoparone (9), ...201526412430
long-distance transport of cadmium from roots to leaves of solanum melongena.in this study, the characteristics of cadmium (cd) uptake by roots and translocation from roots to leaves of two eggplant species (solanum melongena and solanum torvum) under relatively low cd concentrations were investigated using stable (108)cd isotope through a number of hydroponic experiments. the uptake and translocation of (108)cd was compared with those of (70)zn and (15)n. the results showed more (108)cd was loaded to the vascular channels and translocated upward to the leaves in s. melo ...201526407708
electrochromic properties of acid dye doped poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) by electropolymerization.the electrochromic properties of an electrochemical polymerized composite consisted of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) doped with acid red g (pedot-arg) are reported. the structures of pedot-arg were characterized via cycle voltammograms, spectroelectrochemistry and colorimetric analysis. film of the pedot-arg composites switches from aubergine in the reduction state to light blue in the oxidized state, which is different from the pure pedot of dark blue (-0.8 v) and light blue (1.0 v). because ...201526353549
dioscin derived from solanum melongena l. "usukawamarunasu" attenuates α-msh-induced melanogenesis in b16 murine melanoma cells via downregulation of phospho-creb and mitf.this study aimed to chemically isolate and explore an antimelanogenesis inducer in extracts of solanum melongena l. "usukawamarunasu" eggplant. we successfully identified dioscin ([25r]-spirost-5-en-3β-yl) 2-o-(6-deoxy-α-l-mannopyranosyl) - 4-o-(6-deoxy-α-l-mannopyranosyl)-β-d-glucopyranoside] in the plant, and examined the effects of α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (msh)-induced melanogenesis in b16 murine melanoma cells by this plant-derived dioscin. immunoblot analysis suggested that dioscin ...201526352003
aub and ago3 are recruited to nuage through two mechanisms to form a ping-pong complex assembled by krimper.in drosophila, two piwi proteins, aubergine (aub) and argonaute-3 (ago3), localize to perinuclear "nuage" granules and use guide pirnas to target and destroy transposable element transcripts. we find that aub and ago3 are recruited to nuage by two different mechanisms. aub requires a pirna guide for nuage recruitment, indicating that its localization depends on recognition of rna targets. ago3 is recruited to nuage independently of a pirna cargo and relies on interaction with krimper, a stable c ...201526295961
association mapping for fruit, plant and leaf morphology traits in eggplant.an eggplant (solanum melongena) association panel of 191 accessions, comprising a mixture of breeding lines, old varieties and landrace selections was snp genotyped and phenotyped for key breeding fruit and plant traits at two locations over two seasons. a genome-wide association (gwa) analysis was performed using the mixed linear model, which takes into account both a kinship matrix and the sub-population membership of the accessions. overall, 194 phenotype/genotype associations were uncovered, ...201526284782
aubergine iclip reveals pirna-dependent decay of mrnas involved in germ cell development in the early embryo.the piwi-interacting rna (pirna) pathway plays an essential role in the repression of transposons in the germline. other functions of pirnas such as post-transcriptional regulation of mrnas are now emerging. here, we perform iclip with the piwi protein aubergine (aub) and identify hundreds of maternal mrnas interacting with aub in the early drosophila embryo. gene expression profiling reveals that a proportion of these mrnas undergo aub-dependent destabilization during the maternal-to-zygotic tr ...201526257181
krimper enforces an antisense bias on pirna pools by binding ago3 in the drosophila germline.piwi-interacting rnas (pirnas) suppress transposon activity in animal germ cells. in the drosophila ovary, primary aubergine (aub)-bound antisense pirnas initiate the ping-pong cycle to produce secondary ago3-bound sense pirnas. this increases the number of secondary aub-bound antisense pirnas that can act to destroy transposon mrnas. here we show that krimper (krimp), a tudor-domain protein, directly interacts with pirna-free ago3 to promote symmetrical dimethylarginine (sdma) modification, ens ...201526212455
top-down expectancy versus bottom-up guidance in search for known color-form conjunctions.we assessed the effects of pairing a target object with its familiar color on eye movements in visual search, under conditions where the familiar color could or could not be predicted. in experiment 1 participants searched for a yellow- or purple-colored corn target amongst aubergine distractors, half of which were yellow and half purple. search was more efficient when the color of the target was familiar and early eye movements more likely to be directed to targets carrying a familiar color tha ...201526198709
isolation and immobilization of alkaline protease on mesoporous silica and mesoporous zsm-5 zeolite materials for improved catalytic properties.alkaline protease from brinjal leaf (solanum melongena) having milk clotting activity has been purified to 9.44 fold to a final specific activity of 45.71 u/mg. sds-page of the final preparation revealed a single protein band of approx 14 kda. purified enzyme was characterized and was successfully immobilized into the amorphous mesoporous silica (sba-15) and crystalline mesoporous zeolite (nano-zsm-5) using entrapment method. maximum immobilization of 63.5% and 79.77% was obtained with sba-15 an ...201529124151
the drosophila fragile x mental retardation protein participates in the pirna pathway.rna metabolism controls multiple biological processes, and a specific class of small rnas, called pirnas, act as genome guardians by silencing the expression of transposons and repetitive sequences in the gonads. defects in the pirna pathway affect genome integrity and fertility. the possible implications in physiopathological mechanisms of human diseases have made the pirna pathway the object of intense investigation, and recent work suggests that there is a role for this pathway in somatic pro ...201525908854
exogenous proline application ameliorates toxic effects of arsenate in solanum melongena l. seedlings.hydroponic experiments were conducted to investigate an effect of exogenous application of proline (pro; 25 µm) in alleviating arsenate (as(v); 5 and 25 µm) toxicity in solanum melongena l. (eggplant) seedlings. exposure of as(v) declined growth of eggplant, which was coincided with an enhanced accumulation of as. however, exogenous pro application alleviated as(v) toxicity in eggplant seedlings by reducing the accumulation of as. the fluorescence characteristics (jip-test): φp0, ψ0, φe0, piabs, ...201525881134
parallel reductions in phenolic constituents resulting from the domestication of eggplant.crop domestication is often accompanied by changes in metabolite compositions that alter traits such as flavor, color, or other beneficial properties. fruits of eggplants (solanum melongena l.) and related species are abundant and diverse in pharmacologically interesting phenolic compounds, particularly hydroxycinnamic acid (hca) conjugates such as the antioxidant caffeoylquinic acids (cqa) and hca-polyamine amides (hcaa). to understand metabolite variability through the lens of natural and arti ...201525813879
characterization and quantitative analysis of phenylpropanoid amides in eggplant (solanum melongena l.) by high performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detection and hybrid ion trap time-of-flight mass spectrometry.eggplant (solanum melongena l.) is a famous edible and medicinal plant. despite being widely cultivated and used, data on certain parts other than the fruit are limited. the present study focused on the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the chemical constituents, particularly phenylpropanoid amides (pas), in eggplant. the mass fragmentation patterns of pas were proposed using seven authentic compounds with the assistance of a hybrid ion trap time-of-flight mass spectrometer. thirty-seven ...201525796999
evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity of aqueous extract of leaves of solanum melongena linn. in experimental animals.aqueous extract of leaves of solanum melongena linn was investigated for its anti-inflammatory activity.201525738003
purification, identification and preliminary crystallographic studies of an allergenic protein from solanum melongena.solanum melongena (eggplant), a member of the solanaceae family, is a widely cultivated vegetable crop and is commonly used as a food throughout the world. allergic reactions caused by members of this family are well known. however, mechanistic analyses to understand their molecular basis have not been adequately explored. in order to address this issue, the 7s vicilin protein (sm80.1) of size 45 kda was purified from seeds of s. melongena by ammonium sulfate fractionation and size-exclusion chr ...201525664800
activity-guided purification identifies lupeol, a pentacyclic triterpene, as a therapeutic agent multiple pathogenic factors of acne.acne vulgaris is a nearly universal cutaneous disease characterized by multifactorial pathogenic processes. because current acne medications have various side effects, investigating new pharmacologically active molecules is important for treating acne. as natural products generally provide various classes of relatively safe compounds with medicinal potentials, we performed activity-guided purification after a series of screenings from the extracts of five medicinal plants to explore alternative ...201525647437
genetic diversity and population structure of wild/weedy eggplant (solanum insanum, solanaceae) in southern india: implications for conservation.•201525587156
the potential for crop to wild hybridization in eggplant (solanum melongena; solanaceae) in southern india.•201525587155
eggplant (solanum melongena l.) polyphenol oxidase multi-gene family: a phylogenetic evaluation.polyphenol oxidases (ppos) in different solanum species including eggplant have been studied. ppos have been implicated in undesirable enzymatic browning of eggplant fruit and also in plant defense. the main objective of this study was to identify and accelerate the further functional characterization of additional eggplant ppos that are involved in food biochemistry and defense-related functions. eggplant ppos identified earlier were used in "basic local alignment search tool (blast)" search ag ...201528324357
discovery of an unknown diversity of leucinodes species damaging solanaceae fruits in sub-saharan africa and moving in trade (insecta, lepidoptera, pyraloidea).the larvae of the old world genera leucinodes guenée, 1854 and sceliodes guenée, 1854 are internal feeders in the fruits of solanaceae, causing economic damage to cultivated plants like solanummelongena and solanumaethiopicum. in sub-saharan africa five nominal species of leucinodes and one of sceliodes occur. one of these species, the eggplant fruit and shoot borer leucinodesorbonalis guenée, 1854, is regarded as regularly intercepted from africa and asia in europe, north and south america and ...201525632252
genetic analysis of environmental strains of the plant pathogen phytophthora capsici reveals heterogeneous repertoire of effectors and possible effector evolution via genomic island.phytophthora capsici is a virulent oomycete pathogen of many vegetable crops. recently, it has been demonstrated that the recognition of the rxlr effector avr3a1 of p. capsici (pcavr3a1) triggers a hypersensitive response and plays a critical role in mediating non-host resistance. here, we analyzed the occurrence of pcavr3a1 in 57 isolates of p. capsici derived from globe squash, eggplant, tomato and bell pepper cocultivated in a small geographical area. the occurrence of pcavr3a1 in environment ...201526443834
phenylpropanoids accumulation in eggplant fruit: characterization of biosynthetic genes and regulation by a myb transcription factor.phenylpropanoids are major secondary metabolites in eggplant (solanum melongena) fruits. chlorogenic acid (cga) accounts for 70-90% of total phenolics in flesh tissues, while anthocyanins are mainly present in the fruit skin. as a contribution to the understanding of the peculiar accumulation of these health-promoting metabolites in eggplant, we report on metabolite abundance, regulation of cga and anthocyanin biosynthesis, and characterization of candidate cga biosynthetic genes in s. melongena ...201526858726
salinity-induced expression of hkt may be crucial for na(+) exclusion in the leaf blade of huckleberry (solanum scabrum mill.), but not of eggplant (solanum melongena l.).reduced na(+) accumulation in the leaf blade is an important aspect of salinity tolerance and high affinity k(+) transporters (hkts) are known to play a significant role in the process. huckleberry and eggplant have previously been shown to display 'excluder' and 'includer' characteristics, respectively, under salt stress, but the underlying mechanisms have not been investigated. here, we isolated the cdna of the hkt homologs, solanum scabrum hkt (sshkt) from huckleberry and solanum melongena hk ...201525796329
survival and growth of salmonella typhimurium, escherichia coli o157:h7 and staphylococcus aureus in eggplant dip during storage.eggplant dip is an internationally popular appetizer, prepared in some instances under uncertain hygienic conditions with inconsistent refrigeration. this study examined the effects of citric acid on the survival of pathogenic microorganisms (salmonella typhimurium, escherichia coli o157:h7 and staphylococcus aureus) and naturally present organisms (lactic acid bacteria, lab, aerobic bacteria, apc and yeast and mold, ym) in eggplant dip during storage. eggplant dip with 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6 or 0.8% ...201525590259
towards the identification of type iii effectors associated with ralstonia solanacearum virulence on tomato and eggplant.for the development of pathogen-informed breeding strategies, identifying the microbial genes involved in interactions with the plant is a critical step. to identify type iii effector (t3e) repertoires associated with virulence of the bacterial wilt pathogen ralstonia solanacearum on solanaceous crops, we used an original association genetics approach combining dna microarray data and pathogenicity data on resistant eggplant, pepper, and tomato accessions. from this first screen, 25 t3es were fu ...201526368514
genetic diversity of the bacterial wilt pathogen ralstonia solanacearum using a rapd marker.bacterial wilt caused by ralstonia solanacearum is a destructive disease of many economically important crop species. a significant variation in wilt incidence and severity in eggplant and potato was observed among the growing areas surveyed. r. solanacearum isolates obtained both from eggplant and potato belong to biovar iii, while isolates from eggplant belong to race 1 and isolates obtained from potato belong to race 3. random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) technique was used as a tool for ...201526302834
structure-activity relationships of antimicrobial gallic acid derivatives from pomegranate and acacia fruit extracts against potato bacterial wilt pathogen.bacterial wilts of potato, tomato, pepper, and or eggplant caused by ralstonia solanacearum are among the most serious plant diseases worldwide. in this study, the issue of developing bactericidal agents from natural sources against r. solanacearum derived from plant extracts was addressed. extracts prepared from 25 plant species with antiseptic relevance in egyptian folk medicine were screened for their antimicrobial properties against the potato pathogen r. solancearum by using the disc-zone i ...201526080741
genome-enabled phylogeographic investigation of the quarantine pathogen ralstonia solanacearum race 3 biovar 2 and screening for sources of resistance against its core effectors.phylogeographic studies inform about routes of pathogen dissemination and are instrumental for improving import/export controls. genomes of 17 isolates of the bacterial wilt and potato brown rot pathogen ralstonia solanacearum race 3 biovar 2 (r3bv2), a select agent in the united states, were thus analyzed to get insight into the phylogeography of this pathogen. thirteen of fourteen isolates from europe, africa, and asia were found to belong to a single clonal lineage while isolates from south a ...201525710204
viroid rna turnover: characterization of the subgenomic rnas of potato spindle tuber viroid accumulating in infected tissues provides insights into decay pathways operating in vivo.while biogenesis of viroid rnas is well-known, how they decay is restricted to data involving host rna silencing. here we report an alternative degradation pathway operating on potato spindle tuber viroid (pstvd), the type species of nuclear-replicating viroids (family pospiviroidae). northern-blot hybridizations with full- and partial-length probes revealed a set of pstvd (+) subgenomic (sg)rnas in early-infected eggplant, some partially overlapping and reaching levels comparable to those of th ...201525662219
characterization of bacteria degrading 3-hydroxy palmitic acid methyl ester (3oh-pame), a quorum sensing molecule of ralstonia solanacearum.bacterial wilt pathogen ralstonia solanacearum causes severe crop loss of eggplant, which is of economic importance in india. 3-hydroxy palmitic acid methyl ester (3oh-pame) is the main quorum sensing molecule governing the expression of virulence factors in r. solanacearum. ability of 164 bacterial isolates from the xylem of eggplant (solanum melongena l.), chilli pepper (capsicum annuum l.) and wild eggplant (solanum torvum sw.) to degrade 3oh-pame was tested by disc diffusion assay. enzymatic ...201525580768
unequivocal enantiomeric identification and analysis of 10 chiral pesticides in fruit and vegetables by quechers method combined with liquid chromatography-quadruple/linear ion trap mass spectrometry determination.in this research, 10 chiral pesticides in fruits and vegetables were simultaneously determined using chiral liquid chromatography triple quadrupole-linear ion trap hybrid mass spectrometry (lc-qqlit). the quechers method was applied for sample preparation, and an enhanced product ion (epi) scan was used to acquire tandem mass spectrometry (ms/ms) spectra for the library search. parameters including limit of detection (lod), limit of quantification (loq), linearity, relative standard deviation (r ...201526392120
assessment of heavy metal pollution in vegetables and relationships with soil heavy metal distribution in zhejiang province, china.there are increasing concerns on heavy metal contaminant in soils and vegetables. in this study, we investigated heavy metal pollution in vegetables and the corresponding soils in the main vegetable production regions of zhejiang province, china. a total of 97 vegetable samples and 202 agricultural soil samples were analyzed for the concentrations of cd, pb, as, hg, and cr. the average levels of cd, pb, and cr in vegetable samples [chinese cabbage (brassica campestris spp. pekinensis), pakchoi ( ...201526013654
growth and physiological changes in continuously cropped eggplant (solanum melongena l.) upon relay intercropping with garlic (allium sativum l.).relay intercropping represents an alternative for sustainable production of vegetables, but the changes of internally antioxidant defense combined with the growth and yield are not clear. field experiment was carried out to investigate the malondialdehyde (mda) content and activity levels of superoxide dismutase (sod), peroxidase (pod), polyphenol oxidase (ppo), and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (pal) in eggplant (solanum melongena l.) and plant height, stem diameter, maximal leaf area, and yield ...201525964788
persian traditional medicine and ocular health.the persian traditional medicine (ptm) system pays special attention to disease prevention. in ptm, physicians believe that overeating may cause accumulation of unhealthy substances in the body and diseases called "emtela." with respect to ocular health, foods can be categorized as beneficial and harmful. harmful foods such as beef, geese, eggplant, cauliflower, and cheese can cause reduced vision. dehydrating foods such as walnut and salty fish and hot foods such as garlic, onion, and pepper ca ...201527800504
slicing and binding by ago3 or aub trigger piwi-bound pirna production by distinct mechanisms.in drosophila ovarian germ cells, piwi-interacting rnas (pirnas) direct aubergine and argonaute3 to cleave transposon transcripts and instruct piwi to repress transposon transcription, thereby safeguarding the germline genome. here, we report that rna cleavage by argonaute3 initiates production of most piwi-bound pirnas. we find that the cardinal function of argonaute3, whose pirna guides predominantly correspond to sense transposon sequences, is to produce antisense pirnas that direct transcrip ...201526340424
the three lineages of the diploid hybrid verticillium longisporum differ in virulence and pathogenicity.verticillium longisporum is an economically important vascular pathogen of brassicaceae crops in different parts of the world. v. longisporum is a diploid hybrid that consists of three different lineages, each of which originated from a separate hybridization event between two different sets of parental species. we used 20 isolates representing the three v. longisporum lineages and the relative v. dahliae, and performed pathogenicity tests on 11 different hosts, including artichoke, cabbage, cau ...201525585057
biocompatible colloidal dispersions as potential formulations of natural pyrethrins: a structural and efficacy study.biocompatible colloidal dispersions of the micro- and nanoemulsion type based on lemon oil terpenes, polysorbates, water, and glycerol were used for the formulation of pyrethrins, botanical insecticides derived from the white pyrethrum daisy, tanacetum cinerariifolium. the proposed formulation is based on pyrethrin-containing water-in-oil (w/o) microemulsions that could be diluted in one step with an aqueous phase to obtain kinetically stable oil-in-water (o/w) nanoemulsions. structural characte ...201525946579
in silico prediction of proteins related to xyloglucan fucosyltransferases in solanaceae genomes.two independent studies have shown that the cell wall of pollen tubes from tobacco and tomato species contained fucosylated xyloglucan (xyg). these findings are intriguing as many reports have shown that xyg of somatic cells of these species is not fucosylated but instead is arabinosylated. in order to produce fucosylated xyg, plants must express a functional galactoside α-2-fucosyltransferase. here, using a bioinformatics approach, we show that several candidate genes coding for xyg fucosyltran ...201526176901
effect of number of bombus impatiens (hymenoptera: apidae) visits on eggplant yield.eggplant (solanum melongena l.) is a crop with perfect flowers capable of self-pollination. insect pollination enhances fruit set, but little is known about how pollination success varies by number of visits from bumble bees. to quantify the efficiency of bumble bees at pollinating eggplants, we allowed 1, 2, 6, and 12 bumble bees (bombus impatiens cresson) to visit eggplant flowers and compared percentage of flowers that set fruit, fruit weight, and seed set after 3 wk. we compared yield from t ...201526470277
paramutation in drosophila requires both nuclear and cytoplasmic actors of the pirna pathway and induces cis-spreading of pirna production.transposable element activity is repressed in the germline in animals by piwi-interacting rnas (pirnas), a class of small rnas produced by genomic loci mostly composed of te sequences. the mechanism of induction of pirna production by these loci is still enigmatic. we have shown that, in drosophila melanogaster, a cluster of tandemly repeated p-lacz-white transgenes can be activated for pirna production by maternal inheritance of a cytoplasm containing homologous pirnas. this activated state is ...201526482790
pirna-mediated transposon regulation and the germ-line mutation rate in drosophila melanogaster males.transposons, especially retrotransposons, are abundant in the genome of drosophila melanogaster. these mobile elements are regulated by small rnas that interact with the piwi family of proteins-the piwi-interacting or pirnas. the piwi proteins are encoded by the genes argonaute3 (ago3), aubergine (aub), and piwi. heterochromatin protein 1 (hp1), a chromatin-organizing protein encoded by the suppressor of variegation 205 [su(var)205] gene, also plays a role in this regulation. to assess the mutat ...201525769182
effect of brick kiln emissions on commonly used vegetables of kashmir valley.to study the impact of brick kiln emissions on plant growth and productivity, a study was conducted on various biochemical parameters of three main vegetables brassica oleracea l., phaseolus vulgaris l., and solanum melongena l. cultivated in the vicinity of the brick kiln area of the panzan village of district budgam (j&k). plants in the vicinity of brick kilns are direct recipients of emissions and therefore important materials for assessing potential effects of kiln pollutants. the biochemica ...201526788302
developing novel bacterial based bioformulation having pgpr properties for enhanced production of agricultural crops.plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (pgpr) are beneficial rhizobacteria which enhance plant growth as well as the productivity by a variety of mechanisms pgpr were isolated from the rhizosphere region of som plants (machilus bombycina king) maintained at the central muga eri research and training institute, lahdoigarh, jorhat. a bacterial based bioformulation was prepared and sprayed over the experimental crops including tomato (solanum lycopersicum), cauliflower (brassica oleracea var botrytis ...201525675713
chryseobacterium solani sp. nov., isolated from field-grown eggplant rhizosphere soil.strain thg-ep9t, a gram-stain-negative, aerobic, motile, rod-shaped bacterium was isolated from field-grown eggplant (solanum melongena) rhizosphere soil collected in pyeongtaek, gyeonggi-do, republic of korea. based on 16s rrna gene sequence comparisons, strain thg-ep9t had closest similarity with chryseobacterium ginsenosidimutans thg 15t (97.3 % 16s rrna gene sequence similarity), chryseobacterium soldanellicola psd1-4t (97.2%), chryseobacterium zeae jm-1085t (97.2%) and chryseobacterium indo ...201525878202
first detection of klebsiella variicola producing oxa-181 carbapenemase in fresh vegetable imported from asia to switzerland.the emergence and worldwide spread of carbapenemase-producing enterobacteriaceae is of great concern to public health services. the aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of carbapenemase-producing enterobacteriaceae in fresh vegetables and spices imported from asia to switzerland.201526448862
development of one-tube real-time qrt-pcr and evaluation of rna extraction methods for the detection of eggplant mottled dwarf virus in different species.a one-tube real-time qrt-pcr assay was developed, for the detection and quantification of eggplant mottled dwarf virus (emdv), a pathogen affecting cultivated and ornamental plants. the amplification efficiency of the assay was 98% and the linear range of quantification was from 20 to 2×10(8) rna transcripts. total rna extraction methods (three developed methods and one commercially available rna extraction kit) were evaluated using tissues from seven different plant species and synthetic emdv r ...201525445799
the wrky transcription factor genes in eggplant (solanum melongena l.) and turkey berry (solanum torvum sw.).wrky transcription factors, which play critical roles in stress responses, have not been characterized in eggplant or its wild relative, turkey berry. the recent availability of rna-sequencing data provides the opportunity to examine wrky genes from a global perspective. we identified 50 and 62 wrky genes in eggplant (smelwrkys) and turkey berry (storwrkys), respectively, all of which could be classified into three groups (i-iii) based on the wrky protein structure. the smelwrkys and storwrkys c ...201525853261
insecticide residues in soil, water, and eggplant fruits and farmers' health effects due to exposure to pesticides.eggplant (solanum melongena l.) is an important vegetable crop that is widely cultivated in the tropical and subtropical areas in asia. globally, the top three eggplant producers are china, india, and egypt. the philippines has been one of the top 10 eggplant-producing countries based on area planted and crop productivity. this study aims to describe the insecticide residues found in soil, water, and eggplant fruits in eggplant farms in sta. maria, pangasinan.201525413584
influence of helium-neon laser irradiation on seed germination in vitro and physico-biochemical characters in seedlings of brinjal (solanum melongena l.) var. mattu gulla.in the present study, the seeds of brinjal (solanum melongena l.) var. mattu gulla were irradiated with single exposure of he-ne laser at different doses of 5-40 j cm(-2) and germinated aseptically. thirty day old seedlings were harvested and the germination, growth, physiological and biochemical parameters were estimated and compared with un-irradiated control seedlings. a significant enhancement in growth characters were noted with respect to length, fresh and dry weight of shoots and roots. i ...201522515726
phylogeographical structure in mitochondrial dna of eggplant fruit and shoot borer, leucinodes orbonalis guenée (lepidoptera: crambidae) in south and southeast asia.leucinodes orbonalis is the most detrimental south and southeast asian insect pest of eggplant. to help reduce the impact of this pest, population genetic diversity and structure of l. orbonalis were examined in eight populations from six countries using mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit i dna sequences. no correlation between genetic diversity and geographic distance was detected among populations. low levels of haplotype and nucleotide diversities were observed in the philippines popu ...201624491107
resequencing of capsicum annuum parental lines (ycm334 and taean) for the genetic analysis of bacterial wilt resistance.bacterial wilt (bw) is a widespread plant disease that affects a broad range of dicot and monocot hosts and is particularly harmful for solanaceous plants, such as pepper, tomato, and eggplant. the pathogen responsible for bw is the soil-borne bacterium, ralstonia solanacearum, which can adapt to diverse temperature conditions and is found in climates ranging from tropical to temperate. resistance to bw has been detected in some pepper plant lines; however, the genomic loci and alleles that medi ...201627793102
overexpression of the eggplant (solanum melongena) nac family transcription factor smnac suppresses resistance to bacterial wilt.bacterial wilt (bw) is a serious disease that affects eggplant (solanum melongena) production. although resistance to this disease has been reported, the underlying mechanism is unknown. in this study, we identified a nac family transcription factor (smnac) from eggplant and characterized its expression, its localization at the tissue and subcellular levels, and its role in bw resistance. to this end, transgenic eggplant lines were generated in which the expression of smnac was constitutively up ...201627528282
new insights on eggplant/tomato/pepper synteny and identification of eggplant and pepper orthologous qtl.eggplant, pepper, and tomato are the most exploited berry-producing vegetables within the solanaceae family. their genomes differ in size, but each has 12 chromosomes which have undergone rearrangements causing a redistribution of loci. the genome sequences of all three species are available but differ in coverage, assembly quality and percentage of anchorage. determining their syntenic relationship and qtl orthology will contribute to exploit genomic resources and genetic data for key agronomic ...201627486463
transcriptome analysis and molecular marker discovery in solanum incanum and s. aethiopicum, two close relatives of the common eggplant (solanum melongena) with interest for breeding.solanum incanum is a close wild relative of s. melongena with high contents of bioactive phenolics and drought tolerance. s. aethiopicum is a cultivated african eggplant cross-compatible with s. melongena. despite their great interest in s. melongena breeding programs, the genomic resources for these species are scarce.201627108408
draft genome sequences of nine strains of ralstonia solanacearum differing in virulence to eggplant (solanum melongena).ralstonia solanacearum displays variability in its virulence to solanaceous crops. we report here the draft genome sequences of eight phylotype i strains and one phylotype iii strain differing in virulence to the resistant eggplant genotype ag91-25. these data will allow the identification of virulence- and avirulence-related genes.201626823572
vegetable contamination by the fecal bacteria of poultry manure: case study of gardening sites in southern benin.a study was conducted in southern benin to assess the contamination of vegetables by fecal coliforms, escherichia coli, and fecal streptococci as one consequence of the intensification of vegetable cropping through fertilization with poultry manure. for this purpose, on-farm trials were conducted in 2009 and 2010 at yodo-condji and ayi-guinnou with three replications and four fertilization treatments including poultry manure and three vegetable crops (leafy eggplant, tomato, and carrot). samplin ...201627069914
detailed mapping of a resistance locus against fusarium wilt in cultivated eggplant (solanum melongena).this is the first report on genetic mapping of a resistance locus against fusarium wilt caused by the plant pathogen fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melongenae in cultivated eggplant.201626582508
expression of a cystatin transgene in eggplant provides resistance to root-knot nematode, meloidogyne incognita.root-knot nematodes (rkn) cause substantial yield decline in eggplant and sustainable management options to minimize crop damage due to nematodes are still limited. a number of genetic engineering strategies have been developed to disrupt the successful plant-nematode interactions. among them, delivery of proteinase inhibitors from the plant to perturb nematode development and reproduction is arguably the most effective strategy. in the present study, transgenic eggplant expressing a modified ri ...201627516765
efficacy of various application methods of fluensulfone for managing root-knot nematodes in vegetables.fluensulfone is a new nematicide in the flouroalkenyl chemical group. a field experiment was conducted in 2012 and 2013 to evaluate the efficacy of various application methods of fluensulfone for control of meloidogyne spp. in cucumber (cucumis sativus). treatments of fluensulfone (3.0 kg a.i./ha) were applied either as preplant incorporation (ppi) or via different drip irrigation methods: drip without pulse irrigation (drip np), pulse irrigation 1 hr after treatment (drip +1p), and treatment at ...201627418698
systemic acquired resistance activation in solanaceous crops as a management strategy against root-knot nematodes.activators of systemic acquired resistance (sar), such as salicylic acid (sa) and its synthetic functional analogues benzo(1,2,3)thiadiazole-7-carbothionic acid-s-methyl ester (bth) and 2,6-dichloroisonicotinic acid (ina), were tested on tomato, eggplant and pepper for the control of the root-knot nematode meloidogyne incognita. effects on plant fitness, nematode reproduction and root galling were screened in relation to different methods of application, to different applied dosages of chemicals ...201626085141
eggplant latent viroid: a friendly experimental system in the family avsunviroidae.eggplant latent viroid (elvd) is the only species of the genus elaviroid (family avsunviroidae). all the viroids in the family avsunviroidae contain hammerhead ribozymes in the strands of both polarities, and are considered to replicate in the chloroplasts of infected cells. this family includes two other genera: avsunviroid and pelamoviroid.201626696449
the transcription initiation sites of eggplant latent viroid strands map within distinct motifs in their in vivo rna conformations.eggplant latent viroid (elvd), like other members of family avsunviroidae, replicates in plastids through a symmetric rolling-circle mechanism in which elongation of rna strands is most likely catalyzed by a nuclear-encoded polymerase (nep) translocated to plastids. here we have addressed where nep initiates transcription of viroid strands. because this step is presumably directed by sequence/structural motifs, we have previously determined the conformation of the monomeric linear (+) and (-) rn ...201626618399
pittosporum cryptic virus 1: genome sequence completion using next-generation sequencing.next-generation sequencing (ngs) was applied to dsrnas extracted from an italian pittosporum plant infected with pittosporum cryptic virus 1 (picv1). ngs allowed assembly of the full genome sequence of picv1, comprising dsrna1 (1.9 kbp) and dsrna2 (1.5 kbp), which encode the rna-dependent rna polymerase and capsid protein genes, respectively. phylogenetic and sequence analyses confirmed that picv1 is a new member of the genus deltapartitivirus, family partiviridae. from the same plant, nsg also ...201627087112
sequence variation of block iii segment identifies three distinct lineages within eggplant mottled dwarf virus isolates from italy, spain and greece.partial polymerase (l) gene sequences of 919 nts, including the conserved segments pre-motif a and motif a of block iii, of 20 eggplant mottled dwarf virus (emdv) isolates were generated, and trimmed sequences of 889 nts, based on the length of available sequences of other isolates, were used to determine phylogenetic relationships. phylogenetic reconstructions revealed two divergent lineages, designated as genetic group a (italian isolates) and group b, with the latter further divided into subg ...201626982474
genetic variation of eggplant mottled dwarf virus from annual and perennial plant hosts.the genetic diversity of eggplant mottled dwarf virus (emdv), a member of the family rhabdoviridae, was studied using isolates collected from different herbaceous and woody plant species and remote geographic areas. sequences corresponding to the n, x, p, y, m and g orfs as well as the untranslated regions (utrs) between orfs were determined from all isolates. low genetic diversity was found in almost all genomic regions studied except for the x orf and the utrs, which were more variable, while ...201626660163
field performance of bt eggplants (solanum melongena l.) in the philippines: cry1ac expression and control of the eggplant fruit and shoot borer (leucinodes orbonalis guenée).plants expressing cry proteins from the bacterium, bacillus thuringiensis (bt), have become a major tactic for controlling insect pests in maize and cotton globally. however, there are few bt vegetable crops. eggplant (solanum melongena) is a popular vegetable grown throughout asia that is heavily treated with insecticides to control the eggplant fruit and shoot borer, leucinodes orbonalis (efsb). herein we provide the first publicly available data on field performance in asia of eggplant engine ...201627322533
garlic, from remedy to stimulant: evaluation of antifungal potential reveals diversity in phytoalexin allicin content among garlic cultivars; allicin containing aqueous garlic extracts trigger antioxidants in cucumber.garlic has the charisma of a potent remedy and holds its repute of a therapeutic panacea since the dawn of civilization. an integrated approach was adopted to evaluate the genetic diversity among chinese garlic cultivars for their antifungal potency as well as allicin content distribution and, furthermore; a bioassay was performed to study the bio-stimulation mechanism of aqueous garlic extracts (age) in the growth and physiology of cucumber (cucumis sativus). initially, 28 garlic cultivars were ...201627610111
de novo assembly and characterization of the transcriptome of grasshopper shirakiacris shirakii.the grasshopper shirakiacris shirakii is an important agricultural pest and feeds mainly on gramineous plants, thereby causing economic damage to a wide range of crops. however, genomic information on this species is extremely limited thus far, and transcriptome data relevant to insecticide resistance and pest control are also not available.201627455245
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