Publications

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effect of vegetation type on throughfall deposition and seepage flux.this paper compares different vegetation types (coniferous and deciduous forest, grassed and pure heathland) in terms of input (throughfall deposition) and output (seepage flux) in a region with intermediate nitrogen load (+/-20kg nha(-1)y(-1) via bulk precipitation) in comparable conditions in north belgium. coniferous forest (two plots pinus sylvestris and two plots pinus nigra) received significantly higher nitrogen and sulphur throughfall deposition than deciduous forest and heathland. grass ...200817942204
high temporal resolution tracing of photosynthate carbon from the tree canopy to forest soil microorganisms.half of the biological activity in forest soils is supported by recent tree photosynthate, but no study has traced in detail this flux of carbon from the canopy to soil microorganisms in the field. using (13)co(2), we pulse-labelled over 1.5 h a 50-m(2) patch of 4-m-tall boreal pinus sylvestris forest in a 200-m(3) chamber. tracer levels peaked after 24 h in soluble carbohydrates in the phloem at a height of 0.3 m, after 2-4 d in soil respiratory efflux, after 4-7 d in ectomycorrhizal roots, and ...200817944822
determination of roadside noise reduction effectiveness of pinus sylvestris l. and populus nigra l. in erzurum, turkey.this study was carried out to determine the noise-reduction effectiveness of the pinus sylvestris l. and populus nigra l. trees along the e-80 state highway in erzurum-turkey. noise values were taken at three measurement points; open (without trees and taken as control), the urban forests of pure p. sylvestris l. and p. nigra l. areas, and at four different distances; 0 (near the noise source), 25, 50 and 75 m from the noise source. at the distance of 25 m from the source, the noise value was 78 ...200817957489
the utility of pinus sylvestris l. in dendrochemical investigations: pollution impact of lead mining and smelting in darley dale, derbyshire, uk.this research investigates atmospheric pollution from an isolated and increasingly productive lead-smelting site by examining the dendrochemistry of pinus sylvestris growing in the local environment and at control sites. tree increment cores and soil in the rooting environment were analysed for lead content. inter-site comparisons of lead-in-soil suggest that contamination of the soil may be a less important pathway for lead inclusion within wood than pathways via bark or needles. levels of lead ...200817959285
climate warming will reduce growth and survival of scots pine except in the far north.tree growth and survival were assessed in 283 populations of scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) originating from a broad geographic range and grown at 90 common-garden experimental sites across europe, and in 101 populations grown at 14 sites in north america. growth and survival were analysed in response to climatic transfer distance, the difference in mean annual temperature (mat) between the site and the population origin. differences among populations at each site, and across sites for regiona ...200818363717
the essential oil qualitative and quantitative composition in the needles of pinus sylvestris l. growing along industrial transects.the aim of this study was to evaluate composition of the essential oils in the needles of pinus sylvestris growing in the areas affected by a cement factory (cf), and an oil refinery (or). volatile components of the needles were analyzed by gc and gc/ms. the most heavily polluted cf stand had significantly higher concentration of gamma-terpinene, caryophyllene oxide in the current-year needles, while higher concentration of delta-3-carene, alpha-terpinene, gamma-terpinene and terpinolene was doc ...200818372084
contribution of ambient ozone to scots pine defoliation and reduced growth in the central european forests: a lithuanian case study.the study aimed to explore if changes in crown defoliation and stem growth of scots pines (pinus sylvestris l.) could be related to changes in ambient ozone (o(3)) concentration in central europe. to meet this objective the study was performed in 3 lithuanian national parks, close to the icp integrated monitoring stations from which data on meteorology and pollution were provided. contribution of peak o(3) concentrations to the integrated impact of acidifying compounds and meteorological paramet ...200818378053
comparative analysis of transcript abundance in pinus sylvestris after challenge with a saprotrophic, pathogenic or mutualistic fungus.to investigate functional differences in the recognition and response mechanisms of conifer roots to fungi with different trophic strategies, pinus sylvestris l. was challenged with a saprotrophic fungus trichoderma aureoviride rifai. the results were compared with separate studies investigating pine interactions with a pathogen, heterobasidion annosum (fr.) bref. sensu stricto and an ectomycorrhizal symbiont, laccaria bicolor maire (orton). global changes in the expression of 2109 conifer genes ...200818381269
diversity of predominant endophytic bacteria in european deciduous and coniferous trees.the diversity of endophytic bacteria residing in root, stem, and leaf tissues was examined in coniferous and deciduous tree species, scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.), silver birch (betula pendula roth), and rowan (sorbus aucuparia l.). using cultivation-dependent and -independent analyses, the bacterial communities were observed to be significantly different in the belowground (roots and rhizosphere) and aboveground (leaves and stems) samples of the respective host trees. no significant differen ...200818388988
temporal dynamics of the carbon isotope composition in a pinus sylvestris stand: from newly assimilated organic carbon to respired carbon dioxide.the (13)c isotopic signature (c stable isotope ratio; delta(13)c) of co(2) respired from forest ecosystems and their particular compartments are known to be influenced by temporal changes in environmental conditions affecting c isotope fractionation during photosynthesis. whereas most studies have assessed temporal variation in delta(13)c of ecosystem-respired co(2) on a day-to-day scale, not much information is available on its diel dynamics. we investigated environmental and physiological cont ...200818392642
large old trees influence patterns of delta13c and delta15n in forests.large old trees are the dominant primary producers of native pine forest, but their influence on spatial patterns of soil properties and potential feedback to tree regeneration in their neighbourhood is poorly understood. we measured stable isotopes of carbon (delta(13)c) and nitrogen (delta(15)n) in soil and litter taken from three zones of influence (inner, middle and outer zone) around the trunk of freestanding old scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) trees, to determine the trees' influence on b ...200818446753
evidence that the negative relationship between seed mass and relative growth rate is not physiological but linked to species identity: a within-family analysis of scots pine.seed mass and relative growth rate (rgr) are important determinants of early seedling growth, and hence seedling establishment. although a positive interspecific relationship between seed mass and seedling dry mass is well established, much less is known about the relationships among seed mass, seedling mass and rgr within species. we examined relationships among seed mass, seedling mass and rgr within and among maternal plant lines of scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.). to assess the effects of s ...200818450572
does egg deposition by herbivorous pine sawflies affect transcription of sesquiterpene synthases in pine?scots pine (pinus sylvestris; pinaceae, pinales) is known to defend against egg deposition by herbivorous sawflies by changing its terpenoid volatile blend. the oviposition-induced pine odor attracts egg parasitoids that kill the sawfly eggs. here, we investigated whether sawfly egg deposition activates genes encoding pine terpene synthases by extracting mrna from oviposition-induced p. sylvestris. three new sesquiterpene synthases, pstps 1, pstps 2, and pstps 3, were isolated that were shown on ...200818493792
assessment of growth and stemwood quality of scots pine on territory influenced by alkaline industrial dust.long-term influence of alkaline dust (ph 12.3-12.7) pollution emitted over 40 years from a cement plant in estonia was the reason of alkalisation (ph 6.7-7.9) and high concentrations of k, ca and mg in the soil of affected territories. although dust emission has diminished during the last 10 years, the imbalances in nutrition substrate and their influence on the growth of trees are notable up to now. the study of morphological and physical properties of 70-80-year-old scots pine (pinus sylvestri ...200817508259
predicting the decline in daily maximum transpiration rate of two pine stands during drought based on constant minimum leaf water potential and plant hydraulic conductance.the effect of drought on forest water use is often estimated with models, but comprehensive models require many parameters, and simple models may not be sufficiently flexible. many tree species, pinus species in particular, have been shown to maintain a constant minimum leaf water potential above the critical threshold for xylem embolism during drought. in such cases, prediction of the relative decline in daily maximum transpiration rate with decreasing soil water content is relatively straightf ...200818055437
kinetic and thermodynamic studies of the biosorption of cr(vi) by pinus sylvestris linn.biosorption equilibrium, kinetics and thermodynamics of chromium(vi) ions onto cone biomass were studied in a batch system with respect to temperature and initial metal ion concentration. the biosorption efficiency of chromium ions to the cone biomass decreased as the initial concentration of metal ions was increased. but cone biomass of pinus sylvestris linn. exhibited the highest cr(vi) uptake capacity at 45 degrees c. the biosorption efficiency increased from 67% to 84% with an increase in te ...200817875365
testing dependence between growth and needle litterfall in scots pine--a case study in northern finland.both drought and fungal disease increase needle litterfall of scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) trees, but most factors causing annual variation in needle litterfall are poorly understood. we hypothesized that radial growth and weather conditions favorable to growth correlate positively with needle litterfall with a lag equal to the number of needle cohorts (here being 5-6). we studied the time series of needle litterfall, stem increment, pollen cone litter and daily weather conditions in a scots ...200818765379
patterns of divergence among conifer ests and polymorphism in pinus sylvestris identify putative selective sweeps.finding genes that are under positive selection is a difficult task, especially in non-model organisms. here, we have analyzed expressed sequence tag (est) data from 4 species (pinus pinaster, pinus taeda, picea glauca, and pseudotsuga menziesii) to investigate selection patterns during their evolution and to identify genes likely to be under positive selection. to confirm selection, population samples of these genes have been sequenced in pinus sylvestris, a species that was not included in the ...200818775901
conidia of trichoderma virens as a phosphorus source for mycorrhizal pinus sylvestris seedlings.in this study, the mobilization and further translocation of phosphorus from conidia of saprotrophic fungus trichoderma virens into pinus sylvestris seedlings by nondestructive measuring of (32)p was assessed. the radioactive phosphorus flux from the conidia to the scots pine seedlings forming mycorrhiza with laccaria laccata and suillus bovinus amounted up to 27.82% and 7.42%, respectively, on the 28th day of the experiment, while at the same time in nonmycorrhizal pine seedlings, the detected ...200818807257
increasing litter species richness reduces variability in a terrestrial decomposer system.debate on the relationship between diversity and stability has been driven by the recognition that species loss may influence ecosystem properties and processes. we conducted a litterbag experiment in the scottish highlands, united kingdom, to examine the effects of altering plant litter diversity on decomposition, microbial biomass, and microfaunal abundance. the design of treatments was fully factorial and included five species from an upland plant community (silver birch, betula pendula; scot ...200818831186
influence of growth on reproductive traits and its effect on fertility and gene diversity in a clonal seed orchard of scots pine, pinus sylvestris l.this study was carried out in a clonal seed orchard of scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.), to determine the difference and interaction for reproductive and growth characters among clones and its impact on fertility variation and gene diversity numbers of female and male strobili, and height and diameter at breast height were studied on six grafts chosen randomly in each of the 27 clones for the purpose. one-way analysis of variance revealed large differences in both reproductive and growth charact ...200818972690
[genotypic peculiarities of resistance to root fungus of scotch pine plants in artificial stands of the ukrainian steppe-zone].comparative analysis of allozyme variability was carried out by 18 loci from such tree-groups as 3 pinus sylvestris l. natural steppe populations and a sample of 36 resistant trees from artificial stands in root fungus (heterobasidion annosum (fr.) bref.) damage centres. resistant trees are characterized by the least portion of polymorphic allozyme loci, by allele and genotype number, and by similar to midpopulational level observed and expected heterozigosity. resistant tree sample differed fro ...200819140439
soil temperature and intermittent frost modulate the rate of recovery of photosynthesis in scots pine under simulated spring conditions.an earlier onset of photosynthesis in spring for boreal forest trees is predicted as the climate warms, yet the importance of soil vs air temperatures for spring recovery remains to be determined. effects of various soil- and air-temperature conditions on spring recovery of photosynthesis in scots pine (pinus sylvestris) seedlings were assessed under controlled environmental conditions. using winter-acclimated seedlings, photosynthetic responses were followed after transfer to different simulate ...200818181961
the potential for using the needle litter of scotch pine (pinus sylvestris l.) as a raw material for particleboard manufacturing.particleboard panels were made from various wood particle/needle litter of scotch pine (pinus sylvestris l.) mixtures bonded with urea formaldehyde resin. litter was characterized by having higher solubility's in alcohol-benzene, with diluting alkali and hot water, and resulted in lower ph values than those of wood particles. the mechanical properties (modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity, and internal bond strength) of boards containing up to 6.25% litter were lower than those of panels ma ...200818242082
persisting soil drought reduces leaf specific conductivity in scots pine (pinus sylvestris) and pubescent oak (quercus pubescens).leaf specific conductivity (lsc; the ratio of stem conductivity (k(p)) to leaf area (a(l))), a measure of the hydraulic capacity of the stem to supply leaves with water, varies with soil water content. empirical evidence for lsc responses to drought is ambiguous, because previously published results were subject to many confounding factors. we tested how lsc of similar-sized trees of the same population, under similar climatic conditions, responds to persistently wet or dry soil. scots pine (pin ...200818244940
transcriptional analysis of pinus sylvestris roots challenged with the ectomycorrhizal fungus laccaria bicolor.symbiotic ectomycorrhizal associations of fungi with forest trees play important and economically significant roles in the nutrition, growth and health of boreal forest trees, as well as in nutrient cycling. the ecology and physiology of ectomycorrhizal associations with pinus sp are very well documented but very little is known about the molecular mechanisms behind these mutualistic interactions with gymnosperms as compared to angiosperms.200818298811
cryptococcus pinus sp. nov., an anamorphic basidiomycetous yeast isolated from pine litter.a novel species of the genus cryptococcus, isolated from dead needles of pinus sylvestris, was identified using mycocinotyping and rdna sequence data. phylogenetic analysis showed that the novel species was located in the kwoniella clade of the tremellales and was closely related to cryptococcus dejecticola. the type strain of the novel species, cryptococcus pinus sp. nov., is vkm y-2958t (=cbs 10737t).200818676488
diversity and structure of ectomycorrhizal and co-associated fungal communities in a serpentine soil.the community of ectomycorrhizal (ecm) and co-associated fungi from a serpentine site forested with pinus sylvestris and quercus petraea was explored, to improve the understanding of ecm diversity in naturally metalliferous soils. ecm fungi were identified by a combination of morphotyping and direct sequencing of the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer region 2 and of a part of the large-subunit region. co-associated fungi from selected ecm were identified by restriction fragment lengt ...200818677625
the chromosomal distribution of histone methylation marks in gymnosperms differs from that of angiosperms.the chromosomal distribution of seven histone methylation marks (h3k4me2, h3k9me1,2,3 and h3k27me1,2,3) was analysed in the gymnosperm species pinus sylvestris and picea abies. similarly to the situation in other investigated eukaryotes, dimethylation of lysine 4 of histone h3 is restricted to euchromatin in gymnosperms. surprisingly, also h3k9me1-a mark classified as heterochromatin-specific in angiosperms-labels the euchromatin in p. sylvestris and p. abies. the other investigated methylation ...200818679813
seasonal acclimation of photosystem ii in pinus sylvestris. i. estimating the rate constants of sustained thermal energy dissipation and photochemistry.acclimation of the partitioning of absorbed light energy in photosystem ii (psii) between photochemical and non-photochemical processes includes short-term adjustments that are rapidly reversed in the dark and seasonal acclimation processes that are unaffected by dark acclimation. thus, by using dark-acclimated leaves to study the seasonal acclimation of psii, the confounding effect of short-term adjustments is eliminated. the maximum quantum yield of photochemistry, estimated by chlorophyll flu ...200818708329
seasonal acclimation of photosystem ii in pinus sylvestris. ii. using the rate constants of sustained thermal energy dissipation and photochemistry to study the effect of the light environment.photosynthesis in evergreen conifers is characterized by down-regulation in autumn and rapid up-regulation in spring. this seasonal pattern is largely driven by temperature, but the light environment also plays a role. in overwintering scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) trees, psii is less down-regulated and recovers faster from winter stress in shaded needles than in needles exposed to full sunlight. because the effect of light on the seasonal acclimation of psii has not been quantitatively studi ...200818708330
delayed soil thawing affects root and shoot functioning and growth in scots pine.in boreal regions, soil can remain frozen after the start of the growing season. we compared relationships between root characteristics and water relations in scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) saplings subjected to soil frost treatments before and during the first week of the growing period in a controlled environment experiment. delayed soil thawing delayed the onset of sap flow or totally blocked it if soil thawing lagged the start of the growing period by 7 days. this effect was reflected in t ...200818708340
influence of solar uv radiation on the nitrogen metabolism in needles of scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.).needles of 20-year-old scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) saplings were studied in an ultraviolet (uv) exclusion field experiment (from 2000 to 2002) in northern finland (67 degrees n). the chambers held filters that excluded both uv-b and uv-a, excluded uv-b only, transmitted all uv (control), or lacked filters (ambient). uv-b/uv-a exclusion decreased nitrate reductase (nr) activity of 1-year-old needles of scots pines compared to the controls. the proportion of free amino acids varied in the ran ...200818508165
[relationships between phosphorus fractions concentrations in pinus sylvestris var. mongolica needles and soil available phosphorus].to make clear whether mongolian pine (pinus sylvestris var. mongolica) plantation is limited by soil phosphorus (p) supply in southeast horqin sand land and to find out the best leaf indicator of soil p supply, the concentrations of total p, inorganic p and organic p in the needles of different age of p. sylvestris var. mongolica and the soil available p were analyzed. the results showed that in the study area, soil available p was rather low (0.12-0.63 mg x kg(-1)), and had significant correlat ...200818533515
ultrasonic acoustic emissions in drought-stressed trees--more than signals from cavitation?ultrasonic acoustic emission (uae) in trees is often related to collapsing water columns in the flow path as a result of tensions that are too strong (cavitation). however, in a decibel (db) range below that associated with cavitation, a close relationship was found between uae intensities and stem radius changes. uae was continuously recorded on the stems of mature field-grown trees of scots pine (pinus sylvestris) and pubescent oak (quercus pubescens) at a dry inner-alpine site in switzerland ...200818540974
efficient markov chain monte carlo implementation of bayesian analysis of additive and dominance genetic variances in noninbred pedigrees.accurate and fast computation of quantitative genetic variance parameters is of great importance in both natural and breeding populations. for experimental designs with complex relationship structures it can be important to include both additive and dominance variance components in the statistical model. in this study, we introduce a bayesian gibbs sampling approach for estimation of additive and dominance genetic variances in the traditional infinitesimal model. the method can handle general pe ...200818558655
molecular and functional analyses support a role of ornithine-{delta}-aminotransferase in the provision of glutamate for glutamine biosynthesis during pine germination.we report the molecular characterization and functional analysis of a gene (psdeltaoat) from scots pine (pinus sylvestris) encoding orn-delta-aminotransferase (delta-oat; ec 2.6.1.13), an enzyme of arginine metabolism. the deduced amino acid sequence contains a putative n-terminal signal peptide for mitochondrial targeting. the polypeptide is similar to other delta-oats from plants, yeast, and mammals and encoded by a single-copy gene in pine. psdeltaoat encodes a functional delta-oat as determi ...200818621980
plant phenolics affect oxidation of tryptophan.the effect of berry phenolics such as anthocyanins, ellagitannins, and proanthocyanidins from raspberry (rubus idaeus), black currant (ribes nigrum), and cranberry (vaccinium oxycoccus) and byproducts of deoiling processes rich in phenolics such as rapeseed (brassica rapa l.), camelina (camelina sativa), and soy (glycine max l.) as well as scots pine bark (pinus sylvestris) was investigated in an h2o2-oxidized tryptophan (trp) solution. the oxidation of trp was analyzed with high-performance liq ...200818646765
functional characteristics of a tiny but specialized olfactory system: olfactory receptor neurons of carrot psyllids (homoptera: triozidae).with only approximately 50 olfactory receptor neurons (orns), the carrot psyllid trioza apicalis (homoptera: psylloidea) may have the smallest olfactory system described in adult neopteran insects. using single sensillum recordings (ssr) and gas chromatograph-linked ssr, we characterized 4 olfactory sensilla forming a distinct morphological type, which together house approximately 25% of all orns. we recorded responses to extracts and single constituents from daucus carota ssp. sativus, from the ...200818653644
evolutionary aspects of functional and pseudogene members of the phytochrome gene family in scots pine.according to the neutral theory of evolution, mutation and genetic drift are the only forces that shape unconstrained, neutral, gene evolution. thus, pseudogenes (which often evolve neutrally) provide opportunities to obtain direct estimates of mutation rates that are not biased by selection, and gene families comprising functional and pseudogene members provide useful material for both estimating neutral mutation rates and identifying sites that appear to be under positive or negative selection ...200818663508
dichotomization of mycorrhizal and npa-treated short roots in pinus sylvestris.conifers like scots pine (pinus sylvestris) have a complicated root system consisting of morphologically and anatomically different root types, of which the short roots have a very limited ability to elongate. short roots have an important role in nature since they are able to establish ectomycorrhizal symbiosis, in which the growth of fungal mycelium between the epidermal cells and in the intercellular space between cortical cells leads to formation of dichotomous short roots, which may, throug ...200819704726
different patterns of genetic structure of relict and isolated populations of endangered peat-bog pine (pinus uliginosa neumann).recent changes in environmental conditions in populations of peat-bog pine (pinus uliginosa neumann) caused rapid decline or even extinction of the species in several stands in central europe. conservation strategies for p. uliginosa require information about the evolutionary history and genetic structure of its populations. using isozymes we assessed the genetic structure of p. uliginosa from four isolated stands in poland and compared the results to genetic structures of other closely related ...200919875883
are pine plantations valid tools for restoring mediterranean forests? an assessment along abiotic and biotic gradients.the ecological impacts of forest plantations are a focus of intense debate, from studies that consider plantations as "biological deserts" to studies showing positive effects on plant diversity and dynamics. this lack of consensus might be influenced by the scarcity of studies that examine how the ecological characteristics of plantations vary along abiotic and biotic gradients. here we conducted a large-scale assessment of plant regeneration and diversity in plantations of southern spain. tree ...200920014583
determination of fungal diseases, site and stand characteristics in mixed stands in ilgaz-yenice forest district, cankiri, turkey.fungal diseases, site and stand characteristics were investigated in yenice forest sub-district headquarters belonging to ilgaz forest enterprise. diseases and wood decaying fungi on fallen and cut tree stumps were determined on scots pine (pinus sylvestris), crimean pine (p. nigra subsp. nigra varcaramanica), and uludag fir (abies nordmanniana subsp. bommulleriana). altitude (m), exposure, slope (%), relief, rate of mixture (%) and anthropogenic effects were noted for 56 sample plots which have ...200920120498
impact of experimentally elevated ozone on seed germination and growth of russian pine (pinus sylvestris) and spruce (picea spp.) provenances.the impact of elevated ozone concentrations on early ontogenetic stages of pine (pinus sylvestris) and spruce (picea abies, picea obovata, p. abies x p. obovata) seedlings originating from different provenances in russia were studied in the open-field ozone fumigation system located in kuopio, finland, over a span of 2 y. the aot40 value (accumulated ozone dose over the threshold 40 ppb during daylight hours) was 11 ppm hr per growing season, which was 1.4 times higher than the ambient air conce ...200920175444
[effects of vegetation cover on physical and chemical properties of bio-crust and under-layer soil in horqin sand land].to understand the effects of different vegetation cover on the bio-crust and its under-layer soil in horqin sand land, the bio-crust and 0-5 cm soil samples in artemisia frigida, salix microstachya, populus simonii, and pinus sylvestris var. mongolica stands were collected, and their physical and chemical properties were studied. after fifteen years enclosure protection and vegetation establishment, the flowing sand dune in most natural and artificial vegetation sites was covered with bio-crusts ...200919899467
[effects of different type urban forest plantations on soil fertility].aimed to study the effects of different urban forest plantations on soil fertility, soil samples were collected from eight mono-cultured plantations (larix gmelinii, pinus sylvestris var. mongolica, pinus tabulaeformis var. mukdensis, phellodendron amurense, juglans mandshurica, fraxinus mandshurica, betula platyphylla, and quercus mongolica) and one mixed plantation (p. sylvestris var. mongolica + f. mandshurica + picea koraiensis + p. amurense + b. platyphylla) established in northeast forestr ...200920353050
[genetic variability of the natural populations and man-made forests of pinus sylvestris l. from kremenets hills and maloe poles'e].comparative analysis of genetic variability of three relic populations and six forest stands of different age grown in kremenets hills and maloye polesye has been carried out at 19 allozyme loci. all populations and four forest stands were characterized by a low level of heterozygosity (ho = 0.245-0.300). in two other stands it was significantly higher (h0 = 0.245-0.300). allelic and genotypic variability of the natural populations are reproduced in the studied stands. however, genetic distance ...200920458964
lead and vanadium removal from a real industrial wastewater by gravitational settling/sedimentation and sorption onto pinus sylvestris sawdust.batch sorption with untreated pinus sylvestris sawdust after settling/sedimentation phase to remove vanadium and lead from a real industrial wastewater was investigated using different adsorbent doses, initial ph, and contact time. the development of ph along the sorption test and a parallel investigation of metals release from sawdust in distilled water were carried out. in order to evaluate kinetic parameters and equilibrium isotherms, lagergren first-order, pseudo-second-order, intra-particle ...200918664408
hierarchical spatial modeling of additive and dominance genetic variance for large spatial trial datasets.summary: this article expands upon recent interest in bayesian hierarchical models in quantitative genetics by developing spatial process models for inference on additive and dominance genetic variance within the context of large spatially referenced trial datasets. direct application of such models to large spatial datasets are, however, computationally infeasible because of cubic-order matrix algorithms involved in estimation. the situation is even worse in markov chain monte carlo (mcmc) cont ...200918759829
steam explosion lignins; their extraction, structure and potential as feedstock for biodiesel and chemicals.in the present study, a steam explosion wood pre-treatment process, optimized earlier with respect to ethanol production, has been applied to both softwoods (picea abies and pinus sylvestris) and hardwoods (betula verrucosa and populus tremula). the alkaline extractable lignins have then been isolated to investigate lignin separation efficiency and lignin structure and to evaluate their potential for producing value-added products, such as biodiesel components or chemicals, in terms of the purit ...200919157871
optimum contribution selection in large general tree breeding populations with an application to scots pine.development of selection methods that optimises selection differential subject to a constraint on the increase of inbreeding (or coancestry) in a population is an important part of breeding programmes. one such method that has received much attention in animal breeding is the optimum contribution (oc) dynamic selection method. we implemented the oc algorithm and applied it to a diallel progeny trial of pinus sylvestris l. (scots pine) focussing on two traits (total tree height and stem diameter) ...200919183858
mathematical modeling of intrusive growth of fusiform initials in relation to radial growth and expanding cambial circumference in pinus sylvestris l.this study on the cambium of pinus sylvestris l. examines the intrusive growth of fusiform cambial initials and its possible contribution to the tangential and radial expansions of the cambial cylinder. the location and extent of intrusive growth of the fusiform initials were determined by microscopic observations and by mathematical modeling. in order to meet the required circumferential expansion of the cambial cylinder, the fusiform initials grow in groups by means of a symplastic rather than ...200919184456
a new serial pooling method of shifted tree ring blocks to construct millennia long tree ring isotope chronologies with annual resolution.the study presents a new serial pooling method of shifted tree ring blocks for the building of isotope chronologies. this method combines the advantages of traditional 'serial' and 'intertree' pooling, and can be recommended for the construction of sub-regional long isotope chronologies with sufficient replication, and on annual resolution, especially for the case of extremely narrow tree rings. for scots pines (pinus sylvestris l., khibiny low mountains, nw russia) and silver firs (abies alba m ...200919191128
wounding response in xylem of scots pine seedlings shows wide genetic variation and connection with the constitutive defence of heartwood.in this greenhouse experiment, 3-year-old scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) seedlings were wounded by drilling holes through the stem. in the xylem next to the wound, the concentration of resin acids (rac) increased, and the production of extractives typical for heartwood (stilbenes) and knotwood (stilbenes and lignans) of mature trees was induced. the induced stilbenes were pinosylvin (ps) and pinosylvin monomethyl ether (psm), and the lignans nortrachelogenin (ntg) and matairesinol (mr). there ...200919203929
root proliferation of norway spruce and scots pine in response to local magnesium supply in soil.nutrient sources in soils are often heterogeneously distributed. although many studies have examined the root responses to local n and p enrichments in the soil, less research was conducted on root responses to mg patches. new roots of pre-grown mg-insufficient and mg-sufficient plants of norway spruce (picea abies [l.] karst.) and scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) seedlings were allowed to grow into four other pots of equal size, which were placed under the tree-bearing pot. soils in the lower p ...200919203945
induced accumulation of phenolics and sawfly performance in scots pine in response to previous defoliation.phenolic compounds often accumulate in foliar tissues of deciduous woody plants in response to previous insect defoliation, but similar responses have been observed infrequently in evergreen conifers. we studied the effects of defoliation on the foliar chemistry of scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) and cocoon mass, and survival of the pine sawfly (diprion pini l.). in two successive years, needles were excised early in the season leaving only the current-year shoot intact (defoliated trees); untr ...200919203946
ectomycorrhizal root tips in relation to site and stand characteristics in norway spruce and scots pine stands in boreal forests.variations in ectomycorrhizal (ecm) short root tips of norway spruce (picea abies (l.) karst.) and scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) in 16 stands throughout finland were studied, and their relationships with latitude, organic layer c:n ratio, temperature sum and foliage biomass were determined. there were no significant differences in ecm root tip frequency (number per milligram of fine roots) or root tip mass between tree species or between northern and southern sites. the ecm root tip number pe ...200919203968
morphological and physiological responses of scots pine fine roots to water supply in a dry climatic region in switzerland.in recent decades, scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) forests in inner-alpine dry valleys of switzerland have suffered from drought and elevated temperatures, resulting in a higher mortality rate of trees than the mean mortality rate in switzerland. we investigated the responses of fine roots (standing crop, morphological and physiological features) to water supply in a scots pine forest in the rhone valley. before irrigation started in 2003, low- and high-productivity scots pine trees were select ...200919203972
determination of the structure of wood from the self-diffusion probability densities of a fluid observed by position-exchange nmr spectroscopy.self-diffusion of a fluid absorbed in a solid matrix is restricted by the walls of the matrix. we demonstrate that the local self-diffusion probability densities (propagators) of fluid molecules can be measured by position-exchange nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (poxsy), and analysis of the shape of the propagators reveals the local size-distributions of the voids in the matrix. we also show that, in the case of rectangular voids, size-distribution can be calculated in a long diffusion- ...200919209359
cd-tolerant suillus luteus: a fungal insurance for pines exposed to cd.soil metal pollution can trigger evolutionary adaptation in soil-borne organisms. an in vitro screening test showed cadmium adaptation in populations of suillus luteus (l.: fr.) roussel, an ectomycorrhizal fungus of pine trees. cadmium stress was subsequently investigated in scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) seedlings inoculated with a cd-tolerant s. luteus, isolated from a heavy metal contaminated site, and compared to plants inoculated with a cd-sensitive isolate from a non-polluted area. a dos ...200919211178
tracing carbon and oxygen isotope signals from newly assimilated sugars in the leaves to the tree-ring archive.the analysis of delta(13)c and delta(18)o in tree-ring archives offers retrospective insights into environmental conditions and ecophysiological processes. while photosynthetic carbon isotope discrimination and evaporative oxygen isotope enrichment are well understood, we lack information on how the isotope signal is altered by downstream metabolic processes. in pinus sylvestris, we traced the isotopic signals from their origin in the leaf water (delta(18)o) or the newly assimilated carbon (delt ...200919220785
one tissue, two fates: different roles of megagametophyte cells during scots pine embryogenesis.in the scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) seed, embryos grow and develop within the corrosion cavity of the megagametophyte, a maternally derived haploid tissue, which houses the majority of the storage reserves of the seed. in the present study, histochemical methods and quantification of the expression levels of the programmed cell death (pcd) and dna repair processes related genes (mca, tat-d, rad51, ku80, and lig) were used to investigate the physiological events occurring in the megagametophy ...200919246593
identification of a pentaketide stilbene produced by a type iii polyketide synthase from pinus sylvestris and characterisation of free coenzyme a intermediates.the stilbene synthase (sts) from scots pine (pinus sylvestris), which is a type iii polyketide synthase, produces the well known tetraketide resveratrol from coumaroyl-coa and three molecules of malonyl-coa. the same stilbene synthase, however, also generates the previously unknown pentaketide 2-malonylresveratrol from coumaroyl-coa and four molecules of malonyl-coa; this indicates that the enzyme does not precisely control the number of condensations leading to diverse products. tetraketide- an ...200919266535
effect of tree species and mycorrhizal colonization on the archaeal population of boreal forest rhizospheres.group 1.1c crenarchaeota are the predominating archaeal group in acidic boreal forest soils. in this study, we show that the detection frequency of 1.1c crenarchaeotal 16s rrna genes in the rhizospheres of the boreal forest trees increased following colonization by the ectomycorrhizal fungus paxillus involutus. this effect was very clear in the fine roots of pinus sylvestris, picea abies, and betula pendula, the most common forest trees in finland. the nonmycorrhizal fine roots had a clearly dif ...200918978075
vertical gradients of mineral elements in pinus sylvestris crown in alkalised soil.alkalisation of soil has been assumed to be the principal cause of changes in vertical gradients of nutrients in pinus sylvestris crown. the long-term influence of alkaline dust pollution (phh2o 12.3-12.6) emitted from a cement plant on the element composition of soil and needles of scots pine in different canopy layers was studied. in the polluted area, the ph of soils was >7, and high amounts of ca, k and mg were measured in the upper layers of soil (0-30 cm), while the mobility and solubility ...200919015943
determining the highly anisotropic cell structures of pinus sylvestris in three orthogonal directions by pgste nmr of absorbed water and methane.the walls of solid matrix restrict the self-diffusion of a fluid absorbed in the matrix, and this is reflected in the echo amplitudes measured by pgste nmr. hence, the pore size distribution of the matrix can be extracted from the echo amplitudes. we demonstrate that, when both liquids and gases (water and methane in this case) are used as probe fluids, the scale of the dimensions observable by pgste nmr may be over 4 orders of magnitude. this enables determining the dimensions of highly anisotr ...200919105729
interpretation of stem co2 efflux measurements.it is known that stem co2 efflux differs somewhat both temporally and spatially from actual stem respiration, but relations between these two are not fully understood. a physical model of co2 diffusion and advection by xylem sap flow is developed to interpret the co2 flux signal from the stem. model predictions are compared against measured co2 efflux data from a field-grown 16-m pinus sylvestris l. tree. the ratio of co2 efflux to co2 production is predicted to be much larger in the upper part ...200919773338
distribution of 210pb and 210po concentrations in wild berries and mushrooms in boreal forest ecosystems.the activity concentrations and distribution of 210pb and 210po in wild berries and edible mushrooms were investigated in finnish forests. the main study areas were located in scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) forests in southern and northern finland. the activity concentrations of 210pb and 210po in blueberry (vaccinium myrtillus l.) and lingonberry (vaccinium vitis-idaea l.) samples decreased in the order: stems>leaves>berries (i.e. fruits). the activity ratios of 210po/210pb in the wild berry ...200919800659
short-term dynamics of nonstructural carbohydrates and hemicelluloses in young branches of temperate forest trees during bud break.nonstructural carbohydrates (nsc) are the most important c reserves in the tissues of deciduous and evergreen tree species. besides nsc, cell-wall hemicelluloses as the second most abundant polysaccharides in plants have often been discussed to serve as additional mobile carbon (c) reserves during periods of enhanced carbon-sink activities. to assess the significance of hemicelluloses as mobile carbon reserves, branches of two deciduous (carpinus betulus l. and fagus sylvatica l.) and two evergr ...200919457884
drought-induced adaptation of the xylem in scots pine and pubescent oak.drought impairs tree growth in the inner-alpine valleys of central europe. we investigated species-specific responses to contrasting water supply, with scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.), threatened by drought-induced mortality, and pubescent oak (quercus pubescens willd.), showing no connection between drought events and mortality. the two co-occurring tree species were compared, growing either along an open water channel or at a site with naturally dry conditions. in addition, the growth respons ...200919483185
short-term dynamics of abiotic and biotic soil 13co2 effluxes after in situ 13co2 pulse labelling of a boreal pine forest.physical diffusion of isotopic tracers into and out of soil pores causes considerable uncertainty for the timing and magnitude of plant belowground allocation in pulse-labelling experiments. here, we partitioned soil co(2) isotopic fluxes into abiotic tracer flux (physical return), heterotrophic flux, and autotrophic flux contributions following (13)co(2) labelling of a swedish pinus sylvestris forest. soil co(2) efflux and its isotopic composition from a combination of deep and surface soil col ...200919496953
[genetic variability in scots pine populations from the bryansk region contaminated by radioactive pollutants as a result of the chernobyl npp accident].the method of isozymic analysis of megagametophytes is used for an estimation of genetic variability in populations of scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.), inhabiting contrast on the level of radioactive contamination (60-17800 bq/kg on 137cs) sites in the bryansk region, undergone to radioactive pollution as a result of the chernobyl accident. values of all investigated parameters of genetic variability (heterozygosity, frequency of polymorphic loci, jivotovski index) and frequencies of the mutati ...200919507681
medicinal properties, in vitro protocols and secondary metabolite analyses of scots pine.scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) is known as an economically important forest tree with a wide distribution throughout the northern hemisphere. recently, the species has also become recognized as a novel source of functional food and bioactive compounds with medicinal properties. the present paper provides up-to-date information on protocols for somatic embryogenesis (i.e., the most promising in vitro method for vegetative propagation of scots pine). endophyte protocols cover the topics of endop ...200919521833
impact of scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) plantings on long term (137)cs and (90)sr recycling from a waste burial site in the chernobyl red forest.plantings of scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) on a waste burial site in the chernobyl red forest was shown to greatly influence the long term redistribution of radioactivity contained in sub-surfaces trenches. after 15 years of growth, aboveground biomass of the average tree growing on waste trench no.22 had accumulated 1.7 times more (137)cs than that of trees growing off the trench, and 5.4 times more (90)sr. at the scale of the trench and according to an average tree density of 3300 trees/ha ...200919525043
[microsporogenesis and pollen formation in scotch pine (pinus sylvestris l.)].the prolongation of a warm season during autumn, typical for the siberia in recent 5-6 years, caused changes in the terms of reproductive processes in microsporangia of scotch pine in the krasnoyarsk region. the meiosis started in the autumn of the year, preceding the pollination, and comes to the end in next spring, whereas usually this process occurs in the spring of the year of pollination. in such conditions the division of microsporocytes accompanied with different abnormalities, causing va ...200919548623
allergenicity and cross-reactivity of pine pollen.pine pollen has long been considered a non-allergenic pollen. the large size of the grain and its low levels of proteins are the main reasons invoked to explain this low allergenicity. the aim of this study was to describe the main allergenic bands of pinus radiata (pr) and its cross-reactivity with other pine species, other conifers and grass pollen.200919573163
estimating gametic introgression rates in a risk assessment context: a case study with scots pine relicts.the estimation of recent gene immigration is fundamental to a wide range of evolutionary and conservation studies. in a risk assessment context, gene flow estimation procedures are needed that are both accurate and readily amenable to formal evaluation of statistical uncertainty. however, genetic methods for estimating recent migration rates that are specific and have been thoroughly evaluated are scarce. here we use an original and straightforward maximum-likelihood method to estimate recent un ...200919603058
intra-annual variability of anatomical structure and delta(13)c values within tree rings of spruce and pine in alpine, temperate and boreal europe.tree-ring width, wood density, anatomical structure and (13)c/(12)c ratios expressed as delta(13)c-values of whole wood of picea abies were investigated for trees growing in closed canopy forest stands. samples were collected from the alpine renon site in north italy, the lowland hainich site in central germany and the boreal flakaliden site in north sweden. in addition, pinus cembra was studied at the alpine site and pinus sylvestris at the boreal site. the density profiles of tree rings were m ...200919653008
[genetic consequences of irradiation in a scots pine pinus sylvestris l. population].the genetic consequences of irradiation were studied in a scots pine population from a region contaminated as a result of the chernobyl meltdown. mutations of isozyme loci were not detected in seeds collected from trees of the first post-meltdown generation in 2004. the frequency of cells with chromosome aberrations in the root meristem of seedlings grown from the seeds did not differ from the control level. a deviation from the expected ratio 1:1 was observed for some isozyme alleles in endospe ...200919334615
[dose dependence of the frequency of morphological changes in scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) in chernobyl exclusion zone].patterns and main parameters of the dynamics of radioactive contamination of organs of scots pine in the plantations of chernobyl zone are presented. on the basis of this data and within the frameworks of the microdosimetric approach, the dosimetric model for the apical meristem of the pine trees was created. the dose rates were calculated for the trees of the experimental array growing at three sites in the exclusion zone and one outside, which differed by three orders of magnitude of the trees ...200919368333
discrete shoot and root stem cell-promoting wus/wox5 functions are an evolutionary innovation of angiosperms.the morphologically diverse bodies of seed plants comprising gymnosperms and angiosperms, which separated some 350 ma, grow by the activity of meristems containing stem cell niches. in the dicot model arabidopsis thaliana, these are maintained by the stem cell-promoting functions of wus and wuschel-related homeobox 5 (wox5) in the shoot and the root, respectively. both genes are members of the wox gene family, which has a monophyletic origin in green algae. the establishment of the wox gene phyl ...200919387013
comparison of the pyrolysis behavior of lignins from different tree species.despite the increasing importance of biomass pyrolysis, little is known about the pyrolysis behavior of lignin--one of the main components of biomass--due to its structural complexity and the difficulty in its isolation. in the present study, we extracted lignins from manchurian ash (fraxinus mandschurica) and mongolian scots pine (pinus sylvestris var. mongolica) using the bjorkman procedure, which has little effect on the structure of lignin. fourier transform infrared (ftir) spectrometry was ...200919393737
the ectomycorrhizal morphotype pinirhiza sclerotia is formed by acephala macrosclerotiorum sp. nov., a close relative of phialocephala fortinii.relatively few ectomycorrhizal fungal species are known to form sclerotia. usually, sclerotia are initiated at the extraradical mycelium. in this study, we present anatomical and ultrastructural evidence for the formation of sclerotia directly in the hyphal mantle of the mycorrhizal morphotype pinirhiza sclerotia. a dark-pigmented fungal strain was isolated from pinirhiza sclerotia and identified by molecular tools as acephala macrosclerotiorum sp. nov., a close relative of phialocephala fortini ...200919415343
secretory response induced by essential oils on airway surface fluid: a pharmacological mri study.using pharmacological magnetic resonance imaging, we have performed an in vivo evaluation of the secretory response induced by essential oils in the rat airway. aim of the work was to establish a computerized method to assess the efficacy of volatile compounds in spatially localized areas without the bias derived by subjective evaluation. magnetic resonance experiments were carried out using a 4.7 t horizontal magnet. in the trachea, airway surface fluid was easily identified for its high intens ...200919422906
thinning affects nutrient resorption and nutrient-use efficiency in two pinus sylvestris stands in the pyrenees.needle chemical composition was measured, and nutrient resorption, nutrient-use efficiency (nue), and other indexes were estimated for 24 months in two contrasting natural pinus sylvestris l. forests in the western pyrenees in spain. for each location (aspurz, 650 m elevation, 7% slope; garde, 1335 m elevation, 40% slope), there were three reference plots (p0), three plots with 20% of the basal area removed (p20), and three with 30% of the basal area removed (p30). needle p, ca, and mg concentra ...200919425431
copper(ii) and zinc(ii) biosorption on pinus sylvestris l.the biosorption properties of copper(ii) and zinc(ii) onto a cone biomass of pinus sylvestris l. was investigated by using batch techniques. the biosorption studies carried out with single metal solutions. the removal of copper(ii) and zinc(ii) from aqueous solution increased with ph and sharply decreased when ph of the solution was decreased. the maximum biosorption efficiency of p. sylvestris was 67% and 30% for cu(ii) and zn(ii), respectively. batch kinetic and isotherm of biosorption metal i ...200918502038
variations of measured and simulated soil-loss amounts in a semiarid area in turkey.the main goal of this research was soil-loss determination and comparison of the plot measurement results with simulation model (universal soil loss equation (usle)) results in different land use and slope classes. the research took place in three different land-use types (scotch pine forest, pasture land, and agricultural land) and in two different slope classes (15-20%, 35-40%). within six measurement stations (for each land-use type and slope class-one station), totally 18 measurement plots h ...201019444634
eriophyoid mites (acari: eriophyoidea) on coniferous trees: is the occurrence of one species associated with the other?although eriophyoidea is one of the most important phytophagous mite taxa owing to its negative impact on plants, reports on associations between occurrences of eriophyoid species are scarce. the aim of this paper is to test the hypothesis that the occurrence of one species is correlated with the occurrence of another in some predictive manner. analyses are carried out for two popular coniferous trees in poland, i.e., norway spruce (picea abies) and scots pine (pinus sylvestris). observations we ...201019690969
ultrasonic emissions from conifer xylem exposed to repeated freezing.ultrasonic emission measurements enable the analysis of xylem cavitation induced by drought and freeze-thaw events. several studies have indicated that ultrasonic acoustic emissions (uae) in conifers occur upon freezing and not upon thawing, although classical theory has postulated gas bubble formation during freezing and cavitation during thawing. we analyzed the pattern and quality of freeze-thaw-induced uae in seven conifers (abies alba, larix decidua, juniperus communis, picea abies, pinus c ...201019692146
a comparison of the growth of scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) in a reclaimed oil shale post-mining area and in a calluna site in estonia.the growth of scots pine and its suitability for afforestation of post-mining landscapes in northeast estonia were assessed in comparative analytical studies by using morphological parameters and mineral nutrition characteristics. the growth and nutrient uptake of scots pine growing on post-mining substrate were compared with the characteristics of pines of the same age (22-23 years) in a calluna forest site type predominant in north estonia in similar climatic zone. results of the analyses of s ...201019472062
the influence of dissolved organic carbon on sorption of heavy metals on urea-treated pine bark.a previous study showed considerably higher metal adsorption by urea-treated pine bark (utb) compared to non-treated bark (ntb) at metal adsorption from their individual relatively concentrated solutions. comparison of the sorption characteristics of the two pine barks at low but environmentally relevant metal concentrations, and investigation of the influence of ph and dissolved organic carbon (doc) on the sorption process are the aims of the present study. sorption of cu(2+), ni(2+), zn(2+) an ...201019836133
time-of-flight remote detection mri of thermally modified wood.we demonstrate that time-of-flight (tof) remote detection (rd) magnetic resonance imaging (mri) provides detailed information about physical changes in wood due to thermal modification that is not available with conventional nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) based techniques. in the experiments, xenon gas was forced to flow through pinus sylvestris pine wood samples, and the flow paths and dispersion of gas atoms were observed by measuring (129)xe tof rd mri images from the samples. mri sensitivi ...201019857978
mistletoe-induced crown degradation in scots pine in a xeric environment.increasing scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) mortality has been recently observed in the dry inner valleys of the european alps. besides drought, infection with pine mistletoe (viscum album ssp. austriacum) seems to play an important role in the mortality dynamics of scots pines, but how mistletoes promote pine decline remains unclear. to verify whether pine mistletoe infection weakens the host via crown degradation, as observed for dwarf mistletoes, we studied the negative effects of pine mistle ...201020504777
assessing the long-term species composition predicted by prognaus.tree growth models are supposed to contain stand growth laws as so called "emergent properties" which derive from interactions of individual-tree growth and mortality functions. this study investigates whether the evolving tree species composition in a long term simulation by the distance-independent tree growth model prognaus matches the species composition of the potential natural vegetation type which is expected to occur if one refrains from further management interventions and major disturb ...201021151325
ericaceous dwarf shrubs affect ectomycorrhizal fungal community of the invasive pinus strobus and native pinus sylvestris in a pot experiment.this study aimed to elucidate the relationship between ericaceous understorey shrubs and the diversity and abundance of ectomycorrhizal fungi (ecmf) associated with the invasive pinus strobus and native pinus sylvestris. seedlings of both pines were grown in mesocosms and subjected to three treatments simulating different forest microhabitats: (a) grown in isolation and grown with (b) vaccinium myrtillus or (c) vaccinium vitis-idaea. ericaceous plants did not act as a species pool of pine mycobi ...201021161550
uptake of ¹³⁷cs by berries, mushrooms and needles of scots pine in peatland forests after wood ash application.increasing use of wood fuels for energy production in finland since the 1990s implies that large quantities of the generated ashes will be available for forest fertilization. the aim of this study was to analyse the effect of wood ash application on ¹³⁷cs activity concentrations in scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) needles and certain berries and mushrooms on drained peatlands. the study was based on field experiments carried out on two mires in finland in 1997-1998. two different types of wood a ...201020864229
recovery of ectomycorrhiza after 'nitrogen saturation' of a conifer forest.trees reduce their carbon (c) allocation to roots and mycorrhizal fungi in response to high nitrogen (n) additions, which should reduce the n retention capacity of forests. the time needed for recovery of mycorrhizas after termination of n loading remains unknown. here, we report the long-term impact of n loading and the recovery of ectomycorrhiza after high n loading on a pinus sylvestris forest. we analysed the n% and abundance of the stable isotope (15) n in tree needles and soil, soil microb ...201020880225
distribution of (210)pb and (210)po in boreal forest soil.vertical distribution and activity contents of (210)pb and (210)po were investigated in forest soils of scots pine-dominated (pinus sylvestris l.) stands from seven different locations in finland. the mean total inventory in the soil profile, up to 20cm, of (210)pb was 4.0kbqm(-2) (range3.1-5.0kbqm(-2)) and (210)po 5.5kbqm(-2) (range 4.0-7.4kbqm(-2)), the organic soil layer containing 45% of the total inventory of both nuclides. in both the organic and the mineral layers the (210)po/(210)pb rati ...201020888619
the siderophore ferricrocin produced by specific foliar endophytic fungi in vitro.production of extracellular siderophores is typical for many plant-associated microbes, both mutualistic and antagonistic. various strains of mycorrhizal fungi produce siderophores, and siderophore production by pathogenic fungi is typically associated with virulence. we analyzed extracellular siderophore production along with production of antibacterial and antioxidant compounds in foliar endophytic fungi of scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) and labrador tea (rhododendron tomentosum harmaja). th ...201020943135
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