Publications

vaginitis and pregnancy.	vaginitis in pregnant women can affect the outcome of the pregnancy through preterm labor, premature rupture of the membranes, chorioamnionitis, neonatal infection and postpartum endometritis. women can be screened for group b streptococci, and infection in the newborn can be prevented by the institution of antibiotic therapy in labor. screening pregnant women for bacterial vaginitis can reduce the risk of premature rupture of the membranes, premature labor and neonatal infection.	1989	2795573
the value of routine cervical cultures before transcervical chorionic villus sampling.	in 226 women requesting chorionic villus sampling (cvs), routine cervical cultures were obtained before the procedure. transcervical cvs was performed irrespective of the test results. the prevalence of potential pathogens in cervical cultures at our institution is low. beta haemolytic streptococcus was cultured in 3 per cent of the women. no pathogenic microorganisms were isolated in 64 per cent of the women. there was no relationship between culture results and the outcome of pregnancy. these ...	1989	2798342
sexually transmitted pathogens in pregnant women in a rural south african community.	one hundred and ninety three consecutive pregnant women attending peripheral antenatal clinics attached to ngwelezana hospital, empangeni, kwa-zulu, were examined for evidence of sexually transmitted pathogens. the following incidences were found: trichomonas vaginalis 49.2% (95), candida spp 38.3% (74), chlamydia trachomatis 11.4% (22), gardnerella vaginalis 6.2% (12), neisseria gonorrhoeae 5.7% (11), positive syphilis serology results 11.9% (23), hepatitis b surface antigen 4.1% (eight). no wo ...	1989	2807289
importance of gardnerella vaginalis as an aetiological agent in bacterial vaginosis.		1989	2807292
comparative in-vitro activity of meropenem on clinical isolates from the united kingdom.	mics of meropenem were determined for a wide range of common bacteria of clinical importance. for enterobacteriaceae, aeromonas spp., haemophilus influenzae, branhamella catarrhalis, neisseria gonorrhoeae, gardnerella vaginalis, campylobacter coli/jejuni, beta-haemolytic streptococci and anaerobes other than clostridium difficile, mics were almost always within the range 0.002-0.5 mg/l. the activity of meropenem for these organisms was always greater than that of imipenem and piperacillin, and w ...	1989	2808214
gardnerella vaginalis as a urinary pathogen.		1989	2809241
gardnerella vaginalis bacteremia in a man with prostatic adenoma.		1990	1688908
evaluation of the gram stain as a screening tool for maternal carriage of group b beta-hemolytic streptococci. the vaginal infections and prematurity study group.	to determine the usefulness of the vaginal gram stain as a screen for maternal group b streptococcal carriage, we compared the presence of gram-positive cocci on gram stain with a cervicovaginal culture in 7755 women at 23-26 weeks' gestation and in 1452 women at delivery. group b streptococci were isolated from 18.4% of women at 23-26 weeks and 14.9% of women at delivery. the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of the gram stain were 28, 69, 17, an ...	1990	1699182
evaluation of the significance of mycoplasma hominis and ureaplasma urealyticum in female genital tract infection--a retrospective case note study.	routine screening for sexually transmitted diseases in new patients attending the genitourinary clinic in stoke-on-trent includes a culture for mycoplasma hominis (mh) and ureaplasma urealyticum (uu). a retrospective study was carried out on 400 female patients to ascertain whether there were any significant differences between the group positive for mh and uu and the negative control group. the positive group were found to be younger on average, but to have similar sexual histories to the negat ...	1990	2083293
bacterial vaginosis.	in the western world, bacterial vaginosis is now being recognised as the commonest cause of vaginitis. bacterial vaginosis represents a major disturbance in vaginal microbiology with the massive overgrowth of predominantly anaerobic bacteria normally found in the vagina. accordingly, high population levels of non-fragilis bacteroides sp., peptostreptococci, gardnerella vaginalis and mobiluncus sp. are found, with a corresponding decline in lactobacillus sp. excessive polyamine production by anae ...	1990	2091736
[the diagnosis of gardnerellosis and other nonsporulating anaerobic infection of the urogenital organs].		1990	2094103
isolation of gardnerella vaginalis from the reproductive tract of four mares.	a gram-variable pleomorphic bacillus was isolated from the reproductive tracts of 4 mares during routine prebreeding soundness examinations. using a commercial bacterial identification system, these organisms were identified as streptococcus acidominimus. however, colonial and gram-staining characteristics did not support this identification. subsequent testing indicated the organism was similar to gardnerella vaginalis. additional growth and biochemical analysis performed in our laboratory and ...	1990	2094442
psychosocial aspects of chronic, clinically unconfirmed vulvovaginitis.	women with chronic symptoms of vulvovaginitis referred to a university vulvovaginitis clinic were assessed on psychological and social (including sexual) variables to determine whether differences existed among women with unconfirmed vulvovaginitis, women with confirmed vulvovaginitis, and healthy controls. eighty-three consecutive women with chronic symptoms of vulvovaginitis and 32 asymptomatic control women completed clinical examinations, cultures, and the following psychological tests or qu ...	1990	2098014
non-specific vaginitis vis-a-vis gardnerella vaginalis.	one hundred patients of vaginitis along with 50 age matched control women were studied. non-specific vaginitis (nsv) was diagnosed on the basis of the presence of at least any three of the four parameters which included presence of thin gray homogeneous discharge, ph of the discharge greater than or equal to 4.5, liberation of fishy odour from the discharge after adding 10 per cent koh and presence of clue cells using these criteria, nsv was diagnosed in 22 of the 100 patients and in 4 of 50 con ...	1990	2098433
apparently 'sterile' pyuria in children.		1990	2115355
the inflammatory cervical smear: a study in general practice.	this study set out to determine whether the term 'inflammatory' in a cervical smear report implies underlying infection or whether it could be masking cancerous or precancerous changes. of 826 smears taken in one practice over one year, 42 demonstrated some degree of inflammatory change. thirty four of these women presented for swabs and almost half (47%) had a microbiologically proven infection. this group was further subdivided, and of those whose smears were reported as simple 'inflammation', ...	1990	2117946
a further look at infection at the time of therapeutic abortion.	microbiological investigations and clinical follow-up were performed on 516 patients undergoing first-trimester termination of pregnancy, over a 2-year period. chlamydia trachomatis was isolated by pre-operative microbiological screening in 6.7% of patients, gonococcus in 0.4% and trichomonas vaginalis in 2%. candida spp and gardnerella vaginalis were isolated from 16% and 28% of the women, respectively. patients who had positive cervical chlamydial isolation were significantly younger (less tha ...	1990	2121562
is candidiasis the true cause of vulvovaginal irritation in women with diabetes mellitus?	vulvovaginitis is common in diabetic women and is often treated with antifungal agents on the assumption that the causative organism is candida albicans. in a survey of 100 consecutive diabetic women attending a diabetes clinic 36 had complained to their general practitioner about vulvovaginal irritation during the past three years and 26 were treated with antifungal agents without a vaginal examination or swabs being taken. in a separate study 27 post-menopausal women with non-insulin dependent ...	1990	2131794
bacteriological state of the urine in symptom-free adult males.	mid-stream urine specimens from 120 symptom-free males aged between 15 and 60 years were examined for cells and bacteria. only 3 specimens showed pyuria, all of which yielded fastidious organisms. no specimen yielded a pure growth of an aerobe. fastidious organisms in pure or mixed growth were isolated from 26% of the specimens, none in a count greater than 10(8)/l and the majority in counts less than 10(7)/l. it was concluded that pure growths of aerobes in any count in patients with symptoms a ...	1990	2132301
[sexual transmission of gardnerella vaginalis].		1990	2137241
in-vitro studies with ramoplanin (mdl 62,198): a novel lipoglycopeptide antimicrobial.	ramoplanin is a novel lipoglycopeptide antimicrobial complex, isolated from the fermentation products of a strain of actinoplanes sp. (atcc 33076), which comprises three closely related polypeptides, each containing chlorinated phenyl moieties and d-mannose. the in-vitro activity of ramoplanin was compared with those of vancomycin and teicoplanin. ramoplanin was very active against staphylococcus spp., irrespective of methicillin susceptibility, with all isolates inhibited by 1 mg/l or less. con ...	1990	2139436
use of the rapid-ana system and sodium polyanetholesulfonate disk susceptibility testing in identifying haemophilus ducreyi.	haemophilus ducreyi has traditionally been difficult to identify. we have utilized simple test methods to identify 19 fresh isolates obtained during a recent outbreak of chancroid in houston and six strains of h. ducreyi from other outbreaks. tests were performed from growth on chocolate agar after 48 h of incubation at 35 degrees c with increased humidity and co2. all isolates exhibited typical colonial morphology and gram stain. isolates were catalase negative and oxidase and nitrate positive ...	1990	2153697
characterization of the tet m determinants in urogenital and respiratory bacteria.	tetracycline-resistant fusobacterium nucleatum, haemophilus ducreyi, mycoplasma hominis, peptostreptococcus spp., ureaplasma urealyticum, and veillonella parvula had dna sequences which showed homology throughout the length of the tet m transposon, tn916. in contrast, gardnerella vaginalis, commensal neisseria spp., and the 25.2-megadalton plasmid family lacked the complete transposon.	1990	2159259
a follow-up study of methods of contraception, sexual activity, and rates of trichomoniasis, candidiasis, and bacterial vaginosis.	a randomized, clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the spermicidal agent nonoxynol 9 as prophylaxis for sexually transmitted diseases. eight hundred eighteen women using birth control who attended a sexually transmitted disease clinic were evaluated monthly for trichomoniasis, candidiasis, and bacterial vaginosis for 6 months. women using the active spermicide experienced a somewhat lower incidence rate of trichomoniasis (relative rate 0.83; 95% confidence interval 0.61 to 1.12) and bacteria ...	1990	2167008
etiology and treatment of post-cesarean-section endometritis after cephalosporin prophylaxis.	to describe the microbiologic etiology of post-cesarean endometritis developing after perioperative cephalosporin prophylaxis, endometrial samples were obtained from 27 women with a triple-lumen catheter. the women were assigned in a double-blind, randomized fashion to receive either ticarcillin/clavulanate, 3.1 g, or cefoxitin, 2 g, administered every six hours, until the clinical signs of infection resolved. a total of 149 microorganisms (84 facultative and 65 obligate anaerobes) were recovere ...	1990	2181119
genital infections in women attending a genito-urinary clinic in harare, zimbabwe.	one hundred women attending a sexually transmitted diseases clinic in harare were examined for presenting features and genital infections. the most common presenting symptoms were of discharge, lower abdominal pain and dysuria, and on examination signs of discharge, inflammation, haemorrhage or ulcers/erosions were noticeable in all women. fourteen women had genital warts. pathogens were detected in 95% of patients. gonococcal infection occurred in 19 women, with 60% of the strains isolated bein ...	1990	2196216
bacterial vaginosis: diagnostic and pathogenetic findings during topical clindamycin therapy.	we examined subjective and objective correlates among 67 women with symptomatic bacterial vaginosis before and after treatment with intravaginal clindamycin or placebo. we found no preponderance of any sexual practices among these patients. nine patients (13.4%) had had hysterectomy. whereas odor and discharge were the most common symptoms, 30 patients (44.8%) also complained of vulvovaginal irritation. symptoms correlated poorly with objective therapeutic outcome. on examination the diagnosis w ...	1990	2201189
enumeration of clue cells in rehydrated air-dried vaginal wet smears for the diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis.	among 235 women attending an outpatient clinic, the diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis was made using three of the following four criteria: typical discharge, ph more than 4.5, positive amine sniff test, and clue cells in a wet smear. these findings were correlated with the finding of clue cells in air-dried wet smears rehydrated more than 1 month after the visit. the rehydrated specimens had the same microscopic appearance as a nonpreserved wet smear. the demonstration of clue cells in the rehydr ...	1990	2216211
vaginitis. systematically solving a bothersome problem.	vaginitis is a common cause of patient visits to primary care physicians. causes include allergic and irritative factors and infectious agents. diagnosis is readily made with use of simple office procedures such as wet smears, stains, and cultures. treatment with appropriate antibiotics or vaginal preparations is usually effective.	1990	2216971
comparative in vitro activity of cefpirome and cefepime, two new cephalosporins.	in in vitro tests the broad-spectrum cephalosporins cefpirome and cefepime were highly active against enterobacteriaceae, although often less so against strains resistant to amoxicillin-clavulanate and ticarcillin-clavulanate, and against most strains of acinetobacter spp. and aeromonas hydrophila. they were also active against pseudomonas aeruginosa, although strains with non-plasmid mediated beta-lactam resistance were sometimes less sensitive. other pseudomonas spp. varied in their sensitivit ...	1990	2226498
identification and partial characterization of a cytolytic toxin produced by gardnerella vaginalis.	generation and release into the culture medium of a cytolytic toxin by gardnerella vaginalis has been demonstrated. addition of starch and of the nonionic detergent tween 80 to the culture medium was essential to recover cytolytic activity. a protein with an apparent molecular mass of 61 to 63 kda was purified from the culture supernatants showing lytic activity towards erythrocytes and nucleated cells, such as human endothelial cells and human neutrophils. the protein had marked selectivity for ...	1990	2228246
tetracycline resistance in gardnerella vaginalis.		1990	2228834
reservoir of four organisms associated with bacterial vaginosis suggests lack of sexual transmission.	this study consisted of a search for the possible reservoir and mode of spread of the four bacterial vaginosis-associated organisms mobiluncus mulieris, mobiluncus curtisii, mycoplasma hominis, and gardnerella vaginalis. their occurrence in rectal, oral, and pharyngeal specimens from women with and without bacterial vaginosis, their male sexual consorts, four homosexual men, and children (altogether, 374 people) was studied. genital samples were also obtained from all adults. all four organisms ...	1990	2229386
a rapid dna isolation procedure from petri dish grown clinical bacterial isolates.		1990	2243812
vaginitis emphysematosa. a report of four cases.	it has been hypothesized that vaginitis emphysematosa is a manifestation of trichomonal or gardnerella infection. in support of this etiologic concept, four cases of the disorder are described showing the apparent curative effect of treating the associated infection. the linkage of these and other reported cases with conditions of impaired immunity suggests that immunologic factors are involved in the pathogenesis.	1990	2246767
[the ultrastructure of anaerobes isolated from the urogenital tract of women].	electron microscopic (ultrathin sections) examination of culture strains of vaginal gardnerella and bacteroids isolated in aerobic conditions from urogenital tract of women suffering from gardnerella infection was carried out. structural analysis of the bacteria is presented, i.e. their shape, size, morphology, and features of multiplication.	1990	2256361
[management of a case of non specific vaginitis].		1990	2260808
incidence of gardnerella vaginalis infection in pregnant & non-pregnant women with non-specific vaginitis.	the occurrence of g. vaginalis in patients with non-specific vaginitis (nsv) was studied. of the 200 women with vaginitis screened, 84 were diagnosed to have non-specific vaginitis. g. vaginalis was isolated from 33 (39.28%) patients either alone or in combination with other organisms, while one of the healthy controls with no vaginal discharge yielded g. vaginalis on culture. the nature of vaginal discharge could not be correlated with the type of infection. clue cells and amine test gave incon ...	1990	2269507
[intravaginal bacterial flora in patients with uterine cervical cancer, with special reference to gardnerella vaginalis].	in a total of 18 subjects, comprising 16 cases of uterine cervical cancer (4 cases, stage ib; 1 case, stage iia; 11 cases, stage iib) and 2 cases of cervical dysplasia, the intravaginal bacterial floras, including gardnerella vaginalis (g. vaginalis) and mobiluncus spp., were investigated. in uterine cervical cancer, there were mixed bacterial flora of aerobes and anaerobes but what is of note is that g. vaginalis was detected in 7 out of 16 cases of uterine cervical cancer and in 1 out of 2 cas ...	1990	2273311
longitudinal study of the biotypes of gardnerella vaginalis.	gardnerella vaginalis is the predominant vaginal microorganism in women with bacterial vaginosis. however, this organism is also frequently isolated from women without signs or symptoms of vaginitis. earlier studies have not revealed whether certain biotypes of g. vaginalis are more often associated with bacterial vaginosis or are more common in women who acquire bacterial vaginosis. we used a typing scheme based on tests for beta-galactosidase, hippurate hydrolysis, and lipase, using oleate as ...	1990	2280007
the detection of gardnerella vaginalis dna sequences in uncultured clinical specimens with cloned g. vaginalis dna as probes.	cloned gardnerella vaginalis dna were selected from a plasmid dna library constructed with partially restriction endonuclease hind iii-digested genomic dna of g. vaginalis to serve as dna probe in detecting g. vaginalis. the level of detection was determined to be approximately 10,000 cells by slot-blot dna hybridization. this probe dna will not cross-hybridize with dna of a number of non-gardnerella micro-organisms commonly found in female genital tract. the dna probe-based hybridization test m ...	1990	2280782
[vaginitis and vaginosis].	recently, within the wide subject on vaginal phlogosis a new pathology has been included. owing to its peculiar characteristics, as it is not to be regarded as a vaginitis in the strict sense of the word, it has been identified as anaerobic bacterial vaginosis. the latter proves to be different from most common vaginitis related pathologies as a result of a series of microbiological and clinical patterns that are widely dealt with in this research. moreover, the author place special emphasis on ...	1990	2284037
metronidazole pessaries compared with placebo in the treatment of bacterial vaginosis.	in a randomized, double-blind clinical trial from general practice, 500 mg metronidazole pessaries applied once daily for seven days were compared with placebo in the treatment of bacterial vaginosis. seventy-five women completed the study. at the follow-up visit immediately after completion of treatment, none of the patients on metronidazole fulfilled the criteria for bacterial vaginosis, compared with 12 (35%) in the placebo group (p less than 0.001). nine (22%) of the patients treated with me ...	1990	2284521
microbiology of specialized skin: the vulva.	human vulvar skin is an example of specialized skin. this is not only true for its gross and microscopic anatomy and physiology, but also for its microbiology. to the microbiologist, the vulva consists of several distinct ecotopes. these are defined by the physical factors, especially occlusion, nutrient factors, and by the close proximity to the vagina, the urethra, and the anus, which may result in contamination with the flora typical for those sites. of the vulva ecotopes, only the labia majo ...	1990	2285574
bacterial vaginosis as a risk factor for post-cesarean endometritis.	bacterial species associated with bacterial vaginosis have been isolated more frequently from endometrial cultures of patients with postpartum endometritis than expected from the prevalence of bacterial vaginosis among pregnant women. to further assess the association between bacterial vaginosis and postpartum endometritis, vaginal gram smears were obtained from women admitted for delivery. vaginal smears of women delivered by cesarean were scored as normal or as indicating bacterial vaginosis. ...	1990	2296423
gardnerella vaginalis in posthysterectomy infection.	eighty-six women were admitted for abdominal hysterectomy. preoperatively, 43 women were culture-positive for gardnerella vaginalis from the cervical os, and 43 women were culture-negative. postoperatively, 18 patients developed inflammation; among those 14 patients from the culture-positive group were infected, whereas only 4 patients from the culture-negative group developed inflammation. the difference between occurrence of g. vaginalis and the absence of the bacteria in patients with postope ...	1990	2311819
sexual transmission of gardnerella vaginalis.		1990	2312118
bacteriologic findings of post-cesarean endometritis in adolescents.	two hundred four post-cesarean adolescents were compared with 751 adults to determine whether age was a risk factor for endometritis. adolescents had an infection rate of 23%, compared with 11% for controls (p less than .001). length of labor, duration of ruptured membranes, and the use of an internal monitor were noted to be risk factors for endometritis in adults, but not in adolescents. endometrial aspirates from adolescents exhibited significantly higher isolation rates of chlamydia trachoma ...	1990	2314783
relationship of bacteriologic characteristics to semen indices in men attending an infertility clinic.	bacteria can be isolated from most seminal fluid samples, but the significance of these microorganisms is uncertain because most men lack symptoms associated with bacterial infection of the reproductive tract. we obtained semen samples from 37 men attending a special infertility clinic and assessed the relationship between seminal fluid microorganisms and seminal fluid analysis including sperm motility, morphology, and concentration; the numbers of polymorphonuclear leukocytes and other white bl ...	1990	2325963
genetic basis of tetracycline resistance in urogenital bacteria.	the distributions of the nucleotide sequences related to the tetracycline resistance determinants tet k, tet l, tet m, and tet o were studied by dot blot hybridization with randomly chosen clinical urogenital tract isolates of viridans group streptococci, streptococcus agalactiae, enterococcus faecalis, gardnerella vaginalis, lactobacillus spp., fusobacterium nucleatum, peptostreptococcus spp., and veillonella parvula. among the peptostreptococcus spp., 79% of the isolates hybridized with one (6 ...	1990	2327774
the role and prevalence of gardnerella vaginalis in anaerobic vaginosis.	310 cases of anaerobic vaginosis and 80 asymptomatic females were studied for the detection of various organisms from their genital specimens. the main complaint of the symptomatic cases was vaginal discharge. neisseria gonorrhoeae, candida albicans, trichomonas vaginalis. bacteroides species, anaerobic cocci and gardnerella vaginalis were detected. the frequency of detection of all except c. albicans was less in pregnant than non-pregnant women. however, the prevalence of anaerobes and g. vagin ...	1990	2332249
estimation of power using simulation techniques.		1990	2332750
survey of genitourinary organisms in a population of sexually active adolescent males admitted to a chemical dependency unit.	sixty-two males consecutively admitted to an adolescent chemical dependency unit for treatment over a one-year period were studied. when interviewed, all denied having urogenital symptoms. forty-eight reported having had sexual intercourse. of these 48, 34 were screened (urethral swab) for neisseria gonorrhoeae, chylamydia trachomatis, ureaplasma urealyticum, and gardnerella vaginalis. eighteen of the 34 males who had complete screening were found to harbor one or more organisms: 3 had chlamydia ...	1990	2358390
microbiologic efficacy of intravaginal clindamycin cream for the treatment of bacterial vaginosis.	bacterial vaginosis is characterized by replacement of the normal lactobacillus-predominant vaginal flora with gardnerella vaginalis, anaerobic bacteria, and mycoplasma hominis. the present study evaluated the vaginal flora of women with bacterial vaginosis before and after treatment with intravaginal clindamycin cream. sixty-seven nonpregnant women with symptoms and signs of bacterial vaginosis, and without other genital tract infections, were randomly assigned to receive placebo cream or 0.1, ...	1990	2381617
gardnerella vaginalis: isolation and identification.	a total of 26 isolates of gardnerella vaginalis were obtained from 248 patients attending the out patient department of obstetrics and gynaecology at a.i.i.m.s hospital, over a period of one year. the vaginal discharge of these patients was cultured on five different media in order to evaluate the best medium for the growth of g. vaginalis. media containing human blood were found to be the most suitable, human-blood-bilayer medium with tween-80 being the best for the growth of the organism. a to ...	1990	2391146
bacterial vaginosis and trichomoniasis vaginitis are risk factors for cuff cellulitis after abdominal hysterectomy.	to assess the relationship between either bacterial vaginosis or trichomoniasis vaginitis and posthysterectomy infection, preoperative evaluation of the vaginal secretions was performed in 161 women undergoing abdominal hysterectomy. thirty-two patients (19.9%) and 27 patients (16.8%), respectively, met the diagnostic criteria for bacterial vaginosis and trichomoniasis vaginitis. patients with either bacterial vaginosis or trichomoniasis vaginitis were more likely than control subjects to have c ...	1990	2403128
[incidence of gardnerella vaginalis infections in relation to age in a sample of 161 women of the province of teramo].		1990	1711343
chorionic villus sampling: analysis of fetal losses to delivery, placental pathology, and cervical microbiology.	a population of 1639 patients were seen for chorionic villus sampling (cvs). embryonic death was identified at ultrasound in 5.3 per cent of patients. the number of patients undergoing cvs was 1551, with 1416 transcervical procedures and 135 transabdominal procedures. the most common indication for cvs was advanced maternal age. spontaneous pregnancy losses identified by increased risk of pregnancy loss with increasing aspiration attempts. the total fetal loss for this population was 5.4 per cen ...	1991	1722577
[bacterial vaginosis].		1991	1765200
the susceptibility of organisms associated with bacterial vaginosis to spermicidal compounds, in vitro.	bacterial vaginosis (bv) is a prevalent vaginal infection that is now regarded as a risk factor in more serious pelvic and obstetric complications. spermicides are known to have antimicrobial activity against other sexually transmitted diseases and the aim of this study was to test whether the causative organisms of bv were also susceptible to spermicides, in vitro.	1991	1774052
emergency cervical cerclage.	to assess the efficacy of emergency cervical cerclage.	1991	1777455
[age and sex distribution of sexually transmitted diseases in valladolid. a study of 5076 cases].	the age and sex distribution of 5,076 cases of s.t.d. dealt with between 1982 and 1988 at the dermatological dispensary of the territorial social welfare service in valladolid are studied. the maximum frequency of s.t.d. (24.1% of cases) corresponded to the age group between 21 and 25 years, which was also the period for maximum prevalence of neisseria gonorrhoeae (26.3%), gardnerella vaginalis (30.7%), candida albicans (27.4%) and acuminata condyloma (33.4%). syphilis (19.9%), chlamydia trachom ...	1991	1801185
[new bacterial microorganisms in the etiology of human infections. the genus gardnerella].	haemophilus vaginalis first affiliated in the bacterial systems in the genus haemophilus, the corynebacterium due to its morphophysiological characteristics--forms a new genus gardnerella with only one species g. vaginalis. the bacterium is important for man's pathology, as it is responsible for the most numerous vaginitis, considered nonspecific. the paper reports synthetically the present knowledge in biology, pathogenicity, diagnosis and treatment.	1991	1802287
first isolation of gardnerella vaginalis.		1991	1810294
microbiological study of vaginal discharge associated with the use of cut 200.	a microbiological study of the vaginal discharge was conducted on 75 women attending family planning outdoors. in 24 out of 25 symptomatic cut 200 users suffering from non-specific vaginitis, gardnerella vaginalis was isolated from 19 cases (79%). the difference in the recovery rate of gardnerella vaginalis was highly significant between symptomatic cut 200 users and non-users (p less than 0.001) and that between symptomatic and asymptomatic cut 200 users (p less than 0.05). but the difference b ...	1991	1815012
prostaglandin production by amnion and decidual cells in response to bacterial products.	media from bacterial cultures have been tested for actions on prostaglandin biosynthesis by human amnion and decidual cells. the bacterial species, which are commonly associated with intrauterine infections, were group b streptococcus, escherichia coli, fusobacterium nucleatum, bacteroides fragilis, gardnerella vaginalis, neisseria gonorrhea, mycoplasma hominis and ureaplasma urealyticum. overall, low doses of bacterial products were stimulatory of amnion prostaglandin production, whereas high d ...	1991	1857723
antibiosis between bacteria isolated from the vagina of women with and without signs of bacterial vaginosis.	lactobacilli from women with and without bacterial vaginosis (bv) were tested for h2o2 production. thirty-seven (79%) of the 47 strains of lactobacilli isolated from the women without bv produced h2o2, while only nine (23%) of the 39 strains of lactobacilli obtained from women with bv did so. five of 20 h2o2-producing and two of 26 non-producing strains of lactobacillus exhibited antibiosis against four of 12 strains of peptostreptococci and two of 10 strains of mobiluncus spp. none of a further ...	1991	1859646
characterization of gardnerella vaginalis and g. vaginalis-like organisms from the reproductive tract of the mare.	gardnerella vaginalis has been isolated from women with bacterial vaginosis, from the genital tracts of asymptomatic women, and from several other infected body sites in humans. however, until recently, it has not been isolated from any other animal species. between june 1988 and october 1989, 31 isolates identified as g. vaginalis and 70 isolates identified as g. vaginalis-like organisms have been recovered from the genital tracts of 93 mares from michigan and ohio. identification was based on ...	1991	1864934
the comparison of the efficacy among three different nimorazole regimens in the treatment of bacterial vaginosis.	the efficacy of 3 different nimorazole regimens in treating bacterial vaginosis in women was evaluated. the regimens consisted of: nimorazole 2 g single dose (group i), 1 g per day for 3 days (group ii), and 1 g per day for 7 days (group iii) orally. in a simple randomized trial of 90 cases (30 cases in each group) with demonstrated clinical bacterial vaginosis on the presence of 3 of 5 of the following signs: (1) characteristic thin homogenous discharge; (2) vaginal ph greater than 4.5; (3) rel ...	1991	1867581
direct gram's stain of vaginal discharge as a means of diagnosing bacterial vaginosis.	the diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis (bv) by direct gram-stained smear of vaginal discharge was evaluated in 90 consecutive patients. vaginal secretions from 20 healthy female volunteers were also examined. all specimens were examined by culture for growth of gardnerella vaginalis and lactobacillus spp. only 35 (38.9%) of the patients with vaginal discharge satisfied the clinical diagnosis of bv. the vaginal gram-stained smear from all these 35 patients contained typical gardnerella morphotypes ...	1991	1875389
molecular probe for identification of trichomonas vaginalis dna.	trichomoniasis is one of the most widespread sexually transmitted diseases in the world. diagnosis can be achieved by several methods, such as direct microscopic observation of vaginal discharge, cell culture, and immunological techniques. a 2.3-kb trichomonas vaginalis dna fragment present in strains from diverse geographic areas was cloned and used as a probe to detect t. vaginalis dna in vaginal discharge by a dot blot hybridization technique. this probe was specific for t. vaginalis dna. it ...	1991	1890171
the prevalence of gardnerella vaginalis, trichomonas vaginalis and candida albicans in the cytology clinic at ibadan, nigeria.	in a study of 2224 adult women from the cytology clinic of the university college hospital, ibadan, nigeria, the prevalence of 'specific vaginal infection' (i.e. gardnerella vaginalis, trichomonas vaginalis and candida albicans) was 14.5%. for individual organisms, the rates were 9.76% for g. vaginalis, 2.52% for t. vaginalis and 2.20% for c. albicans. about half of the patients were asymptomatic while others were referred from other clinics with vaginal discharge, cervical erosion, post-coital ...	1991	1905467
clinical and microbiologic features of urethritis in men in toulouse, france.	on hundred twenty-six men who attended a hospital microbiology laboratory and 99 men who attended a private laboratory in toulouse, france, for symptoms of urethritis were examined during 1988, for evidence of urethral pathogens. the following incidences were found: neisseria gonorrhoeae: 24 (10.7%); chlamydia trachomatis: 58 (25.8%); ureaplasma urealyticum: 46 (20.4%); gardnerella vaginalis: 21 (9.3%); haemophilus parainfluenzae: 21 (9.3%); streptococcus agalactiae: 15 (6.7%); candida albicans: ...	1991	1907404
protein-kinase-c-independent activation of arachidonate release and prostaglandin e2 formation in macrophages interacting with certain bacteria.	certain bacterial species, of which we selected fusobacterium nucleatum, gardnerella vaginalis, peptostreptococcus anaerobius and propionibacterium acnes, were found to induce release of arachidonic acid in a dose- and time-dependent manner in mouse macrophages. the release of arachidonic acid showed a characteristic lag period of approximately 10 min and was accompanied by selective transformation into prostaglandin e2. bacteria killed by various methods caused a similar response, indicating th ...	1991	1915341
microbiological, epidemiological and clinical correlates of vaginal colonisation by mobiluncus species.	the microbiological and epidemiological correlates of vaginal colonisation by mobiluncus species were examined among randomly selected women attending a sexually transmitted disease (std) clinic. women positive for trichomonas vaginalis were excluded. mobiluncus spp. were detected by gram stained vaginal smear in 21% of 633 std clinic patients, including 53% of those with and 4% of those without bacterial vaginosis (bv), as diagnosed by clinical criteria. gardnerella vaginalis and mycoplasma hom ...	1991	1916772
clinical significance of hyperkeratosis on otherwise normal papanicolaou smears.	although hyperkeratosis is a common cytological finding on papanicolaou smear, its clinical significance is unclear.	1991	1919451
significance of gardnerella vaginalis in a prepubertal female.		1991	1923689
the characterization of gardnerella vaginalis dna using non-radioactive dna probes.	dna restriction profiles of various gardnerella vaginalis isolates, generated by bamhi, ecori, psti and other restriction enzymes, varied considerably. only a few dna fragments were identified as common in ethidium bromide fluorescence profile and southern-blot hybridization patterns (employing a digoxigenin-labelled g. vaginalis dna probe and an enzyme-linked immunoassay detection method). while the efficiencies of southern-blot hybridization appeared inconsistent, in dot-blot assays, dna from ...	1991	1947429
the vaginal ecosystem.	the ecology of vaginal flora is highly susceptible to numerous endogenous and exogenous influences. possible mechanisms that might influence changes in the vaginal flora are microbial antibiosis, adhesion to the vaginal epithelial lining, e.g., availability of receptors, hormonal changes including physiologic alterations, disease states, drug therapy, sexual activity, and to a lesser extent, the immunologic status of the person. the role that these mechanisms may play in promoting vaginitis, vag ...	1991	1951571
the effect of ciprofloxacin and doxycycline plus metronidazole on lower genital tract flora in patients with proven pelvic inflammatory disease.	alterations in the lower genital tract flora were studied during antimicrobial treatment of 36 women with acute pelvic inflammatory disease (pid). sixteen women received ciprofloxacin, and 20 received doxycycline plus metronidazole. both regimes eradicated chlamydia trachomatis in all cases and neisseria gonorrhoeae in all except one in which combination treatment failed because of resistance of the organism to tetracycline. both regimes eradicated mycoplasma hominis in all cases, while ciproflo ...	1991	1953057
[bacterial vaginosis: infectious disease or ecological change].		1991	1954260
survival of gardnerella vaginalis in human urine.	the authors studied the survival of gardnerella vaginalis in human urine and determined conditions for optimum recovery on agar media. gardnerella counts declined by greater than 99.9% in urine held at 37 degrees c for 24 hours, whereas the falloff was negligible at 4 degrees c. viability was lost after 6 hours in urine with ph of 5, and only 0.01% cells survived in urine with ph of 7. in contrast, greater than 90% cells survived exposure at ph of 6. dialysis to remove small molecular weight (le ...	1991	1992615
phospholipase c activity in microorganisms associated with reproductive tract infection.	phospholipase c (lecithinase or phosphatidylcholine phosphorylase) catalyzes the hydrolysis of lecithin into phosphorylcholine and 1,2-diglyceride. bacterial production of phospholipase c may damage reproductive tract tissues by both direct and indirect mechanisms. use of the synthetic substrate p-nitrophenylphosphorylcholine phospholipase c activity was determined in 204 isolates representative of those found in female genital tract. multiple aerobic (28%) and anaerobic (28%) reproductive tract ...	1991	1992722
vaginitis syndromes.		1991	2011666
gardnerella vaginalis bacteremia.		1991	2022105
susceptibility of female pelvic pathogens to oral antibiotic agents in patients who develop postpartum endometritis.	fifteen hundred patients were enrolled in a prospective, randomized study on the effect of antibiotic prophylaxis during cesarean section. two hundred thirty-one patients developed postpartum endometritis, and the isolates obtained from the endometrium were tested for sensitivity to ampicillin, cefuroxime, ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and clindamycin. minimum inhibitory concentrations of 50% and 90% of ampicillin, cefuroxime, and clindamycin were similar to previously reported values; however, slig ...	1991	2031518
prevalence of sexually transmitted pathogens among women attending a methadone clinic in israel.	to assess the prevalence of sexually transmitted pathogens in drug-addicted women in tel aviv, israel.	1991	2032707
pelvic inflammatory disease: guidelines for prevention and management.	this report provides comprehensive guidelines to aid practitioners and decision makers in achieving pid prevention and management objectives. the main focus of this document is pid related to std. these guidelines for the prevention and management of pid were established by staff of cdc in consultation with a group of outside experts. current data regarding the efficacy of prevention strategies and management approaches form the basis for the guidelines. because data are incomplete, however, cer ...	1991	2034205
[cytology of bacterial vaginosis].	bacterial vaginosis seems to be one of the most frequent cause of vaginal diseases which may be ascending and separates a not aesthetical discharge. a ph greater than 4.5 is found, the presence of clue cells, and a positive sniff test referring to mobiluncus. the main microorganisms causing bacterial vaginosis are gardnerella vaginalis and mobiluncus sp. these are anaerobic ones. cytology is able to give a quick and sure diagnosis.	1991	2038920
[the value of gardnerella-vaginalis-culture in bacterial-vaginitis- score-confirmed bacterial vaginosis].	the relative value of a semiquantitative gardnerella vaginalis culture for the diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis (bv) was studied in 113 women attending a std clinic. the standard diagnosis of bv was based on the bv score, which is a 10-point grading system to evaluate gram-stained vaginal samples objectively and reproducibly. the sensitivity of g. vaginalis culture for the diagnosis of bv was 28%, while the specificity was 89%. the positive and the negative predictive values were 50% and 76% for ...	1991	2055765
vaginal infection and preterm labour.	to study the vaginal flora of women in preterm labour (ptl) and determine whether the presence of specific vaginal microflora is significantly associated with onset of ptl.	1991	2059587
reliability of diagnosing bacterial vaginosis is improved by a standardized method of gram stain interpretation.	the purpose of the study was to examine intercenter variability in the interpretation of gram-stained vaginal smears from pregnant women. the intercenter reliability of individual morphotypes identified on the vaginal smear was evaluated by comparing them with those obtained at a standard center. a new scoring system that uses the most reliable morphotypes from the vaginal smear was proposed for diagnosing bacterial vaginosis. this scoring system was compared with the spiegel criteria for diagno ...	1991	1706728
voltage-dependent cationic channels formed by a cytolytic toxin produced by gardnerella vaginalis.	a cytolytic toxin produced by g. vaginalis was incorporated in artificial membranes and giant liposomes. the toxin formed ionic channels when incorporated in lipid bilayers. the electrical properties of such channels were studied. current records revealed a unitary conductance of 126 ps (in symmetrical 150 mm kcl). the open state probability of the cytolysin formed channels was a function of the applied membrane potential. the permeability ratio of cations to anions was estimated to be 6.5.	1991	1710581
control of the microbial flora of the vagina by h2o2-generating lactobacilli.	h2o2-generating lactobacilli (lb+) are present in the vagina of most normal women but are absent from most women with bacterial vaginosis (bv). lb+ at high concentration was toxic to gardnerella vaginalis (the predominant organism in the vagina of women with bv); when the lb+ was lowered to a level where it was ineffective alone, the addition of myeloperoxidase and chloride reinstituted toxicity. toxicity was inhibited by catalase and was not seen when h2o2-negative lactobacilli were used, impli ...	1991	1647428
the in-vitro activity of temafloxacin compared with other antimicrobial agents.	temafloxacin, like other 4-quinolones, was highly active against most isolates of enterobacteriaceae. it was slightly less active than ciprofloxacin but approximately as active as ofloxacin and enoxacin. it was the most active of the quinolones against acinetobacter spp. and xanthomonas maltophilia but was slightly less active than ciprofloxacin against pseudomonas spp. temafloxacin was highly active against haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis and neisseria gonorrhoeae and was the most ...	1991	1657855
nonoxynol-9: differential antibacterial activity and enhancement of bacterial adherence to vaginal epithelial cells.	the antibacterial activity and adherence-enhancing effects of nonoxynol-9 were evaluated against vaginal and uropathogenic bacteria. nonoxynol-9 was markedly less active against the 43 uropathogenic bacterial and yeast strains tested (mic90, greater than 32%) than against the 26 gardnerella vaginalis strains (mic90, less than or equal to 0.015%) and the 53 lactobacillus strains (mic90, 8%) tested. hydrogen peroxide-producing strains of lactobacillus were more susceptible to nonoxynol-9 (mic90, 4 ...	1991	1659602
a comparison of the in-vitro activity of clarithromycin, a new macrolide antibiotic, with erythromycin and other oral agents.	on the basis of minimum inhibitory concentrations clarithromycin (6-o-methylerythromycin), a new macrolide, was found to be slightly more active than erythromycin against staphylococcus aureus, enterococci. moraxella catarrhalis, gardnerella vaginalis, bacteroides fragilis (sensu stricto) and b. ureolyticus and slightly less active against coagulase-negative staphylococci, alpha- and beta-haemolytic streptococci, haemophilus influenzae, campylobacter coli/jejuni and the b. melaninogenicus/oralis ...	1991	1684981
microbiological diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis.		1992	1282150
the cervical papanicolaou smear: bacterial infection and the bethesda system.		1992	1282151
[the use of the direct method for the diagnosis of gardnerella vaginalis vaginitis].	a study was carried out on 200 patients divided in two groups of 100, labeled 1 and 2. they underwent vaginal secretion tests by the direct method in order to assess its appropriateness for gardnerella vaginalis presumptive diagnosis. this study was related with patients' symptoms, such as leukorrhea and fetidity prevailing in group 1 and lower abdomen pain prevailing in group 2, as well as the proportions of germs isolated and the association with this symptom for defining the microorganism rol ...	1992	1295010