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pre-infection of pigs with mycoplasma hyopneumoniae modifies outcomes of infection with european swine influenza virus of h1n1, but not h1n2, subtype.swine influenza virus (siv) and mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (mhp) are widespread in farms and are major pathogens involved in the porcine respiratory disease complex (prdc). the aim of this experiment was to compare the pathogenicity of european avian-like swine h1n1 and european human-like reassortant swine h1n2 viruses in naïve pigs and in pigs previously infected with mhp. six groups of spf pigs were inoculated intra-tracheally with either mhp, or h1n1, or h1n2 or mhp+h1n1 or mhp+h1n2, both path ...201122261237
infectious agents associated with respiratory diseases in 125 farrow-to-finish pig herds: a cross-sectional study.a study was carried out in 125 farrow-to-finish pig herds to assess the relationships between pathogens involved in respiratory disorders and to relate these findings to clinical signs of respiratory diseases and pneumonia and pleuritis at slaughter. clinical examination and sampling were carried out on four different batches in each herd (pigs aged 4, 10, 16 and 22 weeks). mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, swine influenza viruses (siv), porcine reproductive and respirat ...201122226820
Survey of pleuritis and pulmonary lesions in pigs at abattoir with a focus on the extent of the condition and herd risk factors.Cranioventral pulmonary consolidation (enzootic pneumonia-like lesions) and chronic pleuritis (CP) are common findings in slaughtered pigs. Pleural lesions involving dorsocaudal lobes are suggestive of pleuropneumonia due to Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. In this report the results of an abattoir survey of pleuritis and pulmonary lesions in pigs is presented with a focus on herd risk factors. A total of 4889 animals, ranging in age from 9 to 10months, from 48 batches of pigs belonging to an eq ...201122182431
[immunogenicity of attenuated salmonella choleraesuis vaccine strain expressing immunogenic genes of mycoplasma hyopneumoniae in mice].the study was carried out to construct and characterize salmonella choleraesuis vaccine strain expressing immunogenic genes of mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and to test its immunogenicity in mice.201122126084
Structure-based functional inference of hypothetical proteins from Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae.Enzootic pneumonia caused by Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae is a major constraint to efficient pork production throughout the world. This pathogen has a small genome with 716 coding sequences, of which 418 are homologous to proteins with known functions. However, almost 42% of the 716 coding sequences are annotated as hypothetical proteins. Alternative methodologies such as threading and comparative modeling can be used to predict structures and functions of such hypothetical proteins. Often, these al ...201121870198
Polymicrobial respiratory disease in pigs.Respiratory disease in pigs is common in modern pork production worldwide and is often referred to as porcine respiratory disease complex (PRDC). PRDC is polymicrobial in nature, and results from infection with various combinations of primary and secondary respiratory pathogens. As a true multifactorial disease, environmental conditions, population size, management strategies and pig-specific factors such as age and genetics also play critical roles in the outcome of PRDC. While non-infectious f ...201122152290
Exploratory study on the influence of climatological parameters on Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infection dynamics.The objective of the present work was to elucidate the potential relationship between Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infection and seroconversion dynamics and climatological conditions in four groups of pigs from the same farm born in different seasons of the year. Nasal swabs and blood samples were taken from 184 pigs at 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 22 and 25 (slaughter age) weeks of age. Outside climatologic parameters, including temperature (°C), relative humidity (%), precipitation (l/m(2)) and wind sp ...201121904808
A Microarray Biosensor for Multiplexed Detection of Microbes Using Grating-Coupled Surface Plasmon Resonance Imaging.Grating-coupled surface plasmon resonance imaging (GCSPRI) utilizes an optical diffraction grating embossed on a gold-coated sensor chip to couple collimated incident light into surface plasmons. The angle at which this coupling occurs is sensitive to the capture of analyte at the chip surface. This approach permits the use of disposable biosensor chips that can be mass-produced at low cost and spotted in microarray format to greatly increase multiplexing capabilities. The current GCSPRI instrum ...201122029256
Production and characterization of recombinant transmembrane proteins from Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae.Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae is the etiological agent of swine enzootic pneumonia (EP), a chronic respiratory disease which causes significant economic losses to the swine industry worldwide. More efficient strategies for controlling this disease are necessary. In this study, we cloned17 genes coding for transmembrane proteins from M. hyopneumoniae, among which six were successfully expressed in Escherichia coli and had their immunogenic and antigenic properties evaluated. All proteins were immunoge ...201121890287
a longitudinal study of the diversity and dynamics of mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infections in pig herds.a longitudinal study was carried out to investigate the diversity and persistence of mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (m. hyopneumoniae) strains in four infected pig herds. in each herd, 20 pigs were randomly selected and blood and/or bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) fluid was collected at 6, 10, 14 and 26 weeks of age. in the bal fluid, quantitative pcr and mlva (multiple-locus variable number of tandem repeats (vntr) analysis) testing were performed for detection and typing of m. hyopneumoniae strains, re ...201122138620
the effect of vaccination on the transmission of mycoplasma hyopneumoniae in pigs under field conditions.this study investigated the effect of vaccination against mycoplasma hyopneumoniae on its transmission in nursery pigs under field conditions. seventy-two pigs were randomly allocated at weaning into vaccinated (v) and non-vaccinated (nv) groups. animals in the v group were vaccinated at 3 weeks of age with a commercial m. hyopneumoniae bacterin vaccine. broncho-alveolar lavage fluid taken at weaning and at the end of the nursery period was assessed for the presence of m. hyopneumoniae by nested ...201120605734
eradication of mycoplasma hyopneumoniae from a swine finishing herd without total depopulation.using vaccination and medication, mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (mhyo) was eradicated from a finishing herd without total depopulation. altogether 3243 feeder pigs originating from mhyo-free herds were vaccinated once using an inactivated, adjuvanted vaccine before transporting them to a mhyo-infected finishing herd. the mhyo-infected groups of pigs were medicated with antimicrobial agents at the time of the arrival of the first groups of mhyo-free, vaccinated feeder pigs. the groups were operated wi ...201120299256
vaccinating pigs against mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infection: failure to prevent transmission. 201120580293
a cross-sectional study of risk factors associated with pulmonary lesions in pigs at slaughter.a cross-sectional study was conducted to identify herd-level factors that may influence the prevalence and severity of macroscopically visible pulmonary lesions in pigs at slaughter. data were collected following abattoir inspection of 50 randomly-selected batches of 6335 pigs and by interviewing the producers. macroscopic lung lesions were identified and scored semi-quantitatively in ≥ 80 pigs/herd and the prevalence of pleuritis and pneumonia was 20.76% and 23.85%, respectively. following mult ...201120122861
half-life of porcine antibodies absorbed from a colostrum supplement containing porcine immunoglobulins.absorption of immunoglobulins (ig) at birth from colostrum is essential for piglet survival. the objective was to evaluate the half-life of antibodies absorbed in the bloodstream of newborn piglets orally fed a colostrum supplement (cs) containing energy (fat and carbohydrates) and igg from porcine plasma. viable piglets (n = 23; 900 to 1,800 g bw) from 6 sows were colostrum deprived and blood sampled and within the next 2 h of life randomly allocated to either control group (n = 9) providing 30 ...201223365363
pre-infection of pigs with mycoplasma hyopneumoniae induces oxidative stress that influences outcomes of a subsequent infection with a swine influenza virus of h1n1 subtype.the severity of swine influenza is highly variable and can be exacerbated by many factors, such as a pre-infection of pigs with mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (mhp). the aim of this study was to investigate the oxidative stress induced by mhp and the impact of this stress on the evolution of an infection with the european avian-like swine h1n1 influenza virus. two experimental trials (e1 and e2), which differed only by the feed delivered to the animals, were conducted on spf pigs. in each trial, one g ...201223266108
effect of challenge of pigs previously immunised with inactivated vaccines containing homologous and heterologous mycoplasma hyopneumoniae strains.abstract: background: mycoplasma hyopneumoniae is the primary cause of enzootic pneumonia in pigs. although vaccination is an important control tool, the results observed under field conditions are variable. this may be due to antigenic differences between the strains circulating in pig herds and the vaccine strain. this study compared the protective efficacy of four bacterins against challenge infection with a highly virulent field strain of m. hyopneumoniae. seventy eight, one-week old pigle ...201222225838
unveiling mycoplasma hyopneumoniae promoters: sequence definition and genomic distribution.several mycoplasma species have had their genome completely sequenced, including four strains of the swine pathogen mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. nevertheless, little is known about the nucleotide sequences that control transcriptional initiation in these microorganisms. therefore, with the objective of investigating the promoter sequences of m. hyopneumoniae, 23 transcriptional start sites (tsss) of distinct genes were mapped. a pattern that resembles the σ(70) promoter -10 element was found upstre ...201222334569
Comparison of detection procedures of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, Mycoplasma hyosynoviae, and Mycoplasma hyorhinis in lungs, tonsils, and synovial fluid of slaughtered pigs and their distributions in Thailand.The aim of this study was to investigate whether direct PCR (DP) gave similar results to culture prior to PCR (CPP) for detecting mycoplasmas in different types of pig tissues. A total of 724 samples obtained from lungs, tonsils, or synovial fluids from 270 slaughtered pigs were used. The history of clinical signs, lung score, and the presence of joint lesions were recorded during sample collection. The rates of detection of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, Mycoplasma hyosynoviae, and Mycoplasma hyorhi ...201222116666
Mhp182 (P102) binds fibronectin and contributes to the recruitment of plasmin(ogen) to the Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae cell surface.Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae is a major, economically damaging respiratory pathogen. Although M. hyopneumoniae cells bind plasminogen, the identification of plasminogen-binding surface proteins and the biological ramifications of acquiring plasminogen requires further investigation. mhp182 encodes a highly expressed 102 kDa protein (P102) that undergoes proteolytic processing to generate surface-located N-terminal 60 kDa (P60) and C-terminal 42 kDa (P42) proteins of unknown function. We show that re ...201221951786
evaluation of clinical, histological and immunological changes and qpcr detection of mycoplasma hyopneumoniae in tissues during the early stages of mycoplasmal pneumonia in pigs after experimental challenge with two field isolates.differences in mycoplasma hyopneumoniae strain virulence and infection patterns will affect experimental challenge systems used to evaluate vaccine efficacy. two strains (hillcrest and beaufort) were assessed by experimental pig challenge for their ability to induce clinical and pathological lesions and cytokine responses. tracheobronchial lavage fluid (tblf) was collected before and 17-18 days after challenge with hillcrest (n=8), beaufort (n=8) or no organisms (n=3). coughing was assessed twic ...201222863144
effects of diet source and vaccination for porcine circovirustype 2 and mycoplasma hyopneumoniae on nursery pig performance.two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of nursery diet sources, porcine circovirustype 2 (pcv2) and mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (m. hyo) vaccines, and vaccination timing on pig (sus scrofa) performance. in exp. 1, a total of 400 pigs (5.6 bw, 1.03 kg sd) were used in a 20-d study. treatments were arranged in a 4 × 2 factorial in a blocked design (5 pigs/pen and10 pens/treatment), with main effects of diet manufacturing source (a, b, c, or d) and vaccination timing (d 0 or 8). on eith ...201222665636
detection of mycoplasma hyopneumoniae in nasal swabs sampled from pig farmers. 201222645154
efficacy of florfenicol injection in the treatment of mycoplasma hyopneumoniae induced respiratory disease in pigs.this study investigated the efficacy of a single intramuscular injection of a new formulation of florfenicol to treat clinical respiratory disease following experimental mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infection. m. hyopneumoniae-free piglets were allocated to three groups, namely, a treatment group (tg) and a positive control group (pcg), which were both inoculated endotracheally with a highly virulent isolate of m. hyopneumoniae, and a negative control group. at the onset of clinical disease, the tg ...201222609150
simultaneous porcine circovirus type 2 and mycoplasma hyopneumoniae co-inoculation does not potentiate disease in conventional pigs.the aim of this study was to assess the effect of simultaneous experimental inoculation of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2; intranasal delivery) and mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (mhyo; transtracheal delivery) into conventional, seropositive 6-week-old piglets. thirty-six male piglets were assigned randomly to four groups: control (n=6), pcv2 (n=6), mhyo (n=12) and pcv2+mhyo (n=12). blood samples and faecal and nasal swabs were collected at 0, 7, 14 and 21 days post inoculation (dpi). no significant ...201222522076
characterization of cleavage events in the multifunctional cilium adhesin mhp684 (p146) reveals a mechanism by which mycoplasma hyopneumoniae regulates surface topography.mycoplasma hyopneumoniae causes enormous economic losses to swine production worldwide by colonizing the ciliated epithelium in the porcine respiratory tract, resulting in widespread damage to the mucociliary escalator, prolonged inflammation, reduced weight gain, and secondary infections. protein mhp684 (p146) comprises 1,317 amino acids, and while the n-terminal 400 residues display significant sequence identity to the archetype cilium adhesin p97, the remainder of the molecule is novel and di ...201222493032
vaccination reduces macrophage infiltration in bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue in pigs infected with a highly virulent mycoplasma hyopneumoniae strain.mycoplasma hyopneumoniae is the causative agent of enzootic pneumonia and is responsible for significant economic losses to the pig industry. to better understand the mode of action of a commercial, adjuvanted, inactivated whole cell vaccine and the influence of diversity on the efficacy of vaccination, we investigated samples from vaccinated and non-vaccinated pigs experimentally infected with either a low (lv) or a highly virulent (hv) m. hyopneumoniae strain. non-vaccinated and sham-infected ...201222409839
longitudinal assessment of two mycoplasma hyopneumoniae enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays in challenged and contact-exposed pigs.the objective of the current study was to compare the sensitivity of 2 mycoplasma hyopneumoniae enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisas) in experimentally challenged and contact-exposed pigs in a long-term longitudinal assessment. on day 0 of the assessment, twelve 2-month-old m. hyopneumoniae-negative pigs were inoculated with m. hyopneumoniae strain 232 (group a). twelve negative pigs were placed alongside the inoculated pigs, allowing direct contact exposure (group b). a third group of 12 ...201222379055
value of the clinical examination in diagnosing enzootic pneumonia in fattening pigs.the diagnosis of enzootic pneumonia at the herd level should be based on a combination of different methods. currently, clinical examination is usually considered to be a low value method, particularly compared to the direct detection of mycoplasma hyopneumoniae in lung lesions by pcr. the present study compared the value of accurate clinical examination (including the quantitation of coughing), pcr on bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and serological testing of blood samples for the purpose of diag ...201222342214
co-administration of attenuated mycoplasma hyopneumoniae 168 strain with bacterial dna enhances the local and systemic immune response after intranasal vaccination in pigs.mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, the primary pathogen of enzootic pneumonia, occurs worldwide and causes major economic losses to the pig industry. m. hyopneumoniae infects pigs at mucosal surfaces of respiratory tract. the aim of the present study was to investigate if the protection rate against m. hyopneumoniae infection following intranasal immunization with attenuated m. hyopneumoniae 168 strain is improved by administration of bacterial dna containing cpg motifs. thirty pigs were immunized intran ...201222266290
clinical evaluation of intradermal vaccination against porcine enzootic pneumonia (mycoplasma hyopneumoniae).the aim of the present study was to investigate the efficacy of single-dose intradermal vaccination against mycoplasma hyopneumoniae on a commercial swine unit. a total of 1051 healthy suckling piglets of 28±3 days of age were randomly assigned to one of three experimental groups: (a) intradermal: 346 piglets vaccinated intradermally (porcilis m hyo id once, intervet spah), (b) intramuscular : 351 piglets vaccinated intramuscularly (porcilis m1 intervet spah) and (c) controls: 354 piglets inject ...201222262700
mycoplasma hyopneumoniae surface proteins mhp385 and mhp384 bind host cilia and glycosaminoglycans and are endoproteolytically processed by proteases that recognize different cleavage motifs.p97 and p102 paralogues occur as endoproteolytic cleavage fragments on the surface of mycoplasma hyopneumoniae that bind glycosaminoglycans, plasminogen, and fibronectin and perform essential roles in colonization of ciliated epithelia. we show that the p102 paralogue mhp384 is efficiently cleaved at an s/t-x-f↓x-d/e-like site, creating p60(384) and p50(384). the p97 paralogue mhp385 is inefficiently cleaved, with tryptic peptides from a 115 kda protein (p115(385)) and 88 kda (p88(385)) and 27 k ...201222229926
evaluation of serovar-independent elisa antigens of actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae in pigs, following experimental challenge with a. pleuropneumoniae, mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and pasteurella multocida.to compare the sensitivity and specificity of six serological enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisas) based on serovar-independent antigens of actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (app) and investigate cross-reactivity in disease-free pigs challenged with mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and pasteurella multocida.201222632286
5-lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase-2 in the lungs of pigs naturally affected by enzootic pneumonia and porcine pleuropneumonia.enzootic pneumonia by mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and pleuropneumonia by actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae are among the most common and economically relevant pulmonary diseases in swine herds. we herein investigated the activity and expression of 5-lipoxygenase (5-lox) and cyclooxygenase-2 (cox-2) in healthy and diseased porcine lungs, by means of immunohistochemical, immunochemical and biochemical assays. diseased lungs showed a significantly higher activity and expression of 5-lox and cox-2 in a w ...201222341869
prevalence of and risk factors associated with viral and bacterial pathogens in farmed european wild boar.the aim of this study was to estimate in farmed european wild boars the prevalence of and risk factors associated with a range of common porcine viral and bacterial infections, namely, porcine parvovirus (ppv), porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2), swine influenza virus (siv), aujeszky's disease virus (adv), classical swine fever virus (csfv), swine vesicular disease virus (svdv), coronavirus causing transmissible gastroenteritis (tgev), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv), m ...201222516920
immunostimulatory effects of recombinant erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae expressing porcine interleukin-18 in mice and pigs.interleukin-18 (il-18), which was originally called gamma interferon (ifn-γ)-inducing factor, has been shown to play an important role in innate and acquired immune responses. in this study, attenuated erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae strains were engineered to produce porcine il-18 (poil-18) and evaluated for their potential immunostimulatory effect in animals. recombinant poil-18 was successfully expressed in the recombinant e. rhusiopathiae strains ys-1/il-18 and ko/il-18. the culture supernatant ...201222761300
immunological characterization of mycoplasma hyopneumoniae recombinant proteins.mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, the primary pathogen of enzootic pneumonia, is highly prevalent worldwide and causes major economic losses to the pig industry. commercial vaccines are widely used in the control of this disease, however, they provide only partial protection. the aim of this study was to evaluate 34 recombinant proteins of m. hyopneumoniae expressed in escherichia coli. antigenic and immunogenic properties of these proteins were analyzed. for this, the proteins were tested against hyper ...201222304900
infectious risk factors for individual postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) development in pigs from affected farms in spain and denmark.two prospective longitudinal studies in 13 postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws)-affected farms from spain (n=3) and denmark (n=10) were performed. blood samples from pigs were longitudinally collected from 1st week until the occurrence of the pmws outbreak. wasted and healthy age-matched pigs were euthanized, necropsied and histopathologically characterised. pmws diagnosis was confirmed by means of lymphoid lesions and detection of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) in these tissues b ...201222884005
seroprevalence of lawsonia intracellularis, mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and pcv2 in commercial pig farms in russia. 201222791518
immunisation of mice with mycoplasma hyopneumoniae antigens p37, p42, p46 and p95 delivered as recombinant subunit or dna vaccines.porcine enzootic pneumonia (pep), which is caused by the fastidious bacterium mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, is one of the most economically important diseases in the pig industry worldwide. commercial bacterins provide only partial protection; therefore, the development of more efficient vaccines against pep is necessary. in this study, the cellular and humoral immune responses elicited by dna and recombinant subunit vaccines based on the p37, p42, p46 and p95 antigens of m. hyopneumoniae were evalu ...201223137841
vaccination of piglets at 1 week of age with an inactivated mycoplasma hyopneumoniae vaccine reduces lung lesions and improves average daily gain in body weight.the field efficacy and safety of a single-dose inactivated mycoplasma hyopneumoniae vaccine, suvaxyn mh-one, was evaluated in 4-5-day-old piglets on a commercial farm with a history of mycoplasma disease in southern germany. the piglets were injected intramuscularly with the vaccine or saline (control group) and raised under commercial conditions to slaughter weight. the efficacy of the vaccine was determined by comparing the lung lesions associated with infection by m. hyopneumoniae in control ...201223084853
comparison of cell-mediated immunity induced by three commercial single-dose mycoplasma hyopneumoniae bacterins in pigs.this study was to compare the degree of cell-mediated immunity induced by three commercial mycoplasma hyopneumoniae bacterins using interferon-γ (ifn-γ) measurements, lymphocyte stimulation assays and delayed-type hypersensitivity tests. serum ifn-γ levels were significantly elevated in all four vaccinated pig groups at 21 days post-vaccination (p<0.05). lymphocytes isolated 21 days post-vaccination exhibited significantly more proliferation in response to m. hyopneumoniae than lymphocytes isola ...201323059842
efficacy of in-feed medication with chlortetracycline in a farrow-to-finish herd against a clinical outbreak of respiratory disease in fattening pigs.the efficacy of chlortetracycline (ctc) in-feed medication to treat pigs with clinical respiratory disease was investigated in a farrow-to-finish pig herd infected with mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, and with clinical respiratory disease in growing pigs. in total, 533 pigs were included. the animals were vaccinated against m hyopneumoniae and porcine circovirus type 2 at weaning. at onset of clinical respiratory disease, they were randomly allocated to one of the following treatment groups: chlortetr ...201323136309
loop-mediated isothermal amplification for rapid and convenient detection of mycoplasma hyopneumoniae.loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp), a novel method of gene amplification, was employed in this study for detecting mycoplasma hyopneumoniae in the respiratory tract or lungs of swine. the pathogen can be detected in lamp reactions containing as few as 10 fg purified target dna (10 copies of m. hyopneumoniae genome) within 30 min, which was comparable to real-time pcr. after 30-min reaction at 63 °c, the addition of a certain amount of dye (sybr green i and hydroxyl naphthol blue at a ...201323184577
quantitative assessment of bronchiolar smooth muscle in healthy and diseased porcine lungs.smooth muscle cells are major components of bronchiolar wall. bronchiolar smooth muscle is reported to increase in some veterinary pulmonary disorders, but such assumption is not supported by detailed morphometric analyses. the present investigation aimed at quantitatively evaluating bronchiolar smooth muscle in healthy and diseased pig lungs. our results suggest that bronchiolar smooth muscle cells significantly modify in size and number under different disease conditions, namely parasitic bron ...201323151463
transposon mutagenesis in mycoplasma hyopneumoniae using a novel mariner-based system for generating random mutations.mycoplasma hyopneumoniae is the cause of enzootic pneumonia in pigs, a chronic respiratory disease associated with significant economic losses to swine producers worldwide. the molecular pathogenesis of infection is poorly understood due to the lack of genetic tools to allow manipulation of the organism and more generally for the mycoplasma genus. the objective of this study was to develop a system for generating random transposon insertion mutants in m. hyopneumoniae that could prove a powerful ...201324359443
p159 from mycoplasma hyopneumoniae binds porcine cilia and heparin and is cleaved in a manner akin to ectodomain shedding.mycoplasma hyopneumoniae colonizes the ciliated epithelial lining of the upper respiratory tract of swine and results in chronic infection. previously, we have observed that members of p97 and p102 paralog families of cilium adhesins undergo endoproteolytic processing on the surface of m. hyopneumoniae. we show that p159 (mhj_0494), an epithelial cell adhesin unrelated to p97 and p102 paralog families, is a cilium adhesin that undergoes dominant cleavage events at s/t-x-f↓x-d/e-like motifs locat ...201324195521
[field trial on the simultaneous vaccination against porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) and mycoplasma hyopneumoniae].the objective of the present study was to investigate whether a combined or concurrent application of two vaccines against mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (m. hyo.) and porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) in suckling piglets can be as effective as the single use of both products.201324126996
vaccination inhibits tlr2 transcription via suppression of gr nuclear translocation and binding to tlr2 promoter in porcine lung infected with mycoplasma hyopneumoniae.toll-like receptors (tlrs) and glucocorticoid receptor (gr) act respectively as effectors of innate immune and stress responses. the crosstalk between them is critical for the maintenance of homeostasis during the immune response. vaccination is known to boost adaptive immunity, yet it remains elusive whether vaccination may affect gr/tlr interactions following infection. duroc×meishan crossbred piglets were allocated to three groups. the control group (cc) received neither vaccination nor infec ...201324035265
development and validation of an attenuated mycoplasma hyopneumoniae aerosol vaccine.mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (m. hyopneumoniae) causes a chronic respiratory disease with high morbidity and low mortality in swine, and has been presented as a major cause of growth retardation in the swine industry. aerosol vaccination presents a needle free, high throughput, and efficient platform for vaccine delivery, and has been widely applied in poultry vaccination. however, aerosol vaccines have rarely been used in swine vaccination primarily because the long and curving respiratory track of ...201324035264
molecular characterization of the heat shock protein 70 gene in mycoplasma ovipneumoniae.mycoplasma ovipneumoniae is a species of mycoplasma bacteria that commonly infects the respiratory tract, causing respiratory disease in sheep and goats worldwide. in the current study, the 70-kda heat shock protein (hsp70) gene was cloned, sequenced and analyzed in 14 clinical isolates of m. ovipneumoniae. results showed that, compared to the reference y98 strain, the open-reading frames (orfs) of hsp70 gene in all isolates were 1818 base pairs (bp). three nucleotides of tca were inserted at 1, ...201324011586
breed-linked polymorphisms of porcine toll-like receptor 2 (tlr2) and tlr4 and the primary investigation on their relationship with prevention against mycoplasma pneumoniae and bacterial lps challenge.toll-like receptors (tlrs) play a crucial role in innate immunity, serving as pattern-recognition receptors and the first barrier in host defense against microbial infections. genetic variations of tlr2 and tlr4 are closely associated with a variety of infectious diseases, particularly lung diseases. in this study, we detected six and four single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) in the coding sequences of porcine tlr2 and tlr4 genes, respectively. only snp 1027c>a of tlr4 was shown to be markedly ...201323974322
mycoplasma hyopneumoniae-derived lipid-associated membrane proteins induce apoptosis in porcine alveolar macrophage via increasing nitric oxide production, oxidative stress, and caspase-3 activation.mycoplasma hyopneumoniae is the primary etiological agent of enzootic pneumonia in swine. lipid-associated membrane proteins (lamp) of mycoplasma are the main pathogenicity factors in mycoplasma diseases. in this study, we investigated the effects of m. hyopneumoniae lamp on porcine alveolar macrophage (pam) 3d4/21 cell line. apoptotic features, such as chromatin condensation and apoptotic bodies, were observed in lamp-treated pam 3d4/21 cells. moreover, lamp significantly increased the number o ...201323928261
development of a self-replicating plasmid system for mycoplasma hyopneumoniae.mycoplasma hyopneumoniae is a prevalent swine respiratory pathogen that is a major cause of economic loss to pig producers. control is achieved by a combination of antimicrobials, vaccination and management practices, but current vaccines offer only partial control and there is a need for improved preventative strategies. a major barrier to advances in understanding the pathogenesis of m. hyopneumoniae and in developing new vaccines is the lack of tools to genetically manipulate the organism. we ...201323895236
association of concurrent porcine circovirus (pcv) 2a and 2b infection with pcv associated disease in vaccinated pigs.investigations were performed to characterize porcine circovirus (pcv) 2 infection in 10 week old pigs from a case of apparent vaccine failure. thirty serum samples were collected from affected or non-affected pigs and tested for anti-pcv2 antibodies and pcv2 dna. to address potential pcv2 vaccine compliance issues, samples were tested for antibodies against baculovirus and mycoplasma hyopneumoniae antigens present in the pcv2 vaccine utilized in this herd. both pcv2a and pcv2b dna were detected ...201323829995
a study to assess the compatibility of simultaneous use of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (eu-type) vaccine and mycoplasma hyopneumoniae vaccine under field conditions.vaccines against m. hyopneumoniae and prrsv are often administered at the same time. the administration of the two vaccines mixed in one syringe (simultaneous use) would save labour and increase animal welfare by reducing the number of injections. the aim of this study was to verify under field conditions, if the simultaneous administration of the two vaccines, would be comparable to the administration of the individual vaccines. 1000 piglets were divided into five groups and were either non vac ...201323758032
individual risk factors for mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infections in suckling pigs at the age of weaning.in recent years, the occurrence and the relevance of mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infections in suckling pigs has been examined in several studies. whereas most of these studies were focused on sole prevalence estimation within different age groups, follow-up of infected piglets or assessment of pathological findings, none of the studies included a detailed analysis of individual and environmental risk factors. therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the frequency of m. hyopneumon ...201323731650
mycoplasma hyopneumoniae: from disease to vaccine development.mycoplasma hyopneumoniae is the etiological agent of swine enzootic pneumonia (ep), a disease that affects swine production worldwide. vaccination is the most cost-effective strategy for the control and prevention of the disease. despite efforts to control m. hyopneumoniae infection, significant economic losses in pig production continue to occur. the results of genome-based research have the potential to help understand the biology and pathogenesis of m. hyopneumoniae, and contribute to the dev ...201323680109
putative drug and vaccine target protein identification using comparative genomic analysis of kegg annotated metabolic pathways of mycoplasma hyopneumoniae.in the present study, a computational comparative and subtractive genomic/proteomic analysis aimed at the identification of putative therapeutic target and vaccine candidate proteins from kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (kegg) annotated metabolic pathways of mycoplasma hyopneumoniae was performed for drug design and vaccine production pipelines against m.hyopneumoniae. the employed comparative genomic and metabolic pathway analysis with a predefined computational systemic workflow extrac ...201323628646
immunological characterization of peripheral blood leukocytes using vaccine for mycoplasmal pneumonia of swine (mps) in swine line selected for resistance to mps.this study was conducted to evaluate immunological changes in peripheral blood leukocytes in pigs that were genetically selected for their improved resistance to mycoplasmal pneumonia of swine (mps), using mps vaccine as an antigen. twelve castrated mps-selected landrace pigs were compared with the same number of pigs from a nonselected line by using a time-course analysis at the hematological level. after the second sensitization with mps vaccine, the percentages of b cells, cd4(+) t cells, and ...201323607374
mhj_0125 is an m42 glutamyl aminopeptidase that moonlights as a multifunctional adhesin on the surface of mycoplasma hyopneumoniae.bacterial aminopeptidases play important roles in pathogenesis by providing a source of amino acids from exogenous proteins, destroying host immunological effector peptides and executing posttranslational modification of bacterial and host proteins. we show that mhj_0125 from the swine respiratory pathogen mycoplasma hyopneumoniae represents a new member of the m42 class of bacterial aminopeptidases. despite lacking a recognizable signal sequence, mhj_0125 is detectable on the cell surface by fl ...201323594879
herd specific risk factors for mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infections in suckling pigs at the age of weaning.mycoplasma hyopneumoniae is the etiologic agent of enzootic pneumonia mainly occurring in fattening pigs. it is assumed that horizontal transmission of the pathogen during nursery and growing phase starts with few suckling pigs vertically infected by the sow. the aim of the present study was the exploration of the herd prevalence of m. hyopneumoniae infections in suckling pigs followed by an investigation of various herd specific factors for their potential of influencing the occurrence of this ...201323587271
in vitro susceptibility of mycoplasma hyopneumoniae field isolates and occurrence of fluoroquinolone, macrolides and lincomycin resistance.a total of 159 thai isolates of mycoplasma hyopneumoniae isolated from pneumonic lungs of pigs during 2006-2011 were investigated for their in vitro susceptibility to 12 antimicrobial agents. low activity of chlortetracycline was indicated by the mic range from 3.12-100 μg/ml and mic90 of 50 μg/ml. seventy-six isolates showed resistance to enrofloxacin, whereas 2 isolates showed resistance to macrolides and lincomycin. in addition, a point mutation at a2058g was revealed by sequence analysis of ...201323503167
new insights on the biology of swine respiratory tract mycoplasmas from a comparative genome analysis.mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, mycoplasma flocculare and mycoplasma hyorhinis live in swine respiratory tracts. m. flocculare, a commensal bacterium, is genetically closely related to m. hyopneumoniae, the causative agent of enzootic porcine pneumonia. m. hyorhinis is also pathogenic, causing polyserositis and arthritis. in this work, we present the genome sequences of m. flocculare and m. hyopneumoniae strain 7422, and we compare these genomes with the genomes of other m. hyoponeumoniae strain and t ...201323497205
plasmin activity in the porcine airways is enhanced during experimental infection with mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, is positively correlated with proinflammatory cytokine levels and is ameliorated by vaccination.in mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (mhp) infection of swine, the host immune response is considered a major driver of lung pathology; however the underlying inflammatory mechanisms are not well understood. the serine protease plasmin is being increasingly recognised as a significant player in inflammatory processes. here we compare plasmin activity in tracheobronchial lavage fluid (tblf) from pigs experimentally challenged with mhp that were either unvaccinated (n=10), or vaccinated with the commercial ...201323490555
vaccination of piglets up to 1 week of age with a single-dose mycoplasma hyopneumoniae vaccine induces protective immunity within 2 weeks against virulent challenge in the presence of maternally derived antibodies.enzootic pneumonia, resulting from infection with mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, is of considerable economic importance to the pig industry and normally is controlled through active vaccination of piglets. we have demonstrated that administration of an inactivated mycoplasma hyopneumoniae vaccine to piglets less than 1 week old is efficacious under field conditions and reduces the level of lung lesions observed in comparison to that in control pigs. here, the results of two separate studies, one in p ...201323486417
use of computed tomography and histopathologic review for lung lesions produced by the interaction between mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and fumonisin mycotoxins in pigs.mycoplasma hyopneumoniae has a primary role in the porcine respiratory disease complex (prdc). the objective of this study was to determine whether fumonisin mycotoxins influence the character and/or the severity of pathological processes induced in the lungs of pigs by mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. four groups of pigs (n = 7/group) were used, one fed 20 ppm fumonisin b1 (fb1) from 16 days of age (group f), one only infected with m. hyopneumoniae on study day 30 (group m), and a group fed fb1 and in ...201323456966
mycoplasma hyopneumoniae in vitro peptidase activities: identification and cleavage of kallikrein-kinin system-like substrates.bacterial proteases are important for metabolic processes and pathogenesis in host organisms. the bacterial swine pathogen mycoplasma hyopneumoniae has 15 putative protease-encoding genes annotated, but none of them have been functionally characterized. to identify and characterize peptidases that could be relevant for infection of swine hosts, we investigated the peptidase activity present in the pathogenic 7448 strain of m. hyopneumoniae. combinatorial libraries of fluorescence resonance energ ...201323421966
comparative genomic analyses of mycoplasma hyopneumoniae pathogenic 168 strain and its high-passaged attenuated strain.mycoplasma hyopneumoniae is the causative agent of porcine enzootic pneumonia (ep), a mild, chronic pneumonia of swine. despite presenting with low direct mortality, ep is responsible for major economic losses in the pig industry. to identify the virulence-associated determinants of m. hyopneumoniae, we determined the whole genome sequence of m. hyopneumoniae strain 168 and its attenuated high-passage strain 168-l and carried out comparative genomic analyses.201323384176
local and systemic immune responses in pigs intramuscularly injected with an inactivated mycoplasma hyopneumoniae vaccine.the immune response induced by intramuscular administration of a commercial inactivated mycoplasma hyopneumonie whole-cell vaccine (suvaxyn(®)mh one) was investigated in conventional m. hyopneumoniae-free pigs. the animals were assigned randomly to two groups: non-vaccinated and vaccinated. pigs in the vaccinated group were injected intramuscularly with the vaccine at 7 days of age, whereas non-vaccinated pigs received physiological saline solution (pbs). pigs were euthanized and necropsied at 3 ...201323306368
recombinant secreted antigens from mycoplasma hyopneumoniae delivered as a cocktail vaccine enhance the immune response of mice.mycoplasma hyopneumoniae is the etiological agent of porcine enzootic pneumonia (ep), which is a respiratory disease responsible for huge economic losses in the pig industry worldwide. the commercially available vaccines provide only partial protection and are expensive. thus, the development of alternatives for the prophylaxis of ep is critical for improving pig health. the use of multiple antigens in the same immunization may represent a promising alternative. in the present study, seven secre ...201323803903
probability of detecting influenza a virus subtypes h1n1 and h3n2 in individual pig nasal swabs and pen-based oral fluid specimens over time.the probability of detecting influenza a virus (iav) by virus isolation (vi), point-of-care (poc) antigen detection, and real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (rrt-pcr) was estimated for pen-based oral fluid (of) and individual pig nasal swab (ns) specimens. piglets (n=82) were isolated for 30 days and confirmed negative for porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, and iav infections. a subset (n=28) was vaccinated on day post inoculation ...201323910522
modulation of systemic immune responses through commensal gastrointestinal microbiota.colonization of the gastrointestinal (gi) tract is initiated during birth and continually seeded from the individual's environment. gastrointestinal microorganisms play a central role in developing and modulating host immune responses and have been the subject of investigation over the last decades. animal studies have demonstrated the impact of gi tract microbiota on local gastrointestinal immune responses; however, the full spectrum of action of early gastrointestinal tract stimulation and sub ...201323326551
severity of bovine tuberculosis is associated with co-infection with common pathogens in wild boar.co-infections with parasites or viruses drive tuberculosis dynamics in humans, but little is known about their effects in other non-human hosts. this work aims to investigate the relationship between mycobacterium bovis infection and other pathogens in wild boar (sus scrofa), a recognized reservoir of bovine tuberculosis (btb) in mediterranean ecosystems. for this purpose, it has been assessed whether contacts with common concomitant pathogens are associated with the development of severe btb le ...201425350002
maternal immunity enhances mycoplasma hyopneumoniae vaccination induced cell-mediated immune responses in piglets.passively acquired maternal derived immunity (mdi) is a double-edged sword. maternal derived antibody-mediated immunity (ami) and cell-mediated immunity (cmi) are critical immediate defenses for the neonate; however, mdi may interfere with the induction of active immunity in the neonate, i.e. passive interference. the effect of antigen-specific mdi on vaccine-induced ami and cmi responses to mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (m. hyopneumoniae) was assessed in neonatal piglets. to determine whether cmi an ...201424903770
transcription analysis of the porcine alveolar macrophage response to mycoplasma hyopneumoniae.mycoplasma hyopneumoniae is considered the major causative agent of porcine respiratory disease complex, occurs worldwide and causes major economic losses to the pig industry. to gain more insights into the pathogenesis of this organism, the high throughput cdna microarray assays were employed to evaluate host responses of porcine alveolar macrophages to m. hyopneumoniae infection. a total of 1033 and 1235 differentially expressed genes were identified in porcine alveolar macrophages in response ...201425098731
a field evaluation of two vaccines against mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infection in pigs.a field trial was carried out with two mycoplasma hyopneumoniae vaccines in order to investigate the benefit of vaccination under field conditions in modern danish pig production facilities with pigs being positive for m. hyopneumoniae. the m. hyopneumoniae infection of the herd was confirmed through blood samples that were positive for antibodies against m. hyopneumoniae combined with gross lesions of the lungs related to m. hyopneumoniae at slaughter and detection of m. hyopneumoniae by polyme ...201424739629
effect of feed restriction on performance and postprandial nutrient metabolism in pigs co-infected with mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and swine influenza virus.as nutritional status and inflammation are strongly connected, feeding and nutritional strategies could be effective to improve the ability of pigs to cope with disease. the aims of this study were to investigate the impact of a feed restriction on the ability of pigs to resist and be tolerant to a coinfection with mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (mhp) and the european h1n1 swine influenza virus, and the consequences for nutrient metabolism, with a focus on amino acids. two groups of specific pathogen- ...201425101681
establishment of serological herd profiles for zoonoses and production diseases in pigs by "meat juice multi-serology".the most important pork-borne zoonotic diseases in humans such as salmonelloses and yersinioses cause only latent infections in pigs. thus, the infection of pigs does not result in apparent or palpable alterations in the pig carcasses. this is the major reason, why the traditional meat inspection with adspection, palpation and incision is not able to control the food safety risks of today. the objective of this paper is to evaluate a set of serological tests, which provides a classification of p ...201424411983
local and systemic immune responses induced by a recombinant chimeric protein containing mycoplasma hyopneumoniae antigens fused to the b subunit of escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin ltb.a multi-antigen chimera composed of three antigens of mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (r1, p42, and nrdf) and the mucosal adjuvant escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin b subunit (ltb) was constructed, and its antigenic and immunogenic properties were evaluated in mice and pigs. in addition, we compared the effect of the fusion and co-administration of these proteins in mice. antibodies against each subunit recognized the chimeric protein. intranasal and intramuscular immunization of mice with the c ...201425091529
immune responses of a chimaeric protein vaccine containing mycoplasma hyopneumoniae antigens and ltb against experimental m. hyopneumoniae infection in pigs.a recombinant chimaeric protein containing three mycoplasma hyopneumoniae antigens (c-terminal portion of p97, heat shock protein p42, and nrdf) fused to an adjuvant, the b subunit of heat-labile enterotoxin of escherichia coli (ltb), was used to immunize pigs against enzootic pneumonia. the systemic and local immune responses, as well as the efficacy of the chimaeric protein in inducing protection against experimental m. hyopneumoniae infection were evaluated. in total, 60 male piglets, purchas ...201424909331
immunogenicity of ims 1113 plus soluble subunit and chimeric proteins containing mycoplasma hyopneumoniae p97 c-terminal repeat regions.the surface adhesin p97 mediates the adherence of mycoplasma hyopneumoniae to swine cilia. two reiterated repeats r1 and r2 are located at the c-terminus of p97. the purpose of this study was to evaluate the immunogenicity of montanide adjuvant ims 1113 plus soluble subunit proteins rr1, rr1r2 and their chimeric forms coupled with b subunit of the heat-labile enterotoxin of escherichia coli (ltb). each recombinant protein in this study was capable of eliciting anti-r1 specific humoral antibodies ...201424461070
swine infectious agents in tayassu pecari and pecari tajacu tissue samples from brazil.peccaries and pigs, tayassuidae and suidae respectively, diverged approximately one million years ago from a common ancestor. because these families share some pathogens, peccaries can act as reservoirs of infectious pathogens for domestic and wild swine. we evaluated the presence of swine infectious agents in the spleen and lung tissues of white-lipped peccaries (wlp; tayassu pecari) and collared peccaries (cp; pecari tajacu) in brazil. samples from 10 adult cp and three wlp, which had been hun ...201424484498
association of swine influenza h1n1 pandemic virus (siv-h1n1p) with porcine respiratory disease complex in sows from commercial pig farms in colombia.porcine respiratory disease complex (prdc) is a serious health problem that mainly affects growing and finishing pigs. prdc is caused by a combination of viral and bacterial agents, such as porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv), swine influenza virus (siv), mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (myh), actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (app), pasteurella multocida and porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2). to characterize the specific role of swine influenza virus in prdc presentation in colombia, 1 ...201425160760
pathogen presence in feral pigs and their movement around two commercial piggeries in queensland, australia.feral pigs are wild animal reservoirs of infectious pathogens transmissible to other species, all of which are transmissible to domestic pigs. the objective of this study was to detect the presence of harmful production-limiting pathogens; brucella suis, leptospira species, lawsonia intracellularis, mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae in a feral pig population within a 10 km radius of two large-scale commercial piggeries in southern queensland, australia. the movement pa ...201424572722
a recombinant chimera comprising the r1 and r2 repeat regions of m. hyopneumoniae p97 and the n-terminal region of a. pleuropneumoniae apxiii elicits immune responses.infection by mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, either alone or together, causes serious respiratory diseases in pigs.201424533486
occurrence and severity of lung lesions in slaughter pigs vaccinated against mycoplasma hyopneumoniae with different strategies.different vaccination strategies against mycoplasma hyopneumoniae have been adopted worldwide. reports from the field indicate varying levels of protection among currently available vaccines. the goal of the present study was to compare the efficacies of three widespread commercial vaccination strategies against m. hyopneumoniae under field conditions. 20 farms were included. 14 farms used different single dose vaccines (vaccine 1 [v1], 8 herds; vaccine 2 [v2], 6 herds); another 6 farms (v3) use ...201424485705
herd-level risk factors for the seropositivity to mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and the occurrence of enzootic pneumonia among fattening pigs in areas of endemic infection and high pig density.the aim of the present study was to identify potential risk factors for the occurrence of enzootic pneumonia (ep) in herds situated in a region of high pig density, where a majority of herds is endemically infected with mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. between 2006 and 2010, overall 100 herds were enrolled in a case-control study. data were collected through personal interview with the farmers, clinical examination of pigs and their environments, and serological testing for m. hyopneumoniae, swine infl ...201423199301
the mycoplasma hyopneumoniae recombinant heat shock protein p42 induces an immune response in pigs under field conditions.enzootic pneumonia (ep), resulting from mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infection is one of the most prevalent diseases in pigs and is a major cause of economic losses to the swine industry worldwide. ep is often controlled by vaccination with inactivated, adjuvanted whole-cell bacterin. however, these bacterins provide only partial protection and do not prevent m. hyopneumoniae colonization. attempts to develop vaccines that are more efficient have made use of the recombinant dna technology. the objec ...201425082621
use of serological and mucosal immune responses to mycoplasma hyopneumoniae antigens p97r1, p46 and p36 in the diagnosis of infection.currently available elisas used to diagnose mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infection in pigs have high specificity but low sensitivity. to develop more sensitive assays, the kinetics of specific serum igg and respiratory mucosal siga responses against three m. hyopneumoniae antigens, namely, p97r1 (an adhesin protein), p46 (a membrane protein), and p36 (a cytosolic protein), were characterised over 133 days following experimental infection. immunoglobulin g against the three proteins remained at high ...201425066030
comparative analysis of mucosal immunity to mycoplasma hyopneumoniae in jiangquhai porcine lean strain and dly piglets.the jiangquhai porcine lean strain (jqhpl) is a new pork meat-type strain that has been developed in recent years from the parent lines duroc, fengjing, and jiangquhai pigs (durocxfengjing pigxjiangquhai pig). enzootic pneumonia (ep) in pigs induced by mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (m. hyopneumoniae) is a chronic respiratory disease of pigs, generating high economic losses in the swine industry. here, we investigated the degree of resistance to m. hyopneumoniae for the jiangquhai porcine lean strain ...201425061745
proteogenomic mapping of mycoplasma hyopneumoniae virulent strain 232.mycoplasma hyopneumoniae causes respiratory disease in swine and contributes to the porcine respiratory disease complex, a major disease problem in the swine industry. the m. hyopneumoniae strain 232 genome is one of the smallest and best annotated microbial genomes, containing only 728 annotated genes and 691 known proteins. standard protein databases for mass spectrometry only allow for the identification of known and predicted proteins, which if incorrect can limit our understanding of the bi ...201425005615
intra-farm risk factors for mycoplasma hyopneumoniae colonization at weaning age.the objective of this study was to identify intra-farm risk factors that affected the colonization with mycoplasma hyopneumoniae at weaning age. three farrow-to-wean farms were visited at least 5 times each. an average of 54 piglets were sampled at each visit and assayed by means of real-time pcr in nasal swabs. the proportion of pcr positive piglets was evaluated as a response to several variables including dam's pcr status, piglet serological status, and local climatic conditions during the la ...201424984946
evaluation of recombinant mycoplasma hyopneumoniae p97/p102 paralogs formulated with selected adjuvants as vaccines against mycoplasmal pneumonia in pigs.pig responses to recombinant subunit vaccines containing fragments of eight multifunctional adhesins of the mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (mhp) p97/p102 paralog family formulated with alhydrogel(®) or montanide™ gel01 were compared with a commercial bacterin following experimental challenge. pigs, vaccinated intramuscularly at 9, 12 and 15 weeks of age with either of the recombinant formulations (n=10 per group) or suvaxyn(®) m. hyo (n=12), were challenged with mhp strain hillcrest at 17 weeks of age ...201424930717
cyclooxygenase-2 expression in pigs infected experimentally with mycoplasma hyopneumoniae.porcine enzootic pneumonia, primarily caused by mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (mh), is a contagious disease characterized by catarrhal bronchointerstitial pneumonia. previous studies have evaluated immunohistochemically the distribution of mh, different cellular populations and cytokines during mh-induced pneumonia. cyclooxygenase (cox)-2 is overexpressed during inflammatory responses by different cell types in the lung. the aim of this study was to elucidate the possible role of cox-2 in the pathoge ...201424925603
genome organization in mycoplasma hyopneumoniae: identification of promoter-like sequences.information related to open reading frame (orf) organization, transcription regulation and promoter sequence has been available for the mycoplasma hyopneumoniae 7448 genome, demonstrating that the orfs are continuously transcribed (cotranscription) in large clusters. a species-specific position-specific scoring matrix was applied to scan for putative promoters upstream of all coding sequences on a genome scale in m. hyopneumoniae. this study consisted of a detailed in silico promoter localizatio ...201424844214
cilium adhesin p216 (mhj_0493) is a target of ectodomain shedding and aminopeptidase activity on the surface of mycoplasma hyopneumoniae.mhj_0493 (p216) is a highly expressed cilium adhesin in mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. p216 undergoes cleavage at position 1074 in the s/t-x-f↓-x-d/e-like motif (1072)t-n-f↓q-e(1076) generating n-terminal and c-terminal fragments of 120 kda (p120) and 85 kda (p85) on the surface of m. hyopneumoniae. here we show that several s/t-x-f↓x-d/e-like motifs exist in p216 but only (1072)t-n-f↓q-e(1076) and (1344)i-t-f↓a-d-y(1349) were determined to be bona fide processing sites by identifying semitryptic pep ...201424804907
effect of different adjuvant formulations on the immunogenicity and protective effect of a live mycoplasma hyopneumoniae vaccine after intramuscular inoculation.mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (m. hyopneumoniae) vaccine strain 168 is an intrapulmonically injected attenuated live vaccine that is available in the chinese market. the aim of this study was to develop suitable adjuvants for this live vaccine to provide effective protection after intramuscular inoculation. several adjuvant components were screened to assess their toxicity for the live vaccine, and various adjuvant formulations were then designed and prepared. vaccines supplemented with these adjuvan ...201424731810
interaction between single-dose mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus vaccines on dually infected pigs.the objective of this study was to determine the effects of mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and/or porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) vaccination on dually infected pigs. in total, 72 pigs were randomly divided into nine groups (eight pigs per group), as follows: five vaccinated and challenged groups, three non-vaccinated and challenged groups, and a negative control group. single-dose vaccination against m. hyopneumoniae alone decreased the levels of prrsv viremia and prrsv-in ...201424702900
vaccination against mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infection in pigs: room for improvement. 201424656984
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