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real-time polymerase chain reaction-based identification of bacteria in milk samples from bovine clinical mastitis with no growth in conventional culturing.in more than 30% of milk samples from clinical and subclinical bovine mastitis, bacteria fail to grow even after 48 h of conventional culture. the "no-growth" samples are problematic for mastitis laboratories, veterinarians, and dairy producers. this study provides the first investigation of the bacteriological etiology of such samples, using a real-time pcr-based commercial reagent kit. the assay targets the dna of the 11 most common bacterial species or groups in mastitis and the staphylococca ...200919447993
lung pathology and infectious agents in fatal feedlot pneumonias and relationship with mortality, disease onset, and treatments.this study charted 237 fatal cases of bovine respiratory disease (brd) observed from may 2002 to may 2003 in a single oklahoma feed yard. postmortem lung samples were used for agent identification and histopathology. late in the study, 94 skin samples (ear notches) were tested for bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) by immunohistochemistry (ihc). bovine respiratory disease morbidity was 14.7%, and the mortality rate of all causes was 1.3%, with more than half (53.8%) attributed to brd (0.7% total ...200919564494
identification, susceptibility, and detection of integron-gene cassettes of arcanobacterium pyogenes in bovine endometritis.the present study aimed to identify, determine the susceptibility, and detect gene cassettes of arcanobacterium (actinomyces) pyogenes isolates from cows with endometritis. arcanobacterium pyogenes isolates were identified first by using the api coryne vit system test, and further through pcr. minimum inhibitory concentrations of 23 antimicrobial agents against a. pyogenes were tested using standard broth microdilution assays according to the protocols of the clinical and laboratory standards in ...200919620647
arcanobacterium pyogenes sepsis in farmer, brazil. 200919624940
mechanisms of infertility associated with clinical and subclinical endometritis in high producing dairy cattle.clinical and subclinical endometritis are common causes of infertility and subfertility in high producing dairy cattle, delaying the onset of ovarian cyclic activity after parturition, extending luteal phases and reducing conception rates. escherichia coli and arcanobacterium pyogenes cause endometrial damage and inflammation. components of microbes, such as lipopolysaccharide (lps), are detected by toll-like receptors on endometrial cells, leading to secretion of cytokines, chemokines and antim ...200919660075
cervid herpesvirus 2, the primary agent in an outbreak of infectious keratoconjunctivitis in semidomesticated reindeer.an outbreak of infectious keratoconjunctivitis (ikc) occurred in semidomesticated reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus) in troms county, norway, in february 2009. twenty-eight animals with clinical symptoms and 12 apparently healthy animals were investigated. they ranged in age from calves of the year to 4-year-old animals (mean, 1.9 years; standard deviation, +/-0.9). the seroprevalence of antibodies against cervid herpesvirus 2 (cvhv2) was 86% in animals with ikc and 42% in unaffected animals. ...200919726598
genomic and phenotypic characterization of escherichia coli isolates recovered from the uterus of puerperal dairy cows.the role of escherichia coli in the pathogenesis of the puerperal uterine infection of the cow is largely unknown. it is proposed that e. coli favors the persistence of arcanobacterium pyogenes and gram-negative bacteria that are pivotal to the establishment of the infection. here, we report the genomic and phenotypic characteristics of 72 e. coli isolates recovered from the uterus of dairy cows with normal puerperium (n = 12; 35 isolates) or clinical metritis (n = 18; 37 isolates), in an attemp ...200919923603
update on bacterial pathogenesis in brd.mannheimia haemolytica, pasteurella multocida, histophilus somni, mycoplasma bovis and arcanobacterium pyogenes are all frequently implicated in bovine respiratory disease (brd). m. haemolytica is considered the most important of the group. these bacteria are commensals in the nasopharynx and establish infection in the lungs of cattle that are subjected to a variety of stresses. factors that permit adherence to and proliferation in the lungs and factors that cause tissue destruction and inflamma ...200920003651
cholesterol-dependent cytolysins.the cholesterol-dependent cytolysins (cdcs) are part of a large family of pore-forming proteins that include the human proteins perforin and the complement membrane attack complex. the activity of all family members is focused on membranes, but the proteins are themselves involved in a diverse range of phenomena. an overview of some of these phenomena is provided here, along with an historical perspective of cdcs themselves and how our understanding of their mechanism of action has developed ove ...201020687480
identification of arcanobacterium pyogenes isolated by post mortem examinations of a bearded dragon and a gecko by phenotypic and genotypic properties.the present study was designed to identify phenotypically and genotypically two arcanobacterium (a.) pyogenes strains isolated by post mortem examinations of a bearded dragon and a gecko. the a. pyogenes strains showed the typical biochemical properties and displayed camp-like synergistic hemolytic activities with various indicator strains. the species identity could be confirmed genotypically by amplification and sequencing of the 16s rdna gene and, as novel target gene, by sequencing of the be ...201020706035
microbiological and pathological examination of fatal calf pneumonia cases induced by bacterial and viral respiratory pathogens.the infectious origin of fatal cases of calf pneumonia was studied in 48 calves from 27 different herds on postmortem examination. lung tissue samples were examined by pathological, histological, bacterial culture, virus isolation and immunohistochemical methods for the detection of viral and bacterial infections. pneumonia was diagnosed in 47/48 cases and infectious agents were found in 40/47 (85%) of those cases. the presence of multiple respiratory pathogens in 23/40 (57.5%) cases indicated t ...201020713325
arcanobacterium pyogenes septicemia in a southern pudu (pudu puda) following uterine prolapse.a 14-year-old female pudu (pudu puda) developed a uterine prolapse after unassisted parturition. the length of time between the prolapse and replacement of the organ was not known but was less than 24 hr. when the prolapse was first noticed, uterine tissue appeared undamaged and was immediately cleaned with antiseptic solution, handled carefully during replacement, and prophylactic antibiotic and anti-inflammatory drugs were given. the pudu appeared clinically normal until 4 days postpartum, whe ...201020722272
three cases of arcanobacterium pyogenes-associated soft tissue infection.arcanobacterium pyogenes is an established but often unrecognized human pathogen. a. pyogenes may also be misidentified as arcanobacterium haemolyticum, which gives remarkably similar results in conventional biochemical tests. in this study, we have reported three cases of wound infections associated with a. pyogenes and also on the bacteriological characteristics which are relevant for identification of these isolates. the negative reverse camp test, the ability to produce acid from xylose and ...201020299502
antimicrobial resistance and presence of virulence factor genes in arcanobacterium pyogenes isolated from the uterus of postpartum dairy cows.arcanobacterium pyogenes is considered the most significant bacterium involved in the pathogenesis of metritis in cattle. infections caused by antimicrobial-resistant bacteria are a great challenge in both human and veterinary medicine. the purpose of this study was to present an overview of antimicrobial resistance in a. pyogenes isolated from the uteruses of postpartum holstein dairy cows and to identify virulence factors. seventy-two a. pyogenes isolates were phenotypically characterized for ...201020346602
disseminated abscessation complicated with bone marrow abscess caused by arcanobacterium pyogenes in a goat.an 8-month-old, nubian wether with a history of systemic illness was euthanatized for a pathological examination. at necropsy, the presence of disseminated abscessation and cellulitis in the limbs was noted. other postmortem findings associated with the visceral disease in this animal included multiple abscess lesions, mainly in the lungs, kidneys, phalanxes and vertebrae. histopathologically, lesions of arteriolitis were found as evidenced by bacterial embolisms in pulmonary and renal arteriola ...201020467209
pathogenesis and antigenic characterization of a new east european subtype 3 porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus isolate.porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) is divided into a european and north american genotype. east european prrsv isolates have been found to be of the european genotype, but form different subtypes. in the present study, prrsv was isolated from a belarusian farm with reproductive and respiratory failure and designated "lena". analyses revealed that lena is a new east european subtype 3 prrsv isolate. the main purpose of this investigation was to study the pathogenesis and ...201020525333
comparative chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic studies on the genus arcanobacterium collins et al. 1982 emend. lehnen et al. 2006: proposal for trueperella gen. nov. and emended description of the genus arcanobacterium.the results of a study comparing the chemotaxonomic characteristics and phylogenetic positions of members of the genus arcanobacterium indicated that the genus was not monophyletic and, therefore, was in need of taxonomic revision. phylogenetically, the genus arcanobacterium consisted of two distinct lines; a group comprising the species arcanobacterium haemolyticum (the type species of the genus), a. hippocoleae, a. phocae and a. pluranimalium and a robust group consisting of the species a. abo ...201020622055
antibiotic susceptibility of bacteria isolated from respiratory tract of pigs in poland between 2004 and 2008.antibiotic susceptibility of bacteria isolated from nasal swabs and lungs of pigs, to 16 commonly used antibiotics, was determined by disc diffusion test. beta-lactams showed the best activity against streptococcus suis (s. suis) (> 99% of susceptible strains). the lowest sensitivity of s. suis was evidenced to: tylosin, tetracycline and neomycin (50%, 40% and 25%, respectively). isolates of escherichia coli (e. coli) demonstrated the highest susceptibility to cephalosporin (85% strains), gentam ...201021077428
normal bacterial flora from vaginas of criollo limonero cows.in order to describe the normal bacterial flora in vaginas of criollo limonero cows, 51 healthy multiparous cows, at least 90-day postpartum, were selected. duplicated swabs (n = 102) were taken from the vaginal fornix of cows to perform aerobic and anaerobic cultures as well as conventional biochemical tests. out of 102 swabs, bacterial growth was obtained in 55 (53.9%) while the remaining 47 (46.1%) did not exhibited any bacterial growth. of the 55 bacterial growths, 23 (41.8%) were aerobic wh ...201021082249
diagnosis of intramammary infection in samples yielding negative results or minor pathogens in conventional bacterial culturing.up to half of quarter milk samples submitted for mastitis diagnosis are culture-negative results or lead to identification of coagulase-negative staphylococci or corynebacterium bovis in conventional culturing, the so-called minor pathogens. the interpretation and usefulness of these results in terms of udder and animal health management is limited, even though the amount of resources spent is relatively high. this work aimed to test two methods of analysis of milk samples with the goal of incre ...201021134309
[benefit of clinical and laboratory parameters for the diagnosis of endometritis in dairy cows].the goal of this work was to answer the question of whether or not there are significant differences between cows with abnormal vaginal discharge and cows with the diagnosis of puerperal or chronic endometritis, using blood and urine parameters. in addition, cows with and without vaginal discharge were examined for significant bacteriological differences in uterine mucous samples. the question of false positive and false negatives from the diagnosis of endometritis was also investigated. a total ...201020814859
koch's postulate of arcanobacterium pyogenes and its immunogenicity in local and imported saanen goats.the aim of this survey was to study koch's postulate of arcanobacterium pyogenes recovered from the necrotic lung of a kid and to compare the immunogenicity of this isolate in local and imported saanen goats. the disease was successfully reproduced in intrathoracically challenged hamsters which showed lung congestion and liver abscesses, while hamsters that were intraperitoneally challenged showed only the formation of intestinal abscesses. the percentage of histopathologic legions in 12 observe ...201020857381
determination of ceftiofur derivatives in serum, endometrial tissue, and lochia in puerperal dairy cows after subcutaneous administration of ceftiofur crystalline free acid.puerperal uterine infections are often associated with decreased reproductive performance in dairy cows. routine treatment protocols include the systemic administration of antibiotics. antibiotic drugs, however, should be administered daily over at least 5 d. the objective of this study was to determine concentrations of ceftiofur derivatives in serum, endometrial tissue, and lochia after subcutaneous administration of ceftiofur crystalline free acid in 6 clinically healthy puerperal dairy cows ...201121183038
identification of corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis from sheep by pcr-restriction analysis using the rna polymerase ß-subunit gene (rpob).caseous lymphadenitis, caused by corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, has a high prevalence in many regions of the world, including argentina and brazil. a polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (pcr-rflp) method for the identification of this microorganism was designed based on the hypervariable region of the polymorphic rna polymerase ß-subunit gene (rpob). all available corynebacteriumrpob sequences were analyzed by computer-assisted restriction analysis. the rpob p ...201121419467
molecular identification and further characterization of arcanobacterium pyogenes isolated from bovine mastitis and from various other origins.the present study was designed to identify phenotypically and genotypically 61 arcanobacterium pyogenes isolated from bovine mastitis and from various other origins. the a. pyogenes isolates showed the typical cultural and biochemical properties of this species and displayed camp-like synergistic hemolytic activities with various indicator strains. the species identity could be confirmed genotypically by amplification and sequencing of the superoxide dismutase a encoding gene soda of reference s ...201121426970
acute phase proteins in milk in naturally acquired bovine mastitis caused by different pathogens.the concentrations of haptoglobin (hp) and serum amyloid a (saa) and the activity of n-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase (nagase) in milk from 234 cows with spontaneous mastitis caused by different pathogens were measured to assess whether they corresponded with the clinical signs of mastitis and whether there were any differences between pathogens. ninety-eight of the cows had clinical mastitis and 136 had subclinical mastitis. there were statistically significant positive correlations between the con ...201121558129
microbiological identification and analysis of swine tonsils collected from carcasses at slaughter.the primary objective of this 7-month study was to determine the prevalence of porcine pathogens of the tonsil of the soft palate of swine at slaughter. additional objectives were to determine if sampling the carcasses of normal or abnormal hogs provided different microbiological profiles and if the slaughter plant provides a feasible sampling frame and environment for detecting and monitoring important pathogens in tonsils that have health implications for both swine and humans. a total of 395 ...201121731180
rapid identification of bovine mastitis pathogens by high-resolution melt analysis of 16s rdna sequences.accurate identification of mastitis pathogens is often compromised when using conventional culture-based methods. here, we report a novel, rapid assay tested for speciation of bacterial mastitis pathogens using high-resolution melt analysis (hrma) of 16s rdna sequences. real-time pcr amplification of 16s rrna gene fragment, spanning the variable region v5 and v6 was performed with a resulting amplicon of 290bp. first, a library was generated of melt curves of 9 common pathogens that are implicat ...201121944716
Arcanolysin is a cholesterol-dependent cytolysin of the human pathogen Arcanobacterium haemolyticum.Arcanobacterium haemolyticum is an emerging human pathogen that causes pharyngitis, wound infections, and a variety of occasional invasive diseases. Since its initial discovery in 1946, this Gram positive organism has been known to have hemolytic activity, yet no hemolysin has been previously reported. A. haemolyticum also displays variable hemolytic activity on laboratory blood agar that is dependent upon which species the blood is derived.201122029628
Reproductive tract defense and disease in postpartum dairy cows.This paper briefly reviews recent data and concepts on the development and mitigation of infection and inflammation in the reproductive tract of dairy cows during the first 2 mo after calving. The incidence of metritis is typically between 10 and 20%, of clinical endometritis or purulent vaginal discharge (PVD) approximately 15%, and of subclinical or cytological endometritis a further 15%. Worse postpartum negative energy balance is associated with more severe or prolonged uterine inflammation. ...201121890187
the effect of recurrent episodes of clinical mastitis caused by gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and other organisms on mortality and culling in holstein dairy cows.the objective of this study was to estimate the effects of recurrent episodes of different types of clinical mastitis (cm) caused by gram-positive (streptococcus spp., staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus spp.) and gram-negative (escherichia coli, klebsiella, citrobacter, enterobacter, pseudomonas) bacteria, and other organisms (arcanobacterium pyogenes, mycoplasma, corynebacterium bovis, yeast, miscellaneous) on the probability of mortality and culling in holstein dairy cows. data from 30,233 ...201121943738
detection and characterization of antibiotic-resistance genes in arcanobacterium pyogenes strains from abscesses of forest musk deer.arcanobacterium pyogenes is commonly isolated from ruminant animals as an opportunistic pathogen that co-infects with other bacteria, normally causing surface or internal abscesses. twenty-eight strains of a. pyogenes isolated from forest musk deer suppurative samples were identified by their 16s rrna gene sequences, and confirmed by amplification of the pyolysin-encoding gene (plo) in all isolates. the mics of 14 commonly used antibiotics were determined by an agar dilution method. class 1 and ...201121852523
Association between virulence factors of Escherichia coli, Fusobacterium necrophorum, and Arcanobacterium pyogenes and uterine diseases of dairy cows.The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between bacterial species-specific virulence factors (VFs) present in the uterus at 3 different stages of lactation (1-3, 8-10, and 34-36 days in milk (DIM)) and the incidence of metritis and clinical endometritis in dairy cows. The following VF genes were investigated: plo (pyolysin), cbpA (collagen-binding protein), and fimA (fimbriae expression) which are Arcanobacterium pyogenes specific; fimH (a type 1 pilus component), Escherichi ...201122186615
Rapid identification of the animal pathogens Streptococcus uberis and Arcanobacterium pyogenes by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH).Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) has been reported to be an easy and rapid identification method for many human pathogens, but applications for common veterinary pathogens are lacking. Gene probes for FISH of the animal pathogens Streptococcus uberis and Arcanobacterium pyogenes were designed to provide probes for a specific identification of these bacteria from cultures. Specific FISH probes for these species have so far not been published. Both probes recognized all isolates of the ta ...201122033042
Antimicrobial susceptibility of Arcanobacterium pyogenes isolated from the lungs of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) with pneumonia.In vitro susceptibilities of 29 strains of Arcanobacterium pyogenes isolated from lung lesions of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) with pneumonia were determined using the broth microdilution method to ascertain efficacious treatment options for pneumonic white-tailed deer. All 29 A. pyogenes strains tested were susceptible to ceftiofur, spectinomycin, tiamulin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole but were resistant to both danofloxacin and sulfadimethoxine. Likewise, all 29 isolates wer ...201121908365
comparison of antemortem antimicrobial treatment regimens to antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of postmortem lung isolates from feedlot cattle with bronchopneumonia.a retrospective study was performed to compare the treatment regimens in feedlot cattle that died with bovine respiratory disease (brd) to the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of the microorganisms isolated from lungs. forty-three cattle submitted by the willard sparks beef research center (wsbrc) to the oklahoma animal disease diagnostic laboratory for postmortem examination during 2007 had bronchopneumonia (acute = 16, subacute = 5, or chronic = 22). lungs from cattle were cultured aerobi ...201122362524
cholesterol microcrystals and cochleate cylinders: attachment of pyolysin oligomers and domain 4.using an established organic solvent injection procedure for the preparation of aqueous cholesterol microcrystal suspensions, it has now been shown that a new, hollow, cylindrical, tightly-coiled, multi-bilayer form of cholesterol can be generated, termed the cochleate cylinder. cholesterol cochleate cylinders are formed in larger numbers at intermediate temperatures (40-75°c) but are not formed at 100°c. the structure of the cholesterol microcrystals and cochleate cylinders is shown in negative ...201120682347
sensitivity to antibiotics of arcanobacterium pyogenes and escherichia coli from the uteri of cows with metritis/endometritis.the aim of the study was to determine the in vitro sensitivity of 161 arcanobacterium pyogenes strains and 99 escherichia coli strains isolated from the uteri of 312 cows with metritis/endometritis. animals with pathological discharges were clinically diagnosed per rectum and per vaginum, and then swabs from the lumen of the uterus were aseptically collected. bacteriological examination of swabs was according to commonly accepted procedures with the additional use of api tests. sensitivity to an ...201120129803
isolation of actinomyces hyovaginalis from sheep and comparison with isolates obtained from pigs.actinomyces hyovaginalis, an organism initially described from pigs, was recovered from nine sheep and a moufflon. further strains of a. hyovaginalis were recovered from five samples from pigs over the same period. 16s rrna sequencing and extensive phenotyping demonstrated high similarity between the ovine and porcine isolates; however differences with respect to erythritol, adonitol and l-arabitol fermentation were detected. ovine isolates were made from various sample sites including abscesses ...201222266161
oral and cloacal microflora of wild crocodiles crocodylus acutus and c. moreletii in the mexican caribbean.bacterial cultures and chemical analyses were performed from cloacal and oral swabs taken from 43 american crocodiles crocodylus acutus and 28 morelet's crocodiles c. moreletii captured in quintana roo state, mexico. we recovered 47 bacterial species (28 genera and 14 families) from all samples with 51.1% of these belonging to the family enterobacteriaceae. fourteen species (29.8%) were detected in both crocodile species and 18 (38.3%) and 15 (31.9%) species were only detected in american and mo ...201222422127
mastitis diagnosis in dairy cows using pathoproof real-time polymerase chain reaction assay in comparison with conventional bacterial culture in a northern german field study.in the following field study, the commercial pathoproof mastitis pcr assay, a real-time pcr for identifying eleven mastitis pathogens and the staphylococcal beta-lactamase gene, was compared with conventional bacterial culture. for this purpose, 681 udder quarter samples from 173 clinically healthy cows with varying somatic cell count from four dairy herds in the region of osnabrück, lower saxony, germany, were collected between july 2010 and february 2011 and subjected to pcr and bacterial cult ...201223227767
vaginal bacterial flora and cytology in proestrous bitches: role on fertility.the study of canine vaginal cytology underwent limited evolution over the years. presence and significance of inflammatory cells in vaginal smears are little considered aspects in the bitch. moreover, occurrence of vaginal bacteria in breeding bitches during follicular phase of the reproductive cycle, in absence of clinical signs of infection, involves the difficult question of antibiotics administration. the aim of this study was to relate findings in vaginal cytology (presence of neutrophils, ...201222289216
microbial diversity of bovine mastitic milk as described by pyrosequencing of metagenomic 16s rdna.dairy cow mastitis is an important disease in the dairy industry. different microbial species have been identified as causative agents in mastitis, and are traditionally diagnosed by bacterial culture. the objective of this study was to use metagenomic pyrosequencing of bacterial 16s rrna genes to investigate bacterial dna diversity in milk samples of mastitic and healthy dairy cows and compare the results with those obtained by classical bacterial culture. one hundred and thirty-six milk sample ...201223082192
relationship between bacteriological findings in the second and fourth weeks postpartum and uterine infection in dairy cows considering bacteriological results.the uterine lumen in early postpartum dairy cows is contaminated with different bacteria. the most relevant uterine pathogens are escherichia coli and trueperella pyogenes. prevalence of α-hemolytic streptococci and coagulase-negative staphylococci (cns) is also high; however, these pathogens are considered opportunistic. the overall objective of this study was to investigate effects of the intrauterine presence of e. coli, t. pyogenes, α-hemolytic streptococci, or cns at 10±1 d in milk (dim) on ...201223021749
the effect of intrauterine administration of mannose or bacteriophage on uterine health and fertility of dairy cows with special focus on escherichia coli and arcanobacterium pyogenes.the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of intrauterine administration of 50 g of ultrapure mannose or a bacteriophage cocktail and the presence of escherichia coli and arcanobacterium pyogenes in the uterine lumen on uterine health and reproductive performance of lactating dairy cows. the study was conducted on a commercial dairy farm located near ithaca, new york, from may 4 to january 20, 2011, and 597 cows were enrolled. the cows were divided randomly into 3 treatment groups, ...201222612946
effect of intrauterine dextrose or antibiotic therapy on reproductive performance of lactating dairy cows diagnosed with clinical endometritis.the objectives of this study were to assess the responses to treatments (clinical cure and cow survival 14 d posttherapy) of cows with clinical endometritis (ce) that received intrauterine infusion of a hypertonic solution of 50% dextrose (dex) or subcutaneous ceftiofur crystalline free acid (ccfa) and subsequent pregnancy per artificial insemination (p/ai) in cows with ce compared with cows without ce. cows (n=760) from 2 dairy herds were screened for ce using vaginoscopy and measurement of cer ...201222459836
trueperella pyogenes as cause of a facial abscess in a grey slender loris (loris lydekkerianus nordicus)--a case report.in the present study a trueperella (t.) pyogenes strain isolated from an abscess on the left side of the face of a six year old grey slender loris (loris lydekkerianus nordicus) could successfully be identified phenotypically, by maldi-tof ms analysis and genotypically using t. pyogenes superoxide dismutase a encoding gene soda and t. pyogenes 16s-23s rdna intergenic spacer region specific oligonucleotide primers. the t. pyogenes strain could additionally be characterized by pcr-mediated amplifi ...201223045803
[hormonal treatments for fertility disorders in cattle].in dairy cows, hormonal treatments are commonly implemented for acyclicity, silent heat and endometritis. before treatment, causes of infertility need to be detected and severe failures in housing, feeding or other diseases must be eliminated. without sustainable improvement of herd management, the use of intensive hormonal treatments will not improve reproductive performance. the most common cause of anoestrous is silent heat. in cows with a palpable corpus luteum, injection of prostaglandin f2 ...201222911233
genotypic characterization and evaluation of an antibiotic resistance of trueperella pyogenes (arcanobacterium pyogenes) isolated from milk of dairy cows with clinical mastitis.trueperella pyogenes, recently reclassified from the genus arcanobacterium, is considered the causative agent of acute suppurative mastitis called summer mastitis. t. pyogenes produces a variety of known and putative virulence factors that include pyolysin and factors promoting adhesion to host cells. the objective of this study was to report the presence of virulence genes in t. pyogenes isolates that were identified as etiological agents of clinical mastitis in cows, as well as to determine an ...201222868181
incidence and severity of arcanobacterium pyogenes injection site abscesses with needle or needle-free injection.nursery-age pigs (n=198) were used to evaluate the difference in abscess formation at needle-free jet and conventional needle-and-syringe injection sites. needle-free jet injection was used to administer injections in the neck and ham on one side of the animal whereas needle-and-syringe was used for neck and ham injections on the opposite side. immediately prior to injection, the injection site surfaces were contaminated with an inoculum of arcanobacterium pyogenes. each pig was humanely euthani ...201222854129
short communication: evaluation of vaginal discharge following treatment with a progesterone insert.yellowish discharge after application of intravaginal progesterone releasing inserts is frequently observed in cows. the objective of this study was to compare the bacteriological contamination of the vagina and uterus before and after a treatment with a progesterone insert in heifers. forty-two holstein heifers received a progesterone releasing insert [eazi-breed controlled internal drug release (cidr) insert; pfizer animal health, berlin, germany] for 7d. the protruding tail had been removed f ...201222818458
phenotypic characteristics and virulence genotypes of trueperella (arcanobacterium) pyogenes strains isolated from european bison (bison bonasus).trueperella (arcanobacterium) pyogenes is an opportunistic animal pathogen, which in european bison is associated with different suppurative infections mainly of the urogenital tract. little is known about the virulence of this bacterium and about the pathogenesis of infections. the main objective of this study was to determine phenotypic properties and virulence genotypes of the twenty-five t. pyogenes strains isolated from lesions in various tissues of free-living european bison. classical bac ...201222658663
a novel diagnostic technique to determine uterine health of holstein cows at 35 days postpartum.the objectives were (1) to evaluate the association of uterine lavage sample optical density (ulsod) with uterine health, and (2) to estimate and evaluate a threshold value that will maximize the accuracy of ulsod as a diagnostic tool for clinical endometritis. the study enrolled 1,742 cows from 3 dairy farms located near ithaca, new york. the samples were collected at 35 ± 3 d in milk (dim) by using low-volume uterine lavage. cows with a purulent or mucopurulent secretion in the sample were dia ...201222365216
clinical presentation, auscultation recordings, ultrasonographic findings and treatment response of 12 adult cattle with chronic suppurative pneumonia: case study.auscultation is considered the critical component of the veterinary clinical examination for the diagnosis of bovine respiratory disease but the accuracy with which adventitious sounds reflect underlying lung pathology remains largely unproven. modern portable ultrasound machines provide the veterinary practitioner with an inexpensive, non-invasive tool with which to examine the pleural surfaces and superficial lung parenchyma. simultaneous recording of sounds overlying normal lung and defined p ...201323547784
sensitive and rapid detection of trueperella pyogenes using loop-mediated isothermal amplification method.here we report the design and evaluation of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) assay for detecting trueperella pyogenes dna based on the plo gene sequence that encodes pyolysin. the results showed that target dna was amplified specifically and with a detection limit 100-fold greater than pcr.201323517678
in vitro and in vivo expression of virulence genes in trueperella pyogenes based on a mouse model.trueperella pyogenes is an important opportunistic pathogen causing a number of pyogenic infections in ruminants and other animals. this microorganism expresses several extracellular virulence proteins that contribute to its pathogenic potential. to investigate the expression levels of haemolytic exotoxin pyolysin, neuraminidases, collagen-binding protein and fimbriae of t. pyogenes in routine culture and infection process, 10 t. pyogenes isolates which simultaneously harbored ftsy, plo, cbpa, f ...201323415031
virulence determinants and biofilm production among trueperella pyogenes recovered from abscesses of captive forest musk deer.trueperella pyogenes (formerly arcanobacterium) is commonly isolated from domesticated or wild ruminants as an opportunistic pathogen. to investigate the role of virulence determinants (vds) and biofilm production in t. pyogenes isolates, a total of 36 t. pyogenes were collected from abscesses of forest musk deer in miyaluo farm (sichuan province, china). the prevalence of vds and associations with clonal types, antibiotic resistance and biofilm production were analyzed by pcr and bioassay. fina ...201323354327
influence of trueperella pyogenes in uterus on corpus luteum lifespan in cycling cows.to study ovarian responses to long-term intrauterine infusions of trueperella pyogenes (t. pyogenes), 12 nonlacting holstein cows were transcervically infused with 10 ml of a bacterial solution (8-19 × 10(8) colony-forming units/ml), and the uteri of another four cows (control) were similarly infused with sterile physiological saline. infusions were done six times, every 3 days from days 3 to 18 (day 0 = day of spontaneous ovulation). development of ovarian follicles and the cl were monitored wi ...201323312720
presence of escherichia coli, trueperella pyogenes, α-hemolytic streptococci, and coagulase-negative staphylococci and prevalence of subclinical endometritis.subclinical endometritis (sce) has a severe negative effect on reproductive performance of dairy cows. different studies have shown a wide variety of cut points for the polymorphonuclear neutrophilic leukocyte (pmnl) percentage to define sce and differing sampling times. possible risk factors for sce, such as low body condition score, hyperketonemia, and increased haptoglobin concentrations have been demonstrated. the aim of this study was to determine the relationship between bacterial findings ...201323910551
the effect of repeated episodes of bacteria-specific clinical mastitis on mortality and culling in holstein dairy cows.the objective of this study was to estimate the effect of a first and repeated cases of bacteria-specific clinical mastitis (cm) on the risk of mortality and culling in holstein dairy cows. the pathogens studied were streptococcus spp., staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus spp., escherichia coli, klebsiella spp., trueperella pyogenes, others, and no growth on aerobic culture. a total of 50,166 lactations were analyzed from 5 large, high-milk-producing dairy herds in new york state from 2003/200 ...201323769361
determination of ceftiofur derivatives in serum, endometrial tissue, and lochia in puerperal dairy cows with fever or acute puerperal metritis after subcutaneous administration of ceftiofur crystalline free acid.acute puerperal metritis (apm) is one of the most common diseases during the puerperal period. systemic administration of ceftiofur for 5 consecutive days has been shown to be effective for treatment of apm. the objective of this study was to determine concentrations of ceftiofur derivatives in serum, endometrial tissue, and lochia of cows with fever postpartum or apm 4 to 6d after treatment with a single subcutaneous dose of 6.6 mg of ceftiofur crystalline free acid (ccfa)/kg of estimated bw at ...201323261383
identification of pathogens in mastitis milk samples with fluorescent in situ hybridization.traditionally, the bacteriological examination of mastitis milk samples is performed by culture followed by biochemical tests on the cultured bacteria to allow identification of the causative pathogen. depending on the species involved, this classic identification is time-consuming compared to other techniques such as fluorescent in situ hybridization (fish), a culture-independent method that utilizes oligonucleotides (labeled with a fluorophore) that are specific to a string of target dna/rna. ...201323632662
necrotic pharyngitis associated with mycoplasma bovis infections in american bison (bison bison).mycoplasma bovis has emerged as a significant and costly infectious disease problem in bison, generally presenting as severe, caseonecrotic pneumonia. three diagnostic cases in which m. bovis is associated with necrotic pharyngitis in bison are described in the current study. the bacterium was isolated from lesions of the pharynx or lung of 3 american bison (bison bison), at 2 different locations in the upper midwestern united states, with severe, necrotic pharyngeal abscesses. chronic caseonecr ...201323512925
milk haptoglobin, milk amyloid a, and n-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase activity in bovines with naturally occurring clinical mastitis diagnosed with a quantitative pcr test.the associations between quantitative bacteriological results from a real-time pcr test and concentrations of acute-phase proteins (app) and n-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase (nagase) activity in milk in naturally occurring clinical mastitis were investigated. milk app concentrations and nagase activity in clinical mastitis caused by different udder pathogens were studied. the associations between the severity of the clinical signs and concentrations of app and nagase activity were estimated. milk sa ...201323548292
pneumonia in slaughtered sheep in south-western iran: pathological characteristics and aerobic bacterial aetiology.in this study, the lungs of 1,000 sheep carcasses were subjected to gross examination and those suspected to be infected with pneumonia were studied at histopathological level as well as examined for presence of bacteria. pneumonia was detected in 42 (4.2%) carcasses. based on histopathological lesions, 45.24% were affected with suppurative bronchopneumonia, 20.93% with interstitial pneumonia, 11.9% bronchointerstitial pneumonia, 7.14% with fibrinous bronchopneumonia and 2.38% with embolic pneum ...201323564592
haemophilus parasuis serovars isolated from pathological samples in northern italy.from january 2007 to december 2011, a total of 106 haemophilus parasuis strains isolated from pigs were serotyped by agar gel diffusion test (dg). serovar 4 was the most prevalent (24.5%), followed by serovar 13 (19.8%) and serovar 5 (11.3%). twenty-nine strains were non-typeable (27.3%). the strains were divided into two groups, depending on whether they were isolated from specific pathological lesions of systemic disease such as polyserositis, arthritis or meningitis (73 cases of 106) or from ...201322494561
habitat, wildlife, and one health: arcanobacterium pyogenes in maryland and upper eastern shore white-tailed deer populations.understanding the distribution of disease in wildlife is key to predicting the impact of emerging zoonotic one health concerns, especially for wildlife species with extensive human and livestock interfaces. the widespread distribution and complex interactions of white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) with humans suggest deer population health and management may have implications beyond stewardship of the animals. the intracranial abscessation suppurative meningitis (iasm) disease complex in ...201323930157
arcanobacterium pluranimalium leading to a bovine mastitis: species identification by a newly developed pla gene based pcr.we are describing a clinical case of bovine mastitis due to arcanobacterium pluranimalium in a holstein-friesian heifer, delivering bloody milk on the left hindquarter. moreover, we report on the development and evaluation of pcr primers based on the pluranimaliumlysin (pla) gene for the identification of this species. with the primer pair plaf/plar the a. pluranimalium type strain as well as the mastitis isolate 704 revealed a correctly sized amplification product (458 bp), whereas no amplifica ...201323732384
phylogenomics and evolutionary dynamics of the family actinomycetaceae.the family actinomycetaceae comprises several important pathogens that impose serious threat to human health and cause substantial infections of economically important animals. however, the phylogeny and evolutionary dynamic of this family are poorly characterized. here, we provide detailed description of the genome characteristics of trueperella pyogenes, a prevalent opportunistic bacterium that belongs to the family actinomycetaceae, and the results of comparative genomics analyses suggested t ...201425245410
effects of pathogen-specific clinical mastitis on probability of conception in holstein dairy cows.the objective of this study was to estimate the effects of pathogen-specific clinical mastitis (cm), occurring in different weekly intervals before or after artificial insemination (ai), on the probability of conception in holstein cows. clinical mastitis occurring in weekly intervals from 6 wk before until 6 wk after ai was modeled. the first 4 ai in a cow's lactation were included. the following categories of pathogens were studied: streptococcus spp. (comprising streptococcus dysgalactiae, st ...201425173468
pathogen-specific effects on milk yield in repeated clinical mastitis episodes in holstein dairy cows.the objective of this study was to estimate the effects of clinical mastitis (cm) cases due to different pathogens on milk yield in holstein cows. the first 3 cm cases in a cow's lactation were modeled. eight categories of pathogens were included: streptococcus spp.; staphylococcus aureus; coagulase-negative staphylococci (cns); escherichia coli; klebsiella spp.; cases with cm signs but no bacterial growth (above the level detectable by our microbiological procedures) observed in the culture sam ...201424418269
subcutaneous immunization with inactivated bacterial components and purified protein of escherichia coli, fusobacterium necrophorum and trueperella pyogenes prevents puerperal metritis in holstein dairy cows.in this study we evaluate the efficacy of five vaccine formulations containing different combinations of proteins (fimh; leukotoxin, lkt; and pyolysin, plo) and/or inactivated whole cells (escherichia coli, fusobacterium necrophorum, and trueperella pyogenes) in preventing postpartum uterine diseases. inactivated whole cells were produced using two genetically distinct strains of each bacterial species (e. coli, f. necrophorum, and t. pyogenes). fimh and plo subunits were produced using recombin ...201424638139
a study on the nature of association between demodex mites and bacteria involved in skin and meibomian gland lesions of demodectic mange in cattle.the nature of association between demodex mites and bacteria involved in bovine demodectic mange lesions and the normal flora inhabiting the skin of noninfected animals was investigated. demodex bovis and d. ghanensis mites were isolated from the infected purulent material extracted from skin and meibomian gland lesions, respectively. the mites could not be demonstrated in skin brushings or impression smears from the eyes of noninfected cattle. pathogenic bacteria (staphylococcus aureus and stre ...201425177514
investigation of polymerase chain reaction assays to improve detection of bacterial involvement in bovine respiratory disease.bovine respiratory disease (brd) causes severe economic losses to the cattle farming industry worldwide. the major bacterial organisms contributing to the brd complex are mannheimia haemolytica, histophilus somni, mycoplasma bovis, pasteurella multocida, and trueperella pyogenes. the postmortem detection of these organisms in pneumonic lung tissue is generally conducted using standard culture-based techniques where the presence of therapeutic antibiotics in the tissue can inhibit bacterial isola ...201425012080
trueperella pyogenes and escherichia coli as an etiological factor of endometritis in cows and the susceptibility of these bacteria to selected antibiotics.the aim of this study was to determine the percentage of participation of particular species of microorganisms, isolated from the uterus of cows with endometritis and from cows without inflammatory lesions of the uterus, in the same postpartum period. the aim of the study was also to examine how long after parturition non-treated endometritis persists. moreover, antibiotic susceptibility tests were carried out of the bacterial isolates dominating in the uterus. forty cows were included in the st ...201425638979
dynamics of uterine infections with escherichia coli, streptococcus uberis and trueperella pyogenes in post-partum dairy cows and their association with clinical endometritis.the diversity and dynamics of the uterine microbiota of dairy cows are poorly understood although it is becoming increasingly evident that they play a crucial role in the development of metritis and endometritis. fourier-transform infrared (ftir) spectroscopy was used to monitor the bovine microbiota of 40 cows on the day of calving and days 3, 9, 15, and 21 after parturition, and to investigate the associations of selected species with clinical endometritis (ce). trueperella pyogenes (43.5%), e ...201425439441
dynamics of bacteriologic and cytologic changes in the uterus of postpartum dairy cows.the objectives of this study were to characterize clinical, intrauterine, bacteriologic and cytologic changes during the first month after parturition in healthy dairy cows and in cows with subclinical endometritis (se) or clinical endometritis (ce). furthermore, risk factors related to clinical bacteriologic and cytologic findings were determined. a total of 170 calvings were enrolled, and intrauterine samples were collected on days 0, 3, 9, 15, 21, and 28 postpartum using the cytobrush techniq ...201425270027
risk factors for uterine diseases on small- and medium-sized dairy farms determined by clinical, bacteriological, and cytological examinations.the involution process of the postpartum bovine uterus is usually accompanied by invasion of various bacteria. the objectives of this study were to identify the relationship between the postpartum findings as risk factors for clinical endometritis (ce) and subclinical endometritis (se). furthermore, the effects of ce or se on reproductive performance in small- and medium-sized dairy herds were investigated. a total of 400 cows were examined by vaginoscopy for ce at 20 to 30 days postpartum, and ...201425066047
subclinical pulmonary pathogenic infection in camels slaughtered in cairo, egypt.camels migrate between the open boundaries of sudan and egypt either for grazing or for slaughtering. bad hygiene and stress is often related to pulmonary diseases in camels. this study investigated whether camels slaughtered in cairo carried pulmonary infections.201425022303
diagnosis of acute puerperal metritis by electronic nose device analysis of vaginal discharge in dairy cows.the objective of this study was to estimate the diagnostic accuracy of an electronic nose device using vaginal discharge samples to diagnose acute puerperal metritis (apm) in dairy cows. uterine fluid was sampled manually with a gloved hand and under sterile conditions for electronic nose device analysis (day in milk (dim) 2, 5, and 10) and bacteriologic examination (dim 5), respectively, and on additional days, if apm was diagnosed during the daily clinical examinations. a dataset containing sa ...201424746098
optimal insemination and replacement decisions to minimize the cost of pathogen-specific clinical mastitis in dairy cows.mastitis is a serious production-limiting disease, with effects on milk yield, milk quality, and conception rate, and an increase in the risk of mortality and culling. the objective of this study was 2-fold: (1) to develop an economic optimization model that incorporates all the different types of pathogens that cause clinical mastitis (cm) categorized into 8 classes of culture results, and account for whether the cm was a first, second, or third case in the current lactation and whether the cow ...201424534495
development of a multiplex pcr for the identification of major pathogenic bacteria of post-partum endometritis in dairy cows.post-partum period has an important role in cows' breeding due to its effects on reproductive efficiency and subsequent pregnancy. escherichia coli, trueperella pyogenes (arcanobacterium pyogenes), fusobacterium necrophorum and prevotella melaninogenicus are recognized as major pathogens associated with uterine endometrial lesions. the objective of this study was to identify these pathogens using the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) as a culture-independent sensitive method. a total of 172 cows w ...201424325777
endocarditis caused by arcanobacterium pyogenes. 201425269923
identification of trueperella pyogenes isolated from bovine mastitis by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.the present study was designed to investigate the potential of fourier transform infrared (ft-ir) spectroscopy to identify trueperella (t.) pyogenes isolated from bovine clinical mastitis. ft-ir spectroscopy was applied to 57 isolates obtained from 55 cows in a period from 2009 to 2012. prior to ft-ir spectroscopy these isolates were identified by phenotypic and genotypic properties, also including the determination of seven potential virulence factor encoding genes. the ft-ir analysis revealed ...201425133407
trueperella pyogenes infections in swine: clinical course and pathology.trueperella pyogenes is an opportunistic pathogen causing purulent infections in pigs and other animal species. t. pyogenes infections in pigs are local and/or generalized depending on the immune status of the animals, their individual susceptibility and environmental factors. the occurrence of these infections on pig farms causes substantial economic losses in breeding and rearing. in sows from the breeding herd, the disease leads to infertility, embryonic death, abortion, and disorders of the ...201424988872
arcanobacterium pyogenes endocarditis: a case report and literature review.we report the case of a 64-year-old man with arcanobacterium pyogenes endocarditis. the patient presented with dyspnea and asymmetrical progressive quadriparesis. a transthoracic echocardiogram revealed mobile vegetations on both leaflets of his mitral valve measuring 0.5 x 3 cm, thickening of the mitral valve with severe mitral regurgitation due to dehiscence of the papillary muscle to the posterior mitral leaflet. he also had aortic sclerosis with a vegetation measuring 0.5 x 1 cm causing aort ...201424964663
resistance to β-lactam antibiotic may influence nanh gene expression in trueperella pyogenes isolated from bovine endometritis.virulence could be modulated by many instinctive and environmental factors including oxygen, osmolarity and antimicrobial agents. this study aimed to investigate the correlation between drug resistance and the nanh expression in trueperella pyogenes (t. pyogenes). minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) of 6 β-lactam antimicrobial agents (penicillin g, amoxicillin, oxacillin, cefazolin, ceftiofur, and ampicillin) against t. pyogenes were tested by standard broth dilution method according to the ...201424803199
complete genome sequence of trueperella pyogenes, an important opportunistic pathogen of livestock.here, we report the complete genome sequence of trueperella pyogenes tp6375, a strain isolated from the uterus of a dairy cow affected with metritis. the complete circular genome is 2,338,390 bp and contains several genes needed for pathogenicity.201424786956
draft genome sequence of trueperella pyogenes, isolated from the infected uterus of a postpartum cow with metritis.trueperella pyogenes is a common commensal bacterium and an opportunistic pathogen associated with chronic purulent disease, particularly in ruminants. we report here the genome sequence of a t. pyogenes isolate from a severe case of bovine metritis. this is the first full record of a t. pyogenes genome.201424762932
differential endometrial cell sensitivity to a cholesterol-dependent cytolysin links trueperella pyogenes to uterine disease in cattle.purulent disease of the uterus develops in 40% of dairy cows after parturition, when the epithelium of the endometrium is disrupted to expose the underlying stroma to bacteria. the severity of endometrial pathology is associated with isolation of trueperella pyogenes. in the present study, t. pyogenes alone caused uterine disease when infused into the uterus of cattle where the endometrial epithelium was disrupted. the bacterium secretes a cholesterol-dependent cytolysin, pyolysin (plo), and the ...201424478394
endometrial cytology, biopsy, and bacteriology for the diagnosis of subclinical endometritis in grazing dairy cows.the objectives of this study were to assess the agreement between endometrial cytology and uterine biopsy for the diagnosis of subclinical endometritis (send) in grazing dairy cows, the interobserver agreement of the biopsy's readings, and the bacterial population isolated from the uterus of cows having send. in experiment 1, lactating holstein cows (n=44) 31 to 59 d in milk (dim) at sampling were enrolled. clinical endometritis was diagnosed by direct evaluation of vaginal discharge and send by ...201424183683
imaging diagnosis--conventional and functional magnetic resonance imaging of a brain abscess in a goat.a 2-month-old female goat was presented for depressed mental status and multifocal central neurologic signs 3 weeks after hot-iron disbudding. conventional magnetic resonance imaging (mri) findings included a large intra axial mass in the left frontal lobe that was t2 hyperintense and t1 hypointense centrally with a contrast-enhancing peripheral capsule and perilesional t2 hyperintensity. a restrictive pattern was present in diffusion-weighted imaging. magnetic resonance spectroscopy demonstrate ...201423663051
a retrospective study on clinical findings of 7300 cases (2007-2014) of barren female dromedaries.the objective of this study was to investigate the clinical findings in barren female dromedaries examined for different complaints. female camels were examined for repeat breeding with regular heat interval (rb-r, n = 5444), refused mating (rm, n = 1299), repeat breeding with long heat interval (rb-l, n = 489), difficulties or bleeding during mating (dm, n = 53), and for manifestation of male-like behavior (mb, n = 15). the genital tracts of all females were evaluated using transrectal palpatio ...201525935372
isolation and genotypic characterization of trueperella (arcanobacterium) pyogenes recovered from active cranial abscess infections of male white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus).trueperella (arcanobacterium) pyogenes is a causative agent of suppurative infections in domestic and wild animals. in some populations of captive or free-ranging white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus), cranial abscess disease is an important source of mortality in adult males. although the pathogenesis of this disease is poorly understood, t. pyogenes has been isolated from active infections with other opportunistic bacteria. in this study, bacteria associated with cranial abscess infection ...201525831577
influence of pathogenic bacteria species present in the postpartum bovine uterus on proteome profiles.in the first 2-3 weeks after parturition >90% of dairy cows will have some form of uterine infection. uterine contamination with pathogens, such as trueperella (formerly arcanobacterium) pyogenes increases the risk of developing more severe endometritis, which can reduce conception rates. in this study, we compared the uterine proteome of cows infected with trueperella pyogenes with that of uninfected cows, using 2d gel electrophoresis, and identified annexins a1 and a2 (anxa1 and anxa2), apolip ...201524331367
effects of intrauterine infusion of trueperella pyogenes on endometrial mrna expression of proinflammatory cytokines and luteolytic cascade genes and their association with luteal life span in dairy cows.objectives were to determine the effects of intrauterine infusion (iui) of trueperella pyogenes on endometrial expression of proinflammatory cytokines and luteal life span. holstein cows (n = 32) were allocated randomly, in two replicates (15 then 17 cows), to receive one of three treatments on day 5 of the estrous cycle: tp (n = 13), iui containing 10(9) colony-forming units/ml of t. pyogenes; tumor necrosis factor (tnf; n = 9), iui containing 1 μg of tnfα; and control (n = 10), iui of saline s ...201526234463
arcanobacterium pyogenes bacteremia in a man on hemodialysis with central venous catheter. 201526109538
puerperal influence of bovine uterine health status on the mrna expression of pro-inflammatory factors.after parturition, uterine bacterial infections lead to inflammatory processes such as subclinical/clinical endometritis with high prevalence in dairy cows. endometrial epithelial cells participate in this immune response with the production of pro-inflammatory factors. the objective of the present study was to evaluate the endometrial mrna expression pattern of pro-inflammatory factors during a selected postpartum (pp) period. dairy cows with three different uterine health conditions on days 24 ...201526084227
epizootiology of cranial abscess disease in white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) of georgia, usa.intracranial abscess disease is a cause of natural mortality for mature male white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus). most cases of abscesses are associated with bacterial infection by trueperella (arcanobacterium) pyogenes, but a complete understanding of the epidemiology of this disease is lacking. we quantified the effects of individual characteristics, site-specific herd demographics, land cover, and soil variables in estimating the probability of this disease. we examined 7,545 white-tai ...201525984774
epethelial presence of trueperella pyogenes predicts site-level presence of cranial abscess disease in white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus).cranial/intracranial abscess disease is an emerging source of significant mortality for male white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus). most cases of cranial/intracranial abscess disease are associated with infection by the opportunistic pathogen trueperella pyogenes although the relationship between the prevalence of the bacteria and occurrence of disease is speculative. we examined 5,612 hunter-harvested deer from 29 sites across all physiographic provinces in georgia for evidence of cranial ...201525803047
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