Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| feeding rate of larval aedes vexans stimulated by food substances. | feeding rates of fourth instar larvae of aedes vexans were compared by counting substrate filled gut segments after exposure to food or inert particles. food particles (wheat flour, fishmeal or yeast) were ingested approximately 3 times faster than inert particles (kaolin, pumice or synthetic cellulose). aqueous fishmeal extract accelerated ingestion of inert particles to the level of ingestion of food particles, demonstrating gustatory stimulation of larvae. absolute amounts of ingested materia ... | 1985 | 3880266 |
| new answers to malaria problems through vector control? | 1985 | 3886422 | |
| only part of the protoxin gene of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. berliner 1715 is necessary for insecticidal activity. | escherichia coli strains harboring deletion mutations of the insecticidal protoxin gene of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. berliner 1715 were constructed. although these strains did not produce intact protoxin, cell extracts from one of the mutants were extremely toxic to tobacco hornworm (manduca sexta) larvae, indicating that only a part of the protoxin gene is required for insecticidal activity. | 1985 | 3888110 |
| delineation of a toxin-encoding segment of a bacillus thuringiensis crystal protein gene. | crystals of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki hd-1-dipel contain a mr 134,000 protoxin which can be cleaved by proteolysis to a peptide of mr approximately 70,000; this peptide is lethal to lepidopteran larvae. we have analyzed the peptides produced by recombinant escherichia coli strains bearing deletions and fusions of the protoxin gene in order to delineate the portion of the gene which encodes the toxic peptide. the recombinant strains produced the toxic peptide as well as larger peptid ... | 1985 | 3888979 |
| [amino acid and mineral element content and the activity of various enzymes in germinating spores of bacillus thuringiensis]. | changes in the content of dipicolinic acid and mineral elements were studied in the process of bacillus thuringiensis spore germination. the spores released up to 28% of dipicolinic acid and 18% of calcium at the activation stage, and 93 and 91%, respectively, at the initiation stage. at the same time, the content of mg, mn, zn and p decreased while k, na and fe accumulated in the spores. the activities of total and serine proteases, alkaline phosphatase, nadh dehydrogenase and aldolase increase ... | 1985 | 3892244 |
| [determination, by the electro-optical method, of the number of undamaged bacterial cells after extreme exposures]. | the results of electro-optical measurements can be used to determine rapidly how the number of intact cells decreases before and after the action of certain extreme factors. the experiments were conducted with suspensions of escherichia coli and bacillus thuringiensis cells subjected to the action of heat, toluene, ethanol, and freezing. electro-optical measurements can make it possible to assay the relative number of cells with both lethal and sublethal damages. | 1985 | 3903444 |
| protease activation of the entomocidal protoxin of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki. | two isolates of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki were examined which produced different levels of intracellular proteases. although the crystals from both strains had comparable toxicity, one of the strains, lb1, had a strong polypeptide band at 68,000 molecular weight in the protein from the crystal; in the other, hd251, no such band was evident. when the intracellular proteases in both strains were measured, strain hd251 produced less than 10% of the proteolytic activity found in lb1. th ... | 1985 | 3909962 |
| demonstration of a capsule plasmid in bacillus anthracis. | virulent and certain avirulent strains of bacillus anthracis harbor a plasmid, designated pxo2, which is involved in the synthesis of capsules. two classes of rough, noncapsulated (cap-) variants were isolated from the capsule-producing (cap+) pasteur vaccine strains atcc 6602 and atcc 4229. one class was cured of pxo2, and the other class still carried it. reversion to cap+ was demonstrable only in rough variants which had retained pxo2. proof that pxo2 is involved in capsule synthesis came fro ... | 1985 | 3926644 |
| [the activity of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis against black fly larvae under field conditions in south bohemia]. | the effectiveness of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis spore suspension against black fly larvae was tested in two regulated brooks in the ceské budĕjovice district, south bohemia. the sites under study were small, regulated, paved brooks of trapezoidal profile, with vegetation of different density, and with stream flow rates ranging from 40 to 90 cm/sec. lyophilized spores (produced by roger belon) at a final concentration of 1 x 10(5) spores per ml were used. the spore efficacy was deter ... | 1985 | 3927567 |
| prophage induction and filamentation in bacillus thuringiensis caused by the genotoxic mycotoxin aflatoxin b1. | cultures of the lysogenic strain of bacillus thuringiensis var. tolworthi were made in the presence of various drugs. the determination of bacterial size and plaque forming units (by using an indicator strain of b. thuringiensis var. galleriae) as well as colony forming units were then performed. treatment of lysogenic cells by aflatoxin b1: provokes the formation of elongated cells (filamentation); induces a pathway that leads to the induction of prophage. results of the present study indicated ... | 1985 | 3932860 |
| production, isolation, physico-chemical and biological properties of angiolam a, a new antibiotic from angiococcus disciformis (myxobacterales). | angiolam a, a new lactone-lactam antibiotic, was isolated from the culture broth of the myxobacterium angiococcus disciformis strain an d30. it was active against a few gram-positive bacteria and mutant strains of escherichia coli with increased permeability. it appears to interfere with protein synthesis. | 1985 | 3937837 |
| germination of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis spores in the gut of aedes larvae (diptera: culicidae). | 1985 | 3968442 | |
| mating system for transfer of plasmids among bacillus anthracis, bacillus cereus, and bacillus thuringiensis. | to facilitate the analysis of genetic determinants carried by large resident plasmids of bacillus anthracis, a mating system was developed which promotes plasmid transfer among strains of b. anthracis, b. cereus, and b. thuringiensis. transfer of the selectable tetracycline resistance plasmid pbc16 and other plasmids from b. thuringiensis to b. anthracis and b. cereus recipients occurred during mixed incubation in broth. two plasmids, pxo11 and pxo12, found in b. thuringiensis were responsible f ... | 1985 | 3988702 |
| physiological actions of phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase c from bacillus thuringiensis on kb iii cells: alkaline phosphatase release and growth inhibition. | phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase c of bacillus thuringiensis caused the release of alkaline phosphatase from kb iii cells and plasma membrane preparations prepared from the cells. phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase c added to the culture of kb iii cells inhibited cell growth by 30%. the release of alkaline phosphatase induced by phospholipase c was dependent on, or proportional to, the reaction time and the concentrations of the phospholipase c, kb iii cells and plasma membra ... | 1985 | 3992597 |
| laboratory evaluation of an exotoxin from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. morrisoni to horn fly larvae (diptera: muscidae) and mice. | 1985 | 4008744 | |
| enhancement of intrinsic antitumor activity in spore-endotoxin mixtures of bacillus thuringiensis by exposure to ultraviolet radiation. | 1985 | 4011697 | |
| effect of sublethal bacillus thuringiensis crystal endotoxin treatment on the larval midgut of a moth, manduca: sem study. | the effect of a single, sublethal dose of b. thuringiensis crystal endotoxin on the midgut of the moth manduca sexta larvae was monitored during acute and recovery stages. initially both goblet and columnar cells swelled. many columnar cells produced membrane extrusions. in some cases the affected cells ruptured, extruding cellular debris into the midgut lumen. following the acute stage, the midgut tissue recovered, the damaged cells being extruded into the midgut lumen apparently as newly regen ... | 1985 | 4012768 |
| conjugal plasmid transfer in bacillus thuringiensis. | 1985 | 4015577 | |
| in vivo mobility of fatty acid end groups of bacillus thuringiensis plasma membrane lipids during growth and sporulation. | the mobility of 13c specifically labeled branched chain end groups of iso-even fatty acids in intact, live bacillus thuringiensis cells was studied by 13c nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. this study apparently represents the first direct observation of branched chain carbon atoms in living cells. end groups were labeled using dl-[beta, delta, delta'-13c]valine as a precursor chain initiator for iso-even fatty acid synthesis after using l-[delta, delta'-14c]l-valine to determine optimal c ... | 1985 | 4019495 |
| nematoda: susceptibility of the egg to bacillus thuringiensis toxins. | crystalline toxins from bacillus thuringiensis israelensis and b.t. kurstaki were lethal in vitro to eggs of the nematode trichostrongylus colubriformis. the ld50 values for the two toxins were 0.38 ng and 37.5 micrograms total protein/ml, respectively. after 1 week at ambient temperature, the ld50 of b.t. kurstaki decreased to less than 4 micrograms/ml. toxin from b.t. israelensis had no effect within 48 hr on survival of adult nematodes or on their feeding in vitro. third-stage larvae of t. co ... | 1985 | 4029351 |
| study on the pathogenecity of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis h-14 strain against silkworm, bombyx mori under laboratory conditions. | 1985 | 4031438 | |
| [effect of the concentration and number of anopheles stephensi larvae on their mortality as affected by bacillus thuringiensis]. | 1985 | 4033543 | |
| [changes in the cellular reactivity of guinea pigs sensitized with bacillus thuringiensis]. | changes in the cell-mediated responsiveness of the body under the action of different variants of b. thuringiensis have been studied in experiments on guinea pigs. the data thus obtained indicate that the development of sensitization occurs in the animals, which is manifested by the increase of the sensitivity of leukocytes to the specific allergen and by the increase of the phagocytic activity of peritoneal macrophages. the most pronounced changes in the immune responsiveness of guinea pigs hav ... | 1985 | 4036418 |
| the efficacy of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis against larvae of the blackfly odagmia ornata (meig.) (simuliidae) at low temperatures. | the effect of the suspension of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis spores on larvae of the blackfly odagmia ornata was studied in the laboratory and under field conditions of a natural biotope in southern bohemia. the preparation moskitur was used and its effect was tested in laboratory at temperatures 0.1-2.9 degrees c and 17-19 degrees c. although o. ornata larvae were able to filter feed on a lethal dose of the preparation even at a lower temperature than 2.9 degrees c, no marked manifes ... | 1985 | 4043865 |
| susceptibility of larval and adult simulium vittatum (diptera: simuliidae) to the solubilized parasporal crystal of bacillus thuringiensis israelensis. | 1985 | 4045942 | |
| [growth and development kinetics of bacillus thuringiensis in batch culture]. | the kinetics of bacillus thuringiensis growth and its assimilation of nutrient substances were studied under the conditions of batch cultivation in a complex medium containing yeast extract and in a chemically defined medium with amino acids. the growth of b. thuringiensis can be divided into five phases: exponential growth; decelerated growth; stationary phase when protein crystals are formed; stationary phase when spores are formed; lysis of sporangia releasing spores. the first phase may in t ... | 1985 | 4058325 |
| [biological characteristics of the variants of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. galleriae formed during continuous culture]. | bacillus thuringiensis subsp. galleriae s. variants formed during continuous cultivation differ from the parent culture in certain properties. in contrast to the parent r form, their growth in the chemostat does not yield virulent mutants which can cause their lysis on solid media. the chemostat s forms are resistant against virulent phage mutants produced when the r variants are grown under the conditions of continuous cultivation and against a virulent phage obtained from the parent culture 69 ... | 1985 | 4058330 |
| molecular cloning and the nucleotide sequence of the mr 28 000 crystal protein gene of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis. | the mr 28.000 crystal protein gene of bacillus thuringiensis subspecies israelensis has been cloned into pbr322 as part of a 9.7 kb hindiii fragment. from hybridization experiments of recombinant p425 dna with b.t. subspecies israelensis rna from different stages of growth it was concluded that transcription of the gene is restricted to early sporulation stages. nucleotide sequence analysis revealed the presence of a large open reading frame with a coding capacity of 249 amino acids (mr 27.340). ... | 1985 | 4070003 |
| trichostrongylus colubriformis: egg lethality due to bacillus thuringiensis crystal toxin. | a toxin from crystals of bacillus thuringiensis israelensis was lethal in vitro to eggs of the ruminant nematode trichostrongylus colubriformis, with an ld50 of 1.8 ng/ml. larval viability declined after a 2-hr exposure to b. t. israelensis and was dependent on the development period of eggs prior to exposure. alkaline solubilization suggested that the insecticidal delta-endotoxin of b. t. israelensis was not responsible for nematicidal activity. filtration of the toxin through 0.2- or 0.45-micr ... | 1985 | 4076387 |
| bacitracin increases size of parasporal crystals and spores in bacillus thuringiensis. | the effect of bacitracin on bacillus thuringiensis is described. when added after the end of the exponential phase, it produces a marked increase in the size of spores and parasporal crystals. the cultures to which the antibiotic was added are able to produce more crystal proteins than non-treated cultures. the protein composition of crystals from bacitracin-treated cultures is the same as that of crystals purified from control cultures. | 1985 | 4079914 |
| [possible means for increasing exotoxin synthesis by a bacillus thuringiensis culture--the producer of bitoxibacillin]. | various procedures were studied for obtaining bacillus thuringiensis strains of serotype i which synthesized exotoxins. mutant clones with elevated exotoxin synthesis could be selected by treating the cells with n-methyl-n-nitro-n-nitrosoguanidine. the frequency of (+) variant selection was from 17 to 12 x 10(-2). the clones of s and r types differed in the insecticide activity of the exotoxin. its yield could be increased by optimizing the composition of growth media. the strain specificity of ... | 1985 | 4088103 |
| electron probe x-ray microanalysis of the effects of bacillus thuringiensis var kurstaki crystal protein insecticide on ions in an electrogenic k+-transporting epithelium of the larval midgut in the lepidopteran, manduca sexta, in vitro. | an alkaline hydrolysate of bacillus thuringiensis var kurstaki hd1 (btk) parasporal crystals was administered at 25 micrograms ml-1 (f.c.) to isolated, short-circuited, midguts of tobacco hornworm (manduca sexta) larvae. the short-circuit current (s.c.c.), a precise measure of k+ active transport, was inhibited by 78% in 10 min in btk-treated midguts as compared to controls. the elemental concentrations of k, together with na, mg, p, s, cl and ca, as well as the water content, were determined by ... | 1985 | 2411741 |
| bacteriophages of bacillus polymyxa. | virulent bacteriophages of colistin--producing bacillus polymyxa strains were studied. the phages were found to differ in lytic spectrum and were active only against strains of b. polymyxa. they did not attack other strains of the genus bacillus. the virulent bacteriophages belong to two morphological groups differing in size. the size of the dna of the bacteriophages of both groups is similar and ranges from 74.9 x 10(6) to 87.8 x 10(6) daltons. the cells of different b. polymyxa strains were a ... | 1985 | 2412400 |
| the amino acid sequence of a crystal protein from bacillus thuringiensis deduced from the dna base sequence. | we have determined the nucleotide sequence of a 4222-base segment of dna which contains the promoter, the coding region, and the terminator of a crystal protein gene cloned from a bacillus thuringiensis plasmid. a sequence of 1176 amino acids encoding a mr 133,500 peptide was deduced from the single open reading frame. this protein-coding region was analyzed for codon usage, predicted hydropathy, and predicted secondary structure. examination of the base sequence revealed the presence of several ... | 1985 | 2581950 |
| stability of the larvicidal activity of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis: amino acid modification and denaturants. | the bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis mosquito larvicidal toxin is not a sulfhydryl-activated toxin. the protein disulfide bonds were cleaved and blocked without loss of toxicity. in contrast, modification of the lysine side chains eliminated toxicity. additionally, the toxin was resistant to high concentrations of salt (8 m nabr), organic solvents (40% methanol), denaturants (4 m urea), and neutral detergents (10% triton x-100). however, it was inactivated by both positively and negativ ... | 1985 | 2868691 |
| diversity of protein inclusion bodies and identification of mosquitocidal protein in bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis. | bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis produces, during sporulation, protein inclusion bodies of wide ranging sizes, all of which are toxic to mosquitoes. two proteins are present in the smallest protein bodies (less than 0.2 micron dia.), but the number of proteins increases with increasing size of protein bodies. the largest bodies (greater than 1.5 micron dia.) contain seven proteins. all of the proteins are synthesized at different times during sporulation and are added to developing prot ... | 1985 | 2858207 |
| separation of the cytolytic and mosquitocidal proteins of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis. | the cytolytic and mosquitocidal proteins of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis were isolated from parasporal crystals and subsequently separated from each other. the proteins were separated by gel filtration chromatography and their molecular weights were estimated by both gel filtration chromatography and sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. the apparent molecular weights of the mosquitocidal protein and the cytolytic protein were estimated to be 65,000 daltons and 28,000 daltons, res ... | 1985 | 2858208 |
| [natural strains of bacillus thuringiensis berliner pathogenic for blood-sucking mosquitoes]. | 1985 | 2863743 | |
| larvicidal activity of bacillus thuringiensis serotype h-14 on certain egyptian mosquito species. | 1985 | 2865318 | |
| identification of the peptides of the crystals of bacillus thuringiensis var israelensis involved in the mosquito larvicidal activity. | tryptic digestion of the proteins from the purified crystals of b.thuringiensis var israelensis resulted in the decline of high molecular weight peptides without the loss of mosquito larvicidal activity, measured after immobilization of the digests with deae- sephadex a 50 beads. amongst the peptides generated (less than 44 kda), a 21 kda peptide was immunoreactive to the crystal antiserum. analysis of the peptides released from spores of the toxic (cry+) and non-toxic (cry-) strains has reveale ... | 1985 | 2865953 |
| delta endotoxin of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis. | from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis, a proteinase-resistant protein was purified which exhibited toxicity to larval mosquitoes and cultured mosquito cells, lysed erythrocytes, and was lethal to mice. to extract the protein, a sporulating culture of b. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis was treated with alkali, neutralized, and incubated with trypsin and proteinase k. it was then purified by gel filtration and deae column chromatography. up to 240 micrograms of toxic protein was purified ... | 1985 | 2981808 |
| potential implication of genetic engineering and other biotechnologies to insect control. | 1985 | 2982312 | |
| recent aspects of genetic manipulation in bacillus thuringiensis. | the conjugative plasmid pam beta 1 was transferred from streptococcus faecalis to several strains of bacillus thuringiensis by a filter-mating process. from a transconjugant clone of b. thuringiensis a hybrid plasmid resulting from an in vivo insertion into pam beta 1 of a 3 md dna sequence was isolated. this 3 md dna molecule (th sequence) is related to several host plasmids found in different serotypes of b. thuringiensis. a reciprocal conjugation-like process involving the transfer of pam bet ... | 1985 | 2986731 |
| molecular cloning of the delta-endotoxin gene of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis. | a transformant of bacillus megaterium, vb131, was isolated which carries a 6.3-kb xbai segment of the crystal toxin gene of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (bti) cloned in a vector plasmid pbc16 to yield pvb131. the chimeric plasmid dna from vb131 was introduced into a transformable bacillus subtilis strain by competence transformation. both the b. megaterium vb131 strain and the b. subtilis strain harboring the chimeric plasmid produced irregular, parasporal, phase-refractile, crystalli ... | 1985 | 2987085 |
| nucleotide sequence coding for the insecticidal fragment of the bacillus thuringiensis crystal protein. | the insecticidal crystal protein (icp) gene, icp, from a 68-kb plasmid derived from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. sotto was cloned in escherichia coli. the icp expression in e. coli cells was confirmed by both immunological and insect-toxicity assays of the cell extract. the entire icp gene resides in the 6.6-kb psti fragment, which codes for a 144-kdal peptide identical to the intact icp, as determined by its size and reaction with anti-icp antibody. deletion analysis further revealed that the ... | 1985 | 2989108 |
| ectoenzyme release from rat liver and kidney by phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase c. | ectoenzyme release from rat liver and kidney by phosphatidylinositol (pi)-specific phospholipase c of bacillus thuringiensis was studied. alkaline phosphatase and 5'-nucleotidase were released from rat kidney slices to extents of up to 60% and 30%, respectively. release of alkaline phosphatase was observed at lower amounts of pi-specific phospholipase c than that of 5'-nucleotidase. both enzymes were more easily released from microsomal fractions or free cells. from kidney cells, alkaline phosph ... | 1985 | 2991210 |
| delta endotoxin inhibits rb+ uptake, lowers cytoplasmic ph and inhibits a k+-atpase in manduca sexta che cells. | delta endotoxin, a 68 kilodalton protein isolated from bacillus thuringiensis spp. kurstaki, is a potent entomocidal agent that alters a k+ current across midgut tissue of many phytophagous insects. this toxin completely inhibited the vanadate-sensitive 86rb+ uptake and mimicked the vanadate-induced decrease in cytosolic ph in a cell line (che) originating from manduca sexta embryonic tissue. the toxin also inhibited a k+-sensitive-atpase in the plasma membranes isolated from these cells. using ... | 1985 | 2993627 |
| restriction endonuclease mapping of three plasmids from bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis. | restriction endonuclease cleavage site maps have been constructed of plasmids ptx14-1, ptx14-2, and ptx14-3 from bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (bti). | 1985 | 2998931 |
| characterized full-length and truncated plasmid clones of the crystal protein of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki hd-73 and their toxicity to manduca sexta. | bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki hd-73 produces a crystal protein which is lethal to many lepidopteran larvae. the gene encoding this crystal protein has been isolated from a 75-kb plasmid and engineered into a recombinant escherichia coli plasmid for analysis. the complete nucleotide sequences of the coding region and 387-bp 5' and 376-bp 3' to the coding region have been determined. the 3537-bp of the coding region specify a protein of mr 133 330. the full-length gene and several 3' -tru ... | 1985 | 3000881 |
| the story of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (b.t.i.). | the isolation and the characteristics of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis is reviewed. included in the review are full descriptions of the nomenclature, mosquito target range of this potent mosquitocidal bacterium, as well as the genetics and biochemistry of the toxins. | 1985 | 2906651 |
| efficacy and field evaluation of bacillus thuringiensis (h-14) and b. sphaericus against floodwater mosquitoes in california. | the microbial control agents bacillus thuringiensis (h-14) and b. sphaericus were evaluated in laboratory and field against psorophora columbiae. bacillus sphaericus strain 2362 was also tested in the field against aedes melanimon. psorophora columbiae was slightly more susceptible than culex quinquefasciatus to active strains of b. sphaericus. the lc90 for active strains ranged from 0.013 to 0.069 mg/liter. in field trials, aqueous suspensions of primary powder of b. sphaericus 2362 and 1593 yi ... | 1985 | 2906673 |
| factors affecting distribution of bacillus thuringiensis serotype h-14 during flooding of rice fields. | 1985 | 2906679 | |
| the future of mosquito-borne diseases in the world. | the future of mosquito-borne diseases will depend on the improvements and implementation of chemotherapy and vaccination, as well as on biological and integrated control measures. bacillus thuringiensis h-14, b. sphaericus, lagenidium giganteum and other fungi are promising biological mosquito control agents. other control measures include parasitoids, nematodes, larvivorous fish, toxorhynchites mosquitoes, insect viruses, growth hormones, sex attractants, natural products, sanitation, and water ... | 1985 | 2906682 |
| micro-lipid-droplet encapsulation of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis delta-endotoxin for control of mosquito larvae. | the crystal delta-endotoxin of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis is less toxic to larvae of anopheles freeborni than to larvae of aedes aegypti. however, when solubilized crystal was used, larvae from both species showed similar sensitivities. this effect presumably was due to the differences in feeding behavior between the two mosquito larvae when crystal preparations are used. a procedure is described whereby both crystal and solubilized b. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis toxin were e ... | 1985 | 3002272 |
| nucleotide sequence and structural organization of an insertion sequence element (is231) from bacillus thuringiensis strain berliner 1715. | this paper describes the structural organization of a repetitive dna sequence isolated from plasmids of bacillus thuringiensis strain berliner 1715. dna sequence analysis of this repetitive sequence (rs) revealed all the characteristic features of an insertion sequence (is). this 1656-bp element is delineated by two 20-bp inverted repeats which are flanked by two 11-bp direct repeats. a long open reading frame spans almost the entire sequence and is preceded by potential transcriptional and tran ... | 1985 | 3004978 |
| evaluation of slow-release formulations of temephos (abate) and bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis for the control of aedes aegypti in puerto rico. | formulations of temephos (abate) and bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (b.t.i.) on corncob and dried coconut husk carriers were tested for slow-release insecticide properties against aedes aegypti larvae in puerto rico. granular formulations of 5% and 10% temephos gave continuous larval control in used automobile tires for 27 to 124 days and 34 to 162 days, respectively. temephos on radial sections of corncob and coconut husk chips gave good larval control in tires for 27 to 63 and 61 to 1 ... | 1985 | 2466106 |
| evaluation of methoprene, temephos and bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis against coquillettidia perturbans larvae in minnesota. | temephos, bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (b.t.i.) and methoprene were tested for larval control of coquillettidia perturbans. neither temephos nor b.t.i. treatments at their maximum recommended dosages consistently reduced larval numbers. larval emergencies were reduced 99% in test plots treated with experimental, controlled release methoprene briquets (altosid sr-10). breeding sites of cq. perturbans in a 5,000 km2 area were treated using methoprene briquets in the 1984 season. adult p ... | 1986 | 2466954 |
| vegetative expression of the delta-endotoxin genes of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki in bacillus subtilis. | bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki total dna was digested with bglii and cloned into the bamhi site of plasmid puc9 in escherichia coli. a recombinant plasmid, phbhe, expressed a protein of 135,000 daltons that was toxic to caterpillars. a hincii-smai double digest of phbhe was then ligated to bglii-cut plasmid pbd64 and introduced into bacillus subtilis by transformation. the transformants were identified by colony hybridization and confirmed by southern blot hybridization. a 135,000-dalton ... | 1986 | 3007434 |
| action of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis delta-endotoxin on the ultrastructure of the house fly larva neuromuscular system in vitro. | 1986 | 3007633 | |
| bacillus thuringiensis and related insect pathogens. | 1986 | 3007957 | |
| specificity of bacillus thuringiensis var. colmeri insecticidal delta-endotoxin is determined by differential proteolytic processing of the protoxin by larval gut proteases. | the native crystal delta-endotoxin produced by bacillus thuringiensis var. colmeri, serotype 21, is toxic to both lepidopteran (pieris brassicae) and dipteran (aedes aegypti) larvae. solubilization of the crystal delta-endotoxin in alkaline reducing conditions and activation with trypsin and gut extracts from susceptible insects yielded a preparation whose toxicity could be assayed in vitro against a range of insect cell lines. after activation with aedes aegypti gut extract the preparation was ... | 1986 | 3009187 |
| solubilization of trehalase from rabbit renal and intestinal brush-border membranes by a phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase c. | trehalase (ec 3.2.1.28) associated with renal and intestinal brush-border membranes was solubilized by highly purified phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase c (ec 3.1.4.10) from bacillus thuringiensis, but not by phosphatidylcholine-hydrolyzing phospholipase c (ec 3.1.4.3) from clostridium welchii or phospholipase d (ec 3.1.4.4) from cabbage. the solubilized trehalase was not adsorbed on phenyl-sepharose, indicating that it was hydrophilic. phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase c als ... | 1986 | 3011506 |
| structural similarity between the lepidoptera- and diptera-specific insecticidal endotoxin genes of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. "kurstaki" and "israelensis". | a gene from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. "israelensis" was cloned from the large plasmids of this subspecies and was shown to code for a mosquitocidal polypeptide. the gene could be expressed in either escherichia coli, bacillus subtilis, or b. thuringiensis subsp. "israelensis" to produce the larvicidal activity. similarly, a lepidoptera-specific toxin gene from b. thuringiensis subsp. "kurstaki" was also cloned and expressed in e. coli and b. subtilis. both cloned genes were sequenced and sub ... | 1986 | 3011746 |
| alkaline phosphodiesterase i release from eucaryotic plasma membranes by phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase c. i. the release from rat organs. | from various rat organs, alkaline phosphodiesterase i was liberated by the action of phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase c obtained from bacillus thuringiensis. especially, a large amount of alkaline phosphodiesterase i was released from slices of small intestine, testis, lung, and kidney, but not from pancreas and liver. the release of the enzyme induced by phospholipase c was dependent on, or proportional to, the reaction time and the concentrations of the phospholipase c and the weigh ... | 1986 | 3011761 |
| cloning and expression of the lepidopteran toxin produced by bacillus thuringiensis var. thuringiensis in escherichia coli. | the bacillus thuringiensis var. thuringiensis strain 3a produces a proteinaceous parasporal crystal toxic to larvae of a variety of lepidopteran pests including spodoptera littoralis (egyptian cotton leaf worm), heliothis zeae, h. virescens and boarmia selenaria. by cloning of individual plasmids of b. thuringiensis in escherichia coli, we localized a gene coding for the delta-endotoxin on the b. thuringiensis plasmid of about 17 kb designated ptn4. following partial digestion of the b. thuringi ... | 1986 | 3013729 |
| identification of tn4430, a transposon of bacillus thuringiensis functional in escherichia coli. | the mobile genetic element tn4430, originating from the gram-positive bacterium, bacillus thuringiensis, and previously described as the th-sequence, is the first transposon isolated from the genus bacillus. in the present work a gene (aph-iii) conferring resistance to kanamycin was inserted into this 4.2 kb transposon. transposition experiments showed that tn4430 omega aph-iii could transpose in the gram-negative host escherichia coli when its insertion functions were supplied by an intact copy ... | 1986 | 3018445 |
| [bacillus thuringiensis--an agent for the biological control of culicidae]. | 1986 | 3018901 | |
| three classes of homologous bacillus thuringiensis crystal-protein genes. | four homologous genes encoding insecticidal crystal proteins from bacillus thuringiensis have been cloned in escherichia coli. differences in lengths of hindiii restriction fragments containing the 5' ends of the genes allowed the identification of three classes termed the '4.5- and 5.3- and 6.6-kb-class genes'. a survey of 24 strains from subspecies kurstaki and thuringiensis revealed strains containing one, two, or three of these classes of crystal protein genes. the 4.5- and 6.6-kb-class gene ... | 1986 | 3019835 |
| structural and functional analysis of a cloned delta endotoxin of bacillus thuringiensis berliner 1715. | a plasmid-encoded crystal protein gene (bt2) has been cloned from bacillus thuringiensis berliner 1715. in escherichia coli, it directs the synthesis of the 130-kda protein (bt2) which is toxic to larvae of pieris brassicae and manduca sexta. comparison of the deduced amino acid sequence of this bt2 protein with the b. thuringiensis kurstaki hd1 dipel, b. thuringiensis kurstaki hd73 and b. thuringiensis sotto crystal protein sequences suggests that homologous recombination between the different ... | 1986 | 3023091 |
| tn5-mediated integration of the delta-endotoxin gene from bacillus thuringiensis into the chromosome of root-colonizing pseudomonads. | gene replacement mediated by tn5 sequences was used to integrate the bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki hd-1 delta-endotoxin gene (tox) into the chromosome of two corn root-colonizing strains of pseudomonas fluorescens. a tn5 transposase deletion element containing the tox gene (delta tn5-tox) was substituted for a tn5 element previously present in the p. fluorescens chromosome. two classes of delta tn5-tox elements were made. the first class encodes kanamycin resistance in addition to the t ... | 1986 | 3023294 |
| bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis delta-endotoxin. nucleotide sequence and characterization of the transcripts in bacillus thuringiensis and escherichia coli. | the nucleotide sequence of a 1408 base-pair dna fragment encoding the insecticidal 27,340 mr delta-endotoxin of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis has been determined by analysis of a recombinant plasmid from escherichia coli. the hydropathy plot of the protein shows it to be highly hydrophobic, consistent with a postulated cytolytic mechanism of action for the toxin. in addition, the delta-endotoxin transcriptional start points that are used in b. thuringiensis and an e. coli recombinant h ... | 1986 | 3025452 |
| bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis delta-endotoxin. cloning and expression of the toxin in sporogenic and asporogenic strains of bacillus subtilis. | a plasmid-borne gene from bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis encoding a 27,340 mr insecticidal delta-endotoxin has been cloned on a bifunctional multicopy plasmid in a wild-type sporogenic strain and two asporogenic mutants of bacillus subtilis. the delta-endotoxin gene is expressed at a low level during vegetative growth in all three strains, but the synthesis of the toxin increases markedly during the third hour of stationary phase for both the sporogenic strain and an asporogenic mutant ... | 1986 | 3025453 |
| purification and characterization of the active fragment from bacillus thuringiensis delta-toxin. | limited tryptic hydrolysis of a partially purified delta-toxin (mr = 100,000) from bacillus thuringiensis, has produced a polypeptide fragment of mr = 60,000 containing the full biological activity. the fragment was the only polypeptide observed in the polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis of the delta-toxin after treatment with trypsin and could be purified by deae-cellulose chromatography. amino acid and partial sequence analyses indicate that the 60,000 mr fragment has been derived from the mid- ... | 1986 | 3026371 |
| integration of the delta-endotoxin gene of bacillus thuringiensis into the chromosome of root-colonizing strains of pseudomonads using tn5. | the delta-endotoxin gene (tox) from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki hd-1 was cloned into tn5 and the resulting tn5-tox element transposed from a vector plasmid into the chromosome of six corn-root-colonizing strains of pseudomonas fluorescens and agrobacterium radiobacter. chromosomal integration of the tox gene maximized stability and minimized the potential for horizontal transfer of the tox gene to other bacterial species. expression of the tox gene was demonstrated by western blot ana ... | 1986 | 3026918 |
| characterization and partial purification of a plasma membrane receptor for bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki lepidopteran-specific delta-endotoxin. | the lepidopteran-specific p1 delta-endotoxin of bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki hd-1 was activated in vitro using insect gut proteases and found to be highly specific for the lepidopteran cell line choristoneura fumiferana cf1 among a wide range of lepidopteran and dipteran cell lines tested. the toxicity of p1 against cf1 cells is inhibited by n-acetylgalactosamine (galnac), and the lectins soybean agglutinin (sba) and wheat-germ agglutinin. protein blotting was used to identify a glycopro ... | 1986 | 3027110 |
| structurally related bacillus thuringiensis delta-endotoxins display major differences in insecticidal activity in vivo and in vitro. | many strains within the 22 serotypes of bacillus thuringiensis produce crystal delta-endotoxins with slight differences in their insecticidal toxicity spectrum in vivo. since the basis of this specificity is unknown, we chose to compare the activity of delta-endotoxins from three strains: b. thuringiensis var. kurstaki hd-1, var. aizawai hd-249 and var. thuringiensis hd-350, both in vivo and on insect cell lines in vitro. immunoblotting with antisera to activated var. kurstaki p1 lepidopteran to ... | 1986 | 3027111 |
| binding and activity of bacillus thuringiensis delta-endotoxin to invertebrate cells. | fluorescein isothiocyanate was used as a label to detect delta-endotoxin of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. thuringiensis and israelensis in binding studies with different in vitro cell systems. protoxin of the subspecies thuringiensis could be labelled directly whereas the activated toxin had to be traced indirectly with labelled antibodies. both protoxin and activated toxin bound to primary midgut cell cultures of pieris brassicae larvae as well as to cells of an established culture of drosophil ... | 1986 | 3028295 |
| [cleavage of dna from 2 phages of bacillus thuringiensis by ecori and hindiii endonucleases]. | the dna of two bacillus thuringiensis phages was restricted by endonucleases ecori and hindiii and the electrophoretic distribution of the fragments in agarose gel was studied. ecori was shown to restrict the dna of phage 1-97a into 8 fragments and the dna of phage 1-97b into 12 fragments. restriction with hindiii results in the formation of 22 and 9 fragments for phage 1-97a and phage 1-97b, respectively. the molecular mass of the dnas determined by summing up ecori restricts is 80.87 mda for p ... | 1986 | 3029552 |
| alkaline phosphodiesterase i release from eucaryotic plasma membranes by phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase c. ii. the release from brush border membranes of porcine intestine. | ectoenzyme release from porcine intestinal brush border membranes by phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase c of bacillus thuringiensis was studied. alkaline phosphodiesterase i, alkaline phosphatase and 5'-nucleotidase were released from both slices and brush border membranes. the pattern of alkaline phosphodiesterase i release was the same as that of alkaline phosphatase. the release of alkaline phosphodiesterase i induced by phospholipase c was dependent on, or proportional to, the react ... | 1986 | 3029900 |
| [biochemical manifestations of the poisoning of larvae of aedes aegypti (insecta, diptera) by the delta-endotoxin of bacillus thuringiensis israelensis. i. hemolymph carbohydrates]. | the glycemia of 4th instar larvae of aedes aegypti (diptera culicidae) was determined over a 30 min to 36 hrs period following their immersion in water containing 0.00-0.01-0.02-0.1-1.0 mg per liter of a 12,000 i. u. per mg preparation of the delta-endotoxin of bacillus thuringiensis israelensis. seven major carbohydrate fractions were separated in the haemolymph, among which glycogen, trehalose and glucose were identified; the most concentrated of the 4 remaining unknown fractions, exhibits a s ... | 1986 | 3030517 |
| characterization of the genes encoding the haemolytic toxin and the mosquitocidal delta-endotoxin of bacillus thuringiensis israelensis. | the crystalline parasporal inclusions (crystals) of bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (bti), which are specifically toxic to mosquito and black fly larvae, contain three main polypeptides of 28 kda, 68 kda and 130 kda. the genes encoding the 28 kda protein and the 130 kda protein have been cloned from a large plasmid of bti. escherichia-coli recombinant clones containing the 130 kda protein gene were highly active against larvae of aedes aegypti and culex pipiens, while b. subtilis recombinant ... | 1986 | 3031426 |
| delta endotoxin is a potent inhibitor of the (na,k)-atpase. | a 68-kda protein, delta endotoxin, produced by bacillus thuringiensis ssp. kurstaki inhibits ion transport, (na,k)-atpase, and k+-p-nitrophenylphosphatase activity catalyzed by the na+ pump. the ki for inhibition of the k+-p-nitrophenylphosphatase activity of purified dog kidney (na,k)-atpase was approximately 0.37 microm. delta endotoxin had a similar ki for inhibition of (na,k)-atpase activity when assayed at low na+ concentration (10 mm) but the inhibition was reversed when high concentration ... | 1986 | 3003059 |
| two different parasporal inclusions are produced by bacillus thuringiensis subsp. finitimus. | bacillus thuringiensis subsp. finitimus produced at least two parasporal inclusions. one inclusion was formed within the exosporium and remained with the spore after mother cell lysis. a second inclusion formed somewhat later exterior to the exosporium. each inclusion contained a major polypeptide of about 135,000 daltons with unique antigenic determinants. this subspecies contained only two plasmids, of 98 and 77 megadaltons (mda). strains cured of these plasmids produced only the free inclusio ... | 1986 | 3001026 |
| microbial control of black flies and mosquitoes. | 1986 | 2867736 | |
| effects of bacillus sphaericus 1593 and 2362 spore/crystal toxin on cultured mosquito cells. | 1986 | 2869088 | |
| [results of the trials of a preparation of bac. thuringiensis h-14 strain bts-393]. | 1986 | 2870421 | |
| further evidence for the role of 26 kda peptide as mosquito larvicidal principle of the crystalline delta endotoxin of bacillus thuringiensis var israelensis. | separation of the toxic and non-toxic subunits of the crystals of b. thuringiensis var israelensis, in native gels has revealed that the toxic subunit contained predominantly 26 kda peptide, while the non-toxic subunit was made up of 66 kda and other larger molecular weight peptides. tryptic digestion of the crystal proteins and their separation on a deae-cellulose column, resulted in the generation of a fraction with a 21 kda peptide, exhibiting larvicidal and hemolytic activities and immunorea ... | 1986 | 2872888 |
| effectiveness of bacillus thuringiensis serotype h-14 on certain egyptian mosquito species in small ditches. | 1986 | 2873191 | |
| effects of phospholipases c on the beta-receptor-adenylate cyclase system of chick erythrocyte membranes. | the beta-adrenergic receptor located in chick erythrocyte membranes was characterized using (-)-[3h]-dihydroalprenolol ([3h]-dha) with rapid filtration techniques. the affinity of beta-adrenergic antagonist, (-)-propranolol, was approximately 100-fold higher than that of (+)-propranolol. catecholamines were bound with the receptor in the following order, (-)-isoproterenol greater than (-)-norepinephrine greater than (-)-epinephrine, suggested the binding site to be beta 1-classification. when th ... | 1986 | 2875718 |
| efficacy of a slow release formulation of bacillus thuringiensis h. 14 against mosquito larvae. | 1986 | 2875944 | |
| [effect of delta-endotoxin of bacillus thuringiensis israëlensis on biochemical functional relationships in diptera aedes aegypti]. | a study of the action of very low doses of the delta-endotoxin of bacillus thuringiensis israëlensis on the larvae of aedes aegypti (diptera) gave evidence for peculiar properties of the dose/effect relations based on the variations of the regression slopes of functional relationships between the pairs cysteine/serine and fatty acids/histidine, by contrast with the pair fatty acids/glucose which exhibited a classical shaped relation. this indicates "crypto-toxicological" processes, not lethal by ... | 1986 | 2876759 |
| effects of intra- and extracellularly applied phospholipases c on excitability of squid giant axons. | the effects of phospholipases c on the membrane excitability of the squid giant axon were investigated using phosphatidylcholine-hydrolyzing phospholipase c and sphingomyelinase c of bacillus cereus, and phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase c of bacillus thuringiensis. when the squid axon was perfused internally with phosphatidylcholine-hydrolyzing phospholipase c in kf or k-glutamate solution, the action potential was blocked in 4-7 min and membrane resistance decreased with time to a le ... | 1986 | 2877512 |
| sporulation-dependent phagelike particles in inclusion-forming bacillus species. | phagelike particles, which have been observed in sporulated cells of bacillus medusa, were found to appear at about late stage ii in all subspecies of bacillus thuringiensis toxic to mosquito larvae. all phagelike particles were similar in size and shape and when purified possessed capsid proteins of similar molecular weights and immune reaction. the synthesis of the major capsid protein occurred at the same time as complete phagelike particles were detected by electron microscopy. the productio ... | 1986 | 2424582 |
| biological control of mosquitoes by the larvicidal activity of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis delta endotoxin. | bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (b.t.i.) is a promising, safe toxic agent for control of mosquitoes, but the rapid disappearance of its toxicity makes its use in practice economically unattractive. the lack of evidence for b.t.i. multiplication in water also makes the natural ecology of b.t.i. puzzling. the observation that mosquito larvae readily cannibalize carcasses of b.t.i.-killed larvae, and that the carcasses become toxic to scavenging larvae provides a possible solution to this p ... | 1986 | 2436447 |
| [influence of various ions in sporulation and the formation of delta-endotoxin in bacillus thuringiensis cultures]. | this paper deals with studies related to the influence of several ions on growth, spore formation and endotoxin formation by a bacillus thuringiensis hd-1 strain commonly used for bioinsecticide production. two basal media (4 and 5, table 1) containing glucose, (nh4)2 so4, phosphates and yeast extract or bacto peptone as organic nitrogen sources were supplemented with several ions in different concentrations, as shown in table 1. the experiments were conducted in 1000 ml erlenmeyer flasks, conta ... | 1986 | 2825241 |
| isolation of a relatively nontoxic 65-kilodalton protein inclusion from the parasporal body of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis. | ultrastructural studies of the mosquitocidal bacterium bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis revealed that the parasporal body contained three major inclusion types, designated types 1, 2, and 3, which could be differentiated on the basis of electron opacity and size and, to some extent, shape. the type-2 inclusion, which was of moderate electron density and often appeared as a bar-shaped polyhedral body, was isolated on nabr gradients from purified parasporal bodies and characterized by sod ... | 1986 | 3944061 |
| a field evaluation of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis as a biological control agent for simulium chutteri (diptera:nematocera) in the middle orange river. | bacillus thuringiensis berliner var. israelensis de barjac (serotype h-14) (b.t.i.) at a concentration of 1.6 ppm/10 min and a toxicity of 1500 aau/mg was tested against simulium chutteri lewis larvae in the orange river near prieska, south africa. samples of benthic fauna from the stones-in-current biotope were collected before application of the product and at various intervals up to 80 h afterwards at 4 stations from 200 m to 11 km downstream of the application site. fauna drift increased sli ... | 1986 | 3960491 |
| plasmids and crystal toxin production in bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis. | 1986 | 3471064 | |
| thin layer chromatography overlay technique in the analysis of the binding of the solubilized protoxin of bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki to an insect glycosphingolipid of known structure. | the hypothesis tested was that a particular glycoconjugate(s) in the exposed cell-surface membrane of susceptible insect cells acts as a receptor and/or modulator for the specific interaction with the protoxin/activated toxin of the delta-endotoxin of bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki. as candidates, the total neutral and acidic fraction glycolipids, and the isolated neutral glycosphingolipid components, were screened for binding activity by the thin layer chromatogram overlay technique. the ... | 1986 | 3506816 |
| effects of sublethal exposure to bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis on larval development and adult size in aedes aegypti. | the effects of exposure to sublethal concentrations of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (serotype h-14) on second instar aedes aegypti larvae were investigated. a test system was developed in which adverse effects would be detected as increased duration of larval development and decreased adult body size. no evidence of negative effects on survivors could be detected when sufficient b.t.i. dosages were applied to kill approximately half of the larvae in the treatment groups. however, when ... | 1986 | 3507506 |