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An analysis of temperature adaptation in cold active, mesophilic and thermophilic Bacillus a-amylases.A comparative biochemical and structural study was performed on a cold active a-amylase from Bacillus cereus (BCA) and two well-known homologous mesophilic and thermophilic a-amylases from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (BAA) and Bacillus licheniformis (BLA). In spite of a high degree of sequence and structural similarity, drastic variations were found for T(opt) as 50, 70 and 90°C for BCA, BAA and BLA, respectively. The half-lives of thermoinactivation were 1 and 9 min for BCA and BAA at 80°C respe ...201121907234
[isolation and identification of a bacillus amyloliquefaciens yb-3 against rhizoctonia solani].an antagonistic bacterial strain yb-3 against rhizoctonia solani was isolated from soils.201122097779
Elucidation of the Molecular Mechanisms of Action of the Natural Antimicrobial Peptide Subtilosin Against the Bacterial Vaginosis-associated Pathogen Gardnerella vaginalis.Subtilosin A is a 35-amino acid long cyclical peptide produced by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens that has potent antimicrobial activity against a variety of human pathogens, including the bacterial vaginosis-related Gardnerella vaginalis. The specific mode of action of subtilosin against G. vaginalis was elucidated by studying its effects on the proton motive force's (PMF) components: transmembrane electric potential (??), transmembrane pH gradient (?pH), and intracellular ATP levels. The addition o ...201121949544
distinct differentiation of closely related species of bacillus subtilis group with industrial importance.pcr amplification of 16s rrna gene by universal primers followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis using rsai, cfoi and hinfi endonucleases, distinctly differentiated closely related bacillus amyloliquefaciens, bacillus licheniformis and bacillus pumilus from bacillus subtilis sensu stricto. this simple, economical, rapid and reliable protocol could be an alternative to misleading phenotype-based grouping of these closely related species.201121889958
comparative structural bioinformatics analysis of bacillus amyloliquefaciens chemotaxis proteins within bacillus subtilis group.chemotaxis is a process in which bacteria sense their chemical environment and move towards more favorable conditions. since plant colonization by bacteria is a multifaceted process which requires a response to the complex chemical environment, a finely tuned and sensitive chemotaxis system is needed. members of the bacillus subtilis group including bacillus amyloliquefaciens are industrially important, for example, as bio-pesticides. the group exhibits plant growth-promoting characteristics, wi ...201121993479
biodegradation of soil-applied pesticides by selected strains of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (pgpr) and their effects on bacterial growth.a laboratory study was conducted to investigate the influence of four pgpr strains on the degradation of five soil applied pesticides and their effects on bacterial growth. interactions of bacillus subtilis gb03, bacillus subtilis fzb24, bacillus amyloliquefaciens in937a and bacillus pumilus se34 with two concentrations of acibenzolar-s-methyl, metribuzin, napropamide, propamocarb hydrochloride and thiamethoxam in liquid culture and soil microcosm were studied. the degradation of acibenzolar-s-m ...201121870159
purification and characterization of levansucrases from bacillus amyloliquefaciens in intra- and extracellular forms useful for the synthesis of levan and fructooligosaccharides.the intra- and extracellular levansucrase (ls) activities produced by bacillus amyloliquefaciens were promoted by supplementing the sucrose medium with yeast and peptone as nitrogen sources. these activities were purified by polyethylene glycol (peg) fractionation for the first time. pegs of low molecular weight selectively fractionated the intracellular ls activity rather than the extracellular ls activity. contrary to other lss, b. amyloliquefaciens lss exhibited high levan-forming activity ov ...201121979064
Improved thermostable a-amylase activity of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens by low-energy ion implantation.Thermostable a-amylase is of great importance in the starch fermentation industry; it is extensively used in the manufacture of beverages, baby foods, medicines, and pharmaceuticals. Bacillus amyloliquefaciens produces thermostable a-amylase; however, production of thermostable a-amylase is limited. Ion-beam implantation is an effective method for mutation breeding in microbes. We conducted ion-beam implantation experiments using two different ions, Ar(+) and N(+), to determine the survi ...201121968725
construction and characterization of a fusion +¦-1,3-1,4-glucanase to improve hydrolytic activity and thermostability.a new fusion gene (bgl-licmb), encoding +¦-1,3-1,4-glucanase both from bacillus amyloliquefaciens (bgl) and clostridium thermocellum (licmb), was constructed via end-to-end fusion and expressed in escherichia coli to improve hydrolytic activity and thermostability of +¦-1,3-1,4-glucanase. the results of enzymatic properties showed that the catalytic efficiency (k(cat)/k(m)) of the fusion enzyme for oat +¦-glucan was 2.7 and 20-fold higher than that of the parental bgl and licmb, respectively, an ...201121735259
[controlling effect of antagonist bioorganic fertilizer on tomato root-knot nematode].indoor in vitro culture experiment and greenhouse pot experiment were conducted to evaluate the capabilities of three bacterial strains xz-173 (bacillus amyloliquefaciens), sl-25 (b. gibsonii), and ks-62 (paenibacillus polymyxa) that can hydrolyze collagen protein in controlling tomato root-knot nematode. in the in vitro culture experiment, suspensions of xz-173, sl-25, and ks-62 induced a mortality rate of 75.9%, 66.7%, and 50.0% to the second-stage junior nematode within 24 h, and decreased th ...201121774329
overproduction of bacillus amyloliquefaciens extracellular glutamyl-endopeptidase as a result of ectopic multi-copy insertion of an efficiently-expressed mpr gene into the bacillus subtilis chromosome.plasmid-less, engineered bacillus strains have several advantages over plasmid-carrier variants. specifically, their stability and potential ecological safety make them of use in industrial applications. as a rule, however, it is necessary to incorporate many copies of a key gene into a chromosome to achieve strain performance that is comparable to that of cells carrying multiple copies of a recombinant plasmid.201121819557
thermodynamic and molecular analysis of the abrb-binding sites within the phyc-region of bacillus amyloliquefaciens fzb45.abrb is a global regulator of transition state that is known to repress more than 100 genes in bacillus species. although abrb is involved in the regulation of most cellular processes, a conserved binding motif seems to be elusive. thus, the mechanism of abrb-mediated transcriptional control is still unclear. in our previous work we identified two separate abrb-binding sites within phytase gene region (phyc) of bacillus amyloliquefaciens fzb45, whose integrity is essenti ...201122183144
Extracellular production of cycloisomaltooligosaccharide glucanotransferase and cyclodextran by a protease-deficient Bacillus subtilis host-vector system.A cycloisomaltooligosaccharide (CI; cyclodextran) production system was developed using a Bacillus subtilis expression system for the cycloisomaltooligosaccharide glucanotransferase (CITase) gene. The CITase gene of Bacillus circulans T-3040, along with the a-amylase promoter (PamyQ) and amyQ signal sequence of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, was cloned into the Bacillus expression vector pUB110 and subsequently expressed in B. subtilis strain 168 and its alkaline (aprE) and neutral (nprE) protease- ...201122075636
Structures of building blocks in clusters of sweetpotato amylopectin.f,ß-Limit dextrins of domains and clusters of sweetpotato amylopectin were subjected to extensive hydrolysis by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens a-amylase to release building blocks and reveal the internal structures of clusters. The composition of building blocks was analyzed by size-fractionation, gel permeation chromatography, and high performance anion exchange chromatography. Different domains and clusters had structurally similar building blocks with around three chains per building block and in ...201122070830
complete genome sequence of bacillus amyloliquefaciens xh7, which exhibits production of purine nucleosides.here, we report the complete annotated genome sequence of bacillus amyloliquefaciens xh7, which is used to produce purine nucleosides in industry. the genome sequence will allow for the characterization of the molecular mechanisms underlying its beneficial properties.201121914895
Directed evolution improves the fibrinolytic activity of nattokinase from Bacillus natto.Nattokinase (subtilisin NAT, NK) is a relatively effective microbial fibrinolytic enzyme that has been identified and characterized from Bacillus natto. In the current report, DNA family shuffling was used to improve the fibrinolytic activity of nattokinase. Three homologous genes from B. natto AS 1.107, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens CICC 20164 and Bacillus licheniformis CICC 10092 were shuffled to generate a mutant library. A plate-based method was used to screen the mutant libraries for improved ...201122029857
Wild-type and feedback-resistant phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthetases from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens: purification, characterization, and application to increase purine nucleoside production.Bacillus strains are used for the industrial production of the purine nucleosides inosine and guanosine, which are raw materials for the synthesis of the flavor enhancers disodium inosinate and disodium guanylate. An important precursor of purine nucleosides is 5-phospho-a-D: -ribosyl-1-pyrophosphate, which is synthesized by phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthetase (PRS, EC 2.7.6.1). Class I PRSs are widespread in bacteria and mammals, are highly conserved among different organisms, and are negat ...201122083279
A Rapid Microbioassay for Discovery of Antagonistic Bacteria for Phytophthora parasitica var. nicotianae.A simple, rapid, small-scale microbioassay for infection of tobacco seedlings by Phytophthora parasitica var. nicotianae was developed here. This assay uses tobacco seedlings cultivated in Petri dishes for a standardized method for quantitation of initial zoospore inocula and high-throughput screening of antagonistic bacteria. Zoospore inocula between 102 to 105 spores per Petri dish were inoculated on 14-day-old tobacco seedlings for the susceptibility test. One thousand zoospores' treatment wa ...201122046969
transcriptome profiling of degu expression reveals unexpected regulatory patterns in bacillus megaterium and discloses new targets for optimizing expression.the first whole transcriptome assessment of a bacillus megaterium strain provides unanticipated insights into the degsu regulon considered to be of central importance for exo-enzyme production. regulatory patterns as well as the transcription of degsu itself deviate from the model organism bacillus subtilis; the number of degu-regulated secretory enzymes is rather small. targets for productivity optimization, besides degsu itself, arise from the unexpected degu-dependent induction of the transit ...201121935588
complete genome sequence of bacillus amyloliquefaciens ta208, a strain for industrial production of guanosine and ribavirin.here, we report the complete genome sequence of bacillus amyloliquefaciens ta208, a strain for industrial production of guanosine and synthesis of ribavirin by assimilation of formamide. comparison of its genome sequence with those of strains dsm7 and fzb42 revealed horizontal gene transfer represented by unique prophages and restriction-modification systems and indicated significant accumulation of guanosine.201121515778
enhancement of extracellular purine nucleoside accumulation by bacillus strains through genetic modifications of genes involved in nucleoside export.using a simple method to introduce genetic modifications into the chromosome of naturally nontransformable bacillus, a set of marker-free inosine-producing and 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide (aica) ribonucleoside-producing bacillus amyloliquefaciens strains has been constructed. these strains differ in expression levels of the genes responsible for nucleoside export. overexpression of b. amyloliquefaciens pbue and heterologous expression of escherichia coli nepi, which encode nucleoside efflux t ...201120814730
influence of inoculation with plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (pgpr) on tomato plant growth and nematode reproduction under greenhouse conditions.numerous species of soil bacteria which flourish in the rhizosphere of plants or around plant tissues stimulate plant growth and reduce nematode population by antagonistic behavior. these bacteria are collectively known as pgpr (plant growth promoting rhizobacteria). the effects of six isolates of pgpr pseudomonas putida, pseudomonas fluorescens, serratia marcescens, bacillus amyloliquefaciens, bacillus subtilis and bacillus cereus, were studied on tomato plant growth and root knot nematode repr ...201223961220
transcriptomic profiling of bacillus amyloliquefaciens fzb42 in response to maize root exudates.plant root exudates have been shown to play an important role in mediating interactions between plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (pgpr) and their host plants. most investigations were performed on gram-negative rhizobacteria, while much less is known about gram-positive rhizobacteria. to elucidate early responses of pgpr to root exudates, we investigated changes in the transcriptome of a gram-positive pgpr to plant root exudates.201222720735
Synthesis of silver nanoparticles by solar irradiation of cell-free Bacillusamyloliquefaciens extracts and AgNO(3).Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were obtained by solar irradiation of cell-free extracts of Bacillusamyloliquefaciens and AgNO(3). Light intensity, extract concentration, and NaCl addition influenced the synthesis of AgNPs. Under optimized conditions (solar intensity 70,000lx, extract concentration 3mg/mL, and NaCl content 2mM), 98.23±0.06% of the Ag(+) (1mM) was reduced to AgNPs within 80min, and the ?-potential of AgNPs reached -70.84±0.66mV. TEM (Transmission electron microscopy) and XRD (X-ray ...201222019398
The species-specific mode of action of the antimicrobial peptide subtilosin against Listeria monocytogenes Scott A.Aims: To elucidate the molecular mechanism of action of the antimicrobial peptide subtilosin against the foodborne pathogen Listeria monocytogenes Scott A. Methods and Results: Subtilosin was purified from a culture of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. The minimal inhibitory concentration of subtilosin against L. monocytogenes Scott A was determined by broth microdilution method. The effect of subtilosin on the transmembrane electrical potential (??) and pH gradient (?pH), and its ability to induce ...201222040458
The plant-associated Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strains MEP(2) 18 and ARP(2) 3 capable of producing the cyclic lipopeptides iturin or surfactin and fengycin are effective in biocontrol of sclerotinia stem rot disease.Aims: This work was conducted to identify the antifungal compounds produced by two previously isolated Bacillus sp. strains: ARP(2) 3 and MEP(2) 18. Both strains were subjected to further analysis to determine their taxonomic position and to identify the compounds responsible for their antifungal activity as well as to evaluate the efficiency of these strains to control sclerotinia stem rot in soybean. Methods and Results: The antifungal compounds were isolated by acid precipitation of cell-fr ...201222017648
does the applicability of bacillus strains in probiotics rely upon their taxonomy?the taxonomic position and biological activities of two bacillus strains used in veterinary probiotics were studied in this work. these microorganisms inhibit growth of a broad spectrum of pathogenic cultures. they synthesize proteolytic enzymes and other biologically active metabolites, and to some extent, supplement each other with probiotic activities. it is not clear whether these versatile activities are properties of individual strains or bacterial taxa as whole. 16s rrna comparisons wer ...201222257263
evidence regarding the hypothesis that the histidine-histidine contact pairs may affect protein stability.it has been lately proposed that the interaction between like-charged residues stabilizes the native state of proteins. to explore this, we created a histidine-histidine pair in the ca-iii binding site of the bacillus amyloliquefaciens α-amylase (baa) and then examined the impact of this pairing on the baa. for this purpose, we used site-directed mutagenesis (sdm) to substitute pro407 with his, ala, gln, arg, and glu in the baa. subsequently, thermostability, kinetic parameters and structural pr ...201222257446
response surface methodology optimization of fermentation conditions for rapid and efficient accumulation of macrolactin a by marine bacillus amyloliquefaciens esb-2.in the present work, an antibiotic-producing marine bacterium was isolated from a seawater sample collected from yuhuan, zhejiang, china, identified and named as bacillus amyloliquefaciens esb-2 on the basis of phenotypic characteristics and 16s rrna gene sequencing. response surface methodology was applied to optimize the fermentation conditions for rapid and efficient accumulation of macrolactin a, a pharmacologically important marine antibiotic. eight fermentation conditions were examined for ...201223275049
production of the α-glycosidase inhibitor 1-deoxynojirimycin from bacillus species.1-deoxynojirimycin (dnj), a potent α-glycosidase inhibitor, has therapeutic applications in treatments of hiv, gaucher's disease, and diabetes. dnj has been extracted from natural sources (mulberry leaves) for therapeutic purposes; however, dnj ingredients are in limited supply and are costly to obtain on a large scale. since certain strains of bacillus and streptomyces species reportedly produce dnj, they may serve as potential sources for high-yield dnj production. in this study, we obtained e ...201223265519
a mimicking-of-dna-methylation-patterns pipeline for overcoming the restriction barrier of bacteria.genetic transformation of bacteria harboring multiple restriction-modification (r-m) systems is often difficult using conventional methods. here, we describe a mimicking-of-dna-methylation-patterns (modmp) pipeline to address this problem in three difficult-to-transform bacterial strains. twenty-four putative dna methyltransferases (mtases) from these difficult-to-transform strains were cloned and expressed in an escherichia coli strain lacking all of the known r-m systems and orphan mtases. thi ...201223028379
fast and efficient generation of recombinant baculoviruses by in vitro transposition.a novel recombinant bacmid, beasybac, that enables the easy and fast generation of pure recombinant baculovirus without any purification step was constructed. in beasybac, attr recombination sites were introduced to facilitate the generation of a recombinant viral genome by in vitro transposition. moreover, the extracellular rnase gene from bacillus amyloliquefaciens, barnase, was expressed under the control of the cotesia plutellae bracovirus early promoter to negatively select against the non- ...201223053112
modeling antimicrobial activity of lipopeptides from bacillus amyloliquefaciens es-2 against shewanella putrefaciens in shrimp meat using a response surface method.bacillus amyloliquefaciens es-2 can produce antimicrobial lipopeptides, including surfactin and fengycin. in this study, the model of antimicrobial activity against shewanella putrefaciens in shrimp meat by antimicrobial lipopeptides from b. amyloliquefaciens es-2 was researched by response surface methodology. the results showed that s. putrefaciens had high sensitivity to antimicrobial lipopeptides, which had a mic of 0.6 mg/ml. a quadratic mathematical model representative of the action of an ...201223043837
a surfactin cyclopeptide of wh1fungin used as a novel adjuvant for intramuscular and subcutaneous immunization in mice.wh1fungin, a surfactin cyclopeptide from bacillus amyloliquefaciens wh1, is firstly reported as a novel immunoadjuvant, which can markedly enhance the immune response when given in mixture with antigens. after intramuscular or subcutaneous immunization, wh1fungin can help to induce both of durable humoral and cellular immune response, even as strong as freund's adjuvant. both igg1 and igg2a antigen-specific antibodies were elicited from the immunizations indicating a mixed th1/th2 response. sple ...201222982610
chitin extraction from shrimp shell waste using bacillus bacteria.the ability of six protease-producing bacillus species (bacillus pumilus a1, bacillus mojavencis a21, bacillus licheniformis rp1, bacillus cereus sv1, bacillus amyloliquefaciens an6 and bacillus subtilis a26) to ferment media containing only shrimp shell waste, for chitin extraction, was investigated. more than 80% deproteinization was attained by all the strains tested. however, demineralization rates not exceeding 67% were registered. cultures conducted in media containing shrimp shell waste s ...201222981824
[effects of overexpression of key enzyme genes on guanosine accumulation in bacillus amyloliquefaciens].to study the effects of overexpression of key enzyme genes (prs, purf and guab) on guanosine production in bacillus amyloliquefaciens ta208.201222934352
characterizing a novel strain of bacillus amyloliquefaciens bac03 for potential biological control application.to identify and characterize a bacterial strain bac03, evaluate its biological control activity against potato common scab (streptomyces spp.) and characterize an antimicrobial substance produced by bac03.201222924833
isolation and molecular characterization of a novel strain of bacillus with antifungal activity from the sorghum rhizosphere.we looked for bacterial strains with antifungal activity in the sorghum rhizosphere. a prescreening procedure to search for hemolytic activity among the isolated strains allowed us to detect good fungitoxic activity in a bacterial isolate that we named um96. this bacterial isolate showed strong growth inhibition in bioassays against the pathogens diaporthe phaseolorum, colletotrichum acutatum, rhizoctonia solani, and fusarium oxysporum. the supernatant of isolate um96 also showed strong hemolyti ...201222869080
optimization and scale-up of 2,3-butanediol production by bacillus amyloliquefaciens b10-127.the effects of culture conditions on 2,3-butanediol (2,3-bd) production and its possible scale-up have been studied. a newly isolated bacillus amyloliquefaciens b10-127, belonged to gras microorganisms and showed a remarkable 2,3-bd producing potency, was used for this experiment. corn steep liquor, soybean meal and ammonium citrate were found to be the key factors in the fermentation according to the results obtained from the plackett-burman experimental design. the optimal concentration range ...201222805938
characterization and application of calcium-dependent β-propeller phytase from bacillus amyloliquefaciens ds11.the enzyme phytase has broad biotechnological applications, especially in the reduction of phytate, antinutritional factors that chelate essential minerals, in human and animal food. we investigated the enzymatic properties of β-propeller phytase (bpp) from bacillus amyloliquefaciens ds11. thermal refolding analysis demonstrated that bpp can remarkably restore its enzymatic activity in the presence of 5 mm ca(2+) to 87% of its original activity after heating to 100 °c and subsequent cooling, ind ...201222775008
antifungal activity of bacillus amyloliquefaciens njn-6 volatile compounds against fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense.bacillus amyloliquefaciens njn-6 produces volatile compounds (vocs) that inhibit the growth and spore germination of fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense. among the total of 36 volatile compounds detected, 11 compounds completely inhibited fungal growth. the antifungal activity of these compounds suggested that vocs can play important roles over short and long distances in the suppression of fusarium oxysporum.201222685147
the ultrasound-assisted extraction and identification of antifungal substances from b. amyloliquefaciens strain njn-6 suppressing fusarium oxysporum.the primary mechanism underlying antagonism among microorganisms is the production of antagonistic substances called antibiotics that inhibit the growth of pathogens. in this study, the antagonistic substances produced by the bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain njn-6 that had antifungal activity against fusarium oxysporum were extracted and identified. the active antifungal substance was extracted from dried leavening with ultrasound-assisted extraction (uae), using n -butanol as the extractant. h ...201222581589
improvement of cellulase activity using error-prone rolling circle amplification and site-directed mutagenesis.improvement of endoglucanase activity was accomplished by utilizing error-prone rolling circle amplification, supplemented with 1.7 mm mncl2. this procedure generated random mutations in the bacillus amyloliquefaciens endoglucanase gene with a frequency of 10 mutations per kilobase. six mutated endoglucanase genes, recovered from six colonies, possessed endoglucanase activity between 2.50- and 3.12-folds higher than wild type. we sequenced these mutants, and the different mutated sites of nucleo ...201222561853
investigation on the effects of three x-->histidine replacements on thermostability of alpha-amylase from bacillus amyloliquefaciens.bacillus licheniformis alpha-amylase (bla), a thermophilic counterpart of bacillus amyloliquefaciens alpha-amylase (baa), is an appropriate model for the design of stabilizing mutations in baa. bla has 10 more histidines than baa. considering this prominent difference, in the present study, three out of these positions (i34, q67, and p407; located in the thermostability determinant 1 region and ca-iii binding site of baa) were replaced with histidine in baa, using the site-directed mutagenesis t ...201222561851
diversity of spore-forming bacteria and identification of bacillus amyloliquefaciens as a species frequently associated with the ropy spoilage of bread.this study examines the diversity of spore-forming bacteria isolated from raw materials/bread using molecular methods along with a rapid and innovative technology, the ft-nir spectroscopy. microbiological analysis showed that 23% of semolina and 42% of other raw materials (including grain, brewer yeast, improvers) contained more than 100 spores/g and more than 50% of each kind of sample was contaminated at a level ranging from 1 to 100 spores/g. a high bacterial diversity characterized raw mater ...201222551674
application of fusion protein 4d5 scfv-dibarnase:barstar-gold complex for studying p185her2 receptor distribution in human cancer cells.overexpression of the p185(her2) protein determines the malignancy and unfavorable prognosis of ovarian and breast tumors. in this work, the distribution of p185(her2) in human cancer cells was studied by electron microscopy, using a novel approach. it is based on the interaction between barnase (a ribonuclease from bacillus amyloliquefaciens) and its specific inhibitor barstar. the monoclonal antibody 4d5 scfv to extracellular p185(her2) domain fused with two molecules of barnase was used as a ...201222531627
study of the anti-sapstain fungus activity of bacillus amyloliquefaciens cgmcc 5569 associated with ginkgo biloba and identification of its active components.an endophytic bacterium, designated strain bacillus amyloliquefaciens cgmcc 5569 was isolated from chinese medicinal ginkgo biloba collected from xuzhou, china. both the filtrate and the ethyl acetate extract of strain cgmcc 5569 showed growth inhibition activity against the sapstain fungi lasiodiplodia rubropurpurea, l. crassispora, and l. theobromae obviously (>65%) based on the comparison of the length of zones on the petri dish. from the ethyl acetate extract of the filtrate, the antifungal ...201222520222
medium optimization of antifungal activity production by bacillus amyloliquefaciens using statistical experimental design.in order to overproduce biofungicides agents by bacillus amyloliquefaciens blb371, a suitable culture medium was optimized using response surface methodology. plackett-burman design and central composite design were employed for experimental design and analysis of the results. peptone, sucrose, and yeast extract were found to significantly influence antifungal activity production and their optimal concentrations were, respectively, 20 g/l, 25 g/l, and 4.5 g/l. the corresponding biofungicide prod ...201222509851
use of two bacteria for biological control of bayoud disease caused by fusarium oxysporum in date palm (phoenix dactylifera l) seedlings.the bayoud, caused by fusarium oxysporum f. sp. albedinis (foa), is the most destructive disease of date palm (phoenix dactylifera l) in morocco and algeria, with no effective control strategy yet available. in this work, two bacteria, bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain ag1 (ag) and burkholderia cepacia strain cs5 (cs), were examined for their potential to control this disease. both bacterial strains inhibited both growth and sporulation of foa. they released compounds into the culture medium, wh ...201222480991
metabolites of lactobacillus plantarum 2142 prevent oxidative stress-induced overexpression of proinflammatory cytokines in ipec-j2 cell line.probiotics have already proven beneficial effects in the treatment of several intestinal infections, but the underlying mechanisms how the probiotics can affect responses of porcine ipec-j2 enterocytes to oxidative stress remained to be elucidated. the immunomodulatory effect of five bacterial strains (lactobacillus plantarum 2142, lactobacillus casei shirota, bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis bb-12, bacillus amyloliquefaciens cect 5940 and enterococcus faecium cect 4515) on 1 mm peroxide-t ...201222476971
comment on enhancement of the catalytic activity of a 27 kda subtilisin-like enzyme from bacillus amyloliquefaciens ch51 by in vitro mutagenesis. 201222475247
16s rrna gene sequences analysis of ficus elastica rubber latex degrading thermophilic bacillus strain asu7 isolated from egypt.a thermophilic bacillus strain asu7 was isolated from soil sample collected from assiut governorate in upper egypt on latex rubber-containing medium at 45 °c. genetically, the 16s bacterial ribosomal rna gene of the strain asu7 was amplified by the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and sequenced. the sequence of the pcr product was compared with known 16s rrna gene sequences in the genbank database. based on phylogenetic analyses, strain asu7 was identified as bacillus amyloliquefaciens. the strai ...201222453659
production of lipopeptides by bacillus amyloliquefaciens xz-173 in solid state fermentation using soybean flour and rice straw as the substrate.this work was aimed to produce lipopeptides by bacillus amyloliquefaciens xz-173 in solid state fermentation using agro-industrial byproducts. a central composite design was used to get the highest lipopeptides production. results revealed that the optimal conditions for maximum lipopeptides production were 1.79% starch and 1.91% yeast extract by employing 5.58 g soybean flour and 3.67 g rice straw as the solid substrate with initial ph 7.5, moisture content 55% and a 10% inoculum level at 30°c ...201222418084
efficacy of protected sodium butyrate, a protected blend of essential oils, their combination, and bacillus amyloliquefaciens spore suspension against artificially induced necrotic enteritis in broilers.necrotic enteritis caused by clostridium perfringens leads to serious economical losses to the poultry industry. there is a growing need to find effective, nontoxic, antibiotic alternatives to prevent and cure the disease. in our study, the efficacy of protected sodium butyrate at 1.5 g/kg (bp70), a bacillus amyloliquefaciens spore suspension with 10(9) cfu/g (bal; ecobiol), a protected blend of essential oils (1%) at 1.5 g/kg (eo), and a combination of sodium butyrate with essential oils (1%) p ...201222399722
production of bacillomycin- and macrolactin-type antibiotics by bacillus amyloliquefaciens njn-6 for suppressing soilborne plant pathogens.bacillus amyloliquefaciens strains have been used as biocontrol agents for the suppression of several soilborne plant pathogens. a clearer understanding of the antagonistic mechanisms of action of these bacteria will facilitate their use in the control of plant diseases. antagonistic substances were isolated from the fermentation broth of b. amyloliquefaciens strain njn-6 cultures. these compounds were preconcentrated using an xad-16 column and were purified using reversed-phase high-performance ...201222385216
isolation, identification and characterization of bacillus amyloliquefaciens bz-6, a bacterial isolate for enhancing oil recovery from oily sludge.over 100 biosurfactant-producing microorganisms were isolated from oily sludge and petroleum-contaminated soil from shengli oil field in north china. sixteen of the bacterial isolates produced biosurfactants and reduced the surface tension of the growth medium from 71 to <30 mn m(-1) after 72 h of growth. these bacteria were used to treat oily sludge and the recovery efficiencies of oil from oily sludge were determined. the oil recovery efficiencies of different isolates ranged from 39% to 88%. ...201222365392
isolation of bacillus amyloliquefaciens strains with antifungal activities from meju.bacilli with fibrinolytic activities were isolated from traditionally-prepared meju and some of these strains showed strong antifungal activities. one isolate, mj1-4, showed the strongest antifungal activity. mj1-4 and other isolates were identified as b. amyloliquefaciens strains by reca gene sequencing and rapd-pcr results. b. amyloliqufaciens mj1-4 efficiently inhibited an aspergillus spp.-producing aflatoxin b1 (afb1) and a penicillium spp.-producing ochratoxin (ota) in addition to other fun ...201224471064
genome shuffling of bacillus amyloliquefaciens for improving antimicrobial lipopeptide production and an analysis of relative gene expression using fq rt-pcr.genome shuffling is an efficient approach for the rapid improvement of the yield of secondary metabolites. this study was undertaken to enhance the yield of surfactin produced by bacillus amyloliquefaciens es-2-4 using genome shuffling and to examine changes in srfa expression of the improved phenotype at the transcriptional level. six strains with subtle improvements in lipopeptide yield were obtained from populations generated by ultraviolet irradiation, nitrosoguanidine, and ion beam mutagene ...201222350068
application of denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis to microbial diversity analysis in chinese douchi.douchi is a traditional chinese soybean food which has been consumed for thousands years as an important protein source and flavouring ingredient. studies have rarely been carried out to investigate its microbial composition and these are urgently required for the commercial labels and safety considerations.201222318896
the natural antimicrobial peptide subtilosin acts synergistically with glycerol monolaurate, lauric arginate, and ε-poly-l-lysine against bacterial vaginosis-associated pathogens but not human lactobacilli.subtilosin is a cyclical antimicrobial peptide produced by bacillus amyloliquefaciens that has antimicrobial activity against the bacterial vaginosis-associated human pathogen gardnerella vaginalis. the ability of subtilosin to inhibit g. vaginalis alone and in combination with the natural antimicrobial agents glycerol monolaurate (lauricidin), lauric arginate, and ε-poly-l-lysine was tested using a checkerboard approach. subtilosin was found to act synergistically with all of the chosen antimic ...201222252803
the genome of plant growth-promoting bacillus amyloliquefaciens subsp. plantarum strain yau b9601-y2 contains a gene cluster for mersacidin synthesis.the genome of rhizobacterium bacillus amyloliquefaciens subsp. plantarum yau b9601-y2 was 4.24 mb in size and harbored 3,991 coding sequences (cds). giant gene clusters were dedicated to nonribosomal synthesis of antimicrobial lipopeptides and polyketides. remarkably, cau b946 possessed a gene cluster involved in synthesis of mersacidin.201222628498
the complete genome of bacillus amyloliquefaciens subsp. plantarum cau b946 contains a gene cluster for nonribosomal synthesis of iturin a.the genome of the rhizobacterium bacillus amyloliquefaciens subsp. plantarum cau b946 was 4.02 mb in size and harbored 3,823 genes (coding sequences [cds]). nine giant gene clusters were dedicated to nonribosomal synthesis of antimicrobial compounds. remarkably, strain cau b946 possessed a gene cluster involved in synthesis of iturin a.201222408246
genome sequence of the plant growth promoting strain bacillus amyloliquefaciens subsp. plantarum b9601-y2 and expression of mersacidin and other secondary metabolites.the plant-associated bacillus amyloliquefaciens subsp. plantarum strain b9601-y2, isolated from wheat rhizosphere, is a powerful plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium. its relative large genome size of 4.24mbp, exceeding that of other representatives of the b. amyloliquefaciens subsp. plantarum taxon, is mainly due to the presence of 18 dna-islands containing remnants of phages, a unique restriction modification system, a gene cluster for mersacidin synthesis, and an orphan gene cluster devoted ...201223357245
cloning of a family 11 xylanase gene from bacillus amyloliquefaciens ch51 isolated from cheonggukjang.bacillus amyloliquefaciens ch51, an isolate from cheonggukjang, korean fermented soyfood, secretes several enzymes into culture medium. a gene encoding 19 kda xylanase was cloned by pcr. sequencing showed that the gene encoded a glycohydrolase family 11 xylanase and named xyna. xynahis, xyna with additional codons for his-tag, was overexpressed in escherichia coli bl21(de3) using pet-26b(+). xynahis was purified using histrap affinity column. km and vmax of xynahis were 0.363 mg/ml and 701.1 μmo ...201224293733
[isolation, identification and cellulase production of a cellulolytic bacterium from intestines of giant panda].to isolate and identify the cellulose-producing bacterium from fresh feces of healthy giant pandas, and characterize its cellulase production.201223236845
draft genome sequence of the biocontrol bacterium bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain m27.bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain m27 is a biocontrol agent with antagonistic activities against a wide range of fungal pathogens. here we present the 3.86-mb draft genome sequence of the bacterium with the aims of providing insights into the genomic basis of its antifungal mechanism and facilitating its application in the biocontrol of plant diseases.201223209201
evaluation of indigenous bacterial strains for biocontrol of the frogeye leaf spot of soya bean caused by cercospora sojina.assessment of biological control of cercospora sojina, causal agent of frogeye leaf spot (fls) of soya bean, using three indigenous bacterial strains, bnm297 (pseudomonas fluorescens), bnm340 and bnm122 (bacillus amyloliquefaciens).201222671984
optimization for the production of surfactin with a new synergistic antifungal activity.two of our long term efforts are to discover compounds with synergistic antifungal activity from metabolites of marine derived microbes and to optimize the production of the interesting compounds produced by microorganisms. in this respect, new applications or mechanisms of already known compounds with a high production yield could be continually identified. surfactin is a well-known lipopeptide biosurfactant with a broad spectrum of antimicrobial and antiviral activity; however, there is less k ...201222629294
two-component response regulator degu controls the expression of bacilysin in plant-growth-promoting bacterium bacillus amyloliquefaciens fzb42.the plant-growth-promoting-rhizobacteria bacillus amyloliquefaciens fzb42 possess an enormous potential to synthesize a wide range of antimicrobial, antiviral and nematocidal compounds. one of them, the dipeptide antibiotic bacilysin, is synthesized by fzb42 during exponential growth. here, we have demonstrated that bacilysin is positively regulated by the two-component response regulator degu at the transcriptional level. in addition, scoc (hpr), a transition state regulator, negatively control ...201222677979
identification of the bacteriocin subtilosin a and loss of purl results in its high-level production in bacillus amyloliquefaciens.a mini-tn10 transposon mutagenesis library of strain bacillus amyloliquefaciens bahja nk10 was constructed and one mutant, l4, exhibiting markedly enhanced antagonistic activity against micrococcus luteus, was screened and possessed an inactivated purl gene. a similar antibacterial spectrum was observed for both l4 and wild-type strains, but l4 displayed a markedly strengthened antimicrobial effect. extracts of the corresponding culture media were separated by means of liquid chromatography and ...201222677773
gram-positive rhizobacterium bacillus amyloliquefaciens fzb42 colonizes three types of plants in different patterns.the colonization of three types of different plants, zea mays, arabidopsis thaliana, and lemna minor, by gfp-labeled gram-positive rhizobacterium bacillus amyloliquefaciens fzb42 was studied in gnotobiotic systems using confocal laser scanning microscopy and electron microscopy. it was demonstrated that fzb42 was able to colonize all the plants. on one hand, similar to some gram-negative rhizobacteria like pseudomonas, fzb42 favored the areas such as the concavities in root surfaces and the junc ...201222367935
genome sequence of a plant-associated bacterium, bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain ucmb5036.we announce here the genome sequence of bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain ucmb5036, a plant growth-promoting bacterium isolated from a cotton plant. its genome contains gene clusters involved in nonribosomal synthesis of secondary metabolites known for their antimicrobial activities. the availability of this genome will provide novel insights into plant-bacterium-associated activities.201323516223
identification of up-regulated proteins potentially involved in the antagonism mechanism of bacillus amyloliquefaciens g1.the use of bacillus probiotics has been demonstrated as a promising method in the biocontrol of bacterial diseases in aquaculture. however, the molecular antibacterial mechanism of bacillus still remains unclear. in order to explore the antibacterial mechanism of the potential antagonistic bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain g1, comparative proteomics between b. amyloliquefaciens strain g1 and its non-antagonistic mutant strain was investigated. the 2-dimensional electrophoresis gel maps of their ...201323483288
effects of critical medium components on the production of antifungal lipopeptides from bacillus amyloliquefaciens q-426 exhibiting excellent biosurfactant properties.in this study, influence of three critical parameters nitrogen sources, initial ph and metal ions was discussed in the production of antifungal lipopeptides from bacillus amyloliquefaciens q-426. the results revealed that lipopeptide biosynthesis might have relations with the population density of strain q-426 and some special amino acids. also, the alkali-resistant strain q-426 could grow well in the presence of fe(2+) ions below 0.8 m l(-1) and still maintain the competitive advantage below 0. ...201323329061
role of the salt bridge between arg176 and glu126 in the thermal stability of the bacillus amyloliquefaciens α-amylase (baa).in the bacillus amyloliquefaciens α-amylase (baa), the loop (residues 176-185; region i) that is the part of the calcium-binding site (cai, ii) has two more amino acid residues than the α-amylase from bacillus licheniformis (bla). arg176 in this region makes an ionic interaction with glu126 from region ii (residues 118-130), but this interaction is lost in bla owing to substitution of r176q and e126v. the goal of the present work was to quantitatively estimate the effect of ionic interaction on ...201323314361
industrial waste based compost as a source of novel cellulolytic strains and enzymes.ninety bacteria isolated from raw composting materials were screened for their cellulolytic activity on solid medium containing carboxymethylcellulose. the bacteria producing the highest cellulolytic activity levels were identified by 16s rrna sequencing as bacillus licheniformis strain 1, bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis strain b7b, bacillus subtilis subsp. spizizenii strain 6, and bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain b31c. cellulase activity production by the most productive strain b. amylolique ...201323181595
the highly modified microcin peptide plantazolicin is associated with nematicidal activity of bacillus amyloliquefaciens fzb42.bacillus amyloliquefaciens fzb42 has been shown to stimulate plant growth and to suppress the growth of plant pathogenic organisms including nematodes. however, the mechanism underlying its effect against nematodes remains unknown. in this study, we screened a random mutant library of b. amyloliquefaciens fzb42 generated by the mariner transposon tnylb-1 and identified a mutant strain f5 with attenuated nematicidal activity. reversible polymerase chain reaction revealed that three candidate gene ...201324085393
leaf microbiota of strawberries as affected by biological control agents.the increasing use of biological control agents (bcas) against botrytis cinerea in strawberry raises the question of whether there are any undesirable impacts of foliar applications of bcas on nontarget microorganisms in the phyllosphere. therefore, our objective was to investigate this issue within a field study. strawberry plants were repeatedly sprayed with three bcas-namely, rhizovital 42 fl. (bacillus amyloliquefaciens fzb42), trianum-p (trichoderma harzianum t22), and naturalis (beauveria ...201324020904
effects of bacillus amyloliquefaciens fzb42 on lettuce growth and health under pathogen pressure and its impact on the rhizosphere bacterial community.the soil-borne pathogen rhizoctonia solani is responsible for crop losses on a wide range of important crops worldwide. the lack of effective control strategies and the increasing demand for organically grown food has stimulated research on biological control. the aim of the present study was to evaluate the rhizosphere competence of the commercially available inoculant bacillus amyloliquefaciens fzb42 on lettuce growth and health together with its impact on the indigenous rhizosphere bacterial ...201323935892
the rhizobacterium bacillus amyloliquefaciens subsp. plantarum nau-b3 contains a large inversion within the central portion of the genome.the genome of rhizobacterium bacillus amyloliquefaciens subsp. plantarum strain nau-b3 is 4,196,170 bp in size and harbors 4,001 genes. nine giant gene clusters are dedicated to the nonribosomal synthesis of antimicrobial lipopeptides and polyketides. remarkably, nau_b3 contains a large inversion within the central portion of the genome.201324233590
effect of metals on a siderophore producing bacterial isolate and its implications on microbial assisted bioremediation of metal contaminated soils.a bacterial isolate producing siderophore under iron limiting conditions, was isolated from mangroves of goa. based on morphological, biochemical, chemotaxonomical and 16s rdna studies, the isolate was identified as bacillus amyloliquefaciens nar38.1. preliminary characterization of the siderophore indicated it to be catecholate type with dihydroxy benzoate as the core component. optimum siderophore production was observed at ph 7 in mineral salts medium (msm) without any added iron with glucose ...201323838040
antitumor activity of bacterial exopolysaccharides from the endophyte bacillus amyloliquefaciens sp. isolated from ophiopogon japonicus.the endophytic bacterium, md-b1, was isolated from the medicinal plant ophiopogon japonicas and identified as the bacillus amyloliquefaciens sp. with 99% similarity based on the partial sequence analysis of 16s rdna. exopolysaccharides were extracted from the endophyte for the evaluation of its antitumor activity against gastric carcinoma cell lines (mc-4 and sgc-7901). 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (mtt) assays and microscopy were performed to estimate the cell vi ...201323833642
effect of silver nanoparticles on oryza sativa l. and its rhizosphere bacteria.silver nanoparticles (agnps) are widely used as antibacterial and antifungal agents in agriculture. nevertheless, these nanoparticles with newborn properties pose a potential risk to the environment, due to contact with crops and bacteria that are beneficial to the soil. this study is based on the examination of the phytotoxic effects of agnps on oryza sativa l. and some of its rhizosphere bacteria, by physiological and biochemical assays. in order to study the complex interaction of the agnps l ...201323174269
contribution of bacillomycin d in bacillus amyloliquefaciens sqr9 to antifungal activity and biofilm formation.bacillus amyloliquefaciens strains are capable of suppressing soilborne pathogens through the secretion of an array of lipopeptides and root colonization, and biofilm formation ability is considered a prerequisite for efficient root colonization. in this study, we report that one of the lipopeptide compounds (bacillomycin d) produced by the rhizosphere strain bacillus amyloliquefaciens sqr9 not only plays a vital role in the antagonistic activity against fusarium oxysporum but also affects the e ...201323160135
in silico characterization of a novel β-1,3-glucanase gene from bacillus amyloliquefaciens--a bacterial endophyte of hevea brasiliensis antagonistic to phytophthora meadii.we report the molecular characterization of β-1,3-glucanase-producing bacillus amyloliquefaciens-an endophyte of hevea brasiliensis antagonistic to phytophthora meadii. after cloning and sequencing, the β-1,3-glucanase gene was found to be 747 bp in length. a homology model of the β-1,3-glucanase protein was built from the amino acid sequence obtained upon translation of the gene. the target β-1,3-glucanase protein and the template protein, endo β-1,3-1,4-glucanase protein (pdb id: 3o5s), were f ...201323108702
fermentation of biodiesel-derived glycerol by bacillus amyloliquefaciens: effects of co-substrates on 2,3-butanediol production.cultivation in glycerol instead of sugars inhibits 2,3-butanediol (2,3-bd) production by bacillus amyloliquefaciens. in this study, we report that b. amyloliquefaciens readily produces 2,3-bd from biodiesel-derived glycerol in the presence of beet molasses as a co-substrate. unexpectedly, the molasses stimulated 2,3-bd production and simultaneously reduced the duration of fermentation. productivity of 2,3-bd was enhanced at the start of fermentation, and yields increased under continuous molasse ...201323797331
induction of apoptosis in human cancer cells by a bacillus lipopeptide bacillomycin d.a newly isolated and characterized bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain fiply 3a has been found to produce an extracellular cyclic lipopeptide which structurally resembled bacillomycin d, earlier reported to be produced by bacillus subtilis. the lipopeptide showed a dose dependent killing of three different human cancer cell lines viz. a549 (alveolar adenocarcinoma), a498 (renal carcinoma) and hct-15 (colon adenocarcinoma), while not affecting the normal cell line l-132 (pulmonary epithelial cells) ...201323770444
isolation, identification, and characterization of a cellulolytic bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain ss35 from rhinoceros dung.cellulose hydrolyzing bacteria were isolated from rhinoceros dung and tested for clear zone formation around the colonies on the agar plates containing the medium amended with carboxymethylcellulose as a sole carbon source. isolates were further screened on the basis of carboxymethylcellulase production in liquid medium. out of 36 isolates, isolate no. 35 exhibited maximum enzyme activity of 0.079 u/ml and was selected for further identification by using conventional biochemical tests and phylog ...201323762763
chromosome integration of the vitreoscilla hemoglobin gene (vgb) mediated by temperature-sensitive plasmid enhances γ-pga production in bacillus amyloliquefaciens.oxygen is a limiting factor in the production of γ-pga by the glutamic acid-independent strain bacillus amyloliquefaciens ll3 because of the high viscosity of the culture broth. the vgb gene encoding vitreoscilla hemoglobin (vhb) was introduced into ll3 to overcome the low concentration of dissolved oxygen (do). first, recombinant plasmid pwhv was constructed by cloning vgb into the bacillus expression vector pwh1520 and transformed into ll3. carbon monoxide difference spectral analysis confirme ...201323521121
antagonistic bacterium bacillus amyloliquefaciens induces resistance and controls the bacterial wilt of tomato.bacterial wilt caused by ralstonia solanacearum (rs) is a serious threat for agricultural production. in this study, bacillus amyloliquefaciens strains cm-2 and t-5 antagonistic to rs were used to create bioorganic fertilisers to control tomato wilt under greenhouse conditions. the possible mechanism of resistance inducement by the antagonistic bacteria was also evaluated.201323519834
bacterial traits involved in colonization of arabidopsis thaliana roots by bacillus amyloliquefaciens fzb42.colonization studies previously performed with a green-fluorescent-protein, gfp, labeled derivative of bacillus amyloliquefaciens fzb42 revealed that the bacterium behaved different in colonizing surfaces of plant roots of different species (fan et al., 2012). in order to extend these studies and to elucidate which genes are crucial for root colonization, we applied targeted mutant strains to arabidopsis seedlings. the fates of root colonization in mutant strains impaired in synthesis of alterna ...201325288929
characterisation and profiling of bacillus subtilis, bacillus cereus and bacillus licheniformis by maldi-tof mass fingerprinting.the bacillus genus includes species such as bacillus cereus, bacillus licheniformis and bacillus subtilis, some of which may be pathogenic or causative agents in the spoilage of food products. the main goal of this work was to apply matrix-assisted laser desorption ionisation-time of flight (maldi-tof) mass fingerprinting to the classification of these bacillus species. genetic analyses were also compared to phyloproteomic analyses. a collection of 57 bacillus strains isolated from fresh and pro ...201323200657
enhanced root colonization and biocontrol activity of bacillus amyloliquefaciens sqr9 by abrb gene disruption.root colonization by antagonistic bacteria is a prerequisite for successful biological control, and the instability of colonization under varying environmental conditions has accentuated the need to improve the colonization activity. root colonization by bacillus spp. is mainly determined by chemotaxis and biofilm formation, and both functions are negatively controlled by the global transcription regulator abrb. here, we disrupted the gene abrb in bacillus amyloliquefaciens sqr9, which has been ...201323196984
structural and functional insight into an unexpectedly selective n-methyltransferase involved in plantazolicin biosynthesis.plantazolicin (pzn), a polyheterocyclic, n(α),n(α)-dimethylarginine-containing antibiotic, harbors remarkably specific bactericidal activity toward strains of bacillus anthracis, the causative agent of anthrax. previous studies demonstrated that genetic deletion of the s-adenosyl-l-methionine-dependent methyltransferase from the pzn biosynthetic gene cluster results in the formation of desmethylpzn, which is devoid of antibiotic activity. here we describe the in vitro reconstitution, mutational ...201323878226
curing the plasmid pmc1 from the poly (γ-glutamic acid) producing bacillus amyloliquefaciens ll3 strain using plasmid incompatibility.bacillus amyloliquefaciens ll3 is a glutamate-independent poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-pga) producing strain which consists of a circular chromosome (3,995,227 bp) and an endogenous plasmid pmc1 (6,758 bp). the study of the function of native plasmid and the genome-size reduction of the b. amyloliquefaciens ll3 strain requires elimination of the endogenous plasmid. traditional plasmid-curing procedures using sodium dodecyl sulfate (sds) or acridine orange combined with heat treatment have been shown ...201323873640
bioconversion of p-coumaric acid to p-hydroxystyrene using phenolic acid decarboxylase from b. amyloliquefaciens in biphasic reaction system.phenolic acid decarboxylase (pad) catalyzes the non-oxidative decarboxylation of p-coumaric acid (pca) to p-hydroxystyrene (phs). pad from bacillus amyloliquefaciens (bapad), which showed k (cat)/k (m) value for pca (9.3 × 10³ mm⁻¹ s⁻¹), was found as the most active one using the "subgrouping automata" program and by comparing enzyme activity. however, the production of phs of recombinant escherichia coli harboring bapad showed only a 22.7 % conversion yield due to product inhibition. based on t ...201323081771
iturin levels on wheat spikes linked to biological control of fusarium head blight by bacillus amyloliquefaciens.the trigocor strain of bacillus amyloliquefaciens provides consistent control against fusarium head blight of wheat in controlled settings but there is a lack of disease and deoxynivalenol suppression in field settings. since production of antifungal compounds is thought to be the main mode of action of trigocor control, we quantified levels of a key family of antifungal metabolites, iturins, as well as monitored bacillus populations on wheat spikes over 14 days post-application in both the gree ...201323075168
acetoin production enhanced by manipulating carbon flux in a newly isolated bacillus amyloliquefaciens.a new strain, fmme044, exhibited a remarkable ability to synthesize acetoin and was identified as bacillus amyloliquefaciens. the following characteristics of enzyme activity were found: 2,3-butanediol was reverse transformed to acetoin upon depletion of glucose; lower agitation speeds favored 2,3-butanediol accumulation; and higher agitation speeds favored reverse transformation of 2,3-butanediol to acetoin. in order to enhance acetoin production by manipulating the carbon flux distribution, a ...201323306133
development of a specific real-time pcr assay targeting the poly-γ-glutamic acid synthesis gene, pgsb, for the quantification of bacillus amyloliquefaciens in solid-state fermentation.a taqman real-time pcr procedure was developed for specific detection and quantification of strains belonging to bacillus amyloliquefaciens group. the primer pair pgsb726-f/pgsb791-r and the pgsb-probe were designed from one of the poly-γ-glutamic acid synthesis gene (pgsb) of b. amyloliquefaciens. the detection limit was approximately between 10(2)-10(3) cells/ml. a linear correlation between the log10 input pmd-pgsb plasmid dna copies and the threshold cycle values were observed with a magnitu ...201323266849
preparative isolation and purification of macrolactin antibiotics from marine bacterium bacillus amyloliquefaciens using high-speed counter-current chromatography in stepwise elution mode.preparative high-speed counter-current chromatography (hsccc) was successfully applied to the isolation and purification of two macrolactin antibiotics from marine bacterium bacillus amyloliquefaciens for the first time using stepwise elution with a pair of two-phase solvent systems composed of n-hexane-ethyl acetate-methanol-water at (1:4:1:4, v/v) and (3:4:3:4, v/v). the preparative hsccc separation was performed on 300 mg of crude sample yielding macrolactin b (22.7 mg) and macrolactin a (40. ...201323253117
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