Publications

pathophysiologic basis for the use of third-generation cephalosporins.	after 10 years of use, the third-generation cephalosporins remain excellent antibiotics. they have superior activity against selected streptococcal species compared with other cephalosporins, and superior activity against haemophilus, neisseria, branhamella, and other less common oral gram-negative aerobic species. despite a very broad spectrum of activity, the third-generation cephalosporins, like all other cephalosporins, have only poor activity against enterococci, listeria, corynebacterium j ...	1990	2183607
confirmation of morganella distinction from proteus and providencia among enterobacteriaceae on the basis of cellular and lipopolysaccharide fatty acid composition.		1990	2191036
production of shiga-like toxin among escherichia coli strains and other bacteria isolated from diarrhea in são paulo, brazil.	an elevated level of shiga-like toxin i (slt-i) production was found in 1 of 466 escherichia coli strains studied. among the 34 sonic lysates obtained from classical enteropathogenic e. coli, 5 produced slt-i. the aeromonas, citrobacter, edwardsiella, enterobacter, klebsiella, proteus, providencia, pseudomonas, salmonella, serratia, shigella, yersinia, and vibrio strains also studied were not slt producers, except for a shigella dysenteriae type 1 strain. although slt-i-producing e. coli strains ...	1990	2199511
characterization of enterobacteria by esterase specific-activity profiles.	the spectrum of specific activities and the electrophoretic mobilities of esterases produced by 550 strains of enterobacteriaceae belonging to 36 species and subclassified into six groups (group 1, escherichia coli, shigella and escherichia hermanii; group 2, genus salmonella and genus citrobacter; group 3, genus klebsiella and genus enterobacter; group 4, genus serratia and serratia fonticola; group 5, genus proteus, genus providencia and genus morganella; and group 6, genus yersinia) were anal ...	1990	2202780
in vitro activity and beta-lactamase stability of the new oral cephalosporin bay v 3522.	the activity of the new oral cephalosporin bay v 3522 was compared to that of six other beta-lactam agents. bay v 3522 inhibited methicillin-susceptible staphylococcus aureus and staphylococcus epidermidis at less than or equal to 2 micrograms/ml, compared to mics of greater than or equal to 8 micrograms/ml for the other cephalosporins tested. it was more active against streptococcus pyogenes (mic less than or equal to 0.06 microgram/ml) than cefuroxime, cefixime, cephalexin and cefaclor. groups ...	1990	2226499
bacterial infections in patients with visceral leishmaniasis.	bacterial infections are often seen in patients with visceral leishmaniasis. to determine the incidence of such infection and the more common infectious agents, 30 consecutive patients with visceral leishmaniasis were followed throughout hospitalization. there were 24 episodes of bacterial infection in 18 patients (60%). the incidence of bacterial infections in these patients was 22.2/1000 days of admission. the proportion of patients becoming infected by time was significantly greater in the vi ...	1990	2230265
numerical analysis of electrophoretic protein patterns of morganella morganii strains from faeces, wound, urine and other clinical sources.	sixty-five strains of morganella morganii (mainly of human origin) were characterized by one-dimensional sds-page of cellular proteins. the strains came from various countries; 13 were from stools (including one from a toucan), 13 from wounds, 11 from urine, five from blood (including one from a snake), five from the respiratory tract (four sputum, one lung), 12 from miscellaneous sources and six from unknown sources. the protein patterns, which contained 45 to 50 discrete bands, were highly rep ...	1990	2246146
influence of temperature on beta-lactamase production and outer membrane proteins in gram-negative rods.	the influence of temperature (ranging from 28 to 42 degrees c) was studied on the phenotypic expression of chromosomally mediated beta-lactamases in gram-negative clinical isolates and in their beta-lactamase-depressed resistant counterparts. the enzymes were expressed most intensely at lower temperatures (28 or 32 degrees c). in most strains the enzyme was barely detectable at growth temperatures of 42 degrees c independent of the inducer employed. the release of the enzyme into the surrounding ...	1990	2253497
[bacterial flora of the oral cavity, fangs and venom of bothrops jararaca: possible source of infection at the site of bite].	culture of fang, fang sheath and venom of fifteen healthy freshly captured bothrops jararaca were analyzed. the bacteria most frequently encountered were group d streptococci (12 snakes), enterobacter sp. (6), providencia rettgeri (6), providencia sp. (4), escherichia coli (4), morganella morganii (3) and clostridium sp. (5). the bacteria observed are similar to those found in the abscesses from bothrops bitten patients. since these snake mouth bacteria may be inoculated during the snake bite, b ...	1990	2259834
antibody coated bacteria in urine of patients with recent spinal injury.	twenty patients with an acute spinal injury were prospectively studied to assess the clinical importance of antibody coated bacteria (acb) in the urine and the association among the different bacterial species with a positive antibody coated bacteria test. clinical urinary tract infection was associated with a positive acb test on 45% of occasions. three hundred and ninety nine urine samples containing 541 bacterial isolates were assessed for the presence of acb; 13% were found to be positive an ...	1990	2262569
in vitro activity of hre 664, a penem antibiotic.	hre 664, a new penem antibiotic, inhibited 90% of escherichia coli, klebsiella, citrobacter diversus, proteus mirabilis, proteus vulgaris, salmonella, shigella, providencia, aeromonas, and morganella at less than or equal to 2 micrograms/ml but was considerably less active than cefotaxime, ceftazidime, and imipenem. it did not inhibit pseudomonas aeruginosa (mic greater than 128 micrograms/ml). hre 664 inhibited enterobacter spp., citrobacter freundii, and serratia marcescens at 1-8 micrograms/m ...	1990	2279381
differences between clavulanic acid and sulbactam in induction and inhibition of cephalosporinases in enterobacteria.	the ability of clavulanic acid and sulbactam to induce and inhibit cephalosporinases was evaluated in 16 clinical isolates of enterobacteria. using the quantitative induction assay, the checkerboard method and the disc approximation test, clavulanic acid was shown to act as inducer for all species, whereas sulbactam only induced strains of providencia stuartii. antagonism was achieved using a combination of clavulanic acid and cefotaxime but a combination of sulbactam and cefotaxime was either s ...	1990	2282971
[susceptibilities of clinical bacterial isolates to antimicrobial agents. a study mainly focused on imipenem. reported by the research group for testing imipenem susceptibility on clinical isolates].	this study was conducted to investigate susceptibilities of clinical bacterial isolates to imipenem (ipm) and other antibacterial agents at 64 hospital laboratories throughout japan from september to december of 1988. in this study, identification and susceptibility testing were carried out at each laboratory and the tests were performed according to the disk dilution method recommended by nccls in which susceptibilities are classified into "s", "ms", "i" and "r". ipm showed markedly high in vit ...	1990	2287060
evolution of aromatic amino acid biosynthesis and application to the fine-tuned phylogenetic positioning of enteric bacteria.	a comprehensive phylogenetic tree for virtually the entire assemblage of enteric bacteria is presented. character states of aromatic amino acid biosynthesis are used as criteria, and the results are compared with partial trees based upon sequencing of 16s rrna, 5s rrna, and tryptophan leader peptide. three major clusters are apparent. enterocluster 1 possesses a gene fusion (trpg-trpd) encoding anthranilate synthase: anthranilate 5-phosphoribosylpyrophosphate phosphoribosyltransferase of tryptop ...	1990	2298692
the in-vitro activity of ceftibuten against 475 clinical isolates of gram-negative bacilli, compared with cefuroxime and cefadroxil.	the in-vitro activity of ceftibuten was compared with cefuroxime and cefadroxil against 475 clinically-significant, epidemiologically-distinct isolates of gram-negative bacilli: 170 from blood, 212 from urine and 93 from a supplementary collection of multiply-resistant strains known to have resistance plasmids, to have caused sporadic or epidemic nosocomial infection, or both. ceftibuten mics ranged from 0.003 to greater than 32 mg/l, with a modal mic of 0.01 mg/l: 95% of all isolates had ceftib ...	1990	2329100
morganella morganii urease: purification, characterization, and isolation of gene sequences.	morganella morganii, a very common cause of catheter-associated bacteriuria, was previously classified with the genus proteus on the basis of urease production. m. morganii constitutively synthesizes a urease distinct from that of other uropathogens. the enzyme, purified 175-fold by passage through deae-sepharose, phenyl-sepharose, mono-q, and superose 6 chromatography resins, was found to have a native molecular size of 590 kilodaltons and was composed of three distinct subunits with apparent m ...	1990	2345135
gastric emptying and the pharmacokinetics of the cephalosporin antibiotic, cefpodoxime proxetil.	the effects of gastric motility on the pharmacokinetics of cefpodoxime proxetil, an oral, broad spectrum, third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic were evaluated in 12 healthy subjects. in this open-label, crossover trial, each subject took a 200 mg dose (two 100 mg film-coated tablets) in each study period. there was an initial fasting period followed by a control period and then either a propantheline or metoclopramide period. gastric motility was measured using [99mtc]-labeled sulfur colloid ...	1990	2352449
plasmid--mediated drug resistance in enterobacteriaceae isolated at gondar hospital.	thirteen randomly selected multiresistant strains of e. coli, klebsiella species and providencia stuartii, isolated from gondar hospital patients, were investigated for the presence of transferable drug resistance. resistance transfer occurred in 10 (77%) of the 13 strains. all the transferable resistances were found to be mediated by plasmids of the incompatibility groups h1, fii.j1 and c. the high frequency of the h1 plasmids observed in klebisella strains, indicates multiresistant nosocomial ...	1990	2364901
numerical analysis of sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic protein patterns for the classification, identification and typing of medically important bacteria.	a numerical analysis of one-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic protein patterns of three separate bacterial groups is described. similarity between patterns was estimated using a correlation coefficient and is represented diagramatically by the unweighted pair-group with arithmetic averages method of clustering. protein patterns were scanned using a laser densitometer interfaced directly to a microcomputer, where calculations were performed semi-automatically ...	1990	2364925
in vitro studies of ciprofloxacin and survey of resistance patterns in current isolates.	we studied the activity of ciprofloxacin and other antibiotics against both routine and multiresistant (multi-r) clinical isolates. ciprofloxacin inhibited more than 98% of most species of enterobacteriaceae at a concentration of 2 micrograms/ml. only acinetobacter calcoaceticus, and to a much lesser degree, providencia and serratia, were resistant. most pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates were susceptible. only 1% of staphylococci were resistant; the test panel included 1200 mrsa. for most species ...	1990	2369816
numerical analysis of electrophoretic protein patterns of providencia stuartii strains from urine, wound and other clinical sources.	eighty-six strains of providencia stuartii (mainly of human origin) were characterized by one-dimensional sds-page of cellular proteins. the strains came from various countries; 52 were from urine, 11 from wounds, five from blood (one of these also from urine), four from ear infections, two each from faeces and sputum, one from 'alimentation' and nine from unknown sources. the protein patterns, which contained 45 to 50 discrete bands, were highly reproducible. the patterns of 46 prov. stuartii s ...	1990	2370236
in vitro activity of ro 24-6392, a novel ester-linked co-drug combining ciprofloxacin and desacetylcefotaxime.	in preliminary in vitro susceptibility tests ro 24-6392 (desacetylcefotaxime with a 3'-ciprofloxacin substitution) demonstrated activity against a wide spectrum of aerobic bacteria, 98.6% of strains being inhibited by less than or equal to 8 mg/l. of the commonly isolated species tested, only enterococcal strains were resistant (mics greater than or equal to 32 mg/l). the potency of ro 24-6392 was generally between that observed for the two hydrolysis components, except in the case of providenci ...	1990	2387298
in vitro activity of ro 09-1428 compared to other cephalosporins.	the in vitro activity of ro 09-1428, a new catechol-type parenteral cephalosporin, was compared to that of ceftazidime, e-1040, cefpirome and cefepime against gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. ro 09-1428 inhibited group a streptococci at less than or equal to 0.12 micrograms/ml, and group b, c and g streptococci and streptococcus pneumoniae at 0.5 micrograms/ml, whereas for staphylococcus aureus ro 09-1428 had mics of 8-16 micrograms/ml similar to ceftazidime and e-1040. against pseudom ...	1991	1748124
use of a broad-host-range gyra plasmid for genetic characterization of fluoroquinolone-resistant gram-negative bacteria.	the gyra genotypes of ciprofloxacin-resistant clinical isolates of escherichia coli (n = 3), klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 4), providencia stuartii (n = 2), pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 1), and acinetobacter calcoaceticus (n = 1) were analyzed in a dominance test. this test is based on the dominance of a wild-type gyra gene (gyra+) over the quinolone resistance allele (gyra) in a heterodiploid strain. plasmid pbp515, developed to carry the gyra+ gene of e. coli k-12 on a broad-host-range vector deri ...	1991	1759823
typing of proteus mirabilis from clinical sources by computerized analysis of electrophoretic protein patterns.	seventy-five strains of proteus mirabilis (mainly of human origin) were characterized by one-dimensional sds-page of cellular proteins. the strains came from various countries; 24 were from urine, 17 from faeces (including one from a dog and one from a monkey), 12 from the respiratory tract (including nine from sputum), four from a cerebral abscess, 12 from miscellaneous sources and six from unknown sources. the protein patterns, which contained 45 to 50 discrete bands, were highly reproducible. ...	1991	1761440
rapid isolation and presumptive diagnosis of uropathogens by using membrane filtration and differential media.	random urine samples from hospitalized patients (n = 550) and seeded sterile filtered urine samples (n = 730) were used to test a membrane filtration technique, qualture (future medical technologies international, inc., west palm beach, fla.), for the detection and identification of uropathogens. results for each sample were compared with those obtained by the calibrated loop (0.01 ml) method to demonstrate the sensitivity of the method as a screening tool and the specificity of the presumptive ...	1991	1774240
a new plate medium for rapid presumptive identification and differentiation of enterobacteriaceae.	a new selective differential agar medium for rapid presumptive identification of enterobacteriaceae from water and food samples is described (emx id agar). by a combination of fluorogenic and chromogenic substrates, the medium detects the presence of beta-d-glucuronidase, beta-d-galactosidase, beta-d-xylosidase, tryptophane deaminase and h2s; additionally, cytochrome-oxidase and indole production can be demonstrated. this medium provides an inexpensive means for simple and rapid presumptive iden ...	1991	1777382
beta-lactamase expression and outer membrane protein changes in cefpirome-resistant and ceftazidime-resistant gram-negative bacteria.	twenty-five strains of enterobacteriaceae (five each of enterobacter cloacae, citrobacter freundii, serratia marcescens, morganella morganii, and providencia stuartii) and five strains of pseudomonas aeruginosa were exposed to various concentrations of cefpirome or ceftazidime in agar. mutants with a greater than four-fold increase in the mic were examined for changes in beta-lactamase expression and outer membrane protein (omp) profile. both agents selected mutants with decreased susceptibility ...	1991	1778852
selection and characterization of cefepime-resistant gram-negative bacteria.	the nctc type strains and four clinical isolates of enterobacter cloacae, citrobacter freundii, serratia marcescens, morganella morganii, providencia stuartii and pseudomonas aeruginosa were exposed, in agar, to cefepime at 3, 5, and 10 x mic and a breakpoint concentration of 16 mg/l. mutants were selected at a frequency of approximately 10(-8) that had decreased susceptibility to cefepime and cefpirome, and species-dependent resistance to other beta-lactams. any putative mutant with a greater t ...	1991	1778870
xylose-lysine-tergitol 4: an improved selective agar medium for the isolation of salmonella.	a study was conducted to evaluate a new selective plating medium for isolating salmonella using pure bacterial cultures, and poultry environmental specimens containing high numbers of competing enteric bacteria. xylose-lysine-tergitol 4 (xlt4) agar was found to strongly inhibit proteus, pseudomonas, providencia, and many other nonsalmonellae and to provide good differentiation between salmonella and citrobacter. the xlt4 medium significantly improved salmonella isolation from chicken farm enviro ...	1991	1784564
antibacterial activity of cefpodoxime in comparison with cefixime, cefdinir, cefetamet, ceftibuten, loracarbef, cefprozil, bay 3522, cefuroxime, cefaclor and cefadroxil.	the new oral cephalosporins cefpodoxime, cefixime, cefdinir, cefetamet and ceftibuten demonstrate enhanced activity against enterobacteriaceae susceptible to the established compounds as well (e.g. cefuroxime, cefaclor, cefadroxil). in addition, cefpodoxime, cefixime, cefdinir, cefetamet and ceftibuten include in their spectrum species hitherto resistant to oral cephalosporins (proteus vulgaris, providencia spp., yersinia enterocolitica). besides, the majority of these compounds demonstrate rele ...	1991	1800377
cefpodoxime: comparative antibacterial activity, influence of growth conditions, and bactericidal activity.	the antimicrobial activity of cefpodoxime, the active metabolite of the new cephalosporin ester cefpodoxime proxetil, in comparison to cefixime, cefotiam, cefuroxime, and cefotaxime was determined against a broad spectrum of freshly isolated gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial strains. cefpodoxime was demonstrated to be inhibitory at concentrations of less than or equal to 1 mg/l against 90% of strains of moraxella catarrhalis, haemophilus influenzae, escherichia coli (beta-lactamase- nega ...	1991	1800379
activity of meropenem against antibiotic-resistant or infrequently encountered gram-negative bacilli.	meropenem was compared in vitro with imipenem as well as with several other contemporary beta-lactams, ciprofloxacin, and gentamicin against a group of highly antibiotic resistant members of the family enterobacteriaceae and a collection of oxidase-positive and/or glucose-nonfermentative gram-negative bacilli. in this study, meropenem was more active than imipenem against isolates of enterobacter, klebsiella, morganella, providencia, alcaligenes, aeromonas, and pasteurella.	1991	1804016
correlation between dna polymorphism and enzyme polymorphism argues in favour of the delineation of two species within providencia alcalifaciens.	ribosomal dna (rdna) polymorphism was compared to enzyme polymorphism and dna/dna hybridization data for the intraspecies differentiation of providencia alcalifaciens. dna from 27 strains previously classified into two zymotypes a1 and a2 and discriminated by two levels of dna/dna hybridization (delta tm values of 0 to 1 degree c and 6 to 10 degrees c, respectively) were analysed by southern blotting for rdna polymorphism. the ribotypes fell into two ribogroups a1 and a2, which correlated with t ...	1991	1805310
single daily dose amikacin in paediatric patients with severe gram-negative infections.	twenty-five children with serious gram-negative infections were treated in a prospective study with amikacin 20 mg/kg administered in a single daily dose as a 30 min iv infusion for 4 to 12 days. in nine cases the amikacin was combined with beta-lactam antibiotics. escherichia coli were the most frequent bacteria isolated followed by k. pneumoniae, providencia and enterobacter spp. and pseudomonas aeruginosa with mics ranging from 1 to 16 mg/l. mean (+/- s.d.) peak and trough concentrations of d ...	1991	1856143
microbiological status of egyptian prawn.	a total of 110 prawn individuals were collected from different markets at cairo and giza governorates. the average counts of aerobes, psychrophiles, enterobacteriaceae, coliforms and staphylococci were 5 x 10(3), 3 x 10(2), less than 2 x 10(2), less than 3 and 2 x 10(2) organisms per gram newly caught prawn sample, respectively. such counts were significantly increased in samples collected from markets including raw prawn in shell, raw peeled samples and frozen samples either peeled or in shell. ...	1991	1865888
in vitro activity of an oxycephem ocp 9-176 compared with its sulfur analog and other beta-lactams.	ocp 9-176 is an oxycephem antibiotic that contains a 2-aminothiazolyl, carboxypropyl side chain at c-7 and a pyridinium thiomethyl group at c-3. ocp 9-176 was generally twofold less active than its sulfur-containing analog me 1228 against escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, klebsiella oxytoca, providencia stuartii, proteus vulgaris, and serratia marcescens. activity against enterobacter cloacae and citrobacter freundii was equivalent. ocp 9-176 was twofold less active than me-1228 against p ...	1991	1873972
[enterobacteriaceae isolated in nine general hospitals of the ile-de-france in 1988 and 1989: susceptibility to beta-lactam antibiotics according to the length of hospitalisation].	susceptibility to beta-lactam antibiotics of strains of enterobacteriaceae consecutively isolated in nine general hospitals during a period of 2 months (march and april) has been studied by the disk-agar diffusion method. the separation between susceptible and resistant strains was based on the measure of the inhibition zones centered by 2 disks: cephalothin and ticarcillin. enterobacteriaceae were divided in 2 groups: strains isolated during the first 48 h of hospitalisation or isolated after. ...	1991	1881679
[ru 51807 (cefpodoxime proxetil). in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activity of a new orally administered active cephalosporin].	cefpodoxime proxetil (ru 51807) is an enterally absorbed ester prodrug which is rapidly cleaved in vivo after oral administration, with release of the active free acid metabolite cefpodoxime. the in vitro antibacterial activity of the sodium salt of cefpodoxime (ru 51746) against approximately 800 clinical isolates was evaluated comparatively with other orally active beta-lactams. ru 51746 was found to be active against enterobacteria normally susceptible to third generation cephalosporins, with ...	1991	1901403
[anti-bacterial defense mechanisms of the urinary tract constructed from intestinal segments. preliminary studies on urinary tract infections, secretory iga and composition of urine].	the characteristics of urinary tract infections (uti), secretory iga and urine composition of 24 patients (intestine group) who underwent operations using intestinal segments in urinary tract were compared with those of 26 complicated uti patients without surgical intervention (control group). no significant differences were found in the frequency of either mono or polymicrobial infections between both groups. however, the frequency of bacterial isolation was different in the two groups, strepto ...	1991	1904119
in vitro and in vivo evaluation of ro 09-1428, a new parenteral cephalosporin with high antipseudomonal activity.	ro 09-1428, a new parenteral cephalosporin with a catechol moiety attached at position 7 of the cephalosporin ring, showed high in vitro activity against escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, proteus mirabilis, proteus vulgaris, and streptococcus pyogenes, with mics for 90% of strains tested (mic90s) of less than or equal to 0.39 micrograms/ml. morganella morganii, providencia rettgeri, citrobacter freundii, haemophilus influenzae, staphylococcus aureus, and streptococcus pneumoniae were inhi ...	1991	1906261
in vitro antimicrobial activity of sparfloxacin (at-4140, ci-978, pd 131501) compared with numerous other quinolone compounds.	sparfloxacin (at-4140, ci-978, pd 131501) was tested against over 800 recent bacteremic strains and compared with ciprofloxacin and six other fluoroquinolones. the 90% minimum inhibitory concentration (mic90) ranges for the enterobacteriaceae species were (a) sparfloxacin, 0.03-1 microgram/ml and (b) ciprofloxacin, 0.015-0.25 microgram/ml. moraxella catarrhalis, haemophilus influenzae, and neisseria gonorrhoeae were very susceptible to sparfloxacin (mic90s, 0.004- less than or equal to 0.03 micr ...	1991	1909615
enterosistem 18-r: description and comparative evaluation with conventional methods for identification of members of the family enterobacteriaceae.	the efficiency and accuracy of enterosistem 18-r (liofilchem s.r.l., roseto degli abruzzi, teramo, italy) were compared with those of conventional biochemical methods to identify 360 members (38 species) of the family enterobacteriaceae. overall, 329 strains (91.3%) were correctly identified (percentage of identification, greater than or equal to 90.0), with 37 (11.2%) requiring additional tests for complete identification. for 11 isolates (3.1%), enterosistem 18-r gave only genus identification ...	1991	1939588
[anti-bacterial defense mechanisms of the urinary tract constructed from intestinal segments. studies on cell population and phagocytotic activity of urinary leucocytes, and bacterial growth in urine].	cell population of urinary leucocytes of 22 patients (intestine group) who underwent operations using intestinal segments for the urinary tract was compared with that of 26 complicated uti patients without surgical intervention (control group). eosinophils were recognized in 15.5 per cent of urinary leucocytes of the intestine group. however, in the control group, urine eosinophils were recognized only in 0.15 per cent. although in sterile urines of the intestine group eosinophils were recognize ...	1991	1942703
use of ciprofloxacin versus use of aminoglycosides for therapy of complicated urinary tract infection: prospective, randomized clinical and pharmacokinetic study.	the efficacy of oral ciprofloxacin was compared with that of parenteral aminoglycoside for therapy of complicated urinary tract infection in a prospective randomized trial. the setting was a chronic-care veterans administration facility in which long-term bladder catheterization and resistant bacteria were common. sixty-five consecutive patients were stratified for presence and type of bladder catheter, the presence of providencia and pseudomonas aeruginosa organisms versus other urinary pathoge ...	1991	1952856
characterization of fce 22101-resistant enterobacteriaceae and the effect of fce 22101 upon the activity of anti-pseudomonal beta-lactams for pseudomonas aeruginosa.	twenty-five strains of enterobacteriaceae (five each of enterobacter cloacae, citrobacter freundii, serratia marcescens, morganella morganii, and providencia stuartii) were exposed to fce 22101 in agar containing 3, 5, or 10 x the mic. any putative mutant with a greater than or equal to four-fold increase in the mic was examined for beta-lactamase expression and outer membrane protein (omp) profile. mutant colonies were selected at a frequency of 10(-7)-10(-11) with decreased susceptibility to f ...	1991	1960118
[antibiotic sensitivity of bacteria isolated from patients at 6 hospitals in osaka].	we examined mics of 6 oral new quinolones and 4 oral cephems against bacteria isolated from patients at 6 hospitals in osaka during the period from january to june in 1990, and the following results were obtained. 1. all species excluding streptococcus pyogenes were more sensitive with less frequencies of resistance to new quinolones than to cephems. in new quinolones, tosufloxacin (tflx) was the most active against gram-positive cocci and ciprofloxacin (cpfx) and tflx had the highest activities ...	1991	1960855
[antibacterial activities of ofloxacin against recent isolates from patients with community-acquired infections].	in order to survey antibacterial activities of ofloxacin (oflx) against 1,440 bacterial strains isolated from patients with community-acquired infections in 1987 and 1990, minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) of the drug as well as those of other new quinolones and oral cephems were determined. the following conclusions were reached. 1. comparison of the mic distribution for strains isolated in 1987 with those in 1990 suggested a tendency toward an increase in the frequency of oflx-resistant ...	1991	1960856
oviposition by screwworm flies (diptera: calliphoridae) on contact with host fluids.	factor affecting oviposition by screwworm flies, cochliomyia hominivorax (coquerel), contacting different host fluids were examined in a laboratory bioassay. fresh bovine blood, which does not release the attractive odors involved in host finding, nevertheless stimulated as many or more females to oviposit than did the other fluids tested. these other fluids included attractive fluid from screwworm-infected wounds (a favored oviposition site in nature) and cultures of providencia rettgeri (a bac ...	1991	2019681
in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities of e-4497, a new 3-amine-3-methyl-azetidinyl tricyclic fluoroquinolone.	the in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities of a new tricyclic fluoroquinolone, e-4497 [s(-)-9-fluoro-3-methyl-10-(3-amine-3-methyl-azetidin-1-yl)-7-oxo- 2,3-dihydro- 7h-pyrido-(1,2,3-de)-1,4-benzoxazine-6-carboxylic acid], were evaluated in comparison with those of dr-3355 [s-(-)-ofloxacin], norfloxacin, and ciprofloxacin. e-4497 was more potent than norfloxacin and as potent as or more potent than dr-3355 and ciprofloxacin against staphylococcus spp., streptococcus spp., and enterococcus ...	1991	2039195
[antimicrobial susceptibilities of clinical isolates of morganella-proteus-providencia group of bacteria].	we examined in vitro susceptibilities of 3,109 isolates belonging to 5 species of proteeae to 2 penicillins, 5 cephems and 2 aminoglycosides. the isolates were collected from 69 hospital laboratories throughout japan between 1986 and 1988. minimal inhibitory concentrations were determined using the agar dilution method with inoculation of 10(8) cells/ml of bacteria. proteus mirabilis had marked susceptibilities to the penicillins and cephems tested. proteus vulgaris and morganella morganii were ...	1991	2041155
[microbiological quality of mechanically deboned beef].	microbial quality of mechanically deboned beef (mdb), which was obtained by the discontinuous hydraulic horizontal separator, type inject-star (firm laska, austria), was analyzed for the presence of indicatory microorganisms (coliforms and enterococci), pathogenic and conditionally pathogenic microorganisms. the basic microbial parameters have been determined separately for mdb of 1st, 2nd degrees as well as for average daily samples from one collecting vessel. apart from it, also a raw material ...	1991	2042400
evolution of the ferric enterobactin receptor in gram-negative bacteria.	using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of iron-deficient and replete cell envelopes, 59fe-siderophore uptake studies, and western immunoblots and cytofluorimetric analyses with monoclonal antibodies (mabs), we surveyed a panel of gram-negative bacteria to identify outer membrane proteins that are structurally related to the escherichia coli k-12 ferric enterobactin receptor, fepa. antibodies within the panel identified fepa epitopes that are conserved among the majority ...	1991	1717434
in vitro activity and stability against novel beta-lactamases of investigational beta-lactams (cefepime, cefpirome, flomoxef, sce2787 and piperacillin plus tazobactam) in comparison with established compounds (cefotaxime, latamoxef and piperacillin).	the therapeutic perspectives of flomoxef, sce 2787, cefpirome, cefepime, latamoxef, cefotaxime and of piperacillin plus tazobactam were comparatively evaluated by their in vitro activity against 1119 clinical isolates of 83 bacterial species. escherichia coli, klebsiella spp. enterobacter sakazakii, proteus spp. and shigella spp. were about equally susceptible to the cephalosporins (mic90: 0.06 to 0.5 mg/l), while the mic90 for piperacillin plus tazobactam was between 2 and 16 mg/l. enterobacter ...	1991	1664418
studies of bacterial, rotaviral and cryptosporidium etiology of acute diarrheal diseases in hospitalized children.	657 hospitalized children with acute diarrheal disease were studied for bacterial and rotaviral etiology. cryptosporidium presence was followed in 123 children. intestinal pathogens were detected in 195 (29.6%) cases: 132 (20.3%) enterobacteria, 47 (7.1%) rotaviruses, 4 (3.2%) cryptosporidium sp. and 12 (1.8%) combined infections. among enterobacteria, e. coli was the most frequent (10% cases) with enteropathogenic (epec), enterotoxigenic (etec), enterohemorrhagic (ehec) and enteroinvasive (eiec ...	1991	1666314
[urinary tract infection in an ambulatory population: epidemiological analysis of the etiology and antibiotic resistance of isolated gram-negative strains].	15,892 urinocultures belonging to out-patients admitted to chieti ulss 04, from january '85 to december '89 were studied. among the examined samples, the positive urinocultures were 4255 (26.8%) with a prevalence in the female sex (78.6%). during the year e. coli was the most frequently identified organism (55.8%) without significant changes. 25.7% was the isolation percentage of morganella-proteus-providencia (mpp). in order to plan a right antibiotic-therapy the resistance of isolates to 19 ch ...	1991	1670056
prevalence of nosocomial infections in a saudi arabian teaching hospital.	the rate of nosocomial infections was determined during a 9-month study in a 6-year-old hospital in north saudi arabia. the overall rate of nosocomial infection in the hospital was 2.2%. the rates in the different services varied. the highest were in the special care baby unit (13.5%) and intensive care unit (6%). in the other services it ranged from 1 to 3.5%. the common causal agents of documented infections were escherichia coli (81), pseudomonas aeruginosa (55), staphylococcus aureus (43), k ...	1991	1675653
the current and future impact of antimicrobial resistance among nosocomial bacterial pathogens.	the selection of drug-resistant microorganisms has generally been associated with the widespread use of antimicrobial agents. the emergence of these antimicrobial resistance has an undesirable impact that often severely limits the use of these drugs that could have otherwise been identified as "drugs of first choice." among the most serious drug-resistance problems, the chromosomally mediated type -i beta-lactamase mechanism has become more common among the infecting gram-negative bacteria. type ...	1992	1737440
[analysis of urinary tract infections in hospitalized elderly patients, with particular reference to the use of diapers].	we investigated the clinical and laboratory data of 215 hospitalized patients (mean age were 76.9 +/- 12.1) to analyze both the characteristics of senile uti and the influence of the way of urination. uti was present in 121 of 1897 patients (6.4%), 95 of whom (78.5%) were female. comparison of the parameters between non-infected and infected patients were as follows: body temperature was 36.57 +/- 0.64 degrees c vs. 37.49 +/- 0.77 degree c; wbc, 5410 +/- 2040/microliters vs. 7260 +/- 3230/microl ...	1992	1294665
in vitro activity of sparfloxacin compared with those of five other quinolones.	the in vitro activity of sparfloxacin, a new difluorinated quinolone, was evaluated against 857 gram-positive and gram-negative clinical isolates and compared with those of ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, ofloxacin, fleroxacin, and lomefloxacin. the mic of sparfloxacin for 90% of the members of the family enterobacteriaceae tested was 0.5 microgram/ml (range, 0.06 to 4.0 micrograms/ml); only for members of the genera serratia, citrobacter, and providencia were mics above 1 microgram/ml. some 90% of ...	1992	1320362
modified macconkey medium which allows simple and reliable identification of providencia stuartii.	this work describes a modified macconkey medium (mcp medium) enabling the simple identification of providencia stuartii, an emerging nosocomial pathogen. a total of 813 strains, belonging to the families enterobacteriaceae and pseudomonadaceae, were tested on mcp medium; all p. stuartii strains were phosphatase positive, as were 97.5% of morganella morganii strains, in contrast with all other tested organisms. a simple discriminating test, such as the ornithine or citrate test, allowed identific ...	1992	1323575
in vitro activity of opc-17116 compared to other broad-spectrum fluoroquinolones.	the in vitro activity of opc-17116 was compared to that of five similar fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin, enoxacin, norfloxacin, ofloxacin and temafloxacin). a total of 700 isolates from recent cases of clinical bacteremia were tested. fifty additional stock strains with well-characterized resistance mechanisms were also processed. the minimal concentrations inhibiting 90% of strains (mic90) of enterobacteriaceae species were for opc-17116 0.015-0.5 micrograms/ml and for ciprofloxacin 0.015-0.25 ...	1992	1327789
molecular epidemiology of endemic ciprofloxacin-susceptible and -resistant enterobacteriaceae.	to elucidate the epidemiology of widespread ciprofloxacin resistance in our veterans affairs medical center using whole cell dna analysis.	1992	1337751
horizontal transfer of a phosphatase gene as evidence for mosaic structure of the salmonella genome.	the genomes of escherichia coli and salmonella typhimurium are similar with respect to base composition, chromosome size, and the order, orientation and spacing of genes, but differ with respect to some 29 'loops', regions unique to one species. to evaluate the genetic basis for the structure and organization of the enteric bacterial genomes, we examined the gene encoding a non-specific acid phosphatase (phon) which maps to a loop at 96 min on the s.typhimurium chromosome. we detected atypical b ...	1992	1339343
[occurrence of p.fimbrii in strains from selected genera of enterobacteriaceae].	this study was aimed at recognition of frequency of occurrence of p fimbriae in strains of escherichia coli isolated from samples of feces of children with symptoms of diarrhoea and at search of these adhesions in strains representing other than escherichia genera of enterobacteriaceae strains. one hundred forty laboratory strains were investigated. they belonged to genus citrobacter, enterobacter, hafnia, klebsiella, morganella, proteus, providencia, salmonella, shigella, and yersinia. also wer ...	1992	1363960
transformation of n epsilon-cbz-l-lysine to cbz-l-oxylysine using l-amino acid oxidase from providencia alcalifaciens and l-2-hydroxy-isocaproate dehydrogenase from lactobacillus confusus.	biotransformations were developed to oxidize n epsilon-carbobenzoxy(cbz)-l-lysine and to reduce the product keto acid to l-cbz-oxylysine. lysyl oxidase (l-lysine: o2 oxidoreductase, ec 1.4.3.14) from trichoderma viride was relatively specific for l-lysine and had very low activity with n epsilon-substituted derivatives. l-amino acid oxidase (l-amino acid: o2 oxidoreductase [deaminating], ec 1.4.3.2) from crotalus adamanteus venom had low activity with l-lysine but high activity with n epsilon-fo ...	1992	1368913
comparative in vitro activity and beta-lactamase stability of ru29246, the active metabolite of hr916b.	hr 916b is a new orally absorbed cephalosporin. in tests its active metabolite, ru29246, inhibited streptococcus pyogenes, streptococcus agalactiae and streptococcus pneumoniae at less than or equal to 0.12 micrograms/ml, which is similar to the antibacterial activity of cefuroxime, and was more active than cefaclor. it was also more active (mic 2 micrograms/ml) than cefixime, cefuroxime, cefaclor and cefotaxime against staphylococci. ru29246 inhibited escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, ci ...	1992	1396779
in vitro activity and susceptibility to hydrolysis of s-1006.	the in vitro activity of s-1006, the active component of a new orally absorbed cephalosporin, s-1108, inhibited 90% of staphylococcus aureus isolates at less than or equal to 2 micrograms/ml, 90% of group a, b, c, f, and g streptococci and streptococcus pneumoniae isolates at less than or equal to 0.12 microgram/ml, and all haemophilus influenzae isolates at less than or equal to 0.06 microgram/ml. although 50% of the members of the family enterobacteriaceae were inhibited by less than or equal ...	1992	1416835
[antibacterial activities of sisomicin against fresh clinical isolates].	to investigate antibacterial activities of sisomicin (siso), mics of siso as well as other aminoglycosides (ags) were determined against many clinical isolates which were obtained in 1991. results are summarized below: 1. no siso-resistant strains were observed among isolates of escherichia coli, citrobacter diversus, klebsiella pneumoniae, klebsiella oxytoca, enterobacter aerogenes, proteus mirabilis and morganella morganii. 2. in comparison with the results of our previous study against isolat ...	1992	1433905
pathogenesis of providencia alcalifaciens-induced diarrhea.	providencia alcalifaciens is a member of the family enterobacteriaceae. there are reports that p. alcalifaciens can cause diarrhea, but the mechanism(s) by which it causes diarrhea is known. we studied p. alcalifaciens isolated from a child and two adults with diarrhea for enteropathogenicity. the three isolates did not exhibit any characteristic adherence to cultured hep-2 cell monolayers, and they did not produce enterotoxins, cytotoxins, or keratoconjunctivitis in the sereny test. two isolate ...	1992	1452332
the effect of repeated instillations of antiseptics on catheter-associated urinary tract infections: a study in a physical model of the catheterized bladder.	the activity of three antiseptic bladder washout solutions was examined in a physical model of the catheterized bladder. tests were performed against cultures of four common urinary tract pathogens that had established themselves in the model and colonized the surfaces with biofilm. double instillations of chlorhexidine (0.02% w/v) at 6-h intervals failed to eliminate pseudomonas aeruginosa, proteus mirabilis, and providencia stuartii from the bladder model. escherichia coli, however, was suscep ...	1992	1462478
the primary structure of providencia rettgeri penicillin g amidase gene and its relationship to other gram negative amidases.	the nucleotide sequence of penicillin g amidase (pa,e.c.3.5.1.11) of providencia rettgeri was determined. we aligned our p. rettgeri pa with other known gram negative periplasmically located beta-lactam amidases. the analysis revealed a high homology with other enterobacteric amidases (60%-65%), while with similar pseudomonas sp. amidases the homology exceeded 25%. these homologies indicate their common ancestry.	1992	1472713
a species-specific dna probe for providencia stuartii identification.	a dna probe is described that can be used for identification of providencia stuartii by means of filter hybridization assays. the probe, which is a fragment of the p. stuartii phon gene coding for an acid phosphatase, appeared to be able to recognize only p. stuartii strains in slot-blot hybridization experiments performed with total dna extracted from 545 strains of 64 different gram-negative bacterial species, including all the major representatives of the family enterobacteriaceae. owing to t ...	1992	1474980
bsubi--an isospecific restriction and modification system of psti: characterization of the bsubi genes and enzymes.	the enzymes of the bacillus subtilis bsubi restriction/modification (r/m) system recognize the target sequence 5'ctgcag. the genes of the bsubi r/m system have been cloned and sequenced and their products have been characterized following overexpression and purification. the gene of the bsubi dna methyltransferase (m.bsubi) consists of 1503 bp, encoding a protein of 501 amino acids with a calculated m(r) of 57.2 kd. the gene of the restriction endonuclease (r.bsubi), comprising 948 bp, codes for ...	1992	1480472
[antimicrobial activities of ceftazidime on fresh clinical isolates].	antimicrobial activity of ceftazidime (caz) was compared with those of other cephem antibiotics against clinically isolated strains sent to us by medical institutions throughout japan in 1989 and 1991. those strains separated and identified from samples collected from patients with various infections were also examined, and the following results were obtained. 1. the results suggested that, compared with reports of studies conducted with clinical isolates in early 1980's, mic90 of caz in 1991 we ...	1992	1494227
in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities of levofloxacin (l-ofloxacin), an optically active ofloxacin.	the antibacterial activity of levofloxacin was compared with those of ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and other antibiotics. in general, levofloxacin was equally active or up to fourfold more active than ofloxacin against all 801 organisms tested. levofloxacin was twofold [corrected] more active than ciprofloxacin against streptococcus pneumoniae and 2- to 4-fold more active than ciprofloxacin against staphylococcus aureus, xanthomonas maltophilia, and bacteroides fragilis. levofloxacin was two- to ei ...	1992	1503449
[antimicrobial activities of ceftriaxone against clinically isolated strains].	antibiotic activities (mics) of ceftriaxone (ctrx) against 1,210 strains of bacteria including 28 spp. isolated in 1987 and 1990 were compared with those of other cephems. 1. when compared to data on clinically isolated strains reported in the early 1980s, strains of the following species isolated in 1990 showed extremely elevated mic90s of ctrx: staphylococcus spp., streptococcus pneumoniae, escherichia coli, citrobacter spp., enterobacter spp., serratia spp., proteus vulgaris, morganella morga ...	1992	1522669
in vitro activity of cefodizime.	cefodizime is a bactericidal cephem with the typical broad spectrum activity of an aminothiazolyl cephalosporin, including both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria: its mic90 is 0.125 mg/l for streptococcus pneumoniae, streptococcus pyogenes and other streptococci; and 0.05 mg/l for haemophilus spp., neisseria meningitidis, neisseria gonorrhoeae and moraxella catarrhalis; while beta-lactamase positive strains of m. catarrhalis require 1 mg/l. less than 1 mg/l is needed for escherichia coli, ...	1992	1526673
bacteremia in a long-term-care facility: a five-year prospective study of 163 consecutive episodes.	the clinical features, microbiological characteristics, and outcomes of 163 episodes of bacteremia occurring at a long-term-care facility were evaluated. the rate of nosocomial bacteremia increased from 0.20 to 0.36 cases/1,000 patient-days from 1985 to 1989; there was a parallel increase in the rate of all nosocomial infections combined. bacteremia was documented in 6.5% of all hospital-acquired infections. the majority of isolates were gram-negative, and providencia stuartii was the most commo ...	1992	1562655
[typing by isoelectric focusing of beta-lactamase enzymes in klebsiella and enterobacter strains resistant to the new beta-lactam antibiotics].	resistance to new generation beta-lactam antibiotics in gram-negative bacteria is increasing worldwide. this resistance is due to ebs enzymes in klebsiella spp., and type-i chromosomal enzymes in enterobacter spp., citrobacter, p. aeruginosa, providencia, m. morganii and s. marcescens. in this study, the types of beta-lactamases in 16 klebsiella spp. and 15 enterobacter spp. which are resistant to newer beta-lactam antibiotics was investigated by isoelectric focusing. the results of the study sh ...	1992	1574017
asymptomatic bacteriuria, urinary antibody, and survival in the institutionalized elderly.	to compare clinical status of elderly institutionalized subjects with asymptomatic bacteriuria and normal urinary antibody to those with elevated urinary antibody to the major outer membrane of escherichia coli.	1992	1587980
in vitro activity of cefquinome, a new cephalosporin, compared with other cephalosporin antibiotics.	the in vitro activity of cefquinome, a new aminothiazolyl cephalosporin with a c-3 bicyclic pyridinium group, was compared with ceftazidime, cefpirome, and cefepime. cefquinome inhibited members of the enterobacteriaceae at less than or equal to 0.5 microgram/ml for escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, k. oxytoca, citrobacter diversus, salmonella shigella, proteus mirabilis, morganella, and providencia. although most citrobacter freundii and enterobacter cloacae were inhibited by less than 2 ...	1992	1611848
reliability of a bioluminescence atp assay for detection of bacteria.	the reliability of bioluminescence assays which employ the luciferin-luciferase atp-dependent reaction to evaluate bacterial counts was studied, both in vitro and on urine specimens. bioluminescence and cultural results for the most common urinary tract pathogens were analyzed. furthermore, the influence of the culture medium, of the assaying method, and of the phase of growth on bioluminescence readings was studied. results show that proteus, providencia, and morganella strains are not correctl ...	1992	1629329
ofloxacin, a new broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone. results from a multicenter, national comparative activity surveillance study. the ofloxacin surveillance group.	ofloxacin, a newer broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone, was evaluated against 6967 clinical isolates in a multicenter surveillance trial using a standardized disk diffusion method. thirty-five geographically diverse laboratories contributed zone diameter results for two (ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin) to five (ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, ampicillin, cefaclor, and cefixime) antimicrobial agents, depending on the site of infection. ofloxacin was determined to have the widest spectrum of activity and potent ...	1992	1643819
potential role of proteus-providencia-morganella species in quality deterioration of beef.	proteeae isolation medium of hawkey et al. (1986) was effective for isolation and enumeration of proteus-providencia-morganella spp. from beef and beef products. on this medium colonies were brown, surrounded by a zone of clearing. in an examination of retail beef samples packaged and stored in polyvinyl chloride (pvc) film, 5% contained these bacteria in a concentration of 10(1)-10(2) cells per gram or cm(2). isolates from retail beef samples included p. vulgaris, p. alcalifaciens, p. rettgeri, ...	1993	22061226
proteus mirabilis urease: transcriptional regulation by urer.	proteus mirabilis urease catalyzes the hydrolysis of urea, initiating the formation of urinary stones. the enzyme is critical for kidney colonization and the development of acute pyelonephritis. urease is induced by urea and is not controlled by the nitrogen regulatory system (ntr) or catabolite repression. purified whole-cell rna from induced and uninduced cultures of p. mirabilis and escherichia coli harboring cloned urease sequences was probed with a 4.2-kb bgli fragment from within the ureas ...	1993	7678244
in vitro comparison activity of opc-17116, a new fluoroquinolone, against more than 5,000 recent clinical isolates from five medical centers.	the in vitro activity of opc-17116, a new fluoroquinolone, was compared with those of ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin and cefixime. a total of 5,231 fresh clinical isolates from five geographically separate us medical centers were tested. the primary results of this study are: 1. opc-17116 is very active against enterobacteriaceae [mic90s, 0.015-1 microgram/ml, except providencia rettgeri (mic90, > 8 micrograms/ml)], 2. among nonenteric gram-negative bacilli (e.g. xanthomonas maltophilia, mic90, 2 micr ...	1993	8106899
incidence of bacteria from clean-catch and catheterized urine of nursing home residents.	urine cultures from 1990 through 1992 were analyzed to determine the incidence of common isolates in residents from over 50 nursing homes in oklahoma. of all 11,480 isolates in clean-catch and catheterized specimens, the most common were: escherichia coli (24% of all isolates), pseudomonas aeruquinosa (11%), proteus mirabilis (10%), enterococcus faecalis (8%), klebsiella pneumoniae (7%), providencia stuartii (5%), and staphylococcus aureus (4%). the most striking findings of this study were the ...	1993	8106919
in vitro activity of du-6859a, a new fluorocyclopropyl quinolone.	du-6859a was tested against 844 recent clinical isolates (most from bacteremias) by using reference mic determination procedures. the activity of du-6859a against members of the family enterobacteriaceae was comparable to that of ciprofloxacin (range of mics for 90% of isolates [mic90], < or = 0.015 to 1 microgram/ml), and the highest mics were observed among serratia marcescens and providencia rettgeri isolates. the du-6859a mic90 for pseudomonas aeruginosa and xanthomonas maltophilia was 0.5 m ...	1993	8109948
compositional analysis of peptidoglycan by high-performance anion-exchange chromatography.	a high-performance anion-exchange chromatography method with pulsed-amperometric detection has been developed for the simultaneous analysis of both amino acids and amino sugars and applied to the compositional analysis of peptidoglycan hydrolysates. chromatography of the acid hydrolysis products was performed on a carbopac pa-1 anion-exchange column, with pulsed-amperometric detection. complete resolution of the two amino sugars (glucosamine and muramic acid) and eight of the nine amino acids (a ...	1993	8214575
electron microscopic study of the attachment and penetration of rabbit intestinal epithelium by providencia alcalifaciens.	ilea of adult rabbits with removable ileal ties (ritard model) that developed diarrhoea and ileal loops of adult rabbits after inoculation with providencia alcalifaciens, isolated from two patients with diarrhoea, were studied by transmission electron microscopy for enterocyte-bacterial interactions. two modes of entry of bacteria into epithelial cells were seen: one directly by endocytosis associated with polymerization of cytoskeletal components and the other by disruption of tight junctions w ...	1993	8229460
in vitro activity of cefpodoxime compared with other oral cephalosporins tested against 5556 recent clinical isolates from five medical centers.	a multicenter study was conducted in which the in vitro activity of cefpodoxime (the active metabolite of the prodrug ester cefpodoxime proxetil) was compared with those of cefixime, cefuroxime, cefaclor, cefadroxil, and clarithromycin against 5556 recent clinical isolates. cefpodoxime demonstrated potent activity against members of the enterobacteriaceae, in particular against species generally resistant to the established oral cephalosporins such as proteus vulgaris [minimum inhibitory concent ...	1993	8243035
[antimicrobial activity of cefodizime against fresh clinical isolates].	in order evaluate antimicrobial activities of cefodizime (cdzm), minimum inhibitory concentrations (mic's) of cdzm and other control drugs were determined against various clinical isolates, that were sent to our center from nation-wide medical institutions or were isolated and identified in our laboratory from various specimens of infected patients. the followings are a summary of the results: 1. bacterial species with no or few strains resistant to cephems including cdzm included streptococcus ...	1993	8254888
[the antimicrobial activity of cefteram against recently clinically detected and isolated strains].	in order to examine antibiotic activities of cefteram (cftm), its minimum inhibitory concentrations (mic's) and those of other cephem drugs were determined against clinically isolated strains received from july 1990 to june 1991 and from july 1992 to february 1993 from medical facilities throughout the country and against clinically isolated strains detected in our laboratory in samples from patients with various infectious diseases. the obtained results are summarized below. 1. no cftm-resistan ...	1993	8254900
identification and typing of proteus penneri and proteus vulgaris biogroups 2 and 3, from clinical sources, by computerized analysis of electrophoretic protein patterns.	seventy-six strains of the proteus vulgaris complex (pr. penneri and pr. vulgaris biogroups 2 and 3) were characterized by one-dimensional sds-page of cellular proteins. the protein patterns were highly reproducible. the strains came from various countries and were mainly of human origin: urine (28), respiratory tract (13), wounds (8), faeces (7), blood (3), miscellaneous sources (6) and unknown sources (11). the patterns of these strains, together with those of the type strains of seven morgane ...	1993	8300450
[ciprofloxacin resistance in gram negative bacilli. epidemiologic aspects].	the aim of the present was to study the resistance to ciprofloxacin (cip) in gram negative bacilli (april 1990-march 1992) and to determine the temporary distribution of the resistant strains by species, samples and departments.	1993	8305553
[report of three cases of purple urine bag syndrome which occurred with a combination of both e. coli and m. morganii].	purple urine bag syndrome is a rare phenomenon in which bags turns purple or blue following catheterization. this phenomenon was reported to occur by providencia stuartii in the presence of indicanuria. we reported herein three females above 75 years of age having a similar phenomenon. all were bedridden chronically and constipated. in these cases, no growth of p. stuartii was found on repeated urine culture, but escherichia coli and morganella morganii were concomitantly isolated during the blu ...	1993	8320467
extent of peptidoglycan o acetylation in the tribe proteeae.	the degree of peptidoglycan o acetylation in 18 strains of the different genera of the tribe proteeae (proteus, providencia, and morganella) has been determined by high-performance liquid chromatography-based organic acid analysis of mild-base-released acetic acid and quantitation of peptidoglycan concentrations by simultaneous amino sugar-amino acid analysis using high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection. the n,o-diacetylmuramyl content of all isolated a ...	1993	8331084
emergence of antimicrobial resistance in gram-negative bacilli causing bacteremia during therapy.	treatment of serious infections caused by gram-negative bacilli with beta-lactam antimicrobial agents can induce class i beta-lactamase production. this phenomenon can result in resistant microorganisms, and has been postulated to be a cause of therapeutic failure. the charts of patients bacteremic with pseudomonas aeruginosa, serratia marcescens, enterobacter cloacae, citrobacter freundii, proteus vulgaris, and providencia species (n = 120) during a 3-year period were reviewed to determine how ...	1993	8346736
comparative in vitro activity of biapenem, a new carbapenem antibiotic.	biapenem is a new carbapenem antibiotic with high stability to human renal dehydropeptidase i. its in vitro activity was compared with that of imipenem, meropenem, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, piperacillin and gentamicin against a total of 650 recent clinical isolates. mics were determined by a standard agar dilution procedure and all isolates were tested at two inocula (10(4) and 10(6) cfu). biapenem inhibited 90% of isolates of escherichia coli, klebsiella spp., proteus mirabilis, proteus vulgari ...	1993	8354306