Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| in-vitro activity of roxithromycin against branhamella catarrhalis. | 1990 | 2120171 | |
| ceftibuten--in-vitro activity against respiratory pathogens, beta-lactamase stability and mechanism of action. | the in-vitro activity of ceftibuten against respiratory pathogenic bacteria was studied and compared with that of other oral beta-lactam agents. ceftibuten displayed high activity against haemophilus influenzae and branhamella catarrhalis. there was reduced activity against streptococcus pneumoniae (mic90 16 mg/l). the protein binding of ceftibuten was 77% and the primary target site pbp 3. a high degree of stability to beta-lactamase hydrolysis was observed. | 1990 | 2120175 |
| temafloxacin in acute purulent exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. | temafloxacin hydrochloride, a new fluoroquinolone, was given orally in doses of 300 or 600 mg twice daily for ten days to 36 patients, all hospitalized because of severe acute purulent exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. sputum cultures before, during and after treatment showed that the infection was eliminated in 12/18 evaluable patients given 300 mg and in 13/16 receiving the 600 mg doses. haemophilus influenzae, branhamella catarrhalis and streptococcus pneumoniae were effectively eliminated ... | 1990 | 2120178 |
| [respiratory infections caused by branhamella catarrhalis in 5 different hospitals]. | during 9 months (from january 1988 to september 1988), we experienced 82 patients (94 episodes) of respiratory infections with branhamella catarrhalis in 5 different hospitals. there were 11 patients of acute bronchitis, 8 patients of pneumonia, 56 patients of chronic bronchitis (68 episodes), 3 patients of bronchiectasis, 3 patients of bronchial asthma with infection and chronic pulmonary emphysema in one patient. ten cases of acute bronchitis and 3 cases of pneumonia had a recent history of co ... | 1990 | 2120497 |
| [isolation of branhamella catarrhalis from sputum and clinical features of bronchopulmonary infection due to branhamella catarrhalis]. | the authors investigated the isolation of branhamella catarrhalis from sputum and the clinical features of bronchopulmonary infection due to b. catarrhalis from january of 1983 to december of 1987 at the hokusyo central hospital. b. catarrhalis was cultured from 106 (3.8%) of 5,674 sputum specimens. the isolation rate did not vary during the 5 years from 1983 to 1987. approximately 70% of the patients had some underlying bronchopulmonary disease. the strains of beta-lactamase-positive b. catarrh ... | 1990 | 2120499 |
| branhamella catarrhalis: an organism gaining respect as a pathogen. | branhamella catarrhalis was formerly regarded as a common, essentially harmless inhabitant of the pharynx. this misapprehension was caused, in part, by confusion with another pharyngeal resident, neisseria cinerea. the two organisms can now be differentiated by the positive reactions of b. catarrhalis in tests for nitrate reduction and hydrolysis of tributyrin and dnase. b. catarrhalis is currently recognized as the third most frequent cause of acute otitis media and acute sinusitis in young chi ... | 1990 | 2121328 |
| effect of low concentrations of clavulanic acid on the in-vitro activity of amoxycillin against beta-lactamase-producing branhamella catarrhalis and haemophilus influenzae. | concentrations of amoxycillin/clavulanic acid achievable in the respiratory tract following oral dosage were assessed for in-vitro activity against beta-lactamase-producing strains of branhamella catarrhalis and haemophilus influenzae. in agar-dilution studies, 8 mg amoxycillin/l was required to inhibit 45 strains of beta-lactamase-producing b. catarrhalis, whereas all the strains were inhibited by 0.5 mg amoxycillin/l in the presence of 0.01 mg clavulanic acid/l. similarly, 0.1 mg amoxycillin p ... | 1990 | 2121699 |
| butyrate esterase (4-methylumbelliferyl butyrate) spot test, a simple method for immediate identification of moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis [corrected]. | a total of 47 moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis strains, 89 strains of neisseria spp., and 82 strains of miscellaneous bacteria and yeasts were studied by using a fluorogenic spot method which detects butyrate esterase. a positive butyrate esterase spot test correctly differentiated m. catarrhalis from neisseria spp., which had a negative butyrate esterase spot test reaction. the test is rapid, simple, and easy to perform. the butyrate esterase spot test was useful for direct identification of ... | 1990 | 2121784 |
| pulmonary clearance and phagocytic cell response in a murine model of branhamella catarrhalis infection. | c5-sufficient swiss-webster mice (c5+) and c5-deficient dba/2j mice (c5-) when challenged endotracheally with 2 x 10(7) cfu of branhamella catarrhalis rapidly clear the lungs of viable bacteria in 48 h. this rapid clearance correlates with a striking influx of polymorphonuclear neutrophils that is of equal magnitude in both c5+ and c5- animals. supernatant from todd-hewitt broth culture of b. catarrhalis exhibits in vivo chemotactic activity in the murine lung and in vitro chemotactic activity i ... | 1990 | 2121839 |
| changes in nasopharyngeal flora during otitis media of childhood. | the nasopharyngeal flora of healthy children were compared with flora in children with otitis media caused by nontypable haemophilus influenzae, streptococcus pneumoniae and moraxella catarrhalis. forty healthy children were followed prospectively and compared with 70 children with 43 episodes of nontypable h. influenzae, 21 episodes of s. pneumoniae and 28 episodes of m. catarrhalis otitis media. carriage of nontypable h. influenzae (95% vs. 65%, p less than 0.001), s. pneumoniae (91% vs. 52%, ... | 1990 | 2122410 |
| from micrococcus to moraxella. the reemergence of branhamella catarrhalis. | 1990 | 2122824 | |
| cytological and bacteriological aspects of secretory otitis media. | bacteriological and cytological examinations were performed on 105 middle ear secretions from 66 children with middle ear effusion (mee) of more than 3 months' duration. the secretions were searched for granulocytes and the activity of these cells was judged by their capacity for random locomotion and their ability to reduce nitroblue tetrazolium. the functional characteristics of the granulocytes were compared with the bacteriological findings on cultures from mee. bacteria commonly regarded as ... | 1990 | 2123111 |
| minimal criteria for identification of moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis. | a study was performed which aimed at testing the reliability of our routine diagnostic tests for identification of moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis in clinical samples from the respiratory tract. a preliminary diagnosis of 122 isolates as moraxella catarrhalis was obtained by using colony morphology and results of gram stain and oxidase test as the sole diagnostic criteria. by using additional tests we could show that the preliminary diagnosis was incorrect for 21 isolates, which were classif ... | 1990 | 2123112 |
| antimicrobial susceptibility and beta-lactamase characterization of branhamella catarrhalis isolates from 1983/1984 and 1988. | branhamella catarrhalis isolates from lower respiratory tract specimens collected in 1983/84 (n = 50) and 1988 (n = 30) were examined for beta-lactamase production. the percent of beta-lactamase-producing strains increased from 25% to 63% from 1983/84 to 1988. beta-lactamases from 30 strains could be typed, and of these 28 were of the bro-1 type and two the bro-2 type. the two beta-lactamase inhibitors, clavulanic acid and brobactam were very active against beta-lactamase extracts whether of the ... | 1990 | 2123390 |
| the occurrence of branhamella catarrhalis and other commensal neisseriaceae in clinical sputum specimens in lagos, nigeria. | branhamella catarrhalis and other commensal neisseria species were isolated from 200 out of 500 sputum samples from patients with lower respiratory tract (lrt) infections at the lagos university teaching hospital (luth). b. catarrhalis was isolated from 60 (12%). the isolation rates for other neisseria species were as follows: n. mucosa from 45 (9%), n. sicca from 40 (8%), n. lactamica from 35 (7%), n. cinerea from 12 (2.4%) and n. subflava from 8 (1.6%). b. catarrhalis occurred in pure cultures ... | 1990 | 2123801 |
| life threatening branhamella catarrhalis pneumonia in young infants. | branhamella catarrhalis is a common nasopharyngeal commensal organism but is also a recognised pathogen. lower respiratory tract infections caused by this organism have been reported in adults but not, to our knowledge, in otherwise healthy infants. two infants, born prematurely, suffered near fatal pneumonia. branhamella catarrhalis was the only microbial pathogen isolated in each case. we suggest that initial antibiotic therapy for severe pneumonia in young infants should be tailored to cover ... | 1990 | 2125625 |
| [pathogenesis of bacterial respiratory infection and new approach of the treatment]. | causative agents of respiratory infections has been changed because of increase in number of aged people and compromised host and the rapid development of new chemotherapeutic agents. especially branhamella catarrhalis (b. catarrhalis), which is very unique and has become a common respiratory pathogen, since 1980, in my department. attachment ability of b. catarrhalis to oropharyngeal cells coincided with the acute exacerbation of chronic respiratory infections by this bacterium and the same phe ... | 1990 | 2125670 |
| [branhamella catarrhalis: its respiratory pathogenicity in childhood]. | branhamella catarrhalis is a nasopharyngeal commensal which is being increasingly recognised as a pathogen, causing mainly infective exacerbations of chronic lung disease. it can also originate serious infections, like septicaemia, in patients with chronic predisposing conditions. during the period from 1979 to 1987, 22,501 respiratory tract samples from children were evaluated. ninety nine isolated of branhamella catarrhalis were identified (0.44%). patients' age extended from 12 days to 9 year ... | 1990 | 2125809 |
| respiratory tract carrier rates of moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis in adults and children and interpretation of the isolation of m. catarrhalis from sputum. | nonselective media and previously described selective media were used to study the occurrence of moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis in sputum samples of good and poor quality and in samples taken from different sites of the upper respiratory tracts of healthy subjects. it was found that in healthy adults the carrier rate was 5.4%, as opposed to 50.8% in children and 26.5% in people older than 60 years. m. catarrhalis was recovered significantly more often from sputum samples of good quality (5% ... | 1990 | 2126266 |
| labile type-specific antigen of moraxella catarrhalis. | by using hot acid extract and double-diffusion studies, an antigen isolated from clinical strains of moraxella catarrhalis, designated the c antigen, was studied. the antigen is labile, relatively trypsin insensitive, and either polysaccharide or glycoconjugate in nature. at least two serologically distinct c antigens have been identified. | 1990 | 2126268 |
| genetic basis of tetracycline resistance in moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis. | two-high-level-tetracycline-resistance moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis strains were shown to carry dna sequences which hybridized with the tet b probe. the determinant appeared to be located in the chromosome and was nontransferable. | 1990 | 2126694 |
| in vitro activity of bay v 3522, a new oral cephalosporin. | the in vitro activity of bay v 3522 was compared with the activities of cephalexin, cefaclor, cefuroxime, cefixime, and amoxicillin-clavulanate. mics (in micrograms/ml) of bay v 3522 were as follows: staphylococcus spp. (except for oxacillin-resistant strains), 0.13 to 1; streptococcus spp. (except for some viridans group streptococci), less than or equal to 0.015 to 0.25; enterococcus faecalis, 2 to 8; other enterococci, 0.5 to greater than 32; beta-lactamase-negative haemophilus influenzae and ... | 1990 | 2126697 |
| in-vitro activity of cefpodoxime against pathogens responsible for community-acquired respiratory tract infections. | the in-vitro activity of cefpodoxime, the active compound of the ester prodrug, cefpodoxime proxetil, was compared with that of other antibiotics. the susceptibility of bacterial isolates from patients with respiratory tract infections was determined by an agar dilution method. the mic90s of cefpodozime for ampicillin-sensitive and beta-lactamase-producing strains of haemophilus influenzae were 0.12 and 0.25 mg/l, respectively; the mic90s for ampicillin-resistant non-beta-lactamase-producing str ... | 1990 | 2127267 |
| antimicrobial resistance among respiratory isolates of haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis, and streptococcus pneumoniae in the united states. | a national surveillance study was conducted to determine trends in antimicrobial resistance patterns among three common causes of community-acquired respiratory tract infections. fifteen participating u.s. medical centers submitted clinically significant isolates of haemophilus influenzae, moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis, and streptococcus pneumoniae to two central laboratories for testing with a group of 12 antimicrobial agents. the majority of isolates were recovered from adult males great ... | 1990 | 2127342 |
| comparative in vitro activities of sparfloxacin (ci-978; at-4140) and other antimicrobial agents against staphylococci, enterococci, and respiratory tract pathogens. | the in vitro activity of sparfloxacin (ci-978; at-4140) was compared with those of other antimicrobial agents against isolates of staphylococci, enterococci, and various respiratory tract pathogens. sparfloxacin was the most active drug tested against staphylococci (mic for 90% of the strains tested [mic90], 0.125 micrograms/ml) and enterococci (mic90, 1.0 microgram/ml). it was also active against haemophilus influenzae (mic90, less than or equal to 0.06 microgram/ml), moraxella (branhamella) ca ... | 1990 | 2127351 |
| in-vitro activity of cefodizime against respiratory pathogens. | the in-vitro activity of cefodizime was studied against respiratory pathogens and was compared with the activity of other beta-lactams, ciprofloxacin and erythromycin. cefodizime displayed high activity against haemophilus influenzae (mic90 0.008 mg/l), branhamella catarrhalis and streptococcus pneumoniae (mic90 0.5 mg/l). klebsiella spp. were less susceptible (mic90 2 mg/l). it was concluded that cefodizime should be a useful agent in the therapy of respiratory tract infections. | 1990 | 2127417 |
| in vitro activity of bay v 3522, a new oral cephalosporin tested against haemophilus influenzae and branhamella catarrhalis. | the in vitro activity of bay v 3522, a new orally absorbed cephalosporin, was assessed against 150 clinical isolates each of haemophilus influenzae and branhamella catarrhalis. the mic90s for beta-lactamase-positive and -negative strains of h. influenzae were 8 and 2 micrograms/ml, respectively. for beta-lactamase-positive and -negative strains of b. catarrhalis, the bay v 3522 mic90s were 4 and 0.25 micrograms/ml, respectively. in general, bay v 3522 was less active against h. influenzae than a ... | 1990 | 2127558 |
| [bronchopulmonary infection due to branhamella catarrhalis in patients with obstructive lung disease]. | during the period from february 1988 to april 1990, 214 sputum samples from copd patients with bronchopulmonary infection were quantitatively cultured. 17 strains were identified as branhamella catarrhalis, being present in 7.9% of all sputum cultures and 11.0% of those positive for a pathogen (quantity = 10(10)/l of isolated organism). half of b. catarrhalis infection was isolated in mixed with other pathogens. haemophilus influenza was the most frequently associated pathogen. the second was h. ... | 1990 | 2128216 |
| ear discharge after insertion of transmyringeal tubes. | the peroperative bacteriology and cytology of the middle ear have been studied in 103 ears in 65 children operated on due to longstanding secretory otitis media. within one month postoperatively, 12 ears (12%) showed signs of infection with discharge from the tube. ten out of these 12 ears showed peroperative growth of hemophilus influenzae, branhamella catarrhalis, pneumococci or staphylococci in the middle ear effusions, a significant difference compared to ears without postoperative discharge ... | 1990 | 2128487 |
| [branhamella catarrhalis respiratory tract infections]. | forty-six hospitalised patients with respiratory tract infections (rti) in whom branhamella catarrhalis had been isolated were evaluated. on average they were 70 years old, there were 39 males and 7 females, 89% of them were smokers. in 85% branhamella catarrhalis caused exacerbation of chronic bronchitis and in 15% the pneumonia. most cases of this infection were detected in december and january. in vitro 78% of strains formed beta lactamasis. all 46 isolations were sensitive to cyprofloxacin, ... | 1990 | 2129309 |
| branhamella catarrhalis peritonitis in two continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients. | two cases of peritonitis caused by branhamella catarrhalis are presented. both occurred in capd patients dialyzed and hospitalized at the same institution, but no common source of infection could be found. branhamella catarrhalis infections can be difficult to treat and cause significant morbidity if not recognized early and treated aggressively with appropriate antibiotics. | 1990 | 2131805 |
| in vitro activity of tosufloxacin (a-60969) and clarithromycin (a-56268, te-031) against resistant haemophilus influenzae, streptococcus pneumoniae and branhamella catarrhalis isolates. | the activity of tosufloxacin (a-60969), a new oral quinolone, and clarithromycin (a-56268, te-031), a new oral macrolide, was compared in vitro to that of other oral quinolones and beta-lactam antimicrobial agents against clinical isolates of ampicillin and/or chloramphenicol resistant haemophilus influenzae, penicillin resistant streptococcus pneumoniae and beta-lactamase producing branhamella catarrhalis. results were compared to those for sensitive isolates. tosufloxacin was the most active c ... | 1990 | 2142647 |
| in vitro activity of cefonicid compared to other antibiotics against clinical bacterial isolates. | the in vitro activity of cefonicid compared to that of other antibiotics has been evaluated against 401 enterobacteriaceae, 20 h. influenzae, 17 branhamella catarrhalis and 71 staphylococci. cefonicid was always more active than cefazolin, and usually more active than cefamandole and cefuroxime against susceptible gram-negative organisms (e. coli, p. mirabilis, klebsiella, shigella, salmonella, h. influenzae). cefonicid was ineffective against most strains of enterobacter, citrobacter, s. marces ... | 1990 | 2164309 |
| the in-vitro activity of piperacillin/tazobactam, ciprofloxacin, ceftazidime and imipenem against multiple resistant gram-negative bacteria. | one hundred and fifty gram-negative bacterial strains including respiratory pathogens, such as haemophilus influenzae and branhamella catarrhalis, and enterobacteriaceae with known resistance to beta-lactam and other antibiotics were tested in vitro for sensitivity to piperacillin, piperacillin/tazobactam (ratio 8:1), ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin and imipenem. a 16-fold or greater reduction in the mic90 of piperacillin was achieved by the addition of tazobactam, in the respiratory pathogens, thus ... | 1990 | 2164513 |
| [the antimicrobial activity of fluoroquinolone agents against pathogenic organisms in respiratory tract infections and its clinical effect]. | the efficacy rate, minimal inhibitory concentrations (mics), and resistance of fluoroquinolone agents against causative organisms in respiratory tract infections from january to march, 1988 were investigated. of 333 pathogenic strains 85% consisted of 5 major causative organisms of respiratory tract infection (haemophilus influenzae, pseudomonas aeruginosa, streptococcus pneumoniae, branhamella catarrhalis, and staphylococcus aureus). in 61 (59 cases) of these 333 strains, including 3 cases of a ... | 1990 | 2176251 |
| pulmonary host defenses and oropharyngeal pathogens. | the lower respiratory tract is repetitively inoculated with oropharyngeal bacteria and yet pneumonia is an infrequent event. efficient mechanisms of antibacterial defense are present in the respiratory tract that eliminate microbes before their presence or multiplication leads to disease in the majority of instances. resident pulmonary defenses consist of aerodynamic defenses, the mucociliary apparatus, alveolar macrophages, complement, and surfactant. these resident defenses can be augmented by ... | 1990 | 2187343 |
| [randomized study of cefatrizine versus cefaclor in conjunctivitis otitis syndrome]. | the association conjunctivitis-otitis is highly suggestive of haemophilus influenzae infection. this conjunctivitis otitis syndrome could be a good model to assess the efficacy of different antibiotic regimen in the treatment of acute otitis media due to hi without tympanocentesis. this prospective randomized trial compared the efficacy of two orally cephalosporins which demonstrate in vitro an activity against hi. this study was conducted from 4.20.1988 to 3.15.1989 and involved 73 children wit ... | 1990 | 2200994 |
| overview of experience with ofloxacin in respiratory tract infection. | ofloxacin is highly active against common respiratory pathogens including haemophilus influenzae and branhamella catarrhalis and has clinically applicable activity against streptococcus pneumoniae, staphylococcus aureus and pseudomonas aeruginosa. sputum, lung tissue and bronchial mucosal concentrations of ofloxacin equal or, in most cases significantly exceed the mics of such pathogens. these in vitro attributes are reflected in the results of the worldwide ofloxacin clinical trial program whic ... | 1990 | 2218424 |
| comparative in vitro activity of cefpirome and cefepime, two new cephalosporins. | in in vitro tests the broad-spectrum cephalosporins cefpirome and cefepime were highly active against enterobacteriaceae, although often less so against strains resistant to amoxicillin-clavulanate and ticarcillin-clavulanate, and against most strains of acinetobacter spp. and aeromonas hydrophila. they were also active against pseudomonas aeruginosa, although strains with non-plasmid mediated beta-lactam resistance were sometimes less sensitive. other pseudomonas spp. varied in their sensitivit ... | 1990 | 2226498 |
| in vitro activity and beta-lactamase stability of the new oral cephalosporin bay v 3522. | the activity of the new oral cephalosporin bay v 3522 was compared to that of six other beta-lactam agents. bay v 3522 inhibited methicillin-susceptible staphylococcus aureus and staphylococcus epidermidis at less than or equal to 2 micrograms/ml, compared to mics of greater than or equal to 8 micrograms/ml for the other cephalosporins tested. it was more active against streptococcus pyogenes (mic less than or equal to 0.06 microgram/ml) than cefuroxime, cefixime, cephalexin and cefaclor. groups ... | 1990 | 2226499 |
| [synergy between sulbactam and ampicillin or cefoperazone in antimicrobial activity against beta-lactamase producing microorganisms. results with the use of microdilution broth method]. | antimicrobial activities of sulbactam (sbt) with ampicillin (abpc) or with cefoperazone (cpz), in other words, the effects of sbt, an beta-lactamase inhibitor, against beta-lactamase producing strains of clinical isolates, were studied using microdilution broth method. 1. beta-lactamase producing strains such as staphylococcus aureus, branhamella catarrhalis, haemophilus influenzae, escherichia coli and klebsiella pneumoniae decompose benzylpenicillin (pcg) which is one of substrates of the acid ... | 1990 | 2232151 |
| [studies on respiratory infections in primary care clinic (iii). distribution of bacteria isolated from patients with respiratory infections visiting 21 private clinics in the tohoku district of japan]. | the bacteriology of the isolates from the throat swab and the sputum respectively of 2,539 patients with respiratory infections visiting 21 private clinics in tohoku district of japan during the period from january to april in 1989 was documented. of the 2,539 patients, 1,694 had an acute upper respiratory infection, 609 had acute bronchitis, 46 had acute pneumonia, 84 had acute exacerbation of chronic respiratory infections and 106 had respiratory infections without diagnosis registered. 1887 ( ... | 1990 | 2243193 |
| [studies on respiratory infections in primary care clinic (iv). antibiotic sensitivity of bacteria isolated from patients with respiratory infections visiting 21 private clinics in the tohoku district of japan]. | we determined the mics of ampicillin, methicillin, cefaclor, cefixime, cefteram, ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin against a total of 1,448 strains from 11 species: 464 strains of staphylococcus aureus, 306 strains of streptococcus pneumoniae, 114 strains of streptococcus pyogenes, 37 strains of branhamella catarrhalis, 329 strains of haemophilus influenzae, 32 strains of escherichia coli, 66 strains of klebsiella pneumoniae, 26 strains of enterobacter cloacae, 20 strains of serratia marcescens, 12 st ... | 1990 | 2243194 |
| controversies in the treatment of streptococcal pharyngitis. | an increasing number of cases of sore throat caused by group a beta-hemolytic streptococci occur with concomitant colonization by organisms that may "protect" the streptococci through beta-lactamase inactivation of penicillin at the site of infection. the failure of penicillin to eradicate many of these bacteria, which include staphylococcus aureus, haemophilus influenzae, moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis and a multitude of pharyngeal anaerobes, may help to explain why penicillin is sometimes ... | 1990 | 2244548 |
| circulation in italy of beta-lactamase-producing strains within the major groups of bacterial pathogens. | a multicenter study was undertaken in italy to assess the circulation of beta-lactamase-producing organisms and their current incidence within the major groups of bacterial pathogens. almost four thousand strains, all freshly isolated from clinical material, were examined at four centers serving different areas of italy. despite some significant center-to-center differences, this survey documented the occurrence of a large overall circulation of beta-lactamase-producing organisms among clinical ... | 1990 | 2253734 |
| comparative in vitro activity of the new oral cephalosporin bay v 3522 against aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. | the in vitro activity of the new oral cephalosporin bay v 3522 against 229 aerobic and 330 anaerobic clinical isolates was determined using the agar dilution technique. for comparison, amoxicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanate, cefaclor, cefadroxil, cefuroxime, cephalexin, ciprofloxacin, clindamycin, co-trimoxazole, doxycycline, erythromycin and metronidazole (only anaerobic bacteria) were tested. bay v 3522 was found to have high activity against staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus epidermidis, en ... | 1990 | 2261923 |
| treatment of community-acquired lower respiratory tract infections with oral cefuroxime axetil. | the subjects were adult hospitalized patients, 12 with pneumonia and eight with acute bronchitis. the patients with pneumonia received 500 mg of cefuroxime orally twice daily and the patients with bronchitis received 250 mg twice daily. treatment lasted for ten days in responsive patients. the pathogens identified in the patients' sputum were streptococcus pneumoniae, klebsiella pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, enterobacter aerogenes, staphylococcus aureus, or branhamella catarrhalis. clinica ... | 1990 | 2268866 |
| role of new cephamycins in the management of obstetric and gynecologic infections. | the results of in vitro and in vivo studies of cefmetazole, a second-generation cephamycin, were reviewed. cefmetazole's spectrum of activity includes clinical coverage of many enterobacteriaceae, staphylococci, streptococci, haemophilus species, pathogenic neisseria organisms, moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis and anaerobic bacteria. cefmetazole is generally two to eight times more potent than cefoxitin against organisms within their spectra and is most active against staphylococci (minimal i ... | 1990 | 2277375 |
| ofloxacin concentrations in tissues involved in respiratory tract infections. | the literature on the penetration of ofloxacin from blood to respiratory tissue and secretions in patients is reviewed. in patients with acute purulent exacerbations of chronic bronchitis ofloxacin has a cmax value in sputum of 2.7 mg/l after a 400 mg oral dose, 6.1 mg/l after 600 mg and 6.3 mg/l after 800 mg. penetration from blood to sputum varied from 80 to 100%. the concentration of ofloxacin in bronchial aspirate, 1 to 6 h after a single oral dose of 400 mg, varied between 1.1 and 4.5 mg/l. ... | 1990 | 2286591 |
| a double-blind comparison of low-dose ofloxacin and amoxycillin/clavulanic acid in acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. | the efficacy and safety of ofloxacin 400 mg once daily and amoxycillin/clavulanic acid 500/125 mg three times daily were compared in a double-blind manner in patients with an acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis. of 102 patients enrolled, 95 (93%) could be assessed for effectiveness. treatment success was achieved in 41 (84%) of 49 patients in the ofloxacin group compared with 41 (89%) of 46 patients in the amoxycillin/clavulanic acid group. one patient who received ofloxacin and four patien ... | 1990 | 2286595 |
| [susceptibilities of clinical bacterial isolates to antimicrobial agents. a study mainly focused on imipenem. reported by the research group for testing imipenem susceptibility on clinical isolates]. | this study was conducted to investigate susceptibilities of clinical bacterial isolates to imipenem (ipm) and other antibacterial agents at 64 hospital laboratories throughout japan from september to december of 1988. in this study, identification and susceptibility testing were carried out at each laboratory and the tests were performed according to the disk dilution method recommended by nccls in which susceptibilities are classified into "s", "ms", "i" and "r". ipm showed markedly high in vit ... | 1990 | 2287060 |
| epidemiological features and chemotherapy of community-acquired respiratory tract infections. | the epidemiology of community-acquired respiratory tract infections (rti) is reviewed with emphasis on acute pharyngitis, otitis media, sinusitis, epiglottitis and pneumonia. the numerical importance of upper respiratory tract infections is stressed and their economic impact discussed. community-acquired pneumonia, although less common, is a more serious infection with a frequent requirement for hospitalization. the heterogeneous microbial aetiology of rti is stressed, together with the impact t ... | 1990 | 2292531 |
| [studies on respiratory infections in primary care clinic (ii). distribution and antibiotic sensitivity to 45 agents of bacteria isolated from patients with respiratory infections visiting a doctor in private practice]. | the bacteriology of the isolates from the sputum or the throat swab of patients with respiratory infections visiting a doctor in private practice in sendai city during the period from march in 1988 to february in 1989 was documented, and their sensitivity to 45 antimicrobial agents was determined. of the 568 patients, 514 cases had acute pharyngitis, 8 cases each had acute tonsillitis and acute bronchitis, 7 cases were acute pneumonia, 6 cases had herpangina, 18 cases had hand-foot-mouth disease ... | 1990 | 2335751 |
| [evaluation of imipenem/cilastatin sodium in the treatment of respiratory tract infections]. | imipenem/cilastatin sodium (ipm/cs) was administered to 55 patients with respiratory tract infections (rti). a clinical evaluation of ipm/cs was carried out in 51 patients, 28 with pneumonia, 4 with pulmonary abscess, 1 with pyothorax, 6 with bronchitis, 9 with bronchiectasis, 1 with diffuse panbronchiolitis and 2 with rti with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and the clinical efficacy rate was 78.4%. causative organisms were isolated in 23 strains out of 20 patients, such as staphylococcu ... | 1990 | 2348550 |
| decreased absence due to infectious diseases in children at two day care centres over an eight-year interval. | causes of absence were recorded at two day care centres during a seven-month period in 1979/80 and a corresponding period in 1987/88, for 82 and 87 children, respectively. during the eight-year interval absence due to disease decreased from 8.2% to 5.7% of total day-care days. a decrease in epidemic diseases during the eight years was evident. there were no cases of morbilli, parotitis or rubella in 1987/88, following an immunisation programme for these diseases initiated in 1982. an out-break o ... | 1990 | 2349881 |
| the in-vitro activity of cefpodoxime: a comparison with other oral cephalosporins. | the in-vitro activity of cefpodoxime was studied in 529 clinical isolates and compared with the activity of other oral beta-lactams. amongst the enterobacteriaceae cefpodoxime was very active (mic90 less than or equal to 1 mg/l--other than genera commonly possessing chromosomal beta-lactamases). against these strains cefpodoxime was comparable in activity to cefixime and about eight-fold more active than cefuroxime and 8-16-fold more active than cefaclor and cephalexin. staphylococcus aureus str ... | 1990 | 2351624 |
| the microbiology of chronic sinus disease in children with respiratory allergy. | chronic maxillary sinusitis is common in children with respiratory allergy and is associated with increased morbidity. the bacteriology of chronic sinus disease in these children has not been adequately evaluated. between may 1987 and january 1988, 12 children (aged 3 to 9 years), all with documented respiratory allergy and chronic respiratory symptoms consistent with chronic sinusitis (greater than 30 days), were fully evaluated. history, physical examination, complete blood count, nasal smear, ... | 1990 | 2355153 |
| in vitro activity of bay v 3522, a new cephalosporin, compared with activities of other agents. | the in vitro activity of bay v 3522, a new aminobenzothiazol cephem, was compared with those of other oral beta-lactams. bay v 3522 displayed high activity against staphylococcus spp. (mics for 90% of strains tested [mic90s], 0.5 micrograms/ml), streptococcus pneumoniae (mic90, 0.06 micrograms/ml), and haemophilus influenzae and branhamella catarrhalis (mic90s, 2 micrograms/ml). there was limited activity against members of the family enterobacteriaceae, with the mic90s being between 4 and great ... | 1990 | 2360820 |
| [activity of cefuroxime against bacterial strains isolated from acute otitis media]. | the acute otitis media is a frequent infantile disease and, in 80% of cases, a bacterial strain can be isolated from the otorrhoea. haemophilus influenzae and streptococcus pneumoniae are the two major species isolated from auricular exudate, and represent two thirds of all isolated strains, with the others comprising staphylococcus aureus, branhamella catarrhalis, pseudomonas aeruginosa, enterobacteriaceae and corynebacteria. the treatment of this disease is based principally on beta-lactams (a ... | 1990 | 2367151 |
| [clinical examination of ceftibuten in acute bronchitis]. | clinical evaluation of ceftibuten (cetb, 7432-s) was performed in 20 patients with acute bronchitis. they were consisted of 10 males and 10 females aged from 20 to 80 years old. cetb was given orally in daily dose of 300 mg (18 cases) or 600 mg (2 cases) in three divided portions. the duration of administration was 3 to 14 days. especially they were given for 7 days in 16 cases. a total of 11 strains comprising 4 strains of staphylococcus aureus, 2 strains of beta-streptococcus and 1 strain each ... | 1990 | 2391747 |
| comparative in vitro activity of win 57273, a new fluoroquinolone antimicrobial agent. | the in vitro activity of win 57273, a new fluoroquinolone antimicrobial agent, was evaluated against approximately 600 bacterial isolates. the new drug was 4- to 128-fold more active than ciprofloxacin against a broad range of gram-positive organisms, with the new drug inhibiting 90% of strains of each species except enterococcus faecium at concentrations of less than or equal to 0.25 microgram/ml. win 57273 was four- to eightfold less active than ciprofloxacin against many members of the family ... | 1990 | 2393275 |
| oral cephalosporins in perspective. | oral cephalosporins, after 25 years of use, continue to present the clinician with a therapeutic challenge. the older agents have been extensively prescribed for ambulatory adult and pediatric patients with a wide variety of infections caused by gram-positive and some gram-negative organisms. the newer agents, cefaclor, cefuroxime axetil, and cefixime, have increased in vitro activity against beta-lactamase-secreting strains of haemophilus influenzae and branhamella catarrhalis which has made th ... | 1990 | 2405586 |
| therapy of otitis media. | the epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, complications and sequelae, and therapy of otitis media are reviewed. otitis media is one of the most common infections in infants and children. epidemiologic studies have identified season of the year, bottle versus breast feeding, socioeconomic status, race, sex, and daycare attendance as factors associated with the occurrence of otitis media. the condition is believed to arise secondary to eustachian tube dysfunction in the presence of viral or bacte ... | 1990 | 2406100 |
| bronchial hyperresponsiveness and bacterial respiratory infections. | some studies suggest a potential role for bacterial respiratory tract infections in the development of bronchospasm and the progression of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd). patients with bronchiectasis or cystic fibrosis have exaggerated airway reactivity; croup in children can also cause exaggerated upper and lower airway responsiveness. bronchial obstruction after inhalation of haemophilus influenzae and other bacteria has been reported. between january 1989 and june 1990 we and tw ... | 1991 | 1709390 |
| possible presence of a capsule in branhamella catarrhalis. | clinical isolates of branhamella catarrhalis from patients with respiratory infections were used in this study. electron microscopic observation after treating branhamella catarrhalis with immune serum and ruthenium red revealed the capsule. in the phagocytosis test, most organisms were not ingested by human polymorphonuclear neutrophils in the presence of normal rabbit serum (nrs), while organisms were primarily cell associated and apparently ingested in the presence of immunized rabbit serum ( ... | 1991 | 1719358 |
| histidine decarboxylases from bacteria that colonise the human respiratory tract. | we investigated whether production of histamine by bacteria isolated from sputum of patients with infective lung diseases could be attributed to the presence of histidine decarboxylase (hd). twenty gram-positive and 20 gram-negative organisms were studied for their ability to decarboxylate 14c-histidine in vitro over the ph range 4.5-7.5. of the bacteria investigated, lysates from the gram-negative species haemophilus influenzae, h. parainfluenzae, moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis and pseudom ... | 1991 | 1721655 |
| the use of oral antibiotics in daily clinical practice. | in the treatment of infectious diseases in daily clinical practice, the physician is faced with a wide choice of antibiotics. rational antibiotic use requires knowledge of the pathogens causing disease at that site, and the prevalence of resistance. in outpatient respiratory tract infection, for example, 3 pathogens, branhamella (moraxella) catarrhalis, haemophilus influenzae and streptococcus pneumoniae, predominate, beta-lactamase production by the first 2 is a significant factor in antibiotic ... | 1991 | 1725147 |
| direct and indirect pathogenicity of beta-lactamase-producing bacteria in respiratory tract infection in children. role of cephalosporins resistant to enzymatic hydrolysis. | a recent increase in the incidence of beta-lactamase-producing aerobic and anaerobic bacteria in upper respiratory tract infection has been associated with an increase in the failure rate of penicillin treatment of these infections. experimental evidence for this correlation has been reported by many investigators, who have described the sheltering of susceptible pathogens by beta-lactamase-producing organisms as 'indirect pathogenicity'. the organisms implicated in mixed infections that coopera ... | 1991 | 1725149 |
| clinical efficacy and tolerability of cefixime in the treatment of acute sinusitis. | in a noncomparative trial, 73 adults with acute sinusitis confirmed by x-ray received cefixime 400mg once daily for approximately 10 days. at the end of treatment, 60 patients (82%) were cured, 2 (2.7%) had improved and 7 (9.6%) had failed therapy; 4 patients were not evaluable. no relapses were observed at follow-up. haemophilus influenzae, streptococcus pneumoniae and branhamella (moraxella) catarrhalis were the main pretreatment pathogens, accounting for 65% of all bacterial isolates. overall ... | 1991 | 1725150 |
| cefpodoxime proxetil in upper respiratory tract infections. | cefpodoxime proxetil is a new third generation oral cephalosporin, which shows potent antibacterial activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, and high stability in the presence of beta-lactamases. low concentrations of cefpodoxime inhibit most respiratory pathogens, including haemophilus influenzae, streptococcus pneumoniae, and moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis. cefpodoxime reaches concentrations of 0.24 +/- 0.06 mg/kg in tonsils, 0.89 +/- 0.80 mg/kg in lung parenchyma, ... | 1991 | 1726205 |
| cefpodoxime proxetil in the treatment of lower respiratory tract infections. | cefpodoxime proxetil is the orally absorbed ester of cefpodoxime, a new third generation cephalosporin. in the gastrointestinal tract, cefpodoxime proxetil is hydrolysed to cefpodoxime, which has potent antibacterial activity against the major bacterial pathogens involved in lower respiratory tract infections: haemophilus influenzae, moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis (including beta-lactamase-producing strains), and streptococcus pneumoniae (including amoxicillin-resistant strains). six random ... | 1991 | 1726206 |
| the in-vitro activity of temafloxacin compared with other antimicrobial agents. | temafloxacin, like other 4-quinolones, was highly active against most isolates of enterobacteriaceae. it was slightly less active than ciprofloxacin but approximately as active as ofloxacin and enoxacin. it was the most active of the quinolones against acinetobacter spp. and xanthomonas maltophilia but was slightly less active than ciprofloxacin against pseudomonas spp. temafloxacin was highly active against haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis and neisseria gonorrhoeae and was the most ... | 1991 | 1657855 |
| in-vitro activity of win 57273 compared to the activity of other fluoroquinolones and two beta-lactam antibiotics. | win 57273, a new fluoroquinolone, was four to 128-fold more active than ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin against gram-positive bacteria. the mic90 for staphylococcus aureus was 0.015 mg/l and for s. epidermidis, 0.03 mg/l. all lancefield group a, b, c, & g streptococci, streptococcus bovis and s. pneumoniae were inhibited by less than or equal to 0.06 mg/l compared to 0.5 mg/l for tosufloxacin and 2 mg/l for ciprofloxacin. for anaerobic bacteria win 57273 had an mic90 for bacteroides of 1 mg/l, and f ... | 1991 | 1657856 |
| spectrum of activity of azithromycin. | in recent years, a number of newer macrolides have been developed. one such antibiotic is azithromycin, which has a 15-membered ring structure and is classed as an azalide. the limitations of erythromycin and the discovery of pathogenic bacteria such as campylobacter, legionella and chlamydia species provide incentives to study the usefulness of newer antibiotics of this class. azithromycin has good activity against staphylococci, streptococci, moraxella catarrhalis and other rapidly growing pyo ... | 1991 | 1662624 |
| in vitro activity of temafloxacin against gram-negative bacteria: an overview. | the in vitro activities of temafloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and ofloxacin against gram-negative bacteria are compared. the 90% minimal inhibitory concentrations (mic90s) of temafloxacin for respiratory pathogens such as haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis, neisseria meningitidis, bordetella pertussis, and legionella pneumophila are less than or equal to 0.06 micrograms/ml. temafloxacin is also active against bacterial agents of sexually transmitted diseases, including neisseria gonorrhoeae ... | 1991 | 1662890 |
| the in-vitro activity of tosufloxacin, a new fluorinated quinolone, compared with that of ciprofloxacin and temafloxacin. | tosufloxacin was highly active in vitro against most isolates of enterobacteriaceae. it was slightly less active than ciprofloxacin for most species but more active than temafloxacin. it was the most active agent against acinetobacter spp., xanthomonas maltophilia and some pseudomonas spp. but was slightly less active than ciprofloxacin against the fluorescent pseudomonads. tosufloxacin was highly active against strains of haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis, neisseria gonorrhoeae and ... | 1991 | 1663930 |
| the role of temafloxacin in the community setting: an overview. | the use of new quinolones has become established therapy for many community infections including urinary tract infection, genital infection, soft tissue infection and some forms of lower respiratory tract infection. however, there has been an undercurrent of anxiety concerning their efficacy in pneumococcal infections. temafloxacin has improved activity against pneumococci and its high oral bioavailability and excellent penetration into respiratory tissues now combine to provide a suitable profi ... | 1991 | 1664825 |
| in vitro activity of sparfloxacin (ci-978, at-4140, and pd 131501). a quinolone with high activity against gram-positive bacteria. | sparfloxacin (ci-978, at-4140 and pd 131501) is a new antimicrobial agent of the piperazinyl quinolone class. relative to other quinolones, it is a potent antistaphylococcal and antistreptococcal drug in vitro: the microbroth 90% minimum inhibitory concentration (mic90) (in microgram/ml) was 0.25 vs 26 methicillin-resistant and -sensitive coagulase-positive and -negative staphylococci and 20 streptococcus pneumoniae; 0.5 vs 20 strains each of s. pyogenes, s. agalactiae, and enterococcus faecalis ... | 1991 | 1665775 |
| the role of branhamella catarrhalis in the "bloody-nose syndrome" of cynomolgus macaques. | during a 15-month period, 25 cynomolgus macaques (macaca fascicularis) at the johns hopkins university were observed to have nasal discharge. fifteen (60%) of these animals had positive nasal cultures for branhamella catarrhalis. clinical signs associated with infection by this bacterium were sneezing, epistaxis, and mucohemorrhagic nasal discharge. treatment with antibiotics resulted in prompt resolution of clinical signs. post-therapeutic nasal cultures were negative for b. catarrhalis. two gr ... | 1991 | 1666136 |
| [multicenter study of the rosco-neisseria system for the identification of pathogenic neisserias and branhamella catarrhalis]. | the commercial rosco-neisseria system was evaluated in the identification of 228 oxidase-positive gram-negative diplococci and it was compared with conventional tests. the procedure detects gamma-glutamyl aminopeptidase, onpg, tributyrin hydrolysis, and sensitivity to the disk of 10 micrograms of colistin. a correct identification was obtained in the 65 strains of neisseria gonorrhoeae, the 33 of n. meningitidis, the 12 of n. lactamica, and the 56 of b. catarrhalis. the method was also able to d ... | 1991 | 1677275 |
| restriction enzyme analysis of chromosomal dna and its application in epidemiological studies. | the ability to examine the bacterial genome directly eliminates the problems associated with the variable expression of proteins which may be encountered with protein-based typing or 'fingerprinting' techniques. bacterial dna is extracted by a rapid method, digested with a restriction endonuclease and the resulting fragments separated by gel electrophoresis to give a characteristic banding pattern. the choice of restriction endonuclease for a particular bacterial species is critical; an enzyme w ... | 1991 | 1679812 |
| a comparison of the in-vitro activity of clarithromycin, a new macrolide antibiotic, with erythromycin and other oral agents. | on the basis of minimum inhibitory concentrations clarithromycin (6-o-methylerythromycin), a new macrolide, was found to be slightly more active than erythromycin against staphylococcus aureus, enterococci. moraxella catarrhalis, gardnerella vaginalis, bacteroides fragilis (sensu stricto) and b. ureolyticus and slightly less active against coagulase-negative staphylococci, alpha- and beta-haemolytic streptococci, haemophilus influenzae, campylobacter coli/jejuni and the b. melaninogenicus/oralis ... | 1991 | 1684981 |
| mechanism of adherence of moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis. | we examined the mechanisms of adherence of moraxella catarrhalis to nasopharyngeal epithelial cells. fimbriae were detected by electron microscopy on most of the strains studied. a role of fimbriae in adherence was supported by the reduction in adherence by treatments denaturing the fimbriae or by antifimbrial antibodies. there was, however, no significant difference in adhesive capacity or hemagglutination between fimbriated and non-fimbriated strains. furthermore, there was no correlation betw ... | 1991 | 1685025 |
| bacteriology of the ethmoid bullae in children with chronic sinusitis. | cultures from 105 children with chronic sinusitis who had failed aggressive medical management were retrospectively studied. patients with immunodeficiency and cystic fibrosis were excluded from the study. because the most common sites of disease were the infundibula and anterior ethmoid sinuses, samples of mucosa removed from the anterior ethmoid bullae during endoscopic ethmoidectomy were routinely cultured for aerobic and anaerobic organisms. fungal cultures were performed for 55 bullae. the ... | 1991 | 1991059 |
| randomized comparative study of ceftibuten versus cefaclor in the treatment of acute lower respiratory tract infections. | in a randomized, single-blind trial, ceftibuten in doses of 200 mg and 300 mg administered b.i.d., was compared with cefaclor 500 mg t.i.d. in acute lower respiratory tract infections. a total 545 patients were enrolled, of which 263 were evaluable for efficacy. all patients were adults with a diagnosis of either bacterial pneumonia or bronchitis. the infective organism was eliminated in 83% of the patients in the ceftibuten 200-mg b.i.d. treatment group and in 85% of patients in the 300-mg b.i. ... | 1991 | 2013204 |
| antimicrobial activity and spectrum of ceftibuten (7432-s, sch 39720)--a review of united states and canadian results. | preliminary in vitro studies of ceftibuten in the united states and canada have demonstrated a potent activity against enteric bacilli (greater than 90% of routine clinical isolates), haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis, neisseria spp., most b-hemolytic streptocci, and streptococcus pneumoniae. ceftibuten was demonstrated to be bactericidal, minimally influenced by high inocula, beta-lactamase stable, an inhibitor of type ia beta-lactamase, and potentially usable against some enterobac ... | 1991 | 2013209 |
| comparative antimicrobial spectrum and activity of ceftibuten against clinical isolates from west germany. | the in vitro activity of a new oral cephalosporin, ceftibuten, was determined against 837 clinical isolates by agar dilution technique and compared with that of the oral cephalosporins, cefaclor, cefuroxime, cefixime, cefpodoxime, and cefprozil. against enterobacteriaceae, ceftibuten was the most active of the compounds. ceftibuten mic90s were less than or equal to 0.25 micrograms/ml for most members of the family enterobacteriaceae, 0.13 microgram/ml for haemophilus influenzae, 4 micrograms/ml ... | 1991 | 2013211 |
| in vitro antibacterial activities of pd 131628, a new 1,8-naphthyridine anti-infective agent. | pd 131628 is a new aminopyrrolidine-substituted fluorocyclopropyl naphthyridine quinolone which possesses high in vitro activity against a wide spectrum of bacterial species. the mics for greater than or equal to 90% of strains were 0.125 to 0.25 microgram/ml for staphylococci, streptococcus pyogenes, and s. pneumoniae; 0.5 micrograms/ml for s. agalactiae and enterococcus faecalis; 0.125 micrograms/ml for members of the family enterobacteriaceae and acinetobacter spp.; 0.5 micrograms/ml for pseu ... | 1991 | 2014970 |
| in vitro activity of a catechol-substituted cephalosporin, gr69153. | the in vitro activity of gr69153, a new catechol-substituted cephalosporin, was compared with those of ceftazidime, imipenem, meropenem, and ceftriaxone against 604 recent clinical isolates and other strains with known mechanisms of resistance. the mics of gr69153 for 90% of the members of the family enterobacteriaceae tested were less than 0.5 micrograms/ml, with the exceptions of those for serratia spp. (4 micrograms/ml), citrobacter spp. (2 micrograms/ml), and enterobacter spp. (8 micrograms/ ... | 1991 | 2024966 |
| continuous activity of significant antibiotics. | respiratory tract infections (rtis) are the primary cause of antibiotic use in general practice. since the first penicillin was introduced for therapeutic purposes, several classes of antibiotics have been used in the treatment of community-acquired rtis. the phase when penicillins g and v could be active in rtis was relatively short lived due to the early emergence of resistant organisms. ampicillin and amoxicillin have been used successfully for more than 20 years in the treatment of rtis. in ... | 1991 | 2029722 |
| activity of temafloxacin against respiratory pathogens. | the activity of the quinolone temafloxacin against respiratory pathogens was compared with those of ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin. mics for 90% of strains tested indicated that temafloxacin was at least two- to fourfold more potent than the other two quinolones against staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus pneumoniae, and legionella pneumophila. temafloxacin had potency equal to that of ciprofloxacin and was twofold more active than ofloxacin against streptococcus pyogenes. moraxella catarrhalis, a ... | 1991 | 2039192 |
| [bacteriological, pharmacokinetic and clinical evaluations of cefpirome sulfate in the pediatric field. pediatric study group of cefpirome]. | a research group was organized with the purpose of making basic and clinical studies on cefpirome sulfate (hr810, cpr), a newly developed cephalosporin antibiotic, in the pediatric field. through meetings a joint research was done involving 19 key institutions and their related facilities throughout japan. the obtained results are summarized as follows. 1. antibacterial activities minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) were determined against 71 gram-positive and 110 gram-negative bacteria in ... | 1991 | 2041150 |
| [pharmacokinetic and clinical studies on cefpirome in pediatrics]. | cefpirome (cpr, hr 810), a new parenteral cephalosporin antibiotic, was studied for its pharmacokinetics, bacteriological and clinical effects in the field of pediatrics. 1. cpr was very active against staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus epidermidis, coagulase-negative staphylococci, streptococcus pneumoniae among gram-positive cocci. antibacterial activities of cpr were also strong against branhamella catarrhalis, haemophilus influenzae, escherichia coli, salmonella sp., klebsiella oxytoca, e ... | 1991 | 2041158 |
| [neonatal conjunctivitis in a nursery and a neonatal unit]. | after credé prophylaxis was abandoned at our hospital in 1984 scrupulous clinical surveillance of all neonates for conjunctivitis, and bacterial cultures from purulent eye discharge, have become routine. during the two-year period 1 march 1987 to 28 february 1989, testing for chlamydia trachomatis (eia-technique) was added in all infants with clinical conjunctivitis. during the period concerned there were 332 cases of conjunctivitis among 4,520 live born infants, an incidence of 7.3%. the incide ... | 1991 | 2042130 |
| open randomized controlled parallel study of ofloxacin versus trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole treatment of lower respiratory tract and urinary infections. | a total of 60 patients with lower respiratory tract or urinary tract infections were enrolled in an open, randomized, controlled, parallel study comparing 300 mg ofloxacin (ofx) b.i.d. with trimethoprim + sulfamethoxazole (tmp 800 mg + smx 160 mg), 1 tablet, b.i.d. the signs and symptoms of low respiratory tract infection were cured in 12 patients (80%) of the ofx group and improved in 2 other patients (13%); at the end of therapy, the 2 germs that persisted were streptococcus pneumoniae and bra ... | 1991 | 2049964 |
| in vitro activity of ro 09-1428 compared to other cephalosporins. | the in vitro activity of ro 09-1428, a new catechol-type parenteral cephalosporin, was compared to that of ceftazidime, e-1040, cefpirome and cefepime against gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. ro 09-1428 inhibited group a streptococci at less than or equal to 0.12 micrograms/ml, and group b, c and g streptococci and streptococcus pneumoniae at 0.5 micrograms/ml, whereas for staphylococcus aureus ro 09-1428 had mics of 8-16 micrograms/ml similar to ceftazidime and e-1040. against pseudom ... | 1991 | 1748124 |
| in vitro activity of cefcanel versus other oral cephalosporins. | cefcanel is a new orally absorbed cephalosporin. its activity was compared with that of cefuroxime, cefaclor, cephalexin, and cefixime against gram-positive and negative aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. cefcanel had excellent activity against methicillin-susceptible staphylococcus aureus and staphylococcus epidermidis, mic90 1 micrograms/ml, superior to the other oral cephalosporins. however, methicillin-resistant staphylococci were resistant, mic greater than or equal to 16 micrograms/ml. strept ... | 1991 | 1748125 |
| fluoroquinolones in respiratory infections. | the fluoroquinolones have excellent activity against a number of respiratory pathogens, especially gram-negative bacteria, including beta-lactamase-producing hemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis. several studies have shown ciprofloxacin to be effective in the treatment of acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis, some community-acquired and nosocomial pneumonia, and acute exacerbations of bronchopulmonary infections in cystic fibrosis. the fluoroquinolones have less activity against ... | 1991 | 1754733 |
| pharmacokinetics of cefuroxime axetil suspension in infants and children. | the pharmacokinetics of cefuroxime axetil suspension in 28 infants and children, ranging in age from 3 months to 12 years (mean, 23 months), were studied. mean maximum serum cefuroxime concentrations of 3.3, 5.1, and 7.0 micrograms/ml were achieved 3.6, 2.7, and 3.1 h after the administration of doses of 10, 15, and 20 mg, respectively, of cefuroxime axetil suspension per kg of body weight together with milk or milk formula. these concentrations exceed the mics for common respiratory tract patho ... | 1991 | 1759825 |
| tgf-beta 1 induces germ-line transcripts of both iga subclasses in human b lymphocytes. | immunoglobulin (ig) class switching appears to be preceded by induction of germ-line transcripts. in this report, we demonstrate that transforming growth factor beta (tgf-beta) induces germ-line transcripts of both the iga subclasses (iga1 and iga2) in branhamella catarrhalis (bc)-activated human spleen b cells. two germ-line bands, one of approximately 1.85 kb and the other of approximately 1.6 kb, could be seen in cultures treated with tgf-beta. the approximately 1.85 kb band contains mrna for ... | 1991 | 1760405 |