Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| a capsule-deficient mutant of francisella tularensis lvs exhibits enhanced sensitivity to killing by serum but diminished sensitivity to killing by polymorphonuclear leukocytes. | the live vaccine strain (lvs) of francisella tularensis is killed by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes as a result of strictly oxygen-dependent mechanisms (s. löfgren, a. tärnvik, m. thore, and j. carlsson, infect. immun. 43:730-734, 1984). we now report that a capsule-deficient (cap-) mutant of lvs survives in the leukocytes. in contrast to the encapsulated parent strain, the cap- mutant was avirulent in mice and was susceptible to the bactericidal effect of nonimmune human serum. the mutant w ... | 1988 | 3356465 |
| agglutinins and antibodies to francisella tularensis outer membrane antigens in the early diagnosis of disease during an outbreak of tularemia. | tularemia was diagnosed in 57 patients during an outbreak in central norway in 1984 and 1985. clinical categories of the disease showed seasonal variations. a bacterial microagglutination test and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) with class-specific antibodies against francisella tularensis outer membrane (om) antigens were evaluated for the early diagnosis of tularemia. elisa with immunoglobulin g (igg), iga, or igm antibodies and the microagglutination test differed only marginally ... | 1988 | 3356786 |
| influence of genetic background on host resistance to experimental murine tularemia. | the host response to experimental murine tularemia was examined in different inbred mouse strains. the kinetics of growth of francisella tularensis live vaccine strain (lvs) in the livers and spleens of a and c57bl/6 mice were monitored, and it was observed that mice of the a strain were more susceptible to the proliferation of lvs than were c57bl/6 mice. the difference was most marked 5 days following infection, when the number of bacteria isolated from the spleens of a mice was found to exceed ... | 1988 | 3397185 |
| [use of the elisa immunoenzyme method for the detection of the causative agent of tularemia]. | the conditions of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for the detection of francisella tularensis were worked out. in the study of 27 strains differing in their biological characteristics, the sensitivity of the assay was determined, varying within the range of 1 x 10(4)--5 x 10(4) million cells/ml and exceeding the sensitivity of the currently used methods for the immunodiagnosis of tularemia by 1-2 orders. elisa also proved to be a highly effective technique for the detection of the ... | 1988 | 2452535 |
| [a coagglutination reagent for identifying the causative agent of tularemia]. | 1988 | 2462096 | |
| francisella tularensis-specific t-cell clones are human leukocyte antigen class ii restricted, secrete interleukin-2 and gamma interferon, and induce immunoglobulin production. | t-cell clones (tlc) were established from a francisella tularensis-vaccinated subject in order to study the cells responsive for cell-mediated immunity against f. tularensis. all the clones were human leukocyte antigen (hla) class ii restricted to one of the hla-dr specificities of the original donor. the tlc cells were cd4+ and produced interleukin-2 and gamma interferon after stimulation with specific antigen. seven of the eight clones tested assisted in the production of immunoglobulin g (igg ... | 1989 | 2474506 |
| molecular cloning and expression of a t-cell stimulating membrane protein of francisella tularensis. | the isolation and expression in escherichia coli of a gene encoding a t-cell stimulating 17 kilodalton (kda) membrane protein of francisella tularensis is described. a genomic library of dna from the live vaccine strain lvs of f. tularensis was constructed in the e. coli expression vector phage lambda gt11. the library was probed with antibodies directed against the 17 kda protein. one recombinant phage was isolated, containing a 2.8 kilobase (kb) dna insert. the insert was cleaved and a resulti ... | 1989 | 2475738 |
| production of murine monoclonal antibodies against francisella tularensis antigens and characterization of antibody-reactive epitopes. | eight monoclonal antibodies were produced by immunizing mice with a high molecular-weight antigen from francisella tularensis. the antigen consists of carbohydrates and proteins and was found to contain several different epitopes. by treating the antigen with periodate or proteinase k, it was found that the majority of antibody-reactive epitopes was mainly dependent on the carbohydrate part of the antigen. on intact f. tularensis bacteria the epitopes seem to be exposed at the bacterial surface. ... | 1989 | 2478486 |
| protein heterogeneity of francisella tularensis: detection of proteins with antigenic determinants. | the autolyzates of three different strains of francisella tularensis 15l, 130 and schu were tested for their immunogenic potential and protein heterogeneity. the autolyzates induce the production of specific antibodies, the delayed type of hypersensitivity, and some degree of protection against european virulent strain 130. this material (as antigen) was especially suitable for elisa. when the autolyzates were subjected to sds gradient page, a variety of polypeptides were distinguished. the comp ... | 1989 | 2481633 |
| [old and new pathologies proposed by epidemiology]. | the results of a study made in the areas of central italy on a random community on the significant presence of cases with seroantibodies against campylobacter, yersinia, legionella pneumophila, francisella tularensis and rotavirus confirm the hypothesis on the presence in the territory of microorganisms responsible. these positivities in man are not only single but also contemporaneous for at least two microorganisms. hence the hypothesis of the presence in the environment (animals, soil, surfac ... | 1989 | 2490401 |
| isolation of francisella tularensis biovar palaearctica from human blood. | francisella tularensis septicemia has previously been reported in the usa, where francisella tularensis biovar tularensis (type a) occurs endemically. the present report describes two cases of septicemia caused by the euro-asian francisella tularensis biovar palaearctica (type b). the patients lived in an endemic region of sweden and presented with high fever and pneumonia. both patients recovered. the ability of francisella tularensis biovar palaearctica to cause bacteremia has consequences for ... | 1989 | 2498098 |
| [the action of tularemia vaccine on dmba-induced tumors in rats]. | 1989 | 2499117 | |
| the requirement for gamma interferon in resistance of mice to experimental tularemia. | the role of gamma interferon (ifn-gamma) in the host response to experimental tularemia was evaluated in a murine model. c57bl/6 strain mice were given a series of daily intravenous injections of 10(6) units (u) recombinant murine ifn-gamma prior to infection with francisella tularensis lvs. three days later, the number of bacteria in the tissues of ifn-gamma-treated mice was found to be less than that in control mice by a factor of 10-20. the effect of ifn-gamma on anti-tularemic resistance was ... | 1989 | 2516219 |
| comparative studies on susceptibility of the mouse (mus musculus) and the vole (microtus arvalis) to listeria monocytogenes and erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae. | the susceptibility of mice and voles to intraperitoneal and subcutan injection of virulent strains has been tested comparatively on 261 mice and 120 voles. using various germ-doses, 50 per cent lethality has been established. listeria monocytogenes serovar 1/2a killed mice in doses of 120,000 and 1.5 x 10(6) germs when injected intraperitoneally and subcutaneously and voles in doses of 1800 and 12,000 germs, respectively. thus voles proved 100 to 120 times more susceptible than mice. erysipeloth ... | 1989 | 2517160 |
| [outer membranes of francisella tularensis and their protein composition]. | four strains of the species francisella tularensis were used in the present work: a live vaccine strain 15/10 and three virulent strains (503, schu, 543) from three different subspecies. the bacterial membranes were prepared by the 0.5% n-laurylsarcosinate (sarcosyl) treatment. these membranes were identified as the outer membranes by morphological, immunological and biochemical analyses. the outer membrane proteins contained up to 30-35 polypeptides with three dominant fractions having the 63, ... | 1989 | 2517513 |
| infection caused by francisella philomiragia (formerly yersinia philomiragia). a newly recognized human pathogen. | we evaluated the clinical characteristics of patients with francisella philomiragia (formerly yersinia philomiragia) isolated from normally sterile sites. isolates from 14 patients were received by the centers for disease control between 1975 and 1987: 9 were from blood; 2 from lung biopsies; and 1 each from pleural, peritoneal, and cerebrospinal fluid. underlying problems included chronic granulomatous disease in 5 patients, near-drowning in 5, and a myeloproliferative disease in 2. all 13 pati ... | 1989 | 2541646 |
| monoclonal antibodies reacting specifically with francisella sp. | twenty two hybridoma strains producing monoclonal antibodies against francisella tularensis atcc 6223, var. tularensis, were characterized. in an enzyme-linked-immunosorbent-assay (elisa) using formaldehyde fixed bacteria as antigens, neither cross-reactions with six different brucella spp., with yersinia enterocolitica 0:9 nor with two biotypes of yersinia pseudotuberculosis could be detected. the antibodies gave comparable titres with the three strains of f.tularensis tested. elisa binding stu ... | 1989 | 2596200 |
| ulceroglandular tularemia: a typical case of relapse. | tularemia is an infectious disease that continues to occur sporadically and in epidemics in the united states. it is characterized as an acute febrile illness with constitutional symptoms associated with skin, glandular, respiratory, or gastrointestinal involvement. tularemia usually can be treated effectively with streptomycin. relapse most often occurs when patients are treated with bacteriostatic agents such as chloramphenicol or tetracycline. we present a case of ulceroglandular tularemia di ... | 1989 | 2606733 |
| [sensitivity spectrum of francisella tularensis to antibiotics and synthetic antibacterial drugs]. | sensitivity of 6 f. tularensis strains to 57 antibiotics and synthetic antibacterial drugs was studied. it was shown that the strains were highly sensitive to aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, anzamycins, quinolones, chloramphenicol, nitrofurantoin, nitroxoline, novobiocin and fusidin and resistant to penicillins, cephalosporins, polypeptides, vancomycin and sulfanylamides. the interrace differences in f. tularensis could be detected only by sensitivity to erythromycin, oleandomycin and spiramycin ... | 1989 | 2610533 |
| membrane proteins of francisella tularensis lvs differ in ability to induce proliferation of lymphocytes from tularemia-vaccinated individuals. | t lymphocyte-mediated immunity is important for resistance to francisella tularensis. to characterize the specificity of this immunity, we used membrane proteins and two lipopolysaccharide (lps) preparations. both membrane proteins were heat-modifiable, as indicated by their migration in sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page). one had an apparent molecular mass (mm) of 120 kilodaltons (kda) when solubilized in the sds buffer at room temperature, but 17 kda after he ... | 1989 | 2622330 |
| [the cytogenetic action of x-ray irradiation on the myelokaryocytes of rats immunized with a tularemia vaccine]. | immunization with tularemic live dry vaccine administered singularly to wistar rats skin has been studied for its effect on mutagenicity induced after whole-body x irradiation. the analysis has shown that cytogenetic disturbance induced after x irradiation with doses of 0.5 gy and 1.0 gy in immunized animals significantly decreases as compared to nonimmunized animals. | 1989 | 2623763 |
| growth and survival of four strains of francisella tularensis in a rich medium preconditioned with acanthamoeba palestinensis. | the hypothesis of positive interactions between francisella tularensis lvs (live vaccine strain) and acanthamoeba palestinensis was tested. pregrowth of the amoebae, in a rich (autoclaved and filtered) medium, from which they were subsequently removed by filtration, conditioned the medium so that growth of the live vaccine strain of f. tularensis occurred and the growth rate of one other strain was increased. | 1989 | 2630032 |
| [various mechanisms of formation of chronic tularemia in highly-sensitive animal species (microtus rossiae-meridionalis)]. | experiments on voles belonging to the tularemia-sensitive species microtus rossiae-meridionalis, infected with francisella tularensis highly virulent strain 503, have been carried out with the aim of studying the pathogenesis of chronic tularemia. the experiments have been made with the use of live and killed microbial cells. the significance of the multiple oral administration of killed bacteria to voles for the development of the atypical form of infection has been shown. the possibility of th ... | 1989 | 2660474 |
| [detection of tularemia pathogens in patients with the use of an immunofluorescence reaction]. | for the first time three cases of the detection of francisella tularensis, made by means of the direct immunofluorescence test in the fluid obtained from punctured buboes or in purulent matter taken from patients with the ulcerous bubonic form of tularemia, are presented. the simplicity of the test and its capacity of yielding rapid results make it possible to recommend this test, together with other diagnostic methods, for the clinical diagnosis of tularemia. | 1989 | 2660477 |
| nature of protective immunity to francisella tularensis. | tularemia is caused by the facultative intracellular bacterium francisella tularensis. attenuated live vaccines, such as f. tularensis lvs (live vaccine strain), afford good--although not complete--protection; how to judge the degree of this protection has long been a problem. both natural infection and vaccination result in immunospecific and long-lasting humoral and cell-mediated immunity. the latter is the crucial protective mechanism, whereas the humoral response protects only against strain ... | 1989 | 2665002 |
| francisella philomiragia comb. nov. (formerly yersinia philomiragia) and francisella tularensis biogroup novicida (formerly francisella novicida) associated with human disease. | over a 12-year period, 16 human strains of a gram-negative, catalase-positive, halophilic, aerobic, nonmotile, small coccoid bacterium were received for identification. on the bases of biochemical characteristics and cellular fatty acid profiles, 14 of these strains were similar to the "philomiragia" bacterium (yersinia philomiragia, species incertae sedis). additional characteristics were growth on thayer-martin agar but no growth or sparse, delayed growth on macconkey agar; oxidase positive; a ... | 1989 | 2671019 |
| [delayed type hypersensitivity reaction in the pathogenesis and formation of immunity in tularemia infections in mice]. | as a result of our studies, strain differences in the sensitivity of cba and balb/c mice to partially attenuated francisella tularensis strain have been revealed. relationship between the increased migration of lymphocytes to the liver and lymphoid organs and the intensive development of cell-mediated immunity reactions has been shown. an important role of local reactions (the skin at the site of the inoculation of f. tularessis + a regional lymph node) in the development of the pathological pro ... | 1989 | 2728707 |
| guillain-barré syndrome and tularemia pleuritis with high adenosine deaminase activity in pleural fluid. | a 56-year-old man suffered from prolonged fever, sore throat and cough, followed by pleural effusion and reversible progressive ascending muscle weakness. the condition fulfilled the diagnostic criteria of guillain-barré syndrome. tuberculosis was initially suspected because of lymphocyte predominance and high adenosine deaminase activity in the pleural fluid. later, an agglutination titer of 10,240 to francisella tularensis antigen was found and an infected hare exposure could be identified. th ... | 1989 | 2737756 |
| competitive enzyme immunoassay for antibodies to a 43,000-molecular-weight francisella tularensis outer membrane protein for the diagnosis of tularemia. | antibodies against a 43,000-molecular-weight francisella tularensis outer membrane (om) protein (43k protein) were measured in paired serum specimens from 23 patients with tularemia and matched against antibodies in sera from 25 patients with nontularemic infectious diseases and from 25 blood donors. antibodies were measured by a competition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay which tested the ability of human serum to compete with rabbit anti-43k protein antibodies for its binding to the f. tular ... | 1989 | 2745701 |
| [decrease in the cytogenetic effect of adriblastin and pharmorubicin with the experimental use of tularemia vaccine]. | immunization of wistar rats with tularemic vaccine has been studied for its influence on the cytogenetic effect of adryblastine and pharmorubicyn. it is shown that the number of aberrant metaphases considerably decreases in the myelocaryocytes of vaccinated rats. antimutagenic effect is induced by the influence of tularemic vaccine on the metabolic activation processes of antibiotics and, possibly, by an increase of the activity of antioxidative enzymes in the rat organism. | 1989 | 2815329 |
| [the effect of tularemia vaccine on the radioresistance of white rats exposed to x-irradiation]. | a single epicutaneous vaccination of wistar rats with tularemic live vaccine 15 days before x-irradiation with doses of 6.0, 8.0 and 2.0 + 6.0 gy was shown to increase their radioresistance. with higher doses (up to 8.0 gy) the effect of the vaccine was less pronounced. | 1989 | 2928478 |
| [antigenic composition of outer membrane proteins of the tularemia pathogen]. | 1990 | 2074891 | |
| tularemia in a cat. | 1990 | 2094456 | |
| [the effect of the osmotic pressure of the culture medium on cells of francisella tularensis vaccinal strain 15]. | the dependence of the growth rate of f. tularensis on the osmotic properties of the medium can be presented as a curve with the maximum in the area of 500-600 mosm. under these circumstances the intracellular osmotic pressure exceeds the extracellular one by 50-100 mosm. with the rise of the osmotic pressure in the medium the increase of the concentration of k+ in the cells occurs. the energy-dependent accumulation of k+ in the cells at rest is activated by the rise of the osmotic pressure in th ... | 1990 | 2097847 |
| immunization of mice with an attenuated salmonella typhimurium strain expressing a membrane protein of francisella tularensis. a model for identification of bacterial determinants relevant to the host defence against tularemia. | a 17-kilodalton (kda) protein of the facultative intracellular bacterium francisella tularensis is one of several membrane proteins that induce an in vitro response in t cells from f. tularensis-primed humans. a dna fragment containing two genes, one of which encodes the 17-kda protein, was cloned into an attenuated salmonella typhimurium strain. mice orally immunized with the recombinant s. typhimurium strain showed lower viable counts in livers and spleens after challenge with f. tularensis lv ... | 1990 | 2101478 |
| [specific immunoglobulins of different classes in brucellosis in human beings]. | the paper is concerned with the results of studying the level of specific igg, iga and igm in people with different forms of brucellosis. immunoglobulins belonging to different classes were identified by means of iea. examination of 514 patients with different forms of brucellosis and 122 controls demonstrated the high specificity and sensitivity of iea for detecting antibodies of different physiochemical nature. the use of iea made it possible to establish definite regularities of the synthesis ... | 1990 | 2128861 |
| [special preventive immunization against early summer meningoencephalitis and tularemia for laborers of the natural gas central youth project in the ussr]. | 1990 | 2165713 | |
| tularemia in children caused by francisella tularensis biovar palaearctica. | existing data on tularemia infections in children caused by the biovar francisella tularensis palaearctica (type b) are limited. the case histories of all patients younger than the age of 16 years in northern finland who had tularemia, based on the antibody response, during the years 1967 to 1986 are reviewed. a total of 67 children, 28 girls and 39 boys, were identified as having had tularemia. the occurrence of the disease varied greatly among years. most of the cases occurred in july, august ... | 1990 | 2179844 |
| [construction and analysis of the tularemia pathogen gene library in escherichia coli]. | the library of tularemia causative agent genes cloned on the phc79 plasmid and the partial clonotek of these agents genes in escherichia coli cells have been constructed. the immunochemical analysis has revealed seven clones of escherichia coli harbouring the recombinant plasmids and expressing francisella antigens. the cloned sequences of francisella dna as well as the recombinant plasmids containing them and coding for francisella antigens are capable of specific hybridization with the dna fro ... | 1990 | 2185419 |
| [a receptor for the fc fragment of human igg in the causative agent of tularemia]. | in 4 francisella tularensis strains varying in virulence a receptor to fc site of human igg has been detected. this receptor consists of two active components with molecular weights of 67,000 and 40,000, competing for binding on fc site of human igg with staphylococcus aureus protein a. | 1990 | 2201152 |
| francisella tularensis from ixodid ticks in czechoslovakia. | a total of 26,478 ixodid ticks (935 pools) were examined by intracerebral inoculation of suckling mice. six species of ticks were tested: ixodes ricinus (23,470 individuals), i. trianguliceps (12), haemaphysalis punctata (831), h. concinna (39), dermacentor reticulatus (69) and d. marginatus (2,057). the ticks were collected largely by flagging vegetation, a substantial minority (4%) from animals. three strains of francisella tularensis were isolated, one each from i. ricinus (males, district br ... | 1990 | 2227710 |
| microagglutination test for early and specific serodiagnosis of tularemia. | a microagglutination test with safranin-stained francisella tularensis antigen was compared with a conventional tube agglutination test for the serodiagnosis of tularemia. the microagglutination test was performed in round-bottom microtiter plates by using 0.025 ml of the antisera and of the antigen. the antibody titers obtained by using the microagglutination test were 8 to 64 times higher than those seen with the tube agglutination. by the microagglutination test, the serum agglutinins were de ... | 1990 | 2229367 |
| a newly recognized fastidious gram-negative pathogen as a cause of fever and bacteremia. | we identified a motile, curved, gram-negative bacillus as the cause of persistent fever and bacteremia in two patients with symptomatic human immunodeficiency virus infection. the same organism was subsequently recovered from a bone marrow-transplant recipient with septicemia and from two immunocompetent persons with week-long febrile illnesses. all the patients recovered after antimicrobial therapy. | 1990 | 2233947 |
| pleuropulmonary tularemia: successful treatment with erythromycin. | a 64-year-old man had community-acquired pneumonia that was retrospectively diagnosed as pleuropulmonary tularemia. he was successfully treated with erythromycin. we review the case and briefly discuss the literature on this point. | 1990 | 2237578 |
| [the meadow-field type of tularemia foci in eastern siberia]. | the article characterizes a meadow-type focus tularemia, discovered in zalarinski'i district of irkutsk province in 1988. this focus and another similar focus discovered in 1985 at the krasnoyarsk territory belong to the meadow type, which makes it possible to regard their presence in eastern siberia as an established fact. the main reservoirs and sources of infection in these foci are two species of voles (microtus gregalis and m. subarvalis). | 1990 | 2239002 |
| [natural penicillin resistance of francisella tularensis]. | altered viable forms of f. tularensis with spheroplast specific damages of the surface structures were isolated after the culture exposure to lithium chloride (0.5 and 1%). study of natural penicillin resistance in the spheroplasts and bacterial forms of f. tularensis revealed their difference: the spheroplasts of the strains tested had a lower resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics than the bacterial forms while the activity of spheroplast beta-lactamase did not differ from that of the enzyme of ... | 1990 | 2264748 |
| [comparative study of the effectiveness of amikacin and streptomycin in experimental tularemia]. | in vitro study on antibacterial activity of amikacin in comparison to that of streptomycin revealed a high sensitivity of tularemia microbes of three geographical races to it. amikacin showed a high therapeutic activity in treatment of albino mice infected with tularemia. the prospects of amikacin use in prophylaxis and treatment of tularemia are defined by its antibiotic activity against streptomycin-resistant forms of the tularemia causative agent. | 1990 | 2264751 |
| an unlucky rabbit's foot? | 1990 | 2314975 | |
| a case of tularemia meningitis in sweden. | tularemia meningitis occurred in a previously healthy 64-year-old man from northern sweden. the patient was immunocompetent and recovered without sequelae. the bacterial isolate conformed by most criteria with the euro-asian biovar francisella tularensis var. palaearctica. tularemia meningitis may mimic meningitis caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis. | 1990 | 2320968 |
| lawnmower tularemia. | 1990 | 2336320 | |
| acute bacterial meningitis caused by francisella tularensis. | 1990 | 2336321 | |
| serological prevalence of tularemia in cottontail rabbits of southern illinois. | sera of cottontail rabbits (sylvilagus floridanus) collected in southern illinois in 1983 and 1984 were screened for the presence of antibodies against francisella tularensis by rapid slide agglutination and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay techniques; 6% of 118 and 16% of 119 samples were positive by these methods, respectively. rabbits gained, lost and maintained titers over at least an 8 mo period. francisella tularensis tularensis was isolated from one serologically negative, clinically hea ... | 1990 | 2338733 |
| [infestation of ticks with borrelia burgdorferi and francisella tularensis in slovakia]. | examination of ticks for the presence of f. tularensis resulted in the isolation of 29 strains, predominantly from the species d. reticulatus (19x), further from i. ricinus (8x) and from h. concinna (2x). the results confirmed the activity of the known endemic focus in the area of podunajské biskupice and revealed three new foci in the localities smolenice (district of trnava), olichov (district of nitra), and plást'ovce (district of levice). in the focus of podunajské biskupice the mean infesta ... | 1990 | 2376012 |
| [the dynamics of antibody formation to a vaccinal strain of francisella tularensis in different immunization regimens]. | the use of different schemes of albino mice immunization either by living or by killed preparations of the vaccine strain of francisella tularensis when obtaining monoclonal antibodies to the tularemia microbe made it possible to reveal definite regularities in the dynamics of antibody formation. the highest titres of antibodies in sera of animals-donors of splenocytes were obtained during the daily (for 3 days) intraperitoneal immunization of mice with living vaccine or with its thrice administ ... | 1990 | 2377086 |
| massive adenopathy in oropharyngeal tularemia; c.t. demonstration. | the ct appearance of oropharyngeal tularemia in a 3 1/2 year-old boy is described. tularemia should be considered in the differential diagnosis of massive adenotonsillar enlargement and extensive necrotic cervical adenopathy. | 1990 | 2392370 |
| several membrane polypeptides of the live vaccine strain francisella tularensis lvs stimulate t cells from naturally infected individuals. | the currently used live vaccine strain francisella tularensis lvs was derived several decades ago from a wild strain of the species. in the present report, several membrane polypeptides of lvs are shown to be recognized by t cells from individuals immunized by natural infection with f. tularensis. bacterial membranes of a capsule-deficient mutant of lvs were subjected to sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. thereafter, gels were divided into seven fractions, each fraction c ... | 1990 | 1688874 |
| [an immunoglobulin-penicillinase conjugate for detecting the antigen of the causative agent of tularemia]. | immunoglobulin penicillinase conjugate for the detection of fr. tularensis antigen in enzyme immunoassay has been prepared. its sensitivity is 0.7-1.0 ng/ml of fr. tularensis lipopolysaccharide. the technique for the preparation of this conjugate is simpler than for that of peroxidase conjugate. | 1990 | 1691340 |
| identification of francisella species and discrimination of type a and type b strains of f. tularensis by 16s rrna analysis. | tularemia is a zoonotic disease, occurring throughout the northern hemisphere. the causative agent, the bacterium francisella tularensis, is represented by two main types. type a is found in north america, whereas type b is mainly found in asia and europe and to a minor extent in north america. no routine technique for rapid diagnosis of tularemia has been generally applied. we have partially sequenced 16s rrnas of two f. tularensis strains, as well as the closely related francisella novicida. o ... | 1990 | 1692676 |
| nucleotide sequence and t cell epitopes of a membrane protein of francisella tularensis. | a 17-kda major membrane protein of the facultative intracellular bacterium francisella tularensis is recognized by t cells from individuals previously undergoing tularemia or tularemia vaccination. here the nucleotide sequence of the encoding gene is presented. the a + t rich sequence deduced a protein of 149 amino acids with a predicted m.w. of 15,772. evidence is presented suggesting that the 17-kda protein is a lipoprotein. also, homology was found to a peptidoglycan-associated lipoprotein of ... | 1990 | 1694206 |
| diversity of francisella tularensis antigens recognized by human t lymphocytes. | the francisella tularensis t-lymphocyte antigens, which may have a role in protection against tularemia, were investigated with vaccine-immunized subjects. preparative sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page) was used to fractionate the bacterial envelope preparation. the 23 fractions obtained represented membrane proteins of different apparent molecular masses ranging from 10 to 150 kilodaltons. different fractions contained one to four separate protein bands stained ... | 1990 | 1695207 |
| use of rna hybridization in the diagnosis of a case of ulceroglandular tularemia. | 1990 | 1702055 | |
| the production of oxygen metabolites and their possible regulatory role in the course of tularemia infection. | the changes of oxidative metabolism were studied in the course of a primary infection of mice with attenuated strain of francisella tularensis. metabolic stimulation of peritoneal cells is associated with a significant increase in spontaneous tetrazolium derivative reduction, the production of superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide on day 5 after the immunization. the enhancement of superoxide dismutase precedes the increase in superoxide anion secretion. the splenic cells of immunized mice obta ... | 1990 | 1702745 |
| use of biotechnical methods in veterinary medicine. | biotechnological methods offer promising approaches for improved diagnostic and prophylactic purposes. the following biotechnological techniques are used in the institute of virology at the hanover veterinary school:--production of monoclonal antibodies directed against viral and bacteria-specific antigens such as bovine virus diarrhoea virus, classical swine fever (hog cholera) virus, feline leukaemia virus, animal parvoviruses, alphavirus, brucella and francisella--establishment of improved an ... | 1990 | 1966725 |
| the activation of macrophages in the immune response against the intracellular bacterial pathogen francisella tularensis. | the activation of peritoneal macrophages in the course of primary infection of mice with attenuated strain of francisella tularensis is associated with 2.5 fold increase in spontaneous int reductase activity on day 5 after the immunization. the splenic cells of immunized mice pulsed in vitro by specific antigen secrete lymphokine that is able to induce an increase in spontaneous int reductase activity of resident peritoneal cells. the production of spontaneous superoxide anion by peritoneal phag ... | 1990 | 1966755 |
| vector roles of fennoscandian mosquitoes attracted to mammals, birds and frogs. | 1. mosquitoes were sampled with five suction traps, from may to october 1983, at a forest site in south-central sweden. 2. twenty-three species of mosquitoes were identified among the total of 3108 females collected: 4% of them in an unbaited trap, 3% in a trap baited with two frogs, 24% with a guinea-pig, 28% with a hen and 40% in a trap baited with a rabbit. 3. the dominant species of culicidae trapped were 39% aedes communis (de geer), 21% ae. cinereus meigen, 14% coquillettidia richiardii (f ... | 1990 | 1983455 |
| clinical manifestations of tularemia in japan--analysis of 1,355 cases observed between 1924 and 1987. | a total of 1,355 cases of tularemia observed between 1924 and 1987 in japan were viewed on the basis of clinical manifestations and the results were compared with those in the united states. the incubation period varied from one day to over one month. in 75.5% of cases, the symptoms of illness appeared within seven days with the peak on the third day. a sudden onset of flu-like symptoms was generally observed, and 92% of cases was followed by regional lymph node swelling which mostly appeared in ... | 1991 | 2013502 |
| inhibitory effect of rat immunization with tularemia vaccine on the in vivo clastogenicity of 4 anthracycline antibiotics. | we studied the in vivo effect of rat immunization with tularemia live vaccine (tlv) on chromosomal aberrations (ca) induced in bone marrow cells by 4 anthracycline antibiotics. ca induced by adriamycin (adr) and 4'-epiadriamycin (eadr) in rat bone marrow cells consisted mainly of chromatid breaks (approximately 90%), whereas lesions induced by aclacur (ac) and aclarubicin (acr) consisted only of chromatid breaks. preliminary cutaneous immunization of rats with tlv revealed significant suppressio ... | 1991 | 2046701 |
| [the ockelbo disease, nephropathia epidemica and tularemia. a great deal is known about the infectious diseases in the north--but quite a few question-marks are left]. | 1991 | 1650870 | |
| [a natural focus of sandfly fever in the republic of afghanistan]. | the serological study of persons contacting dengue-like fever in 1987 in afghanistan (in rukha, parwān province) revealed that in 74% of cases an increase in the titers of antibodies to sicilian and neapolitan sandfly [correction of mosquito-borne] fever viruses was registered. considering that such diseases appeared here for a number of years and were linked in time with the activity of sandflies [correction of mosquitoes] of the species phlebotomus papatasii, the suggestion was made on the exi ... | 1991 | 1651638 |
| [the characteristics of potassium ion transport across the bacterial membranes in a vaccinal culture of francisella tularensis]. | the presence of the systems of energy-dependent accumulation of potassium ions and their passive exchange for protons in cytoplasmic bacterial membranes of f. tularensis strain 15 has been demonstrated by means of a k(+)-selective electrode and the turbidimetric method. the kinetic parameters of the energy-dependent k+ transport: km = 0.83 +/- 0.20 mm k+, vmax = 0.23 +/- 0.04 mm k+/mg of dry weight. min. under the conditions of anoxia f. tularensis cannot retain potassium ions in their cytoplasm ... | 1991 | 1653509 |
| cytotoxic cd4+ t cells specific for francisella tularensis. | the specific cell-mediated cytotoxicity of tularaemia-immune human t lymphocytes were studied in vitro. peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) of six tularaemia-vaccinated healthy subjects were stimulated with f. tularensis lvs whole cell antigen for 6 days and used as effector cells in a conventional 4-h 51cr release cytotoxicity assay. the target cells were phagocyting autologous monocytes, which were pulsed with f. tularensis or ppd antigen. the specific lysis of the f. tularensis-pulsed c ... | 1991 | 1671003 |
| development of francisella tularensis antigen responses measured as t-lymphocyte proliferation and cytokine production (tumor necrosis factor alpha, gamma interferon, and interleukin-2 and -4) during human tularemia. | the lymphocyte immune reactivity of 12 tularemia patients to francisella tularensis antigens prepared from the bacterial cell envelope was examined during a 14-week follow-up study. lymphocyte blast transformation responses of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) to different protein antigens appeared simultaneously 2 weeks after the first symptoms of tularemia, indicating that none of these antigens had any special role at the early phase of immunization. while the lymphocyte blast transfo ... | 1991 | 1674737 |
| mixed rickettsia-virus infection in dermacentor reticulatus imago. | electron microscopic examination revealed replication and accumulation of rickettsia sibirica in the fat body of experimentally infected dermacentor reticulatus ticks. rickettsia are released from the fat body cells by budding being surrounded with cytoplasm and plasmalemma of the host cell. eukaryotic cell structures have been detected consisting of lamella layers whirled around the intact rickettsiae. in addition to rickettsia, microorganisms morphologically resembling francisella tularensis a ... | 1991 | 1681715 |
| [features of the interaction of escherichia coli and francisella tularensis rna polymerases with hybrid plasmids bearing fragments of francisella tularensis chromosomal dna]. | hybrid plasmids containing the fragments of francisella tularensis chromosomal dna and capable of tet-gene expression both in escherichia coli and francisella tularensis cells were constructed. the regions of francisella chromosomal dna binding the rna-polymerases of escherichia coli and francisella tularensis were found by the electron microscopy technique. interconnection of those regions with the expression of tet-gene of the hybrid plasmids was demonstrated. | 1991 | 1745260 |
| [biochemical, antigenic and protective properties of the outer membrane of tularemia pathogens]. | the outer membranes of francisella tularensis were studied. the membranes were identified morphologically, immunologically and biochemically. they contained 12-20% of protein, 15-30% of carbohydrates, up to 40% of lipids. the main integral proteins of the outer membranes were the 47, 43, 17 and 12 kd proteins. the main protein 63 kd was not integral. the lipopolysaccharides isolated from the outer membranes and acetone-dried cells did not possess the protective properties in experimental tularem ... | 1991 | 1745261 |
| [behavior of sa plasmid in tularemia pathogen cells]. | the genome of sa plasmid is shown to be a subject of genetical rearrangements in francisella tularensis cells. the rearrangements either result in plasmid integration into the host cell genome or intramolecular amplification of cat-gene with the subsequent excision and recombination of the derivative plasmids. stable inheritance of the plasmid is registered after integration while plasmid elimination occurs in case of extrachromosomal localisation. | 1991 | 1745270 |
| [study of cat gene expression in sa and pc194 plasmids in escherichia coli, francisella tularensis, and bacillus subtilis cells]. | the unit activities were defined for chloramphenicol-acetyltransferases coded for by the cat-genes of the plasmids sa and pc194 in francisella tularensis, escherichia coli and bacillus subtilis cells. francisella tularensis cells were shown to hold intermediate position between escherichia coli and bacillus subtilis cells in their ability to express the genes of the different taxonomic origin. the direct dependence was found between the dose of the gene coding for chloramphenicol-acetyltransfera ... | 1991 | 1745271 |
| [transfer of bacteriophage prd1 genes into modified plasmid sa of escherichia coli and francisella tularensis cells]. | the donor specific bacteriophage prdi has been shown to mediate the genes transfer into escherichia coli and francisella tularensis cell under certain conditions. it is necessary for the process that the recipient cells inherit the plasmids determining absorbtion of bacteriophages on the cellular surface while the transferred genes are able to be expressed. the frequencies of the tet-gene transfer from the plasmid pskft5 into escherichia coli and francisella tularensis 15 cells inheriting the pl ... | 1991 | 1745272 |
| structure of the o-antigen of francisella tularensis strain 15. | the o-specific polysaccharide, obtained by mild acid degradation of the lipopolysaccharide of francisella tularensis strain 15, contained 2-acetamido-2,6-dideoxy-d-glucose (d-quinac), 4,6-dideoxy-4-formamido-d-glucose (d-qui4nfm), and 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-d-galacturonamide (d-galnacan) in the ratios 1:1:2. tri- and tetra-saccharide fragments were obtained on treatment of the polysaccharide with anhydrous hydrogen fluoride and partial hydrolysis with 0.1 m hydrochloric acid, respectively. on the b ... | 1991 | 1769021 |
| acute tularemia in three domestic cats. | acute francisella tularensis infection in 3 domestic cats was presumptively diagnosed on the basis of clinical signs and lesions and confirmed by culturing or immunofluorescent demonstration of the organism. clinical findings include marked signs of depression, oral/lingual ulceration, regional or generalized lymphadenomegaly, hepatosplenomegaly, panleukopenia with severe toxic change of neutrophils, and hyperbilirubinemia with bilirubinuria. lesions found at necropsy included icterus, oropharyn ... | 1991 | 1778744 |
| [hybrid plasmid pskeft5 assures the transfer of plasmids sa from escherichia coli cells into cells of the tularemia microbe vaccine strain cells]. | 1991 | 1784299 | |
| transformation and allelic replacement in francisella spp. | we describe methods for transposon mutagenesis and allelic replacement in the facultative intracellular pathogen francisella. recombinant clones were constructed by insertion of partially cut f. tularensis or f. novicida dna into puc19 and then mutagenized with a mini-tn10-km transposon. f. novicida could be transformed with these plasmids either by a chemical transformation method or by electroporation, whereas f. tularensis could be transformed only by electroporation. transformation of f. tul ... | 1991 | 1791425 |
| water- and airborne francisella tularensis biovar palaearctica isolated from human blood. | the isolation of francisella tularensis from human blood is extremely rare in europe. we here describe two cases of septicemia caused by f. tularensis biovar palaearctica, where the causative bacterium was isolated from blood. one of our patients had ingested contaminated water; the other was probably infected by inhalation of contaminated dust. the isolation of the causative organism was essential for initiating the appropriate antibiotic treatment, which led to a rapid improvement. since the r ... | 1991 | 1800375 |
| [the glycolipids of the causative agent of tularemia]. | up to 10 glycolipids were detected in f. tularensis with the use of thin-layer chromatographic techniques. these glycolipids were slime antigens of f. tularensis membrane. attenuated f. tularensis strains were found to have defects in their glycolipid composition: in the vaccine strain glycolipid 8 was replaced by more polar lipid 8-a; the avirulent strain had only two glycolipids, and one of them was not typical for virulent strains. considering that glycolipids differed from entero-bacterial v ... | 1991 | 1801478 |
| [comparative characteristics of biological properties of francisella tularensis strains isolated in the ussr]. | with a large collection of the strains of f. tularensis isolated it has been recently shown that cultures belonging to holarctica and mediaasiatica circulate in the endemic foci of the ussr. by their biological and genetic properties the natural strains of f. tularensis were homogeneous and represented type cultures of f. tularensis. various ecological conditions in the natural environment did not change within the last 20 years the sensitivity of the tularemia microbe to the antibacterial drugs ... | 1991 | 1805689 |
| in vitro susceptibility of francisella tularensis to fluoroquinolones and treatment of tularemia with norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin. | the in vitro susceptibility of ten strains of francisella tularensis to four fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, ofloxacin and pefloxacin) was investigated by determining the mbcs of these quinolones. the results were as follows (mean +/- se): ciprofloxacin 0.13 +/- 0.03 mg/l, norfloxacin 0.24 +/- 0.07 mg/l, ofloxacin 2.16 +/- 0.78 mg/l and pefloxacin 0.51 +/- 0.50 mg/l. these concentrations can be achieved in clinical practice. in addition, four tularemia patients were treated with an ... | 1991 | 1864276 |
| [the use of microdot immunoenzyme analysis with visual detection for the determination of tularemia antibodies]. | the possibility of using the micropoint enzyme immunoassay (eia) on a nitrocellulose membrane with the visual evaluation of results for the detection of tularemia igg antibodies in hamadryas baboons at the postvaccinal period has been studied. the sensitivity of this assay has been compared with that of the passive hemagglutination (pha) test, the microagglutination (ma) test and eia with the spectrophotometric evaluation of results in plates. as shown in this study, eia in the above-mentioned m ... | 1991 | 1872100 |
| [the morphological characteristics of globulin production during the vaccinal process induced by tularemia and brucellosis vaccines]. | significant data on the dynamics of globulin production in guinea pigs in the process of immunogenesis after the injection of francisella tularensis vaccine strain or conjugated brucellosis vaccine have been obtained by means of immunofluorescence and the enzyme immunoassay. the number of globulin-producing cells in lymphoid organs (the spleen, regional and remote lymph nodes) differs, depending on the injected antigen. the relationship between the character of immunomorphological changes in lym ... | 1991 | 1872101 |
| live vaccine strain of francisella tularensis: infection and immunity in mice. | the live vaccine strain (lvs) of francisella tularensis caused lethal disease in several mouse strains. lethality depended upon the dose and route of inoculation. the lethal dose for 50% of the mice (ld50) in four of six mouse strains (a/j, balb/chsd, c3h/henhsd, and swr/j) given an intraperitoneal (i.p.) inoculation was less than 10 cfu. for the other two strains tested, c3h/hej and c57bl/6j, the i.p. log ld50 was 1.5 and 2.7, respectively. similar susceptibility was observed in mice inoculated ... | 1991 | 1879918 |
| the t-cell-stimulating 17-kilodalton protein of francisella tularensis lvs is a lipoprotein. | a t-cell-stimulating, membrane-located 17-kda protein of the live vaccine strain francisella tularensis lvs has previously been cloned and sequenced. in the present study, it is shown to be a lipoprotein. when f. tularensis was grown in the presence of [3h]palmitate, several proteins of the organism, including a 17-kda protein, were radiolabeled. the labeled 17-kda protein was found by western blot (immunoblot) analysis to be identical to the cloned protein. it was located in the detergent phase ... | 1991 | 1879938 |
| growth of francisella spp. in rodent macrophages. | we examined the nature of the interactions between the facultative intracellular pathogens francisella tularensis and f. novicida and rodent macrophages. growth of f. tularensis lvs was observed in macrophage monolayers from mice, guinea pigs, or rats. in contrast, f. novicida grew in macrophages from mice and guinea pigs but not in macrophages from rats. transmission electron microscopy studies indicated that both francisella species survive within macrophage phagosomes that are unfused with ly ... | 1991 | 1879943 |
| [an electron microscopic study of the intercellular contact of a vaccinal strain of francisella tularensis with gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria]. | the use of transmission electron microscopy (the negative contrast and ultrathin section techniques) has made it possible to show that f. tularensis vaccine strain is capable, under normal conditions and in mixtures with other gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, of forming cell aggregations with close contacts between cells, this contact being probably irreversible. the ultrastructure of bacteria taking part in the formation of intercellular contacts remains intact. | 1991 | 1882602 |
| [the dependence of the functional activity of "immune" macrophages on t-cells]. | the dependence of the functional activity of the peritoneal macrophages of mice immunized with francisella tularensis vaccine strain on the presence of t-cells in the culture has been studied. the elimination of "immune" macrophages and sensitized t-lymphocytes by means of anti-thy-1-2-serum has been shown to lead to a sharp decrease in both ingestive and digestive functions of the phagocytic mononuclears of peritoneal exudate to the level of the activity of macrophages isolated from intact anim ... | 1991 | 1882612 |
| production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies directed against the lipopolysaccharide of francisella tularensis. | two monoclonal antibodies (ft14 and ft2f11) directed against the lipopolysaccharide (lps) of francisella tularensis were produced for use in tests to detect the organism in environmental samples and clinical specimens. the specificity of the antibodies was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and immunoblotting. both antibodies detected lps from f. tularensis by elisa, but only one antibody, ft14, was serologically active in an immunoblot. treatment of the lps with detergents ... | 1991 | 1885735 |
| epidemiology and clinical characteristics of tularemia in oklahoma, 1979 to 1985. | we studied the clinical and epidemiologic characteristics of tularemia in 165 oklahomans from 1979 to 1985. the ulceroglandular form of the disease was most common (60%), followed by typhoidal (18%), glandular (15%), oropharyngeal (7%), and oculoglandular (1%) forms. the male-female ratio was 3.7:1, and the highest rates of disease were found in the age groups 5 to 14, 35 to 44, and 55 to 74. ticks were most frequently implicated as the source of infection (84/154 [55%]), followed by rabbits, (5 ... | 1991 | 1891728 |
| does exercise stress alter susceptibility to bacterial infections? | swimming was used for evaluating alterations in performance capacity and as a means for studying the influence of exercise stress on susceptibility to streptococcus pneumoniae and francisella tularensis infections in two strains of rats, i.e. fisher-dunning (fd) and sprague-dawley (sd). the performance capacity was reduced by both diseases and was correlated to the dose of the given micro-organism. fd rats, however, were more susceptible to the infection and showed a greater deterioration than s ... | 1991 | 1897063 |
| francisella tularensis-induced in vitro gamma interferon, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and interleukin 2 responses appear within 2 weeks of tularemia vaccination in human beings. | cell-mediated immunity is essential for protection against the intracellular bacterium francisella tularensis, which causes tularemia. positive in vitro t-cell responses in the form of lymphocyte proliferation and lymphokine interleukin 2 (il-2) and gamma interferon (ifn-gamma) secretion are found in memory immunity. studies on the secretion of lymphokines with regard to the developing immunity to f. tularensis have not been published. therefore, 14 subjects with no clinical history of tularemia ... | 1991 | 1909711 |
| [comparison of the structural-functional properties of dna-dependent rna polymerase of the tularemia microbe and intestinal bacterial]. | the subunit compositions of rna-polymerases from escherichia coli and francisella tularensis were compared. the activities of the enzymes on the corresponding chromosomal dnas and their mixtures were defined. | 1991 | 1944326 |
| [the nonspecific protection of guinea pigs immunized with a live tularemia vaccine against lung infection by legionella pneumophila]. | 1991 | 1950286 | |
| [the characteristics of the antibody response of animals immunized with components of the surface structures of francisella tularensis]. | antibody formation in animals immunized with one of the components of f. tularensis surface structures was studied. the time course of antibody formation in 20 hamadryas baboons was studied in the passive hemagglutination (pha) test, microagglutination (ma) test, and indirect enzyme immunoassay, used for the determination of igg, iga and igm antibodies. the character of antibody response in the animals immunized with components of f. tularensis surface structures (s-complex) and with live tulare ... | 1991 | 1950288 |