Publications

lyme disease: antigens of borrelia burgdorferi and immune responses to them.		1988	3190088
cns-borreliosis selectively affecting central motor neurons.	a patient is described having borrelia burgdorferi spirochetal infection clinically affecting central motor neurons selectively and without any sensory impairment. diagnosis was based on elevated b. burgdorferi igg antibody titers in cerebrospinal fluid (csf) and titer normalization at clinical recovery. this occurred promptly and was complete after penicillin treatment despite 14 months of progressive central nervous system (cns) dysfunction, favouring the hypothesis of the presence of the orga ...	1988	3227803
[transmission of borrelia burgdorferi from nymphs to imago in the tick ixodes persulcatus schulze].		1988	3229314
borrelia burgdorferi infection surrounding la crosse, wis.	this investigation defined the extent of borrelia burgdorferi infection surrounding la crosse, wis. white-footed mice, peromyscus leucopus or p. maniculatis, were captured from sites in wisconsin, minnesota, and iowa and cultured for b. burgdorferi to define the local boundaries of the midwestern lyme disease area. all foci of b. burgdorferi infection (n1, n2, n3, and n4) were located north of interstate highway 90 except focus s2, which was south of the highway near fort mccoy, wis. the interst ...	1988	3230137
the genes encoding major surface proteins of borrelia burgdorferi are located on a plasmid.		1988	3190089
development of borrelia burgdorferi in ixodid tick vectors.		1988	3190091
vector tick populations and lyme disease. a summary of control strategies.	although many aspects of lyme disease have been intensely studied for over a decade, little research has been directed toward control of the principal tick vector, ixodes dammini. ecological and epidemiological investigations have provided not only an ample understanding of tick biology and behavior, they have also identified the types of areas at risk for disease transmission. the advantages and limitations of previous attempts to control i. dammini by host reduction, habitat modification, and ...	1988	3190092
prospects for suppressing transmission of lyme disease.	a variety of methods have been developed to prevent human infection by the lyme disease spirochete in the northeastern united states, mainly based on the observations that nymphal ixodes dammini serve as vector, that deer serve as hosts for the reproductive stage of this tick, that white-footed mice serve as the reservoir of infection, and that nymphs are most abundant in early summer and must attach for 2 days before infection is transmitted. methods for personal protection included seasonal av ...	1988	3190093
host responses to borrelia burgdorferi in dogs and horses.	by using paired sera the igm and igg host responses were analyzed in dogs with elisa and western blot techniques. antibodies in clinical seropositive dogs bound to 4-25 igm and up to 40 or more igg antigenic determinants. early igm response to the 41-kda flagellin persisted for at least 9 months and involved as many as seven other peptides. igg response expanded later in the disease and involved more immunogens than are currently recognized in late human disease. a percentage of asymptomatic dog ...	1988	3190094
borrelia burgdorferi infection in wisconsin horses and cows.	blood samples from wisconsin horses and cows suspected of having clinical disease due to borrelia burgdorferi infection were submitted by veterinary practitioners. all serum, milk, colostrum, and synovial samples were tested for b. burgdorferi antibodies by immunofluorescence. whole blood, milk, colostrum, and synovial fluid samples were cultured for b. burgdorferi. records were kept on the clinical signs of antibody-positive animals, date of sample, and location of the animal by county. of the ...	1988	3190095
epidemiologic studies of lyme disease in horses and their public health significance.	a serologic survey of horses in the new jersey-pennsylvania area demonstrated that about 10% (6.2-14.2%) have significant levels of serum antibody to borrelia burgdorferi. however, in a highly endemic area of central new jersey, up to 60% of the mares and yearlings samples on one farm were seropositive. in 1983, sera from this same farm exhibited only 12% positives in mares and 35% positives in yearlings. longitudinal studies of paired sera obtained from individual yearlings over a 6-month perio ...	1988	3190097
[spirochetes isolated from the blood of three cases of lyme disease with neurologic abnormalities].		1988	3250099
[erythema chronicum migrans caused by borrelia burgdorferi].		1988	3251480
lyme borrelia positive serology associated with spontaneous abortion in an endemic italian area.	lyme borreliosis acquired during pregnancy may be associated with stillbirth and fetal malformations. this paper reports preliminary results of a study intended to evaluate the frequency of borrelia burgdorferi infection associated with spontaneous abortion in an endemic italian area.	1988	3252658
experimental infection of the hamster with borrelia burgdorferi.		1988	3190098
the geographic distribution of lyme disease in the united states.	in 1982, national surveillance for lyme disease was established by the centers for disease control to monitor trends and determine endemic geographic areas. initially, the endemic areas corresponded to the known distribution of ixodes dammini, a five-state area of the northeastern seaboard (new york, new jersey, connecticut, rhode island, and massachusetts) and wisconsin and minnesota. increasing numbers of cases have been reported outside these areas, however, 86% of the provisional 5731 cases ...	1988	3190099
in vivo and in vitro evidence of b cell hyperactivity during lyme disease.	in vitro igm production by cells from patients with lyme disease rose during the illness in those studied soon after onset, but fell from elevated levels in those initially studied later than 1 week after onset. borrelia burgdorferi stimulated normal and patients' cells produced igm, with cells from acutely ill patients producing the most; production fell during convalescence. patients with active lyme disease and those destined for later manifestations often had serum agglutinins for heterologo ...	1988	3260952
occupational risk of lyme disease in endemic areas of new york state.	although lyme disease (ld) is the most common tick-borne disease in the united states, little is known about the frequency of and risk factors for infection with borrelia burgdorferi in occupational groups. in 1986, we recruited primarily outdoor workers from six employee groups in southeastern new york where ld is endemic. of 414 participants who completed questionnaires and had blood samples tested for antibodies against b. burgdorferi by elisa and western immunoblot, 27 (6.5%) were seropositi ...	1988	3190100
clinical manifestations and epidemiological characteristics of lyme disease in hailin county, heilongjiang province, china.	clinical manifestations and epidemiological characteristics of lyme disease in hailin county, heilongjiang province, china have been reported. the clinical picture of erythema chronicum migrans (ecm) is variable. ecm in the form of annular erythematous patch is uncommon. it is an extensive and indurated lesion. in some instances, a vesicle or necrosis appears in the center of the lesion. secondary erythema may present in some patients. the neurologic abnormalities consist of meningitis, facial p ...	1988	3190101
borrelia burgdorferi in the nervous system: the new "great imitator".	there are many obvious similarities between lyme disease and syphilis. the major ones are their spirochetal etiology, the ability of the spirochetes to stay alive in human tissue for years, occurrence of clinical manifestations in stages, early disease in the skin and later disease in the brain, and susceptibility to antibiotic treatment. thus, one can assume that many of the same lessons learned from the centuries of experience with syphilis will apply to lyme disease. one of these lessons that ...	1988	3190104
the role of interleukin-1 in the pathogenesis of lyme disease.		1988	3263828
specific immune responses in lyme borreliosis. characterization of t cell and b cell responses to borrelia burgdorferi.		1988	3263829
first isolations of borrelia burgdorferi from rodents collected in northern europe.	spirochetes were found in 13% of ixodes ricinus collected from an island, near stockholm where human borreliosis is endemic. borrelia burgdorferi was cultivated from the kidney and/or spleen of wild rodents (clethrionomys glareolus and apodemus flavicollis) from the same island. spirochetes were identified as borrelia burgdorferi by indirect immunofluorescence assays using species and genus specific monoclonal antibodies. in these tests the spirochetes could not be differentiated from strains pr ...	1988	3190915
diagnosing lyme disease: the contribution of serologic testing.	lyme disease is a multisystem disorder caused by a tick-transmitted spirochete, borrelia burgdorferi. the diagnosis is based on clinical findings in most patients, particularly those with erythema migrans or exposure to geographic locations endemic for the disease. detection of a specific antibody to b. burgdorferi is a useful confirmatory test in many patients. in atypical cases, however, a positive test result can be pivotal for determining the diagnosis and can lead to institution of definiti ...	1988	3193820
immunoperoxidase slide test for detecting antibodies to borrelia burgdorferi.		1988	3275724
[predominant involvement of the central nervous system in a secondary form of borreliosis].	the clinical features of a patient with a secondary stage of borrelia burgdorferi infection are reported. severe symptoms and signs of central nervous involvement were present.	1988	3194610
re: "seasonal variation of transmission risk of lyme disease and human babesiosis".		1988	3195573
lyme disease in italy: isolation of borrelia burgdorferi from a patient.	a strain of borrelia burgdorferi was isolated from a 48-year-old female patient suffering from a chronic form of polyarthritis. significant titers of specific anti-borrelia antibodies were not found. this is the first report of isolation of borrelia burgdorferi from a patient in italy.	1988	3203735
seroconversion to borrelia burgdorferi in a patient with juvenile arthritis in ontario, canada.	a seroconversion to borrelia burgdorferi, the etiological agent of lyme disease, was documented in a 5 year old girl from central ontario. our patient developed juvenile arthritis in january, 1984 when she was 14 months old. it was relatively well controlled with aspirin. her arthritis flared in april, 1986 at which time seroconversion to b. burgdorferi was demonstrated by indirect immunofluorescence and by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. she was treated with phenoxymethyl penicillin and has ...	1988	3204603
[antibody activity of csf oligoclonal igg in infectious neurological diseases. detection using immunoblotting].	the authors describe various applications of an immunoblot technique which allows the qualitative determination of the specific antibody activity of oligoclonal igg intrathecally synthesized in infectious diseases of the nervous system. after dilution of sera to the same igg concentration as the paired csf samples, 10 microliters of both fluids are applied side by side on agarose gel plates and isoelectrically focused. precipitated igg or specific igg antibodies are then blotted onto a nitrocell ...	1988	3206996
first isolation of borrelia burgdorferi, the agent of lyme borreliosis, from ixodes ricinus (acari: ixodidae) in berlin (west).	in 1984, two human cases of tick-borne lyme borreliosis with considerable neurologic involvement were reported in berlin (west). the diagnosis of lyme borreliosis was serologically confirmed. the ticks which had transmitted the borrelia were from berlin (west). in the autumn of 1985, 156 ticks were collected in forests of berlin (west) for the cultural detection of spirochetes by using bsk ii medium. three strains of spirochetes were isolated (from a pooled sample of two nymphs, and samples of o ...	1988	3213319
antibodies to borrelia burgdorferi in dogs in north carolina.	an indirect immunofluorescence assay was used to detect antibodies against borrelia burgdorferi in sera from 600 dogs in 1983 and 402 dogs in 1985. in 1983, the overall prevalence rate of dogs with b burgdorferi titers greater than or equal to 1:64 was 3.6%, whereas in 1985, the prevalence rate was 2.7%. an unexplainable higher seroprevalence was detected in 1 group of dogs tested in 1983. these dogs were from the southern coastal plains of north carolina. in the dogs tested in 1985, this region ...	1988	3288020
[the spectrum of lyme borreliosis from the dermatologic viewpoint].	erythema chronicum migrans, lymphadenosis benigna cutis and acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans represent the dermatological manifestations of the multi-organ disease lyme borreliosis. koch's requirements of evidence for an infectious disease, demonstration of the bacterium, transfer, and culture have proven borrelia burgdorferi to be the causative agent of the above mentioned skin diseases. this justifies a penicillin therapy, that has been administered in europe empirically for the last 30 yea ...	1988	3289873
the urinary bladder, a consistent source of borrelia burgdorferi in experimentally infected white-footed mice (peromyscus leucopus).	white-footed mice, peromyscus leucopus, were experimentally infected in the laboratory with borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of lyme disease. after mice were infected by intraperitoneal or subcutaneous inoculation or by tick bite, attempts were made to culture spirochetes from the urinary bladder, spleen, kidney, blood, and urine. spirochetes were most frequently isolated from the bladder (94%), followed by the kidney (75%), spleen (61%), and blood (13%). no spirochetes were isolated fr ...	1988	3290239
use of an autologous antigen in the serologic testing of patients with erythema migrans of lyme disease.	we attempted to detect an early rise in antibody titers to borrelia burgdorferi in the serum of patients with erythema migrans of lyme disease by utilizing b. burgdorferi isolates obtained from patients' own skin lesions instead of the b31 reference strain. b. burgdorferi was isolated from nine of 23 skin biopsy specimens submitted for culture. elevated antibody titers were not detected in any of the 23 acute serum samples by immunofluorescence assay. the antigens derived from patient isolates w ...	1988	3290287
infections following tickbites. tick-borne encephalitis and lyme borreliosis--a prospective epidemiological study from tyrol.	we present here a prospective study on infections following tickbites in military recruits in the province of tyrol (austria). 84 recruits experienced tickbites and underwent clinical and serological examination twice at four-week intervals for signs of tick borne encephalitis (tbe)-virus or borrelia burgdorferi infections. 56 and 50 recruits could be evaluated for tbe-virus and borrelia infection, respectively. whereas no recruit was found with clinical or laboratory evidence of tbe-virus infec ...	1988	3215687
lyme disease meningopolyneuritis simulating malignant lymphoma.	lyme disease is a multisystem disorder resulting from infection by the tick-borne spirochete, borrelia burgdorferi. fever, chills, malaise and headaches; a characteristic rash; and subsequent polyarthritis typically herald the onset of this condition. neurologic involvement may occur with skin and joint manifestations or present alone as meningitis, cranial neuritis, and radiculopathy known as bannwarth's syndrome. we report the cerebrospinal fluid (csf) cytomorphologic and immunocytochemical fe ...	1988	3222255
borrelia burgdorferi antibodies in patients with relapsing/remitting form and chronic progressive form of multiple sclerosis.	sera of 106 multiple sclerosis patients and 103 closely matched controls were examined for borrelia burgdorferi antibodies. the prevalence rate in multiple sclerosis patients was 14.2%, in controls 25.2%. overall prevalence was 20.1%. mean igg antibody level was insignificantly higher in controls than in multiple sclerosis patients. patients with a chronic progressive course of multiple sclerosis had an insignificantly higher mean borrelia antibody level, when compared with those suffering from ...	1988	3225603
complete heart block in a dog seropositive for borrelia burgdorferi. similarity to human lyme carditis.	lyme disease has been recognized in humans since 1975 when it was associated with an outbreak of oligoarthritis in children in lyme, connecticut. erythema chronicum migrans (ecm) is a clinical marker for the human disease, which usually appears within 3 to 32 days after an infected tick bite. lyme disease is caused by spirochete, borrelia burgdorferi, which is vectored by the hard ticks ixodes dammini or ixodes pacificus in the united states. in humans, lyme disease has been found to cause a var ...	1988	3225808
[acrodermatitis chronic atrophicans and sclerodermiform skin changes in borrelia infection].	a female patient with acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans and widespread sclerodermiform skin lesions with a high igg antibody titer against borrelia burgdorferi is presented. the rapid improvement after high-dose penicillin g therapy and the course of the borrelia antibody titer suggest a persistence of the causative organism.	1988	3235338
serologic diagnosis of lyme disease.	indirect fluorescent antibody tests and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays are being used as laboratory aids for the diagnosis of lyme disease and related disorders. depending on the needs, polyvalent or class-specific reagents can be used to detect total immunoglobulins (ig) or igm and igg antibodies. the sensitivities of these assays are relatively low when serum samples are obtained from patients within 3 weeks after onset of erythema migrans and are tested by either the ifa method or elisa. ...	1988	3056197
neuroborreliosis in morphea and lichen sclerosus et atrophicus.	nine cases of different types of morphea and two of lichen sclerosus et atrophicus were investigated for the presence of neurologic symptoms. the borrelia origin of morphea and lichen sclerosus et atrophicus was verified by the presence of antibodies against borrelia burgdorferi and by the visualization of spirochetes on histologic sections by immunohistochemical methods. one patient had intrathecally synthesized igg antibodies against b. burgdorferi that indicated intrathecal infection. a secon ...	1988	3192771
ability to ixodes scapularis, dermacentor variabilis, and amblyomma americanum (acari: ixodidae) to acquire, maintain, and transmit lyme disease spirochetes (borrelia burgdorferi).		1988	3193425
ixodes dammini: occurrence and prevalence of infection with borrelia spp. in minnesota.	the distribution of ixodes dammini in minnesota was studied by collecting adult ticks from hunting dogs during the grouse seasons in september and october of 1985 and 1986. the tick was most frequently found in the east-central part of the state. borrelia spp. were observed by immunofluorescence in 10% of the ticks. the locations where ticks were found coincide with the primary endemic areas for lyme disease in the state.	1988	3193571
mammalian and avian reservoirs for borrelia burgdorferi.		1988	3056198
synovial fluid eosinophilia in lyme disease.	we describe three 14-year-old boys who developed synovial fluid eosinophilia associated with lyme disease. one patient, with arthritis that began in 1975, had the first documented case of lyme disease in new jersey. lyme disease should be considered when eosinophilia is noted on analysis of synovial fluid from patients with undiagnosed arthritis.	1988	3056421
laboratory aspects of lyme borreliosis.	lyme borreliosis (lyme disease), a common tick-borne disorder of people and domestic animals in north america and europe, is caused by the spirochete borrelia burgdorferi. following the discovery and initial propagation of this agent in 1981 came revelations that other tick-associated infectious disorders are but different forms of lyme borreliosis. a challenge for the clinician and microbiology laboratory is confirmation that a skin rash, a chronic meningitis, an episode of myocarditis, or an a ...	1988	3069200
[intermittent fever attacks. lyme disease without erythema chronicum migrans].		1988	3069790
[multiple neurologic manifestations of borrelia burgdorferi infection].	the neurological spectrum of borrelia burgdorferi infections is still enlarging. we review epidemiological, pathological and serological data of lyme disease. the course of the disease is divided in three stages: stage 1 during the first month is characterised by erythema chronicum migrans and associated manifestations; stage 2 includes not only the classical european meningoradiculitis but also less specific neurological symptoms: isolated lymphocytic meningitis with an acute or even relapsing ...	1988	3070690
[etiologic diagnosis of cases of autochthonous borrelia burgdorferi infection (lyme disease)].		1988	3249895
experimental lyme arthritis in rats infected with borrelia burgdorferi.		1988	3258003
spirochetal antigens and lymphoid cell surface markers in lyme synovitis. comparison with rheumatoid synovium and tonsillar lymphoid tissue.	using monoclonal antibodies to spirochetal antigenes and lymphoid cell surface markers, we examined the synovial lesions of 12 patients with lyme disease, and compared them with rheumatoid synovium and tonsillar lymphoid tissue. the synovial lesions of lyme disease patients and rheumatoid arthritis patients were similar and often consisted of the elements found in normal organized lymphoid tissue. in both diseases, t cells, predominantly of the helper/inducer subset, were distributed diffusely i ...	1988	3258751
immunoglobulin g subclasses specific to borrelia burgdorferi in patients with lyme disease.		1988	3263825
lyme borreliosis in california. acarological, clinical, and epidemiological studies.	the relative abundance of, and spirochetal-infection rates in, adult ixodid ticks from eight lyme borreliosis clinical-case areas and two comparison areas were investigated in northern california from late fall to early spring, 1984-87. the western black-legged tick (ixodes pacificus) was the most abundant species at seven of nine sites yielding specimens as determined with a tick drag method. the pacific coast tick (dermacentor occidentalis) was the most abundant species at two sites, and lesse ...	1988	3263826
an animal model for lyme arthritis.	a model of lyme arthritis has been developed in laboratory rats. intraperitoneal inoculation of a low-passage tick isolate of b. burgdorferi into neonatal and weanling lew/n rats resulted in multisystemic infection and arthritis. spirochetes were isolated from blood, liver, kidney, spleen, brain, and joints of inoculated rats. arthritis, associated with the presence of spirochetes, developed in multiple joints by day 14 and persisted through day 90 after inoculation. arthritic lesions resembled ...	1988	3263827
association of hla-dr2 antigen with serum igg antibodies against borrelia burgdorferi in bannwarth's syndrome.	the frequency of the hla-dr2 antigen in 33 patients with clinical symptoms and signs of bannwarth's syndrome was 33%, which was not significantly different from the 29% occurrence in 505 control subjects. however, all 11 hla-dr2-positive patients had elevated serum levels of igg antibodies against borrelia burgdorferi, and these were present in 45% of 22 hla-dr2-negative patients (p = 0.004). in the 21 patients with anti-b. burgdorferi antibodies the frequency of hla-dr2 was 52%, which is signif ...	1988	3265432
borrelia burgdorferi--specific and autoreactive t-cell lines from cerebrospinal fluid in lyme radiculomyelitis.	in 3 patients with lyme radiculomyelitis, cellular immune reactions of cerebrospinal fluid (csf) lymphocytes were analyzed. phenotypic analysis of csf cells demonstrated that the majority were t cells (cd3+) of the helper/inducer subset (cd4+). these t cells were directly expanded from the csf by limiting dilution. a total of 505 t-cell lines were tested for borrelia burgdorferi (bb)-specific proliferation and also partly tested for reactivity to a panel of central and peripheral nervous system ...	1988	3266455
hepatitis due to recurrent lyme disease.		1988	3358572
lyme disease and its neurologic complications.	lyme disease is recognized as a cause of illness involving multiple organ systems. the transmission of the borrelia burgdorferi spirochete depends on a complicated vector life cycle, involving multiple mammalian and avian hosts. although the illness is reported worldwide, variable clinical presentations on different continents raise questions about disease mechanisms. multiple neurologic syndromes can occur alone or in combination, producing peripheral neuropathies, radiculopathies, myelopathies ...	1988	3276302
role of immunoglobulin g in killing of borrelia burgdorferi by the classical complement pathway.	the antibody and complement requirements for killing of borrelia burgdorferi 297 by normal human serum (nhs) and nhs plus immunoglobulin g (igg) were examined. b. burgdorferi activated both the alternative and classical complement pathways in nhs. in nhs chelated with 10 mm ethylene glycol-bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-n,n,n',n'-tetraacetic acid plus 4 mm mgcl2 (mg-egta) to block classical pathway activation, consumption (activation) of total hemolytic complement, complement component 3 (c3), and c ...	1988	3276623
comparison of immunoblotting and indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using different antigen preparations for diagnosing early lyme disease.	we compared immunoblotting and indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) using different antigen preparations to test for antibody to borrelia burgdorferi in patients with early lyme disease. with immunoblotting, 16 (53%) of 30 patients had positive tests in acute-phase sera and 25 (83%) had them in convalescent-phase sera. among 64 controls, false-positive results were obtained in only three individuals with syphilis and in one hospitalized patient with renal allograft rejection. among ...	1988	3279140
spirochetes in mammals and ticks (acari: ixodidae) from a focus of lyme borreliosis in california.	in northern california, antibodies to borrelia burgdorferi were detected in 58 of 73 (79%), and spirochetemias in one of 26 (4%) black-tailed jackrabbits (lepus californicus californicus), by indirect and direct immunofluorescence, respectively. five species of ticks (dermacentor occidentalis, d. parumapertus, ixodes neotomae, i. pacificus, and haemaphysalis leporispalustris) were collected from rabbits. two of these species of ticks were found to contain spirochetes; two of 10 (20%) i. neotomae ...	1988	3280837
persistent intrathecal secretion of oligoclonal, borrelia burgdorferi-specific igg in chronic meningoradiculomyelitis.	in the cerebrospinal fluid igg of five patients with lymphomeningoradiculitis (bannwarth's syndrome) and radiculomyelitis studied by immunoblot technique an oligoclonal pattern was found. most of these oligoclonal bands were specific for borrelia burgdorferi. in patients suffering from chronic meningoradiculomyelitis, repeated csf examination by this technique showed persistent secretion of identical igg bands. thus, the specific humoral immune response and the disease activity could be document ...	1988	3373242
borreliosis in free-ranging black bears from wisconsin.	blood, kidney and tick samples were obtained from 18 hunter-killed black bears (ursus americanus) from three sites in northern wisconsin. a borrelia sp., morphologically and antigenically similar to borrelia burgdorferi, was isolated from the blood of two of the animals, and from the kidney of a third. ixodes dammini and dermacentor variabilis were found on the bears. this is the first report of borreliosis in the ursidae, and of the primary vector of lyme disease, i. dammini, from this host.	1988	3373646
borreliosis in equids in northeastern united states.	during 1982 and 1985, blood samples from 705 equids were examined for antibodies to borrelia burgdorferi. by indirect immunofluorescence staining, igm and total immunoglobulin (igm and igg) antibodies were detected in 37 (5.3%) and 90 (12.8%) serum specimens, respectively. the geometric mean titer for igm antibody (140.4) was highest during july, whereas total immunoglobulin ranged from 94.1 in october to 338 in may. eighty-six equids with total immunoglobulin to b burgdorferi lived in areas of ...	1988	3282461
borrelia burgdorferi borreliosis.		1988	3284861
[tick-borne borrelia burgdorferi--frequent causative agent of peripheral facial paralysis].		1988	3290791
serologic analyses of peromyscus leucopus, a rodent reservoir for borrelia burgdorferi, in northeastern united states.	an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and indirect fluorescent-antibody test were used to detect antibodies to borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of lyme disease, in peromyscus leucopus (white-footed mouse). of the 661 mice captured in connecticut, rhode island, and new york during 1980 and 1983 to 1987, 166 (25.1%) had antibodies to b. burgdorferi by elisa. comparative analyses of 210 serum specimens, collected in areas where lyme disease is endemic, revealed a threefold differenc ...	1988	3384925
lyme disease: the latest great imitator.	lyme disease is caused by the spirochete b. burgdorferi. like its counterpart syphilis, it causes multisystem disease particularly affecting the skin, nervous system, heart and musculoskeletal system. it is endemic in several areas of the united states as well as in europe. the prompt recognition of this disease and its diverse manifestations should lead to early treatment and resolution. prevention is aimed at avoidance of the tick vector.	1988	3292999
lyme myositis: muscle invasion by borrelia burgdorferi.		1988	3389608
[lyme disease--a new infection from natural foci].		1988	2965619
[identification and initial results of the study of lyme disease in northwestern ussr].		1988	2966893
clinical and neuroimmunological findings in chronic borrelia burgdorferi radiculomyelitis (lyme disease).		1988	3058745
clinical and serologic evaluations of induced borrelia burgdorferi infection in dogs.	adult beagles were used to evaluate clinical signs and serologic response after inoculation with, or exposure to, borrelia burgdorferi. an indirect immunofluorescent assay (ifa) and 2 elisa were used to monitor the serologic response to b burgdorferi. feeding infected ticks on 4 dogs (group 1) failed to cause seroconversion, and sc inoculation with 500 organisms caused minimal seroconversion in 2 of 4 dogs (group 2). at 56 days, approximately 3.01 x 10(8) b burgdorferi organisms were injected iv ...	1988	3041881
[serodiagnosis of lyme borreliosis].	there are various serodiagnostic tests available for the detection of antibodies against borrelia burgdorferi. an indirect hemagglutination assay, which can detect both igm and igg antibodies, was developed for antibody screening. regarding the confirmation and differentiation of igm and igg, we use the indirect immunofluorescence assay (most specific when performed with sera previously absorbed with treponema phagedenis) as well as the elisa test. the detection of significantly elevated antibod ...	1988	3043955
ticks and biting insects infected with the etiologic agent of lyme disease, borrelia burgdorferi.	members of 18 species of ticks, mosquitoes, horse flies, and deer flies were collected in southeastern connecticut and tested by indirect fluorescent-antibody staining methods for borrelia burgdorferi, the etiologic agent of lyme disease. an infection rate of 36.2% (116 tested), recorded for immature ixodes dammini, exceeded positivity values for all other arthropod species. prevalence of infection for hematophagous insects ranged from 2.9% of 105 hybomitra lasiophthalma to 14.3% of seven hybomi ...	1988	3170711
lyme borreliosis in the soviet union: a cooperative us-ussr report.	we identified 90 patients with tick-borne erythema migrans in the union of soviet socialist republics (ussr) in areas from the western baltic republics to the maritime territory on the pacific ocean. symptoms associated with the erythema included fever, malaise and fatigue, headache, myalgias, arthralgias, or regional lymphadenopathy. within two weeks to four months, 58 (64%) of the patients developed neurological abnormalities, particularly radicular pain, cranial neuritis, or lymphocytic menin ...	1988	3171226
cultivation of borrelia burgdorferi from joint fluid three months after treatment of facial palsy due to lyme borreliosis.		1988	3171237
characterization of a circular plasmid from borrelia burgdorferi, etiologic agent of lyme disease.	borrelia burgdorferi, the etiologic agent of lyme disease, was recently shown to contain plasmid dna. two plasmid species have been described in strain ct1, a wisconsin tick isolate: a 9.2-kilobase entity; and a larger, 70-kilobase entity. characterization of the 9.2-kilobase entity by using dnase i and restriction endonucleases demonstrated that the plasmid is supercoiled and exists as a stable dimer in this strain. the role played by the plasmid in b. burgdorferi is unknown.	1988	3183006
seronegative lyme disease. dissociation of specific t- and b-lymphocyte responses to borrelia burgdorferi.	the diagnosis of lyme disease often depends on the measurement of serum antibodies to borrelia burgdorferi, the spirochete that causes this disorder. although prompt treatment with antibiotics may abrogate the antibody response to the infection, symptoms persist in some patients. we studied 17 patients who had presented with acute lyme disease and received prompt treatment with oral antibiotics, but in whom chronic lyme disease subsequently developed. although these patients had clinically activ ...	1988	3054554
[lyme disease. clinical, biological and developmental aspects. 29 cases in the orléans region].	the description of lyme's disease (ld) in 3 stages (like syphilis), has now become classical. 29 cases of ld, between june 1981 and november 1986, have been recorded at the hospital in orleans. the first twelve patients that were clinically diagnosed before the serology was introduced in france, have been recalled in order to search for possible late forms and assay their antibody level of anti-borrelia burgdorferi. the preponderance of neurological forms (22 cases) and the scarcity of periphera ...	1988	3055243
[borrelia burgdorferi encephalomyelitis].	we report two patients with chronic encephalomyelitis due to borrelia burgdorferi in whom the definite diagnosis was delayed because of atypical clinical features. the first patient presented with chronic spastic paraparesis, slight ataxia and nystagmus of several years' duration. a tentative diagnosis of multiple sclerosis was made in spite of important abnormalities of the csf biological characteristics. the second patient presented with an acute aphasia and a bilateral babinski's sign. he was ...	1988	3187297
ticks parasitizing humans in a lyme disease endemic area of southern new york state.	a total of 126 tick specimens were submitted by tick bite victims to the westchester county department of health, white plains, new york, and to the new york medical college, medical entomology laboratory, armonk, new york, during 1985. these included 96 (76.2%) ixodes dammini, 26 (20.6%) dermacentor variabilis, and two (1.6%) amblyomma americanum. i. dammini parasitism was reported during all months of the year except december and february and involved all life stages. only d. variabilis adults ...	1988	3189288
modulation of natural killer cell activity by borrelia burgdorferi.		1988	3056196
[a new type of spirochete infection: lyme disease].		1988	3071626
[cutaneous b cell lymphoma in chronic borrelia burgdorferi infection. report of 2 cases and a review of the literature].	low-grade malignant b-cell lymphomas of the skin can be distinguished from lymphadenosis benigna cutis (bäfverstedt) by immunohistological methods developed in the last few years. its coexistence with borrelia burgdorferi infection can be shown by clinical and serological findings. in the chronic stage of this infection, lymphocytic cell infiltrations consistent with histological and immunohistological findings of malignant b-cell lymphoma can be found. predominantly at the extremities, multiple ...	1988	3072322
serodiagnosis of early lyme disease: analysis of igm and igg antibody responses by using an antibody-capture enzyme immunoassay.	we used an antibody-capture enzyme immunoassay (eia) to evaluate the early antibody responses to borrelia burgdorferi in paired sera from 30 patients with erythema chronicum migrans. during acute disease, 20 (67%) patients had elevated specific igm responses, and by convalescence (one to four weeks after treatment), 28 (93%) patients had increased igm or igg responses. in acute specimens, elevated igm responses correlated with disseminated infection; however, by convalescence, most patients with ...	1988	3049839
[comparative evaluation of 2 methods for demonstrating borrelia in ticks--the vectors of lyme disease].		1988	2978047
immunochemical characterization of and isolation of the gene for a borrelia burgdorferi immunodominant 60-kilodalton antigen common to a wide range of bacteria.	by crossed immunoelectrophoresis and western blotting (immunoblotting), it was shown that borrelia burgdorferi expresses the 60-kilodalton common antigen (ca) that is cross-reactive with an equivalent antigen in a wide range of remotely related bacteria. b. burgdorferi ca is strongly immunogenic. a b. burgdorferi genomic library was constructed by using a plasmid cloning system. escherichia coli recombinants were screened for expression of immunodominant b. burgdorferi antigens. one of the recom ...	1988	2840400
borrelia burgdorferi infection: a neurologist's perspective.		1988	2847620
antigenic variability of borrelia burgdorferi.	borrelia burgdorferi strains (six isolates from north america and 28 isolates from europe) were analyzed by physicochemical and immunological methods. by sds-page, all borrelia burgdorferi strains tested had two major proteins with constant molecular weights of 60 and 41 kda and one, two, or three variable low molecular weight proteins (ospa = 30-32 kda, ospb = 34-36 kda, pc = 21-22 kda). all combinations--except ospb alone or ospb/pc--were observed. borrelia burgdorferi strains were different f ...	1988	2461135
[primary lymphoma of the nervous system following radiculoneuritis caused by borrelia burgdorferi: study of a case].	a 50-year-old man had a primary lymphoma of the central nervous system one year after a tick bite and a radiculoneuritis secondary to borrelia burgdorferi infection. determination of antibodies against borrelia burgdorferi revealed increasing igm and igg titers, and the autopsy showed a primary b-cell immunoblastic lymphoma of the brain without evidence of extraneural lymphoproliferative disorder. lymphoma of the brain is a rare type of central nervous system cancer, and sporadic cases appear wi ...	1988	2451279
biological activity of borrelia burgdorferi antigens.	osp-a (approximately 31 kda) and flagellins (approximately 41 kda) are prominent antigens of borrelia burgdorferi. both osp-a and flagellins are immunogenic in patients and in experimentally infected mice and hamsters, but the kinetics of antibody formation to each vary considerably between the species. the role of eluted osp-a and flagellins in the cellular immune response, chemotaxigenesis, and cytoadherence was measured. eluted osp-a and flagellins stimulated the proliferation of normal and i ...	1988	2461134
a murine igm monoclonal antibody binds an antigenic determinant in outer surface protein a, an immunodominant basic protein of the lyme disease spirochete.	a hybridoma cell line formed by the fusion of the p3x63-ag8.653 myeloma cell line with splenocytes from balb/c mice immunized with borrelia burgdorferi produced an igm monoclonal antibody (mab-11g1) with kappa-light chains which detected an antigenic determinant in a major spirochetal protein of m.w. approximately 31,000, also known as outer surface protein a (osp-a). apparent saturation was reached in approximately 35 min with 34 ng of mab-11g1 binding to 5 x 10(7) spirochetes giving an estimat ...	1988	2447170
isolation and characterization of borrelia burgdorferi-specific and autoreactive t-cell lines from the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with lyme meningoradiculomyelitis.		1988	2462820
[identification of borrelia isolated in the ussr from ixodes persulcatus schulze ticks].	the data on the identification of 7 spirochetal isolates from ixodes persulcatus ticks collected in leningrad province and the khabarovsk territory are presented. these isolates, studied with the use of monoclonal antibodies, have been shown to belong to borrelia burgdorferi.	1988	3072807
shared flagellar epitopes of borrelia burgdorferi and borrelia anserina.	antigenic cross-reactivity between borrelia burgdorferi and borrelia anserina was studied using mouse immune sera and monoclonal antibodies. with immune sera, significant cross-reactivity between b. burgdorferi and b. anserina was demonstrated by indirect immunofluorescent assay. in immunoblots, most of the cross-reactivity was shown to be associated with the periplasmic flagella. using monoclonal antibodies in immunoblots, it was shown that b. burgdorferi and b. anserina shared at least two fla ...	1989	2473569
borrelia burgdorferi infection in uk workers at risk of tick bites.		1989	2564599
immune responses to borrelia burgdorferi in patients with reactive arthritis.	in reactive arthritis (rea), including reiter's syndrome, a close relationship between chronic enteric and genitourinary infections and the clinical features of enthesitis has been described. in contrast, in lyme arthritis, a distinct clinical entity, chronic infection with the tick-transmitted spirochete borrelia burgdorferi has been associated with the disease. in a prospective study, 51 patients with rea were tested for evidence of chlamydial and spirochetal infection. the presence of chlamyd ...	1989	2476133
predominance of borrelia burgdorferi specific b cells in cerebrospinal fluid in neuroborreliosis.	a nitrocellulose immunospot assay that allows the counting of cells secreting igg, iga, or igm antibodies to borrelia burgdorferi was used to compare b cell response to b burgdorferi at the cellular level in cerebrospinal fluid (csf) and blood from patients with neuroborreliosis with that in patients with aseptic meningoencephalitis (am) or non-inflammatory neurological diseases. 13 of the 14 patients with untreated neuroborreliosis had csf cells secreting igg antibodies to b burgdorferi (mean 1 ...	1989	2567872