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the virion host shutoff protein of herpes simplex virus inhibits reporter gene expression in the absence of other viral gene products.the virion host shutoff (vhs) function of herpes simplex virus induces degradation of host mrnas at early times and rapid turnover of viral mrnas throughout infection. previous studies have shown that disruption of the ul41 gene abrogates vhs activity, but have not determined whether the ul41 polypeptide is the direct inducer of mrna degradation or whether it is the only virion component required for this activity. in this paper we report that transfection of cells with ul41 inhibits expression ...19957645253
the role of ambiental agents in behçet's disease.to evaluate the potential role of environmental agents in the etiopathogenesis of behçet's disease.19957655866
peptidomimetic inhibitors of herpes simplex virus ribonucleotide reductase: a new class of antiviral agents.we have been investigating a new class of antiviral compounds effective against herpes simplex virus (hsv) in vitro and in vivo. antiviral activity results from inhibition of hsv ribonucleotide reductase (rr). the inhibitors are designed as mimics of the rr small subunit c-terminus, a region essential for rr subunit association and consequently enzymatic activity. inhibition results from specific binding of the inhibitor to the hsv rr large subunit thereby preventing subunit association. this re ...19957658449
lactoferrin inhibits herpes simplex virus type-1 (hsv-1) infection to mouse cornea.lactoferrin inhibits bacterial growth in the conjunctival sac. however, its antiviral function particularly in ocular tissue has not been reported in the literature. we studied whether lactoferrin inhibits infection of herpes simplex virus type-1 (hsv-1) in vitro using vero cell monolayer. we also tested the inhibitory effect of lactoferrin on hsv-1 infection in the mouse cornea. lactoferrin prevented hsv-1 plaque formation. administration of topical 1% lactoferrin prior to the virus inoculation ...19957661698
herpes simplex virus-1 replication in histiotypic rotation-mediated reaggregated murine brain.inbred mouse strains exhibit varying susceptibilities to severe herpes simplex virus (hsv)-1-related neurologic disease. hsv-1 replication was examined in neural tissue obtained from mouse strains susceptible (a/j, sjl), moderately resistant (balb/c), or resistant (c57bl/6) to severe hsv-1 disease. reaggregated brain cultures were prepared from mechanically dissociated fetal mouse brains maintained with constant rotation. the resulting aggregates each contain neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocyte ...19957666042
inhibition of herpes simplex virus infection by negatively charged and neutral carbohydrate polymers.different natural and semisynthetic polysaccharides were evaluated for their inhibitory effect on in vitro replication of herpes simplex virus (hsv) types 1 and 2. some neutral and negatively charged carbohydrates were able to inhibit viral infection by interfering mainly with the adsorption process showing a dose-dependent relationship. their effect was shown within the concentration range of 200-0.8 micrograms/ml, and the inhibiting compounds were in order of action: dextran sulfate = sclerogl ...19957666126
initial characterization of the membrane-associated form of icp4 of herpes simplex virus type 1.the immediate-early gene product, icp4, of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) is one of the major transcriptional regulatory proteins in the virus replicative process and is localized primarily within the nucleus soon after its synthesis. earlier studies have shown that detectable amounts of icp4 are also associated with the plasma membranes of infected cells (f. yao and r. j. courtney, j. virol. 65:1516-1524, 1991). to extend our understanding of the properties of the membrane-associated icp4, ...19957666557
stereospecificity of human dna polymerases alpha, beta, gamma, delta and epsilon, hiv-reverse transcriptase, hsv-1 dna polymerase, calf thymus terminal transferase and escherichia coli dna polymerase i in recognizing d- and l-thymidine 5'-triphosphate as substrate.l-beta-deoxythymidine (l-dt), the optical enantiomer of d-beta-deoxythymidine (d-dt), and l-enantiomers of nucleoside analogs, such as 5-iodo-2'-deoxy-l-uridine (l-idu) and e-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2'-deoxy-l-uridine (l-bvdu), are not recognized in vitro by human cytosolic thymidine kinase (tk), but are phosphorylated by herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) tk and inhibit hsv-1 proliferation in infected cells. here we report that: (i) l-dt is selectively phosphorylated in vivo to l-dtmp by hsv-1 tk and ...19957544886
expression of bcl-2 from a defective herpes simplex virus-1 vector limits neuronal death in focal cerebral ischemia.a process resembling programmed cell death appears to contribute to postischemic neuronal loss in several models of stroke. because the expression of the bcl-2 gene has been shown to rescue neurons from programmed cell death due to other causes, we determined whether it would be similarly neuroprotective in stroke.19957544927
effect of glycerol on intracellular virus survival: implications for the clinical use of glycerol-preserved cadaver skin.glycerol has long been used for the preservation of skin allografts. the antimicrobial activity of glycerol has not been fully documented. this paper reports the results of an investigation of a model studying the effect of glycerol on the inactivation of intracellular viruses. two viruses--herpes simplex type i (hsv-1) and poliovirus--were cultured within human dermal fibroblasts. these intracellular viruses were incubated with 50 per cent, 85 per cent and 98 per cent glycerol at 4 degrees c an ...19957546258
purine arabinonucleoside 5'-triphosphates with substituents at 2' position as substrates for dna polymerases.analogues of arantps carrying an azido or aminogroup instead of the 2' hydroxyl exhibited substrate properties towards several mammalian and viral dna polymerases. at the same time, introduction of a bulky hydrophobic dnp group into the 2' position inactivated the compounds as substrates. hsv-1 and cmv dna polymerases were an interesting exception: they effectively incorporated the modified nucleotide residues with dnp group into the 3'-termini of the dna chain. this is a reliable distinction of ...19957549922
crystal structures of the thymidine kinase from herpes simplex virus type-1 in complex with deoxythymidine and ganciclovir.the crystal structures of thymidine kinase from herpes simplex virus type-1 complexed with its natural substrate deoxythymidine (dt) and complexed with the guanosine analogue ganciclovir have been solved. both structures are in the c222(1) crystal form with two molecules per asymmetric unit related by a non-crystallographic two-fold axis. the present models have been refined to 2.8 a and 2.2 a, with crystallographic r factors of 24.1% and 23.3% for the dt and ganciclovir complexes respectively, ...19957552712
search for evidence of three viral agents in radicular (periapical) cysts with immunohistochemistry.sections from 20 paraffin-embedded radicular cysts and positive-control subjects were subjected to immunostaining procedures after treatment of the sections with polyclonal antibodies was performed to search for evidence of human papilloma virus and herpes viruses 1 and 2 in the lining epithelium. all 20 specimens examined were negative for the presence of all three viruses.19957552869
reactivation of oral-lingual herpes by chlorinated swimming pool water: a case report.the authors describe the case of a highly stressed 36-year-old man who experienced ten or more painful episodes per year of recurrent oral-lingual herpes simplex virus 1, which were only partially responsive to acyclovir therapy for three years. a three-year diary of activities, personal stresses, concurrent infections, local trauma, and other possible psychogenic, somatogenic, and environmental events was used systematically to attempt to pair the stresses with the recurrent herpes episodes. ch ...19957555103
the role of herpes simplex thymidine kinase expression in neurovirulence and latency in newborn vs. adult mice.infection by standard thymidine kinase-positive (tk+) and tk- mutant herpes simplex virus (hsv) was performed in order to evaluate the role of hsv tk expression in neurovirulence and in hsv latency. in newborn mice, mortality and trigeminal ganglion (tg) hsv titer correlated (both were high) for tk+ and tk- hsv. in adult mice after tk- hsv infection they also correlated (both were low). after tk+ infection of adult mice, correlation was not present; mortality was low while hsv titer was moderate ...19957560011
immune cell infiltration and persistence in the mouse trigeminal ganglion after infection of the cornea with herpes simplex virus type 1.following inoculation of the mouse cornea with herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1), the spread of virus was investigated and the types of immune cell infiltrating the trigeminal ganglion (tg) were identified in low temperature paraffin wax sections. virus antigen was first found on day 3 and was absent after day 14. early presentation of antigen to t cells may occur since increased expression of major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class ii antigens, including de novo expression on satellite a ...19957560014
defective entry of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 into porcine cells and lack of infection in infant pigs indicate species tropism.we have determined if a defect at entry of the human pathogen herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) into cultured porcine cells extends to hsv-2 and if the poor susceptibility of porcine cells for these viruses is indicative of in vivo species tropism. hsv-1 replicates poorly in swine testis (st) and other porcine cells which lack a functional non-heparan sulphate receptor(s) required for virus entry. by several criteria, st cells resist infection by either hsv-1 or hsv-2. infection can be restore ...19957561780
efficacy of herpes vaccine and acyclovir (acv) in a rabbit model following intraocular inoculation of herpes simplex virus.it has been shown that injection of herpes simplex virus (hsv) type i into the vitreous body of the eye in 18-day-old albino rabbits consistently induced encephalitis. in the untreated group the lesions followed a defined anatomical pathway in the central nervous system and produced a chronic progressive disease with 95% survival. detailed observations in the spread of hsv along the optic pathway determined the extent of damage at any given day. some of the old rabbits developed typical herpetic ...19957562016
detection of herpes simplex virus dna in spontaneous abortions from hiv-positive women using non-isotopic in situ hybridization.the purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of herpes simplex virus (hsv) endometritis in spontaneous abortions in hiv-positive women using non-isotopic in situ hybridization (nish). post-abortal endometrial curettings from 18 hiv-positive women were investigated for the presence of hsv-1 and hsv-2 dna with nish. in addition, 18 unselected post-abortal endometrial curettings in hiv-negative women were used as controls, together with samples of normal proliferative and secretory end ...19957562255
synthesis and anti-dna viral activities in vitro of certain 2,4-disubstituted-7-(2-deoxy-2-fluoro-beta-d-arabinofuranosyl)pyrrolo[2,3-d d pyrimidine nucleosides.several novel 2,4-disubstituted-7-(2-deoxy-2-fluoro-beta-d- arabinofuranosyl)pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines have been synthesized and evaluated for their anti-human cytomegalovirus (hcmv), anti-hepatitis b virus (hbv), and anti-herpes simplex virus (hsv) activities in vitro. these nucleosides were prepared starting from 2-amino-4-chloro-7-(2-deoxy-2-fluoro- 3,5-di-o-benzoyl-beta-d-arabinofuranosyl)pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine (3), which in turn was synthesized by direct glycosylation of the sodium salt o ...19957562929
synthesis and antiproliferative and antiviral activity of 2'-deoxy-2'-fluoroarabinofuranosyl analogs of the nucleoside antibiotics toyocamycin and sangivamycin.the glycosylation of 3,4-dicyano-2-[(ethoxymethylene)amino]pyrrole (7) with 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-alpha-d-erythro-pentofuranosyl bromide (2) furnished an anomeric mixture of nucleosides (8a,b). this mixture was separated, and the individual anomers were treated with methanolic ammonia to effect a concomitant deblocking and ring closure. this furnished both anomers of 2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-ara-toyocamycin (9a,b). the cyano moiety of 9b was converted to the carboxamide moiety to furnish 2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro ...19957562946
herpes simplex virus in iridocorneal endothelial syndrome. 19957575245
[varying sensitivity to acyclovir of different years' clinical isolates of herpes simplex virus].the population of types i and 2 herpes simplex viruses (hsv) to be studied consisted mainly of acyclovir-sensitive strains. in some cases acyclovir-resistant hsv strains were detected. the phenotypic profile of the acyclovir-resistant strains were shown to have low reproduction rates in tissue cultures. their antigenic character was similar to that of reference strains. several phenotypic variants concurrently isolated from the same patient differ in their reproductive properties, antigenic char ...19957580404
expression and splicing of the latency-associated transcripts of herpes simplex virus type 1 in neuronal and non-neuronal cell lines.herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) is transcriptionally active during latent infection in human peripheral sensory ganglia. this transcription has been linked to the ability of the virus to reactivate, but its potential gene products and mechanisms of action are unknown. to analyze the viral latency-related transcripts in neuronal and non-neuronal cell lines in an isolated cellular system, a 10.4 kb dna fragment, which covers the entire viral transcriptionally active latency-associated region, ...19957490273
the use of dedicated peptide libraries permits the discovery of high affinity binding peptides.the motif for peptide binding to monoclonal antibody mab a16, which is known to be directed against glycoprotein d of herpes simplex virus type 1, was determined using two dedicated peptide libraries. as a starting point for this study we used an a-16 binding lead sequence, which had previously been obtained from a phage display peptide library (schellekens et al., 1994). binding studies with different length variants of this peptide identified a 12mer as a suitable lead compound for our library ...19957490454
intracellular localisation of herpes simplex virus type 1 ribonucleotide reductase subunits during infection of cultured cells.we have analysed the intracellular localisation of herpes simplex virus type 1 ribonucleotide reductase during infection of cultured cells by indirect immunofluorescence using polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies specific for the r1 and r2 subunits. three different viruses were used to infect cells, wild-type strain 17+ and two temperature-sensitive mutants, ts 1222, which produces r1 only, and ts 1207, which expresses a normal r2 and an altered r1 that fails to interact with r2 at the nonpermis ...19957491785
sequestration of pml and sp100 proteins in an intranuclear viral structure during herpes simplex virus type 1 infection.we investigated the intranuclear distribution of pml and sp100 in hela cells at the ultrastructural level and examined their relocalization in response to herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) infection. in the absence of infection, we observed that both are components, not only of nuclear bodies, but also of interchromatin granule-associated zones, which suggests a potential role for pml and sp100 in splicing events. prolonged hsv-1 infection induced dramatic changes in nuclear organization which ...19957493645
vp16 interacts via its activation domain with vp22, a tegument protein of herpes simplex virus, and is relocated to a novel macromolecular assembly in coexpressing cells.in addition to its function as a powerful transactivator of viral immediate-early transcription, vp16 is an essential component of the herpes simplex virus (hsv) virion. as such, vp16 is introduced into cells, to effect its function in transactivation, as part of the virus tegument. here we examine the potential for vp16 protein-protein interactions specific to virus-infected cells and show that vp16 copurifies in a highly enriched fraction with a single major polypeptide which we identify as th ...19957494306
roles of different t-cell subsets in control of herpes simplex virus infection determined by using t-cell-deficient mouse-models.herpes simplex virus infection of the scarified dermis results in infection of the nervous system and, subsequently, a cutaneous lesion in the innervated dermatome. we compared the pathogenesis of such zosteriform lesions in mice lacking or severely depleted of cd4+ or cd8+ t cells because of targeted gene disruption. mice without cd4+ cells showed markedly increased susceptibility, whereas beta 2 microglobulin knockout mice lacking cd8+ t cells were as resistant to challenge as were immunocompe ...19957494346
clinical viral infections and temporal bone histologic studies of patients with aids.the brain, eye, and inner ear are each protected from blood-borne infectious agents by a barrier that has some anatomic and functional differences. in patients with aids, opportunistic infections of the central nervous system and eye are frequent. little is known about the incidence of middle and inner ear infections in patients with aids, but deafness and severe vertigo are uncommon. we studied 14 homosexual men with aids, aged 28 to 55 years, for 1 to 2 years until death. no patient had deafne ...19957501379
design, synthesis, and structure-activity relationship of novel dinucleotide analogs as agents against herpes and human immunodeficiency viruses.a new acyclic nucleoside phosphonate (13) containing an adenine moiety was synthesized, which acted as an excellent inhibitor of calf mucosal adenosine deaminase. this inhibitory property allows it to exert great synergistic effect on certain antiviral agents (e.g., ara-a, 37). phosphonate 13 was not phosphorylated by the bovine brain guanylate kinase nor by 5-phosphoribosyl 1-pyrophosphate synthetase. syntheses of biologically active nucleotide phosphonate 40 and its phosphonoamidate derivative ...19957473592
role of the virion host shutoff (vhs) of herpes simplex virus type 1 in latency and pathogenesis.the herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) ul41 gene product, virion host shutoff (vhs), has homologs among five alphaherpesviruses (hsv-1, hsv-2, pseudorabies virus, varicella-zoster virus, and equine herpesvirus 1), suggesting a role for this protein in neurotropism. a mutant virus, termed ul41nhb, which carries a nonsense linker in the ul41 open reading frame at amino acid position 238 was generated. ul41nhb and a marker-rescued virus, ul41nhb-r, were characterized in vitro and tested for their ...19957474089
point mutations in the herpes simplex virus type 1 vmw110 ring finger helix affect activation of gene expression, viral growth, and interaction with pml-containing nuclear structures.herpes simplex virus type 1 immediate-early protein vmw110 (also known as icp0) has been implicated in the control of the balance between the lytic and latent states, but the precise mechanisms by which it exerts its effects are unknown. vmw110 includes a characteristic zinc binding domain, termed the c3hc4 domain or ring finger, which is essential for its function. the solution structure of a related herpesvirus ring finger domain suggested that an amphipathic alpha helix might be an important ...19957474166
[purine arabinonucleoside-5'-triphosphates with substituents in the 2'-position as dna polymerase substrates].analogues of arantps carrying an azido or aminogroup instead of the 2' hydroxyl exhibited substrate properties towards several mammalian and viral dna polymerases. at the same time, introduction of a bulky hydrophobic dnp group into the 2' position inactivated the compounds as substrates. hsv-1 and cmv dna polymerases were an interesting exception: they effectively incorporated the modified nucleotide residues with dnp group into the 3'-termini of the dna chain. this is a reliable way to disting ...19957476957
targeted ablation of pituitary pre-proopiomelanocortin cells by herpes simplex virus-1 thymidine kinase differentially regulates mrnas encoding the adrenocorticotropin receptor and aldosterone synthase in the mouse adrenal gland.we have produced and characterized lines of transgenic mice expressing a fusion gene composed of the pituitary expression-specific promoter region of the pomc gene, driving the herpes simplex viral-1 thymidine kinase. adult mice were treated with the antiherpes agent ganciclovir at 70 mg/kg body weight (ip, twice daily for 10-12 days). approximately 98% of the pituitary intermediate lobe melanotropes and anterior lobe corticotropes were ablated as determined by immunocytochemistry and ria specif ...19957476975
association of a m(r) 90,000 phosphoprotein with protein kinase pkr in cells exhibiting enhanced phosphorylation of translation initiation factor eif-2 alpha and premature shutoff of protein synthesis after infection with gamma 134.5- mutants of herpes simplex virus 1.the protein encoded by the gamma 134.5 gene of herpes simplex virus precludes premature shutoff of protein synthesis in human cells triggered by stress associated with onset of viral dna synthesis. the carboxyl terminus of the protein is essential for this function. this report indicates that the shutoff of protein synthesis is not due to mrna degration because mrna from wild-type or gamma 134.5- virus-infected cells directs protein synthesis. analyses of the posttranslational modifications of t ...19957479831
mode of action of (r)-9-[4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)butyl]guanine against herpesviruses.the activity, metabolism, and mode of action of (r)-9-[4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)butyl]guanine (h2g) against herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) and type 2 (hsv-2) and varicella-zoster virus (vzv) were studied. compared to acyclovir (acv), h2g has superior activity against vzv (50% inhibitory concentration of 2.3 microm) and epstein-barr virus (50% inhibitory concentration of 0.9 microm), comparable activity against hsv-1, and weaker activity against hsv-2. the antiviral effect on hsv-1 showed ...19957486922
efficacy of traditional herbal medicines in combination with acyclovir against herpes simplex virus type 1 infection in vitro and in vivo.traditional herbal medicines have been safely used for the treatment of various human diseases since ancient china. we selected 10 herbal extracts with therapeutic antiherpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) activity. among these, geum japonicum thunb., rhus javanica l., syzygium aromaticum (l.) merr. et perry, or terminalia chebula retzus showed a stronger anti-hsv-1 activity in combination with acyclovir than the other herbal extracts in vitro. when acyclovir and/or a herbal extract were orally ad ...19957486956
local expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-2 correlates with protection against corneal scarring after ocular challenge of vaccinated mice with herpes simplex virus type 1.to correlate specific local immune responses with protection from corneal scarring, we examined immune cell infiltrates in the cornea after ocular challenge of vaccinated mice with herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1). this is the first report to examine corneal infiltrates following ocular challenge of a vaccinated mouse rather than following infection of a naive mouse. mice were vaccinated systemically with vaccines that following ocular challenge with hsv-1 resulted in (i) complete protection ...19957983727
evaluation of colocalization interactions between the ie110, ie175, and ie63 transactivator proteins of herpes simplex virus within subcellular punctate structures.a number of previous studies have implied that three herpes simplex virus-encoded nuclear transactivator proteins, ie175 (icp4), ie110 (icp0), and ie63 (icp27), may cooperate in transcriptional and posttranscriptional stimulation of viral gene expression. using double-label immunofluorescence assays (ifa) in transient expression assays, we have examined the intracellular localization of these three proteins in dna-transfected cells. the ie110 protein on its own forms spherical punctate domains w ...19957983744
synthesis, properties, and pharmacokinetic studies of n2-phenylguanine derivatives as inhibitors of herpes simplex virus thymidine kinases.two series of selective inhibitors of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (hsv1,2) thymidine kinases (tk) have been developed as potential treatment of recurrent virus infections. among compounds related to the potent base analog n2-[m-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]guanine (mcf3-pg), none was a more potent inhibitor than mcf3pg itself. compounds related to the nucleoside n2-phenyl-2'-deoxyguanosine (phdg), but with alkyl, hydroxyalkyl, and related substituents at the 9-position in place of the glycosyl ...19957837239
an hsv-1 vector expressing tyrosine hydroxylase causes production and release of l-dopa from cultured rat striatal cells.in this report we demonstrate that a defective herpes simplex virus type one (hsv-1) vector can express enzymatically active tyrosine hydroxylase in cultured striatal cells that are thereby converted into l-dopa-producing cells. a human tyrosine hydroxylase cdna (form ii) was inserted into an hsv-1 vector (phsvth) and packaged into virus particles using an hsv-1 strain 17 mutant in the immediate early 3 gene (either ts k or d30eba) as helper virus. cultured fibroblasts were infected with phsvth ...19957830040
adhesion molecule expression and lymphocyte adhesion to cerebral endothelium: effects of measles virus and herpes simplex 1 virus.expression of endothelial cell (ec) adhesion molecules is increased in inflammatory neurological disorders and this may regulate lymphocyte homing to the central nervous system (cns). viral encephalitis is characterised by lymphocytic infiltration of the cns and one mechanism of this response may be ec adhesion molecule induction with consequent inflammatory cell/ec binding. this report characterises the effects of herpes simplex 1 (hsv1) or measles virus (mv) infection of balb/c brain microvasc ...19957822475
chronic encephalitis and epilepsy (rasmussen's encephalitis): detection of cytomegalovirus and herpes simplex virus 1 by the polymerase chain reaction and in situ hybridization.we made a pathologic diagnosis of chronic encephalitis on surgical resections or autopsy material in 10 patients with intractable seizures and studied the specimens by immunohistochemistry for herpes simplex virus (hsv) 1 and 2 and cytomegalovirus (cmv) as well as by the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for viral dna sequences (hsv1, hsv2, and cmv). we also assessed eight patients (nonepileptic) with pathologically documented or clinically suspected encephalitis and five resections from epileptic ...19957824098
varicella: pediatric genital/rectal vesicular lesions of unclear origin.three children who presented with localized vesicular rash in the diaper area were found to have primary varicella-zoster infections. primary varicella can closely mimic genital herpes simplex virus (hsv 1 or 2), which may be an indicator of sexual abuse. to avoid unfounded investigation for sexual abuse, primary varicella-zoster infection must be included in the differential diagnosis. direct fluorescent antibody testing is a sensitive and specific diagnostic test that can be used to distinguis ...19957802360
effect of protein kinase c inhibitors on the antiviral activity of human alpha interferon in herpes simplex virus-infected human neuroblastoma cells.pretreatment of human neuroblastoma cells with an inhibitor of protein kinase c (pkc), staurosporine or h-7, prior to the addition of human alpha interferon (huifn-alpha), recombinant huifn-alpha, or recombinant huifn-beta blocked the inhibitory effect of these ifns on the release of infectious herpes simplex virus type 1 from treated cells. in addition, staurosporine blocked the inhibitory effect of huifns on the expressions of herpes simplex type 1 glycoproteins b, c, and d in treated neurobla ...19957815513
novel (e)-5-(2-iodovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine derivatives as potential cytostatic agents against herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase gene transfected tumors.(e)-5-(2-iodovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine (ivdu), its 2'-fluoro-substituted derivatives ivfru (with fluorine in the ribo configuration), ivfau (with fluorine in the ara configuration), and the corresponding 3'-chemical delivery system (cds), or 3'-o-(1-methyl-1,4-dihydropyridyl-3-carbonyl)- substituted derivatives ivdu-cds, ivfru-cds and ivfau-cds were evaluated for their cytostatic activity against wild-type (fm3a/o), thymidine kinase (tk)-deficient (fm3a/tk-), and herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) ...19957671107
methotrexate potentiates anti-herpes simplex virus type 1 activity of e-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine.the pharmacologic of induction of low level of deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates (dntp) is a novel approach to combined inhibition of virus replication. in accordance with this concept the alteration of antiherpes activity of e-5-(2-bromovinyl-2'-deoxyuridine (bvdu) in combination with methotrexate (mtx), an inhibitor which lowers the intracellular pool of thymidine triphosphate (dttp) was studied. mtx applied alone at non-toxic concentrations had a moderate effect on herpes simplex virus type 1 ...19957676937
herpes simplex virus type 1 vector mediated gene transfer to muscle.herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) has a broad host range although in natural human infections the virus is neurotropic, establishing latent infections in sensory neurons where the viral dna persists as an intact episome. the establishment of latency does not depend on viral replication functions, suggesting that infection of non-neuronal cells, including tissue of myogenic origin, by replication defective mutants may result in genome persistence in a similar episomal state. in this report a re ...19957584113
recombinants are isolated at high frequency following in vivo mixed ocular infection with two avirulent herpes simplex virus type 1 strains.mixed infections with different strains of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) may result in more severe disease than infection with either strain alone. this phenomenon is important because it may facilitate the identification of virulence genes through the transfer of virulence determinants between complementing strains, and it may pose a problem in the use of attenuated hsv strains for vaccines and gene delivery vectors. in this study, we have compared the percentage of recombinants present a ...19957710352
a bk virus episomal vector for constitutive high expression of exogenous cdnas in human cells.a bk virus (bkv) episomal vector (prpneocmv) was constructed for expression of cdnas under control of the cytomegalovirus (cmv) immediate-early promoter. transfection of prpneocmv for expression of the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat) gene in several human cell lines showed that the cmv promoter is more efficient than the hiv-1 and rsv ltrs in directing gene expression from episomal vectors. in 293 human cells prpneocmv/cat is twenty times more active in cat expression than the well known ...19957710358
involvement of lfa-1 and icam-1 in the herpetic disease resulting from hsv-1 corneal infection.herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) corneal infection in immunologically normal mice results in a transient epithelial lesion followed in about 2 weeks by a potentially blinding inflammatory response in the corneal stroma, and a mild blepharitis. similarly infected t cell-deficient mice do not develop corneal stromal inflammation, but exhibit severe periocular skin disease and succumb to viral encephalitis. the role of certain adhesion molecules in both t cell activation, and in the extravasatio ...19957720405
site-directed mutagenesis of herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase opposes the importance of amino acid positions 251, 321 and 348 for selective recognition of substrate analogs.seven site-directed mutants representing step-by-step transitions from the thymidine kinase (tk) of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv 1) strain f to that one of strain sc16 were constructed, recombinantly produced and kinetically characterized in order to identify which of three differences in the amino acid sequence of these two tks is/are responsible for their difference in substrate specificity. the preference of these two tks for the substrate analogs aciclovir and ganciclovir was reported to ...19957733991
sendai virus and herpes virus type 1 induce apoptosis in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells.recent reports suggest that several viruses, besides human immunodeficiency virus, induce apoptosis in infected cells. we report here that sendai virus or herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1), two potent inducers of interferon-alpha, caused cell death in a consistent number of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. a careful analysis of infected cells by different techniques, such as optical and electron microscopy, dna agarose gel electrophoresis, and cytofluorimetric analysis of dna content, ...19957737380
the regulation of synthesis and properties of the protein product of open reading frame p of the herpes simplex virus 1 genome.open reading frame p (orf p) maps in the inverted repeat sequence ab and b'a' flanking the long unique (ul) sequence of the herpes simplex virus 1 genome, within the sequence reported to be transcribed during latent infection of sensory neurons. both the protein and the rna were previously reported to be expressed only in cells infected with a deletion mutant or with a mutant carrying a ts lesion in the alpha 4 gene encoding the infected cell protein no. 4 (icp4), a major regulatory protein of t ...19957745709
varicella-zoster virus gene 63: transcript mapping and regulatory activity.the varicella-zoster virus (vzv) putative immediate-early (ie) protein encoded by orf63 is the homolog of hsv-1 icp-22. to further characterize orf63 and its function, northern analysis, primer extension, and s1 nuclease assays were used to map its transcripts, and transient transfection assays were performed with constructs containing orf63 or its promoter region. two transcripts were identified: a 0.9-kb transcript spans orf63 alone, and a 1.8-kb transcript reads through orf64. two prominent t ...19957747473
pseudorabies virus epo is functionally homologous to varicella-zoster virus orf61 protein and herpes simplex virus type 1 icpo.pseudorabies virus (prv) early protein o (epo) is the homolog of varicella-zoster virus (vzv) open reading frame 61 (orf61) protein and herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) icpo. a prv epo deletion mutant grows poorly in cell culture, suggesting that epo plays a critical role in the viral replicative cycle. in this study, we have shown that the growth defect of an epo deletion mutant was complemented in vero cells expressing vzv orf61 protein or hsv-1 icpo. in transient expression assays prv epo, ...19957747481
herpes simplex virus glycoprotein k is known to influence fusion of infected cells, yet is not on the cell surface.syncytial mutants of herpes simplex virus (hsv) cause extensive fusion of cultured cells, whereas wild-type hsv primarily causes cell rounding and aggregation. a large fraction of syncytial viruses contain mutations in the ul53 gene, which encodes glycoprotein k (gk). previously, we demonstrated that wild-type and syncytial forms of gk are expressed at similar levels and possess identical electrophoretic mobilities. using immunofluorescence, we show that gk is not transported to the surfaces of ...19957769723
protection against herpes simplex virus-induced eye disease after vaccination with seven individually expressed herpes simplex virus 1 glycoproteins.to compare the efficacy of each of seven expressed herpes simplex virus 1 (hsv-1) glycoproteins as vaccines to protect against ocular disease after primary ocular hsv-1 infection.19957775113
quiescent viral genomes in human fibroblasts after infection with herpes simplex virus type 1 vmw65 mutants.the development and utilization of a tissue culture system for the analysis of quiescent, nonreplicating herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) genomes is described. it was demonstrated previously that the hsv-1 vmw65 mutant in1814, which is impaired for immediate early (ie) transcription, was retained for many days in human fetal lung (hfl) fibroblasts in a quiescent 'latent' state. molecular analysis of the viral genome was not possible, however, due to residual expression of ie proteins and cons ...19957782770
expression of beta-galactosidase in neurons of dorsal root ganglia which are latently infected with herpes simplex virus type 1.explanation into culture of dorsal root ganglia (drg) latently infected with herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) causes reactivation of the virus. previous studies have suggested that either latency-associated transcripts (lats) were removed as an early consequence of reactivation or, alternatively, there was a population of latently infected cells which did not contain lats. we have now attempted to detect this population of neurons by inserting a reporter gene (escherichia coli lacz gene), und ...19957782783
polyamines alter sequence-specific dna-protein interactions.the polyamines are abundant biogenic cations implicated in many biological processes. despite a plethora of evidence on polyamine-induced dna conformational changes, no thorough study of their effects on the activities of sequence-specific dna binding proteins has been performed. we describe the in vitro effects of polyamines on the activities of purified, representative dna-binding proteins, and on complex protein mixtures. polyamines at physiological concentrations enhance the binding of sever ...19957784186
inhibition of pseudorabies virus replication by a chimeric trans-gene product repressing transcription of the immediate-early gene.a chimeric gene encoding a fusion protein consisting of the dna-binding domain of the immediate-early (ie) protein of pseudorabies virus (prv) and a tail-truncated vmw65 of herpes simplex virus 1, lacking the transcription activation domain, was constructed. the chimeric gene product inhibited transcription from the prv ie promoter in a transient expression assay. a hela cell line stably transformed with the chimeric gene showed remarkable resistance to prv infection. in the transformed cells in ...19957793065
antiherpetic activities of n-alpha-acetyl-nona-d-arginine amide acetate.n-alpha-acetyl-nona-d-arginine amide acetate (alx40-4c) was developed as a competitive inhibitor of the binding of the hiv tat protein to its rna target tar, which is an intracellular interaction dependent on a short, arginine-rich sequence in tat. alx40-4c is a simple mimic of that domain, which is stabilised against enzymatic degradation through inclusion of d-amino acids and terminal protection. the drug inhibits hiv-1 in vitro and is currently being assessed in vivo. in the work reported her ...19957796707
identification of nuclear and nucleolar localization signals in the herpes simplex virus regulatory protein icp27.previous work has shown that the herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) regulatory protein icp27 localizes to the cell nucleus and that certain mutant icp27 polypeptides localize preferentially in nucleoli. to map the signals in icp27 which mediate its nuclear localization, we identified the portions of icp27 which can direct a cytoplasmic protein, pyruvate kinase (pk), to nuclei. our results demonstrate that icp27 contains multiple nuclear localization signals (nlss) that function with differing e ...19957529337
two overlapping transcription units which extend across the l-s junction of herpes simplex virus type 1.a region of the herpes simplex virus type 1 genome located upstream of the alpha 0 promoter contains a promoter which regulates transcription in the opposite orientation to that driven by alpha 0. analyses of mutants from which this promoter, alpha x, was deleted and a mutant in which a fragment that serves as a transcription terminator and polyadenylation signal was inserted upstream of this promoter demonstrate that two distinct transcription units overlap this region of the genome and are tra ...19957707513
herpes simplex virus type 1 dna replication is specifically required for high-frequency homologous recombination between repeated sequences.using an assay for recombination that measures deletion of a beta-galactosidase gene positioned between two directly repeated 350-bp sequences in plasmids transiently maintained in cos cells, we have found that replication from a simian virus 40 origin produces a high frequency of nonhomologous recombination. in contrast, plasmids replicating from a herpesvirus origin (oris) in cos cells superinfected with herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) show high levels of homologous recombination between t ...19957707536
structure and role of the terminal repeats of epstein-barr virus in processing and packaging of virion dna.the linear virion epstein-barr virus (ebv) dna is terminated at both ends by a variable number of direct, tandemly arranged terminal repeats (trs) which are approximately 500 bp in size the number of trs at each terminus can vary. after infection of host cells, the ebv dna circularizes via the trs by an unknown mechanism, and replication of the viral dna during the lytic phase of the ebv life cycle leads to large dna concatemers which need to be cleaved into virion dna units, eventually. this cl ...19957707542
varicella-zoster virus gene 63 encodes an immediate-early protein that is abundantly expressed during latency.varicella-zoster virus (vzv) gene 63 encodes a protein with a predicted molecular mass of 30.5 kda which has amino acid similarities with the immediate-early (ie) protein 22 (icp-22) of herpes simplex virus type 1. in order to study the expression of this protein during lytic and latent infection, gene 63 was cloned in frame and downstream from the glutathione-s-transferase gene, expressed as a fusion protein, and purified. in vzv-infected vero cells, antibodies directed against this protein det ...19957707559
liposome-encapsulated (s)-1-(3-hydroxy-2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl)cytosine for long-acting therapy of viral retinitis.the effect of liposome-encapsulated (s)-1-(3-hydroxy-2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl)cytosine (hpmpc; cidofovir) was evaluated as prophylaxis in a rabbit model of experimentally induced retinitis caused by preretinal inoculation of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1). cidofovir (100 micrograms) in liposomes (0.1 ml) was injected intravitreally 10-120 days before retinal inoculation with hsv-1. twenty-two of 26 eyes pretreated with liposome-encapsulated cidofovir 10-60 days before hsv-1 inoculation wer ...19968537656
herpes simplex virus protein targets for cd4 and cd8 lymphocyte cytotoxicity in cultured epidermal keratinocytes treated with interferon-gamma.in early recurrent herpetic lesions, cd4 t lymphocytes are the predominant infiltrating cells, and keratinocytes expressing major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class ii antigens, induced by interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma), are the major site of herpes simplex virus (hsv) replication. ifn-gamma pretreatment of human keratinocytes in vitro reduced mhc class i antigen down-regulation by hsv-1 infection and induced expression of hla-dr that was unaltered by subsequent hsv-1 infection. incubation of ...19968537685
post-transcriptional transactivation of human retroviral envelope glycoprotein expression by herpes simplex virus us11 protein.herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) us11 protein, a true late gene product packaged within the virion, is delivered into cells after infection, exhibits a nucleocytoplasmic localization at early times, and later accumulates in the nucleoli. this rna-binding basic phosphoprotein, capable of oligomerization, is supposed to be involved in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression after hsv-1 infection. expression of human t-cell leukaemia/lymphoma virus type-i (htlv-i) and of human immunod ...19968538795
inflammatory infiltration of the trigeminal ganglion after herpes simplex virus type 1 corneal infection.following herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) infection of the cornea, the virus is transmitted to the trigeminal ganglion, where a brief period of virus replication is followed by establishment of a latent infection in neurons. a possible role of the immune system in regulating virus replication and maintaining latency in the sensory neurons has been suggested. we have investigated the phenotype and cytokine pattern of cells that infiltrate the a/j mouse trigeminal ganglion at various times aft ...19968523535
isolation and characterization of herpes simplex virus type 1 mutants defective in the ul6 gene.previous studies have shown that the protein encoded by herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) gene ul6 is required for processing and packaging of replicated viral dna and is a minor component of virions and capsids. in this report, we describe the construction of ul6- hsv-1 mutants with a disrupted ul6 gene using complementing cells and show that they fail to synthesize the ul6 protein or produce infectious virus in noncomplementing cells. the mutants synthesized but failed to process and encapsi ...19968599195
the effect of uv-b irradiation on secondary epidermal infection of mice with herpes simplex virus type 1.previous studies have indicated that suberythemal ultraviolet b (uv-b) irradiation of c3h mice before primary infection with herpes simplex virus (hsv) type 1 does not result in increased morbidity or mortality, but a suppressed delayed type hypersensitivity (dh) to the virus can be demonstrated. any effect of uv radiation on pathogenesis during secondary epidermal hsv infection has not been previously examined. mice were immunized by subcutaneous injection of inactivated hsv and, 5 days later, ...19968601786
immune cell infiltration in corneas of mice with recurrent herpes simplex virus disease.reactivation of latent herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) infection was induced by uv irradiation of the corneas of latently infected mice. on days 1-4 after stimulation, infectious virus was sought in nervous and ocular tissue. on days 4, 7 and 10, eyes with either recurrent epithelial or stromal disease and appropriate controls were stained to identify immune cells and hsv-1 antigens. the maximum incidence of infectious virus was on day 2 when 5/10 ophthalmic parts of the trigeminal ganglion ...19968609495
the novel protein kinase of the rr1 subunit of herpes simplex virus has autophosphorylation and transphosphorylation activity that differs in its atp requirements for hsv-1 and hsv-2.the large subunit of herpes simplex virus (hsv) ribonucleotide reductase (rr1) designated icp6 and icp10 for hsv-1 and hsv-2, respectively, has a novel protein kinase (pk) enzymatic activity. icp10 is localized on the cell surface, a localization that depends on an intact transmembrane (tm) segment. we used immunocomplex pk assays to examine the pk activity of icp10 in stably transfected eukaryotic cells. activity was distinct from that of casein kinase ii (ckii) in that it did not require monov ...19968614985
regulation of neighboring gene expression by the herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase gene.the herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase (tk) gene (ul23) lies upstream of the gh (ul22) gene with its 3' end overlapping the gh promoter, and it overlaps the ul24 gene's regulatory and coding sequences at its 5' end in a head-to-head orientation. thus, tk expression could affect gh expression by promoter occlusion and ul24 expression by transcriptional or posttranscriptional mechanisms. to investigate these possibilities, we analyzed the effects of tk promoter mutations that reduce tk e ...19968615022
characterization of nuclear structures in cells infected with herpes simplex virus type 1 in the absence of viral dna replication.herpes simplex virus type 1 dna replication occurs in nuclear domains termed replication compartments, which are areas of viral single-stranded dna-binding protein (ul29) localization (m.p. quinlan, l. b. chen, and d. m. knipe, cell 36:857-868). in the presence of herpesvirus-specific polymerase inhibitors, ul29 localizes to punctate nuclear foci called prereplicative sites. using versions of the helicase-primase complex proteins containing short peptide epitopes which can be detected in an immu ...19968627697
high-dose ocular infection with a herpes simplex virus type 1 icp34.5 deletion mutant produces no corneal disease or neurovirulence yet results in wild-type levels of spontaneous reactivation.we report here that in the rabbit ocular model of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) latency, spontaneous reactivation of the hsv-1 icp34.5 deletion mutant d34.5 increased significantly in response to increasing infectious doses. at the highest infectious dose of d34.5, the spontaneous reactivation rate was indistinguishable from that of wild-type virus (average spontaneous reactivation rates for d34.5, 0.3 to 1.4% at 2 x 10(5) pfu per eye, 3.4% at 2 x 10(6) pfu per eye, and 6.3 to 11.5% at 1 x ...19968627763
structure-activity relationships among 2-substituted 5,6-dichloro-, 4,6-dichloro-, and 4,5-dichloro-1-[(2-hydroxyethoxy) methyl]- and -1-[(1,3-dihydroxy-2-propoxy) methyl]benzimidazoles.the sodium salt of 2,5,6-trichlorobenzimidazole (8a) was condensed with [2-(benzyloxy)ethoxy]-methyl chloride (9) and [1,3-bis(benzyloxy)-2-propoxy]methyl chloride (18) to provide the corresponding protected acyclic nucleosides 10a and 19a, which on debenzylation afforded 2,5,6-trichloro-1-[(2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl]benzimidazole (11a) and 2,5,6-trichloro-1-[(1,3-dihydroxy-2-propoxy)methyl] benzimidazole (20a), respectively. a similar condensation of 2,4,6-trichlorobenzimidazole (2a) and 2,4,5-tri ...19968632412
acute myeloblastic leukaemia presenting with herpes simplex type-1 viraemia and pneumonia.we report a patient with acute myeloblastic leukaemia who presented with a pneumonia and herpes simplex viraemia associated with primary herpes simplex virus-1 infection. the importance of detecting and treating viral infections in haematology patients is discussed.19968639437
comparison of the effects of three different toxin genes and their levels of expression on cell growth and bystander effect in lung adenocarcinoma.transduction of malignant cells with toxin genes provides a novel means to promote tumor cell destruction. the efficacy of a toxin gene is dependent on the cell type targeted, the quantity of exogenous protein synthesized, and the mechanisms of growth inhibition and bystander killing. to develop gene therapy for targeting metastatic lung adenocarcinoma, the toxic activity of herpes simplex virus type 1-thymidine kinase, escherichia coli cytosine deaminase, and human deoxycytidine kinase were inv ...19968640820
structure-function analysis of soluble forms of herpes simplex virus glycoprotein d.glycoprotein d (gd) of herpes simplex virus (hsv) is essential for virus entry. truncated forms of gd lacking the transmembrane and cytoplasmic tail regions have been shown to bind to cells and block plaque formation. using complementation analysis and a panel of gd mutants, we previously identified four regions of gd (regions i to iv) which are important for virus entry. here, we used baculovirus vectors to overexpress truncated forms of wild-type gd from hsv type 1 (hsv-1) [gd-1(306t)] and hsv ...19968648717
oral inoculation with herpes simplex virus type 1 infects enteric neuron and mucosal nerve fibers within the gastrointestinal tract in mice.herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) is commonly encountered first during childhood as an oral infection. after this initial infection resolves, the virus remains in a latent form within innervating sensory ganglia for the life of the host. we have previously shown, using a murine model, that hsv-1 placed within the lumen of the esophagus gains access to nerves within the gut wall and establishes a latent infection in sensory ganglia (nodose ganglia) of the tenth cranial nerve (r. m. gesser, t. v ...19968648749
antisense strategies and therapeutic applications.the concepts underlying the antisense approach to disease therapy are discussed, and potential applications are examined. antisense therapeutic agents bind to dna or rna sequences, blocking the synthesis of cellular proteins with unparalleled specificity. transcription and translation are the two processes with which the agents interfere. there are three major classes of antisense agents: antisense sequences, commonly called antisense oligonucleotides; antigene sequences; and ribozymes. antisens ...19968653480
inheritance of abnormal expression of sos-like response in xeroderma pigmentosum and hereditary cancer-prone syndromes.the time course of induction of sos-like stress responses such as enhanced reactivation (er) and enhanced mutagenesis (em) has been investigated in uv-c-irradiated skin fibroblasts from a xeroderma pigmentosum (xp) family, using herpes simplex virus type 1 as a probe. similar er studies were performed in a li-fraumeni syndrome (lfs) family and in a family with a high incidence of breast, ovarian, and colon cancer. in two xp (complementation group b) patients, with a striking absence of skin tumo ...19968653707
herpes simplex virus type 1-mediated up-regulation of il-12 (p40) mrna expression. implications in immunopathogenesis and protection.in this report we investigated whether induction of il-12 occurs in response to herpes simplex virus (hsv) infection of the mouse eye, which may serve to regulate the nature of the subsequent immune response. the data show early induction and continued maintenance of il-12 (p40) mrna in the cornea and draining lymph node upon ocular infection with hsv. using a very sensitive radioimmunoassay technique, il-12 (p40) protein also was detected in the cornea upon ocular hsv infection. unfractionated ...19968557986
rolling circle dna replication by extracts of herpes simplex virus type 1-infected human cells.whole-cell extracts of herpes simplex virus type 1-infected human cells (293 cells) can promote the rolling circle replication of circular duplex dna molecules. the products of the reaction are longer than monomer unit length and are the result of semiconservative dna replication by the following criteria: (i) resistance to dpni and susceptibility to mboi restriction enzymes, (ii) shift in density on a cscl gradient of the products synthesized in the presence of bromo-dutp to a position on the g ...19968551573
resistance of herpes simplex virus type 1 to peptidomimetic ribonucleotide reductase inhibitors: selection and characterization of mutant isolates.herpes simplex virus (hsv) encodes its own ribonucleotide reductase (rr), which provides the high levels of deoxynucleoside triphosphates required for viral dna replication in infected cells. hsv rr is composed of two distinct subunits, r1 and r2, whose association is required for enzymatic activity. peptidomimetic inhibitors that mimic the c-terminal amino acids of r2 inhibit hsv rr by preventing the association of r1 and r2. these compounds are candidate antiviral therapeutic agents. here we d ...19968551616
antigenic differences between hsv-1 and hsv-2 glycoproteins and their importance for type-specific serology.the ability to discriminate between herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (hsv-1 and hsv-2) infections by serological means is of increasing importance for clinical virological diagnostics. hsv type-specific serology has a number of applications, e.g. to guide duration and dosage of antiviral therapy, to allow for stringent epidemiological analyses, to evaluate efficacy of hsv vaccine candidates, and to help the clinician during counseling of couples where one has genital herpes. the genomes of the ...19969058170
expression, purification, and characterization of the herpes simplex virus type-1 dna polymerase. 19969026637
nonisotopic assays of viral polymerases and related proteins. 19969026643
detection of human viruses in periodontal pockets using polymerase chain reaction.even though viruses have been implicated in the etiology of several medical and dental disorders, little or no data are available on the possible involvement of human viruses in the pathogenesis of human periodontal disease. this study investigated the presence of human cytomegalovirus, epstein-barr virus, herpes simplex virus, human papillomavirus and human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) in crevicular fluid samples from 30 patients with advanced periodontitis and 26 subjects with gingivitis. vira ...19969028252
simultaneous pcr detection of haemophilus ducreyi, treponema pallidum, and herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 from genital ulcers.a multiplex pcr (m-pcr) assay with colorimetric detection was devised for the simultaneous amplification of dna targets from haemophilus ducreyi, treponema pallidum, and herpes simplex virus (hsv) types 1 and 2. by using target-specific oligonucleotides in a microwell format, 298 genital ulcer swab specimens collected in new orleans during three intervals from 1992 through 1994 were evaluated. the results of the m-pcr assay were compared with the results of dark-field microscopy and h. ducreyi c ...19968748271
the product of a 1.9-kb mrna which overlaps the hsv-1 alkaline nuclease gene (ul12) cannot relieve the growth defects of a null mutant.alkaline nuclease, a relatively abundant viral phosphoprotein in herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1)- or hsv-2-infected cells, is encoded by a 2.3-kb mrna (r. h. costa, k. g. draper, l. banks, k. l. powell, g. cohen, r. eisenberg, and e. k. wagner, 1983. j. virol. 48, 591-603). this mrna is a member of a family of five unspliced 3'-coterminal messages. costa et al. proposed that another member of this family of mrnas (1.9-kb) may encode an n-terminally truncated protein which shares its carboxy- ...19968560762
comparative analysis of hsv-1 temperature mutants proteins and their reactivity.protein's characteristic of temperature sensitive (ts 28 degrees c) and temperature resistant (tr 39 degrees c) mutants and native hsv-1 strain was performed. electrophoretic and western-blott analysis of virus proteins and their reactivity tested by immunoenzymatic staining was the main subject of the presented paper. there were found no significant differences in the protein structure between native strain and its temperature clones in electrophoresis. it is important that slight differences o ...19968997692
the dutpases from herpes simplex virus type 1 and mouse mammary tumour virus are less specific than the escherichia coli enzyme.the enzyme dutpase catalyses the hydrolysis of dutp to dump and pyrophosphate, thereby suppressing incorporation of uracil into dna and providing a pool of dump, the precursor of dttp. hydrolysis of other nucleotides similar in structure to dutp would conceivably be physiologically detrimental and high specificity of the reaction seems to be necessary. in this work, we characterize the substrate specificity of the dutpases from herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) and mouse mammary tumour virus ( ...19969000104
quantitative analysis of polymerase chain reaction products by dot blot.quantitative analysis of polymerase chain reaction (pcr) products is usually accomplished by gel electrophoresis and southern blotting. we have developed an alternative technique that allows pcr products to be directly quantitated from unfractionated samples. the pcr was used to amplify genomic (endogenous) dna sequences (actin) and exogenous dna (herpes simplex virus-1 (hsv-1) ribonucleotide reductase) isolated from the trigeminal ganglia of rabbits to demonstrate the dot blot method of pcr pro ...19968850545
genital herpes simplex virus infection in females in ibadan nigeria.in a study of female patients attending the sexually transmitted diseases clinic of the university college hospital ibadan, nigeria, herpes simplex virus was isolated from the cervix of 5 of 117 patients, a prevalence rate of 4.3%. two (1.7%) of these patients had hsv in the vagina. the viruses were identified by culture in hep-2 cell line, chloroform sensitivity test, complement fixation test and indirect immuno-fluorescent antibody technique. only one (20%) of the five patients has hsv-1 in th ...19968855674
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