Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| [epidemiological characteristics of pneumocystosis in the ukraine]. | pneumocysts have been detected in the sputum in patients with nonspecific lung diseases (56 +/- 2%), including those with acute (43 +/- 4%) and chronic (63 +/- 3%) pneumocystosis, in those with a severe course (70.8 +/- 8%); in those with a satisfactory condition (48 +/- 3%); in those with occupational hazards (78 +/- 7%) in smokers (56 +/- 7%); in those without occupational hazards (39 +/- 3%); in those with an inflammation in the upper lobe of the lung in the presence of pneumonia (84 +/- 7%), ... | 2004 | 15042742 |
| invasive pulmonary aspergillosis: a study of 39 cases at autopsy. | aspergillus is a common cause of invasive mycosis, especially in immunocompromised or immunosuppressed individuals. | 2004 | 15047994 |
| transthoracic lung aspiration in etiology of pneumonia. | transthoracic lung aspiration was performed in 30 episodes of pneumonia in 27 children with malignancy on chemotherapy to assess etiology of pulmonary infections. total of 22 organisms were isolated in 16/30 (53.3%) episodes. no acid fast bacilli or pneumocystis carinii were seen. organisms grown by blood culture correlated with that of lung puncture in 5 episodes, while throat culture and nasopharyngeal organisms correlated with that of lung puncture on one occasion each. organisms isolated in ... | 2004 | 15053375 |
| hiv infection/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome at siriraj hospital, 2002: time for secondary prevention. | the authors retrospectively reviewed the medical records of hiv/aids patients who were admitted to the medical service, siriraj hospital from january 1, 2002 through december 31, 2002. demographics, cd4 lymphocyte counts, discharge diagnoses, the incidence of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp), cerebral toxoplasmosis and cryptococcosis in patients who received and did not receive appropriate chemoprophylaxis against those opportunistic infections when indicated, and outcome of the patients wer ... | 2004 | 15061301 |
| comparative genomics of pneumocystis carinii with other protists: implications for life style. | three protistan genomes were analyzed for differential genetic traits that may be associated with biological adaptations to their unique life styles. the microsporidian, encephalitozoon cuniculi, an obligate intracellular parasite; the ascomycetes, pneumocystis carinii, considered an opportunistic pathogen; and saccharomyces cerevisiae, a model organism exhibiting a free-living life style, were used in comparisons of genomic architecture, reproductive strategies, and metabolic capacity predicted ... | 2004 | 15068263 |
| essential eukaryotic core. | the aids-related fungal pathogen pneumocystis carinii is unusual in having a remarkably compact genome of 7.7 megabase pairs (mbp) whose small size presents the opportunity to identify the essential eukaryotic core of genes. the essential eukaryotic core is defined to be a collection of essential genes shared by all eukaryotes. sequencing the 3' ends of more than 5500 cdnas from p. carinii allowed us to identify about 200 genes shared with its nearest known but distant relative, schizosaccharomy ... | 2004 | 15068361 |
| imaging features of bacterial respiratory infections in aids. | although an emphasis has historically been placed on nonbacterial, opportunistic respiratory infections in hiv-infected individuals, it is increasingly important for clinicians to be familiar with the spectrum of bacterial respiratory infections that may occur in this population. | 2004 | 15071369 |
| delayed clearance of pneumocystis carinii infection, increased inflammation, and altered nitric oxide metabolism in lungs of surfactant protein-d knockout mice. | surfactant protein-d (sp-d), a member of the "collectin" family, has been shown to play a role in innate immunity through modulation of inflammation and clearance of organisms. the role of sp-d in host defense against pneumocystis carinii pneumonia was assessed using sp-d knockout (ko) mice. when inoculated with p. carinii, both wild-type (wt) and sp-d ko mice required cd4 cell depletion to develop infection. in cd4 cell-depleted models, 2 weeks after infection with p. carinii, sp-d ko mice deve ... | 2004 | 15073692 |
| quantitative real-time polymerase chain-reaction assay allows characterization of pneumocystis infection in immunocompetent mice. | pneumocystis causes pneumonia in immunodeficient hosts but also likely causes infection in healthy hosts. to characterize infection in healthy mice, we developed and validated a real-time polymerase chain reaction assay for quantitation of pneumocystis carinii f. sp. muris. in healthy mice exposed to pneumocystis-infected animals, organisms were first detected at 2-3 weeks, peaked at 5-6 weeks, and were cleared by 7-9 weeks. the peak organism load in healthy animals was 2-3 logs lower than that ... | 2004 | 15073693 |
| phase ii study of neoadjuvant 1, 3-bis (2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea and temozolomide for newly diagnosed anaplastic glioma: a north american brain tumor consortium trial. | temozolomide (tmz) and 1, 3-bis (2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (bcnu) are reported to be active agents in anaplastic glioma (ag). tmz has also been shown to deplete alkyltransferase, a dna repair enzyme that contributes to nitrosourea resistance. the objective of the current study was to determine the efficacy and toxicity profile of a combination of these agents before radiotherapy in newly diagnosed ag. | 2004 | 15073861 |
| prevalence and clinical predictors of pneumocystis colonization among hiv-infected men. | the epidemiology and transmission of pneumocystis are poorly understood. the incidence of colonization, or detection of organisms without signs of disease, has been debated, and risk factors for colonization are largely unknown. | 2004 | 15075515 |
| antimicrobial dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors--achievements and future options: review. | despite all progress made in the fight against infections caused by bacteria, fungi, protozoa or viruses, there is a need for more and new active agents. intensive efforts are currently directed against many new and attractive targets, and are hoped to result in new useful agents. the opportunities offered by some known and validated targets are, however, by far not exhausted. dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr, ec 1.5.1.3) attracted much attention over several decades, which yielded several useful a ... | 2004 | 15077993 |
| detection of pneumocystis carinii by dna amplification in patients with connective tissue diseases: re-evaluation of clinical features of p. carinii pneumonia in rheumatic diseases. | we evaluated the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) detection of pneumocystis carinii dna in induced sputum of patients with connective tissue diseases and assessed the clinical features of patients positive for p. carinii. | 2004 | 14762223 |
| use of dapsone in the treatment of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in a foal. | a 6-month-old male quarter horse was evaluated for chronic respiratory tract disease. diagnostic investigations revealed pulmonary inflammation; pneumocystis carinii was detected within macrophages. lymphocyte subpopulation phenotyping and immunoglobulin concentration analysis were performed and results suggested immune suppression. trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole administration was initiated; the colt was discharged but was reexamined 8 days later because of profuse diarrhea and endotoxemia. bact ... | 2004 | 14765801 |
| expression and complexity of the prt1 multigene family of pneumocystis carinii. | pneumocystis carinii has a multigene family, prt1, that encodes proteins with homology to kex2-like proteases. prt1 genes cluster with msg genes near the telomeres and, like msg, prt1 proteins seem to be surface-expressed. the clustering of prt1 and msg genes suggested that expression of the two multigene families might be coordinated. studying gene expression in p. carinii has been hampered by the lack of a culture system, and by lack of clonality in p. carinii populations in naturally infected ... | 2004 | 14766907 |
| us hospital care for patients with hiv infection and pneumonia: the role of public, private, and veterans affairs hospitals in the early highly active antiretroviral therapy era. | we evaluated differences in processes and outcomes of hiv-related pneumonia care among patients in veterans affairs (va), public, and for-profit and not-for-profit private hospitals in the united states. we compared the results of our current study (1995 to 1997) with those of our previous study that included a sample of patients receiving care during the years 1987 to 1990 to determine how hiv-related pneumonia care had evolved over the last decade. | 2004 | 14769737 |
| simultaneous determination of sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim in human plasma by capillary zone electrophoresis. | a capillary electrophoretic method for the simultaneous determination of sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim in plasma was developed. sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim extracted from human plasma with ethyl acetate were analyzed at 20 kv and 25 degrees c using 15 mm phosphate buffer (ph 6.2) as the electrolyte. the detection was by uv at 220 nm. the run time was 8.0 min and the limit of quantification was 10.00 microg/ml for sulfamethoxazole and 2.00 microg/ml for trimethoprim. the recovery was >9 ... | 2004 | 14872549 |
| cellular immune reconstitution after subcutaneous alemtuzumab (anti-cd52 monoclonal antibody, campath-1h) treatment as first-line therapy for b-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. | little information is available on long-term immune reconstitution after therapy with alemtuzumab in b-cll patients. we present long-term follow-up data for blood lymphocyte subsets analysed by flow cytometry in previously untreated b-cll patients who received alemtuzumab subcutaneously as first-line therapy. all lymphoid subsets were significantly (p<0.001) and profoundly reduced; the median end-of-treatment counts for cd4(+), cd8(+), cd3(-)56(+) (natural killer (nk)), cd3(+)56(+) (nk-t) and cd ... | 2004 | 14749699 |
| immunocompetent hosts as a reservoir of pneumocystis organisms: histological and rt-pcr data demonstrate active replication. | the present study was conducted to further examine recent data suggesting that pneumocystosis could be transmitted between patients and healthcare workers in the hospital environment, as has been proven with pneumocystis-infected scid mice and immunocompetent balb/c mice. using an experimental design (i.e., scid-balb/c mouse airborne transmission system), the present work found that healthy host-to-healthy host transmission of pneumocystis organisms can occur, and that 'second' healthy contacts ... | 2004 | 14712369 |
| epitope mapping of a protective monoclonal antibody against pneumocystis carinii with shared reactivity to streptococcus pneumoniae surface antigen pspa. | pneumocystis carinii is an opportunistic fungal pathogen that causes pneumonia in the immunocompromised host. a protective monoclonal antibody (mab) termed 4f11 generated against mouse-derived p. carinii was shown by indirect immunofluorescence assay (ifa) to bind surface antigens of p. carinii derived from multiple host species, including humans. we have identified multiple epitopes recognized by mab 4f11 in two recombinant mouse p. carinii antigens. the epitopes mapped have similar proline con ... | 2004 | 14977961 |
| the use of polarization microscopy in the diagnosis of pneumocystis pneumonia. | 2004 | 14987140 | |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in a 3-month-old infant receiving high-dose corticosteroid therapy for airway hemangiomas. | primary infection with pneumocystis carinii usually occurs early in life, and young infants receiving prolonged treatment with high-dose corticosteroids may be at risk for the development of symptomatic disease. prophylaxis with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole is safe and effective and should be considered for such infants, particularly those with underlying airway abnormalities. we describe a 3-month-old immunocompetent infant who developed severe p carinii pneumonia after 6 weeks of high-dose co ... | 2004 | 14959920 |
| immunosuppression in postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome affected pigs. | the present review concentrates on the clinical, pathological and immunological aspects of pigs suffering from pmws which strongly suggest that pcv2 may be, in particular conditions, a cause of secondary immunodeficiency in pigs. from a clinical point of view, the lack of antibiotic therapy response against the disease, the existence of a litter effect and the concurrence of other disease syndromes and well-known secondary pathogens, such as pneumocystis carinii, chlamydia spp. and aspergillus s ... | 2004 | 14741127 |
| hemophagocytic syndrome in renal transplant recipients: report of 17 cases and review of literature. | hemophagocytic syndrome (hps) combines febrile hepatosplenomegaly, pancytopenia, hypofibrinemia, and liver dysfunction. it is defined by bone marrow and organ infiltration by activated, nonmalignant macrophages phagocytizing blood cells. hps is often caused by an infectious or neoplastic disease and has rarely been described in renal transplant recipients. | 2004 | 14742988 |
| new approaches to targeting rna with oligonucleotides: inhibition of group i intron self-splicing. | rna is one class of relatively unexplored drug targets. since rnas play a myriad of essential roles, it is likely that new drugs can be developed that target rna. there are several factors that make targeting rna particularly attractive. first, the amount of information about the roles of rna in essential biological processes is currently being expanded. second, sequence information about targetable rna is pouring out of genome sequencing efforts at unprecedented levels. third, designing and scr ... | 2004 | 14691946 |
| pneumocystis pneumonia in humans is caused by p jiroveci not p carinii. | 2004 | 14694260 | |
| t cytotoxic-1 cd8+ t cells are effector cells against pneumocystis in mice. | host defenses are profoundly compromised in hiv-infected hosts due to progressive depletion of cd4+ t lymphocytes. a hallmark of hiv infection is pneumocystis carinii (pc) pneumonia. recently, cd8+ t cells, which are recruited to the lung in large numbers in response to pc infection, have been associated with some level of host defense as well as contributing to lung injury in balb/c mice. in this study, we show that cd8+ t cells that have a t cytotoxic-1 response to pc in balb/c mice, as determ ... | 2004 | 14707088 |
| risk factors and occurrence of rash in hiv-positive patients not receiving nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor: data from a randomized study evaluating use of protease inhibitors in nucleoside-experienced patients with very low cd4 levels (<50 cells/microl). | most of the studies evaluating rash in hiv-positive patients have focused on nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (nnrti), particularly nevirapine, and little is known about the occurrence of rash and the risk factors for its development in patients receiving regimens not based on nnrti. | 2004 | 14731162 |
| [pneumonia due to pneumocystis carinii in hiv-infected children]. | introduction of new antiretroviral agents and development of new prophylaxis schedules against opportunistic microorganisms have allowed increase in survival as well as better quality of life in hiv-infected patients. these new treatment schedules have changed the epidemiology of opportunistic infections that previous to use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (haart), formerly occurred with high frequency in hiv-infected children. specifically, pneumonia due to pneumocystis carinii formerly ... | 2004 | 15022888 |
| iron chelator daphnetin against pneumocystis carinii in vitro. | although there are several drugs and drug combinations for the treatment of pneumocystis carinii (p. carinii) pneumonia, all drugs have the toxicity as well as low efficacy. iron chelators have been proposed as a source of new drugs for combating these infections. we hypothesized that iron chelators would suppress the growth of p. carinii by deprivation of the nutritional iron required for growth. in this study, a short-term axenic culture system of p. carinii was established. daphnetin (7,8-dih ... | 2004 | 15569490 |
| [utility of bronchoalveolar lavage in immunocompromised children: diagnostic yield and complications]. | immunocompromised children are at high risk for developing pneumonia due to opportunistic pathogens. the role of bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) in the evaluation of such patients is still controversial. | 2004 | 15574271 |
| fatal pneumocystis pneumonia with good syndrome and pure red cell aplasia. | 2004 | 15578389 | |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with ulcerative colitis. | 2004 | 15580408 | |
| [diagnosis and therapy of pneumocystosis complicated after renal transplantation]. | to investigate the early diagnosis, treatment and prevention of pneumocystosis complicated after renal transplantation. | 2004 | 15587162 |
| detection of pneumocystis carinii f. sp. hominis and viruses in presumably immunocompetent infants who died in the hospital or in the community. | fresh-frozen lung and tracheal-aspirate specimens obtained from 112 infants who died in santiago, chile, during 1998-2000 were analyzed for the presence of pneumocystis dna, by use of nested dna amplification of the large subunit mitochondrial rrna, and for the presence of viruses, by use of culture and immunofluorescence. pneumocystis dna was detected in specimens from 45 (51.7%) of 87 infants who died in the community and from 5 (20%) of 25 infants who died in the hospital (p=.006). primary in ... | 2004 | 15593013 |
| three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity and structure-selectivity relationships of dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors. | three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (3d-qsar) modelling using comparative molecular similarity indices analysis (comsia) was applied to a series of 406 structurally diverse dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) inhibitors from pneumocystis carinii (pc) and rat liver (rl). x-ray crystal structures of three inhibitors bound to pcdhfr were used for defining the alignment rule. for pcdhfr, a qsar model containing 6 components was selected using leave-10%-out cross-validation (n= ... | 2004 | 15595459 |
| phenyl substitution of furamidine markedly potentiates its anti-parasitic activity against trypanosoma cruzi and leishmania amazonensis. | furamidine (db75) and related unfused aromatic diamidines have proven useful for the treatment of parasitic infections. these compounds were primarily developed to combat infections by pneumocystis carinii and african trypanosomes but they are also active against other parasites. here we have investigated the in vitro effects of db75 and its phenyl-substituted analog db569 on two kinetoplastid haemoflagellates trypanosomatidae: trypanosoma cruzi and leishmania (l) amazonensis. the phenyl-amidine ... | 2004 | 15276066 |
| infectious complications and outcomes after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in korea. | we reviewed 242 allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (hsct) recipients retrospectively over a 2-year period (january 1998-december 1999) in order to analyze the characteristics and assess the outcomes of infectious complications in patients after hsct in korea. bacteria were the major pathogens before engraftment, and viral and fungal infections predominated during the post-engraftment period. varicella zoster virus was the most common viral pathogen after engraftment. cytomegalovi ... | 2004 | 15286689 |
| [collagen diseases with opportunistic infections]. | treatment of opportunistic infections emerging in collagen diseases is very important as well as the therapy of original diseases. lung tuberculosis, pneumocystis carinii and lung fungal infections are main opportunistic infections. there is effective prophylaxis against them, though the cases for their administration should be carefully chosen because of their adverse effects. we have administrated inh and st (sulphomethoxazole and trimethoprim) more than 15 years as the prophylaxis against tub ... | 2004 | 15291252 |
| improvement of skin sclerosis after occurrence of anticentromere antibody in a patient with diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis. | a 38-year-old woman had noticed sclerodactylia and raynaud's phenomenon 10 months before consultation. she was diagnosed as having systemic sclerosis (ssc) based on the skin sclerosis of her arms, chest, and face. antinuclear antibody (ana) level was 1:1280 with a speckled pattern, but specific autoantibodies were negative. following the treatment with oral prednisolone and d-penicillamine, her skin sclerosis gradually improved. three months after initiation of prednisolone, she presented pneumo ... | 2004 | 15293097 |
| [comparison of the methenamine silver staining, direct fluorescent antibody and nested-polymerase chain reaction methods in the diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia]. | pneumocystis carinii is one of the most common causative agents of pneumonia in immunocompromised patients, but the problems in the laboratory diagnosis of the disease frequently leads to diagnosis according to the response to medical treatment. in this study, the presence of p. carinii was investigated in immunocompromised patients who were presenting with the clinical symptoms of atypical pneumonia, by gomori methenamine silver staining (gms), direct fluorescent antibody (dfa) test and nested- ... | 2004 | 15293909 |
| reactive type ii pneumocytes in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. | to evaluate the prevalence of reactive type ii pneumocytes (rpii) in bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) fluid samples obtained from patients with various pulmonary disorders. | 2004 | 15296340 |
| pcr diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii on sputum and bronchoalveolar lavage samples in immuno-compromised patients. | the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) technique was compared with wright-giemsa (wg), gomori methenamine silver (gms) stains and an immunofluorescence assay (ifa) for detection of pneumocystis carinii in immuno-compromised patients. specimens of 21 bronchoalveolar lavages (bal) and 139 sputum samples, were obtained from 157 patients (38 with aids and 119 with hiv) from four hospitals in khon kaen, thailand. a true positive required at least two positives by techniques considered gold standard test ... | 2004 | 15340838 |
| novel bisbenzamidines as potential drug candidates for the treatment of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | a series of pentamidine congeners has been synthesized and screened for their in vitro activity against pneumocystis carinii. among the tested compounds, bisbenzamidines linked by a flexible pentanediamide or hexanediamide chain (7 and 9) emerged as exceptionally potent agents that were more effective and less toxic than pentamidine in the assays described in this study. | 2004 | 15357989 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in a patient without a predisposing illness: case report and review. | a case of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in a patient without an underlying immunosuppressing condition is reported, and 12 other previously reported cases are reviewed. when compared with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in association with aids and in other immunosuppressing conditions, pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients without predisposing conditions resembles more closely that seen in immunosuppressing conditions other than aids. | 2004 | 15370678 |
| the fungal dna examination is useful as a sensitive parameter for the initiation and the quit of antifungal therapy in immunocompromised pediatric patients after surgery. | the purpose of this study is whether the fungal deoxyribonucleic acid (dna) examination is useful as a sensitive parameter for pediatric surgical patients with mycosis. the eleven episodes of five cases (4 cases; progressive liver disease after biliary atresia operation, 1 case; short bowel syndrome and long term total parenteral nutrition with megacystis microcolon intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome) with mycosis were divided into two groups according to the difference of therapeutic protocols ... | 2004 | 15373229 |
| unique biosynthesis of dehydroquinic acid? | a search of the genomic sequences of the thermophilic microorganisms aquifex aeolicus, archaeoglobus fulgidus, methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum, and methanococcus jannaschii for the first seven enzymes (arog, b, d, e, k, a, and c ) involved in the shikimic acid biosynthetic pathway reveal two key enzymes are missing. the first enzyme in the pathway, 3-deoxy-d-arabino-heptulosonic acid 7-phosphate synthase (arog) and the second enzyme in the pathway, 5-dehydroquinic acid synthase (arob) are " ... | 2004 | 15381397 |
| enhanced lung injury and delayed clearance of pneumocystis carinii in surfactant protein a-deficient mice: attenuation of cytokine responses and reactive oxygen-nitrogen species. | surfactant protein a (sp-a), a member of the collectin family, selectively binds to pneumocystis carinii and mediates interactions between pathogen and host alveolar macrophages in vitro. to test the hypothesis that mice lacking sp-a have delayed clearance of pneumocystis organisms and enhanced lung injury, wild-type c57bl/6 (wt) and sp-a-deficient mice (sp-a(-/-)) with or without selective cd4(+)-t-cell depletion were intratracheally inoculated with pneumocystis organisms. four weeks later, cd4 ... | 2004 | 15385504 |
| impact of a statewide medicaid managed care system on healthcare utilization and outcomes for people living with hiv. | medicaid managed care (mmc) systems provide insurance for many persons living with hiv and aids (plwh). this study sought to assess the impact of a statewide mmc system (tenncare) on healthcare utilization and outcomes for plwh. | 2004 | 15599325 |
| detailed sterol compositions of two pathogenic rust fungi. | teliospores of cedar-apple rust gymnosporangium juniperi-virginianae were collected from the eastern red cedar juniperus virginiana, and aeciospores of quince rust g. clavipes were collected from the fruit of english hawthorn crataegus laevigata. the sterol fractions were separated by hplc, and their identities were determined by 600 mhz 1h nmr. twenty-six sterols were isolated from g. juniperi-virginianae and 18 sterols were isolated from g. clavipes. the principal sterol of both fungi was (z)- ... | 2004 | 15638244 |
| pulmonary alveolar proteinosis. | three adult patients, two of whom were hiv-seropositive, presented with a dyspnea of two-to-three-day duration associated with dry cough. high-resolution ct scans of the chest revealed a widespread air-space consolidation with "crazy-paving" pattern in all cases, suggesting a pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (pap). bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) retrieved varying amounts of turbid fluid containing abundant, coarsely granular material that stained positively using periodic acid-schiff (pas) and pas w ... | 2004 | 15648606 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia treatment in people infected with hiv. | 2004 | 15652046 | |
| vad with or without subsequent high-dose melphalan followed by autologous stem cell support in al amyloidosis: japanese experience and criteria for patient selection. | patients with al amyloidosis were treated with vad (vincristine, doxorubicin and dexamethasone) with or without high-dose melphalan followed by auto-pbsct according to eligibility criteria based on disease severity, and prospectively investigated the therapeutic benefits and complications. thirty-one patients were enrolled in this study. vad and subsequent high-dose melphalan with auto-pbsct were performed only in patients who met all of the eligibility criteria. among patients ineligible for th ... | 2004 | 15678759 |
| toll-like receptors as key mediators in innate antifungal immunity. | the toll protein of drosophila is a transmembrane receptor involved in dorsoventral polarization during embryonic development and recognition of infection. in mammals, toll-like receptors (tlrs) constitute a novel protein family involved in innate immunity and respond to a wide spectrum of microorganisms, including fungi, bacteria, viruses, and protozoa. specific agonists for nine of the ten members of the human tlr family have been described to date. tlrs as well as the tlr-associated adaptor m ... | 2004 | 15682636 |
| genotoxic evaluation of the antimalarial drug, fansidar, in cultured human lymphocytes. | fansidar (pyrimethamine-sulfadoxine) has been used extensively worldwide for the treatment of chloroquine resistant plasmodium falciparum malaria, toxoplasmosis and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. because of the wide usage of pyrimethamine-sulfadoxine in developing countries and the lake of information from open literature and reports from manufacturers about the genotoxicity of such antimalarial drug, the present work was suggested. the po ... | 2004 | 15685933 |
| role of multiple induced sputum examination in the diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | we evaluated the usefulness of repeated nebulized saline induced sputum examinations among 60 hiv infected patients clinically suspected to have pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). we found that the first sample was positive for 15 episodes (21.4%); the second sample was positive in 33 episodes (47.1%); the third sample was positive in 22 episodes (31.4%). repeated nebulized saline induced sputum examination imporved the yield of pneumocystis carinii and enhanced the sensitivity of a positive ... | 2004 | 15689091 |
| umbelliferone aminoalkyl derivatives as inhibitors of oxidosqualene cyclases from saccharomyces cerevisiae, trypanosoma cruzi, and pneumocystis carinii. | a series of umbelliferone aminoalkyl derivatives, previously studied as inhibitors of squalene-hopene cyclase, were tested as inhibitors of yeast (saccharomyces cerevisiae) oxidosqualene cyclase (osc) and osc from trypanosoma cruzi and pneumocystis carinii expressed in yeast. enzymes from these pathogens were included in this study to provide a preliminary screening for antiparasitic activity. tests were carried out both on cell homogenates incubated with radiolabeled oxidosqualene and on sphero ... | 2004 | 15691023 |
| changes in the pattern of respiratory diseases necessitating hospitalization of hiv-infected patients since the advent of highly active antiretroviral therapy. | the incidence rates of opportunistic diseases, hospital admission and death have fallen markedly since the advent of highly active antiretroviral therapy (haart). we examined the impact of haart on the pattern of hiv-related respiratory diseases necessitating hospitalization. we retrospectively compared the numbers and etiologies of respiratory diseases diagnosed in hiv-infected patients hospitalized in the chest department of a paris university hospital during the three years preceding widespre ... | 2004 | 15765925 |
| comparison of atovaquone and azithromycin with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for the prevention of serious bacterial infections in children with hiv infection. | trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (tmp-smz) has been used extensively for the prevention of pneumocystis carinii (also referred to as "pneumocystis jiroveci") pneumonia (pcp) and other opportunistic infections in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected children. because the efficacy of tmp-smz for treatment of bacterial infections is limited, it is sometimes poorly tolerated, and there is risk of emergence of drug-resistant strains associated with widespread use, we evaluated a regimen that incl ... | 2004 | 15614703 |
| primary structure of dihydrofolate reductase and mitochondrial ribosomal protein l36 genes from the basidiomycete coprinus cinereus. | we amplified and sequenced the dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) gene of the basidiomycete coprinus cinereus. downstream of the dhfr coding region, a mitochondrial (mt) ribosomal protein l36 (rpl36) gene was discovered in the opposite orientation to dhfr gene. putative polyadenylation signals of the two genes overlapped, both containing the 8-bp palindrome 5'-aatatatt-3'. the finding that c. cinereus dhfr gene is closely clustered with a mt protein gene strongly suggests that c. cinereus dhfr is cl ... | 2004 | 15620217 |
| [pneumocystis carinii--diagnosis based on dna amplification technique]. | pneumocystis carinii f. sp. hominis is an important cause morbidity and morality, causing p. carinii pneumonia (pcp) in aids and other immunocompromised patients. long thought of as protozoan, molecular analysis of the ribosomal gene locus first demonstrated that p. carinii is a member of the fungal kingdom. currently p. carinii is considered to be fungus likely to ascomycetes, based on its ultrastructure, certain elements of its cellular biology, and nucleotide sequences of main genetic loci. t ... | 2004 | 15754651 |
| [new aspects of epidemiology and treatment of pneumocystis carinii infection]. | pneumocystis carinii is an opportunistic eukaryotic pathogen most common causing pneumonia in immunocompromised host. dna p. carinii f. sp. hominis has been frequently detected in air samples collected from environments of p. carinii pneumonia (pcp) patients and nasal swabs samples from contact health care workers and family. epidemiological studies suggested not-only the possibility of person-to-person infection transmission. first hypothesis of reactivation latent infection of the causing the ... | 2004 | 15754652 |
| pulmonary coinfection by pneumocystis carinii and aspegillus fumigatus in a seronegative arthritis patient treated with low-dose methotrexate. | 2004 | 15801078 | |
| hyper-igm syndrome: report of one case. | the hyper-igm syndrome (him) is a rare primary immunodeficiency disorder caused by defects in the cd40 ligand (cd40l)/cd40-signaling pathway. it is characterized by recurrent infections with markedly decreased igg, iga and ige levels but normal or elevated serum igm levels. a 5-month-old boy presented with rapidly progressive pneumonia which responded poorly to antibiotics. high levels of igm and very low levels of igg, ige and iga were noted in his plasma specimen (igm, 128 mg/dl; igg, 18 mg/dl ... | 2004 | 15868849 |
| synthesis of 2,4-diamino-6-[2'-o-(omega-carboxyalkyl)oxydibenz[b,f]azepin-5-yl]methylpteridines as potent and selective inhibitors of pneumocystis carinii, toxoplasma gondii, and mycobacterium avium dihydrofolate reductase. | six previously undescribed n-(2,4-diaminopteridin-6-yl)methyldibenz[b,f]azepines with water-solubilizing o-carboxyalkyloxy or o-carboxybenzyloxy side chains at the 2'-position were synthesized and compared with trimethoprim (tmp) and piritrexim (ptx) as inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) from pneumocystis carinii (pc), toxoplasma gondii (tg), and mycobacterium avium (ma), three of the opportunistic organisms known to cause significant morbidity and mortality in patients with aids and o ... | 2004 | 15115391 |
| increase in prevalence of pneumocystis carinii mutations in patients with aids and p. carinii pneumonia, in the united states and china. | this study of pneumocystis carinii dihydropteroate synthase (dhps) mutations in patients with aids who have p. carinii pneumonia compares the change in the prevalence of such mutations in the united states, where sulfa-drug prophylaxis is widespread, to that in china, where it is infrequent. the dhps gene from 145 us patients presenting during 1983-2001 and from 15 chinese patients presenting during 1998-2001 was amplified by polymerase chain reaction and was sequenced. in the united states, 40% ... | 2004 | 15116306 |
| pneumocystis: unraveling the cloak of obscurity. | 2004 | 15120144 | |
| [alveolar damage of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in renal transplantation recipients]. | to study the alveolar ultrastructural changes and the interaction between pneumocystis carinii (pc) and alveoli in pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) patients after renal transplantation. | 2004 | 15130325 |
| phylogenetic identification of pneumocystis murina sp. nov., a new species in laboratory mice. | pneumocystis is a fungal genus that contains multiple species. one member of the genus that has not been formally analysed for its phylogenetic relationships and possible species status is the pneumocystis found in laboratory mice, pneumocystis murina sp. nov. (type strain atcc pra-111(t)=cbs 114898(t)), formerly known as pneumocystis carinii f. sp. muris. to advance research in this area, approximately 3000 bp of additional dna sequence were obtained from the locus encoding rrnas. this sequence ... | 2004 | 15133075 |
| molecular typing of pneumocystis jirovecii found in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded lung tissue sections from sudden infant death victims. | previous studies have provided histological evidence of an association between primary pneumocystis infection and sudden infant death syndrome (sids). the aim of this work was to determine the species of clustered pneumocystis organisms found in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (ffpe) lung tissue sections from chilean sudden infant death (sid) victims. this approach needed first to optimize a dna extraction method from such histological sections. for that purpose, the qiaamp dna isolation from p ... | 2004 | 15133076 |
| clinical usefulness of bronchoalveolar lavage in heart transplant recipients with suspected lower respiratory tract infection. | bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) is the recommended initial invasive diagnostic procedure when lower respiratory tract infection is suspected in solid-organ transplant recipients. in this study, we evaluated the clinical impact and safety of bronchoscopy with bal in heart transplant recipients. | 2004 | 15135373 |
| intensive care in patients with hiv infection in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy. | the use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (haart) has dramatically improved morbidity and mortality in patients with hiv infection. the types of critical illness and their outcomes in hiv-infected patients in recent years is unknown. | 2004 | 15136393 |
| inflammatory responses in blood samples of human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients with pulmonary infections. | we analyzed the characteristics of the inflammatory response occurring in blood during pulmonary infections in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected patients. a prospective study of consecutive hospital admissions of hiv-infected patients with new-onset radiologic pulmonary infiltrates was carried out in a tertiary university hospital from april 1998 to may 2001. plasma cyclic amp receptor protein (crp), interleukin 1beta (il-1beta), il-6, il-8, il-10, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnf- ... | 2004 | 15138189 |
| the aids epidemic in lyon: patient characteristics and defining illnesses between 1985 and 2000. | to define the characteristics of 1899 patients diagnosed with aids at lyon university hospitals (luh) across four time periods corresponding to different antiretroviral eras, and to analyse the evolution of specific aids-defining illnesses (adis) with time. | 2004 | 15139982 |
| invasive pneumococcal disease in patients infected with hiv: still a threat in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy. | we studied all human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected patients with invasive pneumococcal disease who received their diagnosis during 1996-2002 to investigate the incidence of this disease in the highly active antiretroviral therapy era and to study the influence of cd4 lymphocyte count on the clinical presentation and outcome of disease. the overall incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease was 11.3 cases per 100,000 person-years in adult patients without known hiv infection and 677 cases ... | 2004 | 15156452 |
| biochemical requirements for pcbck1 kinase activity, the pneumocystis carinii mekk involved in cell wall integrity. | fungal cell wall assembly is a complicated process involving multiple enzymes and coordinated signaling pathways. the cell wall integrity mapk pathway acts to stabilize the fungal cell wall during conditions of elevated temperature by regulation of glucan synthesis. the upstream kinase, bck1, is a critical component of this pathway. pneumonia is a significant cause of death from the fungal opportunistic pathogen pneumocystis in immunocompromised states, especially with hiv infection. we have pre ... | 2004 | 15158275 |
| expression analysis of pcste3, a putative pheromone receptor from the lung pathogenic fungus pneumocystis carinii. | the fungal pathogen pneumocystis carinii remains the most prevalent opportunistic infection in patients infected with hiv. fungal pheromone receptors are seven transmembrane domain g-protein-coupled receptors which are expressed on specific mating types, and have ligand-binding extracellular domains for specific pheromones from cells of the opposite mating type. we have cloned and characterized pcste3 from p. carinii, which encodes a seven transmembrane domain protein orthologous to the saccharo ... | 2004 | 15158461 |
| long-term outcome of treatment with intravenous cyclosporin in patients with severe ulcerative colitis. | iv cyclosporin a (csa) is an effective therapy in patients with severe ulcerative colitis (uc). it remains unclear if this treatment affects the course of the disease in the long run. we investigated the long-term efficacy and safety in 86 patients with ulcerative colitis treated with i.v. csa at our center. | 2004 | 15168804 |
| an unusual cause of pulmonary haemorrhage in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis. | pulmonary haemorrhage is a rare presentation of strongyloides hyperinfection. | 2004 | 15175782 |
| comparison between real-time pcr, conventional pcr and different staining techniques for diagnosing pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia from bronchoalveolar lavage specimens. | between january 2002 and july 2003, 173 bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) specimens from 150 patients (19 hiv-infected and 131 non-hiv-infected patients) were evaluated for identification of pneumocystis jiroveci (formerly known as pneumocystis carinii f. sp. hominis) using staining techniques, conventional pcr (mtlsurrna gene) and real-time pcr (msg gene). test results were compared to pneumocystis pneumonia (pcp) confirmed by typical clinical findings and response to treatment. sensitivity and spec ... | 2004 | 15184529 |
| care for people living with hiv/aids: an assessment of day care centers in northern thailand. | a cross-sectional survey of 271 day care center (dcc) members at 9 district hospitals was undertaken using an interviewer-administered questionnaire to assess the psychosocial and economic impact of the services provided by dccs to people living with hiv/aids (plwha) and the costs of attending dccs in chiang rai province in thailand. data on the socioeconomic and demographic background of the participants, their reasons for attending dccs, their medical services usage, the changes dccs made on t ... | 2004 | 15186714 |
| determination of trimethoprim in low-volume human plasma by liquid chromatography. | trimethoprim is an anti-infective agent used in the treatment of urinary and respiratory tract infections and mild to moderate pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. trimethoprim is also a selective in vitro inhibitor of cytochrome p450 2c8 and may have utility as an in vivo inhibitor of this enzyme. a simplified high performance liquid chromatography (hplc) method was developed to determine trimethoprim in human plasma. samples are processed by protein precipitation with perchloric acid and chromatogr ... | 2004 | 15203044 |
| design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of 2,4-diamino-5-methyl-6-substituted-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines as dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors. | 2,4-diamino-5-methyl-6-(substituted-phenyl)thiopyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines 4-11 were synthesized as dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) inhibitors against opportunistic pathogens that afflict patients with aids. synthesis was achieved from 2,4-diamino-5-methypyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine and substituted phenylthiols under modified conditions reported by gangjee et al. some of these compounds were potent and selective against dhfr from both toxoplasma gondii and mycobacterium avium compared to mammalian dhfr ... | 2004 | 15214795 |
| epidemiology of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in southern spain. | in order to investigate the impact of pneumocystis carinii infection in southern spain following the introduction of highly active anti-retroviral therapy (haart), all cases of pneumocystosis between 1998 and 1999 were identified from data compiled by the national surveillance system. in total, 498 cases of pneumocystosis were recorded, of which 87% involved hiv-positive patients. the mean age, length of hospital stay and mortality were higher for hiv-negative patients. there was a higher number ... | 2004 | 15214886 |
| pharmaceutical care for hiv patients on directly observed therapy. | inner-city patients infected with hiv can be a challenging group to treat. homelessness, mental illness, substance abuse, and hepatitis c infection may serve as barriers to effective treatment. a multidisciplinary team including the pharmacist can impact upon the delivery of care to the inner-city hiv patient population. | 2004 | 14990778 |
| expression of the pneumocystis carinii major surface glycoprotein epitope is correlated with linkage of the cognate gene to the upstream conserved sequence locus. | the major surface glycoprotein (msg) is a variable surface antigen of the pathogenic fungus pneumocystis carinii. many forms of msg are encoded by a gene family. expression of the msg gene family is believed to be controlled in a cis-dependent fashion. transcription of a given msg gene is correlated with linkage of that gene to a unique locus called the upstream conserved sequence (ucs). these data predict that the msg protein on a given organism will match that encoded by the msg gene at the uc ... | 2004 | 14993317 |
| new 2,4-diamino-5-(2',5'-substituted benzyl)pyrimidines as potential drugs against opportunistic infections of aids and other immune disorders. synthesis and species-dependent antifolate activity. | in a continuing effort to design small-molecule inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) that combine the enzyme-binding selectivity of 2,4-diamino-5-(3',4',5'-trimethoxybenzyl)pyrimidine (trimethoprim, tmp) with the potency of 2,4-diamino-5-methyl-6-(2',5'-dimethoxybenzyl)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine (piritrexim, ptx), seven previously undescribed 2,4-diamino-5-[2'-methoxy-5'-(substituted benzyl)]pyrimidines were synthesized in which the substituent at the 5'-position was a carboxyphenyl group l ... | 2004 | 14998335 |
| pneumatocoele formation during pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in a man with hiv-1 infection. | 2004 | 14998503 | |
| hiv-related pneumonia care in older patients hospitalized in the early haart era. | age-related variations in care have been identified for hiv-associated pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in both the 1980s and 1990s. we evaluated if age-related variations affected all aspects of hiv-specific and non-hiv-specific care for hiv-infected individuals with pcp or community-acquired pneumonia (cap), or whether age-related variations were primarily limited to hiv-specific aspects of care. subjects were hiv-infected persons with pcp (n = 1855) or cap (n = 1415) hospitalized in 8 cit ... | 2004 | 15006184 |
| [a case of paclitaxel-induced pneumonitis]. | a 79-year-old woman with small-cell lung cancer was treated weekly with paclitaxel after previous treatment with carboplatin and etoposide. within the first course of paclitaxel, chest radiography and ct revealed thickening of the bronchovascular bundle and interlobular septa, and infiltrates in both lung fields. a marked increase in the number of lymphocytes was found on bronchoalveolar lavage (bal). microorganisms such as cytomegalovirus, mycobacteria, and pneumocystis carinii were absent from ... | 2004 | 15007916 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (cll) who have not been treated with fludarabin are rare, although clinically relevant cd4 t-cell depletion can occur in longstanding cll without prior treatment with purine analogues. a 52 year old woman is reported who was on long term treatment with chlorambucil and taking a short course of prednisone for familial cll before she developed progressive dyspnoea, and p carinii pneumonia was diagnosed in bronchoalveolar ... | 2004 | 15082848 |
| dapsone-induced hypersensitivity pneumonitis mimicking pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in a patient with aids. | interstitial pneumonitis, often related to infectious etiologies, occurs commonly in hiv-infected patients. however, hypersensitivity pneumonitis from noninfectious etiologies, including environmental stimuli or drug exposure, is an unusual etiology of interstitial pneumonitis in hiv-infected patients. we report a patient with aids who developed a dapsone-induced hypersensitivity pneumonitis mimicking pneumocystis carinii (pcp) pneumonia. we believe drug-induced hypersensitivity pneumonitis shou ... | 2004 | 15090757 |
| immune reconstitution in hiv-infected patients. | the prognosis of patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) type 1 has dramatically improved since the advent of potent antiretroviral therapies (arts), which have enabled sustained suppression of hiv replication and recovery of cd4 t cell counts. knowledge of the function of cd4 t cells in immune reconstitution was derived from large clinical studies demonstrating that primary and secondary prophylaxis against infectious agents, such as pneumocystis jirovecii (pneumocystis carini ... | 2004 | 15095223 |
| efficacy and tolerability of alemtuzumab (campath-1h) in the salvage treatment of b-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia--change of regimen needed? | we report on the response rate and tolerability of alemtuzumab (campath-1h) in a series of heavily pretreated patients with b-cll with a special focus on treatment-related problems. all patients tested positive for cd52 on b-lymphocytes before entering the trial. thirteen patients with b-chronic lymphocytic leukemia (b-cll), 1 prolymphocytic leukemia (pll), 1 mantle cell lymphoma (mcl) and 1 leukemic immunocytoma (ic) transformed into a high-grade nhl were included. median age was 62 years (rang ... | 2004 | 15101722 |
| metabolites of an orally active antimicrobial prodrug, 2,5-bis(4-amidinophenyl)furan-bis-o-methylamidoxime, identified by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. | db75 (2,5-bis(4-amidinophenyl)furan) is a promising antimicrobial agent against african trypanosomiasis and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. however, it suffers from poor oral activity in rodent models for both infections. in contrast, a novel prodrug of db75, 2,5-bis(4-amidinophenyl)furan-bis-o-methylamidoxime (db289), has excellent oral activity. db289 is currently undergoing clinical investigation as a candidate drug to treat primary stage african trypanosomiasis and pneumocystis carinii pneum ... | 2004 | 15103648 |
| cytodiagnosis of simultaneous pulmonary infection due to cytomegalovirus and pneumocystis carinii in a sample of bronchoalveolar lavage. | 2004 | 15108232 | |
| design, synthesis, and computational affinity prediction of ester soft drugs as inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase from pneumocystis carinii. | a series of dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) inhibitors, where the methylenamino-bridge of non-classical inhibitors was replaced with an ester function, have been prepared as potential soft drugs intended for inhalation against pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). several of the new ester-based inhibitors that should serve as good substrates for the ubiquitous esterases and possibly constitute safer alternatives to metabolically stable dhfr inhibitors administered orally, were found to be potent ... | 2004 | 15113582 |
| allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for seven children with x-linked hyper-igm syndrome: a single center experience. | x-linked hyper-igm syndrome (xhim), or hyper-igm syndrome type 1 (higm1), is a rare primary immunodeficiency disorder susceptible to recurrent bacterial infection and opportunistic infection such as pneumocystis carinii and cryptosporidium parvum. the long-term outcome is quite poor, and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (hsct) offers the only cure. seven patients with xhim, from age 3 to 19 years (mean 11.3 years), underwent allogeneic hsct in our institution. details of pre- a ... | 2004 | 15114594 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia during maintenance anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha therapy with infliximab for crohn's disease. | clinical trials using infliximab have not reported cases of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp), and pcp infection during standard medical treatment of inflammatory bowel disease is uncommon. postmarketing surveillance through june of 2001 has identified 10 cases of pcp occurring during treatment with infliximab; 3 patients died. | 2004 | 15472531 |
| prevalence of dihydropteroate synthase mutants in hiv-infected south african children with pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia. | pneumocystis jiroveci (formerly pneumocystis carinii) pneumonia (pcp) is a major cause of mortality in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected infants in africa, but the prevalence of mutations in the gene encoding dihydropteroate synthase (dhps) in isolates from africa has not been reported. | 2004 | 15472859 |