Publications

temporal changes in growth, condition and trophic niche in juvenile cyprinus carpio infected with a non-native parasite.	in host-parasite relationships, parasite prevalence and abundance can vary over time, potentially impacting how hosts are affected by infection. here, the pathology, growth, condition and diet of a juvenile cyprinus carpio cohort infected with the non-native cestode bothriocephalus acheilognathi was measured in october 2012 (end of their first summer of life), april 2013 (end of first winter) and october 2013 (end of second summer). pathology revealed consistent impacts, including severe compres ...	2015	26394706
first record of the invasive asian fish tapeworm bothriocephalus acheilognathi in honduras, central america.	this paper provides the first report of the invasive asian fish tapeworm, bothriocephalus acheilognathi yamaguti, 1934, in honduras. the cestode was found in profundulus portillorum (cyprinodontiformes: profundulidae), which represents a new host record, and which is a member of a genus faced with a variety of conservation challenges, now potentially complicated by the presence of this pathogenic cestode. nearly complete sequence data from the its-1 5.8s and its-2 regions corroborate the determi ...	2015	25654444
phenotypical and genotypical characterization of shewanella putrefaciens strains isolated from diseased freshwater fish.	between 2007 and 2012, a variety of disease outbreaks most often characterized by skin disorders were observed among different species of freshwater fish in poland. in most cases, the clinical signs included focally necrotized gills, necrotic skin lesions or ulcers. internally, haemorrhages, oedematous kidney and abnormal spleen enlargement were generally noted. the disorders were accompanied by increased mortality. most of the problems concerned cultured common carp cyprinus carpio l. and rainb ...	2015	24552171
sensitization rates for various allergens in children with allergic rhinitis in qingdao, china.	the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of sensitization to common allergens in children with allergic rhinitis (ar) living in qingdao, china. we conducted a retrospective analysis for ar cases, who underwent skin prick tests (spt) in qingdao. a total of 2841 children with ar qualified for the inclusion criteria (age 3-5 years: 1500 children; age 6-12 years: 1341 children). the most common inhaled allergens to which the ar children were sensitive were dermatophagoides pteronyssinus ...	2015	26371014
integrative taxonomy of central european parasitic flatworms of the family prosthogonimidae lühe, 1909 (trematoda: plagiorchiida).	species of the family prosthogonimidae are considered the most pathogenic poultry trematodes worldwide, affecting particularly low intensity farming in rural areas. adults of prosthogonimus occur mainly in the bursa of fabricius, oviduct and cloaca of ducks, geese, fowl and other birds feeding at least occasionally on dragonflies or damselflies (odonata). we analyzed the central european species of the prosthogonimidae, namely prosthogonimus cuneatus, prosthogonimus ovatus, prosthogonimus pelluc ...	2015	25724855
molecular and functional characterization of the scavenger receptor cd36 in zebrafish and common carp.	cd36 is a scavenger receptor which has been studied closely in mammals where it is expressed by many different cell types and plays a role in highly diverse processes, both homeostatic and pathologic. it is among other things important in the innate immune system, in angiogenesis, and in clearance of apoptotic cells, and it is also involved in lipid metabolism and atherosclerosis. recently, in the cephalochordate amphioxus a primitive cd36 family member was described, which was present before th ...	2015	25306962
inhibition of spring viraemia of carp virus replication in an epithelioma papulosum cyprini cell line by rnai.	spring viraemia of carp virus (svcv) is an aetiological agent of a serious disease affecting carp farms in europe and is a member of the rhabdoviridae family of viruses. the genome of svcv codes for five proteins: nucleoprotein (n), phosphoprotein (p), matrix protein (m), glycoprotein (g) and rna-dependent rna polymerase (l). rna-mediated interference (rnai) by small interfering rnas (sirnas) is a powerful tool to inhibit gene transcription and is used to study genes important for viral replicat ...	2015	24460815
[epizootological characterization of trematodiasis foci in the ecosystem of the amur river in the khabarovsk territory].	investigations were conducted in late june to early june 2013. the population density of mollusks of the genus juga in the shoreline and littoral covered by meadow waters was 10 to 30 specimens/m2; there were solitary specimens of the genus parafossarulus. fourteen out of 39 fish species were invaded by metacercariae of clonorchis. manchurian spiny loaches (leptobotia) and light's bitterling (rhodeus lighti) are first registered to be hosts of clonorchis. the metacercariae of metagonimus yokogaw ...	2015	26152032
effect of temperature on hypoxia tolerance and its underlying biochemical mechanism in two juvenile cyprinids exhibiting distinct hypoxia sensitivities.	it is increasingly important to investigate the effect of temperature on hypoxia tolerance in fish species, as worldwide hypoxia worsens with increases in global warming. we selected the hypoxia-tolerant crucian carp (carassius carassius) and the hypoxia-sensitive chinese bream (parabramis pekinensis) as model fish and investigated their hypoxia tolerance based on the critical oxygen tension of the routine metabolic rate (m˙o2rout) (pcrit), aquatic surface respiration (asrcrit) and loss of equil ...	2015	24853206
role of peptidases of the intestinal microflora and prey in temperature adaptations of the digestive system in planktivorous and benthivorous fish.	many fish enzymatic systems possess limited adaptations to low temperature; however, little data are available to judge whether enzymes of fish prey and intestinal microbiota can mitigate this deficiency. in this study, the activity of serine peptidases (casein-lytic, mainly trypsin and hemoglobin-lytic, mainly chymotrypsin) of intestinal mucosa, chyme and intestinal microflora in four species of planktivorous (blue bream) and benthivorous (roach, crucian carp, perch) was investigated across a w ...	2015	26251288
persistent organic pollutants in muscle of fish collected from the nové mlýny reservoir in southern moravia, czech republic.	the aim of the present study was to investigate the content of organochlorine pesticides (ocps) and polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs) in muscle tissues of fish, i.e. carp (cyprinus carpio, l.), bream (abramis brama, l.) and pike perch (stizostedion lucioperca, l.) from the middle nové mlýny reservoir and compare our results with previous corresponding studies. samples were analysed by gas chromatography with ion trap tandem mass spectrometry. the highest contents of all pollutants were determined ...	2015	26092236
biomass and abundance biases in european standard gillnet sampling.	the european standard en 14757 recommends gillnet mesh sizes that range from 5 to 55mm (knot-to-knot) for the standard monitoring of fish assemblages and suggests adding gillnets with larger mesh sizes if necessary. our research showed that the recommended range of mesh sizes did not provide a representative picture of fish sizes for larger species that commonly occur in continental europe. we developed a novel, large mesh gillnet which consists of mesh sizes 70, 90, 110 and 135mm (knot to knot, ...	2015	25793776
[differences in the infestation rate of young cyprinid fishes (cypriniformes) by metacercaria of posthodiplostomum cuticola (digenea, diplostomatidae) in river and lake systems of the lake chany basin (western siberia)].	a total of 12 fish species were studied for the invasion of p. cuticola (nordmann, 1832) metacercariae in the chany lake estuaries, river and lake systems during different periods of water level. all infected individuals were represented by juveniles of the family cyprinidae, except for adults of the dace leuciscus leuciscus. (l.). under an average water level (2010) the highest rate of fish invasion was revealed in the estuary zone, where the prevalence of infection (pi) constituted 37.5%, 13.4 ...	2015	25693328
immune-relevant thrombocytes of common carp undergo parasite-induced nitric oxide-mediated apoptosis.	common carp thrombocytes account for 30-40% of peripheral blood leukocytes and are abundant in the healthy animals' spleen, the thrombopoietic organ. we show that, ex vivo, thrombocytes from healthy carp express a large number of immune-relevant genes, among which several cytokines and toll-like receptors, clearly pointing at immune functions of carp thrombocytes. few studies have described the role of fish thrombocytes during infection. carp are natural host to two different but related protozo ...	2015	25681740
a novel genus in the order picornavirales detected in human stool.	recently, four new viruses belonging to an unassigned family within the order picornavirales were identified in excrements of healthy carp (fisavirus) and pigs (posavirus 1, 2 and 3). we report the detection and characterization of a fifth virus present in human faeces. the virus, named human stool-associated rna virus (husavirus), contains a single orf encoding a putative 2993 aa polyprotein, with a hel-pro-pol replication block, typical for the picornavirales. phylogenetic analysis revealed th ...	2015	26354795
zebrafish: an animal model for research in veterinary medicine.	the zebrafish (danio rerio) has become known as an excellent model organism for studies of vertebrate biology, vertebrate genetics, embryonal development, diseases and drug screening. nevertheless, there is still lack of detailed reports about usage of the zebrafish as a model in veterinary medicine. comparing to other vertebrates, they can lay hundreds of eggs at weekly intervals, externally fertilized zebrafish embryos are accessible to observation and manipulation at all stages of their devel ...	2015	26618602
morphological polymorphism in tapeworms: redescription of caryophyllaeus laticeps (pallas, 1781) (cestoda: caryophyllidea) and characterisation of its morphotypes from different fish hosts.	recent morphological and molecular data have shown that one of the most common parasites of freshwater fish in the palaearctic region, the cestode caryophyllaeus laticeps (pallas, 1781) (eucestoda: caryophyllidea), is highly polymorphic. five distinct morphotypes of c. laticeps, largely corresponding to different fish hosts and representing separate, yet closely related genetic lineages, have been recognised and they are characterised in the present paper. morphotype 1 from breams, abramis brama ...	2015	25655116
molecular characterization of shewanella and aeromonas isolates associated with spoilage of common carp (cyprinus carpio).	storage in ice is a common way of preserving commercial fish species but some microorganisms can still contaminate and participate in the spoilage of the product; therefore, identification of potential harmful microbes is important. thirteen colonies were isolated from common carp (cyprinus carpio) that had been stored in ice, whose phenotypic identification revealed that they belonged to the genera aeromonas (n = 5) and shewanella (n = 8). molecular genotyping with eric-pcr showed clonality onl ...	2015	25790506
ulcer disease prophylaxis in koi carp by bath immersion with chicken egg yolk containing anti-aeromonas salmonicida igy.	ulcer disease, caused by atypical aeromonas salmonicida, is a serious concern in ornamental koi carp, because it induces skin ulceration, disfiguring ornamental fish and causing economic loses. the present study aimed to establish a novel prophylaxis with chicken egg yolk immunoglobulin, igy, against ulcer disease and to assess its feasibility in the ornamental fish industry. addition of egg yolk powder containing anti-a. salmonicida igy to rearing water provided significant protection against a ...	2015	25687817
molecular cloning and characterization of mannose binding lectin homologue from snow trout (schizothorax richardsonii).	the teleost fishes depend on their innate immune system for first line of defense. mannose binding lectin (mbl) is a member of the collectin family of proteins that plays an important role in the innate immune response in many vertebrates including fish. the present study was thus carried out to identify and characterize mbl homologue from snow trout. the cdna of snow trout mbl homologue (galactose binding; sch-gbl) was cloned and characterized. the obtained cdna (778-bp) contains 762 bp long or ...	2015	25430628
expression patterns of toll-like receptors in natural triploid carassius auratus after infection with aeromonas hydrophila.	toll-like receptors (tlrs) play the important roles in the innate immune system. in the present study, we have cloned fragments of 13 members of tlr family in natural triploid qihe crucian carp (c. auratus) and investigated the expression profiles of these tlrs in spleen and head kidney at different time points after a. hydrophila infection. the results showed that the expressions of certain tlrs including tlr4, tlr5, and tlr22 were significantly up-regulated after infection, and the expression ...	2015	26319889
protective efficacy of recombinant hemolysin co-regulated protein (hcp) of aeromonas hydrophila in common carp (cyprinus carpio).	motile aeromonad septicemia (mas) caused by aeromonas hydrophila is one of the common bacterial causes of fish mortalities. prophylactic vaccination against this and other diseases is essential for continued growth of aquaculture. the type vi secretion system (t6ss) plays a crucial role in the virulence of a. hydrophila. the hemolysin co-regulated protein (hcp) is an integral component of the t6ss apparatus and is considered a hallmark of t6ss function. here, the t6ss effector hcp was expressed ...	2015	26093203
ontogeny, tissue distribution and expression analysis of igz in rohu, labeo rohita in response to various stimuli.	this study reports presence of igz transcripts, its ontogeny, tissue distribution and expression following various stimulations/infections in rohu. the derived rohu igz sequence clustered together with igz of ctenopharyngodon idella and cyprinus carpio in phylogenetic analysis. igz expression was detected at early developmental stages with higher expression at 1 day post-fertilization, and higher in anterior kidney and lower in skin tissues of juveniles. an inductive expression of igz was observ ...	2015	26055084
establishment and characterization of fin-derived cell line from ornamental carp, cyprinus carpio koi, for virus isolation in india.	cyprinus carpio koi fin (cckf) cell line was established and characterized from the caudal fin tissue of ornamental common carp, c. carpio koi. this cell line has been maintained in l-15 medium supplemented with 15% foetal bovine serum (fbs) and subcultured more than 52 times over a period of 24 mo. the cckf cell line consisted of epithelial cells and was able to grow at temperatures between 22 and 35°c with an optimum temperature of 28°c. the growth rate of these cells increased as the proporti ...	2015	25990269
[molecular cloning and expression patterns of two tumor necrosis factor al pha genes in crucian carp (carassius carassius)].	tumor necrosis factor (tnf) is a potent inflammatory cytokine produced during inflammation. in this study, two crucian carp tnf-alpha genes, tnfalpha-1 and tnfalpha-2 were cloned and sequenced. the tnfalpha-1 was 720 bp and-consisted of a 699 bp opening reading frame encoding 232 amino acids and tnfalpha-2 was 793 bp and contained an open reading frame of 687 bp which encoded 228 amino acids. the genomic structure of both genes consists of4 exons and 3 introns similar to other known tnf-alpha ge ...	2015	25916118
effect of dietary arginine on the immune response and gene expression in head kidney and spleen following infection of jian carp with aeromonas hydrophila.	this study was conducted to test the hypothesis that elevated dietary arginine enhances immunity of juvenile jian carp (cyprinus carpio var. jian). fish were fed graded levels of dietary arginine for 9 weeks. subsequently, a challenge test was conducted by injection of aeromonas hydrophila. head kidney and spleen weights, as well as erythrocyte and leukocyte counts were significantly influenced by dietary arginine levels. a similar trend was also observed for hemagglutination titre, serum lysozy ...	2015	25721332
enhancement of secondary metabolites from bacillus licheniformis xy-52 on immune response and expression of some immune-related genes in common carp, cyprinus carpio.	this study was undertaken to isolate active secondary metabolites from immunostimulatory bacillus licheniformis xy-52 and evaluate their activities at 0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, and 2.0% doses supplementation with feed on immune response in common carp at weeks 1, 2, and 3. by applying chromatography techniques and successive recrystallization, two purified metabolites were obtained and identified by spectral data (mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance) as: cyclo-(phe-tyr) and cyclo-(phe-gly). t ...	2015	25703710
effects of the lipid regulating drug clofibric acid on pparα-regulated gene transcript levels in common carp (cyprinus carpio) at pharmacological and environmental exposure levels.	in mammals, the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (pparα) plays a key role in regulating various genes involved in lipid metabolism, bile acid synthesis and cholesterol homeostasis, and is activated by a diverse group of compounds collectively termed peroxisome proliferators (pps). specific pps have been detected in the aquatic environment; however little is known on their pharmacological activity in fish. we investigated the bioavailability and persistence of the human pparα ligand c ...	2015	25749508
a novel lipase as aquafeed additive for warm-water aquaculture.	a novel acinetobacter lipase gene lipg1 was cloned from dna extracted from intestinal sample of common carp (cyprinus carpio), and expressed in e. coli bl21. the encoded protein was 406 amino acids in length. phylogenetic analysis indicated that lipg1 and its relatives comprised a novel group of true lipases produced by gram-negative bacteria. lipg1 showed maximal activity at 40℃ and ph 8.0 when pnp decanoate (c10) was used as the substrate, and remained high activity between 20℃ and 35℃. activi ...	2015	26147311
detection of cyanotoxins, β-n-methylamino-l-alanine and microcystins, from a lake surrounded by cases of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.	a cluster of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (als) has been previously described to border lake mascoma in enfield, nh, with an incidence of als approximating 25 times expected. we hypothesize a possible association with cyanobacterial blooms that can produce β-n-methylamino-l-alanine (bmaa), a neurotoxic amino acid implicated as a possible cause of als/pdc in guam. muscle, liver, and brain tissue samples from a lake mascoma carp, as well as filtered aerosol samples, were analyzed for microcystins ...	2015	25643180
identification and functional characterization of the novel edwardsiella tarda effector esej.	edwardsiella tarda is a gram-negative enteric pathogen that causes hemorrhagic septicemia in fish and gastro- and extraintestinal infections in humans. the type iii secretion system (t3ss) of e. tarda has been identified as a key virulence factor that contributes to pathogenesis in fish. however, little is known about the associated effectors translocated by this t3ss. in this study, by comparing the profile of secreted proteins of the wild-type ppd130/91 and its t3ss atpase δesan mutant, we ide ...	2015	25667268
salmon gill poxvirus, the deepest representative of the chordopoxvirinae.	poxviruses are large dna viruses of vertebrates and insects causing disease in many animal species, including reptiles, birds, and mammals. although poxvirus-like particles were detected in diseased farmed koi carp, ayu, and atlantic salmon, their genetic relationships to poxviruses were not established. here, we provide the first genome sequence of a fish poxvirus, which was isolated from farmed atlantic salmon. in the present study, we used quantitative pcr and immunohistochemistry to determin ...	2015	26136578
effects of carp kidney extract and angiotensin ii on adrenal steroid secretion.		2015	4327075
methods and effectiveness of breeding ropshian carp. communication ii. methods of selection.		2015	4432117
[proceedings: 91. the respiratory activity and cleaning motion of the perfused brain (carp) (author's transl)].		2015	4799289
conditions restricting allosteric transitions in carp hemoglobin.		2015	4697397
studies on the somatic chromosome of the carp (cyprinus carpio).		2015	4669386
[the role of the swim bladder in the auditory function of the carp, cyprinus carpio].		2015	4463629
[effect of a mercury preparation on carp].		2015	4562960
[restoration of hepatocyte structure of carp fed 2 synthetic diets after prolonged fasting].		2015	4662018
[functions of metallothioneins and a system of antioxidant defense under the effect of co- and zn-containing nanocomposites on crucian carp (carassius auratus gibelio)].	the effect of metal-nanocomposites (me-nc) of cobalt and zinc (co- and zn-nc, correspondingly) synthecized on the basis of vinylpyrrolidone (ps) on the metal-accumulative proteins with antioxidant potential metallothioneins (mt) in crucian carp (carassius auratus gibelio) was studied. fish was subjected to the effect of co-nc, zn-nc, co2+, zn2+ or polymer carrier (pc) in the concentrations correspondent to 50 microg x co/l or 100 microg x zn/l during 14 days. it was shown that the mts response i ...	2015	23937048
[evaluation of ivermectin's reproductive toxicity to male carassius auratus].	as a new type of antiparasitic drugs, ivermectin (ivm) has been widely applied in agriculture, stock raising and aquaculture in china because of its broad spectrum and high efficiency. in order to evaluate the ivm' s reproductive toxicity to male crucian carp (carassius auratus), ivm was orally given to the experimental fish with different dosages and the gonadosomatic index (gsi), sexual hormone contents (including testosterone and estradiol) in serum and testis, γ-aminobutyric acid content in ...	2015	26995928
prevalence of argulus foliaceus in ornamental fishes [goldfish (carassius auratus) and koi (cyprinus carpio)] in kerman, southeast of iran.	the genus argulus (crustacea: branchiura), or fish louse, are common parasites of freshwater fish. this parasite have a direct life cycles and mature females leave the host and lay several hundred eggs on vegetation and various objects in the water. it caused pathological changes due to direct tissue damage and secondary infections. besides the damage and stress caused by argulus itself, one of the main worries for fish producers are the associated secondary infestations and infections that can ...	2015	26688652
the chromosomal constitution of fish hybrid lineage revealed by 5s rdna fish.	the establishment of the bisexual fertile fish hybrid lineage including the allodiploid and allotetraploid hybrids, from interspecific hybridization of red crucian carp (carassius auratus red var. 2n = 100, 2n = aa) (♀) × common carp (cyprinus carpio l. 2n = 100, 2n = bb) (♂), provided a good platform to investigate genetic relationship between the parents and their hybrid progenies.	2015	26635010
effects and bioaccumulation of 17β-estradiol and 17α-ethynylestradiol following long-term exposure in crucian carp.	bioaccumulation and effects of 17β-estradiol (e2) and 17α-ethynylestradiol (ee2) were assessed by crucian carp (carassius auratus) following single and binary mixture exposures in flow-through exposure system for 16 months. in comparison with water control (dwc) and solvent control (sc), a significant reduction in body weight, body length and gonadosomatic index (gsi), and increase in hepatosomatic index (hsi) and plasma vitellogenin (vtg) levels were observed, in a time- and concentration-depen ...	2015	25463868
preparation of a polyclonal antibody against goldfish (carassius auratus) vitellogenin and its application to detect the estrogenic effects of monocrotophos pesticide.	goldfish (carassius auratus) represents a good model to detect the estrogenic effects of chemicals, and vitellogenin (vtg) is a vital indicator of estrogenic activity. the heterologous anti-carp vtg antibody has previously been used for goldfish vtg detection. here, we report the preparation of an anti-goldfish vtg antibody to improve the sensitivity and specificity of goldfish vtg immunoassays. vtg was purified from the plasma of 17β-estradiol (e2)-induced goldfish by gel filtration followed by ...	2015	25450922
comparative pharmacokinetics of norfloxacin nicotinate in common carp (cyprinus carpio) and crucian carp (carassius auratus) after oral administration.	comparative pharmacokinetics of norfloxacin nicotinate (nfxnt) was investigated in common carp (cyprinus carpio) and crucian carp (carassius auratus) after a single oral dose of 10 mg/kg body weight (b.w.). analyses of plasma samples were performed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography (uplc) with fluorescence detection. after oral dose, plasma concentration-time curves of common carp and crucian carp were best described by a two-compartment open model with first-order absorption. the ph ...	2015	25427758
biological effects and bioaccumulation of pharmaceutically active compounds in crucian carp caged near the outfall of a sewage treatment plant.	pharmaceutically active compounds (phacs) have been universally detected in rivers, lakes and coastal waters that are affected by effluents from sewage treatment plants (stps). in this study, the biological effects and bioaccumulation of phacs were assessed in crucian carp (carassius auratus) caged in an effluent-receiving river for 21 days. compared with control fish in the laboratory and at a reference site, a significant reduction in hepatosomatic index (hsi) and increase in the biotransforma ...	2015	25406643
response of vitamins a, e, hematological and serum biochemical markers in crucian carp (carassius auratus gibelio) exposed to environmental pb(2+) and cd(2+).	toxicity of pb(2+) and cd(2+) is a widespread issue in the world; however, few studies have been conducted to understand their effect at environmentally realistic concentration in a mixture. in the present study, crucian carp was exposed to pb(2+) (30 µg·l(-1)), cd(2+) (100 µg·l(-1)) and their mixture (30+100 µg·l(-1)) for 96 h and 21 d period to assess changes in the liver and muscle vitamin a and e content, and hematological and serum biochemical parameters. the results indicated significant d ...	2015	26336655
induced all-female autotriploidy in the allotetraploids of carassius auratus red var. (♀) × megalobrama amblycephala (♂).	following activation by uv-irradiated bsb sperm, the fertilized eggs of tetraploid hybrids (abbreviated as 4nf1) (4n = 148, aabb) of carassius auratus red var. (abbreviated as rcc) (2n = 100, aa) (♀) × megalobrama amblycephala (abbreviated as bsb) (2n = 48, bb) (♂) developed into normal live gynogenetic offspring without chromosome doubling treatment. some of these were autotriploids with three sets of red crucian carp chromosomes (abbreviated as g1) (3n = 150, aaa). g1 were all-females, and can ...	2015	26242753
effects of dietary supplementation with astaxanthin and β-carotene on the semen quality of goldfish (carassius auratus).	this study was conducted to investigate the effects of two carotenoids (astaxanthin and β-carotene) on the sperm quality of goldfish carassius auratus (linnaeus, 1758). for this purpose, six diets containing concentrations of 50, 100, and 150 mg/kg of synthetic astaxanthin and β-carotene were added to a basic carp diet. one group of fish was also fed with a control diet (no added carotenoids). osmolality, spermatocrit value, and sperm concentration significantly increased in the treatment supple ...	2015	26166170
biological fate and effects of propranolol in an experimental aquatic food chain.	the aim of this study was to evaluate the trophic transfer of the β-blocker propranolol (prp) in an experimental aquatic food chain involving the green algae scenedesmus obliquus, the water flea daphnia magna and the crucian carp carassius auratus, as well as the metabolism and effects of prp in the liver of crucian carp. after a 48 h prp aqueous exposure for algae, with a subsequent 48 h dietary exposure for daphnia and an 8d dietary exposure for crucian carp, prp was observed in each trophic l ...	2015	26057722
expression characterization, genomic structure and function analysis of fish ubiquitin-specific protease 18 (usp18) genes.	in mammals, usp18 (ubiquitin-specific protease 18) is an interferon (ifn) inducible protein and plays a role in regulation of ifn response upon viral infection. in this study, we first cloned a usp18 homologous gene from virally-infected crucian carp (carassius auratus) blastula embryonic (cab) cells, and later found in other fish species including zebrafish. all fish usp18 genes have 10 exons and 9 introns comparable to 11 exons and 10 introns in non-fish vertebrates. expression analysis reveal ...	2015	25981749
body color development and genetic analysis of hybrid transparent crucian carp (carassius auratus).	the aim of this study was to investigate the genetic mechanism of the transparent trait in transparent crucian carp. we observed body color development in transparent crucian carp larvae and analyzed heredity of color in hybrids produced with red crucian carp, ornamental carp, and red purse carp. the results showed that the body color of the newly hatched larvae matured into the adult pattern at approximately 54 days post-hatching. two inter-species reciprocal crosses between transparent crucian ...	2015	25966213
behavioral and biochemical responses in freshwater fish carassius auratus exposed to sertraline.	sertraline is one of the most commonly prescribed selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and is frequently detected in the aquatic environment. however, knowledge regarding relationships among molecular or biochemical endpoints involved in modes of action (moas) of sertraline and ecologically important behavioral responses of fish is insufficient. the present study aimed to investigate the bioconcentration and possible adverse outcomes pathways (aops) in crucian carp (carassius auratus) exposed ...	2015	25950408
variations in temperature acclimation effects on glycogen storage, hypoxia tolerance and swimming performance with seasonal acclimatization in juvenile chinese crucian carp.	the aim of this study was to test whether temperature acclimation (10 vs 20 °c) effects on tissue glycogen content, hypoxia tolerance, and swimming performance of chinese crucian carp (carassius auratus) varied with seasonal acclimatization (winter vs spring) and potential combined interactions. both the routine metabolic rate (mo(2rout)) and critical oxygen tension (p(crit)) of the mo(2rout) increased significantly with temperature, whereas the seasonal acclimatization showed no significant eff ...	2015	25776929
distribution and accumulation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) in the food web of nansi lake, china.	the concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) were analyzed in water, sediment, and biota (aquatic plant, shrimp, and fish) of nansi lake by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (gc-ms). the concentrations of total pahs were 27.54-55.04 ng l(-1) in water, 80.31-639.23 ng g(-1) dry weight (dw) in sediments, 20.92-192.78 ng g(-1) dw in aquatic plants, and 67.3-533.9 ng g(-1) dw in fish and shrimp muscles. the ratios of phenanthrene to anthracene (ph/an), fluoranthene to pyrene (flu ...	2015	25762425
evaluation of the potential for trophic transfer of roxithromycin along an experimental food chain.	pharmaceuticals have been recognized as a new class of environmental pollutants in recent years. but data about their potential for transfer and biomagnification in aquatic food chains are still lacking. in this study, bioaccumulation of the macrolide antibiotic roxithromycin (rox) was determined in an experimental aquatic food chain involving the green algae scenedesmus obliquus, the water flea daphnia magna and the crucian carp carassius auratus. after 48 h of exposure, s. obliquus accumulated ...	2015	25739841
rapid genomic dna changes in allotetraploid fish hybrids.	rapid genomic change has been demonstrated in several allopolyploid plant systems; however, few studies focused on animals. we addressed this issue using an allotetraploid lineage (4nat) of freshwater fish originally derived from the interspecific hybridization of red crucian carp (carassius auratus red var., ♀, 2n=100) × common carp (cyprinus carpio l., ♂, 2n=100). we constructed a bacterial artificial chromosome (bac) library from allotetraploid hybrids in the 20th generation (f20) and sequenc ...	2015	25669608
reversible brain swelling in crucian carp (carassius carassius) and goldfish (carassius auratus) in response to high external ammonia and anoxia.	increased internal ammonia (hyperammonemia) and ischemic/anoxic insults are known to result in a cascade of deleterious events that can culminate in potentially fatal brain swelling in mammals. it is less clear, however, if the brains of fishes respond to ammonia in a similar manner. the present study demonstrated that the crucian carp (carassius carassius) was not only able to endure high environmental ammonia exposure (hea; 2 to 22 mmol l(-1)) but that they experienced 30% increases in brain w ...	2015	25582543
phenolic endocrine-disrupting chemicals and intersex in wild crucian carp from hun river, china.	this study investigated the concentrations of phenolic endocrine-disrupting chemicals (edcs) and the incidence of ovo-testis (intersex) in wild crucian carp (carassius carassius) sampled from the hun river. as expected, nonylphenols (np) and bisphenol a (bpa) were detected in all samples, and octylphenols (op) were found in most samples. np concentrations ranged from 1290 ± 584 to 3111 ± 2071 ng g(-1) wet weight (ww) in july and from 1132 ± 644 to 1556 ± 587 ng g(-1) ww in november; op ranged fr ...	2015	25465957
oxygen- and temperature-dependent expression of survival protein kinases in crucian carp (carassius carassius) heart and brain.	living without oxygen is limited to very few vertebrates, one species being the fresh water fish crucian carp (carassius carassius), which can survive months of anoxia at low temperatures. mammalian heart and brain are particularly intolerant to oxygen deprivation, yet these organs can be conditioned to display increased resistance, possibly due to activation of several protein kinases. we hypothesized increased phosphorylation status of these kinases in hypoxic and anoxic crucian carp heart and ...	2015	25377478
assessment of endosulfan induced genotoxicity and mutagenicity manifested by oxidative stress pathways in freshwater cyprinid fish crucian carp (carassius carassius l.).	over the past few decades, endosulfan, one of the polychlorinated pesticides still in use, has received considerable attention of a number of international regulations and restriction action plans worldwide. this study aimed to evaluate the cytogenetic effects of endosulfan using robust genotoxicity assays, along with the oxidative stress pathways in order to understand biochemical mechanism, in carassius carassius l. the lc50-96 h (95% confidence limits) value of endosulfan was 0.070 (0.046-0.0 ...	2015	25128633
mixed input to olfactory glomeruli from two subsets of ciliated sensory neurons does not impede relay neuron specificity in the crucian carp.	the consensus view of olfactory processing is that the axons of receptor-specific primary olfactory sensory neurons (osns) converge to a small subset of glomeruli, thus preserving the odour identity before the olfactory information is processed in higher brain centres. in the present study, we show that two different subsets of ciliated osns with different odorant specificities converge to the same glomeruli. in order to stain different ciliated osns in the crucian carp carassius carassius we us ...	2015	26347551
application of dopaminergic antagonist: metoclopramide, in reproduction of crucian carp carassius carassius (l.) under controlled conditions.	the effectiveness of ovopel (two pellets/kg body weight), a complex of [d-ala(6) pro(9)net-mgnrh] and dopamine antagonist (da e.g. metoclopramide, met), was compared with the application met alone at the dose of 20mg/kg body weight in spawning crucian carp carassius carassius (l.) in the present study. ovulation and spermation rates were greater after met application (90% and 100%, respectively) in comparison to the ovopel (80% and 87.5%, respectively) when used as a broodstock reproductive stim ...	2015	26254249
tissue distribution and whole body burden of the chlorinated polyfluoroalkyl ether sulfonic acid f-53b in crucian carp (carassius carassius): evidence for a highly bioaccumulative contaminant of emerging concern.	following the global actions to phase out perfluoroctanesulfonic acid (pfos) a large number of alternative per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, with poorly defined hazard properties, are being used in increasing quantities. here, we report on the first detection of the chlorinated polyfluoroalkyl ether sulfonic acid f-53b in biological samples and determine the tissue distribution and whole body bioaccumulation factors (bafwhole body) in crucian carp (carassius carassius). analysis of fish sampl ...	2015	26560673
hypoxia tolerance, nitric oxide, and nitrite: lessons from extreme animals.	among vertebrates able to tolerate periods of oxygen deprivation, the painted and red-eared slider turtles (chrysemys picta and trachemys scripta) and the crucian carp (carassius carassius) are the most extreme and can survive even months of total lack of oxygen during winter. the key to hypoxia survival resides in concerted physiological responses, including strong metabolic depression, protection against oxidative damage and-in air-breathing animals-redistribution of blood flow. each of these ...	2015	25729057
a reliable liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for simultaneous determination of multiple mycotoxins in fresh fish and dried seafoods.	a reliable liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (lc-ms/ms) method was developed for simultaneous determination of nine mycotoxins, i.e., aflatoxin b1 (afb1), aflatoxin b2 (afb2), aflatoxin g1 (afg1), aflatoxin g2 (afg2), ochratoxin a (ota), zearalenone (zen), t-2 toxin, ht2 toxin and deoxynivalenol (don), in fresh fish (muscle and entrails) as well as dried seafoods. special focus was given to sample pretreatment which is crucial for an accurate and reliable analytical method. with reg ...	2015	25711425
a comparative study of coi and 16 s rrna genes for dna barcoding of cultivable carps in india.	the 5' region of the mitochondrial dna gene cytochrome c oxidase subunit i (coi) is the standard marker for dna barcoding. however, 16 s rrna has also been advocated for dna barcoding in many animal species. herein, we directly compare the usefulness of coi and 16 s rrna in discriminating six cultivable carp species: labeo rohita, catla catla, cirrhinus mrigala, labeo fimbriatus, labeo bata and cirrhinus reba from india. analysis of partial sequences of these two gene fragments from 171 individu ...	2015	24047160
effects of starvation, re-feeding and timing of food supply on daily rhythm features of gut melatonin in carp (catla catla).	influences of starvation, re-feeding and time of food supply on daily rhythm features of melatonin (5-methoxy-n-acetyltryptamine) and its key regulator aanat (arylalkylamine n-acetyltransferase) protein in the gut tissues were separately evaluated in carp catla catla. the first experiment was aimed at demonstration of duration dependent effects of starvation and re-feeding after starvation on the daily profiles and rhythm features of gut melatonin and aanat. accordingly, juvenile carp were rando ...	2015	26513010
molecular and phylogenetic characterization of thelohanellus qadrii (myxozoa, myxosporea, bivalvulida) infecting the secondary gill epithelium of indian major carp, catla catla (hamilton, 1822).	myxosporean taxonomy which is traditionally based on the morphology of the myxospore stage, is in a state of flux given new insights provided by the expanding dataset of dna sequences. to date, more than 40 species of thelohanellus from india have been described according to morphometric characteristics. nevertheless, molecular data on these histozoic myxosporean parasites of freshwater fish are scarce. in the present study, molecular characterizations of thelohanellus qadrii infecting the secon ...	2015	27844000
modulation of tlr2, tlr4, tlr5, nod1 and nod2 receptor gene expressions and their downstream signaling molecules following thermal stress in the indian major carp catla (catla catla).	toll-like receptors (tlrs) and nucleotide binding and oligomerization domain (nod) receptors are pattern recognition receptors (prrs) that recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (pamps) and play crucial role in innate immunity. in addition to pamps, prrs recognize endogenous molecules released from damaged tissue or dead cells [damage-associated molecular patterns (damps)] and activate signaling cascades to induce inflammatory processes. in the aquatic environment, large variation in s ...	2015	28324409
meiosis completion and various sperm responses lead to unisexual and sexual reproduction modes in one clone of polyploid carassius gibelio.	unisexual polyploid vertebrates are commonly known to reproduce by gynogenesis, parthenogenesis, or hybridogenesis. one clone of polyploid carassius gibelio has been revealed to possess multiple modes of unisexual gynogenesis and sexual reproduction, but the cytological and developmental mechanisms have remained unknown. in this study, normal meiosis completion was firstly confirmed by spindle co-localization of β-tubulin and spindlin. moreover, three types of various nuclear events and developm ...	2015	26042995
bioaccumulative characteristics of tetrabromobisphenol a and hexabromocyclododecanes in multi-tissues of prey and predator fish from an e-waste site, south china.	tetrabromobisphenol a (tbbpa) and hexabromocyclododecanes (hbcds) were analyzed in 12 tissues of prey (mud carp) and predator (northern snakehead) fish from an e-waste area, south china. the tbbpa concentrations in different tissues ranged from 0.03 to 2.85 ng/g wet weight (ww) in mud carp and 0.04 to 1.30 ng/g ww in northern snakehead. the concentrations of hbcds ranged from 0.07 to 96.9 ng/g ww in mud carp and 0.18 to 240 ng/g ww in northern snakehead. hbcd levels in tissues were correlated wi ...	2015	25874430
proteomic changes in the brain of the western painted turtle (chrysemys picta bellii) during exposure to anoxia.	during anoxia, overall protein synthesis is almost undetectable in the brain of the western painted turtle. the aim of this investigation was to address the question of whether there are alterations to specific proteins by comparing the normoxic and anoxic brain proteomes. reductions in creatine kinase, hexokinase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, and pyruvate kinase reflected the reduced production of adenosine triphosphate (atp) during anoxia while the reduction in transitional endopl ...	2015	25583675
genetic differentiation in indian major carp, cirrhinus mrigala (hamilton, 1822) from indian rivers, as revealed by direct sequencing analysis of mitochondrial cytochrome b region.	a 307 bp segment of cytochrome b gene of mtdna was sequenced and analyzed for 90 individuals of cirrhinus mrigala collected across the three rivers, namely ganges, narmada and brahmaputra. analyses revealed the presence of 14 haplotypes with haplotype diversity (h) ranging from 0.304 to 0.692, and nucleotide diversity (π) 0.002-0.043. the majority of variation was found within the population (96.21%), and the fst value (0.035) as well as the value of exact test of population differentiation (0.8 ...	2015	25909754
trypsin from the digestive system of carp cirrhinus mrigala: purification, characterization and its potential application.	trypsin was purified 35.64-fold with 4.97% recovery from the viscera of carp cirrhinus mrigala (mrigal) by ammonium sulfate precipitation, ion exchange and affinity chromatography. the purified enzyme was active at a wide range of ph (7.0-9.2) and temperature (10-50°c). the purified enzyme exhibited high thermal stability up to 50°c for 1h. the enzyme activity was stabilized by ca(+2) (2mm) up to 7h at 40°c. the km and kcat values of purified enzyme were 0.0672 mm and 92.09/s/mm, respectively. s ...	2015	25577096
molecular phylogeny of myxobolus orissae (myxosporea: myxobolidae) infecting the gill lamellae of mrigal carp cirrhinus mrigala (actinopterygii: cyprinidae).	myxosporeans are best known for the diseases they cause in commercially important fish species. identification of myxosporeans at the species-level is mainly based on conventional methods. the 18s rrna gene sequence of morphologically identified myxobolus orissae infecting the gill lamellae of mrigal carp cirrhinus mrigala was characterized in the present study. the plasmodia of m.orissae were small, elongated and white to pale in colour. phylogenetically, the 18s rdna nucleotide sequence of m.o ...	2015	27843992
description of a new species of myxobolus butschli, 1882 from the cirrhinus mrigala hamilton, 1822 an edible fish of india.	myxobolus bütschli 1882 is an important group of parasitic protozoa infecting a large number of freshwater fish species worldwide. the severity of myxobolus infection leads to heavy loss in production of fishes. during the survey of the fish parasites, a new species of the genus myxobolus have been isolated from the gills of a freshwater edible fish cirrhinus mrigala hamilton, 1822 from canning, south 24 parganas, west bengal, india which has been described here.	2015	26345052
the phylogenetic position of myxoboluscarnaticus (myxozoa, myxosporea, bivalvulida) infecting gill lamellae of cirrhinus mrigala (hamilton, 1822) based on 18s rrna sequence analysis.	myxozoans are an economically important group of microscopic parasites best known for the diseases they cause in commercially important fish hosts. the classification of myxosporeans is generally based on the morphology of their myxospores. without molecular data, it is very difficult to identify new or existing species. dna sequence information is therefore, a prerequisite to taxonomic and phylogenic studies of myxosporeans. in the present study, a myxozoan parasite, myxobolus carnaticus, infec ...	2015	27844004
morphological and molecular characterization of henneguya bicaudi n. sp. (myxosporea: myxobolidae) infecting gills of cirrhinus mrigala (ham.) in harike wetland, punjab (india).	in the present study, henneguya bicaudi n. sp. infecting gills of cirrhinus mrigala (ham.) an indian major carp from harike wetland in punjab, india, has been described on the basis of myxospore morphology and partial amplification of the ssu rrna gene. the pseudocysts of h. bicaudi n. sp. were located within the gill filament, whitish with round to irregular outer margin and 0.5-0.7 mm in diameter, 3-4 pseudocysts each containing about 50-100 myxospores were detected per gill. mature myxospores ...	2015	26239799
stock assessment of fishery target species in lake koka, ethiopia.	effective management is essential for small-scale fisheries to continue providing food and livelihoods for households, particularly in developing countries where other options are often limited. studies on the population dynamics and stock assessment on fishery target species are thus imperative to sustain their fisheries and the benefits for the society. in lake koka (ethiopia), very little is known about the vital population parameters and exploitation status of the fishery target species: til ...	2015	26666131
pierisins and carp-1: adp-ribosylation of dna by artcs in butterflies and shellfish.	the cabbage butterfly, pieris rapae, and related species possess a previously unknown adp-ribosylating toxin, guanine specific adp-ribosyltransferase. this enzyme toxin, known as pierisin, consists of enzymatic n-terminal domain and receptor-binding c-terminal domain, or typical ab-toxin structure. pierisin efficiently transfers an adp-ribosyl moiety to the n(2) position of the guanine base of dsdna. receptors for pierisin are suggested to be the neutral glycosphingolipids, globotriaosylceramide ...	2015	25033755
a cd46-like molecule functional in teleost fish represents an ancestral form of membrane-bound regulators of complement activation.	in the complement system, the regulators of complement activation (rca) play crucial roles in controlling excessive complement activation and in protecting host cell from misdirected attack of complement. several members of rca family have been cloned from cyclostome and bony fish species and classified into soluble and membrane-bound type as in mammalian rca factors. complement-regulatory functions have been described only for soluble rca of lamprey and barred sand bass; however, little is know ...	2015	25452563
impact of acute cd²⁺ exposure on the antioxidant defence systems in the skin and red blood cells of common carp (cyprinus carpio).	cd(2+)-induced oxidative stress and its effects on the expression of stress biomarkers and on macromolecule damage in the skin and blood of common carp were studied. both tissues play important roles in the defence mechanisms against external hazards, serving as an anatomical barrier and as connecting tissue between the organs. in the skin, the production of peroxynitrite anion and hydrogen peroxide was almost doubled after exposure to 10 mg/l cd(2+). the accumulation of these oxidant molecules ...	2015	25471726
temperature effects on the fracture resistance of scales from cyprinus carpio.	in this investigation the fracture resistance of scales from cyprinus carpio was evaluated as a function of environmental temperature. tear specimens were prepared from scales obtained from three characteristic regions (i.e. head, mid-length and tail) of multiple fish. the fracture resistance was characterized in mode iii loading and over temperatures ranging from -150°c to 21°c. results showed that there was a significant reduction in tear resistance with decreasing temperature and the lowest r ...	2015	25481741
hepatoprotective effects of a chinese herbal formulation, yingchen decoction, on olaquindox-induced hepatopancreas injury in jian carp (cyprinus carpio var. jian).	in order to identify effective hepatoprotective herbs for clinical application in fish farming, 200 mg/kg olaquindox (ola) was added to a basal diet (group 1, control) to form ola diet (group 2), then 1.35, 2.7 and 5.4 % (w/w) of a chinese herbal formulation, yingchen decoction (ycd), were added to the ola diet to form three additional diets for groups 3, 4 and 5, respectively. a total of 375 juvenile jian carp (cyprinus carpio var. jian) (52.12 ± 2.95 g/tail) were divided into five groups (trip ...	2015	25477196
g-protein coupled estrogen receptor (gper) inhibits final oocyte maturation in common carp, cyprinus carpio.	gpr-30, now named as gper (g protein-coupled estrogen receptor) was first identified as an orphan receptor and subsequently shown to be required for estrogen-mediated signaling in certain cancer cells. later studies demonstrated that gper has the characteristics of a high affinity estrogen membrane receptor on atlantic croaker and zebra fish oocytes and mediates estrogen inhibition of oocyte maturation in these two distantly related teleost. to determine the broad application of these findings t ...	2015	25485460
atrazine and chlorpyrifos exposure induces liver autophagic response in common carp.	under normal conditions, autophagy occurs at basal levels but can be induced rapidly in response to stress conditions and extracellular signals. increasing experimental evidence indicates that the expression of autophagy-related genes play very important roles in toxicology. atrazine (atr) and chlorpyrifos (cpf) are the most common agrochemical in the freshwater ecosystems of the world. this study assessed the effects of atr, cpf and combined atr/cpf exposure on the liver of common carp. carp we ...	2015	25483372
distribution and bioaccumulation of lead in the coastal watersheds of the northern bohai and yellow seas in china.	in this study, the concentration of lead ([pb]) in the surface water, sediments, soils and muscles of carp and crab in the upstream and downstream coastal watersheds along the northern bohai and yellow seas (nbys) in china was investigated and the risks of pb were evaluated. the mean [pb] in the downstream water (2.62 μg/l) and sediments [24.5 mg/kg, dry mass (dm)] was greater than the chinese seawater quality standard for class i (1 μg/l) and the regional background soil concentration (11.5 mg ...	2015	25503512
a novel posavirus-related single-stranded rna virus from fish (cyprinus carpio).	the complete genome sequence of a novel +ssrna virus, provisionally named fisavirus 1 (strain hal1/fisa-ssrnav, km434233), identified from a freshwater carp (cyprinus carpio), was determined using viral metagenomics and rt-pcr. the 8712-nt-long genome of hal1/fisa-ssrnav shares the same genome organization (i.e., a potential single orf and n-terminal hel-pro-pol replication domains followed by the structural proteins) and distant phylogenetic relationship to the currently unclassified posaviruse ...	2015	25488292
localization of α-synuclein in teleost central nervous system: immunohistochemical and western blot evidence by 3d5 monoclonal antibody in the common carp, cyprinus carpio.	alpha synuclein (α-syn) is a 140 amino acid vertebrate-specific protein, highly expressed in the human nervous system and abnormally accumulated in parkinson's disease and other neurodegenerative disorders, known as synucleinopathies. the common occurrence of α-syn aggregates suggested a role for α-syn in these disorders, although its biological activity remains poorly understood. given the high degree of sequence similarity between vertebrate α-syns, we investigated this proteins in the central ...	2015	25488013
molecular characterization and expression of three preprosomatostatin genes and their association with growth in common carp (cyprinus carpio).	somatostatins (sss) are a structurally diverse family of peptides that play important roles in the regulation of growth, development and metabolism in vertebrates. in this study, three preprosomatostatin genes (psss) in the common carp, cyprinus carpio (cc) were identified and characterized. based on cloned sequences and genome blast, six isoforms of the pss gene in c. carpio (ccpss) were identified and included ccpss1a and ccpss1b, ccpss2a and ccpss2b, and finally, ccpss3a and ccpss3b. the open ...	2015	25536408
rdh13l, an enzyme responsible for the aldehyde-alcohol redox coupling reaction (al-ol coupling reaction) to supply 11-cis retinal in the carp cone retinoid cycle.	cone photoreceptors require effective pigment regeneration mechanisms to maintain their sensitivity in the light. our previous studies in carp cones suggested the presence of an unconventional and very effective mechanism to produce 11-cis retinal, the necessary component in pigment regeneration. in this reaction (aldehyde-alcohol redox coupling reaction, al-ol coupling reaction), formation of 11-cis retinal, i.e. oxidation of 11-cis retinol is coupled to reduction of an aldehyde at a 1:1 molar ...	2015	25533474
the compression anastomotic ring-locking procedure: a novel technique for creating a sutureless colonic anastomosis.	compression anastomoses might represent an improvement over traditional hand-sewn or stapled techniques. herein, we describe a novel concept of sutureless colonic anastomosis named compression anastomotic ring-locking procedure (carp).	2015	25531546
assessment of oxidative damage to dna, transcriptional expression of key genes, lipid peroxidation and histopathological changes in carp cyprinus carpio l. following exposure to chronic hypoxic and subsequent recovery in normoxic conditions.	in fish, a complex set of mechanisms deal with environmental stresses including hypoxia. in order to probe the hypothesis that hypoxia-induced stress could be manifested in varieties of pathways, a model species, mirror carp (cyprinus carpio), were chronically exposed to hypoxic condition (dissolved oxygen level: 1.80 ± 0.6 mg/l) for 21 days and subsequently allowed to recover under normoxic condition (dissolved oxygen level: 8.2 ± 0.5 mg/l) for 7 days. at the end of these exposure periods, an i ...	2015	25527733
short and long-term exposure to diclofenac alter oxidative stress status in common carp cyprinus carpio.	diclofenac (dcf) has been detected in significant amounts in municipal treated wastewater effluent. diverse studies report that trace concentrations of dcf may induce toxic effects on different aquatic organisms as well as developmental, reproductive and renal damage. this study aimed to determine whether short and long-term exposure to dcf alter the oxidative stress (os) status in blood, muscle, gills, brain and liver of common carp cyprinus carpio. the median lethal concentration of dcf at 96 ...	2015	25512029
overexpression of ankyrin repeat domain 1 enhances cardiomyocyte apoptosis by promoting p53 activation and mitochondrial dysfunction in rodents.	the ankrd1 (ankyrin repeat domain 1) gene is known to be up-regulated in heart failure and acts as a co-activator of p53, modulating its transcriptional activity, but it remains inconclusive whether this gene promotes or inhibits cell apoptosis. in the present study, we attempted to investigate the role of ankrd1 on angii (angiotensin ii)- or pressure-overload-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis. in the failing hearts of mice with pressure overload, the protein expression of ankrd1-encoded carp (car ...	2015	25511237
effects of curcumin on antioxidative activities and cytokine production in jian carp (cyprinus carpio var. jian) with ccl4-induced liver damage.	we investigated the protective effects of curcumin on liver-damaged cyprinus carpio var. jian (jian carp). the carp were fed 0.1%, 0.5%, or 1.0% curcumin for 60 days, then injected intraperitoneally with 30% carbon tetrachloride solution. liver and blood samples were collected to measure the liver index, serum- and liver-associated enzymes, liver histology, nuclear factor-κb (nf-κb)/c-rel, interleukin-1β (il-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (tnf-α), and il-12 mrna expression, and the level of nf-κb/ ...	2015	25549934
kinematics modeling and simulation of a bionic fish tail system based on linear hypocycloid.	kinematics and simulation study on a two-joint linear hypocycloid tail driving system composed of a special planetary gear system and a linkage mechanism are conducted in this paper. first, the composition and working principle of the linear hypocycloid tail transmission system are introduced and analyzed. second, the kinematics study on the transmission mechanism is conducted with graphical method of vector equation. the relationships between the caudal peduncle stroke, the tail fin swing angle ...	2015	27065747