Publications

aquatic degradation of cry1ab protein and decomposition dynamics of transgenic corn leaves under controlled conditions.	the increasing cultivation of genetically modified corn plants (zea mays) during the last decades is suggested as a potential risk to the environment. one of these genetically modified variety expressed the insecticidal cry1ab protein originating from bacillus thuringiensis (bt), resulting in resistance against ostrinia nubilalis, the european corn borer. transgenic litter material is extensively studied regarding the decomposition in soils. however, only a few field studies analyzed the fate of ...	2015	25553417
asiatic cotton can generate similar economic benefits to bt cotton under rainfed conditions.	american cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.), transformed with bacillus thuringiensis cry genes (bt g. hirsutum) that confer resistance to lepidopteran pests, is extensively cultivated worldwide. in india, transgenic bt g. hirsutum was commercially released in 2002 and by 2014 95% of farmers had adopted bt g. hirsutum(1). the economic benefits of bt g. hirsutum over non-bt g. hirsutum are well documented and include increase in yields, increase in farmers' net revenue and reduction in pesticide appli ...	2015	27250007
efficacy of an alphabaculovirus-based biological insecticide for control of chrysodeixis chalcites (lepidoptera: noctuidae) on tomato and banana crops.	chrysodeixis chalcites (esper) is a major pest of tomato in mediterranean countries and attacks banana in the canary islands (spain). the efficacy of chrysodeixis chalcites single nucleopolyhedrovirus (chchsnpv-tf1) was evaluated in plant growth chambers and greenhouse trials performed on tomato and banana plants respectively. treatments were applied using a compressed air sprayer.	2015	25534715
identification of micrornas by small rna deep sequencing for synthetic microrna mimics to control spodoptera exigua.	beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua, is a major pest of cotton around the world. with the increase of resistance to bacillus thuringiensis (bt) toxin in transgenic cotton plants, there is a need to develop an alternative control approach that can be used in combination with bt transgenic crops as part of resistance management strategies. micrornas (mirnas), a non-coding small rna family (18-25 nt), play crucial roles in various biological processes and over-expression of mirnas has been shown to in ...	2015	25528266
identification of a new cry1i-type gene as a candidate for gene pyramiding in corn to control ostrinia species larvae.	pyramiding of diverse cry toxin genes from bacillus thuringiensis with different modes of action is a desirable strategy to delay the evolution of resistance in the european corn borer (ostrinia nubilalis). considering the dependency of susceptibility to cry toxins on toxin binding to receptors in the midgut of target pests, a diverse mode of action is commonly defined as recognition of unique binding sites in the target insect. in this study, we present a novel cry1ie toxin gene (cry1ie2) as a ...	2015	25795679
fitness costs of cry1f resistance in two populations of fall armyworm, spodoptera frugiperda (j.e. smith), collected from puerto rico and florida.	the development of resistance in target pest populations is a threat to the sustainability of transgenic crops expressing bacillus thuringiensis (bt) proteins. fall armyworm, spodoptera frugiperda (j.e. smith), is a major target pest of bt maize in north and south america. this insect is the first target pest that has developed field resistance to bt maize at multiple locations in these regions. the objective of this study was to assess the fitness costs associated with the cry1f resistance in t ...	2015	25791021
bacterial melanin promotes recovery after sciatic nerve injury in rats.	bacterial melanin, obtained from the mutant strain of bacillus thuringiensis, has been shown to promote recovery after central nervous system injury. it is hypothesized, in this study, that bacterial melanin can promote structural and functional recovery after peripheral nerve injury. rats subjected to sciatic nerve transection were intramuscularly administered bacterial melanin. the sciatic nerve transected rats that did not receive intramuscular administration of bacterial melanin served as co ...	2015	25788932
potential of plant growth promoting traits by bacteria isolated from heavy metal contaminated soils.	rhizobacteria can enhance biomass production and heavy metal tolerance of plants under the stress environment. the aim of this study was to collect soil samples from different industrial sites followed by their heavy metal analysis. after performing the icp-aes analysis of soil samples from seven different sites, bacterial strains were isolated from the soil samples of most polluted (heavy metal) site. phylogenetic analysis of isolates based on 16s rdna sequences showed that the isolates belonge ...	2015	25782590
comparative analysis of genomics and proteomics in bacillus thuringiensis 4.0718.	bacillus thuringiensis is a widely used biopesticide that produced various insecticidal active substances during its life cycle. separation and purification of numerous insecticide active substances have been difficult because of the relatively short half-life of such substances. on the other hand, substances can be synthetized at different times during development, so samples at different stages have to be studied, further complicating the analysis. a dual genomic and proteomic approach would e ...	2015	25781161
establishment and characterization of a novel cell line from midgut tissue of helicoverpa armigera (lepidoptera: noctuidae).	the midgut of lepidopteran larvae serves as a target for many pathogens such as bacillus thuringiensis (bt). cell lines originating from midgut tissues will be very helpful tools in many research fields. however, to date, no bt-susceptible midgut-derived cell lines are available. here, we reported that a novel cell line, designated as hnu-ha-mg1, was established from midgut tissue of the fourth instar larvae of helicoverpa armigera. this cell line grew well in grace's insect cell culture medium ...	2015	25678461
evaluation of biostimulation and tween 80 addition for the bioremediation of long-term ddt-contaminated soil.	the bioremediation of a long-term contaminated soil through biostimulation and surfactant addition was evaluated. the concentrations of 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl) ethane (ddt) and its metabolites 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl) ethane (ddd) and 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl) ethylene (dde) were monitored during an 8-week remediation process. physicochemical characterization of the treated soil was performed before and after the bioremediation process. the isolation and id ...	2015	25662244
endogenous expression of a bt toxin receptor in the cry1ac-susceptible insect cell line and its synergistic effect with cadherin on cytotoxicity of activated cry1ac.	although many insect cell lines derived from various tissues are available, it is unclear whether endogenous receptors of bacillus thuringiensis (bt) crystal toxins are expressed in these cell lines. in the present study, we demonstrated that the ovaries-derived spodoptera litura sl-hp cell line was susceptible to activated cry1ac although larvae of s. litura are not susceptible to the toxin. assays of the transcriptome revealed that thirteen atp-binding cassette transporter genes (abc) were exp ...	2015	25662100
the expression and crystallization of cry65aa require two c-termini, revealing a novel evolutionary strategy of bacillus thuringiensis cry proteins.	the insecticidal crystal protein (cry) genes of bacillus thuringiensis are a key gene resource for generating transgenic crops with pest resistance. however, many cry genes cannot be expressed or form crystals in mother cells. here, we report a novel cry protein gene, cry65aa1, which exists in an operon that contains a downstream gene encoding a hypothetical protein orf2. we demonstrated that orf2 is required for cry65aa1 expression and crystallization by function as a c-terminal crystallization ...	2015	25656389
rotary-based platform with disposable fluidic modules for automated isolation of nucleic acids.	we describe the development and evaluation of a rotary-based platform with multiple disposable fluidic modules for simultaneous automatic nucleic acid (na) isolation from up to 24 biological samples. the procedure is performed inside insulated individual disposable modules, which minimizes both the risk of infection of personnel and laboratory cross-contamination. each module is a segment of a circular cylinder containing a leak-proof inlet port for sample input, reservoirs with lyophilized chem ...	2015	25653066
overlapping and unique signatures in the proteomic and transcriptomic responses of the nematode caenorhabditis elegans toward pathogenic bacillus thuringiensis.	pathogen infection can activate multiple signaling cascades that ultimately alter the abundance of molecules in cells. this change can be measured both at the transcript and protein level. studies analyzing the immune response at both levels are, however, rare. here, we compare transcriptome and proteome data generated after infection of the nematode and model organism caenorhabditis elegans with the gram-positive pathogen bacillus thuringiensis. our analysis revealed a high overlap between abun ...	2015	25720978
the distribution pattern of dna and protoxin in bacillus thuringiensis as revealed by laser confocal microscopy analysis.	it was reported that the parasporal crystal from bacillus thuringiensis contained dna fragments. to investigate the distribution of protoxin and dna in b. thuringiensis cells at different growth stages, a cry1ac-gfp fusion gene was constructed and expressed in an acrystalliferous b. thuringiensis strain, in which the localization of dna and protoxin were indicated by dna-specific dye and green fluorescent protein, respectively. when the recombinant cells were at the vegetative growth stage, the ...	2015	25715783
maintenance of residual activity of bt toxin by using natural and synthetic dyes: a novel approach for sustainable mosquito vector control.	mosquito control protein from bacillus thuringiensis gets inactivated with exposure to sunlight. to address this issue, the potential of synthetic and natural dye was investigated as sunlight protectants. bt sv2 in absence of dyes when exposed to sunlight showed reduced effectiveness against the fourth instars of mosquito larvae. whereas acriflavin, congo red and violacein were able to maintain 86.4%, 91.6% and 82.2% mosquito larvicidal efficacy of bt sv2 against ivth instars larvae of anopheles ...	2015	25699646
identification of bacillus thuringiensis cry3aa toxin domain ii loop 1 as the binding site of tenebrio molitor cadherin repeat cr12.	bacillus thuringiensis cry toxins exert their toxic effect by specific recognition of larval midgut proteins leading to oligomerization of the toxin, membrane insertion and pore formation. the exposed domain ii loop regions of cry toxins have been shown to be involved in receptor binding. insect cadherins have shown to be functionally involved in toxin binding facilitating toxin oligomerization. here, we isolated a vhh (vhha5) antibody by phage display that binds cry3aa loop 1 and competed with ...	2015	25698611
functional assembly of 260-kda oligomers required for mosquito-larvicidal activity of the bacillus thuringiensis cry4ba toxin.	oligomerization has been shown to contribute to the toxicity of bacillus thuringiensis cry toxins. mutations have been made in the cry4ba toxin and resulted in toxic to non-toxic mutants toward aedes aegypti larvae. in this study, cry4ba wild type and mutants were analyzed for oligomer formation in vitro, biochemical properties and their relationships with larvicidal activity. in vitro, the cry4ba forms two-main types of the oligomers including (1) the 260-kda and larger oligomers, which assembl ...	2015	25687547
dark fermentative bioconversion of glycerol to hydrogen by bacillus thuringiensis.	biodiesel manufacturing units discharge effluents rich in glycerol. the need is to convert crude glycerol (cg) into useful products such as hydrogen (h2). under batch culture, bacillusthuringiensis egu45 adapted on pure glycerol (pg, 2% v/v) resulted in an h2 yield of 0.646 mol/mol glycerol consumed on minimal media (250 ml) supplemented with 1% ammonium nitrate at 37°c over 4 days. here, h2 constituted 67% of the total biogas. under continuous culture, at 2 days of hydraulic retention time, b. ...	2015	25686722
tribolium castaneum immune defense genes are differentially expressed in response to bacillus thuringiensis toxins sharing common receptor molecules and exhibiting disparate toxicity.	in tribolium castaneum larvae we have demonstrated by rna interference knockdown that the bacillus thuringiensis cry3ba toxin receptors cadherin-like and sodium solute symporter proteins are also functional receptors of the less active cry3aa toxin. differences in susceptibility to b. thuringiensis infection might not only rely on toxin-receptor interaction but also on host defense mechanisms. we compared the expression of the immune related genes encoding apolipophorin-iii and two antimicrobial ...	2015	25684675
susceptibility of agrotis segetum (noctuidae) to bacillus thuringiensis and analysis of midgut proteinases.	seventy-eight bacillus thuringiensis isolates were selected for a screening against the lepidoptera species agrotis segetum to search the higher insecticidal activity. in a preliminary bioassay, the spore-crystal mixture of 78 b. thuringiensis isolates was tested against l1 larvae of a. segetum. fifty-two isolates had more than 60% corrected mortality after 3 days. seven isolates caused a corrected mortality of 100% on a. segetum. twelve isolates were selected for a second bioassay investigating ...	2015	24839868
genomic sequencing identifies novel bacillus thuringiensis vip1/vip2 binary and cry8 toxins that have high toxicity to scarabaeoidea larvae.	the bacillus thuringiensis strain hbf-18 (cgmcc 2070), which has previously been shown to encode the cry8ga toxin gene, is active against both holotrichia oblita and holotrichia parallela. recombinant cry8ga however is only weakly toxic to these insect pests suggesting the involvement of additional toxins in the native strain. we report that through the use of illumina sequencing three additional, and novel, genes, namely vip1ad1, vip2ag1, and cry8-like, were identified in this strain. although ...	2015	25081556
specific detection of the floodwater mosquitoes aedes sticticus and aedes vexans dna in predatory diving beetles.	floodwater mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) are associated with periodically flooded wet meadows, marshes, and swamps in floodplains of major rivers worldwide, and their larvae are abundant in the shallow parts of flooded areas. the nuisance caused by the blood-seeking adult female mosquitoes motivates mosquito control. larviciding with bacillus thuringiensis israelensis is considered the most environmentally safe method. however, some concern has been raised whether aquatic predatory insects cou ...	2015	24895318
susceptibility to bt proteins is not required for agrotis ipsilon aversion to bt maize.	although bacillus thuringiensis (bt) maize has been widely adopted in diverse regions around the world, relatively little is known about the susceptibility and behavioral response of certain insect pests to bt maize in countries where this maize is not currently cultivated. these are important factors to consider as management plans are developed. these factors were investigated for agrotis ipsilon, a global pest of maize, with cry1f and cry34ab1/cry35ab1 maize.	2015	25186105
fitness costs of reproductive capacity and ovarian development in a bt-resistant strain of the cotton bollworm helicoverpa armigera (hübner) (lepidoptera: noctuidae).	the cotton bollworm helicoverpa armigera has developed resistance to the insecticidal cry1ac toxins produced by bacillus thuringiensis (bt) in china. to gain a better understanding of the fitness cost associated with resistance evolution, reproductive capacities and ovarian development were examined in four strains of h. armigera: a cry1ac-susceptible strain (96s); a cry1ac-resistant strain fed on an artificial diet with cry1ac toxin for 135 generations (btr); two strains derived from btr: a str ...	2015	25186022
heterologous expression of the antifungal β-chitin binding protein cbp24 from bacillus thuringiensis and its synergistic action with bacterial chitinases.	the genome sequence analysis of bacillus thuringiensis serovar konkukian s4 has shown to contain two chitinases (chi74, chi39) and two chitin-binding proteins (cbp50 and cbp24). the chi74, chi39 and cbp50 have been characterized previously. the chitin-binding protein cbp24 was cloned and heterologously expressed in escherichia coli. the recombinant protein was purified using a ni-nta purification system. the purified protein was used to study its substrate binding activity using crystalline chit ...	2015	25182053
function of global regulator cody in bacillus thuringiensis bmb171 by comparative proteomic analysis.	cody is a highly conserved protein in low g+c gram-positive bacteria that regulates genes involved in sporulation and stationary-phase adaptation. bacillus thuringiensis is a grampositive bacterium that forms spores and parasporal crystals during the stationary phase. to our knowledge, the regulatory mechanism of cody in b. thuringiensis is unknown. to study the function of cody protein in b. thuringiensis, bmb171cody(-) was constructed in a bmb171 strain. a shuttle vector containing the orf of ...	2015	25223328
bacillus thuringiensis cry1abmod toxin counters tolerance associated with low cadherin expression but not that associated with low alkaline phosphatase expression in manduca sexta.	to exert their toxic effect, bacillus thuringiensis cry1ab toxin undergoes a sequential binding mechanism with different larval gut proteins including glycosyl-phosphatidyl-inositol anchored proteins like aminopeptidase-n (apn) or alkaline-phosphatase (alp) and a transmembrane cadherin to form pre-pore structures that insert into the membrane. cadherin binding induces oligomerization of the toxin by facilitating removal of the n-terminal region, while apn/alp binding helps in oligomer membrane i ...	2015	25239508
bio-insecticide bacillus thuringiensis spores encapsulated with amaranth derivatized starches: studies on the propagation "in vitro".	bacillus thuringiensis (bt) is one of the bioinsecticides used worldwide due to its specific toxicity against target pests in their larval stage. despite this advantage, its use is limited because of their short persistence in field when exposed to ultra violet light and changing environmental conditions. in this work, microencapsulation has been evaluated as a promising method to improve bt activity. the objective of this study was to develop and characterize native and modified amaranth starch ...	2015	25168123
variability of bacillus thuringiensis strains by eric-pcr and biofilm formation.	bacillus thuringiensis (bt) is a soil-dwelling bacterium of great interest for agronomical research because of its use as biological pesticide. there are some limitations regarding the subspecies classification. phenotyping and genotyping studies are important to ascertain its variability. the diversity of 40 environmental strains, isolated from different regions in mexico, was analyzed by eric-pcr and the ability of biofilm formation. thirty-nine different fingerprinting patterns revealed enoug ...	2015	25129641
responses of 9 lepidopteran species to bacillus thuringiensis: how useful is phylogenetic relatedness for selecting surrogate species for nontarget arthropod risk assessment?	to evaluate phylogenetic relatedness as a proxy for susceptibility to bacillus thuringiensis (bt) when selecting species to act as surrogates for others in prerelease testing, we examined the responses of 11 laboratory-reared lepidopteran colonies, comprising members of 2 families, 5 genera, and 9 species, to a commercial bt preparation. survival, pupal mass, and timing of pupation and adult emergence of 2 noctuids (spodoptera litura and helicoverpa armigera) and 7 tortricids (cnephasia jactatan ...	2015	25111652
baseline sensitivity of maize borers in india to the bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal proteins cry1a.105 and cry2ab2.	among the major pests of maize in india are two stem borers, chilo partellus (swinhoe) and sesamia inferens (walker), and an earworm, helicoverpa armigera (hübner). as a pest control strategy, transgenic bacillus thuringiensis (bt) maize hybrids are undergoing regulatory trials in india. we have determined the sensitivity of the target lepidopterans to the insecticidal bt proteins expressed in bt maize, as this determines product efficacy and the resistance management strategy to be adopted. mai ...	2015	25143318
[purification and physicochemical properties of bacillus thuringiensis imb b-7324 peptidase with elastolytic and fibrinolytic activity].	the scheme of isolation and purification of bacillus thuringiensis imv b-7324 peptidase has been developed. this scheme includes ammonium sulfate precipitation and chromatography on neutral and charged tsk-gels. it was found that the enzyme hydrolyzes elastin and fibrin. the molecular weight is 26 kda. it was shown that the enzyme is an alkaline serine peptidase. the optimal ph of hydrolysis of elastin and fibrin were 9.0 and 10.0, respectively. the optimal temperature of elastin and fibrin hydr ...	2015	23387266
bt rice evaluation and deployment strategies.	bacillus thuringiensis (bt), a gram positive soil bacteria was first identified and named by japanese microbiologist shigetane ishiwata in 1901. during sporulation bt produces proteinaceous parasporal crystal proteins called δ-endotoxins, or cry proteins, which are insecticidal. numerous cry proteins have been isolated and characterized from different bt strains with activity against insects, mites and nematodes. sprayable formulations containing these cry proteins as active ingredients have con ...	2015	22233571
excavating abiotic stress-related gene resources of terrestrial macroscopic cyanobacteria for crop genetic engineering: dawn and challenge.	genetically engineered (ge) crops with resistance to environmental stresses are one of the most important solutions for future food security. numerous genes associated to plant stress resistance have been identified and characterized. however, the current reality is that only a few transgenic crops expressing prokaryotic genes are successfully applied in field conditions. these few prokaryotic genes include agrobacterium strain cp4 epsps gene, bacillus thuringiensis cry1ab gene and a bacterial c ...	2015	26418632
bacteriocins from the rhizosphere microbiome - from an agriculture perspective.	bacteria produce and excrete a versatile and dynamic suit of compounds to defend against microbial competitors and mediate local population dynamics. these include a wide range of broad-spectrum non-ribosomally synthesized antibiotics, lytic enzymes, metabolic by-products, proteinaceous exotoxins, and ribosomally produced antimicrobial peptides (bacteriocins). most bacteria produce at least one bacteriocin. bacteriocins are of interest in the food industry as natural preservatives and in the pro ...	2015	26579159
three novel lantibiotics, ticins a1, a3, and a4, have extremely stable properties and are promising food biopreservatives.	lantibiotics are antimicrobial peptides with potential applications as the next generation of antimicrobials in the food industry and/or the pharmaceutical industry. nisin has successfully been used as a food preservative for over 40 years, but its major drawback is its limited stability under neutral and alkaline ph conditions. to identify alternatives with better biochemical properties, we screened more than 100 strains of the bacillus cereus group. three novel lantibiotics, ticins a1 (4,062.9 ...	2015	26231642
identification of metabolism pathways directly regulated by sigma(54) factor in bacillus thuringiensis.	sigma(54) (σ(54)) regulates nitrogen and carbon utilization in bacteria. promoters that are σ(54)-dependent are highly conserved and contain short sequences located at the -24 and -12 positions upstream of the transcription initiation site. σ(54) requires regulatory proteins known as bacterial enhancer-binding proteins (bebps) to activate gene transcription. we show that σ(54) regulates the capacity to grow on various nitrogen sources using a bacillus thuringiensis hd73 mutant lacking the sigl g ...	2015	26029175
antimicrobial activity of anonna mucosa (jacq.) grown in vivo and obtained by in vitroculture.	brazilian flora includes numerous species of medicinal importance that can be used to develop new drugs. plant tissue culture offers strategies for conservation and use of these species allowing continuous production of plants and bioactive substances. annona mucosa has produced substances such as acetogenins and alkaloids that exhibit antimicrobial activities. the widespread use of antibiotics has led to an increase in multidrug-resistant bacteria, which represents a serious risk of infection. ...	2015	26413061
resistance to bio-insecticides or how to enhance their sustainability: a review.	after more than 70 years of chemical pesticide use, modern agriculture is increasingly using biological control products. resistances to conventional insecticides are wide spread, while those to bio-insecticides have raised less attention, and resistance management is frequently neglected. however, a good knowledge of the limitations of a new technique often provides greater sustainability. in this review, we compile cases of resistance to widely used bio-insecticides and describe the associated ...	2015	26150820
domain iii of bacillus thuringiensis cry1ie toxin plays an important role in binding to peritrophic membrane of asian corn borer.	the insecticidal ie648 toxin is a truncated cry1ie protein with increased toxicity against asian corn borer (acb). cry toxins are pore-forming toxins that disrupt insect midgut cells to kill the larvae. however, the peritrophic membrane (pm) is an important barrier that cry toxins must cross before binding to midgut cells. previously, it was shown that cry toxins are able to bind and accumulate in the pm of several lepidopteran insects. binding of ie648 toxin to pm of acb was previously reported ...	2015	26295704
transcriptional cellular responses in midgut tissue of aedes aegypti larvae following intoxication with cry11aa toxin from bacillus thuringiensis.	although much is known about the mechanism of action of bacillus thuringiensis cry toxins, the target tissue cellular responses to toxin activity is less understood. previous transcriptomic studies indicated that significant changes in gene expression occurred during intoxication. however, most of these studies were done in organisms without a sequenced and annotated reference genome. a reference genome and transcriptome is available for the mosquito aedes aegypti, and its importance as a diseas ...	2015	26645277
a toxin-binding alkaline phosphatase fragment synergizes bt toxin cry1ac against susceptible and resistant helicoverpa armigera.	evolution of resistance by insects threatens the continued success of pest control using insecticidal crystal (cry) proteins from the bacterium bacillus thuringiensis (bt) in sprays and transgenic plants. in this study, laboratory selection with cry1ac yielded five strains of cotton bollworm, helicoverpa armigera, with resistance ratios at the median lethal concentration (lc50) of activated cry1ac ranging from 22 to 1700. reduced activity and reduced transcription of an alkaline phosphatase prot ...	2015	25885820
insect pathogenic bacteria in integrated pest management.	the scientific community working in the field of insect pathology is experiencing an increasing academic and industrial interest in the discovery and development of new bioinsecticides as environmentally friendly pest control tools to be integrated, in combination or rotation, with chemicals in pest management programs. in this scientific context, market data report a significant growth of the biopesticide segment. acquisition of new technologies by multinational ag-tech companies is the center ...	2015	26463190
mapk signaling pathway alters expression of midgut alp and abcc genes and causes resistance to bacillus thuringiensis cry1ac toxin in diamondback moth.	insecticidal crystal toxins derived from the soil bacterium bacillus thuringiensis (bt) are widely used as biopesticide sprays or expressed in transgenic crops to control insect pests. however, large-scale use of bt has led to field-evolved resistance in several lepidopteran pests. resistance to bt cry1ac toxin in the diamondback moth, plutella xylostella (l.), was previously mapped to a multigenic resistance locus (btr-1). here, we assembled the 3.15 mb btr-1 locus and found high-level resistan ...	2015	25875245
multi-toxin resistance enables pink bollworm survival on pyramided bt cotton.	transgenic crops producing bacillus thuringiensis (bt) proteins kill key insect pests, providing economic and environmental benefits. however, the evolution of pest resistance threatens the continued success of such bt crops. to delay or counter resistance, transgenic plant "pyramids" producing two or more bt proteins that kill the same pest have been adopted extensively. field populations of the pink bollworm (pectinophora gossypiella) in the united states have remained susceptible to bt toxins ...	2015	26559899
analysis of bacillus thuringiensis population dynamics and its interaction with pseudomonas fluorescens in soil.	bacillus thuringiensis is the most successful biological control agent, however, studies so far have shown that b. thuringiensis is very sensitive to environmental factors such as soil moisture and ph. ultraviolet light from the sun had been considered as the main limiting factor for its persistence in soil and it has recently been shown that the antagonism exerted by other native soil organisms, such as pseudomonas fluorescens, is a determining factor in the persistence of this bacterium under ...	2015	26495114
is the efficacy of biological control against plant diseases likely to be more durable than that of chemical pesticides?	the durability of a control method for plant protection is defined as the persistence of its efficacy in space and time. it depends on (i) the selection pressure exerted by it on populations of plant pathogens and (ii) on the capacity of these pathogens to adapt to the control method. erosion of effectiveness of conventional plant protection methods has been widely studied in the past. for example, apparition of resistance to chemical pesticides in plant pathogens or pests has been extensively d ...	2015	26284088
host-pathogen coevolution: the selective advantage of bacillus thuringiensis virulence and its cry toxin genes.	reciprocal coevolution between host and pathogen is widely seen as a major driver of evolution and biological innovation. yet, to date, the underlying genetic mechanisms and associated trait functions that are unique to rapid coevolutionary change are generally unknown. we here combined experimental evolution of the bacterial biocontrol agent bacillus thuringiensis and its nematode host caenorhabditis elegans with large-scale phenotyping, whole genome analysis, and functional genetics to demonst ...	2015	26042786
transgenic maize event tc1507: global status of food, feed, and environmental safety.	maize (zea mays) is a widely cultivated cereal that has been safely consumed by humans and animals for centuries. transgenic or genetically engineered insect-resistant and herbicide-tolerant maize, are commercially grown on a broad scale. event tc1507 (oecd unique identifier: das-ø15ø7-1) or the herculex®(#) i trait, an insect-resistant and herbicide-tolerant maize expressing cry1f and pat proteins, has been registered for commercial cultivation in the us since 2001. a science-based safety asses ...	2015	26018138
cross-resistance and interactions between bt toxins cry1ac and cry2ab against the cotton bollworm.	to delay evolution of pest resistance to transgenic crops producing insecticidal proteins from bacillus thuringiensis (bt), the "pyramid" strategy uses plants that produce two or more toxins that kill the same pest. we conducted laboratory diet experiments with the cotton bollworm, helicoverpa armigera, to evaluate cross-resistance and interactions between two toxins in pyramided bt cotton (cry1ac and cry2ab). selection with cry1ac for 125 generations produced 1000-fold resistance to cry1ac and ...	2015	25586723
evolution of resistance in culex quinquefasciatus (say) selected with a recombinant bacillus thuringiensis strain-producing cyt1aa and cry11ba, and the binary toxin, bin, from lysinibacillus sphaericus.	fourth instars of culex quinquefasciatus (say) (diptera: culicidae) were selected with a recombinant bacterial strain synthesizing the mosquitocidal proteins from lysinibacillus sphaericus (bin) and cry11ba and cyt1aa from bacillus thuringiensis. selection was initiated in generation 1 with a concentration of 0.04 μg/ml, which rose to a maximum selection concentration of 8.0 μg/ml in generation 14, followed by an unexpected, rapid increase in mortality in generation 15. subsequently, a selection ...	2015	26336254
a novel integrin function in innate immunity from chinese mitten crab (eriocheir sinensis).	integrins belong to a superfamily of conserved α β heterodimeric cell surface receptors that have critical function in cell migration, differentiation, and survival. in this study, an integrin called esintegrin was identified from chinese mitten crab eriocheir sinensis. esintegrin cdna is 4415 bp long with a 2457 bp open reading frame that encodes an 818 amino acid protein. esintegrin contains a signal peptide, an integrin beta subunit (n-terminal portion of extracellular region) inb domain, an ...	2015	26004499
comparative performance of modified full-length and truncated bacillus thuringiensis-cry1ac genes in transgenic tomato.	bt-cry1ac gene has been reputedly effective against helicoverpa armigera a notorious lepidopteran pest. reports on the expression of full-length and truncated cry1ac genes in plants for effective resistance against helicoverpa sp. have been documented however, their performance is still ambiguous. moreover, the question remains to be addressed that truncation of 3' end of the native gene was documented and suggested for active insecticidal toxin production while the most successful transgenic ev ...	2015	25977893
efficient generation of marker-free transgenic rice plants using an improved transposon-mediated transgene reintegration strategy.	marker-free transgenic plants can be developed through transposon-mediated transgene reintegration, which allows intact transgene insertion with defined boundaries and requires only a few primary transformants. in this study, we improved the selection strategy and validated that the maize (zea mays) activator/dissociation (ds) transposable element can be routinely used to generate marker-free transgenic plants. a ds-based gene of interest was linked to green fluorescent protein in transfer dna ( ...	2015	25371551
biodegradation of diesel oil by a novel microbial consortium: comparison between co-inoculation with biosurfactant-producing strain and exogenously added biosurfactants.	bioremediation, involving the use of microorganisms to detoxify or remove pollutants, is the most interesting strategy for hydrocarbon remediation. in this aim, four hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria were isolated from oil-contaminated soil in tunisia. they were identified by the 16s rdna sequence analysis, as lysinibacillus bronitolerans ri18 (kf964487), bacillus thuringiensis ri16 (km111604), bacillus weihenstephanensis ri12 (km094930), and acinetobacter radioresistens ri7 (kj829530). moreover, a ...	2015	25994261
antimicrobial resistance and plasmid profile of bacterial strains isolated from the urbanized eltsovka-1 river (russia).	antimicrobial resistance and plasmid profile of gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial strains isolated from the urbanized eltsovka-1 river (russia) were investigated. sequencing of the 16s rrna of of g+ strains showed 99-100% identity to that of bacillus aerophilus, bacillus altitudinis, bacillus amyloliquefaciens, bacillus anthrancis, bacillus barbaricus, bacillus cereus, bacillus flexus, bacillus indriensis, bacillus stratosphericus, bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis, bacillus thuringiensi ...	2015	25803299
distinguishing the dominant species of pathogen in maxillary sinusitis by sequencing dna dataset analysis.	this study determined the microbial composition in maxillary sinusitis and determined the predominant fungal and bacterial species. samples were obtained from 11 patients with fungal sinusitis and 2 healthy patients. the 13 samples were sequenced using an illumina hi-seq 2000, and mapping to the human, bacterial, and the fungal genomes were based on several steps. bioinformatics and statistical analyses were then performed for bacterial and fungal expressions in the samples. all samples were cul ...	2015	25724392
[influence of coordination compounds of germanium (iv) and stannum (iv) on activity of some microbial enzymes with glycolytic and proteolytic action].	influence of coordinative compounds of germanium (iv) and stanum (iv) (complexes of germanium (iv) with nicotinamide (nad) [gecl2(nad)4]cl2 (1) and complexes of stanum (iv) with 2-hydroxybenzoilhydrazone 4-dimetylaminobenzaldehide (2-oh-hbdb) [sncl4(2-oh-bdb-h)] (2), 3-hydroxy-2-naphtoilhydrazone 2-hydroxynaphtaldehide (3-oh-h2lnf) [sncl3(3-oh-hlnf)] (3) and izonicotinoilhydrazone 2-hydroxyibenzaldehide [sncl3 (is·h)] (4) on activity of peptidases 1 and 2 bacillus thuringiensis, α-l-rhamnosidase ...	2015	25639038
endophytic bacteria from pinellia ternata, a new source of purine alkaloids and bacterial manure.	pinellia ternata (thunb.) berit., a perennial herb belonging to araceae, is one of the few medicinal plants to produce purine alkaloids. it is speculated that endophytic bacteria from p. ternata may produce guanosine or inosine. however, there is no report about endophytic bacteria in p. ternata.	2015	25868618
protection and delivery of anthelmintic protein cry5b to nematodes using mesoporous silicon particles.	the ability of nano- and microparticles of partially oxidized mesoporous silicon (psi) to sequester, protect, and deliver the anthelmintic pore-forming protein cry5b to nematodes is assessed in vitro and in vivo. thermally oxidized psi particles are stable under gastric conditions and show relatively low toxicity to nematodes. fluorescence images of rhodamine-labeled psi particles within the nematodes caenorhabditis elegans and ancylostoma ceylanicum show that ingestion is dependent on particle ...	2015	25950754
multiplex, construct-specific, and real-time pcr-based analytical methods for bt rice with cry1ac gene.	qualitative and quantitative analytical methods based on pcr for bacillus thuringiensis (bt) rice hybrid, namely, mrp 5401 bt expressing a modified version of the bt cry1ac gene, are reported here. multiplex pcr assays were developed to target the cry1ac transgene, cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) 35s promoter, agrobacterium tumefaciens nopaline synthase (nos) terminator, the neomycin phosphotransferase ii (nptll) marker gene, and an endogenous a-tubulin (tuba) gene in bt rice. the 3.178 kb regio ...	2015	22468358
cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and phytotoxicity of tannery effluent discharged into palar river basin, tamil nadu, india.	ambur, a town located on the banks of palar river, is considered one of the most polluted areas in india and occupied by hundreds of tanneries and leather product units. the present study was designed to evaluate the toxic effect of discharged tannery effluent (te) on model agricultural crops, ecofriendly microorganisms, and human blood cells. the phytotoxic effects of te tested on allium cepa and lemna minor revealed inhibition of root growth and significant reduction in number of fronds, prote ...	2015	26839546
detection of boron removal capacities of different microorganisms in wastewater and effective removal process.	in this study boron removal capacities of different microorganisms were tested. candida tropicalis, rhodotorula mucilaginosa, micrococcus luteus, bacillus thuringiensis, bacillus cereus, bacillus megaterium, bacillus pumilus, pseudomonas aeruginosa and aspergillus versicolor were examined for their boron bioaccumulation capacities in simulated municipal wastewater. a. versicolor and b. cereus were found as the most boron-tolerant microorganisms in the experiments. also boron bioaccumulation yiel ...	2015	26540546
identification of single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) in the 16s rrna gene of foodborne bacillus spp.	the main goal of this work was the identification of single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) in the 16s rrna gene of foodborne bacillus spp. that may be useful for typing purposes. these species include, among others, bacillus cereus, an important pathogenic species involved in food poisoning, and bacillus licheniformis, bacillus subtilis and bacillus pumilus, which are causative agents of food spoilage described as responsible for foodborne disease outbreaks. with this purpose in mind, 52 bacill ...	2015	25475292
real-time pcr identification of unique bacillus anthracis sequences.	bacillus anthracis is a spore-forming, gram-positive microorganism. it is a causative agent of anthrax, a highly infectious disease. it belongs to the "bacillus cereus group", which contains other closely related species, including bacillus cereus, bacillus thuringiensis, bacillus mycoides, bacillus weihenstephanensis, and bacillus pseudomycoides. b. anthracis naturally occurs in soil environments. the ba5345 genetic marker was used for highly specific detection of b. anthracis with taqman probe ...	2015	26667574
fighting ebola with novel spore decontamination technologies for the military.	recently, global public health organizations such as doctors without borders (msf), the world health organization (who), public health canada, national institutes of health (nih), and the u.s. government developed and deployed field decontamination kits (fdks), a novel, lightweight, compact, reusable decontamination technology to sterilize ebola-contaminated medical devices at remote clinical sites lacking infra-structure in crisis-stricken regions of west africa (medical waste materials are pla ...	2015	26322021
background frequency of bacillus species at the canberra airport: a 12 month study.	anthrax, caused by bacillus anthracis, is a naturally occurring disease in australia. whilst mainly limited to livestock in grazing regions of victoria and new south wales, movement of people, stock and vehicles means b. anthracis could be present outside this region. of particular interest is the "background" prevalence of b. anthracis at transport hubs including airports. the aim of this study was to determine the background frequency of b. anthracis and the commonly used hoax agent bacillus t ...	2015	26298416
test methods and response surface models for hot, humid air decontamination of materials contaminated with dirty spores of bacillus anthracis ∆sterne and bacillus thuringiensis al hakam.	to develop test methods and evaluate survival of bacillus anthracis ∆sterne or bacillus thuringiensis al hakam on materials contaminated with dirty spore preparations after exposure to hot, humid air using response surface modelling.	2015	26258399
unlocking the sporicidal potential of ethanol: induced sporicidal activity of ethanol against clostridium difficile and bacillus spores under altered physical and chemical conditions.	due to their efficacy and convenience, alcohol-based hand sanitizers have been widely adopted as the primary method of hand hygiene in healthcare settings. however, alcohols lack activity against bacterial spores produced by pathogens such as clostridium difficile and bacillus anthracis. we hypothesized that sporicidal activity could be induced in alcohols through alteration of physical or chemical conditions that have been shown to degrade or allow penetration of spore coats.	2015	26177038
transcriptional analysis of susceptible and resistant european corn borer strains and their response to cry1f protoxin.	despite a number of recent reports of insect resistance to transgenic crops expressing insecticidal toxins from bacillus thuringiensis (bt), little is known about the mechanism of resistance to these toxins. the purpose of this study is to identify genes associated with the mechanism of cry1f toxin resistance in european corn borer (ostrinia nubilalis hübner). for this, we compared the global transcriptomic response of laboratory selected resistant and susceptible o. nubilalis strain to cry1f to ...	2015	26220297
pest control and resistance management through release of insects carrying a male-selecting transgene.	development and evaluation of new insect pest management tools is critical for overcoming over-reliance upon, and growing resistance to, synthetic, biological and plant-expressed insecticides. for transgenic crops expressing insecticidal proteins from the bacterium bacillus thuringiensis ('bt crops') emergence of resistance is slowed by maintaining a proportion of the crop as non-bt varieties, which produce pest insects unselected for resistance. while this strategy has been largely successful, ...	2015	26179401
insect resistance to bacillus thuringiensis toxin cry2ab is conferred by mutations in an abc transporter subfamily a protein.	the use of conventional chemical insecticides and bacterial toxins to control lepidopteran pests of global agriculture has imposed significant selection pressure leading to the rapid evolution of insecticide resistance. transgenic crops (e.g., cotton) expressing the bt cry toxins are now used world wide to control these pests, including the highly polyphagous and invasive cotton bollworm helicoverpa armigera. since 2004, the cry2ab toxin has become widely used for controlling h. armigera, often ...	2015	26583651
potential prepore trimer formation by the bacillus thuringiensis mosquito-specific toxin: molecular insights into a critical prerequisite of membrane-bound monomers.	the insecticidal feature of the three-domain cry δ-endotoxins from bacillus thuringiensis is generally attributed to their capability to form oligomeric pores, causing lysis of target larval midgut cells. however, the molecular description of their oligomerization process has not been clearly defined. here a stable prepore of the 65-kda trypsin-activated cry4ba mosquito-specific toxin was established through membrane-mimetic environments by forming an ∼200-kda octyl-β-d-glucoside micelle-induced ...	2015	26112409
genome wide discovery of long intergenic non-coding rnas in diamondback moth (plutella xylostella) and their expression in insecticide resistant strains.	long non-coding rnas (lncrnas) play important roles in genomic imprinting, cancer, differentiation and regulation of gene expression. here, we identified 3844 long intergenic ncrnas (lincrna) in plutella xylostella, which is a notorious pest of cruciferous plants that has developed field resistance to all classes of insecticides, including bacillus thuringiensis (bt) endotoxins. further, we found that some of those lincrnas may potentially serve as precursors for the production of small ncrnas. ...	2015	26411386
the novel abc transporter abch1 is a potential target for rnai-based insect pest control and resistance management.	insect pests cause serious crop damage and develop high-level resistance to chemical insecticides and bacillus thuringiensis (bt) insecticidal cry toxins. a new promising approach for controlling them and overcoming this resistance is rna interference (rnai). the rnai-based insect control strategy depends on the selection of suitable target genes. in this study, we cloned and characterized a novel abc transporter gene pxabch1 in diamondback moth, plutella xylostella (l.). phylogenetic analysis s ...	2015	26333918
understanding the long-lasting attraction of malaria mosquitoes to odor baits.	the use of odor baits for surveillance and control of malaria mosquitoes requires robust dispensing tools. in this study, the residual activity of a synthetic mosquito attractant blend dispensed from nylon or low density polyethylene (ldpe) sachets was evaluated at weekly intervals for one year without re-impregnation. the potential role of bacteria in modulating the attraction of mosquitoes to odor-treated nylon that had been used repeatedly over the one year study period, without re-impregnati ...	2015	25798818
different effects of bacillus thuringiensis toxin cry1ab on midgut cell transmembrane potential of mythimna separata and agrotis ipsilon larvae.	bacillus thuringiensis (bt) cry toxins from the cry1a family demonstrate significantly different toxicities against members of the family noctuidae for unknown reasons. in this study, membrane potential was measured and analyzed in freshly isolated midgut samples from mythimna separata and agrotis ipsilon larvae under oral administration and in vitro incubation with bt toxin cry1ab to elucidate the mechanism of action for further control of these pests. bioassay results showed that the larvae of ...	2015	26694463
genome sequence of the mosquitocidal bacillus thuringiensis strain br58, a biopesticide product effective against the coffee berry borer (hypothenemus hampei).	bacillus thuringiensis is an important microbial control agent against insect pests. the draft genome sequence of the brazilian strain br58 described here contains the insecticidal genes cry4a, cry4b, cry10a, cry11a, cry60a, cry60b, and cyt1a, which show toxicity to both aedes aegypti and hypothenemus hampei larvae.	2015	26659669
cloning and tissue-specific expression of a chitin deacetylase gene from helicoverpa armigera (lepidoptera: noctuidae) and its response to bacillus thuringiensis.	chitin deacetylases (cdas) convert chitin into chitosan, the n-deacetylated form of chitin, which influences the mechanical and permeability properties of structures such as the cuticle and peritrophic matrices. in this article, a new cda encoding gene, hacda2, was cloned by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction method in helicoverpa armigera (hübner) (lepidoptera: noctuidae), with an open reading frame of 1,611 bp. the deduced protein composed of 536 amino acid residues with a signal ...	2015	26163665
chromosome-directed pcr-based detection and quantification of bacillus cereus group members with focus on b. thuringiensis serovar israelensis active against nematoceran larvae.	bacillus thuringiensis serovar israelensis is a wide-spread soil bacterium affiliated with the b. cereus group (bcg) and is widely used in biocontrol products applied against mosquito and black fly larvae. for monitoring and quantification of applied b. thuringiensis serovar israelensis and its effect on indigenous b. thuringiensis serovar israelensis and bcg assemblages, efficient and reliable tools are essential. the abundance and properties of b. thuringiensis serovar israelensis strains in t ...	2015	25979887
strategies of a thirteen year surveillance programme on aedes albopictus (stegomyia albopicta) in southern switzerland.	in ticino, a canton located south of the alps in switzerland, a surveillance programme on aedes albopictus (stegomyia albopicta) started in 2000 seeing that the region was considered at high risk of introduction based on the rapid spread of this mosquito in neighbouring italy.	2015	25890173
molecular docking and site-directed mutagenesis of a bacillus thuringiensis chitinase to improve chitinolytic, synergistic lepidopteran-larvicidal and nematicidal activities.	bacterial chitinases are useful in the biocontrol of agriculturally important pests and fungal pathogens. however, the utility of naturally occurring bacterial chitinases is often limited by their low enzyme activity. in this study, we constructed mutants of a bacillus thuringiensis chitinase with enhanced activity based on homology modeling, molecular docking, and the site-directed mutagenesis of target residues to modify spatial positions, steric hindrances, or hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity. w ...	2015	25678849
extraction of antibiotic zwittermicin a from bacillus thuringiensis by macroporous resin and silica gel column chromatography.	to establish a production process capable of providing refined zwittermicin a (zwa) on a large scale, the macroporous resin and silica gel column chromatography were used to separate and purify the antibiotic zwa from the fermentation broth of bacillus thuringiensis hd-1. the result of high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry after purification suggests that the samples of zwa were of high purity, 89%, and the average yield was 20 mg l(-1). erwinia herbicola ls005, escherichia co ...	2015	25099664
contribution of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and/or bacteria to enhancing plant drought tolerance under natural soil conditions: effectiveness of autochthonous or allochthonous strains.	autochthonous microorganisms [a consortium of arbuscular-mycorrhizal (am) fungi and bacillus thuringiensis (bt)] were assayed and compared to rhizophagus intraradices (ri), bacillus megaterium (bm) or pseudomonas putida (psp) and non-inoculation on trifolium repens in a natural arid soil under drought conditions. the autochthonous bacteria bt and the allochthonous bacteria psp increased nutrients and the relative water content and decreased stomatal conductance, electrolyte leakage, proline and ...	2015	25462971
yvoa and ccpa repress the expression of chib in bacillus thuringiensis.	bacillus thuringiensis produces chitinases, which are involved in its antifungal activity and facilitate its insecticidal activity. in our recent work, we found that a 16-bp sequence, drechib (agacttcgtgatgtct), downstream of the minimal promoter region of the chitinase b gene (chib) was a critical site for the inducible expression of chib in b. thuringiensis bti75. in this work, we show that a gntr family transcriptional regulator (named yvoabt), which is homologous to yvoa of bacillus subtilis ...	2015	26162881
quantitative x-ray phase contrast waveguide imaging of bacterial endospores.	quantitative waveguide-based x-ray phase contrast imaging has been carried out on the level of single, unstained, unsliced and freeze-dried bacterial cells of bacillus thuringiensis and bacillus subtilis using hard x-rays of 7.9 kev photon energy. the cells have been prepared in the metabolically dormant state of an endospore. the quantitative phase maps obtained by iterative phase retrieval using a modified hybrid input-output algorithm allow for mass and mass density determinations on the leve ...	2015	25844079
identification and characterization of a new alkaline thermolysin-like protease, btstlp1, from bacillus thuringiensis serovar sichuansis strain mc28.	thermolysin and its homologs are a group of metalloproteases that have been widely used in both therapeutic and biotechnological applications. we here report the identification and characterization of a novel thermolysin-like protease, btstlp1, from insect pathogen bacillus thuringiensis serovar sichuansis strain mc28. btstlp1 is extracellularly produced in bacillus subtilis, and the active protein was purified via successive chromatographic steps. the mature form of btstlp1 has a molecule mass ...	2015	25824434
biological activities of xylooligosaccharides generated from garlic straw xylan by purified xylanase from bacillus mojavensis ueb-fk.	a newly isolated bacterium strain named ueb-fk was selected from tunisian sahara, exhibiting the highest clear zone on agar plates containing oat spelt xylan by staining with congo red. on the basis of 16s rdna sequence analysis, this strain was identified as bacillus mojavensis. this strain produced extracellular xylanase. xylanase from the strain was purified to homogeneity and had an apparent molecular weight of 14 kda. the k m and v max values of the purified xylanase on oat spelt xylan were ...	2015	25351626
curing both virulent mega-plasmids from bacillus anthracis wild-type strain a16 simultaneously using plasmid incompatibility.	plasmid-cured derivative strains of bacillus anthracis are frequently used in laboratory studies. plasmid incompatibility, which does not increase the risk of chromosomal mutation, is a useful method for plasmid curing. however, in bacteria containing multiple plasmids, it often requires the sequential introduction of multiple, specific incompatibility plasmids. this lengthy process renders the traditional plasmid incompatibility method inefficient and mutation-prone. in this study, we successfu ...	2015	26059513
potentiality of eisenia fetida to degrade disposable paper cups-an ecofriendly solution to solid waste pollution.	the aim of the present study was to subject the post-consumer waste, namely paper cups for vermicomposting along with cow dung in three different ratios for a period of 90-140 days employing eisenia fetida. the post-consumer wastes are a menace in many developing countries including india. this waste was provided as feed for earthworms and was converted to vermicompost. vermicompost prepared with paper cup waste was analyzed for their physicochemical properties. based on the physicochemical prop ...	2015	25220767
cody regulates the activity of the virulence quorum sensor plcr by controlling the import of the signaling peptide papr in bacillus thuringiensis.	in gram-positive bacteria, cell-cell communication mainly relies on cytoplasmic sensors of the rnpp family. activity of these regulators depends on their binding to secreted signaling peptides that are imported into the cell. these quorum sensing regulators control important biological functions in bacteria of the bacillus cereus group, such as virulence and necrotrophism. the rnpp quorum sensor plcr, in complex with its cognate signaling peptide papr, is the main regulator of virulence in b. ce ...	2015	26779156
genome sequences of two bacillus cereus group bacteriophages, eyuki and avesobmore.	the genomes of two double-stranded dna (dsdna) bacteriophages isolated on bacillus thuringiensis show similarity to previously sequenced phages and provide evidence of the mosaicism of phage genomes.	2015	26472840
novel diesel-oil-degrading bacteria and fungi from the ecuadorian amazon rainforest.	isolating new diesel-oil-degrading microorganisms from crude-oil contaminated sites and evaluating their degradation capacities are vitally important in the remediation of oil-polluted environments and crude-oil exploitation. in this research, new hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria and fungi were isolated from the crude-oil contaminated soil of the oil-fields in the amazon rainforest of north-east ecuador by using a soil enrichment technique. degradation analysis was tracked by gas chromatography an ...	2015	26442498
complete genome sequence of bacillus thuringiensis strain hd521.	bacillus thuringiensis is the most widely used biological pesticide in the world. it belongs to the bacillus cereus sensu lato group, which contains six species. among these six species, b. thuringiensis, b. anthracis, and b. cereus have a low genetic diversity. b. thuringiensis strain hd521 shows maroon colony which is different from most of the b. thuringiensis strains. strain hd521 also displays an ability to inhibit plant sheath blight disease pathogen (rhizoctonia solani ag1 ib) growth and ...	2015	26380647
a type iii protein-rna toxin-antitoxin system from bacillus thuringiensis promotes plasmid retention during spore development.	members of the bacillus cereus sensu lato group of bacteria often contain multiple large plasmids, including those encoding virulence factors in b. anthracis. bacillus species can develop into spores in response to stress. during sporulation the genomic content of the cell is heavily compressed, which could result in counterselection of extrachromosomal genomic elements, unless they have robust stabilization and segregation systems. toxin-antitoxin (ta) systems are near-ubiquitous in prokaryotes ...	2015	26274022
genome sequence of bacillus endophyticus and analysis of its companion mechanism in the ketogulonigenium vulgare-bacillus strain consortium.	bacillus strains have been widely used as the companion strain of ketogulonigenium vulgare in the process of vitamin c fermentation. different bacillus strains generate different effects on the growth of k. vulgare and ultimately influence the productivity. first, we identified that bacillus endophyticus hbe603 was an appropriate strain to cooperate with k. vulgare and the product conversion rate exceeded 90% in industrial vitamin c fermentation. here, we report the genome sequencing of the b. e ...	2015	26248285
biodegradation of carbofuran in soils within nzoia river basin, kenya.	carbofuran (2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethylbenzofuran-7-yl methylcarbamate) has been used within the nzoia river basin (nrb), especially in bunyala rice irrigation schemes, in kenya for the control of pests. in this study, the capacity of native bacteria to degrade carbofuran in soils from nrb was investigated. a gram positive, rod-shaped bacteria capable of degrading carbofuran was isolated through liquid cultures with carbofuran as the only carbon and nitrogen source. the isolate degraded 98% of 100- ...	2015	25844859
various enterotoxin and other virulence factor genes widespread among bacillus cereus and bacillus thuringiensis strains.	many strains of bacillus cereus cause gastrointestinal diseases, and the closely related insect pathogen bacillus thuringiensis has also been involved in outbreaks of diarrhea. the diarrheal diseases are attributed to enterotoxins. sixteen reference strains of b. cereus and nine commercial and 12 reference strains of b. thuringiensis were screened by pcr for the presence of 10 enterotoxigenic genes (hbla, hblc, hbld, nhea, nheb, nhec, cytk, bcet, entfm, and ents), one emetogenic gene (ces), seve ...	2015	25791850