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perhydrolase-nanotube paint composites with sporicidal and antiviral activity.act (perhydrolase) containing paint composites were prepared leading to broad-spectrum decontamination. act was immobilized onto multi-walled carbon nanotubes (mwnts) and then incorporated into latex-based paints to form catalytic coatings. these act-based paint composites showed a 6-log reduction in the viability of spores of bacillus cereus and bacillus anthracis (sterne) within 60 min. the paint composites also showed >4-log reduction in the titer of influenza virus (x-31) within 10 min (init ...201323188457
immunization of mice with formalin-inactivated spores from avirulent bacillus cereus strains provides significant protection from challenge with bacillus anthracis ames.bacillus anthracis spores are the infectious form of the organism for humans and animals. however, the approved human vaccine in the united states is derived from a vegetative culture filtrate of a toxigenic, nonencapsulated b. anthracis strain that primarily contains protective antigen (pa). immunization of mice with purified spore proteins and formalin-inactivated spores (fis) from a nonencapsulated, nontoxigenic b. anthracis strain confers protection against b. anthracis challenge when pa is ...201323114705
multilocus sequence analysis of bacillus thuringiensis serovars navarrensis, bolivia and vazensis and bacillus weihenstephanensis reveals a common phylogeny.the bacillus cereus group sensu lato includes six closely-related bacterial species: bacillus cereus, bacillus anthracis, bacillus thuringiensis, bacillus mycoides, bacillus pseudomycoides and bacillus weihenstephanensis. b. thuringiensis is distinguished from the other species mainly by the appearance of an inclusion body upon sporulation. b. weihenstephanensis is distinguished based on its psychrotolerance and the presence of specific signature sequences in the 16s rrna gene and cspa genes. a ...201323073664
an amoeba phagocytosis model reveals a novel developmental switch in the insect pathogen bacillus thuringiensis.the bacillus cereus group bacteria contain pathogens of economic and medical importance. from security and health perspectives, the lethal mammalian pathogen bacillus anthracis remains a serious threat. in addition the potent insect pathogen bacillus thuringiensis is extensively used as a biological control agent for insect pests. this relies upon the industrial scale induction of bacterial spore formation with the associated production of orally toxic cry-toxins. understanding the ecology and p ...201322750551
[synthesis and antimicrobial ivestigation of 8-quinolinols glucosaminides].in the phase transfer system solid calcium carbonate--acetonitrile per acetylated o-beta-d-glucosaminides of 8-quinolinol, 2-methyl-8-quinolinol and 5-chloro-8-quinolinol were synthesized. zemplen deacetylation was led to corresponding trioles. obtained o-beta-d-glucosaminides were identified with 1h-nmr spectroscopy. antimicrobial activity of deacetylated forms has been studied in a test of inhibition of bioluminescence of marine luminescent bacteria vibrio fischeri f1 and method of the serial ...201323189563
role of the moth fly clogmia albipunctata (diptera: psychodinae) as a mechanical vector of bacterial pathogens in german hospitals.the formerly mediterranean moth fly species clogmia albipunctata (diptera: psychodidae) is now present in germany, where it has become a common, year-round pest in hospital buildings.201323182212
secondary metabolites: applications on cultural heritage.biological sciences and related bio-technology play a very important role in research projects concerning protection and preservation of cultural heritage for future generations. in this work secondary metabolites of burkholderia gladioli pv. agaricicola (bga) icmp 11096 strain and crude extract of glycoalkaloids from solanaceae plants, were tested against a panel of microorganisms isolated from calcarenite stones of two historical bridges located in potenza and in campomaggiore (southern italy) ...201325145230
plant-based hydrocarbon esters from tragia involucrata possess antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities.antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities of hydrocarbon esters obtained from tragia involucrata were evaluated by disk-diffusion (250 µg/ml), and broth-dilution (500-7.8 µg/ml), methods against bacteria. among the compounds, shellsol showed the most potent activity against burkholderia pseudomallei (khw), aeromonas hydrophila, staphylococcus aureus, bacillus subtilis, streptococcus pyogenes, klebsiella pneumoniae, proteus mirabilis, and streptococcus pneumoniae. interestingly, vinyl hexyle ...201323713670
in vitro characterization of a recombinant ahl-lactonase from bacillus cereus isolated from a striped catfish (pangasianodon hypophthalmus) pond.aiia gene encoding ahl-lactonase was isolated from bacillus cereus strain n26.2, originating from a striped catfish (pangasianodon hypophthalmus) pond in vietnam. this gene, abbreviated as aiia(n26.2), was cloned and expressed in a competent escherichia coli strain bl21(de3)plyss. the resulting protein, abbreviated as aiian26.2, was highly active in the ph range of 6-8 and could retain 80 % of the maximum activity under storage for 5 days at 4 °c or for 3 days at 20 °c. these properties of aiian ...201324426155
mosquitocidal properties of bacillus species isolated from mangroves of vellar estuary, southeast coast of india.samples collected from the mangroves of vellar estuary yielded a mosquitocidal bacterium, whose secondary metabolites exhibited mosquito larvicidal and pupicidal activity. the bacterium was isolated using standard microbiological methods and identified using classical biochemical tests. the mosquitocidal bacterium was identified as bacillus subtilis, bacillus thuringiensis, bacillus sphaericus and bacillus cereus. mosquitocidal metabolite(s) was separated from the culture supernatant of the bact ...201326345039
improving glyphosate oxidation activity of glycine oxidase from bacillus cereus by directed evolution.glyphosate, a broad spectrum herbicide widely used in agriculture all over the world, inhibits 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase in the shikimate pathway, and glycine oxidase (go) has been reported to be able to catalyze the oxidative deamination of various amines and cleave the c-n bond in glyphosate. here, in an effort to improve the catalytic activity of the glycine oxidase that was cloned from a glyphosate-degrading marine strain of bacillus cereus (bcego), we used a bacteriophage ...201324223901
antimicrobial activity, growth inhibition of human tumour cell lines, and phytochemical characterization of the hydromethanolic extract obtained from sapindus saponaria l. aerial parts.the hydromethanolic extract of sapindus saponaria l. aerial parts was investigated for antimicrobial activity (against several gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and fungi) and capacity to inhibit the growth of different human tumor cell lines as also nontumor liver cells. the evaluated extract was further characterized in terms of phytochemicals using uv, (1)h-nmr, (13)c-nmr, and ms spectroscopic tools. the extract has shown a significant antimicrobial activity on all tested bacterial and ...201324455713
synthesis of a new class of antimicrobial agents incorporating the indolin-2-one moiety.new furanone derivatives incorporating the indolin-2-one moiety 3 were prepared via the perkin reaction of isatins 1 with aroylpropionic acids 2 under conventional conditions or microwave irradiation. a series of functionally heterocyclic derivatives (e.g., pyridazines, pyrroles, and sulfonamides) incorporating the indolin-2-one moiety was achieved via reaction of 3 with different reagents under microwave irradiation conditions. the newly synthesized compounds were characterized on the basis of ...201322651801
antioxidative, antimicrobial and cytotoxic effects of the phenolics of leea indica leaf extract.this study investigated the phytochemical, antioxidative, antimicrobial and cytotoxic effects of leea indica leaf ethanol extract. phytochemical values namely total phenolic and flavonoid contents, total antioxidant capacity, dpph radical scavenging effect, fecl3 reducing power, dmso superoxide scavenging effect and iron chelating effects were studied by established methods. antibacterial, antifungal and cytotoxic effects were screened by disk diffusion technique, food poison technique and brine ...201323961238
biological activity, design, synthesis and structure activity relationship of some novel derivatives of curcumin containing sulfonamides.five series of curcumin derivatives with sulfonamides 3a-3e, 4a-4e, 5a-5e, 6a-6e and 7a-7e have been synthesized and evaluated for in vitro antibacterial activity against selected medically important gram-(+) and gram-(-) bacterial species viz. staphylococcus aureus, bacillus cereus, salmonella typhi, pseudomonas aeruginosa and escherichia coli, and antifungal activity against few pathogenic fungal species viz. aspergillus niger, aspergillus flavus, trichoderma viride and curvularia lunata. the ...201323685942
synergized antimicrobial activity of eugenol incorporated polyhydroxybutyrate films against food spoilage microorganisms in conjunction with pediocin.biopolymers and biopreservatives produced by microorganisms play an essential role in food technology. polyhydroxyalkanoates and bacteriocins produced by bacteria are promising components to safeguard the environment and for food preservation applications. polyhydroxybutyrate (phb)-based antimicrobial films were prepared incorporating eugenol, from 10 to 200 μg/g of phb. the films were evaluated for antimicrobial activity against foodborne pathogens, spoilage bacteria, and fungi such as staphylo ...201323666640
design, characterization, teratogenicity testing, antibacterial, antifungal and dna interaction of few high spin fe(ii) schiff base amino acid complexes.in this study, new fe(ii) schiff base amino acid chelates derived from the condensation of o-hydroxynaphthaldehyde with l-alanine, l-phenylalanine, l-aspartic acid, l-histidine and l-arginine were synthesized and characterized via elemental, thermogravimetric analysis, molar conductance, ir, electronic, mass spectra and magnetic moment measurements. the stoichiometry and the stability constants of the complexes were determined spectrophotometrically. correlation of all spectroscopic data suggest ...201323665616
synthesis, antimicrobial, antiquorum-sensing, antitumor and cytotoxic activities of new series of fused [1,3,4]thiadiazoles.new series of [1,3,4]thiadiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidines, benzo[h][1,3,4]thiadiazolo[2,3-b]quinazolines, benzothiadiazolotriazocine, and imidazo[2,1-b][1,3,4]thiadiazoles have been synthesized and characterized by analytical and spectrometrical methods (ir, ms, (1)h and (13)c nmr). twenty of the synthesized compounds were screened for antibacterial activity against escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus and bacillus cereus. they were found to be either moderately active, slightly active or inactive a ...201323474904
purification of an antifungal compound, cyclo(l-pro-d-leu) for cereals produced by bacillus cereus subsp. thuringiensis associated with entomopathogenic nematode.mold spoilage is the main cause of substantial economic loss in cereals and might also cause public health problems due to the production of mycotoxins. the aim of this study was to separate and purify and to identify antifungal compounds of bacterium associated with novel entomopathogenic nematode and check the antifungal property of identified compound in particular food model systems. the antifungal compound was purified using silica gel column chromatography, tlc and hplc and its structure w ...201323305769
influence of substituent effects on spectroscopic properties and antimicrobial activity of 5-(4'-substituted phenylazo)-2-thioxothiazolidinone derivatives.5-(4'-substituted phenylazo)-2-thioxothiazolidinone derivatives (hl(n)) have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, spectra (ir, electronic and (1)h nmr). the ir spectral data indicate that the compounds can exist in two resonance structures. the synthesized ligands were screened for their antimicrobial activity against four bacterial species, two gram positive bacteria (bacillus cereus and staphylococcus aureus) and two gram negative bacteria (escherichia coli and klebsiella ...201322968655
chemical composition and biological activity of the essential oil from leaves of moringa oleifera lam. cultivated in mozambique.the antioxidant capacity and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of moringa oleifera (moringaceae) grown in mozambique was investigated. the chemical composition was studied by means of gc and gc-ms analysis. hexacosane (13.9%), pentacosane (13.3%) and heptacosane (11.4%) were the main components. ultra high performance chromatography-dad analysis detected the flavonoids quercetin (126 μg/g) and luteolin (6.2 μg/g). the essential oil exhibited a relatively low free radical scavenging cap ...201324022760
volatile constituents of pinus roxburghii from nepal.pinus roxburghii sarg. is one of 3 species of pine found in nepal, the oil of which is traditionally used to treat cuts, wounds, boils, and blisters.201323598924
antimicrobial activity of a new preservative for multiuse ophthalmic solutions.the aim of this study was to examine the antimicrobial activity and the preservative efficacy of a novel preservative solution containing sodium hydroxymethyl glycinate (shmg) and edetate disodium (edta), which is used for preservation of some commercial ophthalmic formulations.201323428175
copper(ii) triflate promoted multicomponent catalytic clubbing of piperazinyl-thiazoloquinolines and thiazolocoumarins as antimicrobials.step economical, multicomponent construction of two series based on quinoline and coumarin ring systems was carried out. annulation towards the 2-piperazinylthiazole system was established in satisfactory yields, using copper(ii) triflate. these multicomponent reaction products were examined for their potential inhibitory effect against two gram-positive bacteria (staphylococcus aureus and bacillus cereus), three gram-negative bacteria (escherichia coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa, and klebsiella pn ...201323423648
biodiversity of aerobic endospore-forming bacterial species occurring in yanyanku and ikpiru, fermented seeds of hibiscus sabdariffa used to produce food condiments in benin.yanyanku and ikpiru made by the fermentation of malcavene bean (hibiscus sabdariffa) are used as functional additives for parkia biglobosa seed fermentations in benin. a total of 355 aerobic endospore-forming bacteria (aefb) isolated from yanyanku and ikpiru produced in northern and southern benin were identified using phenotypic and genotypic methods, including gtg5-pcr, m13-pcr, 16s rrna, gyra and gyrb gene sequencing. generally, the same 5-6 species of the genus bacillus predominated: bacillu ...201323571124
characterization of amylolysin, a novel lantibiotic from bacillus amyloliquefaciens ga1.lantibiotics are heat-stable peptides characterized by the presence of thioether amino acid lanthionine and methyllanthionine. they are capable to inhibit the growth of gram-positive bacteria, including listeria monocytogenes, staphylococcus aureus or bacillus cereus, the causative agents of food-borne diseases or nosocomial infections. lantibiotic biosynthetic machinery is encoded by gene cluster composed by a structural gene that codes for a pre-lantibiotic peptide and other genes involved in ...201324349428
use of silkworms to evaluate the pathogenicity of bacteria attached to cedar pollen.injection of a japanese cedar pollen suspension into silkworm hemolymph kills the silkworms. a certain species of bacteria proliferated in the hemolymph of the dead silkworms. a 16s rdna analysis demonstrated that the proliferating bacteria were bacillus cereus, bacillus thuringiensis, bacillus weihenstephanensis, and bacillus amyloliquefaciens. among them, b. cereus, b. thuringiensis, and b. weihenstephanensis exhibited hemolysis against sheep red blood cells and were lethal to mice. a culture ...201324071577
characterization of aerobic spore-forming bacteria associated with industrial dairy processing environments and product spoilage.due to changes in the design of industrial food processing and increasing international trade, highly thermoresistant spore-forming bacteria are an emerging problem in food production. minimally processed foods and products with extended shelf life, such as milk products, are at special risk for contamination and subsequent product damages, but information about origin and food quality related properties of highly heat-resistant spore-formers is still limited. therefore, the aim of this study wa ...201323973839
bacillus amyloliquefaciens ssp. plantarum strains as potential protective starter cultures for the production of bikalga, an alkaline fermented food.to identify and screen dominant bacillus spp. strains isolated from bikalga, fermented seeds of hibiscus sabdariffa for their antimicrobial activities in brain heart infusion (bhi) medium and in a h. sabdariffa seed-based medium. further, to characterize the antimicrobial substances produced.201323565829
characterisation and profiling of bacillus subtilis, bacillus cereus and bacillus licheniformis by maldi-tof mass fingerprinting.the bacillus genus includes species such as bacillus cereus, bacillus licheniformis and bacillus subtilis, some of which may be pathogenic or causative agents in the spoilage of food products. the main goal of this work was to apply matrix-assisted laser desorption ionisation-time of flight (maldi-tof) mass fingerprinting to the classification of these bacillus species. genetic analyses were also compared to phyloproteomic analyses. a collection of 57 bacillus strains isolated from fresh and pro ...201323200657
exploring the biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids in bacillus cereus atcc 14579: functional characterization of novel acyl-lipid desaturases.at low temperatures, bacillus cereus synthesizes large amounts of unsaturated fatty acids (ufas) with double bonds in positions δ5 and δ10, as well as δ5,10 di-unsaturated fatty acids. through sequence homology searches we identified two orfs encoding a putative δ5 desaturase and a fatty acid acyl-lipid desaturase in b. cereus atcc 14579 genome, named bc2983 and bc0400, respectively. functional characterization by means of heterologous expression in bacillus subtilis of orfs bc2983 and bc0400 co ...201323913431
functional screening of metagenome and genome libraries for detection of novel flavonoid-modifying enzymes.the functional detection of novel enzymes other than hydrolases from metagenomes is limited since only a very few reliable screening procedures are available that allow the rapid screening of large clone libraries. for the discovery of flavonoid-modifying enzymes in genome and metagenome clone libraries, we have developed a new screening system based on high-performance thin-layer chromatography (hptlc). this metagenome extract thin-layer chromatography analysis (meta) allows the rapid detection ...201323686272
bacillus cereus cell response upon exposure to acid environment: toward the identification of potential biomarkers.microorganisms are able to adapt to different environments and evolve rapidly, allowing them to cope with their new environments. such adaptive response and associated protections toward other lethal stresses, is a crucial survival strategy for a wide spectrum of microorganisms, including food spoilage bacteria, pathogens, and organisms used in functional food applications. the growing demand for minimal processed food yields to an increasing use of combination of hurdles or mild preservation fa ...201324106490
inference of the properties of the recombination process from whole bacterial genomes.patterns of linkage disequilibrium, homoplasy, and incompatibility are difficult to interpret because they depend on several factors, including the recombination process and the population structure. here we introduce a novel model-based framework to infer recombination properties from such summary statistics in bacterial genomes. the underlying model is sequentially markovian so that data can be simulated very efficiently, and we use approximate bayesian computation techniques to infer paramete ...201324172133
eco-genetic structure of bacillus cereus sensu lato populations from different environments in northeastern poland.the bacillus cereus group, which includes entomopathogens and etiologic agents of foodborne illness or anthrax, persists in various environments. the basis of their ecological diversification remains largely undescribed. here we present the genetic structure and phylogeny of 273 soil b. cereus s.l. isolates from diverse habitats in northeastern poland, with samplings acquired from the last european natural forest (białowieża national park), the largest marshes in europe (biebrza national park), ...201324312460
root exudate-induced alterations in bacillus cereus cell wall contribute to root colonization and plant growth promotion.the outcome of an interaction between plant growth promoting rhizobacteria and plants may depend on the chemical composition of root exudates (res). we report the colonization of tobacco, and not groundnut, roots by a non-rhizospheric bacillus cereus (mtcc 430). there was a differential alteration in the cell wall components of b. cereus in response to the res from tobacco and groundnut. attenuated total reflectance infrared spectroscopy revealed a split in amide i region of b. cereus cells expo ...201324205213
the influence of interfering substances on the antimicrobial activity of selected quaternary ammonium compounds.standard cleaning processes may not remove all the soiling typically found in food industry, such as carbohydrates, fats, or proteins. contaminants have a high impact in disinfection as their presence may reduce the activity of disinfectants. the influence of alginic acid, bovine serum albumin, yeast extract, and humic acids was assessed on the antimicrobial activities of benzalkonium chloride and cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide against bacillus cereus vegetative cells and pseudomonas fluorescen ...201326904590
differential sensitivity of polyhydroxyalkanoate producing bacteria to fermentation inhibitors and comparison of polyhydroxybutyrate production from burkholderia cepacia and pseudomonas pseudoflava.the aim of this study is determine the relative sensitivity of a panel of seven polyhydroxyalkanoate producing bacteria to a panel of seven lignocellulosic-derived fermentation inhibitors representing aliphatic acids, furans and phenolics. a further aim was to measure the polyhydroxybutyrate production of select organisms on lignocellulosic-derived monosaccharides arabinose, xylose, glucose and mannose.201323734728
gram-positive siderophore-shuttle with iron-exchange from fe-siderophore to apo-siderophore by bacillus cereus yxeb.small molecule iron-chelators, siderophores, are very important in facilitating the acquisition of fe(iii), an essential element for pathogenic bacteria. many gram-negative outer-membrane transporters and gram-positive lipoprotein siderophore-binding proteins have been characterized, and the binding ability of outer-membrane transporters and siderophore-binding proteins for fe-siderophores has been determined. however, there is little information regarding the binding ability of these proteins f ...201323924612
antimicrobial constituents of the leaves of mikania micrantha h. b. k.to isolate plant-derived compounds with antimicrobial activity from the leaves of mikania micrantha, to determine the compounds configuration, and to evaluate their antimicrobial activity against eight plant pathogenic fungi (exserohilum turcicum, colletotrichum lagenarium, pseudoperonispora cubensis, botrytis cirerea, rhizoctonia solani, phytophthora parasitica, fusarium solani, and pythium aphanidermatum,) and four plant pathogenic bacteria (gram negative bacteria: ralstonia dolaanacearum, xan ...201324098556
antibacterial activity of 2-alkynoic fatty acids against multidrug-resistant bacteria.the first study aimed at determining the structural characteristics needed to prepare antibacterial 2-alkynoic fatty acids (2-afas) was accomplished by synthesizing several 2-afas and other analogs in 18-76% overall yields. among all the compounds tested, the 2-hexadecynoic acid (2-hda) displayed the best overall antibacterial activity against gram-positive staphylococcus aureus (mic=15.6 μg/ml), staphylococcus saprophyticus (mic=15.5 μg/ml), and bacillus cereus (mic=31.3 μg/ml), as well as agai ...201324365283
screening of biological activities of polygonum maritimum l. from algerian coast.to investigate the antioxidant and the antibacterial activities of crude extract from aerial part of polygonum maritimum l. (polygonaceae) (p. maritimum) and to find new actives biomolecules.201323905017
extended genetic analysis of brazilian isolates of bacillus cereus and bacillus thuringiensis.multiple locus sequence typing (mlst) was undertaken to extend the genetic characterization of 29 isolates of bacillus cereus and bacillus thuringiensis previously characterized in terms of presence/absence of sequences encoding virulence factors and via variable number tandem repeat (vntr). additional analysis involved polymerase chain reaction for the presence of sequences (be, cytk, ina, pag, lef, cya and cap), encoding putative virulence factors, not investigated in the earlier study. mlst a ...201323440117
endophthalmitis.endophthalmitis means bacterial or fungal infection inside the eye involving the vitreous and/or aqueous humors. most cases are exogenous and occur after eye surgery, after penetrating ocular trauma, or as an extension of corneal infection. an increasing number of cases are occurring after intravitreal injections of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (vegf) medications. endophthalmitis may also be endogenous, arising from bacteraemic or fungaemic seeding of the eye. the infected eye never s ...201323438028
tuning of thioredoxin redox properties by intramolecular hydrogen bonds.thioredoxin-like proteins contain a characteristic c-x-x-c active site motif and are involved in a large number of biological processes ranging from electron transfer, cellular redox level maintenance, and regulation of cellular processes. the mechanism for deprotonation of the buried c-terminal active site cysteine in thioredoxin, necessary for dissociation of the mixed-disulfide intermediate that occurs under thiol/disulfide mediated electron transfer, is not well understood for all thioredoxi ...201323936007
skin preparation before hip replacement in emergency setting versus elective scheduled arthroplasty: bacteriological comparative analysis.hip arthroplasty needs to be performed in an emergency setting after intracapsular femur neck fracture, whereas pain makes preoperative skin preparation of the limb difficult and it may therefore be incomplete. to date no study has analyzed the patient's skin bacteriological status in these surgical conditions.201324029588
a quantitative microbiological exposure assessment model for bacillus cereus in repfeds.one of the pathogens of concern in refrigerated and processed foods of extended durability (repfed) is psychrotrophic bacillus cereus, because of its ability to survive pasteurisation and grow at low temperatures. in this study a quantitative microbiological exposure assessment (qmea) of psychrotrophic b. cereus in repfeds is presented. the goal is to quantify (i) the prevalence and concentration of b. cereus during production and shelf life, (ii) the number of packages with potential emetic tox ...201324029028
[identification of a denitrifying polyphosphate-accumulating organism (dpao) and study on its denitrifying functional genes].a denitrifying polyphosphate-accumulating organism (dpao) was isolated and identified, and the denitrifying functional genes were investigated. the strain zqn2 was isolated using denitrifying medium. it was distinguished as dpao by tests of aerobic phosphorus uptake, nitrate reduction, metachromatic granules and phb (poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate) granules dyeing. test of anaerobic phosphorus release/anoxic phosphorus uptake showed that strain zqn2 released phosphorus and synthesized phb at the anae ...201324028026
durable contact active antimicrobial materials formed by a one-step covalent modification of polyvinyl alcohol, cellulose and glass surfaces.in this work we have applied a direct covalent linkage of quaternary ammonium salts (qas) to prepare a series of contact active antimicrobial surfaces based on widely utilized materials. formation of antimicrobial polyvinyl alcohol (pva-qas), cellulose (cellulose-qas) and glass (glass-qas) surfaces was achieved by one step synthesis with no auxiliary linkers. the x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (xps) revealed tridentate binding mode of the antimicrobial agent. the antimicrobial activity of the ...201324012705
unsaturated fatty acids from food and in the growth medium improve growth of bacillus cereus under cold and anaerobic conditions.in a chemically defined medium and in luria broth, cold strongly reduced maximal population density of bacillus cereus atcc 14579 in anaerobiosis and caused formation of filaments. in cooked spinach, maximal population density of b. cereus in anaerobiosis was the same at cold and optimal temperatures, with normal cell divisions. the lipid containing fraction of spinach, but not the hydrophilic fraction, restored growth of b. cereus under cold and anaerobiosis when added to the chemically defined ...201324010589
pgiak1, a heavy metal resistant plasmid from an obligate alkaliphilic and halotolerant bacterium isolated from the antarctic concordia station confined environment.pgiak1 is a 38-kb plasmid originating from the obligate alkaliphilic and halotolerant bacillaceae strain jmak1. the strain was originally isolated from the confined environments of the antarctic concordia station. analysis of the pgiak1 38,362-bp sequence revealed that, in addition to its replication region, this plasmid contains the genetic determinants for cadmium and arsenic resistances, putative methyltransferase, tyrosine recombinase, spore coat protein and potassium transport protein, as w ...201324009682
structural and chemical aspects of resistance to the antibiotic fosfomycin conferred by fosb from bacillus cereus.the fosfomycin resistance enzymes, fosb, from gram-positive organisms, are m(2+)-dependent thiol tranferases that catalyze nucleophilic addition of either l-cysteine (l-cys) or bacillithiol (bsh) to the antibiotic, resulting in a modified compound with no bacteriacidal properties. here we report the structural and functional characterization of fosb from bacillus cereus (fosb(bc)). the overall structure of fosb(bc), at 1.27 å resolution, reveals that the enzyme belongs to the vicinal oxygen chel ...201324004181
synthesis and characterization of novel organocobaloximes as potential catecholase and antimicrobial activity agents.an asymmetric, potentially bidentate dioxime ligand (h₂l) was formed by condensation of 4-biphenylchloroglyoxime and napthyl-1-amine. two equivalents of h₂l were reacted with cocl₂  · 6h₂o under appropriate conditions with deprotonation of the dioxime ligand. a series of new organocobaloxime derivatives of the type [cor(hl)₂py], [corl₂pyb₂f₄], and [corl₂py(cu(phen))₂] (h₂l = 4-(napthyl-1-amino)biphenylglyoxime; phen = 1,10-phenathroline; r = izopropyl and benzyl; py = pyridine) were synthesized. ...201324003018
gene transcription from the linear plasmid pbclin15 leads to cell lysis and extracellular dna-dependent aggregation of bacillus cereus atcc 14579 in response to quinolone-induced stress.the bacillus cereus type strain atcc 14579 harbours pbclin15, a linear plasmid with similar genome organization to tectiviruses. since phage morphogenesis is not known to occur it has been suggested that pbclin15 may be a defect relic of a tectiviral prophage without relevance for the bacterial physiology. however, in this paper, we demonstrate that a pbclin15-cured strain is more tolerant to antibiotics interfering with dna integrity than the wt strain. growth in the presence of crystal violet ...201324002748
yaxab, a yersinia enterocolitica pore-forming toxin regulated by rova.the transcriptional regulator rova positively regulates transcription of the yersinia enterocolitica virulence gene inv. invasin, encoded by inv, is important for establishment of y. enterocolitica infection. however, a rova mutant is more attenuated for virulence than an inv mutant, implying that rova regulates additional virulence genes. when the y. enterocolitica rova regulon was defined by microarray analysis, ye1984 and ye1985 were among the genes identified as being upregulated by rova. si ...201324002058
in pursuit of protein targets: proteomic characterization of bacterial spore outer layers.bacillus cereus, responsible for food poisoning, and clostridium difficile, the causative agent of clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea (cdad), are both spore-forming pathogens involved in food spoilage, food intoxication, and other infections in humans and animals. the proteinaceous coat and the exosporium layers from spores are important for their resistance and pathogenicity characteristics. the exosporium additionally provides an ability to adhere to surfaces eventually leading to spore ...201323998435
sepsis and meningoencephalitis caused by bacillus cereus in a patient with myelodysplastic syndrome.we herein report the findings of a case of myelodysplastic syndrome that was complicated by septicemia and meningoencephalitis, both of which were caused by bacillus cereus. in contrast to all of the previous cases of b. cereus that have been seen at our institution, this patient did not have any invasive devices, such as a central venous catheter, that could have acted as a conduit for a b. cereus infection. although b. cereus-induced meningoencephalitis is often lethal, the immediate treatment ...201323994997
addition of ethanol to supercritical carbon dioxide enhances the inactivation of bacterial spores in the biofilm of bacillus cereus.supercritical carbon dioxide (sc-co2) was used to inactivate bacillus cereus spores inside biofilms, which were grown on stainless steel. sc-co2 treatment was tested using various conditions, such as pressure treatment (10-30 mpa), temperature (35-60°c), and time (10-120 min). b. cereus vegetative cells in the biofilm were completely inactivated by treatment with sc-co2 at 10 mpa and at 35°c for 5 min. however, sc-co2 alone did not inactivate spores in biofilm even after the treatment time was e ...201323973829
three different bacterial detection systems for platelet concentrates under inter-laboratory conditions.a variety of screening methods are currently used worldwide in order to decrease the risk of transfusion-transmitted sepsis and improve the safety of pcs.201323972777
chitosan-containing bread made using marine shellfishery byproducts: functional, bioactive, and quality assessment of the end product.chitosan is nature's second most abundant polymer after cellulose and forms the structural support in crustacean shell material and basidomycete mushroom stalks. chitosan is a known antimicrobial agent but, to date, was not examined as an antimicrobial agent in bread formulations for the prevention of mold or rope formation. the aim of this work was to investigate the effects of chitosan generated from prawn shell byproducts on the color, moisture, and texture and crumb formation of bread. a sec ...201323962198
isolation and screening of bioactive principle from chaetomorpha antennina against certain bacterial strains.microbial pathogens develop resistance to a particular antibiotic after repeated administration during the treatment of infectious diseases. moreover, multiple drug resistance is a very common problem especially in hospital acquired infections. therefore, it is necessary to find out alternative antibacterial drugs and the present trend is focused on seaweeds. this preliminary research work was carried out to find out the antibacterial activity of petroleum ether extract of chaetomorpha antennina ...201323960826
a computational module assembled from different protease family motifs identifies pi plc from bacillus cereus as a putative prolyl peptidase with a serine protease scaffold.proteolytic enzymes have evolved several mechanisms to cleave peptide bonds. these distinct types have been systematically categorized in the merops database. while a blast search on these proteases identifies homologous proteins, sequence alignment methods often fail to identify relationships arising from convergent evolution, exon shuffling, and modular reuse of catalytic units. we have previously established a computational method to detect functions in proteins based on the spatial and elect ...201323940667
kannurin, a novel lipopeptide from bacillus cereus strain ak1: isolation, structural evaluation and antifungal activities.this study was performed to isolate and characterize novel antifungal lipopeptide from bacillus cereus.201323937170
summertime bacillus cereus colonization of hospital newborns traced to contaminated, laundered linen.routine screening of premature newborns for haemolytic streptococci, staphylococcus aureus and enteric gram-negative bacteria done at birth using umbilical swabs identified clustering of babies colonized with bacillus cereus in summers of 2009 and 2010 at a 400-bedded uk general hospital.201323927924
bacterial contamination of iranian paper currency.transmission of human pathogens can be occurred via inert objects. paper currency is a further common contact surface whereby pathogens can be transferred within a population although the significance remains unknown. hence, the aim of the present study was to investigate microbial populations associated with iranian paper currency.201326060669
synthesis, spectral, and in vitro antibacterial studies of organosilicon(iv) complexes with schiff bases derived from amino acids.the present work stems from our interest in the synthesis, characterization, and antibacterial evaluation of organosilicon(iv) complexes of a class of amino-acid-based schiff base which have been prepared by the interaction of ethoxytrimethylsilane with the schiff bases (n oh) in 1 : 1 molar ratio. these complexes have been characterized by elemental analysis, molar conductance, and spectroscopic studies including electronic ir and nmr ((1)h, (13)c, and (29)si) spectroscopy. the analytical and s ...201323983671
antimicrobial potential of flavoring ingredients against bacillus cereus in a milk-based beverage.natural ingredients--cinnamon, cocoa, vanilla, and anise--were assessed based on bacillus cereus vegetative cell growth inhibition in a mixed liquid whole egg and skim milk beverage (lwe-sm), under different conditions: ingredient concentration (1, 2.5, and 5% [wt/vol]) and incubation temperature (5, 10, and 22 °c). according to the results obtained, ingredients significantly (p<0.05) reduced bacterial growth when supplementing the lwe-sm beverage. b. cereus behavior was mathematically described ...201323909775
draft genome sequence of bacillus cereus strain f, isolated from ancient permafrost.bacillus cereus strain f was isolated and cultured from a sample of permafrost, aged presumably about 3 million years, on the mammoth mountain (62°56'n, 133°59'e). these genome data provide the basis to investigate bacillus cereus f, identified as a long-term survivor of the extremely cold and close environment.201323908292
[diarrhoea and oedema in two show horses after feeding a pelleted supplemental feed for horses according to vdlufa's perspective of microbial quality classified as safe for use in horses].a new batch of a supplemental feed was fed as pellets (diameter 8 mm) to two warmblood-type horses. one horse developed watery diarrhoea within two days. pronounced oedema due to hypalbuminemia was seen about ten days later. the feed was replaced by pellets of identical composition and mixing process, but lower diameter (5 mm). after one week of feeding, oedema regressed and faeces were normally formed. at refeeding the larger sized pellets, the symptoms recurred, but now both horses were affect ...201323901590
antimicrobial activity and phytochemical constituents of leaf extracts of cassia auriculata.plants produce a wide variety of phytochemical constituents, which are secondary metabolites and are used either directly or indirectly in the pharmaceutical industry. 'for centuries, man has effectively used various components of plants or their extracts for the treatment of many diseases, including bacterial infections. in the present study methanol, chloroform and aqueous extracts of cassia auriculata leaf were subjected for antimicrobial activity by well-diffusion method against six bacteria ...201323901174
biochemical characterization and antitumor study of l-glutaminase from bacillus cereus mtcc 1305.l-glutaminase (e.c.3.5.2.1) extracellularly produced by bacillus cereus mtcc 1305 was purified to apparent homogeneity with a fine band. the molecular weight of native enzyme and its subunit were found to be approximately 140 and 35 kda, respectively, which indicates its homotetrameric nature. the substrate specificity test of this enzyme showed its specificity for l-glutamine. the purified enzyme showed maximum activity at optimum ph 7.5 and temperature 35 °c. the enzyme retained stability up t ...201323873638
bioactive metabolites from an endophytic cryptosporiopsis sp. inhabiting clidemia hirta.an endophytic cryptosporiopsis sp. was isolated from clidemia hirta and analyzed for its secondary metabolites that lead to the isolation of three bioactive molecules. the compounds were purified from the culture broth of the fungus and their structures were determined by spectroscopic methods as (r)-5-hydroxy-2-methylchroman-4-one (1), 1-(2,6-dihydroxyphenyl)pentan-1-one (2) and (z)-1-(2-(2-butyryl-3-hydroxyphenoxy)-6-hydroxyphenyl)-3-hydroxybut-2-en-1-one (3). compound 1 exhibited significant ...201323870821
effects of lipid emulsion and multivitamins on the growth of microorganisms in peripheral parenteral nutrition solutions.blood stream infections caused by bacillus cereus or serratia marcescens in patients receiving peripheral parenteral nutrition (ppn) have occasionally been reported in japan, but these microorganisms are not major causes of blood stream infections in patients receiving total parenteral nutrition via a central venous catheter. in japan, commercially available ppn solutions contain amino acids, glucose, and electrolytes, but not contain lipid emulsion (le) and multivitamins (mv). in this study, th ...201323869182
live-cell imaging tool optimization to study gene expression levels and dynamics in single cells of bacillus cereus.single-cell methods are a powerful application in microbial research to study the molecular mechanism underlying phenotypic heterogeneity and cell-to-cell variability. here, we describe the optimization and application of single-cell time-lapse fluorescence microscopy for the food spoilage bacterium bacillus cereus specifically. this technique is useful to study cellular development and adaptation, gene expression, protein localization, protein mobility, and cell-to-cell communication over time ...201323851094
purification and characterization of two polyhydroxyalcanoates from bacillus cereus.this work aimed to study the potential of 155 strains of bacillus sp., isolated from a collection of tunisian microorganisms, for polyhydroxyalcanoates production. the strains were submitted to a battery of standard tests commonly used for determining bioplastic properties. the findings revealed that two of the isolates, namely bacillus us 163 and us 177, provided red excitations at a wavelength of approximately 543 nm. the polyhydroxyalcanoates produced by the two strains were purified. gas chr ...201323850680
short communication: presence of neutral metallopeptidase (npr) gene and proteolytic activity of bacillus cereus isolated from dairy products.the control of proteolytic microorganisms is one of the main challenges of the dairy industry, due to their spoilage activity that jeopardizes the quality of their products. seventy-four bacillus cereus strains isolated from powdered, uht, and pasteurized milks were tested for the presence of the neutral metallopeptidase (npr) gene and proteolytic activity at 7, 10, 25, 30, and 37°c. all strains had the npr gene, and proteolytic activity increased with the incubation temperature. the obtained re ...201323849645
characterization and application of enterocin rm6, a bacteriocin from enterococcus faecalis.use of bacteriocins in food preservation has received great attention in recent years. the goal of this study is to characterize enterocin rm6 from enterococcus faecalis osy-rm6 and investigate its efficacy against listeria monocytogenes in cottage cheese. enterocin rm6 was purified from e. faecalis culture supernatant using ion exchange column, multiple c18-silica cartridges, followed by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. the molecular weight of enterocin rm6 is 7145.0823 as ...201323844357
antimicrobial activities of leaf extracts of guava (psidium guajava l.) on two gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria.aim. to determine the antimicrobial potential of guava (psidium guajava) leaf extracts against two gram-negative bacteria (escherichia coli and salmonella enteritidis) and two gram-positive bacteria (staphylococcus aureus and bacillus cereus) which are some of foodborne and spoilage bacteria. the guava leaves were extracted in four different solvents of increasing polarities (hexane, methanol, ethanol, and water). the efficacy of these extracts was tested against those bacteria through a well-di ...201324223039
equilibrium selectivity alone does not create k+-selective ion conduction in k+ channels.potassium (k(+)) channels are selective for k(+) over na(+) ions during their transport across membranes. we and others have previously shown that tetrameric k(+) channels are primarily occupied by k(+) ions in their selectivity filters under physiological conditions, demonstrating the channel's intrinsic equilibrium preference for k(+) ions. based on this observation, we hypothesize that the preference for k(+) ions over na(+) ions in the filter determines its selectivity during ion conduction. ...201324217508
phytochemical analysis of andrographis paniculata and orthosiphon stamineus leaf extracts for their antibacterial and antioxidant potential.leaves of andrographis paniculata and orthosiphon stamineus were extracted with water, ethanol, methanol and chloroform to assess their potential as antibacterial and antioxidant agents. high performance liquid chromatography analysis showed that the methanolic extracts of a. paniculata and o. stamineus leaves gave the highest amounts of andrographolide and rosmarinic acid, respectively. these leaf extracts exhibited antimicrobial and antioxidant activities and, at the highest concentration test ...201324189677
evaluation of direct 16s rdna sequencing as a metagenomics-based approach to screening bacteria in bottled water.deliberate or accidental contamination of food, feed, and water supplies poses a threat to human health worldwide. a rapid and sensitive detection technique that could replace the current labor-intensive and time-consuming culture-based methods is highly desirable. in addition to species-specific assays, such as pcr, there is a need for generic methods to screen for unknown pathogenic microorganisms in samples. this work presents a metagenomics-based direct-sequencing approach for detecting unkn ...201323971801
ohrra functions as a redox-responsive system controlling toxinogenesis in bacillus cereus.bacillus cereus ohrr is a member of the subgroup of the marr (multiple antibiotic resistance) family of transcriptional regulators that use a cysteine-based redox sensing mechanism. ohra is a thiol-dependent, peroxidase-like protein. the dual ohrra system triggers b. cereus adaptation in response to redox changes, such as those encountered in the environment of the gastrointestinal tract. here, we investigated the role of ohrra in toxinogenesis. comparative shotgun analysis of exoproteomes from ...201324184231
the bacillus cereus hbl and nhe tripartite enterotoxin components assemble sequentially on the surface of target cells and are not interchangeable.bacillus cereus is a spore-forming, gram-positive bacterium commonly associated with outbreaks of food poisoning. it is also known as an opportunistic pathogen causing clinical infections such as bacteremia, meningitis, pneumonia, and gas gangrene-like cutaneous infections, mostly in immunocompromised patients. b. cereus secretes a plethora of toxins of which four are associated with the symptoms of food poisoning. two of these, the non-hemolytic enterotoxin nhe and the hemolysin bl (hbl) toxin, ...201324204713
retained subretinal date palm tree thorn in a child.a 3-year-old boy presented with severe eye pain and nausea after colliding with a date palm tree branch. examination under anesthesia revealed a self-sealed corneal laceration and traumatic cataract in his left eye. cultures were taken and the patient received prophylactic subconjunctival, intravitreal, and systemic antibiotics because of the high risk of endophthalmitis. a thorn from the same tree grew bacillus cereus. examination after 2 weeks of the injury revealed a subretinal foreign body ( ...201324160979
novel antibacterial activity of lactococcus lactis subspecies lactis z11 isolated from zabady.the purpose of this study was to select and characterize a probiotic bacterium with distinctive antimicrobial activities. in this respect, lactococcus lactis subspecies lactis z11 (l. lactis z11) isolated from zabady (arabian yoghurt) inhibited other strains of lactic acid bacteria and some food-born pathogens including listeria monocytogenes, bacillus cereus and staphylococcus aureus. the inhibitory activity of cell free supernatant (cfs) of l. lactis z11 isolated from zabady was lost by proteo ...201324151453
antibacterial activity of phyllantus emblica, coriandrum sativum, culinaris medic, lawsonia alba and cucumis sativus.present study deals with the demonstration of the antibacterial activity of very common medicinal plants of pakistani origin i.e., phyllantus emblica, coriandrum sativum, culinaris medic, lawsonia alba and cucumis sativus. the extracts were prepared in crude form by the use of hydro-alcoholic solution and were screened for antibacterial activity against various bacterial species by disk diffusion method. assay was performed using clinical isolates of b. cereus, s. aureus, p. aeruginosa and e. co ...201324147363
pahangensin a and b, two new antibacterial diterpenes from the rhizomes of alpinia pahangensis ridley.the rhizomes of alpinia pahangensis ridley yielded a new bis-labdanic diterpene for which the name pahangensin a (1) was proposed along with a new labdane diterpene, pahangensin b (2). their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods including, 1d and 2d nmr techniques and lcms-it-tof analysis. pahangensin a (1) was found to be an antibacterial agent against staphylococcus aureus, bacillus cereus and bacillus subtilis with mic values less than 100 μg/ml, respectively. pahangensin b (2) ...201324144849
physical chemical and biological characterization of a new bacteriocin produced by bacillus cereus ns02.to screen the bacteriocinogenic isolate from buffalo milk and to characterize it on physical, chemical and biological aspects for the application in biopreservation.201324144023
characterization of a cold-active β-glucosidase from paenibacillus xylanilyticus kj-03 capable of hydrolyzing isoflavones daidzin and genistin.paenibacillus xylanilyticus kj-03 isolated from konjac field, showed β-glucosidase activity on tryptic soy agar plate supplemented with 0.1 % esculin and 0.25 % ferric ammonium citrate. a genome library was constructed to obtain the β-glucosidase gene and a recombinant clone, pglc2-3 was selected. the 2,247 bp gene encoding kj-03 β-glucosidase consisted of 749 amino acids. the deduced amino acids of bgla were 61 % homologous with that of the β-glucosidase from bacillus cereus ah1272, which belon ...201324141566
the relative importance of competition and predation in environment characterized by resource pulses--an experimental test with a microbial community.resource availability and predation are believed to affect community dynamics and composition. although the effects of resource availability and predation on prey communities are usually studied in isolation, these factors can also have interactive effects, especially since the outcome of competition under shared predation is expected to depend on resource availability. however, there are few experimental studies that test the interactive roles of resources and predation on dynamics of more comp ...201324139511
toxin producing bacillus cereus persist in ready-to-reheat spaghetti bolognese mainly in vegetative state.the potential of bacillus cereus to cause a diarrheal toxico-infection is related to its ability to perform de novo enterotoxin production in the small intestine. a prerequisite for this is presence of sufficient numbers of b. cereus that have survived gastro-intestinal passage. it is known that the percentage of survival is much smaller for vegetative cells in comparison to spores and it is therefore important to know the state in which b. cereus is ingested. the results of the current study pe ...201324129156
bacillus cereus var. toyoi modulates the immune reaction and reduces the occurrence of diarrhea in piglets challenged with salmonella typhimurium dt104.a feeding trial with sows and their piglets was performed with the probiotic feed additive bacillus cereus var. toyoi in two consecutive experimental periods. sows (n = 8) were allocated into treatment (bc) and control (co) groups. sows of bc group (n = 4) were fed 3.14 × 10(5) cfu/g bacillus cereus var. toyoi with the diet from d 87 of pregnancy on. their piglets received bacillus cereus var. toyoi supplemented feed (8.7 × 10(5) cfu/g) starting on d 14 of life and further on after weaning (6.5 ...201324126275
nisin-activated hydrophobic and hydrophilic surfaces: assessment of peptide adsorption and antibacterial activity against some food pathogens.an effective antimicrobial packaging or food contact surface should be able to kill or inhibit micro-organisms that cause food-borne illnesses. setting up such systems, by nisin adsorption on hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces, is still a matter of debate. for this purpose, nisin was adsorbed on two types of low-density polyethylene: the hydrophobic native film and the hydrophilic acrylic acid-treated surface. the antibacterial activity was compared for those two films and it was highly depend ...201324092009
in vitro cytotoxic, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities of mesua beccariana (baill.) kosterm., mesua ferrea linn., and mesua congestiflora extracts.the in vitro cytotoxicity tests on the extracts of mesua beccariana, m. ferrea, and m. congestiflora against raji, snu-1, hela, ls-174t, nci-h23, sk-mel-28, hep-g2, imr-32, and k562 were achieved using mtt assay. the methanol extracts of mesua beccariana showed its potency towards the proliferation of b-lymphoma cell (raji). in addition, only the nonpolar to semipolar extracts (hexane to ethyl acetate) of the three mesua species indicated cytotoxic effects on the tested panel of human cancer cel ...201324089682
biodegradation of decabromodiphenyl ether (bde-209) by a metal resistant strain, bacillus cereus jp12.a metal resistant bacterial strain, bacillus cereus jp12, could use decabromodiphenyl ether (bde-209) as the sole carbon and energy source for growth in mineral salt medium. under the conditions of ph 6.0, 30°c, 150 rpm and an inoculum of od600=0.6, more than 88% of the initial bde-209 (1mg/l) was degraded after 12 days. the addition of appropriate surfactants and additional carbon sources could enhance the biodegradation efficiency of bde-209. the presence of cu(2+) (≤ 8 mg/l) and zn(2+) (≤ 15 ...201324084199
diversity of endophytic bacteria in medicinally important nepenthes species.nepenthes species are used in traditional medicines to treat various health ailments. however, we do not know which types of endophytic bacteria (eb) are associated with nepenthes spp.201324082746
chemical composition and biological activity of conyza bonariensis essential oil collected in mérida, venezuela.the essential oil from aerial parts of conyza bonariensis (l) cronquist collected in mérida was obtained by hydrodistillation and analysed by gc/ms. the major components were trans-beta-farnesene (37.8%), trans-ocimene (20.7%) and beta-sesquiphellandrene (9.8%). cytotoxicity assay was also performed with the essential oil against hela (cervix carcinoma), a-459 (lung carcinoma) and mcf-7 (breast adenocarcinoma) human cell lines and against normal vero cells (african green monkey kidney) with ic50 ...201324079198
viability of calcifying bacterial formulations in fly ash for applications in building materials.evidence of bacterial involvement in precipitation of calcium carbonates has brought a revolution in the field of applied microbiology, geotechnical sciences, environmental and civil engineering with its marked success in restoration of various building materials. for applications of these calcite binder-producing bacterial cultures, different expensive carrier materials have been used but their high costs have come in the way of their successful commercialization. in the present study, we have ...201324065359
antimicrobial property of extracts of indian lichen against human pathogenic bacteria.context. usnea ghattensis g. awasthi (usneaceae) endemic fruticose lichen found growing luxuriantly in northern western ghats of india, it also contains usnic acid as a major chemical and tested against some human pathogenic bacteria. objective. to explore antimicrobial properties of usnea ghattensis against some human pathogenic bacteria. materials and methods. the lichen was extracted in acetone, methanol, and ethanol. in vitro antimicrobial activity was tested initially by kirby-bauer techniq ...201324062769
pcr detection of cytk gene in bacillus cereus group strains isolated from food samples.a method for detection of the cytotoxin k cytk structural gene and its active promoter preceded by the plcr-binding box, controlling the expression level of this enterotoxin, was developed. the method was applied for the purpose of the analysis of 47 bacterial strains belonging to the bacillus cereus group isolated from different food products. it was found that the majority of the analyzed strains carried the fully functional cytk gene with its plcr regulated promoter. the cytk gene was not det ...201324060693
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