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a new potassium ion current induced by stimulation of m2 cholinoreceptors in fish atrial myocytes.a novel potassium ion current induced by muscarinic stimulation (ikach2) is characterized in atrial cardiomyocytes of teleost fishes (crucian carp, carassius carassius; rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss) by means of the whole-cell patch-clamp technique. the current is elicited in atrial, but not ventricular, cells by application of carbamylcholine (cch) in moderate to high concentrations (10(-7)-10(-4) mol l(-1)). it can be distinguished from the classic ikach, activated by the βγ-subunit of th ...201424526726
evaluation of the interactive effects of lead, zinc and benzo(k)fluoranthene on crucian carp, carassius carassius, using a multiple biomarker approach.the aim of this study was to evaluate the interactive effects of the metals lead (pb) and zinc (zn) and the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon benzo(k)fluoranthene (bkf) on crucian carp (carassius carassius). to this end, various biomarkers in the fish [7-ethoxyresorufin-o-deethylase (erod); superoxide dismutase (sod); malondialdehyde (mda) and metallothioneins (mt)] were measured after 96 h of exposure. when compared to either treatment with pb and zn mixtures or bkf-only treatment, the treatment ...201424500392
use of heat shock protein mrna expressions as biomarkers in wild crucian carp for monitoring water quality.in organisms, the production of heat shock proteins (hsps) can be induced after exposure to various stressors. in the present study, partial cdna sequences encoding of hsp30, hsp60, hsp70, and hsp90 genes were isolated and sequenced in the crucian carp (carassius carassius). next, quantitative real-time reverse transcription pcr (qrt-pcr) assays normalized to beta-actin were developed to quantify hsp mrna expression. the same methods were used to detect hsp mrna expression in the wild crucian ca ...201424370851
tempo and mode of recurrent polyploidization in the carassius auratus species complex (cypriniformes, cyprinidae).polyploidization is an evolutionarily rare but important mechanism in both plants and animals because it increases genetic diversity. goldfish of the carassius auratus species complex can be tetraploids, hexaploids and octaploids. polyploidization events have occurred repeatedly in goldfish, yet the extent of this phenomenon and its phyletic history are poorly understood. we explore the origin, tempo and frequency of polyploidization in chinese and japanese goldfish using both mitochondrial (mtd ...201424398883
validation of reference genes for rt-qpcr analysis of cyp4t expression in crucian carp.reference genes are commonly used for normalization of target gene expression during rt-qpcr analysis. however, no housekeeping genes or reference genes have been identified to be stable across different tissue types or under different experimental conditions. to identify the most suitable reference genes for rt-qpcr analysis of target gene expression in the hepatopancreas of crucian carp (carassius auratus) under various conditions (sex, age, water temperature, and drug treatments), seven refer ...201425249772
[effect of rate of water temperature increase on sensitivity of fish digestive glycosidases to action of copper and zinc].an increase in sensitivity of glycosidases of intestinal mucosa has been established in fry of goldfish carassius auratus, carp cyprinus carpio, roach rutilus rutilus, and common perch perca fluviatilis to action in vitro of heavy metal ions (copper and zinc at concentrations of 0.1-25 mg/l) at heating of water at the summer period. the inhibitory effect of copper and zinc ions as a rule was higher at the heating rate of 50 degrees c/h than at the rate of 4 degrees c/h. glycosidases of the perch ...201425508933
[effect of rate of water temperature increase on sensitivity of fish digestive glycosidases to action of copper and zinc].an increase in sensitivity of glycosidases of intestinal mucosa has been established in fry of goldfish carassius auratus, carp cyprinus carpio, roach rutilus rutilus, and common perch perca fluviatilis to action in vitro of heavy metal ions (copper and zinc at concentrations of 0.1-25 mg/l) at heating of water at the summer period. the inhibitory effect of copper and zinc ions as a rule was higher at the heating rate of 50 degrees c/h than at the rate of 4 degrees c/h. glycosidases of the perch ...201425486802
analysis of mitochondrial respiratory-related genes reveals nuclear and mitochondrial genome cooperation in allotetraploid hybrid.an allotetraploid hybrid lineage derived from the distant hybridization of red crucian carp (carassius auratus red var., ♀, 2n =100) × common carp (cyprinus carpio l., ♂, 2n =100) was investigated for its mitochondrial and nuclear genome inheritance patterns. based on liver transcriptomic data for this hybrid, red crucian carp, and common carp, we identified 94, 136, and 86 contigs corresponding to 41, 46, and 37 mitochondrial respiratory chain nuclear genes, respectively. mitochondrial respirat ...201425470286
fish mavs is involved in rlr pathway-mediated ifn response.mammalian mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (mavs) is an essential adapter involved in retinoic acid-inducible gene-i (rig-i)-like receptor (rlr)-triggered interferon (ifn) antiviral immunity. fish mavs homologues have been identified in several fish species; however, the signaling pathway involving fish mavs-mediated ifn response remains to be investigated. in the present study, we report identification of a fish mavs orthologue from crucian carp carassius auratus blastulae embryonic (c ...201425219369
the autotetraploid fish derived from hybridization of carassius auratus red var. (female) × megalobrama amblycephala (male).the establishment of the tetraploid organism is difficult but useful in genetics and breeding. in the present study, we have artificially established an autotetraploid fish line (f2-f8) derived from the distant hybridization of carassius auratus red var. (rr, 2n = 100) (female) × megalobrama amblycephala (bb, 2n = 48) (male). the autotetraploid line (f2-f8) possess four sets of chromosomes from red crucian carp (rrrr, 4n = 200) and produce diploid ova and diploid sperm, which maintains the forma ...201425165120
complete mitochondrial genome of a natural triploid crucian carp mutant, carassius auratus var. pingxiangnensis, and phylogenetic analysis of different ploidies in crucian carp.carassius auratus var. pingxiangnensis is a natural triploid crucian carp mutant. in order to understand its placement and genetic background at the gene level, the characteristics of mitochondrial dna sequences and phylogenetic relationship were examined. the results showed that the mitochondrial dna is a circular double-stranded dna molecule that is 16,576 bp in length with 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer rna genes, 2 ribosomal rna genes, and a non-coding control region. mitochondrial gen ...201425117343
integrated biomarkers in wild crucian carp for early warning of water quality in hun river, north china.metabolizing enzymes play important roles in the detoxification of various pollutants in aquatic organisms, thereby they can also be used to provide early-warning signals of environmental risks. real-time quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction assays were developed to quantify cytochrome p450 1a (cyp1a), superoxide dismutase (sod), glutathione peroxidase (gpx), catalase (cat), and glutathione-s-transferase (gst) in crucian carp (carassius auratus). the methods were then use ...201425079422
bioaccumulation, distribution and metabolism of bde-153 in the freshwater fish carassius auratus after dietary exposure.polybrominated diphenyl ethers (pbdes) are of great environmental concern due to bioaccumulation and biomagnification in different food chains. however, significant biotransformation of some congeners via reductive debromination has been observed during in vivo and in vitro laboratory exposures. little is known about the fate of 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexabromodiphenyl ether (bde-153) in fish. in the present study, crucian carp (carassius auratus) were exposed to bde-153 at a concentration of 10μg/g in ...201425038267
gill remodeling in three freshwater teleosts in response to high environmental ammonia.the present study aimed to determine whether gill macro- and microstructure show compensatory responses in three freshwater fish differing in their sensitivity to high environmental ammonia (hea). the highly ammonia-sensitive salmonid oncorhynchus mykiss (rainbow trout), the less ammonia-sensitive cyprinid cyprinus carpio (common carp) and the highly ammonia-resistant cyprinid carassius auratus (goldfish) were used as test species and were exposed for 0 h (control), 3h, 12h, 24h, 48 h, 84 h and ...201425033244
changes in physiochemical properties of water-soluble proteins from crucian carp (carassius auratus) during heat treatment.in order to understand physicochemical properties of water-soluble proteins obtained from crucian carp, turbidity, total sulfhydryl content, hydrophobicity and sds-page of crucian carp water-soluble proteins during heat treatment were investigated. turbidity remained unchanged up to 44°c and considerably increased from 46°c to 54°c, one peak of increase rate was found at 50°c; total sh content decreased rapidly when heated from 50°c to 55°c; hydrophobicity increased sharply when heated up to 45° ...201424966436
tissue distribution, bioconcentration, metabolism, and effects of erythromycin in crucian carp (carassius auratus).in this study, the tissue distribution, bioconcentration, metabolism and biological effects of the macrolide antibiotic erythromycin (ery) were investigated in fish using crucian carp (carassius auratus) as a model. crucian carp were exposed to various concentrations of ery (4, 20, and 100 μg/l) for 28 days. the uplc/ms/ms analysis of both water and tissue provided the bioconcentration of ery and its metabolites in the fish body. the results from tissue samples showed that a maximum tissue conce ...201424911771
sequence analysis and subcellular localization of crucian carp carassius auratus viperin.human viperin is known as an interferon (ifn)-inducible antiviral protein and localizes to endoplasmic reticulum (er) via its n-terminal amphipathic α-helix. little is known about subcellular localization of fish viperin. herein, we characterized subcellular localization of a fish viperin from crucian carp carassius auratus. crucian carp viperin is nearly identical to the other viperin proteins in sequence, with the exception of the first n-terminal 70 amino acids that are defined as n-terminal ...201424825429
developmental toxicity of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in artificially fertilized crucian carp (carassius auratus) embryo.2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (tcdd) is a persistent bioaccumulative environmental contaminant that is an endocrine disruptor. embryos of various fish species are responsive to tcdd and have been used as an alternative method to the acute toxicity test with juvenile and adult fish. the tcdd test has similar endpoints of developmental toxicity. however, their sensitivity and signs of tcdd-induced toxicity are different depending on fish species and its habit. crucian carp (carassius auratus ...201424751158
anti-oxidative defences are modulated differentially in three freshwater teleosts in response to ammonia-induced oxidative stress.oxidative stress and the antioxidant response induced by high environmental ammonia (hea) were investigated in the liver and gills of three freshwater teleosts differing in their sensitivities to ammonia. the highly ammonia-sensitive salmonid oncorhynchus mykiss (rainbow trout), the less ammonia sensitive cyprinid cyprinus carpio (common carp) and the highly ammonia-resistant cyprinid carassius auratus (goldfish) were exposed to 1 mm ammonia (as nh4hco3) for 0 h (control), 3 h, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h, ...201424740135
comparative study of infection with tetrahymena of different ornamental fish species.tetrahymena is a ciliated protozoan that can infect a wide range of fish species, although it is most commonly reported in guppies (poecilia reticulata). the aim of this study was to compare the susceptibility to infection with tetrahymena of five different ornamental fish species from two different super orders. the species examined were platy (xiphophorus), molly (poecilia sphenops) and angelfish (pterophyllum scalare) of the acanthopterygii super order (which also includes guppies) and goldfi ...201424650892
identification and analysis of the jnk1 gene in polyploid hybrids of red crucian carp (carassius auratus red var.) and common carp (cyprinus carpio l.).c-jun n-terminal kinase (jnk) is an important member of the mitogen-activated protein kinase superfamily. the allotetraploid crucian carp is a product of distant hybridization of female red crucian carp with male common carp. it is the first natural case of an allotetraploid with stable genetic characters, including fertility of both female and male animals. in this study, 2 jnk1 cdnas (including jnk1a and jnk1b) have been cloned from the polyploid crucian carp system, consisting of the allotetr ...201424634111
evidence for the evolutionary origin of goldfish derived from the distant crossing of red crucian carp × common carp.distant hybridization can generate transgressive hybrid phenotypes that lead to the formation of new populations or species with increased genetic variation. in this study, we produced an experimental hybrid goldfish (eg) by distant crossing of red crucian carp (carassius auratus) × common carp (cyprinus carpio) followed by gynogenesis.201424628745
perfluorinated alkyl substances in water, sediment, plankton and fish from korean rivers and lakes: a nationwide survey.water, sediment, plankton, and blood and liver tissues of crucian carp (carassius auratus) and mandarin fish (siniperca scherzeri) were collected from six major rivers and lakes in south korea (including namhan river, bukhan river, nakdong river, nam river, yeongsan river and sangsa lake) and analyzed for perfluorinated alkyl substances (pfass). perfluorooctane sulfonate (pfos) was consistently detected at the greatest concentrations in all media surveyed with the maximum concentration in water ...201424529450
molecular cloning of pcc-dmrt1s and their specific expression patterns in pengze crucian carp (carassius auratus var. pengze) affected by 17α-methyltestosterone.dmrt1, an important transcription factor associated with testicular differentiation, is conserved among teleost, which could also be detected in ovaries. in the present study, three isoforms of pcc-dmrt1s (pcc-dmrt1a, pcc-dmrt1b and pcc-dmrt1c) resulting from alternative splicing of the dmrt1 gene were cloned and characterized in the triploid gynogenetic fish, the pengze crucian carp. their mrna expression profiling was investigated in juvenile developmental stages, tissues of the adult fish, an ...201424445816
enhanced bioaccumulation of pentachlorophenol in carp in the presence of multi-walled carbon nanotubes.the impact of suspended particles on the bioavailability of pollutants has long been a controversial topic. in this study, adsorption of pentachlorophenol (pcp) onto a natural suspended particulate matter (spm) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (mwcnts) was studied. facilitated transports of pcp into carp by spm and mwcnts were evaluated by bioaccumulation tests exposing carp (carassius auratus red var.) to pcp-contaminated water in the presence of spm and mwcnts, respectively. desorption of pcp ...201424151027
immune gene discovery in the crucian carp carassius auratus.the crucian carp carassius auratus (cyprinidae) is one of the important fish species in aquaculture. although the crucian carp has several economic benefits, their immune system and gene information have not been investigated in depth as yet. here, we performed the transcriptome analysis of c. auratus using the pyrosequencing method and selected several immune-related genes. of unigenes obtained in this species, we identified a number of immune system-related genes (e.g. adhesive protein, antimi ...201424287371
bioconcentration, metabolism, and biomarker responses in freshwater fish carassius auratus exposed to roxithromycin.to investigate the distribution, bioconcentration, metabolism, and biomarker responses of macrolide antibiotic roxithromycin (rox) in fish, crucian carp (carassius auratus) were exposed to various concentrations of rox (4, 20, and 100μgl(-1)) for 20d. the rox content in different tissues was quantified using uplc/ms/ms. the liver exhibited the highest rox concentration followed by the bile, gills, and muscle tissues. after 15d of exposure to different concentrations of rox, the bioconcentration ...201424210552
peculiar monomeric interferon gammas, ifnγrel 1 and ifnγrel 2, in ginbuna crucian carp.the existence of fish-specific isoforms of interferon (ifn)γ, known as ifnγ-related (ifnγrel), has been reported in several fish species. however, comparisons with deduced amino acid sequences of known ifnγrels among several fish species have indicated significant differences at the c-terminus basic amino acid continuous sequences, which indicate the existence of multiple ifnγrel isoforms. two distinct cdnas, encoding two ifnγrels, ifngrel 1 and ifngrel 2, were cloned from ginbuna crucian carp ( ...201424373358
the carp-goldfish nucleocytoplasmic hybrid has mitochondria from the carp as the nuclear donor species.it is widely accepted that mitochondria and its dna (mtdna) exhibit strict maternal inheritance, with sperm contributing no or non-detectable mitochondria to the next generation. in fish, nuclear transfer (nt) through the combination of a donor nucleus and an enucleated oocyte can produce fertile nucleocytoplasmic hybrids (nchs) even between different genera and subfamilies. one of the best studied fish nchs is cyca produced by transplanting the nuclei plus cytoplasm from the common carp (cyprin ...201424365595
helper function of cd4⁺ lymphocytes in antiviral immunity in ginbuna crucian carp, carassius auratus langsdorfii.although many recent studies have suggested that cd4(+) helper t cell (th-cell) functions are well conserved among teleost fishes and mammals, there is little evidence that cd4(+) th-cells in fish are actually involved in both humoral and cell-mediated immunity during a secondary immune response. in the present study, adoptive transfer using clonal ginbuna crucian carp and crucian carp hematopoietic necrosis virus (chnv) was used to investigate the functions of cd4(+) cells during humoral and ce ...201424342571
effects of cold acclimation and storage temperature on crucian carp (carassius auratus gibelio) in a waterless preservation.the research aims to explore the impact of cold acclimation and storage temperature on crucian carp in a waterless preservation. it is conducted by studying the influence of cold acclimation on crucian carp in temperatures of 5 and 1 °c h(-1), followed by having them preserved under waterless conditions at 4 and 0 °c for 24 h to analyze their aerobic and anaerobic capacities. the research findings revealed that the temperature drop at 1 °c h(-1) is conducive to preserving the activity of lactate ...201424338155
structure-activity studies with fragments and analogous of salmonid melanin-concentrating hormone.a number of cyclic and linear fragments and analogues of mch were synthesized and their biological potencies tested using the isolated carp scale melanophore assay. in this system the cyclic portion mch(5-14) exhibited only 0.1% bioactivity, which was markedly enhanced by the addition of the exocyclic sequences mch(15-17) and mch(1-4). the exocyclic sequence itself, mch(1-4,15-17), had minimal activity, however. substitution of tyr11 with phenylalanine reduced the potency of the ring structure m ...20142087435
development of a gill perfusion apparatus for studying the interaction of fish pathogens with gill tissue.an isolated perfused gill preparation was developed for the study of the association of gill pathogens with the branchial tissue. the preparation consisted of an excised branchial arch from common carp (cyprinus carpio l., minimum weight 300g), perfused via the afferent branchial artery. filtered and heparinised cortland solution was used as the perfusion fluid and infused by means of a drip (3-litre bag). the average perfusion rate was 1.5ml/minute/arch/kg body weight. the outflowing perfusate ...201425406105
the feedforward component in depolarizing red responses of r/g horizontal cells in carp retina.light responses of r/g chromaticity-type horizontal cells (r/g hcs) and luminosity-type horizontal cells (lhcs) were intracellularly recorded in isolated superfused carp retina, and the response dynamics analyzed. the results revealed that (1) no significant difference in delay was detected between r/g hc red and green responses; (2) the rising speed was quicker for r/g hc depolarizing red responses compared to that of its hyperpolarizing green responses; and (3) dynamic characteristics of r/g h ...201411193108
in vitro metabolism of permethrin isomers by carp and rainbow trout liver microsomes. 201444718
[a comparative study of the stereoselectivity of cholinoreceptors].muscarine-sensitive cholinoreceptors (m-chr) of higher vertebrates exhibit high stereoselectivity which is also revealed with respect to enantiomers of a very potent muscarinomimetic methyldilvasen (f-2268), the stereospecific index (ssi) being about 100. m-chrs in the neuronal membrane of the gastropod mollusc planorbarius corneus and in the hearts of the bivalve molluscs mercenaria stimpsoni and anadara broughtoni are highly sensitive to methyldilvasen (10(-9)-10(-10) m), but their sensitivity ...201495838
[reaction of horizontal cells of carp retina during ouabain inhibition of k-na-activated atpase]. 20144247694
[holographic interferometric study of swimbladder vibrations in the carp (cyprinus carpio)]. 20144422794
[proceedings: 353. chromatic responses of preganglionic units in the isolated carp retina (author's transl)]. 20144799914
[proceedings: 351. lateral spread of adaptational signals between the rods in the carp retina (author's transl)]. 20144799912
β-alanine does not act through branched-chain amino acid catabolism in carp, a species with low muscular carnosine storage.this study was executed to investigate the effect of dietary β-alanine (ba) on amino acid (aa) metabolism and voluntary feed intake in carp (cyprinus carpio) at mildly elevated temperature to exert aa catabolism. twenty-four fish in 12 aquaria were randomly assigned to either a control diet or the same diet with 500 mg ba/kg. a 14-day period at an ideal temperature (23 °c) was followed by 15 days at chronic mildly elevated temperature (27 °c). after the 15 days, all fish were euthanised for musc ...201525549626
trans- and cis-urocanic acid, biogenic amine and amino acid contents in ikan pekasam (fermented fish) produced from javanese carp (puntius gonionotus) and black tilapia (oreochromis mossambicus).ikan pekasam is a fermented fish product produced in malaysia and is usually made from freshwater fish with ground roasted uncooked rice as the main source of carbohydrate. in this study, the amino acid, biogenic amine, and trans- and cis-urocanic acid (uca) contents of fifteen commercial samples of ikan pekasam made from javanese carp and black tilapia, that had undergone either natural or acid-assisted fermentation, were quantified. the latter includes either tamarind (tamarindus indica) pulp ...201525442635
integrated assessment of biomarker response in carp (cyprinus carpio) and silver catfish (rhamdia quelen) exposed to clomazone.clomazone is considered a potential contaminant of groundwater and is persistent in the environment. to verify the effects of clomazone in cyprinus carpio and rhamdia quelen, a method that combines biomarker responses into an index of "integrated biomarker response" (ibr) was used for observed biological alterations in these species. thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances in liver of carp and silver catfish decreased at both concentrations tested. however, in muscle it increased in carp at 3 mg ...201525779373
cloning of a chub metallothionein cdna and development of competitive rt-pcr of chub metallothionein mrna as a potential biomarker of heavy metal exposure.metallothionein has been assayed in a range of aquatic animal tissues as an indicator of metal exposure. we sequenced chub (leuciscus cephalus) metallothionein cdna which showed over 90% homology to common carp, goldfish and stone loach and 77% homology to rainbow trout sequences for metallothionein. we then used the extended primer method to develop an accurate quantitative competitive rt-pcr assay for metallothionein mrna. rt-pcr was used to measure metallothionein mrna in feral chub from a ra ...201515178096
in vitro antioxidant and hepatoprotective potential of azolla microphylla phytochemically synthesized gold nanoparticles on acetaminophen - induced hepatocyte damage in cyprinus carpio l.the present study aims to evaluate the hepatoprotective and antioxidant effects of gold nanoparticles (gnap) biosynthesized through the mediation of azolla microphylla and a. microphylla extract on acetaminophen-induced hepatocyte damage in common carp fish (cyprinus carpio l.). the gold nanoparticles (100, 150, 200 μg/ml) and a. microphylla extract powder (100, 200, 400 μg/ml) were added to the primary hepatocytes in different conditions: treatment i (before 12 mm acetaminophen), treatment ii ( ...201525862331
enantioselective analysis of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in freshwater fish based on microextraction with a supramolecular liquid and chiral liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.toxicity of pharmaceuticals to aquatic biota is still largely unknown, and no research on the stereoselective toxicity of chiral drugs to these organisms has been undertaken to date. because of the lack of analytical methods available for this purpose, this manuscript deals, for the first time, with the enantioselective analysis of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (nsaids) ibuprofen, naproxen and ketoprofen in freshwater fish. the method was based on the microextraction of nsaids from f ...201525869485
bioaccumulation of heavy metals and microelements in silver bream (brama brama l.), northern pike (esox lucius l.), sterlet (acipenser ruthenus l.), and common carp (cyprinus carpio l.) from tisza river, serbia.the aim of this study was to determine the concentrations of al, as, b, cd, co, cr, cu, fe, hg, mn, ni, pb, se, sr, and zn in liver, gills, gonads, and brain of four ecologically different fish species in serbia: piscivorous northern pike, benthivorous sterlet and silver bream, and omnivorous common carp. fish were caught at four sites along the stretch of the river tisza in the pannonian part of serbia during october 2010. results revealed that heavy metals and microelements with the highest va ...201526039743
fatty acid composition of freshwater wild fish in subalpine lakes: a comparative study.in this study, the proximate and fatty acid compositions of the muscle tissue of 186 samples of fish belonging to fifteen species of freshwater fish harvested in subalpine lakes (bleak, shad, crucian carp, whitefish, common carp, pike, black bullhead, burbot, perch, italian roach, roach, rudd, wels catfish, chub and tench) were investigated. most of the fish demonstrated a lipid content in the fillet lower than 2.0 g 100 g(-1) wet weight (range 0.6-9.7). a strong relationship between feeding beh ...201525519933
use of a complex approach for assessment of metamizole sodium and acetylsalicylic acid toxicity, genotoxicity and cytotoxicity.a complex approach based on the use of test organisms belonging to different systematic groups (plants, invertebrates and vertebrates), as well as the nucleolar biomarker and the micronucleus test on their cells, was applied to assess the toxicity, cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of two pharmaceutical substances (metamizole sodium and acetylsalicylic acid) applied at ic(50) concentrations for mammalian cells. the compound acetylsalicylic acid was evaluated at a concentration (1.6 x 10(3) mg l(-1)) ...201515478170
experimental infection of aphanomyces invadans and susceptibility in seven species of tropical fish.epizootic ulcerative syndrome (eus) causes by aquatic oomycete fungus, aphanomyces invadans is a dangerous fish disease of a wide range of fresh and brackish water, wild and farmed fish throughout the world. the objective of the present study was to determine the susceptibility of a number of tropical fish species to the eus and compare the severity of infection between experimental groups.201527047195
effect of photoperiod on endocrine profiles and vitellogenin expression in european eels anguilla anguilla during artificially induced ovarian development.the aim of this work was to determine the effects of dark and light conditions on the e2, testosterone and thyroid hormones levels and on the gene expression levels (vitellogenin 1, vitellogenin 2, and estradiol receptor one) in european eels (anguilla anguilla) during ovarian development induced by increasing doses of carp pituitary extracts (cpes). the subjects were divided into 2 groups: 14-hour light:10-hour dark (light group) and 24-hour darkness (dark group). all the eels received intramus ...201525459031
in vitro glucuronidation kinetics of deoxynivalenol by human and animal microsomes and recombinant human ugt enzymes.the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (don), formed by fusarium species, is one of the most abundant mycotoxins contaminating food and feed worldwide. upon ingestion, the majority of the toxin is excreted by humans and animal species as glucuronide conjugate. first in vitro data indicated that don phase ii metabolism is strongly species dependent. however, kinetic data on the in vitro metabolism as well as investigations on the specific enzymes responsible for don glucuronidation in human are lacking. in ...201524927789
differential dna methylation analysis without a reference genome.genome-wide dna methylation mapping uncovers epigenetic changes associated with animal development, environmental adaptation, and species evolution. to address the lack of high-throughput methods for dna methylation analysis in non-model organisms, we developed an integrated approach for studying dna methylation differences independent of a reference genome. experimentally, our method relies on an optimized 96-well protocol for reduced representation bisulfite sequencing (rrbs), which we have va ...201526673328
gut melatonin in vertebrates: chronobiology and physiology.melatonin, following discovery in the bovine pineal gland, has been detected in several extra-pineal sources including gastrointestinal tract or gut. arylalkylamine n-acetyltransferase (aanat) is the key regulator of its biosynthesis. melatonin in pineal is rhythmically produced with a nocturnal peak in synchronization with environmental light-dark cycle. a recent study on carp reported first that melatonin levels and intensity of a ~23 kda aanat protein in each gut segment also exhibit signific ...201526257705
[hormonal induction of in vitro maturation and ovulation of loach oocytes and obtaining egg cells capable of fertilization and development].loach oocytes that have reached a definitive size and are surrounded by follicular envelopes are capable of maturation and ovulating under the effect of 1 μg/ml progesterone in 75% leibovitz medium with 1 g/l sodium bicarbonate or with ph adjustment to 9.0 by 1 n sodium hydroxide. inseminated eggs are developed until the stage of when adding 20% bovine serum to the incubation medium. substitution of the bovine serum with 10-20% loach ovarian fluid or 20% carp ovarian fluid provides more complete ...201526204771
mass mortality in ornamental fish, cyprinus carpio koi caused by a bacterial pathogen, proteus hauseri.moribund koi carp, cyprinus carpio koi, from a farm with 50% cumulative mortality were sampled with the aim of isolating and detecting the causative agent. three bacterial species viz., citrobacter freundii (nscf-1), klebsiella pneumoniae (nskp-1) and proteus hauseri [genomospecies 3 of proteus vulgaris bio group 3] (nsph-1) were isolated, identified and characterized on the basis of biochemical tests and sequencing of the 16s rdna gene using universal bacterial primers. challenge experiments wi ...201526028178
identification and characterization of cyprinid herpesvirus-3 (cyhv-3) encoded micrornas.micrornas (mirnas) are a class of small non-coding rnas involved in post-transcriptional gene regulation. some viruses encode their own mirnas and these are increasingly being recognized as important modulators of viral and host gene expression. cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (cyhv-3) is a highly pathogenic agent that causes acute mass mortalities in carp (cyprinus carpio carpio) and koi (cyprinus carpio koi) worldwide. here, bioinformatic analyses of the cyhv-3 genome suggested the presence of non-cons ...201525928140
identification and rapid diagnosis of the pathogen responsible for haemorrhagic disease of the gill of allogynogenetic crucian carp.in recent years, an epizootic causing severe mortality among allogynogenetic crucian carp (acc), designated as haemorrhagic disease of acc gill, occurred in yancheng city of jiangsu province of china. obvious haemorrhage in the gills of moribund fish and a mortality rate of 100% were observed when accs were artificially infected with liver homogenate from diseased fish. a herpes-like virus, with enveloped virions ranged from 170 to 220 nm in diameter, could be observed in the tissues of challeng ...201525839411
the role of rice fields, fish ponds and water canals for transmission of fish-borne zoonotic trematodes in aquaculture ponds in nam dinh province, vietnam.fish-borne zoonotic trematodes (fzt), such as clonorchis sinensis, opistorchis viverini (opisthorchiidae) and intestinal trematodes of the family heterophyidae, constitute a public health hazard in vietnam and infections with these trematodes has been linked to consumption of raw or undercooked fish from aquaculture. the fzt transmission pathways, however, are more complicated than just the presence of intermediate snail hosts in aquaculture ponds as ponds may exchange water with surrounding hab ...201526642755
the invasive fish tapeworm atractolytocestus huronensis (cestoda), a parasite of carp, colonises africa.biological invasions represent a serious threat for aquaculture because many of introduced parasites may negatively affect the health state of feral and cultured fish. in the present account, the invasive tapeworm atractolytocestus huronensis anthony, 1958 (cestoda: caryophyllidea), which was originally described from north america and has been introduced to europe including the british isles with its specific host, common carp (cyprinus carpio l.), is reported from africa for the first time. it ...201526091762
pathogenesis of acute and chronic diseases caused by cyprinid herpesvirus-3.the pathogenesis of cyprinid herpesvirus-3 (cyhv-3) was studied using different lineages of carp/koi. after exposure to the virus, infected cells were first found in the skin by histopathology and by in situ hybridization. the epidermis of the skin was most severely damaged and often sloughed off in the fish sampled on days 5 through 8, and the fish that were highly sensitive to the virus died within 8 or 10 days after infection. serum osmolality of the infected fish, particularly just before de ...201525073413
cyprinid herpesvirus 3 il10 inhibits inflammatory activities of carp macrophages and promotes proliferation of igm+ b cells and memory t cells in a manner similar to carp il10.cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (cyhv-3) is the causative agent of a lethal disease of carp and encodes for an il10 homolog (orf134). our previous studies with a recombinant orf134-deleted strain and the derived revertant strain suggested that cyprinid herpesvirus 3 il10 (cyhv-3 il10 [cyhv3il10]) is not essential for viral replication in vitro, or virulence in vivo. in apparent contrast, cyhv3il10 is one of the most abundant proteins of the cyhv-3 secretome and is structurally very similar to carp il10 a ...201526371255
cyprinid herpesvirus 3: an archetype of fish alloherpesviruses.the order herpesvirales encompasses viruses that share structural, genetic, and biological properties. however, members of this order infect hosts ranging from molluscs to humans. it is currently divided into three phylogenetically related families. the alloherpesviridae family contains viruses infecting fish and amphibians. there are 12 alloherpesviruses described to date, 10 of which infect fish. over the last decade, cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (cyhv-3) infecting common and koi carp has emerged as ...201526111587
application of a nanoflare probe specific to a latency associated transcript for isolation of khv latently infected cells.one of the unique features of herpesvirus infection is latent infection following an initial exposure, which is characterized by viral genome persistence in a small fraction of cells within the latently infected tissue. investigation of the mechanisms of herpesvirus latency has been very challenging in tissues with only a small fraction of cells that are latently infected. cyprinid herpesvirus 3, also known as koi herpesvirus (khv), is an important and deadly pathogen of koi and common carp, cyp ...201526087404
cholesterol-rich lipid rafts play an important role in the cyprinid herpesvirus 3 replication cycle.the cyprinus herpesvirus 3 (cyhv-3) is a member of the new alloherpesviridae virus family in the herpesvirales order. cyhv-3 has been implicated in a large number of disease outbreaks in carp populations causing up to 100% mortality. the aim of this study was to investigate the requirement of cholesterol-rich lipid rafts in cyhv-3 entry and replication in carp cells. plasma membrane cholesterol was depleted from common carp brain (ccb) cells with methyl-β-cyclodextrin (mβcd). treated and non-tre ...201526059657
functional characterization of viral tumor necrosis factor receptors encoded by cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (cyhv3) genome.cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (cyhv3) is a large double-stranded dna virus of alloherpesviridae family in the order herpesvirales. it causes significant morbidity and mortality in common carp and its ornamental koi variety, and threatens the aquaculture industries worldwide. mimicry of cytokines and cytokine receptors is a particular strategy for large dna viruses in modulating the host immune response. here, we report the identification and characterization of two novel viral homologues of tumor necro ...201526052019
recombinant lactobacillus expressing g protein of spring viremia of carp virus (svcv) combined with orf81 protein of koi herpesvirus (khv): a promising way to induce protective immunity against svcv and khv infection in cyprinid fish via oral vaccination.spring viremia of carp virus (svcv) and koi herpesvirus (khv) are highly contagious and pathogenic to cyprinid fish, causing enormous economic losses in aquaculture. although dna vaccines reported in recent years could induce protective immune responses in carps against these viruses via injection, there are a number of consequences and uncertainties related to dna vaccination. therefore, more effective and practical method to induce protective immunity such as oral administration would be highl ...201525981489
another potential carp killer?: carp edema virus disease in germany.infections with carp edema virus, a pox virus, are known from japanese koi populations since 1974. a characteristic clinical sign associated with this infection is lethargy and therefore the disease is called "koi sleepy disease". diseased koi also show swollen gills, enophthalmus, and skin lesions. mortality rates up to 80 % are described. for a long period of time, disease outbreaks seemed to be restricted to japan. however, during the last years clinical outbreaks of koi sleepy disease also o ...201525976542
cyprinid herpesvirus-3 (cyhv-3) disturbs osmotic balance in carp (cyprinus carpio l.)--a potential cause of mortality.cyprinid herpesvirus-3 (cyhv-3) causes a fatal disease in carp (cyprinus carpio) and its ornamental koi varieties which seriously affects production and trade of this fish species globally. up to now, the pathophysiology of this disease remains unclear. affected individuals develop most prominent lesions in gills, skin and kidney, in tissues which are involved in the osmotic regulation of freshwater teleosts. therefore, here serum and urine electrolyte levels were examined during the course of a ...201525888311
expression of immune-related genes of common carp during cyprinid herpesvirus 3 infection.fish herpesviruses and their hosts may have coevolved for 400 to 450 million yr. during this coexistence, the hosts have equipped themselves with an elaborate immune system to defend themselves from invading viruses, whereas the viruses have developed strategies to evade host immunity, including the expression of cytokine genes that have been captured from the host. taking advantage of our experimental model for cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (cyhv-3) persistence in carp, we studied the gene expression ...201525751855
rapid detection of cyprinid herpesvirus-3 (cyhv-3) using a gold nanoparticle-based hybridization assay.cyprinid herpesvirus-3 (cyhv-3) is a highly infectious pathogen that causes fatal disease in common and koi carp cyprinus carpio l. cyhv-3 detection is usually based on virus propagation or amplification of the viral dna using the pcr or lamp techniques. however, due to the limited susceptibility of cells used for propagation, it is not always possible to successfully isolate cyhv-3 even from tissue samples that have high virus titres. all previously described detection methods including pcr-bas ...201525738211
rational development of an attenuated recombinant cyprinid herpesvirus 3 vaccine using prokaryotic mutagenesis and in vivo bioluminescent imaging.cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (cyhv 3) is causing severe economic losses worldwide in common and koi carp industries, and a safe and efficacious attenuated vaccine compatible with mass vaccination is needed. we produced single deleted recombinants using prokaryotic mutagenesis. when producing a recombinant lacking open reading frame 134 (orf134), we unexpectedly obtained a clone with additional deletion of orf56 and orf57. this triple deleted recombinant replicated efficiently in vitro and expressed an ...201525700279
examination of the early infection stages of koi herpesvirus (khv) in experimentally infected carp, cyprinus carpio l. using in situ hybridization.koi herpesvirus (khv) causes a highly infectious disease afflicting common carp and koi, cyprinus carpio l. various molecular and antibody-based detection methods have been used to elucidate the rapid attachment and dissemination of the virus throughout carp tissues, facilitating ongoing development of effective diagnostic approaches. in situ hybridization (ish) was used here to determine the target tissues of khv during very early infection, after infecting carp with a highly virulent khv isola ...201524925228
identification and expression of the laboratory of genetics and physiology 2 gene in common carp cyprinus carpio.in this study, a laboratory of genetics and physiology 2 gene (lgp2) from common carp cyprinus carpio was isolated and characterized. the full-length complementary (c)dna of lgp2 was 3061 bp and encoded a polypeptide of 680 amino acids, with an estimated molecular mass of 77 341·2 da and a predicted isoelectric point of 6·53. the predicted protein included four main overlapping structural domains: a conserved restriction domain of bacterial type iii restriction enzyme, a dead-deah box helicase d ...201525359511
prevalence and characteristics of cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (cyhv-3) infection in common carp (cyprinus carpio l.) inhabiting three rivers in kochi prefecture, japan.cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (cyhv-3) causes lethal disease in common and koi carp. mortality by cyhv-3 disease has not been reported since 2011 in kochi prefecture, japan. here, we detected and quantified cyhv-3 in common carp inhabiting three rivers in the prefecture to examine if the carp are carriers of cyhv-3 as a source of infection. cyhv-3 dna was detected in 16.7% (12/72) of brain samples in kagami river, 3.9% (3/76) of brain and 3.9% (3/76) of gill samples in monobe river, and 5.1% (4/79) of ...201525554244
analysing codon usage bias of cyprinid herpesvirus 3 and adaptation of this virus to the hosts.the codon usage patterns of open reading frames (orfs) in cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (cyhv-3) have been investigated in this study. the high correlation between gc12 % and gc3 % suggests that mutational pressure rather than natural selection is the main factor that determines the codon usage and base component in the cyhv-3, while mutational pressure effect results from the high correlation between gc3 % and the first principal axis of principle component analysis (axis 1) on the relative synonymous ...201525491502
the structure of the cyprinid herpesvirus 3 orf112-zα·z-dna complex reveals a mechanism of nucleic acids recognition conserved with e3l, a poxvirus inhibitor of interferon response.in vertebrate species, the innate immune system down-regulates protein translation in response to viral infection through the action of the double-stranded rna (dsrna)-activated protein kinase (pkr). in some teleost species another protein kinase, z-dna-dependent protein kinase (pkz), plays a similar role but instead of dsrna binding domains, pkz has zα domains. these domains recognize the left-handed conformer of dsdna and dsrna known as z-dna/z-rna. cyprinid herpesvirus 3 infects common and ko ...201526559969
sensitivity of seven pcrs for early detection of koi herpesvirus in experimentally infected carp, cyprinus carpio l., by lethal and non-lethal sampling methods.koi herpesvirus (khv) causes an economically important, highly infectious disease in common carp and koi, cyprinus carpio l. since the occurrence of mass mortalities worldwide, highly specific and sensitive molecular diagnostic methods have been developed for khv detection. the sensitivity and reliability of these assays have essentially focused at the detection of low viral dna copy numbers during latent or persistent infections. however, the efficacy of these assays has not been investigated w ...201524547985
establishment of a new cell line susceptible to cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (cyhv-3) and possible latency of cyhv-3 by temperature shift in the cells.a new cell line named ccf-k104 predominantly consisting of fibroblastic cells showed optimal growth at temperatures from 25 °c to 30 °c. serial morphological changes in the cells induced by cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (cyhv-3) included cytoplasmic vacuolar formation, cell rounding and detachment. mature virions were purified from cyhv-3-infected ccf-k104 cells by sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation and had a typical herpesvirus structure on electron microscopy. infectious cyhv-3 was produced stably ...201524820532
comparative analysis of adaptive immune response after vaccine trials using live attenuated and formalin-killed cells of edwardsiella tarda in ginbuna crucian carp (carassius auratus langsdorfii).edwardsiella tarda is an intracellular pathogen that causes edwardsiellosis in fish. although vaccine trials with formalin-killed cells (fkc) have been reported, the vaccinations failed in protect against e. tarda infection. on the other hand, a live attenuated vaccine strategy is effective against edwardsiellosis; however, the mechanism underlying its effectiveness in fish is unclear. in the present study, we compared the adaptive immune responses in fish vaccinated with fkcs and live attenuate ...201525959574
higher antiviral response of rig-i through enhancing rig-i/mavs-mediated signaling by its long insertion variant in zebrafish.as an intracellular pattern recognition receptor (prr), the retinoic acid-inducible gene-i (rig-i) is responsible for the recognition of cytosolic viral nucleic acids and the production of type i interferons (ifns). in the present study, an insertion variant of rig-i with 38 amino acids inserted in the n-terminal card2 domain, as well as the typical type, named as rig-ia and rig-ib respectively were identified in zebrafish. rig-ia and rig-ib were all up-regulated following the infection of a neg ...201525524497
the first report of dactylogyrus formosus kulwiec, 1927 (monogenea: dactylogyridae) from goldfish (carassius auratus) in central china.dactylogyrus formosus kulwiec, 1927 (monogenea: dactylogyridae), widely distributed across eurasia, is considered as one of the most frequently encountered ectoparasites of goldfish (carassius auratus). in the present study, d. formosus on gills of cultured goldfish was reported in central china for the first time, using the methods of morphological characters and molecular markers. it was characterized by "anchoratoid-wegeneri" type anchor with elongate inner and unobvious outer root. the morph ...201525899326
isolation and characterization of a ranavirus from koi, cyprinus carpio l., experiencing mass mortalities in india.we investigated mass mortalities of koi, cyprinus carpio linnaeus, 1758, experienced in south indian fish farms by virus isolation, electron microscopy, pcr detection, sequencing of capsid protein gene and transmission studies. samples of moribund koi brought to the laboratory suffered continuous mortality exhibiting swimming abnormalities, intermittent surfacing and skin darkening. irido-like virus was isolated from the infected fish in the indigenous snakehead kidney cell line (snkd2a). icosah ...201524720625
crystal structure of the c-terminal domain of tubulin-binding cofactor c from leishmania major.tubulin-binding cofactor c stimulates gtpase activity and contributes to the release of the heterodimeric α/β-tubulin from a super-complex of tubulin monomers and two ancillary cofactors. we have determined the 2.2 å resolution crystal structure of the c-terminal domain of tubulin-binding cofactor c from leishmania major based on single wavelength anomalous dispersion measurements targeting a selenomethionine derivative. although previously predicted to consist of two domains the structure is be ...201525982270
susceptibility, metacercarial burden, and mortality of juvenile silver barb, common carp, mrigal, and tilapia following exposure to haplorchis taichui.fish-borne zoonotic trematodes (fzt) including heterophyids and opisthorchiids are prevalent in native and aquaculture fish in southeast asia. fzt are reported highly prevalent in juvenile aquaculture fish that belonged to the family heterophyidae, particularly haplorchis taichui. aquaculture fish are reported to have varying levels of natural infection with h. taichui, but data for their susceptibility as well as resistance to infection are not available. the aim of this study was to determine ...201525636245
inhibition of serpine1 reduces rhabdoviral infections in zebrafish.while exploring the molecular mechanisms behind the fin hemorrhages that follow zebrafish (danio rerio) early infection with viral haemorrhagic septicemia virus (vhsv), we discovered that most serpin (serine protease inhibitor) gene transcripts were upregulated, except those of serpine1. surprisingly, only serpine1-derived 14-mer peptide and low molecular weight drugs targeting serpine1 (i.e. tannic acid, egcg, tiplaxtinin) inhibited in vitro infections not only of vhsv, but also of other fish r ...201526363229
interactions of highly and low virulent flavobacterium columnare isolates with gill tissue in carp and rainbow trout.the interactions of flavobacterium columnare isolates of different virulence with the gills of carp (cyprinus carpio l.) and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss walbaum) were investigated. both fish species were exposed to different high (hv) or low virulence (lv) isolates and sacrificed at seven predetermined times post-challenge. histopathological and ultrastructural examination of carp and rainbow trout inoculated with the hv-isolate disclosed bacterial invasion and concomitant destruction of ...201525889257
gill infection model for columnaris disease in common carp and rainbow trout.challenge models generating gill lesions typical for columnaris disease were developed for the fry of both common carp cyprinus carpio and rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss by means of an immersion challenge and flavobacterium columnare field isolates were characterized regarding virulence. carp inoculated with highly virulent isolates revealed diffuse, whitish discoloration of the gills affecting all arches, while in trout mostly unilateral focal lesions, which were restricted to the first two ...201525488182
a cross-reactive human single-chain antibody for detection of major fish allergens, parvalbumins, and identification of a major ige-binding epitope.fish allergy is associated with moderate to severe ige-mediated reactions to the calcium binding parvalbumins present in fish muscle. allergy to multiple fish species is caused by parvalbumin-specific cross-reactive ige recognizing conserved epitopes. in this study, we aimed to produce cross-reactive single chain variable fragment (scfv) antibodies for the detection of parvalbumins in fish extracts and the identification of ige epitopes. parvalbumin-specific phage clones were isolated from the h ...201526579717
monoclonal antibody against m protein of spring viremia of carp virus.m protein of spring viremia of carp virus (svcv) was expressed in escherichia coli and then used to immunize balb/c mice. one monoclonal antibody (5a1) against m protein was generated by fusion of mouse myeloma cell line sp2/0 and spleen lymphocytes from immunized mice. the characterizations of this mab were confirmed by elisa (enzyme linked immunosorbent assay), ifa (immunofluorescent assay), and western blot analysis. all results indicate that mab 5a1 was specific to svcv m protein.201525897611
development of a hypoallergenic recombinant parvalbumin for first-in-man subcutaneous immunotherapy of fish allergy.the fast (food allergy-specific immunotherapy) project aims at developing safe and effective subcutaneous immunotherapy for fish allergy, using recombinant hypoallergenic carp parvalbumin, cyp c 1.201525765512
fish peptone development using enzymatic hydrolysis of silver carp by-products as a nitrogen source in staphylococcus aureus media.fish peptone was produced using enzymatic hydrolysis of silver carp filleting by-products by alcalase and trypsin. also, the efficiency of the hydrolysates as a nitrogen source in staphylococcus aureus medium was compared with commercial tsb. the results indicated that the protein hydrolysate from alcalase and trypsin had high protein content (92.92%, 91.53 respectively), and degree of hydrolysis (4.94%, 4.6% respectively).the results showed that silver carp filleting waste can be an efficient s ...201525838893
microrna profile analysis of epithelioma papulosum cyprini cell line before and after svcv infection.micrornas (mirnas) play significant roles in regulating almost all of the biological processes in eukaryotes. an accumulating body of evidence shows that mirnas are associated with cellular changes following viral infection. spring viremia of carp virus (svcv) is the pathogen of spring viremia of carp (svc), which results in heavy losses in the cultured common carp (cyprinus carpio) industry in many countries. to study the involvement of mirnas during svcv infection, we adopted the solexa sequen ...201525291211
establishment and characterization of fin cell lines from diploid, triploid, and tetraploid oriental weatherfish (misgurnus anguillicaudatus).continuous fin cell lines from diploid, triploid, and tetraploid oriental weatherfish, misgurnus anguillicaudatus, were established and characterized. the cell lines, designated dimf, trmf, and temf, respectively, were subcultured more than 80 times since initiation in october 2012 and were preserved at the china center for type culture collection as sample numbers c2013109, c2013110, c2013111, respectively. the cell lines consist predominantly of fibroblast-like cells. at the 50th passage, the ...201525721100
characterization of two thymosins as immune-related genes in common carp (cyprinus carpio l.).prothymosin alpha (protα) and thymosin beta (tβ) belong to thymosin family, which consists of a series of highly conserved peptides involved in stimulating immune responses. protα b and tβ are still poorly studied in teleost. here, the full-length cdnas of protα b and tβ-like (tβ-l) were cloned and identified in common carp (cyprinus carpio l.). the expressions of carp protα b and tβ-l exhibited rise-fall pattern and then trended to be stable during early development. after spring viraemia of ca ...201525596145
zebrafish irf1 regulates ifn antiviral response through binding to ifnϕ1 and ifnϕ3 promoters downstream of myd88 signaling.in mammals, type i ifns (mainly ifn-α/β) are primarily regulated by transcription factors of the ifn regulatory factor (irf) family. fish ifns do not show a one-to-one orthologous relationship with mammalian type i ifn homologues. using a bacterial one-hybrid reporter screening system and an overexpression approach to explore the molecular mechanism underlying fish ifn induction, we identified zebrafish danio rerio irf (drirf)1 as a positive regulator of the fish ifn antiviral response. among 12 ...201525535281
spring viraemia of carp virus induces autophagy for necessary viral replication.outbreaks of spring viraemia of carp virus (svcv) in several carp species and other cultivated fish can cause significant mortality and jeopardize the billion-dollar worldwide fish industry. spring viraemia of carp virus, also known as rhabdovirus carpio, is a bullet-shaped rna virus that enters and amplifies in gill epithelium and later spreads to internal organs. young fish under stressed conditions (spring cold water, etc.) are more vulnerable to svcv-induced lethality because of their lack o ...201525376386
recombinant saccharomyces cerevisiae serves as novel carrier for oral dna vaccines in carassius auratus.oral delivery of dna vaccines represents a promising vaccinating method for fish. recombinant yeast has been proved to be a safe carrier for delivering antigen proteins and dnas to some species in vivo. however, whether recombinant yeast can be used to deliver functional dnas for vaccination to fish is still unknown. in this study, red crucian carp (carassius auratus) was orally administrated with recombinant saccharomyces cerevisiae harboring cmv-egfp expression cassette. on day 5 post the firs ...201526481518
the fate of recent duplicated genes following a fourth-round whole genome duplication in a tetraploid fish, common carp (cyprinus carpio).whole genome duplication (wgd) results in extensive genetic redundancy. in plants and yeast, wgd is followed by rapid gene deletions and intense expression differentiation with slow functional divergence. however, the early evolution of the gene differentiation processes is poorly understood in vertebrates because almost all studied wgds are extremely ancient, and the genomes have returned to a diploid status. common carp had a very recent fourth round of wgd dated to 8 million years ago. it the ...201525645996
establishment of a new cell line from the heart of giant grouper, epinephelus lanceolatus (bloch), and its application in toxicology and virus susceptibility.a new marine fish cell line, derived from the heart of giant grouper, epinephelus lanceolatus (bloch), was established and characterized. the cell line was designated as elgh and subcultured with more than 60 passages. the elgh cells were mainly composed of fibroblast-like cells and multiplied well in leibovitz's l-15 medium supplemented with 10% foetal bovine serum (fbs) at 28 °c. chromosome analysis indicated that the modal chromosome number was 48. the fluorescent signals were detected in elg ...201524372271
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