Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| clinical presentation of pulmonary mycetoma in hiv-infected patients. | s: although pulmonary mycetoma has been well-described in immunocompetent hosts, the only description in hiv-infected patients has been of 10 patients from our institution, from 1992 to 1995. to further investigate the impact of hiv status on the presentation and course of pulmonary mycetoma, we conducted a follow-up study. | 2002 | 12226028 |
| alemtuzumab in previously treated chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients who also had received fludarabine. | this phase ii pilot study determined the efficacy and safety of alemtuzumab (campath-1h; burroughs wellcome, united kingdom) in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (cll), all of whom had previously received fludarabine and other chemotherapy regimens. | 2002 | 12228210 |
| tuberculosis in children dying with hiv-related lung disease: clinical-pathological correlations. | chris hani baragwanath hospital, soweto, south africa. | 2002 | 12234136 |
| [aids complicated by pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: report of 20 cases]. | to report our experience in diagnosis and treatment of aids complicated by pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp), and explore the relations between preventive medication and occurrence as well as recurrence of pcp. | 2002 | 12297457 |
| proliferative interstitial pneumonia, pneumocystis carinii infection, and immunodeficiency in an adult paso fino horse. | 2002 | 12322715 | |
| images in medicine. pneumocystis carinii choroiditis. | 2002 | 11989402 | |
| mutations in the dihydropteroate synthase gene of human-derived pneumocystis carinii isolates from italy are infrequent but correlate with prior sulfa prophylaxis. | mutations in the human-derived pneumocystis carinii dihydropteroate synthase (dhps) gene have been reported with increasing frequency and have been linked to prior sulfa prophylaxis and possible emergence of sulfa resistance. this study was done to examine the prevalence and clinical significance of p. carinii dhps mutations in italian patients. a previously described single-strand conformation polymorphism technique was used to identify p. carinii dhps mutations in 107 patients with acquired im ... | 2002 | 11992293 |
| characterizing the fragmentation of 2,5-bis (4-amidinophenyl)furan-bis-o-methylamidoxime and selected metabolites using ion trap mass spectrometry. | a novel prodrug [2,5-bis(4-amidinophenyl)furan-bis-o-methylamidoxime (db289)] of the promising antimicrobial agent, 2,5-bis(4-amidinophenyl)furan (db75), has excellent oral activity. it is currently undergoing phase ii clinical evaluation as an orally administered drug candidate against african trypanosomiasis and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. the sequential product ion (ms(n)) fragmentations of db289 and selected metabolites were characterized using ion trap mass spectrometry with electrospra ... | 2002 | 11992511 |
| introducing antisense oligonucleotides into pneumocystis carinii. | to improve the knowledge on pneumocystis carinii growth, a homologous p. carinii transformation system would provide a tool to promote replication of this fungus. antisense oligonucleotides have been successfully introduced by electroporation or direct uptake in order to downregulate the prohibitin negative function on cell cycle. | 2002 | 11997171 |
| pneumocystis carinii. | pneumocystis carinii is an atypical fungus that causes pneumonia in immunocompromised individuals. p. carinii comprises a heterogeneous group of organisms that have been isolated from a wide range of mammalian host species. p. carinii infection is host species specific, the p. carinii organisms that infect humans have only been found in humans. this review discusses the application of molecular techniques to the study of the biology and epidemiology of p. carinii infection. it addresses the use ... | 2002 | 11997305 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with and without hiv infection. | advances in the prevention and treatment of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in hiv infected patients have led to a decrease in the incidence and improved outcomes. pneumocystis carinii pneumonia continues to be problematic in non-hiv infected immunocompromised patients. | 2002 | 12085467 |
| comprehensive and definitive structural identities of pneumocystis carinii sterols. | pneumocystis causes a type of pneumonia in immunodeficient mammals, such as aids patients. mammals cannot alkylate the c-24 position of the sterol side chain, nor can they desaturate c-22. thus, the reactions leading to these sterol modifications are particularly attractive targets for the development of drugs against fungal and protozoan pathogens that make them. in the present study, the definitive structures of 43 sterol molecular species in rat-derived pneumocystis carinii were elucidated by ... | 2002 | 12091496 |
| european best practice guidelines for renal transplantation. section iv: long-term management of the transplant recipient. iv.7.1 late infections. pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | guidelines: a. approximately 5% of patients develop pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) after renal transplantation if they do not receive prophylaxis. pcp is a severe disease, with a very high fatality rate. therefore, all renal transplant recipients should receive pcp prophylaxis. the treatment of choice is trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (tmp-smx), at a dose of 80/400 mg/day or 160/800 mg every other day, for at least 4 months. patients who are treated for rejection should receive tmp-smx prop ... | 2002 | 12091642 |
| autopsy-proven determinants of death in hiv-infected patients treated for pulmonary tuberculosis in sao paulo, brazil. | the aim of this work is to describe and compare pulmonary pathology and proven causes of death in hiv-infected and non-hiv patients treated for tuberculosis, to identify the presence and extension of the lesions, and to suggest appropriate interventions based on the results. of 246 adult patients (aged > 15) autopsied with tuberculosis and tested for hiv infection at hospital das clinicas, school of medicine, são paulo university, from january 1994 to december 1996, 100 hiv-infected patients wer ... | 2002 | 12092770 |
| pneumonia in the immunocompromised pediatric cancer patient. | infectious complications including pneumonia remain a major obstacle to survival in children with cancer. pulmonary infections usually arise from aspiration of pathogens from the upper airways or from hematogenous spread. pathogens include bacteria, pneumocystis carinii, viruses, and fungi. in this article, we review in detail the pathogenic basis, evaluation, and management of pneumonia in the immunocompromised pediatric cancer patient. | 2002 | 11891516 |
| pulmonary infections in children with hiv infection. | the epidemic of pediatric acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) in the united states, which peaked during the mid-1980s and early 1990s, was characterized by a variety of opportunistic infections in children infected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), often as the presenting illness of their hiv infection. pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) during infancy was responsible for significant morbidity and mortality, followed by many other opportunistic infections, including recurrent, ser ... | 2002 | 11891517 |
| subtractive hybridization analysis of pneumocystis carinii gene activation induced by interaction with lung epithelial cells and matrix. | 2002 | 11893698 | |
| oral manifestations in 101 cambodians with hiv and aids. | the hiv/aids epidemic in cambodia has become a major problem in the last 7-8 years, mainly because in this formerly war-stricken country the socioeconomic situation is only slowly improving. since only very few studies have been published to date on the oral health status of cambodian hiv/aids patients, it was the purpose of the present investigation to study oral manifestations in cambodian patients with hiv disease. | 2002 | 11896815 |
| alterations in t lymphocyte profiles of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from siv- and pneumocystis carinii-coinfected rhesus macaques. | the goal of this study was to examine siv- and pneumocystis carinii-coinfected rhesus macaques as a model of p. carinii infection in hiv-seropositive humans. the influence of p. carinii infection on the cellular composition of bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) fluid from siv-infected and normal rhesus macaques was examined by flow cytometric analysis and polymerase chain reaction (pcr). bal fluid from siv- and p. carinii coinfected macaques showed a substantial t lymphocyte influx composed of more th ... | 2002 | 11897041 |
| nocardia infection in lung transplant recipients. | nocardia is responsible for infection in both normal and immunocompromised hosts. organ transplant recipients are increasingly recognized as a sub-group of immunocompromised patients in whom nocardia is an important pathogen. the frequency of nocardia in organ transplant recipients varies between 0.7% and 3%. nocardia infection has largely been reported in heart, kidney and liver transplant recipients. presentations of nocardia in lung transplant recipients have been restricted primarily to case ... | 2002 | 11897524 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in a girl with a midbrain glioma. | a 7-year-old girl with a midbrain glioma contracted pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in the absence of cytotoxic or corticosteroid therapy. gliomas are known to cause immunosuppression, and pcp prophylaxis should be considered for patients with these tumors. | 2002 | 11881789 |
| co-existence between oral lesions and opportunistic systemic diseases among hiv-infected subjects in thailand. | the purpose of this study was to determine whether any relationship exists between the occurrence of oral lesions and opportunistic systemic diseases among hiv-infected subjects. | 2002 | 11903823 |
| expression of simian immunodeficiency virus nef in immune cells of transgenic mice leads to a severe aids-like disease. | in order to study the functions of simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) nef in vivo in a small-animal model, we constructed transgenic (tg) mice expressing the siv(mac)239 nef gene in the natural target cells of the virus under the control of the human cd4 gene promoter (cd4c). these cd4c/shiv-nef(siv) tg mice develop a severe aids-like disease, with manifestations including premature death, failure to thrive or weight loss, wasting, thymic atrophy, an especially low number of peripheral cd8+ t c ... | 2002 | 11907238 |
| opportunistic infections are preceded by a rapid fall in antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (anca) titer in patients with anca associated vasculitis. | to study the clinical course and changes in antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (anca) titers in patients with anca associated vasculitis (aav) who developed opportunistic infections. | 2002 | 11908563 |
| corticosteroids in ards. an evidence-based review. | in general, a rule for corticosteroids in preventing or relieving the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ards) has yet to be established, although these drugs are indicated for conditions such as pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. high-dose corticosteroids have not been shown to reduce mortality through their anti-inflammatory properties when given early to patients with sepsis, septic shock, or ards. corticosteroids have been shown, however, to reduce mortality in patients with late ards only in ... | 2002 | 11910734 |
| opportunistic infections in patients with and patients without acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | in the next decade, longer survival of patients with cancer and more-aggressive therapies applied to common conditions, such as asthma and rheumatoid arthritis, will result in a larger population with significant immune system defects. many in this population will be at risk for opportunistic infections, which are familiar to doctors who have treated people infected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). however, the epidemiology, presentation, and outcome of these infections in patients with ... | 2002 | 11914999 |
| impact of highly active antiretroviral therapy on individual aids-defining illness incidence and survival in australia. | to determine the effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy (haart) on incidence of initial aids-defining illnesses (adis) and survival after individual adis. | 2002 | 11917244 |
| identification of pneumocystis carinii dna in oropharyngeal mouth washes from aids children dying of respiratory illnesses. | polymerase chain reaction (pcr) using pneumocystis carinii-specific primers paz 102-h(5'-gtgtacgttgcaaagtactc-3') and paz 102-e(5'-gatggctgtttccaagccca-3') was performed on oropharyngeal washes obtained at autopsy from 22 aids children with histologically confirmed p. carinii pneumonia (pcp), and 48 control aids children who died from other infections. fifteen of 22 (68%) pcp samples and none of 48 (0%) control samples had detectable p. carinii dna (sensitivity 68%; specificity 100%; positive pr ... | 2002 | 11919499 |
| genetic diversity of pneumocystis carinii f. sp. hominis based on variations in nucleotide sequences of internal transcribed spacers of rrna genes. | a variety of genes have been used to type pneumocystis carinii. in the present study, nucleotide sequence variations in the its1 and its2 internal transcribed spacer (its) regions of the rrna genes were used to type pneumocystis carinii f. sp. hominis dna obtained from the lungs of 60 human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals. these regions were amplified by pcr, cloned, and sequenced. multibase polymorphisms were identified among samples. several new genotypes are reported on the basis ... | 2002 | 11923323 |
| probable mother-to-infant transmission of pneumocystis carinii f. sp. hominis infection. | a mother and her 4.5-week-old infant had pneumocystis carinii pneumonia contemporaneously. genotyping of p. carinii f. sp. hominis dna at three independent loci showed the same genotype in samples from mother and infant. these data suggest transmission of p. carinii organisms from the mother to her infant. | 2002 | 11923396 |
| management of opportunistic infection prophylaxis in the highly active antiretroviral therapy era. | prophylaxis and maintenance therapy against opportunistic infections are a mainstay of management of hiv-infected patients and have led to a significant improvement in quality of life and survival. antiretroviral combination therapy (art) has markedly changed the natural course of hiv infection. incidence of opportunistic infections (ois) has declined and survival after an oi has improved. achieving a cd4 count of 200 cells/l after 6 months of art is a valuable marker for low risk of oi afterwar ... | 2002 | 11927049 |
| pathology and causes of death in a group of 128 predominantly hiv-positive patients in botswana, 1997-1998. | little is known about causes of death in countries of southern africa seriously affected by the hiv/aids epidemic. | 2002 | 11931402 |
| frequency and type of serious infections in fludarabine-refractory b-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia and small lymphocytic lymphoma: implications for clinical trials in this patient population. | treatments for fludarabine-refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia (cll)/small lymphocytic lymphoma (sll) are limited. most new therapies being examined in fludarabine-refractory patients have shown a high frequency of serious infection. little data exist regarding the frequency of infections in this population treated with noninvestigational best supportive care therapies. | 2002 | 11932906 |
| morbidity and mortality in south african gold miners: impact of untreated disease due to human immunodeficiency virus. | a cohort of 1792 human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-positive and 2970 hiv-negative south african miners was observed for 12 months starting in february 1998. all-cause hospitalizations and deaths were significantly associated with hiv infection (respective unadjusted incidence rate ratios, 2.9 and 9.2; respective 95% confidence intervals, 2.5-3.4 and 5.5-16.0). tuberculosis (tb), bacterial pneumonia, cryptococcosis, and trauma were the major causes of admission for hiv-positive patients, whereas ... | 2002 | 11941552 |
| pneumocystis carinii infection in bilateral aural polyps in a human immunodeficiency virus-positive patient. | pneumocystis carinii is an opportunistic infection found in patients with impaired immunity. under favourable conditions the parasite can spread via the blood stream or lymphatic vessels and cause extrapulmonary dissemination. we report a case of p carinii infection presenting as bilateral aural polyps, otitis media and mastoiditis in human immunodeficiency (hiv)-positive patient with no history of prior or concomitant p carinii infection. | 2002 | 11945191 |
| identification of pneumocystis carinii dna by polymerase chain reaction in necropsy lung samples from children dying of respiratory tract illnesses. | polymerase chain reaction for pneumocystis carinii dna was performed on necropsy lung samples from children by means of p carinii -specific primers.p carinii dna was identified in 22 of 22 (100%) samples with histologically proven p carinii pneumonia and 13 of 75 (17%) with non-p carinii pneumonia respiratory illness (sensitivity, 100%; specificity, 83%). the low specificity precludes the use of polymerase chain reaction as an alternative to histopathologic diagnosis. | 2002 | 11953737 |
| n-terminal n-myristoylation of proteins: refinement of the sequence motif and its taxon-specific differences. | n-terminal n-myristoylation is a lipid anchor modification of eukaryotic and viral proteins targeting them to membrane locations, thus changing the cellular function of modified proteins. protein myristoylation is critical in many pathways; e.g. in signal transduction, apoptosis, or alternative extracellular protein export. the myristoyl-coa:protein n-myristoyltransferase (nmt) recognizes the sequence motif of appropriate substrate proteins at the n terminus and attaches the lipid moiety to the ... | 2002 | 11955007 |
| opportunistic infections: an update. | with highly active antiretroviral therapy (haart), the overall incidence of opportunistic infections (ois) has declined and survival after an aids-defining event has improved. however, rates of mycobacterial diseases and cytomegalovirus (cmv) disease remain high for the first 3 months before declining. achieving a cd4 count of 200 cells/ micro l after 6 months of haart is a valuable marker for a subsequent low risk of ois. different clinical manifestations of ois may be attributable to immunopat ... | 2002 | 11956497 |
| pneumocystis carinii: where are we now? | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) is still the commonest aids-defining condition in the uk, although absolute numbers have fallen since 1990 with the advent of prophylaxis and highly active antiretroviral therapy (haart). further decreases in its incidence are unlikely unless efforts are made to reduce late first presentations of hiv, improve retention of patients in care and improve adherence to p. carinii prophylaxis. the widespread development of key mutations in the p. carinii dihydropter ... | 2002 | 11956498 |
| arterial splenic calcifications in children with aids: two case reports. | splenic calcifications in aids patients are usually round and result from infections with opportunistic pathogens such as pneumocystis carinii, mycobacterium avium-intracellulare and cytomegalovirus. we describe here a remarkable echopattern of the spleen in two pediatric patients, resulting from linear, branching calcifications in the splenic parenchymal arteries. we believe this echopattern represents the ultrasonographic manifestation of an hiv-associated vasculopathy. | 2002 | 11956733 |
| prophylaxis for human immunodeficiency virus-related pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: using simulation modeling to inform clinical guidelines. | human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (haart) have experienced a dramatic decrease in pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp), necessitating reassessment of clinical guidelines for prophylaxis. | 2002 | 11966344 |
| [diagnostic criteria for hiv/aids in japan]. | in japan, criteria for the diagnosis of hiv infection and aids have been revised in 1999. for the diagnosis of hiv infection, hiv-positivity has to be confirmed by western blot test or nucleic acid tests such as pcr for hiv when the results of screening tests for anti-hiv antibodies (elisa) are positive. diagnosis of aids can be made when hiv-infected persons show any one of 23 indicator diseases. criteria for the diagnosis of these 23 diseases are described. the indicator disease most frequentl ... | 2002 | 11968774 |
| [clinical impact of combination antiretroviral therapy]. | after the advent of hiv protease inhibitor in 1995, the clinical feature of hiv disease has been dramatically changed. combination antiretroviral therapy containing protease inhibitor can suppress the viral load under the detection limit and recover the immune status in hiv-infected individuals. however, it still seems impossible to eradicate the viruses from infected individuals. they will have to continue the combination therapy for life with good compliance because incomplete viral suppressio ... | 2002 | 11968781 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with malignant haematological diseases: 10 years' experience of infection in gimema centres. | a retrospective survey was conducted over a 10-year period (1990-99) among 52 haematology divisions in order to evaluate the clinical and laboratory characteristics and outcome of patients with proven pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) complicating haematological diseases. the study included 55 patients (18 with non-hodgkin's lymphoma, 10 with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, eight with acute myeloid leukaemia, five with chronic myeloid leukaemia, four with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, four wi ... | 2002 | 11972521 |
| [spontaneous resolution of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia]. | a 58-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital complaining of fever, dry cough, and exertional dyspnea. chest radiographs showed diffuse interstitial infiltrates in both lungs, and blood gas analysis showed moderate hypoxemia. the levels of serum kl-6 and beta-d-glucan were markedly elevated. bronchoscopy was performed and pneumocystis carinii was found in the balf and transbronchial lung biopsy specimens. a positive reaction for the htlv-i antibody was obtained, and htlv-i proviral dna was de ... | 2002 | 11974868 |
| use of recombinant cellulose-binding domains of trichoderma reesei cellulase as a selective immunocytochemical marker for cellulose in protozoa. | some unicellular organisms are able to encyst as a protective response to a harmful environment. the cyst wall usually contains chitin as its main structural constituent, but in some cases, as in acanthamoeba, it consists of cellulose instead. specific cytochemical differentiation between cellulose and chitin by microscopy has not been possible, due to the similarity of their constituent beta-1,4-linked hexose backbones. thus, various fluorescent brightening agents and lectins bind to both cellu ... | 2002 | 11976127 |
| lipopolysaccharide-binding protein as a new and reliable infection marker after kidney transplantation. | the early and reliable differentiation of rejections, viral infections and bacterial infections is one of the main problems after organ transplantation. one promising solution to this problem is the lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (lbp), which is regulated upwards in gram-negative sepsis and related conditions. therefore, the aim of our study was to explore the diagnostic potential of lbp serum levels in well-defined, non-infectious and infectious events after kidney transplantation (ktx). in ... | 2002 | 11976738 |
| granulomatous pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with malignancy. | a review was undertaken of the clinical features and results of diagnostic tests in non-hiv infected patients who developed granulomatous pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). | 2002 | 11978921 |
| pneumocystis carinii f. sp. hominis is not infectious for scid mice. | the infectious power of pneumocystis carinii f. sp. hominis was explored by inoculating scid mice intranasally with either p. carinii f. sp. hominis or p. carinii f. sp. muris isolates. only mice inoculated with mouse parasites developed pneumocystis pneumonia, as assessed by microscopy and pcr. these results suggest that humans do not contract pneumocystosis from animals. | 2002 | 11980979 |
| medical management of patients with brain tumors. | the most common medical problems in brain tumor patients involve the management of seizures, peritumoral edema, medication side effects, and venous thromboembolism. despite the importance of these issues, there are very few studies specifically addressing them. nonetheless, there has been some progress in recent years. there is increasing evidence that brain tumor patients who have not had a seizure do not benefit from prophylactic antiepileptic medications. patients taking corticosteroids are a ... | 2002 | 11981275 |
| cd25+cd4+ regulatory t cells suppress cd4+ t cell-mediated pulmonary hyperinflammation driven by pneumocystis carinii in immunodeficient mice. | the cd4(+) t cell-mediated inflammatory response to pneumocystis carinii (pc) critically contributes to the clinical severity of pc pneumonia. it has been suggested that lymphopenic conditions predispose individuals to this immunopathology, although the mechanisms remain poorly understood. another set of evidence indicates that a subpopulation of cd4(+) t cells constitutively expressing the cd25 molecule prevent lymphopenia-induced autoimmunity and inflammatory bowel disease. we tested the abili ... | 2002 | 11981815 |
| preservation of clonal heterogeneity of the pneumocystis carinii-specific cd4 t cell repertoire in hiv infected, asymptomatic individuals. | the loss of cd4 lymphocytes in hiv disease associates with opportunistic infections. since diverse cd4 t cell clones respond to an opportunistic pathogen, we asked whether cd4 depletion deletes selected clones in the repertoire (vertical depletion) or it affects all clones by reducing the cell number in each progeny without affecting the overall number of clones (horizontal depletion). understanding this point may help explain the mode of cd4 depletion and the mode of immunoreconstitution after ... | 2002 | 11982603 |
| infectious disease prophylaxis in renal transplant patients: a survey of us transplant centers. | definitive approaches to most infectious diseases following renal transplantation have not been established, leading to different approaches at different transplant centers. to study the extent of these differences, we conducted a survey of the practices surrounding specific infectious diseases at us renal transplant centers. a survey containing 103 questions covering viral, bacterial, mycobacterial and protozoal infections was developed. surveys were sent to program directors at all u.s. renal ... | 2002 | 11982608 |
| failure to thrive and history of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in a six-year-old hispanic boy. | 2002 | 12005094 | |
| significance of abnormal chest radiograph findings in patients with hiv-1 infection without respiratory symptoms. | patients with hiv-1 infection or aids may present with abnormal chest radiograph (cxr) findings in the absence of symptoms specific to the lung. the objective was to determine the spectrum of disease and the diagnostic modalities employed in these patients. | 2002 | 12006431 |
| stavudine-associated peripheral neuropathy in zidovudine-naïve patients: effect of stavudine exposure and antiretroviral experience. | a post hoc analysis of safety data from study protocol nzt40012 assessed the incidence of conditions defined by the centers for disease control and prevention in 86 zidovudine-naïve, antiretroviral-experienced patients with hiv-1 infection who responded poorly (plasma hiv-1 rna > 1000 copies/ml) despite at least 4 months' treatment with stavudine-containing regimens. peripheral neuropathy occurred in 21%; other conditions were seen less frequently (candidiasis [13%], herpes zoster [12%], diarrhe ... | 2002 | 12008857 |
| heterozygosity for ccr5-delta32 but not ccr2b-64i protects against certain intracellular pathogens. | to determine the association between ccr5 and ccr2b genotype and the clinical manifestation of first and subsequent aids-defining illnesses (adis). | 2002 | 12010355 |
| the pneumocystis carinii drug target s-adenosyl-l-methionine:sterol c-24 methyl transferase has a unique substrate preference. | pneumocystis is an opportunistic pathogen that can cause pneumonitis in immunodeficient people such as aids patients. pneumocystis remains difficult to study in the absence of culture methods for luxuriant growth. recombinant protein technology now makes it possible to avoid some major obstacles. the p. carinii expressed sequence tag (est) database contains 11 entries of a sequence encoding a protein homologous to s-adenosyl-l-methionine (sam):c-24 sterol methyl transferase (smt), suggesting hig ... | 2002 | 12010494 |
| simultaneous splenectomy increases risk for opportunistic pneumonia in patients after liver transplantation. | life threatening pneumonias after liver transplantation are often caused by opportunistic pathogens such as legionella pneumophila, pneumocystis carinii, aspergillus species and cytomegalovirus (cmv). due to the high incidence of morbidity and mortality caused by these pneumonias we reviewed 700 liver transplants for risk factors for the development of opportunistic pneumonia. immunosuppression was commenced as either cyclosporin a- or tacrolimus-based protocols. in a subgroup of patients, splen ... | 2002 | 12012043 |
| 3: community-acquired pneumonia. | community-acquired pneumonia is caused by a range of organisms, most commonly streptococcus pneumoniae, mycoplasma pneumoniae, chlamydia pneumoniae and respiratory viruses. chest x-ray is required for diagnosis. a risk score based on patient age, coexisting illness, physical signs and results of investigations can aid management decisions. patients at low risk can usually be managed with oral antibiotics at home, while those at higher risk should be further assessed, and may need admission to ho ... | 2002 | 12013330 |
| dihydrofolate reductase gene polymorphisms in pneumocystis carinii f. sp. hominis in japan. | this study examined polymorphisms in the dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) gene of pneumocystis carinii isolates from 27 patients with p. carinii pneumonia (pcp) in japan. four substitution sites with two synonymous and two non-synonymous changes were found. two synonymous substitutions at nucleotide positions 540 and 312 were identified in one and 13 patients, respectively. two amino acid substitutions (ala67val, cysl66tyr) were found in two different patients. no linkage of amino acid substitutio ... | 2002 | 12018659 |
| human immunodeficiency virus protease inhibitors and pneumocystis carinii. | 2002 | 12023783 | |
| resurrection of steroids for sepsis resuscitation. | corticosteroids were proposed to treat patients with severe sepsis as early as 1940. a summary of all available randomized controlled trials performed between 1966 and 1993 was provided in two systematic review that recommended to abandon the use of high dose coricosteroids to treat patients with severe infection. nonetheless, a doubt still persist regarding the efficacy of a strategy of replacement therapy in cathecolamines-dependent shock. this strategy relies mainly on the concept that septic ... | 2002 | 12024069 |
| pneumocystis carinii. | 2002 | 12035661 | |
| structure-based enzyme inhibitor design: modeling studies and crystal structure analysis of pneumocystis carinii dihydrofolate reductase ternary complex with pt653 and nadph. | structural data are reported for n-(2,4-diaminopteridin-6-yl)methyldibenz[b,f]azepine (pt653), an example of structure-based inhibitor design with 21-fold selectivity for pneumocystis carinii dihydrofolate reductase (pcdhfr) relative to rat liver dihydrofolate reductase (rldhfr). these data test the hypothesis that 2,4-diaminopteridines with a bulky n,n-diarylaminomethyl side chain at the 6-position could fit better into the larger active site of pcdhfr than into that of mammalian dhfr. the crys ... | 2002 | 12037296 |
| glycyrrhizin: an alternate drug for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in aids patients. | 2002 | 12038674 | |
| osteopetrosis, lymphedema, anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, and immunodeficiency in a boy and incontinentia pigmenti in his mother. | a child with x-linked osteopetrosis, lymphedema, anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, and immunodeficiency (ol-eda-id) was recently reported. we report the clinical features of a second boy with this novel syndrome and his mother, who presented with signs of incontinentia pigmenti (ip). the child had mild osteopetrosis without neurosensory complications, unilateral lymphedema of the left leg, and characteristic features of anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia with sparse hair, facial dysmorphy, delayed e ... | 2002 | 12042591 |
| hrct findings of chest complications in patients with leukemia. | high-resolution ct (hrct) findings of several chest complications occurring in leukemic patients were reviewed. although most entities show non-specific hrct findings including ground-glass opacity and air-space consolidation, characteristic findings are observed in several pulmonary complications including pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, fungal infections, miliary tuberculosis, leukemic infiltration, pulmonary edema, bronchiolitis obliterans, and bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia. a ... | 2002 | 12042962 |
| clinical and epidemiologic aspects of human immunodeficiency virus-1-infected children in buenos aires, argentina. | argentina has the sixth largest number of cumulative pediatric cases of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) in the americas; therefore, this study was designed to characterize human immunodeficiency virus-1 (hiv-1) infection in children in buenos aires, argentina. | 2002 | 12044295 |
| management of newborns exposed to maternal hiv infection. | the management of infants whose mothers are infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) involves minimizing the risk of vertical transmission of hiv, recognizing neonatal hiv infection early, preventing opportunistic infections, and addressing psychosocial issues. maternal antiretroviral drug therapy during pregnancy and labor, followed by six weeks of neonatal zidovudine therapy, can significantly decrease the risk of vertical transmission. additional antiretroviral drugs may be needed ... | 2002 | 12046772 |
| a comparison of two surface sample collection devices for use in polymerase chain reaction based detection of pneumocystis carinii in house dust. | a polymerase chain reaction assay was optimized to detect p. carinii cysts in composite dust samples. the optimal assay was capable of detecting as few as 10(3) p. carinii cysts in 50 mg of dust. two dust collection devices were evaluated for efficiency and precision of collection of bulk dust and compatibility with the optimized pcr protocol for p. carinii dna detection. a handheld vacuum cleaner equipped with a high-retention bag was found to be superior to a 37-mm filter cassette attached to ... | 2002 | 12049431 |
| [severe bacterial infections after prophylactic suppression of pneumocystis carinii in hiv infected patients after cd4 lymphocyte recovery]. | 2002 | 12049699 | |
| cay-i, a fungicidal saponin from capsicum sp. fruit. | saponins are steroidal or terpenoid-based glycosides with surface active properties. a steroidal saponin, cay-1, with a molecular weight of 1243.35 da, was isolated and purified to homogeneity from commercially available dry, ground fruit of capsicum frutescens. cay-1 was shown to be a potent fungicide for the germinating conidia of aspergillus flavus, a. fumigatus, a. parasiticus and a. niger with species-dependent ld90 values between 3 and 20 microm. activity against some aspergillus species w ... | 2002 | 12058725 |
| the impact of novel immunosuppressive agents on infections in organ transplant recipients and the interactions of these agents with antimicrobials. | several of the new immunosuppressive agents that are used to treat transplant recipients possess in vitro activity against specific pathogens, enhance the activity of antimicrobial agents, or have unique drug interactions with antimicrobial agents. mycophenolate mofetil may have a protective effect against pneumocystis carinii; it also enhances the activity of ganciclovir and has strong antiviral activity against human immunodeficiency virus type 1. high doses of mycophenolate mofetil have been ... | 2002 | 12060875 |
| molecular characterization of recombinant pneumocystis carinii topoisomerase i: differential interactions with human topoisomerase i poisons and pentamidine. | the pneumocystis carinii topoisomerase i-encoding gene has been cloned and sequenced, and the expressed enzyme interactions with several classes of topoisomerase i poisons have been characterized. the p. carinii topoisomerase i protein contains 763 amino acids and has a molecular mass of ca. 90 kda. the expressed enzyme relaxes supercoiled dna to completion and has no mg2+ requirement. cleavage assays reveal that both the human and p. carinii enzymes form covalent complexes in the presence of ca ... | 2002 | 12069967 |
| transient clinical deterioration in hiv patients with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia after starting highly active antiretroviral therapy: another case of immune restoration inflammatory syndrome. | 2002 | 12070070 | |
| the post-mortem pathology of hiv-1-infected african children. | a retrospective review of autopsy findings and medical records in 33 hiv-infected children living in a kenyan orphanage is described. their ages ranged from 1 month to 18 years and median age at death was 71 months (range 7-156). respiratory disorders were probably the primary cause of death in 21 (64%), in 19 (90%) of whom pyogenic parenchymal lung disease was detected. a presumptive clinical diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis had been made in 14 (67%); these children also had a history of rec ... | 2002 | 12070947 |
| [frequency of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in hiv-infected patients in tunisia]. | in tunisia, as in most african countries, pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) is considered to be rare in hiv-infected patients. frequencies of 8.6% and 21% have been reported. we examined 27 broncho-alveolar lavage specimens collected from hiv-infected tunisian individuals with respiratory symptoms over 4 years (1994-1997), by cyto centrifugation, giemsa and gomori-grocott stain. pneumocystis carinii (p carinii) was present in 9 cases, accounting for 33.3% of all specimens. investigation of th ... | 2002 | 12071041 |
| effectiveness of twice-weekly pyrimethamine-sulfadoxine as primary prophylaxis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and toxoplasmic encephalitis in patients with advanced hiv infection. | the safety and efficacy of a fixed 25 mg pyrimethamine-500 mg sulfadoxine combination supplemented with 15 mg folinic acid twice a week as primary prophylaxis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) and toxoplasmic encephalitis was evaluated in 106 patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. all patients had a cd4+ t-lymphocyte count of less than 100 cells/microl at study entry. efficacy in this single-arm open-label prospective study was analyzed on an as-treated basis. no patient ... | 2002 | 12072919 |
| [trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole as antibacterial prophylaxis during induction therapy of children with acute lymphatic leukemia]. | children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (all) are treated with intensive chemotherapy, which results in profound immunosuppression. treatment with trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole (tmp-smx) is therefore used in some departments as prophylaxis against infections with both bacteria and pneumocystis carinii. the use of tmp/smx for prophylaxis during the induction therapy is not uniform in the four departments of paediatric oncology in denmark. this gave us the opportunity to describe the effect o ... | 2002 | 11838420 |
| efficacy of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for the prevention of bacterial infections in a randomized prophylaxis trial of patients with advanced hiv infection. | we compared the occurrences of several types of infections in hiv-infected patients participating in a randomized clinical trial of three treatment strategies given for the primary prevention of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) and toxoplasmosis. in a phase iii open label trial, 842 patients with hiv infection and fewer than 200 cd4+ cells/mm(3) received zidovudine (standard dose) plus one of three randomly assigned prophylactic agents: trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (tmp-smz), or dapsone (da ... | 2002 | 11839141 |
| hypercalcemia in a renal transplant recipient suffering with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | hypercalcemia occurs frequently after renal transplantation. preexisting hyperparathyroidism is the most common cause of post-transplantation hypercalcemia. we describe a renal transplant recipient infected with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) who developed hypercalcemia, elevated 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin d, and suppressed parathyroid hormone levels. this phenomenon mimics the extrarenal production of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin d by activated alveolar macrophages in granulomatous diseases with hype ... | 2002 | 11840399 |
| follicular bronchiolitis associated with legionella pneumophilia infection. | an 8-month-old girl with respiratory distress and stridor was admitted to our hospital. two days later, she died of respiratory insufficiency due to pneumonia. autopsy confirmed the presence of follicular bronchiolitis (fbb) in both lungs. after consideration of her clinical course, we focused on three pathogens: legionella pneumophilia, pneumocystis carinii, and mycobacterium tuberculosis. only legionella pneumophilia was detected by both immunohistochemistry and polymerase chain reaction. | 2002 | 11842978 |
| antileishmanial activities of several classes of aromatic dications. | aromatic dicationic molecules possess impressive activity against a broad spectrum of microbial pathogens, including pneumocystis carinii, cryptosporidium parvum, and candida albicans. in this work, 58 aromatic cations were examined for inhibitory activity against axenic amastigote-like leishmania donovani parasites. in general, the most potent of the compounds were substituted diphenyl furan and thiophene dications. 2,5-bis-(4-amidinophenyl)thiophene was the most active compound. this agent dis ... | 2002 | 11850264 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia presenting as a fever of unknown origin in a patient without aids. | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) remains an opportunistic infection that causes substantial morbidity and mortality in patients who have impaired immune function. pcp in patients who do not have aids usually manifests in a more fulminant manner than in patients with aids. in recent years, pcp has been reported increasingly in patients with connective tissue disorders. the role of corticosteroids in inducing pcp is well established in humans and animals, though information is currently lackin ... | 2002 | 11805750 |
| autopsy findings in a human immunodeficiency virus-infected population over 2 decades: influences of gender, ethnicity, risk factors, and time. | to examine autopsy pathology in an urban population infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and to determine if age at death and disease frequencies are associated with gender, hiv risk factors, ethnicity, and therapeutic era. | 2002 | 11825115 |
| update on the epidemiology and transmission of pneumocystis carinii. | although pneumocystis carinii pneumonia is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality among patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, many questions about its epidemiology and transmission remain unanswered. whereas traditional theory postulates that the disease results from reactivation of latent infection, recent data suggest that active acquisition of infection, either through environmental exposure or person-to-person transmission, may occur. this review summarizes the ... | 2002 | 11825780 |
| development and evaluation of a quantitative, touch-down, real-time pcr assay for diagnosing pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | a rapid (time to completion, <4 h, including dna extraction) and quantitative touch-down (qtd) real-time diagnostic pneumocystis carinii pcr assay with an associated internal control was developed, using fluorescence resonance energy transfer (fret) probes for detection. the touch-down procedure significantly increased the sensitivity of the assay compared to a non-touch-down procedure. tenfold serial dilutions of a cloned target were used as standards for quantification. p. carinii dna has been ... | 2002 | 11825961 |
| passive intranasal monoclonal antibody prophylaxis against murine pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | passive antibody immunoprophylaxis is one method used to protect patients against infection if they are unable to mount an adequate active immune response. topical application of antibody may be effective against infections at mucosal sites. using a scid mouse model of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, we were able to demonstrate protection against an airborne challenge with p. carinii by intranasal administration of antibody. immunoglobulin m (igm) monoclonal antibodies to an epitope shared by mo ... | 2002 | 11854184 |
| [pulmonary complications in patients with aids]. | hiv infection was first reported in 1981 in usa. it has been 20 years since then. owing to understandings of pathogenesis of this disease and development of new drugs such as the hiv-specific protease inhibitor (pi), prognosis of disease has been tremendously improved. especially after 1997 in japan, the strategy of anti-hiv treatment shifted from two drugs combination to three drugs combination, which is called highly active antiretoviral therapy (haart). haart was so effective that prevalence ... | 2002 | 11855078 |
| the radiologic differential diagnosis of diffuse lung diseases characterized by multiple cysts or cavities. | a variety of pulmonary diseases have diffuse cystic abnormalities within the lungs, including emphysema, cystic bronchiectasis, desquamative interstitial pneumonia, lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia, usual interstitial pneumonia, lymphangioleiomyomatosis, langerhans histiocytosis, cystic metastasis, wegener granulomatosis, pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, pulmonary paragonimiasis, and septic pulmonary emboli. ct can easily detect cystic abnormalities as common features in many diseases. however, ... | 2002 | 11801898 |
| failure of trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole prophylaxis for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia with concurrent leucovorin use. | pneumocystis carinii is a common cause of pneumonia in patients with aids, however, the incidence has dropped with the availability of effective prophylactic regimens. first-line treatment for both acute pneumocystis pneumonia and chronic prophylaxis is trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (tmp/smx). this combination can cause hypersensitivity reactions as well as myelosuppression. the simultaneous administration of leucovorin during acute treatment has been shown to reduce the incidence of neutropenia ... | 2002 | 11876516 |
| analysis of a population-based pneumocystis carinii pneumonia index as an outcome measure of access and quality of care for the treatment of hiv disease. | a population-based pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) index was developed in new york city to identify geographic areas and subpopulations at increased risk for pcp. | 2002 | 11867318 |
| promising survival for patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma multiforme treated with concomitant radiation plus temozolomide followed by adjuvant temozolomide. | temozolomide is a novel oral alkylating agent with demonstrated efficacy as second-line therapy for patients with recurrent anaplastic astrocytoma and glioblastoma multiforme (gbm). this phase ii study was performed to determine the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of concomitant radiation plus temozolomide therapy followed by adjuvant temozolomide therapy in patients with newly diagnosed gbm. | 2002 | 11870182 |
| use of terbinafine in mouse and rat models of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | terbinafine, an allylamine used to treat onychomycosis, has been reported to be active against rat pneumocystis carinii in vitro and in vivo. by contrast, our in vitro data showed that the 50% inhibitory concentration of terbinafine against rat p. carinii is 3.7 microg/ml, a level that cannot be clinically achieved in serum. in the present study, terbinafine administered orally at doses of 20 to 400 mg/kg/day and 50 to 250 mg/kg/day was ineffective therapy for mouse and rat models of pneumocysto ... | 2002 | 11796365 |
| conservative versus immunosuppressive treatment of patients with idiopathic membranous nephropathy. | treatment of idiopathic membranous glomerulonephritis (mgn) is a controversial issue. whereas some authors recommend early immunosuppressive treatment of all patients with nephrotic syndrome, others do not support aggressive therapies, based on the spontaneous long-term favorable outcome of most patients. however, 20 to 50% of untreated patients develop progressive renal insufficiency. | 2002 | 11786104 |
| inhibition of pneumocystis carinii, toxoplasma gondii, and mycobacterium avium dihydrofolate reductases by 2,4-diamino-5-[2-methoxy-5-(omega-carboxyalkyloxy)benzyl]pyrimidines: marked improvement in potency relative to trimethoprim and species selectivity relative to piritrexim. | a series of previously undescribed 2,4-diamino-5-[2-methoxy-5-alkoxybenzyl]pyrimidines (3a-e) and 2,4-diamino-5-[2-methoxy-5-(omega-carboxyalkyloxy)benzyl]pyrimidines (3f-k) with up to eight ch2 groups in the alkoxy or omega-carboxyalkyloxy side chain were synthesized and tested for the ability to inhibit partially purified dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) from pneumocystis carinii (pc), toxoplasma gondii (tg), mycobacterium avium (ma), and rat liver in comparison with two standard inhibitors, tri ... | 2002 | 11754594 |
| prospective study of etiologic agents of community-acquired pneumonia in patients with hiv infection. | to study prospectively hiv-positive patients admitted to the hospital because of pneumonia by extensive laboratory tests to determine specific microbiologic diagnoses and to establish the best clinical diagnosis after review of all available data by expert clinicians. | 2002 | 11741166 |
| the high burden of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in african hiv-1-infected children hospitalized for severe pneumonia. | to evaluate the burden of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) and the usefulness of induced sputum and nasopharyngeal aspirates (npa) in diagnosing pcp in african children in whom the use of bronchoalveolar lavage is unavailable. | 2002 | 11741168 |
| cyclosporin-a ameliorated interstitial pneumonitis in a patient with amyopathic dermatomyositis. | abstract a 40-year-old woman with amyopathic dermatomyositis (adm) developed acute pneumonitis. despite pulse methylprednisolone therapy, the pneumonitis worsened. we therefore initiated cyclosporin-a (cy-a) therapy with success, although pneumocystis carinii (pc) pneumonia occurred. coexistence of dermatomyositis (dm)-related pneumonitis and pc pneumonia was diagnosed by means of chest x-ray findings, kl-6, and polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for pc. we thus continued cy-a therapy to ameliorate ... | 2002 | 24384004 |