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bioactives of microbes isolated from western ghat belt of kerala show β-lactamase inhibition along with wide spectrum antimicrobial activity.the present study describes the exploitation of microbial biodiversity from western ghats of kerala for screening of bioactives having β-lactamase inhibitory activities. a total of 700 pure cultures were isolated and were screened for antibacterial activity against a β-lactam resistant bacillus cereus strain (pl 10) isolated from the same niche. bioactive extracts made from 45 isolates showed inhibitory activities against pl 10, of which two strains showed inhibition of extended spectrum β-lacta ...201222350938
volatile organic compounds from centaurium erythraea rafn (croatia) and the antimicrobial potential of its essential oil.gc and ms were used for the analysis of croatian centaurium erythraea rafn essential oil (obtained by hydrodistillation) and headspace (applying headspace solid-phase microextraction). the headspace contained numerous monoterpene hydrocarbons (the major ones were terpinene-4-ol, methone, p-cymene, γ-terpinene and limonene). oxygenated monoterpenes were present in the headspace and oil, while 1,8-cineole, bornyl acetate and verbenone were present only in the headspace. high headspace percentages ...201222349896
bacillus cereus catheter related bloodstream infection in a patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia.bacillus cereus infection is rarely associated with actual infection and for this reason single positive blood culture is usually regarded as contamination . however it may cause a number of infections, such catheter-related bloodstream infections. significant catheter-related bloodstream infections (crbsi) caused by bacillus spp. are mainly due to b. cereus and have been predominantly reported in immunocompromised hosts. catheter removal is generally advised for management of infection. in this ...201222348186
seasonal variations of phenolic compounds and biological properties in sage (salvia officinalis l.).the aim was to investigate the phenolic content, antioxidant capacity, and antibacterial activity of dalmatian sage (salvia officinalis l.) leaves collected during different vegetation periods. separation and quantification of the individual phenols were performed by reversed-phase (rp)-hplc coupled with a pda (photodiode array) detector and using an internal standard, while the contents of total phenols, flavonoids, flavones, and flavonols were determined spectrophotometrically. the antioxidant ...201222344920
molecular differences between a mutase and a phosphatase: investigations of the activation step in bacillus cereus phosphopentomutase.prokaryotic phosphopentomutases (ppms) are di-mn(2+) enzymes that catalyze the interconversion of α-d-ribose 5-phosphate and α-d-ribose 1-phosphate at an active site located between two independently folded domains. these prokaryotic ppms belong to the alkaline phosphatase superfamily, but previous studies of bacillus cereus ppm suggested adaptations of the conserved alkaline phosphatase catalytic cycle. notably, b. cereus ppm engages substrates when the active site nucleophile, thr-85, is phosp ...201222329805
application of atmospheric pressure nonthermal plasma for the in vitro eradication of bacterial biofilms.the use of atmospheric pressure nonthermal plasma represents an interesting and novel approach for the decontamination of surfaces colonized with microbial biofilms that exhibit enhanced tolerance to antimicrobial challenge. in this study, the influence of an atmospheric pressure nonthermal plasma jet, operated in a helium and oxygen gas mixture under ambient pressure, was evaluated against biofilms of bacillus cereus, staphylococcus aureus, escherichia coli and pseudomonas aeruginosa. within < ...201222329678
chemical characteristics of beddings for swine: effects of bedding depths and of addition of inoculums in a pilot-scale.the effect of depths and of addition of inoculums on the chemical content of swine beddings was evaluated. for beddings 0.25m (25d) and 0.50m (50d) deep, three treatments were tested in two repeats with the same beddings: control (no inoculums); t1 (250g of bacillus cereus var. toyoii at 8.4×10(7)cfu/g); and t2 (250g of a pool of bacillus sp. at 8.4×10(7)cfu/g) (250g for 25d and 500g for 50d). for 25d, the c:n ratio was lower, but n, k and c contents were greater than for 50d (p<0.05). the inocu ...201222940299
fermented and enzymatic production of chitin/chitosan oligosaccharides by extracellular chitinases from bacillus cereus tku027.two chitinases, chi i and chi ii, were purified from the culture supernatant of bacillus cereus tku027 with shrimp head powder (shp) as the sole carbon/nitrogen source. the molecular masses of chi i and chi ii determined using sds-page were approximately 65kda and 63kda, respectively. chi i toward various surfactants showed high stability, such as sds, tween 20, tween 40 and triton x-100, and these surfactants were stimulator of chi i chitinase activity. concomitant with the production of chi i ...201222939345
antibacterial effect of phosphates and polyphosphates with different chain length.the aim of this study was to monitor the antibacterial effect of seven phosphate salts on selected strains of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, which could be considered responsible for food-borne diseases (bacillus cereus, bacillus subtilis, enterococcus faecalis, micrococcus luteus, staphylococcus aureus, citrobacter freundii, escherichia coli, proteus mirabilis, salmonella enterica ser. enteritidis and pseudomonas aeruginosa). for these purposes, phosphates differing in chain length w ...201222934995
probiotic activity of a bacterial strain isolated from ancient permafrost against salmonella infection in mice.bacillus cereus strain f, collected from relict permafrost located in siberia, was analyzed for probiotic activity in the mouse salmonella enterica model. viable bacterial cells were found in frozen soils taken at mammoth mountain in yakutia from a depth below the level of seasonal thawing. geological data indicated the absence of a thawing within millions of years of deposited soils, which helped to ensure the ancient origin of our sample. according to dna analysis, bacterial cells collected fr ...201226782040
[bacteriological quality and toxigenic bacillus cereus detection in cooked white rice sold at the metropolitan area of san josé, costa rica].the wide use of rice is one of the factors that favors its implication in food borne diseases, and one of the most important pathogens associated to it is bacillus cereus. the aim of this work was to evaluate the microbiological quality of 50 samples of white cooked rice sold in restaurants at the metropolitan area of san josé, costa rica, including the determination of the total aerobic plate count, the most probable number of total and fecal coliforms and escherichia coli. mpn of bacillus cere ...201224617031
bacillus cereus bloodstream infection in a preterm neonate complicated by late meningitis.central nervous system infections caused by bacillus cereus have rarely been reported in infants. in this paper, the case of a 2-month-old low-birth-weight female who developed meningitis 45 days after resolution of a bloodstream infection (bsi) is described. the pulsed-field gel electrophoresis results revealed that the patterns of both b. cereus isolates responsible for the acute meningitis and for the prior bacteraemic episode were closely related. although the source of the infection from wi ...201222924139
chemical composition, antibacterial and antifungal activities of essential oil from cordia verbenacea dc leaves.cordia verbenacea is a brazilian coastal shrub popularly known as "erva baleeira". the essential oil from fresh leaves was obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by cg/ms. the main components were identified as β-caryophyllene (25.4%), bicyclogermacrene (11.3%), δ-cadinene (9.%) and α-pinene (9.5%). in this study, the antimicrobial activity of cordia verbenacea was evaluated.201222923954
the immune modulation of bacillus cereus var. toyoi in mice immunized with experimental inactivated bovine herpesvirus type 5 vaccine.in recent years, there been significant progress toward develop more efficient vaccines. different compounds with adjuvant capacity have been tested; however, no compound has emerged that suitable for universal use. several efforts have been made to produce effective vaccines against bovine herpesvirus 5 (bohv-5), an important cattle pathogen. in this study we examine the use the probiotic bacillus cereus var. toyoi as a potential adjuvant to improve bohv-5 vaccine efficacy. we observed in the s ...201222285271
assessment of microbial quality of commercial and home-made tiger-nut beverages.we aimed to assess the microbiological quality of spanish commercial tiger-nut beverages as well as home-made samples collected from supermarkets, street vendors, juice bars and ice-cream parlours located in valencia.201222283438
bacteriostatic mode of action of trypsin-hydrolyzed palm kernel expeller peptide against bacillus cereus.palm kernel expeller (pke), the by-product derived from the palm kernel oil milling industry, is commonly added to ruminant feed as a source of protein. recent research has demonstrated that the enzymatically hydrolyzed protein is inhibitory to spore-forming bacteria including bacillus cereus. the trypsin-hydrolyzed pke peptide appears to disrupt the membrane integrity and inhibit the intracellular macromolecule metabolism of b. cereus. the addition of the pke peptide (350 and 700 μg/ml) to b. c ...201226781737
response of bacillus cereus vegetative cells after exposure to repetitive sublethal radiation processing in combination with nisin.the present study evaluated the response of bacillus cereus lspq 2872 vegetative cells, following exposure to single and repetitive sublethal γ-radiation treatment at 1 kgy alone or in combination with nisin at its maximum tolerated concentration, in bhi broth supplemented with 0.5% glucose. results showed that b. cereus has the capability to develop increased resistance to subsequent cycles of gamma irradiation and a significant increase (p ≤ 0.05) of the relative radiation resistance (d(10)) v ...201222986202
characterization of lactic acid bacteria from naturally-fermented manzanilla aloreña green table olives.manzanilla aloreña (or aloreña) table olives are naturally fermented traditional green olives with a denomination of protection (dop). the aim of this study was to search for lactic acid bacteria (lab) with technological properties of interest for possible inclusion in a starter or protective culture preparation or also as probiotics. a collection of 144 lab obtained from aloreña green table olives naturally-fermented by four small-medium enterprises (smes) from málaga (spain), including lactoba ...201222986194
enhancement of cypermethrin degradation by a coculture of bacillus cereus zh-3 and streptomyces aureus hp-s-01.degradation of cypermethrin was significantly enhanced in a coculture of bacillus cereus zh-3 and streptomyces aureus hp-s-01. in the pure culture, longer half-lives (t(1/2)=32.6-43.0h) of cypermethrin were observed, as compared to the mixed cocultures (t(1/2)=13.0h). the optimal degradation conditions were determined to be 28.2°c and ph 7.5 based on response surface methodology (rsm). under these conditions, the mixed cultures completely metabolized cypermethrin (50mgl(-1)) within 72h. analysis ...201222326328
bioaugmentation for polyacrylamide degradation in a sequencing batch reactor and contact oxidation reactor.in the present study, one pam degrading bacterial strain, originally named hwbi, was isolated from an activated sludge sample and used as an exogenous bacteria for bioaugmentation. the strain was primarily identified as bacillus cereus. one contact oxidation reactor (cor) and one sequencing batch reactor (sbr) were bioaugmented with the hwbi, respectively, and the performance of the bioaugmented systems for pam removal were investigated under long term operation. results showed that for the cor ...201222320687
comparison of alkyl hydroperoxide reductase and two water-forming nadh oxidases from bacillus cereus atcc 14579.bacillus cereus (b. cereus) is an ubiquitous facultative anaerobic bacterium, and its growth in aerobic environment correlates to the functions of its oxygen defense system. water-forming nadh oxidase (nox-2) can catalyze the conversion of oxygen to water with concomitant nadh oxidation in anaerobic microorganisms. here, we report the cloning and characterization of two annotated nox-2 s (nox-2(444) and nox-2(554)) from b. cereus atcc 14579 and their comparison with another oxidative stress defe ...201222311647
functional assignment of yvgo, a novel set of purified and chemically characterized proteinaceous antifungal variants produced by bacillus thuringiensis sf361.this study reports a novel class of antifungal protein derived from bacterial origin. bacillus thuringiensis sf361, the strain also responsible for producing the novel bacteriocin thurincin h, exhibits broad antifungal activity against select members of several fungal genera, including aspergillus, byssochlamys, and penicillium, as well as the pathogenic yeast candida albicans. optimal antifungal production and secretion were observed after-log phase growth when incubated at 37°c in a carbohydra ...201222307285
temperature-dependent production of various plcr-controlled virulence factors in bacillus weihenstephanensis strain kbab4.the bacillus cereus sensu lato complex has recently been divided into several phylogenetic groups with clear differences in growth temperature range. however, only a few studies have investigated the actual pathogenic potential of the psychrotolerant strains of the b. cereus group at low temperature, and little information is available concerning gene expression at low temperature. we found that vegetative cells of the psychrotolerant b. weihenstephanensis strain kbab4 were pathogenic against th ...201222307282
antimicrobial activity and essential oils of curcuma aeruginosa, curcuma mangga, and zingiber cassumunar from malaysia.to analyze the chemical composition of the essential oils of curcuma aeruginosa (c. aeruginosa), curcuma mangga (c. mangga), and zingiber cassumunar (z. cassumunar), and study their antimicrobial activity.201222305785
evaluation of the sterility testing process of hematopoietic stem cells at canadian blood services.sterility testing of hematopoietic stem cells (hscs) at the canadian blood services stem cell laboratory is performed using bact/alert aerobic (sa) culture bottles. this study was conducted to verify the efficacy of this method and to assess the use of the bact/alert aerobic (bpa) and anaerobic (bpn) culture bottles for microbial testing of hscs.201222304655
mechanism and diversity of the erythromycin esterase family of enzymes.macrolide antibiotics such as azithromycin and erythromycin are mainstays of modern antibacterial chemotherapy, and like all antibiotics, they are vulnerable to resistance. one mechanism of macrolide resistance is via drug inactivation: enzymatic hydrolysis of the macrolactone ring catalyzed by erythromycin esterases, erea and ereb. a genomic enzymology approach was taken to gain insight into the catalytic mechanisms and origins of ere enzymes. our analysis reveals that erythromycin esterases co ...201222303981
novel bacterial lipoprotein structures conserved in low-gc content gram-positive bacteria are recognized by toll-like receptor 2.bacterial lipoproteins/lipopeptides inducing host innate immune responses are sensed by mammalian toll-like receptor 2 (tlr2). these bacterial lipoproteins are structurally divided into two groups, diacylated or triacylated lipoproteins, by the absence or presence of an amide-linked fatty acid. the presence of diacylated lipoproteins has been predicted in low-gc content gram-positive bacteria and mycoplasmas based on the absence of one modification enzyme in their genomes; however, we recently d ...201222303020
iodine-stabilized cu nanoparticle chitosan composite for antibacterial applications.we report herein the synthesis of a new composite consisting of cu nanoparticles (nps) and chitosan (cs), which has been found to be stable in the presence of molecular iodine and has also high antimicrobial activities. the composite could be obtained when aqueous cuso(4) was treated with hydrazine in the presence of cs. the spherical cu nps present in the composite were of average diameters 8±4 nm. the nps were unstable in atmospheric conditions leading to the formation of oxides of cu. on the ...201222301575
purification, crystallization and preliminary x-ray characterization of bacillus cereus arylamine n-acetyltransferase 3 [(baccr)nat3].arylamine n-acetyltransferases (nats) are xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes (xmes) that catalyze the acetylation of arylamines. all functional nats described to date possess a strictly conserved cys-his-asp catalytic triad. here, the purification, crystallization and preliminary x-ray characterization of bacillus cereus arylamine n-acetyltransferase 3 [(baccr)nat3], a putative nat isoenzyme that possesses a unique catalytic triad containing a glutamate residue, is reported. the crystal diffracted ...201222297998
bacterial mixture from greenhouse soil as a biocontrol agent against root-knot nematode, meloidogyne incognita, on oriental melon.the biological control efficacy of a greenhouse soil bacterial mixture of lactobacillus farraginis, bacillus cereus, and bacillus thuringiensis strains with antinematode activity was evaluated against the root-knot nematode meloidogyne incognita. two control groups planted in soil drenched with sterile distilled water or treated with the broadspectrum carbamate pesticide carbofuran were used for comparison. the results suggest that the bacterial mixture is effective as a biocontrol agent against ...201222297227
genetic diversity, antimicrobial resistance, and toxigenic profiles of bacillus cereus strains isolated from sunsik.bacillus cereus can cause emetic and diarrheal types of food poisoning, but little study has been done on the toxins and toxin-encoding genes of b. cereus strains isolated from sunsik, a korean ready-to-eat food prepared from grains, fruits, and vegetables. in this study, 39 unique b. cereus strains were isolated and identified from sunsik samples, with an average contamination level of 10 to 200 cfu/g. the detection rates of the hblacd, cytk, and bcet genes among all the strains were 48.7, 66.7 ...201222289581
the additive and synergistic antimicrobial effects of select frankincense and myrrh oils--a combination from the pharaonic pharmacopoeia.the in vitro antimicrobial activity of three essential oil samples of frankincense (boswellia rivae, boswellia neglecta and boswellia papyrifera) and two essential oil samples of myrrh and sweet myrrh (commiphora guidotti and commiphora myrrha), collected from different regions of ethiopia, was investigated independently and in combination to determine their anti-infective properties.201222288378
lc-ms analysis of the emetic toxin, cereulide, produced by bacillus cereus.a quantitative and chemical assay of cereulide produced in the cultures by some strains of bacillus cereus was performed on a hplc and a esi electrospray ion trap mass analyzer, using the synthetic cereulide as a standard. all 20 strains of emetic b. cereus were found to produce 27 - 740 ng/ml of cereulide by the lc-ms analysis. in contrast, none of the 10 diarrheal strains produced it. 10(2) cfu/ml of the cereulide producible strain with a 210 ng/ml yield was inoculated into the 10% suspensions ...201223269221
plcra, a new quorum-sensing regulator from bacillus cereus, plays a role in oxidative stress responses and cysteine metabolism in stationary phase.we characterized a new quorum-sensing regulator, plcra, which is present in various members of the b. cereus group and identified a signaling heptapeptide for plcra activity: papra(7). we demonstrated that plcra is a 3d structural paralog of plcr using sequence analysis and homology modeling. a comparison of the transcriptomes at the onset of stationary phase of a δplcra mutant and the wild-type b. cereus atcc 14579 strain showed that 68 genes were upregulated and 49 genes were downregulated in ...201223239999
enterotoxin production by bacillus cereus under gastrointestinal conditions and their immunological detection by commercially available kits.currently, three commercial kits for bacillus cereus enterotoxins nhe and/or hbl detection are available, namely, the bacillus diarrheal enterotoxin visual immunoassay (bde via™) kit (3m tecra), b. cereus enterotoxin reversed passive latex agglutination (bcet-rpla) kit (oxoid), and the duopath(®) cereus enterotoxins (merck). the performance of the kits and their applicability to gastrointestinal simulation samples were evaluated. then, the stability and production of enterotoxins hbl and nhe und ...201223237409
functional annotation analytics of bacillus genomes reveals stress responsive acetate utilization and sulfate uptake in the biotechnologically relevant bacillus megaterium.bacillus species form an heterogeneous group of gram-positive bacteria that include members that are disease-causing, biotechnologically-relevant, and can serve as biological research tools. a common feature of bacillus species is their ability to survive in harsh environmental conditions by formation of resistant endospores. genes encoding the universal stress protein (usp) domain confer cellular and organismal survival during unfavorable conditions such as nutrient depletion. as of february 20 ...201223226010
variation in the annual unsatisfactory rates of selected pathogens and indicators in ready-to-eat food sampled from the point of sale or service in wales, united kingdom.the welsh food microbiological forum "shopping basket" survey is a long running, structured surveillance program examining ready-to-eat food randomly sampled from the point of sale or service in wales, united kingdom. the annual unsatisfactory rates for selected indicators and pathogens for 1998 through 2008 were examined. all the annual unsatisfactory rates for the selected pathogens were <0.5%, and no pattern with the annual rate was observed. there was also no discernible trend observed for t ...201223212024
essential oil of mitracarpus frigidus as a potent source of bioactive compounds.in our previous work (fabri et al. 2009), we showed that different extracts of mitracarpus frigidus had significant antibacterial, antifungal and leishmanicidal activities. in order to increase our knowledge about this species, this work assesses the chemical composition and the in vitro biological activity of its essential oil. thus, the essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation of the aerial parts of m. frigidus was analyzed by gc/ms. among several compounds detected, 11 were identified, bei ...201223207707
dna extract characterization process for microbial detection methods development and validation.quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qpcr) assays used in pathogen detection require rigorous methods development including characterizing dna extraction products. a dna extract characterization process is demonstrated using dna extracted from five different cells types (two gram-negatives: escherichia coli, and burkholderia thailandensis, spores and vegetative cells from the gram-positive bacillus cereus, and yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae) with six different methods.201223206278
crystallization and preliminary x-ray data analysis of the pxo1 plasmid-partitioning factor tubz from bacillus cereus.tubz is a structural homologue of tubulin and ftsz gtpases, which are involved in the type iii plasmid-partitioning system. tubz assembles into polymers in a gtp-dependent manner and drives plasmid segregation as `cytomotive' filaments. in this study, c-terminally truncated tubz from bacillus cereus was crystallized in the presence or absence of gdp by the hanging-drop vapour-diffusion method. the crystal of tubz in complex with gdp belonged to the monoclinic space group p2(1), with unit-cell pa ...201223192045
[lead adsorption by trametes gallica, bacillus cereus, and their co-immobilized biomaterial].taking trametes gallica mycelium pellets, bacillus cereus, and their co-immobilized biomaterial as bio-adsorbents, this paper studied their pb2+ adsorption under effects of different contact time, medium initial ph value and pb2+ concentration, and bio-adsorbent concentration, and compared the infrared spectra of the bio-adsorbents before and after pb2+ absorption. the pb2+ adsorption efficiency of the bio-adsorbents was the highest when the bio-adsorbent concentration was 2 g x l(-1), initial p ...201223189701
crystal structures of two transcriptional regulators from bacillus cereus define the conserved structural features of a padr subfamily.padr-like transcriptional regulators form a structurally-related family of proteins that control the expression of genes associated with detoxification, virulence and multi-drug resistance in bacteria. only a few members of this family have been studied by genetic, biochemical and biophysical methods, and their structure/function relationships are still largely undefined. here, we report the crystal structures of two padr-like proteins from bacillus cereus, which we named bcpadr1 and bcpadr2 (pr ...201223189126
germination inhibition of bacillus cereus spores: impact of the lipophilic character of inhibiting compounds.in this study, the impact of a range of organic acids and structurally similar alcohols with three to six carbon backbones and increasing lipophilic character, were tested on the germination behavior of b. cereus atcc 14579 spores. this approach allowed substantiating whether the effectivity of the various compounds was largely dictated by membrane interference or a classic weak acid acidification effect. the octanol-water partition coefficient (log p(oct/water)) ranges from 0.25/0.33 to 2.03/1. ...201223177052
probiotic potential of lactobacillus spp. isolated from brazilian regional ovine cheese.twelve lactobacillus isolates from brazilian starter-free ovine cheeses were evaluated for their probiotic potential. the strains were identified by 16s rdna sequencing as lactobacillus plantarum (7), lb. brevis (2), lb. casei (2) and lb. parabuchneri (1). all strains showed variable resistance to gastric juices and relative tolerance to pancreatin and bile salts. only five strains of lb. plantarum could not deconjugate the sodium salt of taurodeoxycholic acid. autoaggregation ability after 24 h ...201223171587
antagonistic effects of bacillus cereus strain b-02 on morphology, ultrastructure and cytophysiology of botrytis cinerea.the study on antagonistic mechanism of biocontrol strains gives the premise and basis for efficient and stable biological control. this study aimes to overcome of biocontrol agent in aspects of complicated and diversified mode of action, short-lasting and unstable efficacy in the production processes. this study elucidated the antagonistic mechanism of bacillus cereus strain b-02 on botrytis cinerea by detecting changes in morphology, ultrastructure and physiology in affected hyphae of botrytis ...201223163211
genome sequence of the aerobic bacterium bacillus sp. strain fjat-13831.bacillus sp. strain fjat-13831 was isolated from the no. 1 pit soil of emperor qin's terracotta warriors in xi'an city, people's republic of china. the isolate showed a close relationship to the bacillus cereus group. the draft genome sequence of bacillus sp. fjat-13831 was 4,425,198 bp in size and consisted of 5,567 genes (protein-coding sequences [cds]) with an average length of 782 bp and a g+c value of 36.36%.201223144388
a nine-coordinated bismuth(iii) complex derived from pentadentate 2,6-diacetylpyridine bis((4)n-methylthiosemicarbazone): crystal structure and both in vitro and in vivo biological evaluation.up to now, bismuth(iii) complexes with thiosemicarbazones have been comparatively rare. few in vivo biological studies have been carried out in comparison to the plentiful in vitro data. here, an interesting nine-coordinated bismuth(iii) complex, [bi(h2l)(no3)2]no3 [1; h2l = 2,6-diacetylpyridine bis((4)n-methylthiosemicarbazone)], has been synthesized and structurally characterized. the analytical data reveal the formation of 1:1 (metal/ligand) stoichiometry. in vitro biological studies have ind ...201223136979
heterologously expressed β-hydroxyl fatty acids from a metagenomic library of a marine sponge.functional screening based on the antibacterial activity of a metagenomic library of the japanese marine sponge, discodermia calyx, afforded three β-hydroxyl fatty acids: 3-hydroxypalmitic acid, 3-hydroxylauric acid and 3-hydroxymyristic acid, heterologously expressed in an antibacterial clone, pdc113. 3-hydroxypalmitic acid showed moderate antibacterial activity against bacillus cereus and candida albicans. a sequence analysis of the insert dna revealed 23 putative orfs, with most sharing homol ...201223127887
quorum-sensing regulates biofilm formation in vibrio scophthalmi.in a previous study, we demonstrated that vibrio scophthalmi, the most abundant vibrio species among the marine aerobic or facultatively anaerobic bacteria inhabiting the intestinal tract of healthy cultured turbot (scophthalmus maximus), contains at least two quorum-sensing circuits involving two types of signal molecules (a 3-hydroxy-dodecanoyl-homoserine lactone and the universal autoinducer 2 encoded by luxs). the purpose of this study was to investigate the functions regulated by these quor ...201223198796
[clinical case of the month. acute post-traumatic panophthalmitis].panophtalmitis is an intra-ocular and intra-orbital rare infection, but its consequences are often horrendous, with loss of both function and anatomy of the eye. the surgical approach and the antibiotherapy should be given as soon as possible, both by intra-vitreal and intra-venous injections. we report the case of a 49-year-old man who developed a bacillus cereus panophtalmitis. a delay in the diagnosis lead to the loss of vision and the evisceration of the sick eye. bacillus cereus panopthalmi ...201223115844
chemical composition and antioxidative activity of echinophora platyloba dc. essential oil, and its interaction with natural antimicrobials against food-borne pathogens and spoilage organisms.this study was undertaken to determine the chemical composition and antioxidative capacity of echinophora platyloba dc. essential oil, and its antimicrobial potency against listeria monocytogenes, bacillus cereus, bacillus subtilis, staphylococcus aureus, salmonella typhimurium, escherichia coli o157:h7, pseudomonas aeruginosa, candida albicans, candida tropicalis, rhodotorula rubra, and rhodotorula mucilaginosa. the essential oil was analyzed by gc and gc-ms; and evaluated for its antioxidative ...201223106123
divergence of the sigb regulon and pathogenesis of the bacillus cereus sensu lato group.the bacillus cereus sensu lato group currently includes seven species (b. cereus, b. anthracis, b. mycoides, b. pseudomycoides, b. thuringiensis, b. weihenstephanensis and b. cytotoxicus) that recent phylogenetic and phylogenomic analyses suggest are likely a single species, despite their varied phenotypes. although horizontal gene transfer and insertion-deletion events are clearly important for promoting divergence among these genomes, recent studies have demonstrated that a major basis for phe ...201223088190
production and purification of a protease, a chitosanase, and chitin oligosaccharides by bacillus cereus tku022 fermentation.a protease- and chitosanase-producing strain was isolated and identified as bacillus cereus tku022. the protease and chitosanase were both produced using 1.5% (w/v) shrimp head powder (shp) as the sole carbon/nitrogen source, and these enzymes were purified from the culture supernatant. the molecular masses of the tku022 protease and chitosanase determined using sds-page were approximately 45 and 44kda, respectively. the high stability of the tku022 protease toward surfactants, an optimal ph of ...201223079238
chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of salvia x jamensis essential oil.this is the first report about the composition of the essential oil of salvia x jamensis. the major compounds identified by gc-ms were beta-caryophyllene (14.8 %), beta-pinene (6.8 %), caryophyllene oxide (6.0 %), delta-cadinene (5.5 %), alpha-pinene (5.2 %) and spatulenol (5.2 %). the oil showed antimicrobial activity against three gram (+) bacteria: bacillus cereus, staphylococcus aureus, and s. epidermidis, and three candida strains: c. albicans, c. glabrata and c. tropicalis, while it was in ...201223074919
[evaluation of multiplex pcr to identify the species of microorganisms from bacillus cereus group].bacillus genus comprises about 215 species. the most closely related are b. cereus, b. thuringiensis, b. anthracis, b. mycoides, b. pseudomycoides and b. weihenstephanensis. these bacterial species belong to the bacillus cereus group. identification and differentiation of bacillus cereus group bacteria is difficult because of genetic and phenotypic similarity. many molecular methods have already been suggested to differentiate b. cereus group members. however easier and more convenient methods a ...201223072054
can bacillus cereus food poisoning cause sudden death? 201223066123
sr1--a small rna with two remarkably conserved functions.sr1 is a dual-function srna that acts as a base-pairing regulatory rna on the ahrc mrna and as a peptide-encoding mrna on the gapa operon. the sr1-encoded peptide sr1p binds gapa thereby stabilizing gapa mrna. under glycolytic conditions, sr1 transcription is repressed by ccpn and ccpa. a computer-based search identified 23 sr1 homologues in bacillus, geobacillus, anoxybacillus and brevibacillus species. all homologues share a high structural identity with bacillus subtilis sr1, and the encoded ...201223034808
inactivation of bacillus cereus vegetative cells by gastric acid and bile during in vitro gastrointestinal transit. 201223034184
bacillus cereus iron uptake protein fishes out an unstable ferric citrate trimer.citrate is a common biomolecule that chelates fe(iii). many bacteria and plants use ferric citrate to fulfill their nutritional requirement for iron. only the escherichia coli ferric citrate outer-membrane transport protein feca has been characterized; little is known about other ferric citrate-binding proteins. here we report a unique siderophore-binding protein from the gram-positive pathogenic bacterium bacillus cereus that binds multinuclear ferric citrate complexes. we have demonstrated tha ...201223027976
impact of sorbic acid on germination and outgrowth heterogeneity of bacillus cereus atcc 14579 spores.population heterogeneity complicates the predictability of the outgrowth kinetics of individual spores. flow cytometry sorting and monitoring of the germination and outgrowth of single dormant spores allowed the quantification of acid-induced spore population heterogeneity at ph 5.5 and in the presence of sorbic acid. this showed that germination efficiency was not a good predictor for heterogeneity in final outgrowth.201223001664
production of keratinolytic enzyme by an indigenous feather-degrading strain bacillus cereus wu2.a novel feather-degrading microorganism was isolated from a poultry farm in taiwan, and was identified bacillus cereus wu2 according to 16s rrna sequencing. the isolated strain produces keratinolytic enzyme using chicken feather as the sole carbon and nitrogen source. the experimental results indicated that the extra carbon sources (glucose, fructose, starch, sucrose, or lactose) could act as a catabolite repressor to the enzyme secretion or keratinolytic activity when keratinous substrates were ...201222999356
effective microbes for simultaneous bio-oxidation of ammonia and manganese in biological aerated filter system.this study determined the most effective microbes acting as ammonia-oxidising (aob) and manganese-oxidising bacteria (mnob) for the simultaneous removal of ammonia (nh(4)(+)-n) and manganese (mn(2+)) from water. two conditions of mixed culture of bacteria: an acclimatised mixed culture (mixed culture: mc) in a 5-l bioreactor and biofilm attached on a plastic medium (stages of mixed culture: smc) in a biological aerated filter were isolated and identified using biolog microsystem and 16s rrna seq ...201222995166
isolation, identification and characterization of a glyphosate-degrading bacterium, bacillus cereus cb4, from soil.a bacterial strain named cb4, with highly effective glyphosate degradation capability, was isolated from soil after enrichment. on the basis of the biolog omnilog identification system (biolog) and 16s ribosomal rna (rrna) gene sequencing methods, strain cb4 was identified as bacillus cereus. further experiments were carried out to optimize the growth of strain cb4 and the glyphosate degradation activity by high performance liquid chromatography (hplc). the optimal conditions were found as follo ...201222990486
a piscidin-like antimicrobial peptide from the icefish chionodraco hamatus (perciformes: channichthyidae): molecular characterization, localization and bactericidal activity.antimicrobial peptides (amps) are considered one of the most ancient components of the innate immune system. they are able to exert their protection activity against a variety of microorganisms, and are widely distributed in both vertebrates and invertebrates. in this paper we focused on an amp identified in the antarctic teleost chionodraco hamatus, an icefish species. the cdna sequence of the amp, named chionodracine, is comprised of 515 bp and translates for a putative protein precursor of 80 ...201222982327
taiwanofungus camphorata nitroreductase: cdna cloning and biochemical characterisation.nitroreductases (nrs) play important roles in redox system via nadph or nadh as a reductant. a tcnr cdna encoding a putative nr was cloned from taiwanofungus camphorata. a 3-d structural model of the tcnr has been created based on the known structure of bcnr (bacillus cereus). to characterise the tcnr, the coding region was subcloned into an expression vector and transformed into escherichia coli. the recombinant his(6)-tagged tcnr was purified by ni affinity chromatography. the purified enzyme ...201222980862
improvement of mannitol-yolk-polymyxin b agar by supplementing with trimethoprim for quantitative detection of bacillus cereus in foods.mannitol-yolk-polymyxin b agar (mypa) was modified by supplementation with trimethoprim. the ability of the supplemented medium to select for and recover bacillus cereus from pure cultures and food samples with high background microflora was compared with mypa. for evaluation of the modified mypa (mmypa) in food samples with high background microflora, b. cereus was experimentally spiked into red pepper powder, fermented soybean paste, vegetable salad, and radish sprouts, and then it was recover ...201222980022
comparison of sample preparation methods for the recovery of foodborne pathogens from fresh produce.sample preparation methods (pummeling, pulsifying, sonication, and shaking by hand) were compared for achieving maximum recovery of foodborne pathogens from iceberg lettuce, perilla leaves, cucumber, green pepper, and cherry tomato. antimicrobial and dehydration effects also were examined to investigate causes of poor recovery of pathogens. each produce type was inoculated with escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella typhimurium, listeria monocytogenes, staphylococcus aureus, and bacillus cereus at ...201222980003
phytochemical profiles of volatile constituents from centaurea ragusina leaves and flowers and their antimicrobial effects.the volatile oils obtained from the leaves and flowers of the croatian endemic plant centaurea ragusina l. were evaluated for antimicrobial activity. the chemical compositions, determined by gc and gc-ms, were complex, with sesquiterpenes the most abundant class of compound. nonterpene hydrocarbons were also identified in high quantities, while acids and ketones were found in high quantities only in the leaf volatile oil. aldehydes, alcohols, esters and other compounds were identified in lower q ...201222978236
functional properties of some new zealand fruit extracts towards selected probiotic and pathogenic bacteria.the functional properties of aqueous extracts of four fruits commonly consumed in new zealand, namely blueberry, strawberry, green kiwifruit and feijoa, towards the growth of probiotic and pathogenic bacteria were investigated in this study. a concentration range of 0.1-30.0 g/l was evaluated in a high-throughput assay to determine their effects. in general, the four fruit extracts exerted growth-stimulating effects on the probiotic bacteria, except with bifidobacterium longum, whereas they were ...201222968373
leukemic manifestation of blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm lacking skin lesion : a borderline case between acute monocytic leukemia.blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (bpdcn) is a rare hematologic malignancy with a poor prognosis. we encountered a unique case of bpdcn that was leukemic at presentation without skin lesion and expressed cd33 antigen. a 74-year-old man was admitted because of dyspnea. physically, hepatosplenomegaly, but not skin lesions and superficial lymph node swelling, was noted. the white blood count was 33.6 × 10(9)/l with 19% giant abnormal cells. these cells were positive for cd4, cd86, cd123 ...201223037626
a case series of bacillus cereus septicemia in patients with hematological disease.bacillus cereus (b. cereus) septicemia is a cause of life-threatening infection in patients with hematologic diseases. however, preventing a fatal prognosis in patients with b. cereus infection has not yet been achieved due to insufficient clinical investigations. to discover more optimal treatment strategies, we analyzed b. cereus septicemia in patients with hematologic diseases.201223037464
pacemaker-associated bacillus cereus endocarditis.we report the case of a pacemaker-associated bacillus cereus endocarditis in a nonimmunocompromised patient. antibiotic treatment was ineffective, and the pacemaker had to be removed. b. cereus was cultured from several blood samples and from the pacemaker electrodes. this case underlines the contribution of the rpob gene for bacillus species determination.201222959918
prevalence of foodborne pathogens in retailed foods in thailand.the consumption of foodborne pathogens contaminated in food is one of the major causes of diarrheal diseases in thailand. the objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and types of contaminating bacteria in retailed foodstuffs in thailand. food from four categories (137 samples total), including meat (51 samples), vegetables (38 samples), fish or seafood (37 samples), and fermented food (11 samples), was purchased randomly from seven different open-markets and seven supermarkets in ...201222953752
crystallization and preliminary crystallographic analysis of the nhea component of the nhe toxin from bacillus cereus.the nonhaemolytic enterotoxin (nhe) of bacillus cereus plays a key role in cases of b. cereus food poisoning. the toxin is comprised of three different proteins: nhea, nheb and nhec. here, the expression in escherichia coli, purification and crystallization of the nhea protein are reported. the protein was crystallized by the sitting-drop vapour-diffusion method using peg 3350 as a precipitant. the crystals of nhea diffracted to 2.05 å resolution and belonged to space group c2, with unit-cell pa ...201222949198
prevalence and fate of bacillus cereus in african traditional cereal-based foods used as infant foods.the objective of the present work was to estimate the prevalence of bacillus cereus group species in traditional cereal-based lactic acid-fermented slurries and nonfermented flours used to prepare infant foods in an african context. high counts on mannitol-egg yolk-polymixin agar medium were determined for the fermented slurries (median, 4.5 × 10(4) cfu/ml of slurry) compared with the nonfermented flours, most of whose counts were lower than 10(-1) cfu/g. virulence genes were characterized in 60 ...201222947472
[the changes of ocular bacterial isolates and in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility in the past six years].to analyze the changes of ocular bacterial isolates and their susceptibility to ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, levofloxacin, gatifloxacin and tobramycin in henan province in the past six years.201222943811
biosorption of as(v) from aqueous solutions by living cells of bacillus cereus.in this work, the biosorption of as(v) from aqueous solutions by living cells of bacillus cereus has been reported. the batch biosorption experiments were conducted with respect to biosorbent dosage 0.5 to 15 g/l, ph 2 to 9, contact time 5 to 90 min, initial concentration 1 to 10 mg/l and temperature 10 to 40 °c. the maximum biosorption capacity of b. cereus for as(v) was found to be 30.04 at ph 7.0, at optimum conditions of contact time of 30 min, biomass dosage of 6 g/l, and temperature of 30 ...201222907454
bacillus cereus infection outbreak in captive psittacines.this study reports an uncommon epizootic outbreak of bacillus cereus that caused the sudden death of 12 psittacines belonging to the species anodorhynchus hyacinthinus (1 individual), diopsittaca nobilis (1 individual), ara severa (1 individual) and ara ararauna (9 individuals) in a brazilian zoo. post-mortem examination of the animals reveled extensive areas of lung hemorrhage, hepatic congestion, hemorrhagic enteritis and cardiac congestion. histopathological examination of the organs showed t ...201222902190
isolation and characterization of two novel antibacterial cyclic hexapeptides from streptomyces alboflavus 313.two novel cyclic hexapeptides, designated nw-g08 (1) and nw-g09 (2), were isolated from the fermentation broth of streptomyces alboflavus 313. their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis, ms experiments, and chemical analysis. their antibacterial activities against several strains of bacteria were evaluated by micro-broth dilution method. nw-g08 (1) and nw-g09 (2) were highly antibacterial against gram-positive but not active against gram-negative bactaria. ...201222899617
statistical optimization of a novel low-cost medium based on regional agro-industrial by-products for the production of proteolytic enzymes by bacillus cereus.bacillus sp. are specific producers of peptidase amongst bacteria and peptidase enzymes and are of significant ones due to their multifarious applications. advances in industrial biotechnology offer potential opportunities for economic utilization of agro-industrial by-products for many biochemical reactions. due to their rich organic nature, they can serve as an ideal substrate for the production of different value added products like peptidases. in the present work, an attempt was made to opti ...201222897765
exposure to anacardiaceae volatile oils and their constituents induces lipid peroxidation within food-borne bacteria cells.the chemical composition of the volatile oils from five anacardiaceae species and their activities against gram positive and negative bacteria were assessed. the peroxidative damage within bacterial cell membranes was determined through the breakdown product malondialdehyde (mda). the major constituents in anacardium humile leaves oil were (e)-caryophyllene (31.0%) and α-pinene (22.0%), and in anacardium occidentale oil they were (e)-caryophyllene (15.4%) and germacrene-d (11.5%). volatile oil f ...201222893019
prevalence and levels of bacillus cereus emetic toxin in rice dishes randomly collected from restaurants and comparison with the levels measured in a recent foodborne outbreak.whereas the prevalence of bacillus cereus emetic strains in the environment has been shown to be very low, there is a lack of information on the prevalence of its toxin, cereulide, in food. yet, the rice leftovers of a family outbreak which occurred after the consumption of dishes taken away from an asian restaurant revealed significant amounts of cereulide, reaching up to 13,200 ng/g of food. the occurrence of cereulide in rice dishes collected from various restaurants was therefore evaluated u ...201222891880
[the significance of some potentially pathogenic microorganisms in occurence of food toxicoinfections. report 2. assessment of the role of toxigenic strains of bacillus cereus].the data on nomenclature, classification and taxonomy of aerobic spore-forming bacillus cereus are summarized. the main features of the two types of diseases, caused b. cereus, and statistical information on outbreaks of food-borne disease caused by b. cereus are presented. the detailed description of emetic toxin cereulide properties are given. the analysis of existing methods for detection of the presence of b. cereus and their toxins in foods are conducted. the data on the use of different ce ...201222888667
complete genome sequence of bacillus cereus nc7401, which produces high levels of the emetic toxin cereulide.we report the complete and annotated genome sequence of bacillus cereus nc7401, a representative of the strain group that causes emetic-type food poisoning. the emetic toxin, cereulide, is produced by a nonribosomal protein synthesis (nrps) system that is encoded by a gene cluster on a large resident plasmid, pnccld.201222887669
preparation, stability and antimicrobial activity of cationic cross-linked starch-iodine complexes.cationic cross-linked starch (ccs)-iodine complexes containing different amounts of quaternary ammonium groups (different degrees of substitution (ds)) and iodine have been obtained by iodine adsorption on ccs from aqueous iodine potassium iodide solution. equilibrium adsorption studies showed that with an increase of ds the amount of iodine adsorbed on ccs and the affinity of iodine to ccs increased linearly. the influences of the ds of ccs and the amount of adsorbed iodine on the stability of ...201222885019
development of a high-resolution melting-based approach for efficient differentiation among bacillus cereus group isolates.strains belonging to bacillus cereus group include six different species, among which are bacillus thuringiensis, bacillus weihenstephanensis, and bacillus cereus sensu stricto, a causative agent of food poisoning. sequence of the panc-housekeeping gene is used for b. cereus group affiliation to seven major phylogenetic groups (i-vii) with different ecological niches and variations in thermal growth range and spore heat resistance of b. cereus group microorganisms varies among phylogenetic group ...201222881064
screening and identification of polyhydroxyalkanoates producing bacteria and biochemical characterization of their possible application.polyhydroxyalkanoates (phas) accumulating bacteria were isolated under various selective conditions such as ph, salt concentrations and types of heavy metal. fifty strains of bacterial isolates were found to belong to bacillus, proteus, pseudomonas, aeromonas, alcaligenes and chromobacterium, based on phenotypical features and genotypic investigation. only twenty five bacterial isolates were selected and observed for the production of phas. interestingly, bacteria belonging to firmucutes bacillu ...201222878735
the gut bacteria associated with camponotus japonicus mayr with culture-dependent and dgge methods.the bacterial composition and distribution in the different gut regions of camponotus japonicus were investigated using both culture-dependent method and culture-independent method of polymerase chain reaction and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (pcr-dgge). five different bacterial strains were isolated using culture-dependent method, and they all belong to the phylum firmicutes, including three genera of bacteria bacillus, paenibacillus, and enterococcus. bacillus cereus and enterococcu ...201222878556
application of maldi-tof mass spectrometry for the detection of enterotoxins produced by pathogenic strains of the bacillus cereus group.enterotoxins produced by different species of the bacillus cereus group, such as cytotoxin k1 (cytk1) and non-haemolytic enterotoxin (nhe), have been associated with diarrhoeal food poisoning incidents. detection of cytk1 is not possible with commercial assays while nhe is recognised by an immunological kit (tecra) that does not specifically target this protein because it is based on polyclonal antibodies. it is evident that the lack of suitable tools for the study of enterotoxins hampers the po ...201222875537
the constituents of essential oil: antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of micromeria congesta boiss. & hausskn. ex boiss. from east anatolia.the chemical composition, antimicrobial activity, total phenol content, total antioxidant activity, and total oxidant status of the essential oil from micromeria congesta boiss. & hausskn. ex boiss. were investigated. steam distillation was used to obtain the essential oil, and the chemical analyses were performed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. the antimicrobial activity was tested by an agar disc diffusion method against the tested microorganisms: bacillus subtilis nrrl b-744, bacillu ...201222871061
a new sphingolipid and furanocoumarins with antimicrobial activity from ficus exasperata.from the methanol extract of the stem bark of ficus exasperata, a new sphingolipid named ficusamide, (2s,3s,4r,11e)-2-[(2',3'-dihydroxyhexacosanoylamino)]-11-octadecene-1,3,4-triol (1), along with three known furanocoumarins, (s)-(-) oxypeucedanin hydrate (2), (r)-(+) oxypeucedanin hydrate (3), bergapten (5-methoxypsoralen) and six other known compounds, were isolated. their structures were characterized basing on spectroscopic methods and chemical evidence. compounds (1-3) were analyzed for the ...201222863713
addition of bacillus sp. inoculums in bedding for swine on a pilot scale: effect on microbial population and bedding temperature.thermal and microbiological characteristics of beddings for swine were compared according to their depth and of addition of inoculums. bedding was added to boxes at 0.25 (25d) and 0.50 m (50d), with three treatments: control (no inoculums); t1, with 250 g of bacillus cereus var. toyoii at 8.4 × 10(7) cfu; and t2, with 250 g of a pool of b. subtilis, bacillus licheniformis and bacillus polymyxa at 8.4 × 10(7) cfu (250 g for 25d and 500 g for 50d). mean temperatures were 28.5 ± 3.9 at the surface ...201222858476
manduca sexta gloverin binds microbial components and is active against bacteria and fungi.hyalophora gloveri gloverin is a glycine-rich and heat stable antimicrobial protein with activity mainly against escherichia coli. however, spodoptera exigua gloverin is active against a gram-positive bacterium but inactive against e. coli. in this study, we investigated expression profile, binding ability and antimicrobial activity of manduca sexta gloverin (msglv). msglv transcript was detected in several tissues of naïve larvae with higher levels in the midgut and testis. expression of msglv ...201222858411
modulation of cell surface hydrophobicity and attachment of bacteria to abiotic surfaces and shrimp by malaysian herb extracts.the use of simple crude water extracts of common herbs to reduce bacterial attachment may be a cost-effective way to control bacterial foodborne pathogens, particularly in developing countries. the ability of water extracts of three common malaysian herbs (andrographis paniculata, eurycoma longifolia, and garcinia atroviridis) to modulate hydrophobicity and attachment to surfaces of five food-related bacterial strains (bacillus cereus atcc 14576, escherichia coli atcc 25922, pseudomonas aerugino ...201222856578
detection and enumeration of four foodborne pathogens in raw commingled silo milk in the united states.a nationwide survey was conducted to obtain qualitative and quantitative data on bacterial contamination of raw commingled silo milk intended for pasteurization. the levels of total aerobic bacteria, total coliforms, enterobacteriaceae, escherichia coli, and staphylococcus aureus were determined using the tempo system. the prevalence rates and levels of presumptive bacillus cereus, e. coli o157:h7, listeria monocytogenes, and salmonella spp. were determined in 214 samples. b. cereus was detected ...201222856561
toxin profile, antibiotic resistance, and phenotypic and molecular characterization of bacillus cereus in sunsik.sunsik, a ready-to-eat food in korea, is comprised of various agricultural and marine products, and has been an important concern in bacillus cereus food poisoning. the aim of this study was to investigate the toxin profiles, genotypic and phenotypic patterns as well as antibiotic resistance of b. cereus strains isolated from sunsik. a subtyping method known as automated repetitive sequence-based pcr system (diversilab™) was used to assess the intraspecific biodiversity of these isolates. thirty ...201222850397
prevalence of staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant s. aureus (mrsa) in food samples associated with foodborne illness in alberta, canada from 2007 to 2010.consumption of foods containing staphylococcus aureus can cause severe gastro-intestinal illness. given the fact that over the past decade, canada has seen increasing rates of methicillin-resistant s. aureus (mrsa) carriage and infection, the objective of this study was to investigate the impact of methicillin-susceptible s. aureus (mssa) and mrsa on foodborne illness in alberta, canada. between january 2007 and december 2010, there were 693 food samples associated with foodborne investigations ...201222850394
synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial activity of dextran stabilized silver nanoparticles in aqueous medium.a simple one-step rapid synthetic route is described for the preparation of silver nanoparticles by reduction of silver nitrate (agno3) using aqueous dextran solution which acts as both reducing and capping agent. the formation of silver nanoparticles is assured by characterization with uv-vis spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy (afm), transmission electron microscopy (tem) and x-ray diffraction (xrd). the absorbance of the silver nanoparticles is observed at 423 nm. the afm image clearly show ...201224750927
photo-inactivation of bacillus endospores: inter-specific variability of inactivation efficiency.the aims of this work were to (a) evaluate the susceptibility of endospores of bacillus cereus, b. licheniformis, b. sphaericus and b. subtilis to photodynamic inactivation using a tricationic porphyrin as photosensitizer, (b) assess the efficiency of adsorption of the photosensitizer in endospore material as a determinant of the susceptibility of endospores of different bacillus species to photo-inactivation, (c) determine the value of b. cereus as a model organism for studies of antimicrobial ...201222823121
high-salt stress conditions increase the paw63 transfer frequency in bacillus thuringiensis.conjugation experiments with bacillus thuringiensis and transfer kinetics demonstrated that salt stress has a positive impact on plasmid transfer efficiency. compared to standard osmotic conditions (0.5% nacl), plasmid transfer occurred more rapidly, and at higher frequencies (>100-fold), when bacteria were exposed to a high-salt stress (5% nacl) in liquid brain heart infusion (bhi). under milder salt conditions (2.5% nacl), only a 10-fold effect was observed in luria-bertani broth and no differ ...201222820331
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