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cadmium accumulation in gill, liver, kidney and muscle tissues of common carp, cyprinus carpio, and nile tilapia, oreochromis niloticus.accumulation of cadmium in gill, liver, muscle and kidney tissues of cyprinus carpio and oreochromis niloticus were investigated in fish exposed to 0.5 ppm cadmium over 1, 15 and 30 days under controlled laboratory conditions. tissue accumulation of the metal was measured using atomic absorption spectrophotometric techniques. cadmium accumulation in gill, liver, kidney and muscle, tissues of c. carpio and o. niloticus exposed to metal for 1, 15 and 30 days increased significantly compared with t ...201424526282
analysis of the skin transcriptome in two oujiang color varieties of common carp.body color and coloration patterns are important phenotypic traits to maintain survival and reproduction activities. the oujiang color varieties of common carp (cyprinus carpio var. color), with a narrow distribution in zhejiang province of china and a history of aquaculture for over 1,200 years, consistently exhibit a variety of body color patterns. the molecular mechanism underlying diverse color patterns in these variants is unknown. to the practical end, it is essential to develop molecular ...201424603653
carp-1 functional mimetics are a novel class of small molecule inhibitors of malignant pleural mesothelioma cells.malignant pleural mesothelioma (mpm) is an asbestos-related thoracic malignancy that is characterized by late metastases, and resistance to therapeutic modalities. the toxic side-effects of mpm therapies often limit their clinical effectiveness, thus necessitating development of new agents to effectively treat and manage this disease in clinic. carp-1 functional mimetics (cfms) are a novel class of compounds that inhibit growth of diverse cancer cell types. here we investigated mpm cell growth s ...201424598827
image of the month: roe impaction after a carp meal in a woman with gastric banding. 201424594948
organochlorine pesticides and antioxidant enzymes are inversely correlated with liver enzyme gene expression in cyprinus carpio.the present study was designed to investigate the association between levels of organochlorine pesticides (ocps) and liver enzyme responses in cyprinus carpio. fish were caught at three stations in the büyük menderes river (bmr): the origin, the sarayköy station, and the estuary. seventeen ocps were quantified in liver tissue, as well as in river water by gas chromatography (gc)-electron capture detection, and structures were confirmed by negative chemical ionization-gc-mass spectrometry. the ac ...201424583044
discrimination and simultaneous detection of two myxozoan parasites belonging to genus thelohanellus by multiplex polymerase chain reaction.thelohanellus kitauei and thelohanellus hovorkai are myxozoan parasites pathogenic in cyprinid fish especially adult israel carp and common carp. in the present study, the complete 18s rrna-its1-5.8s rrna-its2 sequences of these two thelohanellus species were cloned with primers designed from information from genbank and previous studies. the results revealed that its1 and its2 sequences of t. kitauei and t. hovorkai were clearly distinguished although the 18s rrna regions of the two parasites w ...201424582523
distribution and bioconcentration of endocrine disrupting chemicals in surface water and fish bile of the pearl river delta, south china.the distribution and bioconcentration of endocrine disrupting chemicals (edcs) in water, algae, and wild carp bile of the pearl river delta (prd), south china were investigated. 4-tert octylphenol (op), 4-nonylphenol (np), and bisphenol a (bpa) (unit, ng l(-1)) in water were in the ranges of 1-14, 117-865, and 4-377, those (ng g(-1) dry weight) in algae were in the ranges of 2-13, 53-282, and 16-94, and those (ng g(-1)) in carp bile were in the ranges of 14-39, 950-4648, 70-1020, respectively. e ...201424582358
carbofuran promotes biochemical changes in carp exposed to rice field and laboratory conditions.effects of carbofuran commercial formulation on oxidative stress parameters were studied in carps (cyprinus carpio) exposed to 50µg/l for 7 and 30 days under rice field and laboratory conditions. thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (tbars) levels were increased in the brain of fish after 7 and 30 days under rice field and laboratory conditions. in the liver and muscle, tbars levels increased after 7 and 30 days under laboratory conditions, whereas in rice field the levels increased only after ...201424507130
validation of biomarkers for loin meat quality (m. longissimus) of pigs.the aim of this study was to validate previously reported associations between microarray gene expression levels and pork quality traits using real-time pcr. meat samples and meat quality data from 100 pigs were collected from a different pig breed to the one tested by microarray (large white versus pietrain) and a different country of origin (denmark versus germany). ten genes (carp, mb, csrp3, tnnc1, vapb, tnni1, hspb1, tnnt1, timp-1, rad-like) were chosen from the original microarray study on ...201424506540
two new and two already known species of genus thelohanellus kudo, 1933 (myxozoa: myxosporea: bivalvulida) infecting indian major carp fishes in punjab wetlands (india).a survey of parasites of freshwater fishes in harike, kanjali and ropar wetland of punjab (india) revealed the presence of two new and two already known myxosporean species belonging to the genus thelohanellus kudo, 1933 parasitizing fins and gills respectively. spores of the first species, t. kalavatae n. sp. measure 11.5 × 4.9 μm, elongately oval in valvular view having rounded blunt anterior end and rounded posterior end with lateral walls almost parallel to each other. polar capsule is globu ...201424505178
uptake and biological effects of synthetic glucocorticoids in common carp (cyprinus carpio).uptake and biological effects of synthetic glucocorticoids (gcs) were analyzed using common carp (cyprinus carpio). fish were exposed to clobetasol propionate (cp) or clobetasone butyrate (cb) individually or in mixture at 1 μg l(-1) for 21 days. bioconcentration factor (bcf) of cb was calculated as 100, and bcf of cp was less than 16. no effects were found in fish erythrocyte and leukocyte numbers and serum glucose levels after exposure to the selected gcs. on the other hand, serum concentratio ...201424492153
levels and trends of pbdes and hbcds in the global environment: status at the end of 2012.in this paper, we have compiled and reviewed the most recent literature, published in print or online from january 2010 to december 2012, relating to the human exposure, environmental distribution, behaviour, fate and concentration time trends of polybrominated diphenyl ether (pbde) and hexabromocyclododecane (hbcd) flame retardants, in order to establish their current trends and priorities for future study. more data are now becoming available for remote areas not previously studied, indian oce ...201424486972
immunological effects of paraquat on common carp, cyprinus carpio l.paraquat (pq) is a nonselective worldwide used herbicide and it has been demonstrated to be highly toxic to animals and humans. however, relatively little is known about pq effect on the immune system and histopathology of fish. in the present study, we aimed to determine the lysozyme activities, content of igm, and complement c3 content in the liver, kidney, and spleen of common carp exposed to 1.596 or 3.192 mg/l of pq for 7 d. the results showed that lysozyme activity in the liver, kidney, or ...201424486634
lactococcosis in silver carp.an adult silver carp hypophthalmichthys molitrix with a focally extensive skin lesion near the caudal peduncle and mild iridial hemorrhage was submitted to the aquatic research and diagnostic laboratory (ardl) in stoneville, mississippi, as part of a fish kill investigation. touch impressions of this musculoskeletal lesion revealed small cocci (∼1 μm) in pairs or chains within an inflammatory milieu. a pure gram-positive cocci isolate was obtained from the brain, while cultures of the kidney and ...201424689953
effect of terbuthylazine-2-hydroxy at environmental concentrations on early life stages of common carp (cyprinus carpio l.).the aim of the study was to investigate effects of the triazine's herbicide terbuthylazine-2-hydroxy on early life stage of common carp (cyprinus carpio l.) through antioxidant indices, mortality, growth, development, and histopathology. based on accumulated mortality in the experimental groups, lethal concentrations of terbuthylazine-2-hydroxy were estimated at 35-day lc50 = 10.9 mg/l terbuthylazine-2-hydroxy. by day 15, fish were exposed to 3.5 mg/l and by day 26, fish were exposed to 0.0029 m ...201424689046
rapid growth increases intrinsic predation risk in genetically modified cyprinus carpio: implications for environmental risk.the intrinsic effect of feeding regime on survival and predation-induced mortality was experimentally tested in genetically modified (gm) cyprinus carpio and wild specimens. the results clearly indicate a knock-on effect of the gh gene (gcgh) introduction into the c. carpio genome on their vulnerability to predation. the experiments unequivocally showed that it is the genetic nature of the c. carpio rather than its size that affects the risk of predation. in addition, fed c. carpio were more sus ...201424684509
bioavailability and bioaccumulation of sediment-bound polychlorinated biphenyls to carp.the relative bioavailability of sediment-bound polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs 138, 153, and 180) from a local contaminated site was examined using an in vivo carp model. surface sediment from the pcb-contaminated site and spiked canola oil containing equivalent masses of pcbs were respectively incorporated in the sediment-dosed diets and oil-dosed diets at 3 dose levels resulting in 6 experimental diets. juvenile carps (n = 90) were divided in 18 tanks (5 fish × 6 treatments × 3 tanks). fish we ...201424677303
effects of temperature change on cortisol release by common carp cyprinus carpio.common carp cyprinus carpio, stressed by fish handling practices, responded with a decrease in cortisol secretion when temperature was lowered from 20 to 14° c within 3·5 h compared to those kept at 20° c.201424665879
quinalphos induced alteration in respiratory rate and food consumption of freshwater fish cyprinus carpio.acute toxicity of commercial grade organophosphate insecticide, quinalphos (25% emulsified concentration) to common carp (cyprinus carpio) was tested through bioassay. the acute toxicity of quinalphos to the fingerlings exposed for 96 hr was found to be 2.75 ppm. for sub lethal toxicity study, the fish were exposed to two concentration viz., 1/10th of lc50 (0.275 ppm) and 1/5th of lc50 (0.55 ppm) along with lethal concentration (2.75 ppm) as reference for 48 hr. the carps were under stress and m ...201424665768
utilizing stomach content and faecal dna analysis techniques to assess the feeding behaviour of largemouth bass micropterus salmoides and bluegill lepomis macrochirus.in this study, the feeding behaviour of the non-native invasive predatory fishes largemouth bass micropterus salmoides and bluegill lepomis macrochirus was studied in the ezura river, a northern tributary of lake biwa, japan. prey composition was estimated based on visual examination of stomach contents and faecal dna analysis to determine feeding habits of these predatory fishes. stomach content analysis showed that native fishes (e.g. ayu plecoglossus altivelis and gobies rhinogobius spp.) and ...201424661110
comparison of long-term outcomes of s and j pouches and continent ileostomies in ulcerative colitis patients with restorative proctocolectomy-experience in subspecialty pouch center.there are no published studies comparing pouch configurations and long-term adverse outcomes.201424657364
in vivo effects of deoxynivalenol (don) on innate immune responses of carp (cyprinus carpio l.).deoxynivalenol (don) is one of the most important members of fusarium toxins since it often can be found in relevant concentrations in animal feeds. the effects of this group of toxins on fish are mostly unknown. the present study shows results from a feeding trial with carp (cyprinus carpio l.) using three different concentrations of don (352μgkg(-1), 619μgkg(-1), and 953μgkg(-1) final feed, respectively) which are comparable to levels found in commercial fish feeds. effects on growth and mass ...201424650758
carp, a myostatin-downregulated gene in cfm cells, is a novel essential positive regulator of myogenesis.myostatin, a member of the tgf-β superfamily, has been shown to act as a negative regulator of myogenesis. although its role in myogenesis has been clearly documented through genetic analysis, few gene cascades that respond to myostatin signaling and regulate myogenesis have been characterized, especially in avian species. in a previous study, we screened for such genes in chicken fetal myoblasts (cfms) using the differential display pcr method and found that cardiac ankyrin repeat protein (carp ...201424644428
laboratory biomarkers or imaging in the diagnostics of rheumatoid arthritis?rheumatoid arthritis (ra) is a common autoimmune disease in which a heterogeneous course and different pathogenic mechanisms are implicated in chronic inflammation and joint destruction. despite the diagnostic contribution of anti-citrullinated protein/peptide antibodies (acpas) and rheumatoid factors, about one-third of ra patients remain seronegative. acpas belong to a heterogeneous family of autoantibodies targeting citrullinated proteins, including myelin-basic protein, several histone prote ...201424642071
serum and ultrastructure responses of common carp (cyprinus carpio l.) during long-term exposure to zinc oxide nanoparticles.the uptake of nanoparticles by aquatic organisms such as fish has raised concerns about the possible adverse effects of nanoparticles (nps). in this study, we aimed to evaluate the toxicological effects in juvenile common carp exposed to zinc oxide nanoparticles (zno-nps) for 12 weeks. the carp were exposed to 0 (control), 0.1, 0.3, 0.8, and 2.4mg/l of zno-nps under a flow-through exposure system. fish were sampled at 0, 4, 8, and 12 weeks to test for zinc in the test water and blood, and bioche ...201424632117
complementary dna cloning and functional characterization of cytochrome p450 3a138 in common carp (cyprinus carpio l.).the full-length sequence of a cytochrome p450 3a 138 (cyp3a138) cdna in common carp was cloned and sequenced. the transcriptional and microsome enzyme activities of cyp3a138 in the fish liver after rifampicin exposure were also determined in this study. the results showed that the full-length cyp3a138 cdna is 1912 base pairs (bp) long and contains an open reading frame of 1551 bp encoding a protein of 517 amino acids. sequence analysis revealed that cyp3a138 is highly conserved in fish. furtherm ...201424623513
ovarian development and related changes in steroid hormones in female wild common carp (cyprinus carpio carpio), from the south-eastern caspian sea.wild common carp (cyprinus carpio carpio) is a native valuable but threatened species from the south-eastern caspian sea in which the endocrine control of its reproduction has not been studied. the objectives of this research were to study the reproductive strategy and changes in steroid hormones during ovarian development. from october 2009 to june 2010, 65 adult females were caught from the golestan coast (iran) and the ovarian histology, and gonadosomatic and hepatosomatic indices (gsi and hs ...201424621281
metal bioaccumulation in common carp and rudd from the topolnitsa reservoir, bulgaria.concentrations of arsenic (as), cadmium (cd), copper (cu), nickel (ni), lead (pb), and zinc (zn) were determined in water samples and five fish organs (gills, liver, kidney, spleen, and muscle) of common carp (cyprinus carpio l.) and common rudd (scardinius erythrophthalmus l.) from the topolnitsa reservoir (bulgaria) in three seasons (spring, summer, and autumn). this water ecosystem is located in a copper mining and metallurgical region. water metal concentrations were significantly higher in ...201424620011
prediction of the bioconcentration factor in common carp (cyprinus carpio l.) using data from the dietary exposure bioaccumulation fish test.an approach to predicting the bioconcentration factor (bcfpre ) from the predicted uptake rate constant (k1 pre ) and the depuration rate constant measured in the dietary exposure bioaccumulation fish test (k2 dietary ) [bcfpre  = k1 pre /k2 dietary ] is proposed in test guideline 305 of the organization for economic cooperation and development guidelines for testing of chemicals. data were collected on the bcfs of 197 test chemicals from japan's chemical substances control law database. to demo ...201424619947
vaccination of plasmid dna encoding orf81 gene of cj strains of khv provides protection to immunized carp.in order to construct the recombinant plasmid of pires-orf81, the nucleic acid isolated from koi herpes virus-cj (khv-cj) strains was used as a template to insert the orf81 gene fragments amplified by pcr into the pires-neo, a kind of eukaryotic expression vector. using western blotting analysis, it was verified that orf81 gene protein can be expressed correctly by pires-orf81, after mfc cells were transfected. the recombinant plasmid pires-orf81 was set into three immunization dose gradients: 1 ...201424619212
hyperplasia and cellularity changes in igf-1-overexpressing skeletal muscle of crucian carp.the zebrafish skeletal muscle-specific promoter mylz2 was used to cause crucian carp overexpression of the zebrafish igf-1 cdna. in stable transgenic germline f1 progenies, a 5-fold increase in the level of igf-1 in skeletal muscle was observed. evident skeletal muscle hyperplasia was observed in the transgenic fish through histologic analysis. by analyzing the rna sequencing transcriptome of the skeletal muscle of igf-1 transgenic fish and nontransgenic control fish at 15 months of age, 10 966 ...201424617525
antioxidant status of serum, muscle, intestine and hepatopancreas for fish fed graded levels of biotin.lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation and antioxidant activities of muscle, intestine, hepatopancreas and serum in juvenile jian carp (cyprinus carpio var. jian) were investigated after feeding graded levels of biotin (0.010, 0.028, 0.054, 0.151, 0.330, 1.540 and 2.680 mg kg(-1) diet) for 63 days. both malondialdehyde and protein carbonyl content in all studied tissues and serum were the lowest in fish fed diets containing 0.151-0.330 mg biotin kg(-1) diet and then increased in fish fed the diet ...201424045863
expression of immune system-related genes during ontogeny in experimentally wounded common carp (cyprinus carpio) larvae and juveniles.we investigated the effect of full-thickness incisional wounding on expression of genes related to the immune system in larvae and juveniles of common carp (cyprinus carpio). the wounds were inflicted by needle puncture immediately below the anterior part of the dorsal fin on days 7, 14, 28 and 49 after fertilization. we followed the local gene expression 1, 3 and 7 days after wounding by removing head and viscera before extracting rna from the remaining part of the fish, including the wound are ...201424064235
isolation, characterisation and cdna sequencing of a new form of parvalbumin from carp semen.parvalbumins (pv) are calcium-binding proteins present mainly in the muscle and nervous system where they act as a ca(2+) buffer. our previous work demonstrated the presence of pv-i in carp semen and indicated the presence of a second pv (pv-ii). the purpose of the present work was to identify, purify and determine the full-length cdna sequence of pv-ii from carp testis. pv-ii from seminal plasma was purified by ion-exchange chromatography (iec) and preparative electrophoresis, while the pv-ii f ...201424064209
inverse pcr-based method for isolating novel sines from genome.short interspersed elements (sines) are moderately repetitive dna sequences in eukaryotic genomes. although eukaryotic genomes contain numerous sines copy, it is very difficult and laborious to isolate and identify them by the reported methods. in this study, the inverse pcr was successfully applied to isolate sines from opsariichthys bidens genome in eastern asian cyprinid. a group of sines derived from trna(ala) molecular had been identified, which were named opsar according to opsariichthys. ...201424122282
fish gut microbiota analysis differentiates physiology and behavior of invasive asian carp and indigenous american fish.gut microbiota of invasive asian silver carp (svcp) and indigenous planktivorous gizzard shad (gzsd) in mississippi river basin were compared using 16s rrna gene pyrosequencing. analysis of more than 440 000 quality-filtered sequences obtained from the foregut and hindgut of gzsd and svcp revealed high microbial diversity in these samples. gzsd hindgut (gzsd_h) samples (n=23) with >7000 operational taxonomy units (otus) exhibited the highest alpha-diversity indices followed by svcp foregut (n=15 ...201424132079
carbonic anhydrase related proteins: molecular biology and evolution.the catalytically inactive isoforms of α-carbonic anhydrases are known as carbonic anhydrase related proteins (carps). the carps occur independently or as domains of other proteins in animals (both vertebrates and invertebrates) and viruses. the catalytic inactivity of carps is due to the lack of histidine residues required for the coordination of the zinc atom. the phylogenetic analysis shows that these proteins are highly conserved across the species. the three carps in vertebrates are known a ...201424146378
nitric oxide metabolites during anoxia and reoxygenation in the anoxia-tolerant vertebrate trachemys scripta.moderate elevations of nitrite and nitric oxide (no) protect mammalian tissues against ischemia (anoxia)-reperfusion damage by inhibiting mitochondrial electron transport complexes and reducing the formation of reactive oxygen species (ros) upon reoxygenation. crucian carp appear to exploit this mechanism by upregulating nitrite and other nitrite/no metabolites (s-nitroso and iron-nitrosyl compounds) in several tissues when exposed to anoxia. we investigated whether this is a common strategy amo ...201424143029
hematological, biochemical and enzymological responses in an indian major carp labeo rohita induced by sublethal concentration of waterborne selenite exposure.selenium (se) pollution in aquatic ecosystem is an environmental issue throughout the world. elevated concentrations of inorganic se from agricultural and industrial processes may cause adverse biological effects in aquatic organisms such as fish. in the present study, labeo rohita an indian major carp were exposed to sublethal concentration of se (sodium selenite) for 35days and certain hematological, biochemical and enzymological parameters were estimated. the median lethal concentration of wa ...201424183823
the effects of dietary thiamin on oxidative damage and antioxidant defence of juvenile fish.the present study explored the effects of thiamin on antioxidant capacity of juvenile jian carp (cyprinus carpio var. jian). in a 60-day feeding trial, a total of 1,050 juvenile jian carp (8.20 ± 0.02 g) were fed graded levels of thiamin at 0.25, 0.48, 0.79, 1.06, 1.37, 1.63 and 2.65 mg thiamin kg(-1) diets. the results showed that malondialdehyde and protein carbonyl contents in serum, hepatopancreas, intestine and muscle were significantly decreased with increasing dietary thiamin levels (p <  ...201424178923
carbamylation and antibodies against carbamylated proteins in autoimmunity and other pathologies.carbamylation is a non-enzymatic post-translational modification in which cyanate binds to molecules containing primary amine or thiol groups and forms carbamyl groups. cyanate is in equilibrium with urea in body fluid and increased carbamylation was first reported in patients with increased urea levels such as patients suffering renal diseases. next, increased carbamylation related to inflammation has also been described in other conditions such as cardiovascular disease. recently, a new conseq ...201424176675
quantitative aspects of cgmp phosphodiesterase activation in carp rods and cones.cones are less light-sensitive than rods. we showed previously in carp that more light (>100-fold) is required in cones than in rods to activate 50% of cgmp phosphodiesterase (pde). the lower effectiveness of pde activation in carp cones is due partly to the fact that the activation rate of transducin (tr) by light-activated visual pigment (r*) is 5-fold lower in carp cones than in rods. in this study, we tried to explain the remaining difference. first, we examined the efficiency of activation ...201424344136
anti-carbamylated protein (anti-carp) antibodies precede the onset of rheumatoid arthritis.the presence of anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (acpa) and igm-rheumatoid factor (igm-rf) years before the clinical diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis (ra) suggests they are possibly involved in the pathogenic process underlying ra. in this study, we analysed whether anti-carbamylated protein (anti-carp) antibodies, a novel autoantibody system against carbamylated proteins, can also be detected in healthy individuals before they developed ra.201424336334
express yourself: bold individuals induce enhanced morphological defences.organisms display an impressive array of defence strategies in nature. inducible defences (changes in morphology and/or behaviour within a prey's lifetime) allow prey to decrease vulnerability to predators and avoid unnecessary costs of expression. many studies report considerable interindividual variation in the degree to which inducible defences are expressed, yet what underlies this variation is poorly understood. here, we show that individuals differing in a key personality trait also differ ...201424335987
immunity to ichthyophthirius infections in fish: a synopsis.ichthyophthirius multifiliis is a ciliated protozoan parasite that infects freshwater fish. it has been the subject of both applied and basic research for over 100years, which can be attributed to its world-wide distribution and its significant economic impact on both food and aquarium fish production. i. multifiliis serves as a model for studies in fish on innate and acquired immunity, as well as on mucosal immunity. although an obligate parasite, i. multifiliis is relatively easily passaged fr ...201423810781
prostanoids-induced dispersion in the melanophores of a carp labeo rohita (ham.).effects of three prostaglandins (i.e., prostanoids) and one of its precursors, arachidonic acid, were examined on the melanophores of the fish labeo rohita (ham.). pge₁, pge₂, pgf(2α) and arachidonic acid elicit a concentration-related dispersion in the fish melanophores. in vitro analysis of melanophores was performed through incubation of the isolated fish scales in different agonists and antagonists solutions. dispersal effect of prostanoids may be mediated directly through the typical recept ...201423801365
isolation and partial characterization of a novel virus from different carp species suffering gill necrosis - ultrastructure and morphogenesis.two isolates of a novel enveloped rna virus were obtained from carp and koi carp with gill necrosis. both isolates behaved identically and could be propagated in different cyprinid cell lines forming large syncytia. the virus was sensitive to lipid solvents and neither exhibited haemadsorption/haemagglutination nor reverse transcriptase activity. mature virus particles displayed a spherical shape with diameter of 100-350 nm after negative staining and 100-300 nm in ultrathin sections, covered by ...201423865968
antiviral functions of cd8(+) cytotoxic t cells in teleost fish.cytotoxic t-cells (ctls) play a pivotal role in eliminating viruses in mammalian adaptive immune system. many recent studies on t-cell immunity of fish have suggested that teleost ctls are also important for antiviral immunity. cellular functional studies using clonal ginbuan crucian carp and rainbow trout have provided in vivo and in vitro evidence that in many respects, virus-specific ctls of fish have functions similar to those of mammalian ctls. in addition, mrna expression profiles of ctl-r ...201423938605
effects of dietary selenium of organic form against lead toxicity on the antioxidant system in cyprinus carpio.in this study was evaluated potential protective effect of organic selenium (se) on heavy metal stress induced by lead (pb) in cyprinus carpio. for this reason, c. carpio was exposed to sublethal concentration of pb (1.5 mg/l pb(no3)2) for 14 days. the fish were fed a basal (control; measured 0.55 mg/kg se) diet or a basal diet supplemented with 2.50 mg/kg (measured 2.92 mg/kg se) organic se (sel-plex(®)) during the experiment period. the variations in glutathione peroxidase (gsh-px), glutathion ...201423974671
in vitro cultivation model for heterosporis saurida (microsporidia) isolated from lizardfish, saurida undosquamis (richardson).heterosporis saurida is a microsporidian that infects lizardfish, saurida undosquamis (richardson, 1848), in the arabian sea. spores were isolated from infected lizardfish and used to infect derived fish cell lines: common carp brain (ccb), epithelioma papulosum cyprinid (epc), fathead minnow epithelial (fhm), rainbow trout gonad (rtg), bluegill fry (bf-2) and chinook salmon embryo (chse). non-fish cell lines were also tested that include: insect (sf-9), rabbit (rk-13) and african green monkey ( ...201423957717
study of seasonal variations and health risk assessment of heavy metals in cyprinus carpio from rawal lake, pakistan.this study was carried out to find out the comparative distribution of heavy metals (fe, cu, mn, zn, co, cr, cd and pb) in various tissues (muscles, gills, liver, stomach and intestine) of cyprinus carpio from rawal lake, pakistan, during summer and winter. relatively higher concentrations of cd, co, cr, cu, fe and zn were found in the stomach samples, while the highest pb and zn levels were noted in muscle and intestine samples, respectively. correlation study exhibited diverse relationships am ...201424213637
the complete mitochondrial genome of the japanese ornamental koi carp (cyprinus carpio) and its implication for the history of koi.complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) sequences were determined for two individuals of japanese ornamental koi carp. interestingly, the obtained mitogenomes (16,581 bp) were both completely identical to the recently reported mitogenome of oujiang color carp from china. control region (cr) sequences in dna database demonstrated that more than half (65%) of the koi carp individuals so far reported had partial or complete cr sequences identical to those from oujiang color carp. these results m ...201423607478
high affinity of cadmium and copper to head kidney of common carp (cyprinus carpio l.).the aim of the present study was to evaluate bioaccumulation of metals in various tissues of the freshwater fish cyprinus carpio l. exposed to cadmium and copper (a xenobiotic and a microelement). the fish were subjected to short-term (3 h, cd-s and cu-s) or long-term (4 weeks, cd-l and cu-l) exposures to 100 % 96hlc₅₀ or 10 % 96hlc₅₀, respectively. blood, gill, liver, head and trunk kidney were isolated weekly from 5 fish of each group for 4 weeks (post-short-term exposure and during long-term ...201423756826
transmission of fish-borne zoonotic trematodes (heterophyidae) to common carp (cyprinus carpio) is independent of density of fish and trematodes.fish-borne zoonotic trematodes (fzts) can cause major human health problems. the aim of this study was to quantify the transmission of parapleurolophocercous cercariae to common carp (cyprinus carpio) and to study the effect of the density of cercariae and the density of fish on transmission with respect to the volume of water and surface area of the bottom. fish were kept individually either as controls (n= 91) or were exposed to 250 cercariae in tubes with a volume of 25, 50, 100, 250 or 500 m ...201423339771
evaluation of the effects induced by dietary diphenyl diselenide on common carp cyprinus carpio.several diets employed in aquaculture are enriched with selenium (se), as it is a fundamental element to aquatic vertebrates. diphenyl diselenide [(phse)₂], which is a synthetic organoselenium compound, has been considered a potential antioxidant agent in different experimental models. thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary diphenyl diselenide at concentrations of 1.5, 3.0, and 5.0 mg/kg for 60 days and to determine its optimal supplemental level for carp, cyprinus ca ...201423877622
biomarker responses in caged carp (cyprinuscarpio) and native collected fish (leporinus obtusidens) in the río de la plata estuary, argentina.punta lara is located in the río de la plata estuary near industrial areas contaminated mainly by organic pollutants. in this work, the responses and status of hepatic biomarkers were studied in juvenile carp (cyprinus carpio) by means of a 21-day field exposure in cages and collection of juvenile native fish (leporinus obtusidens) at punta lara. the analyzed hepatic biomarkers were: enzymatic activity of glutathione-s-transferase (gst), catalase (cat) and superoxide dismutase (sod), lipid perox ...201423125150
assessment of microwave cooking on the bioaccessibility of cadmium from various food matrices using an in vitro digestion model.bioaccessibility represents the maximum amount of pollutant ingested with food that is available for intestinal absorption. the measurement of bioaccessibility can achieve a more accurate risk assessment. thus, in this study, the bioaccessibility of raw/microwave-cooked store-bought food including carrot, potato, white radish, lotus root, sweet corn, long grain rice, soybean, fleshy prawn, eastern oyster, kelp, and common carp were investigated by applying an in vitro digestion method. a validat ...201424958019
effects of dietary microencapsulated sodium butyrate on growth, intestinal mucosal morphology, immune response and adhesive bacteria in juvenile common carp (cyprinus carpio) pre-fed with or without oxidised oil.the aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of different dietary sustained-release microencapsulated sodium butyrate (msb) products (0 (non-supplement), 1·5 and 3·0 h) for a control or oxidised soyabean oil (sbo) diet on fish production, intestinal mucosal condition, immunity and intestinal bacteria in juvenile common carp (cyprinus carpio). dietary msb increased weight gain and reduced the feed conversion ratio within the control and oxidised sbo groups. gut mucosa was damaged i ...201424774835
assessment of microcystin concentration in carp and catfish: a case study from lakshmikund pond, varanasi, india.the present study was conducted to analyse microcystin concentrations in lakshmikund pond, varanasi, india, as well as in carp and catfish of the pond. the concentrations of microcystin were found well above the who guidelines (1 µg/l) both for the dissolved and particulate fractions of bloom samples. the microcystin concentrations in different organs of carp and catfish were in the following sequence; liver > gut > kidney > gall bladder > gills > muscles and gut > liver > kidney > gall bladder ...201424771133
antioxidant effects of propolis on carp cyprinus carpio exposed to arsenic: biochemical and histopathologic findings.propolis, a resinous material produced by worker bees from the leaf buds and exudates of plants, is reported to possess various therapeutic properties. the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of propolis on biochemical parameters and histopathologic findings in carp cyprinus carpio l. exposed to arsenic. a sublethal concentration of arsenic (0.01 mg l-1) and/or 10 mg l-1 propolis were administered to fish for 1 wk. catalase (cat) activities and malondialdehyde (mda) levels were dete ...201424695237
disulfiram suppresses growth of the malignant pleural mesothelioma cells in part by inducing apoptosis.dithiocarbamate compound disulfiram (dsf) that binds with copper and functions as an inhibitor of aldehyde dehydrogenase is a food and drug administration approved agent for treatment of alcoholism. copper complexed dsf (dsf-cu) also possesses anti-tumor and chemosensitizing properties; however, its molecular mechanisms of action remain unclear. here we investigated malignant pleural mesothelioma (mpm) suppressive effects of dsf-cu and the molecular mechanisms involved. dsf-cu inhibited growth o ...201424690739
skeletal muscle plasticity induced by seasonal acclimatization in carp involves differential expression of rrna and molecules that epigenetically regulate its synthesis.ribosomal biogenesis controls cellular growth in living organisms, with the rate-limiting step of this process being the transcription of ribosomal dna (rdna). considering that epigenetic mechanisms allow an organism to respond to environmental changes, the expression in muscle of several molecules that regulate epigenetic rrna synthesis, as well as rdna transcription, were evaluated during the seasonal acclimatization of the carp. first, the nucleotide sequences encoding the components forming ...201424769445
corticotropin-releasing factor-binding protein (crf-bp) inhibits crf- and urotensin-i-mediated activation of crf receptor-1 and -2 in common carp.corticotropin-releasing factor-binding protein (crf-bp) is considered a key determinant for crf receptor (crf-r) activation by crf and several related peptides. earlier studies have shown that the crf system is highly conserved in gene structures throughout evolution, yet little is known about the evolutionary conservation of its biological functions. therefore, we address the functional properties of crf-bp and crf-rs in a teleost fish (common carp; cyprinus carpio l.). we report the finding of ...201424769042
the pathogenic potential of autoreactive antibodies in rheumatoid arthritis.rheumatoid arthritis (ra) is an autoimmune disease affecting ∼1 % of the population. although major advances have been made in the treatment of ra, relatively little is known about disease pathogenesis. autoantibodies, present in approximately 60 % of the patients with early disease, might provide indications for immunological mechanisms underlying ra. among the ra-associated autoantibodies, especially anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (acpas) have been studied intensively in the last decade ...201424763532
development and evaluation of the first high-throughput snp array for common carp (cyprinus carpio).a large number of single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) have been identified in common carp (cyprinus carpio) but, as yet, no high-throughput genotyping platform is available for this species. c. carpio is an important aquaculture species that accounts for nearly 14% of freshwater aquaculture production worldwide. we have developed an array for c. carpio with 250,000 snps and evaluated its performance using samples from various strains of c. carpio.201424762296
bioaccumulation and elimination kinetics of hydroxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers (2'-oh-bde68 and 4-oh-bde90) and their distribution pattern in common carp (cyprinus carpio).hydroxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers (oh-pbdes) have attracted wide concerns due to their toxicities and universal presence in wildlife and humans. the relatively high kow values of oh-pbdes imply these compounds may have a significant bioaccumulation potential, but so far, the existing data provide little information regarding the kinetics of uptake and depuration in any organisms. here we exposed common carps separately to two oh-pbdes, 2'-oh-bde68 and 4-oh-bde90, for 30 days (d) in a f ...201424759434
the efficacy of alfaxalone for immersion anesthesia in koi carp (cyprinus carpio).to characterize the physiologic and behavioral effects of a single induction dose and two maintenance doses of alfaxalone delivered by water immersion in the anesthesia of koi (cyprinus carpio).201424754530
tyrosine hydroxylase in the olfactory system, forebrain and pituitary of the indian major carp, cirrhinus cirrhosus: organisation and interaction with neuropeptide y in the preoptic area.dopamine (da) inhibits, whereas gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (gnrh) stimulates, luteinisiing (lh) cells in the pituitary of some but not all teleosts. a reduction in the hypophysiotropic dopaminergic tone is necessary for the stimulatory effect of gnrh on lh cells. neuropeptide y (npy) has emerged as one of the potent, endogenous agent that modulates lh secretion directly or indirectly via gnrh. involvement of npy in the regulation of hypophysiotropic da neurones, however, is not known, but t ...201424750502
evaluation of trace metal content by icp-ms using closed vessel microwave digestion in fresh water fish.the objective of the present study was to investigate trace metal levels of different varieties of fresh water fish using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrophotometer after microwave digestion (md-icpms). fish samples were collected from the outlets of twin cities of hyderabad and secunderabad. the trace metal content in different varieties of analyzed fish were ranged from 0.24 to 1.68 mg/kg for chromium in cyprinus carpio and masto symbollon, 0.20 to 7.52 mg/kg for manganese in labeo rohi ...201424744789
the muscle ankyrin repeat proteins carp, ankrd2, and darp are not essential for normal cardiac development and function at basal conditions and in response to pressure overload.ankrd1/carp, ankrd2/arpp, and ankrd23/darp belong to a family of stress inducible ankyrin repeat proteins expressed in striated muscle (marps). the marps are homologous in structure and localized in the nucleus where they negatively regulate gene expression as well as in the sarcomeric i-band, where they are thought to be involved in mechanosensing. together with their strong induction during cardiac disease and the identification of causative ankrd1 gene mutations in cardiomyopathy patients, th ...201424736439
tissue-specific fatty acids response to different diets in common carp (cyprinus carpio l.).fish depend on dietary fatty acids (fa) to support their physiological condition and health. exploring the fa distribution in common carp (cyprinus carpio), one of the world's most consumed freshwater fish, is important to understand how and where fa of different sources are allocated. we investigated diet effects on the composition of polar and neutral lipid fatty acids (plfa and nlfa, respectively) in eight different tissues (dorsal and ventral muscle, heart, kidney, intestine, eyes, liver and ...201424733499
the quality of carp (cyprinus carpio l.) cultured in various polish regions.although environmental factors greatly affect the quality of carp meat, no regulations impose labelling the place of cultivation of freshwater fish. that is why the purpose of this study was to determine the quality of carp meat cultivated in several regions of poland as well as to assess the necessity of implementing such regulations.201424728906
metabolic disposition and excretion of quinocetone in rats, pigs, broilers, and carp.excretion, disposition, and metabolism of [(3)h]-quinocetone in rats, pigs, broilers, and carp following oral administration were investigated. after a single p.o. dose, total radioactivity was rapidly excreted, with ⩾94% in all species within 14 days. fecal excretion of radioactivity was 68% and 65% of the administered dose in rats and pigs, respectively, with the remainder excreted in the urine. six hours after the last of seven daily oral administrations of (3)h-labeled qct, radioactivity was ...201424727229
bioavailability of the imidazole antifungal agent clotrimazole and its effects on key biotransformation genes in the common carp (cyprinus carpio).clotrimazole (ctz) is a persistent imidazole antifungal agent which is frequently detected in the aquatic environment and predicted to bio-concentrate in fish. common carp (cyprinus carpio) were exposed to mean measured concentrations of either 1.02 or 14.63μgl(-1) ctz for 4 and 10 days, followed by a depuration period of 4 days in a further group of animals. following each exposure regimen, plasma and liver ctz concentrations were measured. mean measured plasma concentrations of ctz in animals ...201424727216
effects of carbon tetrachloride on oxidative stress, inflammatory response and hepatocyte apoptosis in common carp (cyprinus carpio).in the present study, the cellular and molecular mechanism of carbon tetrachloride (ccl4)-induced hepatotoxicity in fish was investigated by studying the effects of ccl4 on the oxidative stress, inflammatory response and hepatocyte apoptosis. common carp were given an intraperitoneal injection of 30% ccl4 in arachis oil (0.5ml/kg body weight). at 72h post-injection, blood were collected to measure glutamate pyruvate transaminase (gpt), glutamate oxalate transaminase (got), superoxide dismutase ( ...201424721155
screening of endocrine disruption activity in sediments from the uruguay river.sediment constitutes an important sink of endocrine disruptor compounds; however, the potential of sediments to act as a source of endocrine disruptors should be more extensively investigated. the main objective of this study was to determine whether exposure of immature common carp to uruguay river sediments undergo physiological and endocrine alterations. the lower uruguay river watershed supports intensive agricultural and forest production, receives municipal sewage discharge and industrial ...201424802028
eutrophic urban ponds suffer from cyanobacterial blooms: dutch examples.ponds play an important role in urban areas. however, cyanobacterial blooms counteract the societal need for a good water quality and pose serious health risks for citizens and pets. to provide insight into the extent and possible causes of cyanobacterial problems in urban ponds, we conducted a survey on cyanobacterial blooms and studied three ponds in detail. among 3,500 urban ponds in the urbanized dutch province of north brabant, 125 showed cyanobacterial blooms in the period 2009-2012. this ...201424798921
evaluation of biochemical, haematological, and histopathological responses and recovery ability of common carp (cyprinus carpio l.) after acute exposure to atrazine herbicide.the aim of study was to evaluate the effect of atrazine exposure (5, 15, 20, and 30 mg·l(-1)) on common carp and the ability of regeneration. during 96 h exposure we observed abnormal behavior in fish exposed to 20 and 30 mg·l(-1). mortality and histological alterations were noticed only in the group exposed to 30 mg·l(-1). most experimental groups showed significantly (p < 0.05) lower values of haemoglobin, haematocrit, leukocyte, and lymphocyte and significantly higher values of monocytes, seg ...201424791011
effects of sodium fluoride on mapks signaling pathway in the gills of a freshwater teleost, cyprinus carpio.exposure to elevated levels of fluoride can cause a variety of adverse effects in fish. previously we showed that fluoride causes injuries and apoptosis in the gills of cyprinus carpio. in this study, the effects of fluoride on caspase-3 activity and on accumulation of proteins in the mapks pathways were evaluated using western blotting and immunohistochemistry methods in vivo and in vitro. in vivo experiments showed that the caspase-3 activity increased with fluoride exposure level in a dose-de ...201424780358
taxonomic validity and phylogenetic relationships of a newly-described tooth-carp, aphanius mesopotamicus coad, 2009 (teleostei: cyprinodontidae).variation among complete cytb sequences (1140 bp) of aphanius mesopotamicus coad, 2009 was compared with closely related species, to investigate the validity of this taxon as a newly-described tooth-carp based on morphological characteristics. maximum likelihood and bayesian likelihood trees supported the monophyly of a. mesopotamicus and its sister group relationship to a. sophiae. some 10-16 differences were found when compared to four different population samples of a. sophiae, whereas, intra ...201424871855
carp is a potential tumor suppressor in gastric carcinoma and a single-nucleotide polymorphism in carp gene might increase the risk of gastric carcinoma.the caspase-associated recruitment domain-containing protein (carp) is expressed in almost all tissues. recently, the tumor-suppressive function of carp was discovered and attracted increasing attention. this study aimed to investigate the role of carp in the carcinogenesis of human gastric carcinoma.201424870804
two new species of the tooth-carp aphanius (teleostei: cyprinodontidae) and the evolutionary history of the iranian inland and inland-related aphanius species .two new species of aphanius are described from the kol drainage in southern iran (aphanius darabensis n. sp.) and the endorheic kavir basin in northern iran (a. kavirensis n. sp.), and compared with eight closely related species. aphanius darabensis n. sp. is sister to a. shirini, from which it is distinguished by molecular characters (cytochrome b) and the combination of three morphological characters: 9-18 flank bars in males (vs. 7-10), females with irregular vertical patches of brown color o ...201424869537
synthesis of (3s,3's)- and meso-stereoisomers of alloxanthin and determination of absolute configuration of alloxanthin isolated from aquatic animals.in order to determine the absolute configuration of naturally occurring alloxanthin, a hplc analytical method for three stereoisomers 1a-c was established by using a chiral column. two authentic samples, (3s,3's)- and meso-stereoisomers 1b and 1c, were chemically synthesized according to the method previously developed for (3r,3'r)-alloxanthin (1a). application of this method to various alloxanthin specimens of aquatic animals demonstrated that those isolated from shellfishes, tunicates, and cru ...201424862182
effects of cyhalothrin-based pesticide on early life stages of common carp (cyprinus carpio l.).the effects of nexide (a.i. gamma-cyhalothrin 60 g l(-1)) on cumulative mortality, growth indices, and ontogenetic development of embryos and larvae of common carp (cyprinus carpio l.) were studied. levels of oxidative stress parameters glutathione reductase (gr), glutathione peroxidase (gpx), catalase (cat), glutathione-s-transferase (gst), and lipid peroxidation were determined. eggs of newly fertilised common carp were exposed to nexide at concentrations 5, 25, 50, 100, and 250  μ g l(-1) (0. ...201424860807
rh versus ph: the role of rhesus glycoproteins in renal ammonia excretion during metabolic acidosis in a freshwater teleost fish.increased renal ammonia excretion in response to metabolic acidosis is thought to be a conserved response in vertebrates. we tested the hypothesis that rhesus (rh) glycoproteins in the kidney of the freshwater common carp, cyprinus carpio, play a crucial role in regulating renal ammonia excretion during chronic metabolic acidosis. exposure to water ph 4.0 (72 h) resulted in a classic metabolic acidosis with reduced plasma arterial ph and [hco3(-)], no change in pco2 and large changes in renal fu ...201424855681
inhibition of the cardiac atp-dependent potassium current by kb-r7943.kb-r7943 (2-[2-[4-(4-nitrobenzyloxy)phenyl]ethyl]isothiourea) was developed as a specific inhibitor of the sarcolemmal sodium-calcium exchanger (ncx) with potential experimental and therapeutic use. however, in cardiomyocytes kb-r7943 also effectively blocks several k(+) currents including the delayed rectifier, ikr, and background inward rectifier, ik1. in the present study we analyze the effects of kb-r7943 on the atp-dependent potassium current (ikatp) recorded by whole-cell patch-clamp in ve ...201424845199
peptide discovery in the ectoparasitic crustacean argulus siamensis: identification of the first neuropeptides from a member of the branchiura.recent advances in high-throughput sequencing have facilitated the generation of large transcriptomic datasets for an ever-growing number of crustaceans, one being the carp louse argulus siamensis. this and other members of the subclass branchiura are obligate fish ectoparasites, and as such, are a major concern for commercial aquaculture. using the extant transcriptome shotgun assembly (tsa) sequences for a. siamensis, 27 transcripts encoding putative neuropeptide precursors were identified, an ...201424842716
feeding common carp cyprinus carpio with β-glucan supplemented diet stimulates c-reactive protein and complement immune acute phase responses following pamps injection.the effect of β-glucan as a feed additive on the serum and gene profile of c-reactive protein (crp) and complement acute phase responses was ascertained in common carp cyprinus carpio. in addition effects of subsequent intraperitoneal injections of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (pamps), i.e. lps or poly(i:c), to mimic bacterial or viral infection respectively, were studied. carp were first orally fed with β-glucan (macrogard®) with a daily β-glucan intake of 6 mg per kg body weight or w ...201424830773
habitat connectivity and resident shared predators determine the impact of invasive bullfrogs on native frogs in farm ponds.habitat connectivity is considered to have an important role on the persistence of populations in the face of habitat fragmentation, in particular, for species with conservation concern. however, it can also impose indirect negative effects on native species through the spread of invasive species. here, we investigated direct and indirect effects of habitat connectivity on populations of invasive bullfrogs and native wrinkled frogs and how these effects are modified by the presence of common car ...201424827433
[determination of 14 pesticide residues in crucian carp using on-line gel permeation chromatography-multi gas chromatography/mass spectrometry].a new method was developed for the determination of pesticide residues in crucian carp using on-line gel permeation chromatography-multi gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (gpc-mdgc/ms). the pesticide residues were extracted with cyclohexane-ethyl acetate (1:1, v/v) for twice. after being frozen, the extract was filtered by 0.22 microm member, and then cleaned up and analyzed by online gpc-mdgc/ms. the pesticides were selectively transferred from the 1st column to the 2nd column by means of he ...201424822450
identification and characterization of micrornas in the spleen of common carp immune organ.micrornas (mirnas) play an important role in the regulation of many fundamental biological processes in eukaryotes; however, mirnas associated with immune functions in the common carp have not been reported. in this study, a small-rna cdna library was constructed from the spleen of the common carp. a total of 10,603,456 high-quality clean reads, representing 293,603 unique sequences, were obtained from the small-cdna library using the solexa sequencing. by the bioinformatic analysis, 194 conserv ...201424819892
ontogeny of critical and prolonged swimming performance for the larvae of six australian freshwater fish species.critical (<30 min) and prolonged (>60 min) swimming speeds in laboratory chambers were determined for larvae of six species of australian freshwater fishes: trout cod maccullochella macquariensis, murray cod maccullochella peelii, golden perch macquaria ambigua, silver perch bidyanus bidyanus, carp gudgeon hypseleotris spp. and murray river rainbowfish melanotaenia fluviatilis. developmental stage (preflexion, flexion, postflexion and metalarva) better explained swimming ability than did length, ...201424814314
anti-carp antibodies in two large cohorts of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and their relationship to genetic risk factors, cigarette smoking and other autoantibodies.in rheumatoid arthritis (ra), several genetic risk factors and smoking are strongly associated with the presence of anticitrullinated protein antibodies (acpa), while much less is known about risk factors for acpa-negative ra. antibodies against carbamylated proteins (anti-carp) have been described in both acpa-positive and acpa-negative ra patients. in this study, we have analysed the relationships among anti-carp antibodies, acpa, genetic risk factors (hla-drb1 alleles and ptpn22) and smoking ...201424812286
additive effects of predator cues and dimethoate on different levels of biological organisation in the non-biting midge chironomus riparius.the combined effects of a pesticide and predation risk on sublethal endpoints in the midge chironomus riparius were investigated using a combination of predator-release kairomones from common carp (cyprinus carpio) and alarm substances from conspecifics together with the pesticide dimethoate. midge larvae were exposed for 30 days to three sublethal dimethoate concentrations (0.01, 0.1 and 0.25 mg l(-1)) in the presence or absence of predator cues. sublethal endpoints were analysed at different l ...201425063887
effects of atrazine and chlorpyrifos on dna methylation in the liver, kidney and gill of the common carp (cyprinus carpio l.).pesticide exposure has repeatedly been associated with cancers, although the molecular mechanisms behind this association are largely undetermined. abnormal dna methylation plays a key role in the process of some disease. however, little was known about the effect of pesticides on dna methylation in the common carp. in this study, we investigated the mrna levels of dna methyltransferases (dnmts) and methyl-cpg-binding protein dna-binding domain protein 2 (mbd2) as well as the dna methylation lev ...201425062446
analyzing cold tolerance mechanism in transgenic zebrafish (danio rerio).low temperatures may cause severe growth inhibition and mortality in fish. in order to understand the mechanism of cold tolerance, a transgenic zebrafish tg (smyd1:m3ck) model was established to study the effect of energy homeostasis during cold stress. the muscle-specific promoter smyd1 was used to express the carp muscle form iii of creatine kinase (m3-ck), which maintained enzymatic activity at a relatively low temperature, in zebrafish skeletal muscle. in situ hybridization showed that m3-ck ...201425058652
differential effects of lipid fractions from silver carp brain on human cervical carcinoma cells in vitro.previous research has revealed that n3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (pufas) exhibit anticancer activities. lipids from a fish brain contain substantial n3 pufas. however, no research has been conducted on the action and mechanism of their potent anticancer activities. in this study, total lipids (tls) from silver carp brain were isolated into polar lipids (pls) and neutral lipids (nls), and the anticancer potential of the lipid fractions (lfs) was investigated using the human cervical carcinoma h ...201425047635
occurrence of additive brominated flame retardants in aquatic organisms from tai lake and yangtze river in eastern china, 2009-2012.since the phase-out of pbdes, reports regarding occurrences of these compounds in the environment have become less frequent. to characterize potential influences of the phase-out of pbdes' on concentrations in the environment, trends in concentrations as a function of time were investigated for two additive brominated flame retardants, pbdes and hbcds. three aquatic species, including shrimp, common carp, and yellow catfish, were collected from meiliang bay of tai lake, 2009-2012. the analysis o ...201425038592
characterization and expression analysis of an interferon-γ2 induced chemokine receptor cxcr3 in common carp (cyprinus carpio l.).chemokine and chemokine receptor signalling pairs play a crucial role in regulation of cell migration, morphogenesis, and cell activation. expressed in mammals on activated t and nk cells, chemokine receptor cxcr3 binds interferon-γ inducible chemokines cxcl9-11 and ccl21. here we sequenced the carp cxcr3 chemokine receptor and showed its relationship to cxcr3a receptors found in other teleosts. we found high expression of the cxcr3 gene in most of the organs and tissues of the immune system and ...201425036761
mechanisms of neuroblastoma cell growth inhibition by carp-1 functional mimetics.neuroblastomas (nbs) are a clinically heterogeneous group of extra cranial pediatric tumors. patients with high-risk, metastatic nbs have a long-term survival rate of below 40%, and are often resistant to current therapeutic modalities. due to toxic side effects associated with radiation and chemotherapies, development of new agents is warranted to overcome resistance and effectively treat this disease in clinic. carp-1 functional mimetics (cfms) are an emerging class of small molecule compounds ...201425033461
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