Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| genetic diversity of drug targets including dihydropteroate synthase, dihydrofolate reductase and cytochrome b, in pneumocystis carinii f. sp. hominis isolates in japan. | this study examined gene polymorphisms in dihydropteroate synthase (dhps), dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) and cytochrome b of pneumocystis carinii isolated from 34 patients with p. carinii pneumonia (pcp) in japan. four amino acid substitutions (thr55ala, pro57ser, his60gln and glu169gly) in dhps, 2 mutations (ala67val and cys166tyr) in dhfr and 1 mutation (leu280phe) in cytochrome b were found in 9 (26.5%), 2 (5.9%) and 1 (2.9%) patient, respectively. no linkage of mutations in dhps to those in ... | 2002 | 15080506 |
| early-onset pneumocystis carinii pneumonia complicating norwood ii operation in a 3-month-old patient. | 2002 | 12583383 | |
| epidemiology and outcome of clostridium difficile infection and diarrhea in hiv infected inpatients. | clostridium difficile causes diarrhea in hiv infected patients but reports of prevalence, risk factors, and outcome vary. we studied the impact of c. difficile in 161 hiv infected inpatients admitted to cook county hospital. patients with c. difficile had more hospital admissions in the previous 6 months (p =.04), spent more days in the hospital in the previous 3 months (p =.02), more often had previously received h2 blockers or treatment for pneumocystis carinii (p <.05), and had a more frequen ... | 2002 | 12543536 |
| follicular bronchiolitis (fbb) associated with legionella pneumophilia infection. | an 8-month-old girl with respiratory distress and stridor was admitted to the authors' hospital. two days later, she died of respiratory insufficiency due to pneumonia. autopsy confirmed the presence of follicular bronchiolitis (fbb) in both lungs. after considering her clinical course, the authors focused on three pathogens: legionella pneumophilia, pneumocystis carinii, and mycobacterium tuberculosis. only legionella pneumophilia was detected by both immunohistochemistry and pcr. | 2002 | 12537768 |
| regional and temporal changes in aids in europe before haart. | in a prospective observational study 4,485 patients from 46 clinical centres in 17 european countries were followed between april 1994 and november 1996. information on aids-defining events (ades) were collected together with basic demographic data, treatment history and laboratory results. the centres were divided into four geographical regions (north, central, south-west and south-east) so that it was possible to identify any existing regional differences in ades. the regional differences that ... | 2002 | 12558340 |
| ribozyme-catalyzed excision of targeted sequences from within rnas. | we demonstrate that a group i intron-derived ribozyme from the opportunistic pathogen pneumocystis carinii can bind an rna in trans and excise from within it an internal segment, resulting in the splicing of the remaining ends of the rna back together (the trans excision-splicing reaction). the reaction is intramolecular with regard to substrate. the ribozyme targets its substrate by base pairing with two or three noncontiguous regions on the substrate, and the reaction occurs through a nucleoti ... | 2002 | 12484771 |
| rituximab for refractory childhood autoimmune hemolytic anemia. | chronic childhood autoimmune hemolytic anemia is an uncommon disorder that is associated with significant morbidity. treatment with high dose steroids, splenectomy and frequent blood transfusions results in a myriad of complications including growth failure, bone demineralization, cushing's syndrome, immunosuppression, and transfusional hemosiderosis. | 2002 | 12489491 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in a previously healthy infant. | 2002 | 12491228 | |
| prophylaxis against pneumocystis carinii pneumonia for hiv-exposed infants in africa. | 2002 | 12493279 | |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in an untreated hiv-infected patient. | 2002 | 12494907 | |
| bronchiolitis obliterans and lung transplantation: evidence for an infectious etiology. | bronchiolitis obliterans (ob) or bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (bos) remains a major hurdle in the long-term survival of lung transplant recipients. the pathogenesis of ob or bos remains to be fully discerned, but it is hypothesized that allogenic or nonallogenic insults result in the release of chemokines and t lymphocytes propagating the injury and ultimately recruiting fibroblasts culminating in intraluminal proliferation. infectious agents, with or without other exogenous factors, have b ... | 2002 | 12497548 |
| hiv, pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, and pneumothoraces. | 2002 | 12497549 | |
| aetiology and outcome of severe community-acquired pneumonia in children admitted to a paediatric intensive care unit. | to determine the aetiological agents and outcome of severe community-acquired pneumonia (scap) in children admitted to the paediatric intensive care unit (picu) at kalafong hospital, pretoria. | 2002 | 12506595 |
| utility of bronchoalveolar lavage in the diagnosis of pulmonary infections in immunosuppressed patients. | to evaluate the utility of bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) in immunocompromised patients. | 2002 | 12516691 |
| pneumonia due to candida krusei. | a case of post-transplantation pneumonia due to candida krusei is reported. a 42-year-old man was admitted 28 days after heart transplantation with cough, pleuritic pain and fever. a chest computed tomograph showed multiple alveolar infiltrates bilaterally. he received broad-spectrum antibiotics, fluconazole for oral candidiasis, and cotrimoxazole for possible pneumocystis carinii. a short-lived period of improvement was followed by respiratory failure. cultures of bronchial washings grew c. kru ... | 2002 | 12519355 |
| [hiv screening in pregnancy--too many failures?]. | danish official guidelines recommend that women belonging to risk groups should be offered hiv testing during pregnancy. universal hiv testing during antenatal care is not required. we describe three infants with vertically acquired hiv infection born to mothers, who, despite belonging to high-risk groups (one from thailand, two from sub-saharan africa), had not been offered an hiv test during pregnancy. the infants, born within a one-year period, presented with aids-defining symptoms during the ... | 2002 | 12523030 |
| the first isolation of nocardia nova from an hiv-1 infected individual in japan. | nocardia species are opportunistic pathogens of immunocompromised patients. we report a case of nocardia nova infection complicating pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in an hiv-1 infected individual. a 27-year-old man with hemophilia a was admitted on october 17, 2000, with fever and dyspnea. cd4 cell counts were 5/microl on admission. prophylaxis against pcp was administered by inhalation of pentamidine isethionate because he was allergic to sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (smz-tmp). he was di ... | 2002 | 12525899 |
| historical perspective on pneumocystis carinii infection. | 2002 | 12389819 | |
| granulomatous pneumocystis carinii pneumonia complicating hematopoietic cell transplantation. | pneumocystis carinii pneunonia (pcp) is associated with a wide spectrum of clinical and histopathological presentations. while granulomatous pcp uncommonly occurs in aids patients, it is extremely rare in other non-aids immunocompromised patients. we identified three patients who developed granulomatous pcp after bone marrow or blood stem cell transplantation. in all cases, fiberoptic bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage was non-diagnostic, and an open lung biopsy was required for diagnosis. ... | 2002 | 12389999 |
| establishment of rat model for pneumocystis carinii infection and cloning of the surface glycoprotein a gene of pneumocystis carinii. | to establish a rat model for pneumocystis carinii infection and to clone surface glycoprotein a (gpa) gene of pneumocystis carini. | 2002 | 12390704 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in an infant with transient hypogammaglobulinaemia of infancy. | 2002 | 12390932 | |
| diagnosis of diffuse cd8+ lymphocytosis syndrome in hiv-infected patients. | the diffuse infiltrative lymphocytosis syndrome (dils) in hiv-infected persons is characterized by a persistent circulating cd8+ lymphocytosis. certain hiv-infected persons appear to respond to their infection by developing an oligoclonal expansion of cd8+ lymphocytes. these cells infiltrate multiple organs, but the salivary glands and the lung constitute the major sites involved in this process. this infiltrative process resembles in many aspects a sjögren-like syndrome, owing to the visceral l ... | 2002 | 12402804 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in critically ill patients with malignancy: a descriptive study. | there are few data on pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in critically ill human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-negative patients. improved knowledge of the presenting symptoms of and prognostic factors for pcp may help to reduce the high mortality rate associated with pcp in such patients. we retrospectively studied 39 consecutive patients with acute pcp-related respiratory failure and malignancy who were treated at 2 intensive care units (icus) during a 10-year period. univariate logistic regr ... | 2002 | 12355379 |
| presenting syndromes of human immunodeficiency virus. | over the past 2 decades, numerous changes have occurred in the demographics and clinical course of the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection. since the initial reports of mucosal candidiasis, severe weight loss, and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia as presenting manifestations of the late stages of immunodeficiency, clinicians have recognized a wide spectrum of manifestations associated with hiv disease. the original reports of severe immunodeficiency were simply the "tip of the iceberg." a ... | 2002 | 12374253 |
| local delivery of the viral interleukin-10 gene suppresses tissue inflammation in murine pneumocystis carinii infection. | the relationship between tissue inflammation and clearance of the opportunistic pathogen pneumocystis carinii is poorly understood. we asked whether the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (il-10) is released during the host response to infection with p. carinii and whether local delivery of the il-10 gene could suppress tissue inflammatory responses without compromising clearance of infection. control and cd4-depleted mice were inoculated with p. carinii, and at serial intervals after ino ... | 2002 | 12379687 |
| fatal sepsis in an aids patient during therapy for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | the case of a patient with a newly diagnosed hiv infection and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia is presented. despite treatment with high-dose trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (tmp/smx) and prednisone with initial improvement, the patient acutely deteriorated with severe acidosis and died on the 4th day of hospitalization. cryptococcus neoformans grew the next day in broncheoalveolar lavage (bal) and blood culture. as simultaneous presence of more than one opportunistic infection can occur in these p ... | 2002 | 12382094 |
| lung diseases at necropsy in african children dying from respiratory illnesses: a descriptive necropsy study. | accurate information about specific causes of death in african children dying of respiratory illnesses is scarce, and can only be obtained by autopsy. we undertook a study of children who died from respiratory diseases at university teaching hospital, lusaka, zambia. | 2002 | 12383668 |
| ineffectiveness of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole prophylaxis and the importance of bacterial and viral coinfections in african children with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | african human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1)-infected children were evaluated to define the burden of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) and its interaction with bacterial and viral pathogens. p. carinii was identified in 101 (43.7%) of 231 episodes of pneumonia among 185 hiv-1-infected children (median age, 4.5 months; range, 1.7-27.3 months). receipt of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (tmp-smx) prophylaxis was not associated with a significant reduction (36%; 95% confidence interval [ci ... | 2002 | 12384847 |
| meta-analysis of diagnostic procedures for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in hiv-1-infected patients. | sputum induction is a simple and noninvasive procedure for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) diagnosis in human immunodeficiency virus-1-positive patients, although less sensitive than bronchoalveolar lavage (bal). in order to obtain an overview of the diagnostic accuracy of sputum induction, a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies reporting the comparative sensitivity and specificity of bal (the "gold standard") and sputum induction was performed. the odds ratio and related 95% conf ... | 2002 | 12412693 |
| aids-related pneumocystis carinii pneumonia with disappearance of cystic lesions after treatment. | a 21-year-old hemophiliac with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection was admitted to our hospital because of bilateral pneumothoraces associated with pneumocysis carinii pneumonia (pcp). he underwent chest tube drainages and intravenous pentamidine therapy, resulting in clinical improvement. two months after treatment for pcp, cystic lesions that had existed before treatment disappeared on chest computed tomography. we concluded that pneumocystis carinii infection might be associated with ... | 2002 | 12413019 |
| pneumocystis carinii in a patient with hypercalcemia and renal failure secondary to sarcoidosis. | a case of severe dyspnea, hypercalcemia and renal failure secondary to sarcoidosis is reported. the clinical diagnosis of sarcoidosis in a 48-year-old man was confirmed by histology and cytology. transiently decreased numbers of cd4+ t cells (282/microliter) indicated impaired immunity in the absence of hiv-infection during the acute phase of the disease. surprisingly, numerous "trophozoites" of pneumocystis carinii were detected by immunofluorescence staining and pcr in the bronchoalveolar flui ... | 2002 | 12416284 |
| evidence for the requirement of t cell costimulation in the pathogenesis of natural pneumocystis carinii pulmonary infection. | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) is a frequent and serious opportunistic infection in immunocompromized patients. although the pathogenesis of pcp-mediated lung injury is poorly understood, a central involvement of host inflammatory responses has been implicated. we have found that while the loss of specific t cell costimulatory signals increases susceptibility to the spontaneous pneumocystis infection, pcp-induced pulmonary injury (and subsequent morbidity and mortality) involves other inta ... | 2002 | 12473434 |
| [pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients without acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids)]. | the incidence of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) may rise due to a more extensive use of immunosuppressive therapy. information and guidelines in the last decade regarding prevention, diagnosis and treatment of the disease were based upon data collected in patients with acquired immuno deficiency syndrome (aids). however, scientific data regarding risk factors, clinical manifestations and treatment of pcp in patients without aids is accumulating. the major risk factors for acquiring pcp are ... | 2002 | 12476635 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in a patient with stage iv ovarian cancer. | immunocompromised persons are considered to be at risk of developing pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, although the incidence of this condition is much lower compared to the human immunodeficiency virus-positive group. it is important to identify specific individuals at high clinical risk to guide the chemoprophylaxis of p. carinii pneumonia. | 2002 | 12477458 |
| [the diagnostic value of polymerase chain reaction for the detection of pneumocystis carinii dna from induced sputum samples]. | to evaluate the diagnostic value of pcr for detection of pneumocystis carinii dna from induced sputum samples. | 2002 | 12421494 |
| [clinical characteristics and diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids)]. | to explore the clinical characteristics and the diagnostic methods for pcp in patients with aids. | 2002 | 12425833 |
| inhibition by yeast killer toxin-like antibodies of oral streptococci adhesion to tooth surfaces in an ex vivo model. | monoclonal (ktmab) and recombinant (ktscfv) anti-idiotypic antibodies, representing the internal image of a yeast killer toxin, proved to be microbicidal in vitro against important eukaryotic and prokaryotic pathogens such as candida albicans, pneumocystis carinii, mycobacterium tuberculosis, staphylococcus aureus, s. haemolyticus, enterococcus faecalis, e. faecium, and streptococcus pneumoniae, including multidrug-resistant strains. ktmab and ktscfv exerted a strong therapeutic effect in well-e ... | 2002 | 12428062 |
| the role of caspofungin and the echinocandins in the antifungal armamentarium. | the echinocandins are a recently-developed class of antifungal agents that interfere with fungal cell wall synthesis through the inhibition of glucan synthesis. although several intravenous preparations are in various stages of development, caspofungin is the only currently approved agent and no oral echinocandin derivatives are presently available. caspofungin is approved for the treatment of invasive aspergillosis in patients who are refractory to, or intolerant of, other antifungal therapies. ... | 2002 | 12431014 |
| sitamaquine (glaxosmithkline/walter reed army institute). | sitamaquine (wr-6026) is an orally active 8-aminoquinoline analog in development by the walter reed army institute, in collaboration with glaxosmithkline (formerly smithkline beecham), for the potential treatment of visceral leishmaniasis. phase iii trials for the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis had been initiated by march 2002, at which time glaxosmithkline hoped to file an maa in 2003. by 1999, the compound had also undergone phase i trials in hiv-infected individuals for the treatment of ... | 2002 | 12431016 |
| serum immunoglobulin e levels in human immunodeficiency virus-infected children with pneumonia. | elevated serum immunoglobulin e (ige) levels have been reported in association with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection in adults, but there is little information in children. the aim of the present study was to compare serum ige levels in hiv-positive and -negative children hospitalized with pneumonia in south africa and to investigate whether ige may be useful as a marker of specific infections or prognosis in hiv-infected children. history, examination, blood tests, and induced sputu ... | 2002 | 12431191 |
| effect of race and/or ethnicity in use of antiretrovirals and prophylaxis for opportunistic infection: a review of the literature. | the authors performed a systematic and critical review of published studies investigating potential associations between race and/or ethnicity and use of hiv-related medications, including antiretroviral medications and medications used for prophylaxis of opportunistic infections. | 2002 | 12432135 |
| [late infectious complications after high-dose therapy and autologous blood stem cell transplantation]. | only a few data on frequency and character of late infectious complications after high-dose therapy (hdt) and autologous blood stem cell transplantation (asct) have been published. this prospective study was carried out to identify potential predictive factors for late infections (occurring after discharge following hdt) and to clarify the usefulness of prophylactic measures. | 2002 | 12434273 |
| diagnosis of pulmonary pneumocystosis by microscopy on wet mount preparations. | we have compared the searching of the presence of "honeycomb" structures by direct microscopy on wet mount preparations with the direct immunofluorescence (dif) for the diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in 115 bronchoalveolar (bal) fluids. the samples belonged to 115 aids patients; 87 with presumptive diagnosis of pcp and 28 with presumptive diagnosis other than pcp. the obtained results were coincident in 114 out of 115 studied samples (27 were positive and 87 negative) with bot ... | 2002 | 12436169 |
| a standardized protocol for the treatment of severe pneumonia in kidney transplant recipients. | although the incidence of pneumonia after kidney transplantation is the lowest among all solid organ transplants, it is associated with high mortality rate (40-50%). we evaluated the efficacy of a protocol consisting of bronco-alveolar-lavage (bal) for early microbiological diagnosis, reduction of the immunosuppressive therapy, and prompt administration of standardized antibiotic regimen in renal transplant recipients with severe pneumonia. between 6/1989 and 5/1999, 40 kidney transplant recipie ... | 2002 | 12437626 |
| endoscopic diagnosis of biliary pneumocystis carinii. | 2002 | 12447320 | |
| analysis of variation in tandem repeats in the intron of the major surface glycoprotein expression site of the human form of pneumocystis carinii. | variation in the tandem repeats in the expression site of the human-derived pneumocystis carinii major surface glycoprotein gene was characterized by denaturing gel electrophoresis. the number of repeats in 147 isolates ranged from 2 to 6, with 2, 3, and 4 repeats being the most common. sequence analysis identified 3 types of repeat units that differed by 1 nucleotide, which suggests a hierarchy of evolution of human-derived p. carinii. examination of sequential samples obtained from 6 patients ... | 2002 | 12447742 |
| chronic plasma cell pneumonia in a patient with long-standing hiv infection. | chronic bibasilar alveolar infiltrates existed for more than 2 years in a 25-year-old woman infected with hiv for more than a decade. bronchoscopically, there were copious, purulent secretions that grew methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa). transbronchial biopsy specimens demonstrated plasma cell interstitial pneumonia (pcip). focal, transient radiographic improvement occurred after antistaphylococcal antimicrobial therapy. with recurrent and progressive symptoms, sustained clinica ... | 2002 | 12449452 |
| early acquisition of pneumocystis carinii in neonatal rats as evidenced by pcr and oral swabs. | the complete life cycle of pneumocystis carinii has not been defined, but accumulating evidence suggests that the mammalian host may acquire this organism early in life. in the present study, the initial time of p. carinii acquisition was determined in rats by amplification of p. carinii dna in oral swabs from seven sets of pups and dams and from fetal tissue obtained by cesarean section of three gravid female rats. dna extracted from all samples was amplified by using pcr primers directed to th ... | 2002 | 12455989 |
| isolated pleural ptld after cardiac transplantation. | preamble: epstein-barr virus infection (ebv) and immunosuppression promote emergence of posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorders (ptld) in patients undergoing organ transplantation. | 2002 | 12459436 |
| surfactant improves oxygenation in infants and children with pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome. | pneumonia in childhood may be associated with surfactant dysfunction and severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ards). the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of surfactant treatment on oxygenation in 8 infants (age range: 1 mo to 13 y) with severe respiratory failure owing to viral, bacterial or pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | 2002 | 12463314 |
| long-term follow-up of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation after reduced-intensity conditioning in patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia in the chronic phase. | although allogeneic transplantation is a curative therapy for chronic myelogenous leukemia (cml), treatment-related mortality is still a major cause of death after transplantation, especially in older patients. we investigated the safety and efficacy of reduced-intensity conditioning consisting of low-dose (600 cgy) total body irradiation and cytosine arabinoside (1 g/m2) together with a continuous infusion of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and cyclophosphamide (120 mg/kg) in patients wit ... | 2002 | 12095149 |
| sources of disseminated mycobacterium avium infection in aids. | to identify the sources of disseminated mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infection in aids. | 2002 | 12099743 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in a patient on immunosuppressive drugs for pyoderma gangrenosum. | 2002 | 12100210 | |
| elective bone marrow transplantation in a child with x-linked hyper-igm syndrome presenting with acute respiratory distress syndrome. | we describe a 10-month-old boy diagnosed with x-linked hyper-igm syndrome (xhim) after suffering from life-threatening acute respiratory distress syndrome (ards) caused by pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp), although his previous clinical history and first level laboratory tests investigating immunological function did not indicate immunodeficiency. when the patient's overall condition was good, elective bone marrow transplantation from an hla-matched older brother was performed successfully. ... | 2002 | 12105778 |
| [the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases with monoclonal antibodies against tumor necrosis factor: side effects, contraindications and precautions]. | monoclonal antibodies are increasingly used to modulate immunologically mediated diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, crohn's disease, multiple sclerosis and systemic vasculitis. constructs of monoclonal antibodies to tumour necrosis factor (tnf) alpha differ with respect to their structure, effects and immunogenic side effects. clinical experience with tnf alpha-neutralizing therapy has revealed several other side effects over the past few ye ... | 2002 | 12109305 |
| structural studies on bioactive compounds. part 36: design, synthesis and biological evaluation of pyrimethamine-based antifolates against pneumocystis carinii. | as part of a research effort to improve the quality of current chemotherapy of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, we report a structure-based design project to optimise activity, species selectivity and pharmaceutical properties of the triazenyl-pyrimethamine tab (4) (ic(50)=0.17 microm; rat liver dhfr ic(50)/p. carinii dhfr ic(50)=114). this has led us to design, synthesise and evaluate four new series of pyrimethamine derivatives bearing triazole, triazolium, triazinium and amino moieties at the ... | 2002 | 12110323 |
| therapeutic efficacies of gw471552 and gw471558, two new azasordarin derivatives, against pneumocystosis in two immunosuppressed-rat models. | two new azasordarins, gw471552 and gw471558, were studied in vivo for treatment of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. in the wistar rat spontaneous pneumonia model, both azasordarins significantly reduced the number of p. carinii cysts per gram of lung homogenate when administered at 1 mg/kg of body weight twice a day for 10 days. in a nude rat inoculation model, both compounds showed therapeutic efficacy at 0.25 mg/kg twice a day for 10 days. | 2002 | 12121948 |
| [pneumocystis carinii and cytomegalovirus pneumonia after corticosteroid therapy in acute severe alcoholic hepatitis: 2 case reports]. | most cases of infections described after steroid treatment for severe acute alcoholic hepatitis are of bacterial origin. however, the rate of bacterial infections in these patients is not higher than in those who are not treated by steroids. the opportunistic infections are even more rare. we report two cases of patients with cirrhosis and human immunodeficiency virus, treated for alcoholic hepatitis with steroids and who subsequently developed severe pneumopathy due to pneumocystis carinii. one ... | 2002 | 12122370 |
| concurrent modified pcv chemotherapy and radiotherapy in newly diagnosed grade iv astrocytoma. | adjuvant chemotherapy (ct) in the treatment of grade iv astrocytoma is at best modestly effective. the radiosensitizing effect of ct may confer an advantage to concurrent radiotherapy (rt) and ct. this study investigated concurrent procarbazine, lomustine, and vincristine (pcv) ct in newly diagnosed grade iv astrocytoma patients. | 2002 | 12125984 |
| phase ii trial of subcutaneous anti-cd52 monoclonal antibody alemtuzumab (campath-1h) as first-line treatment for patients with b-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (b-cll). | this phase ii study determined the efficacy and safety of alemtuzumab, a humanized anti-cd52 monoclonal antibody, delivered subcutaneously as first-line therapy, over a prolonged treatment period of 18 weeks in 41 patients with symptomatic b-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (b-cll). injections were administered subcutaneously 3 times per week, from week 2 to 3 onward. an overall response rate (or) of 87% (95% ci, 76%-98%; complete remission [cr], 19%; partial remission [pr], 68%) was achieved i ... | 2002 | 12130484 |
| electrocardiogram in pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: can it be used as a prognostic variable? | many prognostic variables have been studied in patients with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). the role of the electrocardiogram in this setting has not been previously evaluated. we analyzed the admission electrocardiogram in patients with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and aids in an attempt to identify electrocardiogram findings that could be associated with adverse clinical outcomes and worse prognostic variables. | 2002 | 12130956 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia after the discontinuation of secondary prophylaxis. | 2002 | 12131226 | |
| pneumocystis carinii carriage in immunocompromised patients with and without human immunodeficiency virus infection. | eighty-one bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) specimens obtained from 26 hiv-infected, 45 non-hiv immunosuppressed and 10 immunocompetent patients with primary pulmonary diseases were analysed for the presence of pneumocystis carinii by staining and by p. carinii 5s rdna determined by pcr. p. carinii was observed by staining of bal specimens from hiv-infected patients significantly more frequently than those from immunocompromised hosts without hiv infection (57.7% versus 20.0%, respectively). p. cari ... | 2002 | 12132780 |
| unusual presentations of primary human immunodeficiency virus infection. | opportunistic infections during primary infection with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) are rare, with the exception of oral and esophageal candidiasis. hiv-associated nephropathy (hivan) and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) typically occur during advanced hiv infection. we report two patients who developed hivan and a presumptive diagnosis of pcp, respectively, during primary hiv infection. serologic testing demonstrated hiv seroconversion. clinicians need to have a high index of suspicio ... | 2002 | 12133260 |
| a double-hand transplant can be worth the effort! | composite-tissue transplantation offers a new therapeutic option for patients with loss of a hand. little is known, however, about the long-term outcome after such a transplant with regard to graft function and immunosuppression and its side effects. we here report on our experience with a double-hand transplant performed more than 18 months ago. | 2002 | 12134104 |
| association of virus load, cd4 cell count, and treatment with clinical progression in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients with very low cd4 cell counts. | this study prospectively assessed the impact of treatment modality, virus load, and cd4 cell count of <50 cells/mm(3) on human immunodeficiency virus disease progression. the incidence rate of new aids disease or death was 54.8 (95% confidence interval, 48.7-59.9) per 100 person-years of follow-up. independent predictors related to progression were latest cd4 cell count (relative risk [rr], 0.84/10 mm(3) higher; p<.0001), latest hemoglobin level (rr, 0.79/g/l higher; p<.0001), pneumocystis carin ... | 2002 | 12134254 |
| aids related opportunistic infections, going but not gone. | it is now more than two decades since the aids epidemic began with a cluster of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in a community of homosexual men. since then, many other infections have been characterized as opportunistic infections secondary to hiv infection. these include, but are not limited to, infections with toxoplasma gondii, cytomegalovirus (cmv), mycobacterium avium complex (mac), and cryptococcus neoformans. over the last two decades, there have been dramatic improvements in diagno ... | 2002 | 12135090 |
| fine analysis of the pneumocystis carinii f. sp. carinii genome by two-dimensional pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. | pneumocystis carinii is a general designation for a group of unusual unicellular fungal parasites responsible of pneumopathy in animal hosts. divided into several subgroups termed the 'special forms', p. carinii is prone to an extensive karyotype variation. in previous studies, the nuclear genome of these organisms has been considered to be haploid and a set of 16 chromosomes has been assigned to p. carinii f. sp. carinii, a special form known to infect rats. we report the analysis of the genome ... | 2002 | 12137946 |
| the relationship of preventable opportunistic infections, hiv-1 rna, and cd4 cell counts to chronic mortality. | both hiv-1 rna and absolute cd4 cell counts have been identified as important predictors of hiv-1 disease progression and mortality. the independent impact of opportunistic infections on the risk of chronic mortality, defined as death beyond 30 days of an opportunistic infection, has not been studied when controlling for hiv-1 rna. our objective was to determine the relationship between a history of any of five preventable opportunistic infections (pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, mycobacterium a ... | 2002 | 12138349 |
| nitric oxide metabolites in the urine of full-term and preterm infants. | in newborn full-term and preterm infants the urine nitrites and nitrates (nox) were measured, in order to investigate the effects of different pathological conditions (infection, hypoxia) on systemic nitric oxide production. | 2002 | 12139559 |
| immune reconstitution pneumonitis following pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in hiv-infected subjects. | an hiv-infected man presented with a pneumonic illness following an episode of treated pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). he had a rise in his cd4 count from 4 to 125 cells/microl on antiretroviral therapy prior to the onset of the second respiratory event. bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) revealed no pathogen, although a cd4 lymphocytosis in addition to a highly unusual population of rapidly proliferating cd8 cells was demonstrated. following 2 weeks of steroid and anti-pneumocystis therapy, a r ... | 2002 | 12139660 |
| the development of cytomegalovirus-induced adrenal failure in a patient with aids while receiving corticosteroid therapy. | we report a case of addisonian crisis due to cytomegalovirus (cmv) adrenalitis occurring in a patient with aids while receiving supraphysiological doses of steroids for the treatment of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. the case highlights the importance of considering the diagnosis of adrenal failure in aids, even in patients receiving supraphysiological doses of steroids. | 2002 | 12139661 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with diamond-blackfan anemia receiving high-dose corticosteroids. | the authors describe three infants with diamond-blackfan anemia receiving corticosteroids who were diagnosed with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. two patients exhibited intermittent neutropenia as well. each child had been receiving relatively high doses of corticosteroids for at least 2 months, and two were having prednisone tapered when pneumonia developed. one child responded to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and pentamidine, but the other two patients died. infants with diamond-blackfan anemi ... | 2002 | 12142794 |
| immune reconstitution syndrome after successful treatment of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in a man with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. | we describe a 34-year-old man with human immunodeficiency virus infection who received successful treatment of minimally symptomatic pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and who subsequently developed diffuse pulmonary infiltrates and hypoxia 2 weeks after initiation of combination antiretroviral therapy. initial pathologic evaluation of lung-tissue samples revealed no organisms, but a polymerase chain reaction assay was strongly positive for p. carinii dna. we hypothesize that this patient's clinical ... | 2002 | 12145736 |
| absence of mutations associated with sulfa resistance in pneumocystis carinii dihydropteroate synthase gene from non-human primates. | the dihydropteroate synthase (dhps) gene from pneumocystis carinii isolated from non-human primates was amplified using a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and sequenced to analyse point mutations associated with sulfa resistance. p. carinii dhps gene amplification was obtained from eight lung samples from five new world primate species and one old world primate species. none of the animals had been exposed to sulfa drugs and only the wild-type p. carinii dhps sequence at codons 55 and 57 was obse ... | 2002 | 12146763 |
| development of a rapid real-time pcr assay for quantitation of pneumocystis carinii f. sp. carinii. | a method for reliable quantification of pneumocystis carinii in research models of p. carinii pneumonia (pcp) that is more convenient and reproducible than microscopic enumeration of organisms would greatly facilitate investigations of this organism. we developed a rapid quantitative touchdown (qtd) pcr assay for detecting p. carinii f. sp. carinii, the subspecies of p. carinii commonly used in research models of pcp. the assay was based on the single-copy dihydrofolate reductase gene and was ab ... | 2002 | 12149363 |
| defining the potential impact of conjugate bacterial polysaccharide-protein vaccines in reducing the burden of pneumonia in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected and -uninfected children. | the evaluation of bacterial conjugate vaccines in preventing pneumonia requires the definition of suitable outcome measures against which their use can be evaluated. one such possible outcome measure is alveolar consolidation confirmed by chest radiograph (cxr). | 2002 | 12150175 |
| intensive care of human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients during the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy. | highly active antiretroviral therapy for human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection has produced significant declines in morbidity and mortality from acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). whether this therapy has resulted in changes in epidemiology and outcomes of intensive care among hiv-infected patients is unknown. we performed chart review of all intensive care unit admissions for hiv-infected patients at san francisco general hospital from 1996 through 1999. there were an average of ... | 2002 | 12153955 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia following a second infusion of infliximab. | 2002 | 12154220 | |
| serum ldh level as a clue to the diagnosis of histoplasmosis. | the purpose of this study was to determine whether serum lactate dehydrogenase (ldh) level could be used as an adjunct clinical marker to differentiate between histoplasmosis and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). in a retrospective, case-controlled study, 30 patients with a diagnosis of histoplasmosis (all but 1 with disseminated disease) were compared with 120 patients with pcp (33 patients with definitive pcp, 87 with presumed pcp). groups were matched for cd4+ lymphocyte counts, sex, and ... | 2002 | 12161854 |
| opportunistic infections associated with hiv infection in africa. | hiv-associated infections in sub-saharan africa differ markedly in their incidence from those in industrialized countries. tuberculosis is the commonest cause of morbidity and mortality. enteric pathogens such as microsporidiosis commonly cause disease as access to safe water is limited. pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, which is the commonest opportunistic infection in industrialized countries, is uncommon in adults with hiv infection. this remains unexplained because p. carinii pneumonia is comm ... | 2002 | 12164665 |
| analysis of underlying diseases and prognosis factors associated with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in immunocompromised hiv-negative patients. | the aim of this retrospective study was to determine the underlying diseases associated with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in immunocompromised hiv-negative patients and to identify prognosis factors in this population. one hundred three cases of pcp were diagnosed over a 5-year period. diagnosis was established on the basis of clinical features and by detection of pneumocystis carinii cysts in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. underlying diseases comprised hematologic malignancies (n=60; 58% ... | 2002 | 12172743 |
| urokinase is required for the formation of mactinin, an alpha-actinin fragment that promotes monocyte/macrophage maturation. | we have previously shown that lysates from hl-60 myeloid leukemia cells or from peripheral blood monocytes are able to degrade alpha-actinin to form a 31-kda amino-terminal fragment with monocyte/macrophage maturation promoting activity. in contrast, intact alpha-actinin, which is a 100-kda actin-binding protein, has no differentiating activity. the aim of this study was to investigate the enzyme responsible for the degradation of alpha-actinin to form this fragment, named mactinin. the ability ... | 2002 | 12183060 |
| development of a yeast assay for rapid screening of inhibitors of human-derived pneumocystis carinii dihydrofolate reductase. | human-derived pneumocystis carinii dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) was expressed in a saccharomyces cerevisiae strain whose growth depends on complementation by this enzyme. we utilized a quantitative assay to measure the sensitivity of this yeast strain to dhfr inhibitors. this assay should be useful for identifying new inhibitors of human-derived p. carinii dhfr. | 2002 | 12183283 |
| increased host resistance against pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in gammadelta t-cell-deficient mice: protective role of gamma interferon and cd8(+) t cells. | although a clear relationship between alphabeta t-cell receptor-positive (alphabeta-tcr(+)) cd4(+) t cells and susceptibility to pneumocystis carinii infection exists, the role of other t-cell subsets is less clearly defined. previous studies have shown that gammadelta-tcr(+) t cells infiltrate into the lung during p. carinii pneumonia. therefore, the present study examined the role of gammadelta-tcr(+) t cells in host defense against p. carinii pneumonia. c57bl/6 (control) and b6.129p2-tcrd(tm1 ... | 2002 | 12183572 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: role of high resolution computed tomography. | pneumocystis carinii (pc) is a common opportunistic infection in renal transplant recipients and requires an early diagnosis for its successful treatment. for its definitive diagnosis pc needs to be demonstrated in bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) fluid. at times bal may not be possible or get delayed. in such conditions typical appearances seen on high resolution ct of the chest help in early diagnosis of pc pneumonia (pcp). this easily performed procedure helped in early diagnosis of pcp in two pa ... | 2002 | 12186137 |
| safe interruption of maintenance therapy against previous infection with four common hiv-associated opportunistic pathogens during potent antiretroviral therapy. | the safety of interrupting maintenance therapy for previous opportunistic infections other than pneumocystis carinii pneumonia among patients with hiv infection who respond to potent antiretroviral therapy has not been well documented. | 2002 | 12186514 |
| elevation of serum kl-6 levels in patients with hematological malignancies associated with cytomegalovirus or pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | the level of serum kl-6 antigen has been reported to be a sensitive indicator of various interstitial pneumonitis, but in patients with hematological malignancies who were accompanied by infective interstitial pneumonitis like pneumocystis carinii or cytomegalovirus (cmv) pneumonia, it is still unknown whether serum kl-6 level is useful as a good marker for the diagnosis or disease activity. in this study, the serum levels of kl-6 and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (sicam-1) were eval ... | 2002 | 12186700 |
| [community-acquired pneumonia--from medical technologist]. | the main causative microorganisms of community-acquired pneumonia are streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, and staphylococcus aureus. especially the causative microorganisms affecting whole body basic disease, persons of advanced age, and alcoholic patients are moraxella catarrhalis, klebsiella pneumoniae, pseudomonas aeruginosa, candida spp., cryptococcus spp., aspergillus spp., pneumocystis carinii and anaerobic bacteria. other microorganisms involved in epidemic disease, action c ... | 2002 | 12187704 |
| comparison of methods for identification of pneumocystis carinii in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. | pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis in one of the most common life-threatening opportunistic infections in patients with aids. the definitive diagnosis of this infection can be established only by demonstration of the organism in clinical specimens. this study was a comparison of methods that provide easy recognition of the organism which is readily available, simple and can be performed rapidly in laboratory-diagnosis. bronchoalveolar lavage fluids obtained from 35 aids patients suspected of havin ... | 2002 | 12188444 |
| clinical features of hiv disease in developing countries. | hiv disease progresses from an asymptomatic period of variable duration, through mild symptoms, to severe disease characteristic of cellular immunodeficiency. the rate of progression from infection to severe disease is probably similar world-wide. however, individuals in developing countries have more symptomatic disease, in keeping with the high incidence of morbidity in the general population, and poor survival with advanced disease. the clinical manifestations of severe hiv-related immunosupp ... | 2002 | 12192976 |
| a new name (pneumocystis jiroveci) for pneumocystis from humans. | the disease known as pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) is a major cause of illness and death in persons with impaired immune systems. while the genus pneumocystis has been known to science for nearly a century, understanding of its members remained rudimentary until dna analysis showed its extensive diversity. pneumocystis organisms from different host species have very different dna sequences, indicating multiple species. in recognition of its genetic and functional distinctness, the organis ... | 2002 | 12194762 |
| serologic responses to epitopes of the major surface glycoprotein of pneumocystis jiroveci differ in human immunodeficiency virus-infected and uninfected persons. | the major surface glycoprotein (msg) of pneumocystis jiroveci (p. jiroveci) is important in the immunopathogenesis of pneumocystis pneumonia (pcp), but is difficult to study in humans. we generated 3 overlapping recombinant msg fragments (msga, msgb and msgc), and analyzed their reactivity with serum samples from 95 healthy blood donors and 94 human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected persons. reactivity to the msg fragments varied with hiv infection and prior episodes of pcp but not with geog ... | 2002 | 12195351 |
| analysis of quinazoline and pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine n9-c10 reversed-bridge antifolates in complex with nadp+ and pneumocystis carinii dihydrofolate reductase. | structural studies of two ternary complexes of pneumocystis carinii dihydrofolate reductase (pcdhfr) with the cofactor nadp(+) and potent antifolates, the n9-c10 reversed-bridge inhibitor 2,4-diamino-6-[n-(2',5'-dimethoxybenzyl)-n-methylamino]quinazoline (1) and its 3',5'-dimethoxypyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine analog (2), were carried out. data for the monoclinic crystals were refined to 1.90 a resolution for the complex with (1) (r = 0.178) and to 2.1 a resolution for the complex with (2) (r = 0.193) ... | 2002 | 12198294 |
| [prognostic factors of mortality during the episode of pneumonia due to pneumocystis carinii in patients with hiv infection]. | despite a steady decrease in its incidence, pneumonia caused by pneumocystis carinii (pcp) are still diagnosed, and they occur frequently in patients unaware of being infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). since it is a disease with a high mortality risk, its early diagnosis and therapy would allow these patients to benefit from the advantages afforded pneumocystis carinii, neumonía, infecciones oportunistas relacionadas con el sida, pronóstico.by anti-retroviral therapy. | 2002 | 12199990 |
| noninvasive ventilation for treating acute respiratory failure in aids patients with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | to compare noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (nppv) vs. invasive mechanical ventilation in aids patients with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp)-related acute respiratory failure (arf). | 2002 | 12209270 |
| nonneutropenic febrile episodes associated with docetaxel-based chemotherapy in patients with solid tumors. | docetaxel is associated with severe lymphopenia and increased incidence of nonneutropenic infection. this study investigated the incidence of nonneutropenic infections and/or febrile episodes in patients with solid tumors receiving frontline docetaxel-based chemotherapy. | 2002 | 12216102 |
| the role of person-to-person transmission in an epidemiologic study of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | recent laboratory studies suggest that may be transmitted from person-to-person. recent exposure to persons with pneumonia (pcp) among hiv-infected persons with and without pcp was assessed to evaluate the person-to-person transmission hypothesis. | 2002 | 12218395 |
| aerosolized pentamidine prophylaxis for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia after allogeneic marrow transplantation. | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) poses a serious risk to allogeneic bone marrow transplant (bmt) patients, who are often intolerant of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (tmp-smx), the traditional first-line prophylactic agents. there are limited published data supporting the use of aerosolized pentamidine (ap) prophylaxis in the bmt population. we assessed the effectiveness of ap in bmt recipients by reviewing the experience at our center. we divided our review into four time periods from januar ... | 2002 | 12220242 |
| the changing pattern of bronchoscopy in an hiv-infected population. | s: little information exists on the impact of antiretroviral therapies (arts) on hiv-related bronchoscopic activity. this study was performed to identify any changes to our pattern of use of bronchoscopy over the last decade, and how this might relate to the introduction of more effective arts to our center in 1996. | 2002 | 12226027 |