Publications

rational design and synthesis of peptide ligands for an anti-carbohydrate antibody and their immunochemical characterization.	molecular mimics of carbohydrates present an alternative source of compounds to target pathways involving protein-carbohydrate interactions. certain peptides act as molecular mimics of carbohydrates in binding to anti-carbohydrate antibodies. a series of potential peptide ligands for the anti-carbohydrate antibody sya/j6, directed against shigella flexneri y, was designed by molecular modeling based on a crystal structure of the antibody complex with a carbohydrate-mimetic peptide. these octapep ...	2003	12538009
molecular epidemiology of the srl pathogenicity island.	the shigella resistance locus (srl), which is carried on the srl pathogenicity island (pai) in shigella flexneri 2a ysh6000, mediates resistance to the antibiotics streptomycin, ampicillin, chloramphenicol, and tetracycline. in the present study, we investigated the distribution and structural variation of the srl and the srl pai in 71 shigella isolates and 28 other enteric pathogens by pcr and southern analysis. the srl and srl-related loci, although absent from the other enteric pathogens eval ...	2003	12543684
analysis of vir protein translocation from agrobacterium tumefaciens using saccharomyces cerevisiae as a model: evidence for transport of a novel effector protein vire3.	agrobacterium tumefaciens causes crown gall disease on a variety of plants. during the infection process agrobacterium transfers a nucleoprotein complex, the vird2 t-complex, and at least two vir proteins, vire2 and virf, into the plant cell via the virb/vird4 type iv secretion system. recently, we found that t-dna could also be transferred from agrobacterium to saccharomyces cerevisiae. here, we describe a novel method to also detect trans-kingdom vir protein transfer from agrobacterium to yeas ...	2003	12560481
helical structure of the needle of the type iii secretion system of shigella flexneri.	gram-negative bacteria commonly interact with animal and plant hosts using type iii secretion systems (ttsss) for translocation of proteins into eukaryotic cells during infection. 10 of the 25 ttss-encoding genes are homologous to components of the bacterial flagellar basal body, which the ttss needle complex morphologically resembles. this indicates a common ancestry, although no ttss sequence homologues for the genes encoding the flagellum are found. we here present an approximately 16-a struc ...	2003	12571230
three-way interactions among the sfh, stpa and h-ns nucleoid-structuring proteins of shigella flexneri 2a strain 2457t.	shigella flexneri 2a strain 2457t has been found to express sfh, a new member of the h-ns-like family of nucleoid-structuring proteins. with h-ns and its paralogue, stpa, this brings to three the number of these proteins expressed in this bacterium. this raises the possibility that three-way interactions may occur in s. flexneri among these proteins and between the proteins and each other's genes. such three-way interactions among h-ns-like proteins have not been described previously. the expres ...	2003	12787365
protective efficacy of oral immunization with heat-killed shigella flexneri 2a in animal model: study of cross protection, immune response and antigenic recognition.	oral immunization of rabbits with four doses of 10(11) heat-killed shigella flexneri 2a showed 100% protection against challenge with virulent s. flexneri 2a. after orally immunizing guinea pigs with four doses of heat-killed s. flexneri 2a 100% protection could be shown against ocular challenge with the same virulent s. flexneri 2a strain but this conferred no protection against challenge with shigella dysenteriae type 1. in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and immunoblot experiments b ...	2003	12798648
identification of ranbmp interacting with shigella flexneri ipac invasin by two-hybrid system of yeast.	bacillary dysentery caused by shigella flexneri is still a threat to human health. of four invasion plasmid antigen proteins (ipaa,b,c and d), ipac plays an important role in the pathogenicity of this pathogen. the purpose of this study was to investigate the proteins interacting with ipac in the host cell during the pathogenic process of this disease.	2003	12800254
the escherichia fergusonii iucabcd iuta genes are located within a larger chromosomal region similar to pathogenicity islands.	three strains of escherichia fergusonii (ef873, ef1496, ef939) of 50 strains tested produced the hydroxamate siderophore aerobactin. screening of a cosmid library of the strain ef873 chromosomal dna (in aerobactin nonproducing escherichia coli vcs257) for aerobactin production identified iucabcd and iuta gene orthologues. the predicted iucabcd and iuta proteins showed 59-65% identity to the corresponding proteins of shigella flexneri and e. coli. aerobactin molecules synthesized by e. fergusonii ...	2003	12800494
decontamination of seeds for seed sprout production by high hydrostatic pressure.	garden cress, sesame, radish, and mustard seeds immersed in water were treated with high pressure (250, 300, 350, and 400 mpa) for 15 min at 20 degrees c. after treatment, percentages of seeds germinating on water agar were recorded for up to 11 days. of the seeds tested, radish seeds were found to be the most pressure sensitive, with seeds treated at 250 mpa reaching 100% germination 9 days later than untreated control seeds did. garden cress seeds, on the other hand, were the most pressure res ...	2003	12800989
in vitro dna-binding properties of virb, the shigella flexneri virulence regulatory protein.	the dna-binding activity of the shigella flexneri virb transcription factor was studied in vitro. the protein was found to bind non-specifically to dna, but showed preferential binding to virb-dependent promoter sequences. dna binding was contingent on the presence of an intact helix-turn-helix motif. while high molecular mass protein-dna complexes were formed in both specific and non-specific interactions with dna, mutant derivatives of virb lacking a leucine zipper domain or a carboxyl-termina ...	2003	12804772
a role for vasp in rhoa-diaphanous signalling to actin dynamics and srf activity.	vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (vasp) is involved in multiple actin-mediated processes, including regulation of serum response factor (srf) activity. we used the srf transcriptional assay to define functional domains in vasp and to show that they coincide with those required for f-actin accumulation, as determined by a quantitative facs assay. we identified inactive vasp mutants that can interfere both with f-actin assembly and with srf activation by wild-type vasp. these vasp mutants als ...	2003	12805219
escherichia albertii sp. nov., a diarrhoeagenic species isolated from stool specimens of bangladeshi children.	the taxonomic position of a group of five d-sorbitol- and lactose-negative enterobacterial isolates recovered from diarrhoeal stools of children at the international centre for diarrhoeal disease research, bangladesh (icddr,b), was investigated by dna-dna hybridization, phenotypic characterization and 16s rdna sequencing. these strains were originally identified as 'hafnia alvei-like' with the api 20e system but, in fact, show more phenotypic and genotypic resemblance to members of the genus esc ...	2003	12807204
the invasive phenotype of shigella flexneri directs a distinct gene expression pattern in the human intestinal epithelial cell line caco-2.	invasion of the human colonic epithelium by shigella flexneri causes inflammation that disrupts the intestinal barrier. invaded intestinal epithelial cells are the major source of mediators recruiting the inflammatory infiltrate. to better characterize the global response of intestinal epithelial cells to shigella invasion, caco-2 cells were infected by an invasive isolate of s. flexneri 5a, and their transcriptome was analyzed by affymetrix (santa clara, ca) microarrays (12,000 genes) and compa ...	2003	12813033
a newborn mouse model for the study of intestinal pathogenesis of shigellosis.	shigella infection is characterized by the induction of acute inflammation, which is responsible for the massive tissue destruction of the intestinal mucosa. a murine model would be a valuable tool for gaining a better understanding of the physiopathology of shigellosis and the host immune response to shigella infection, but adult mice do not develop disease upon oral inoculation. we therefore attempted to develop a model of infection in newborn mice. four-day-old mice inoculated with 50 microl ...	2003	12814438
a salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium translocated leucine-rich repeat effector protein inhibits nf-kappa b-dependent gene expression.	nontyphoidal salmonellae are enteric pathogens that cause acute gastroenteritis and colonize the intestinal tract for prolonged periods. in the intestinal epithelia, these bacteria induce secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-8 (il-8), which leads to a profound inflammatory response through recruitment of polymorphonuclear leukocytes. production of il-8 induced by salmonella spp. is due to the activation of the transcription factors nuclear factor kappa b (nf-kappa b) and a ...	2003	12819095
infectious agent and immune response characteristics of chronic enterocolitis in captive rhesus macaques.	chronic enterocolitis is the leading cause of morbidity in colonies of captive rhesus macaques (macaca mulatta). this study's aim was to identify the common enteric pathogens frequently associated with chronic enterocolitis in normal, immunocompetent rhesus monkeys and to elucidate the influence of this clinical syndrome on the host immune system. we analyzed the fecal specimens from 100 rhesus macaques with or without clinical symptoms of chronic diarrhea. retrospective analysis revealed an inc ...	2003	12819098
molecular epidemiology of shigella in a taiwan township during 1996 to 2000.	a previously identified shigella flexneri serotype 2a strain was responsible for an outbreak of shigellosis in a taiwan township in august 1996. in order to find the relationship between this outbreak strain and subsequent shigella infections in the area, 59, 47, 35, and 20 shigella isolates recovered in 1997, 1998, 1999, and 2000, respectively, were collected and typed by serological and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) techniques. of these 161 isolates, 139 isolates were s. flexneri ser ...	2003	12843047
connexin-dependent inter-cellular communication increases invasion and dissemination of shigella in epithelial cells.	shigella flexneri, the causative agent of bacillar dystentery, invades the colonic mucosa where it elicits an intense inflammatory reaction responsible for destruction of the epithelium. during cell invasion, contact with host cells activates the type-iii secretion of the shigella ipab and ipac proteins. ipab and ipac are inserted into host cell plasma membranes and trigger initial signals that result in actin polymerization, while allowing cytosolic access of other bacterial effectors that furt ...	2003	12844145
the glutamate-dependent acid resistance system of escherichia coli and shigella flexneri is inhibited in vitro by l-trans-pyrrolidine-2,4-dicarboxylic acid.	strains of escherichia coli k-12, o157:h7, and shigella flexneri grown to stationary phase in complex unbuffered media can survive for several hours at ph 2.5. this stationary-phase acid resistance phenotype is dependent upon the alternate sigma factor sigmas and the supplementation of either glutamate or glutamine in the acidified media used for acid challenge. acid resistance under these defined conditions can be inhibited by the glutamate analog l-trans-pyrrolidine-2,4-dicarboxylic acid which ...	2003	12855178
the actin-based motility defect of a shigella flexneri rmld rough lps mutant is not due to loss of icsa polarity.	shigella flexneri requires the outer membrane protein icsa(virg) and lipopolysaccharide (lps) for efficient actin-based motility (abm) within mammalian cells which is essential for virulence. wild type strains of s. flexneri 2a such as 2457t have smooth lps whose o antigen (oag) chains have two modal lengths and icsa predominantly located at one pole on their cell surface. in contrast, rough lps mutants lack oag chains, have icsa on lateral and polar regions of the cell surface, and are defectiv ...	2003	12860454
rickettsial actin-based motility: behavior and involvement of cytoskeletal regulators.	actin-based motility (abm) is employed by spotted fever group (sfg) rickettsiae, such as rickettsia rickettsii, to promote cell-to-cell spread. time-lapse video microscopy revealed that abm is not strictly confined to sfg rickettsiae as typhus group r. typhi moved at approximately the same rate as r. rickettsii (approximately 4 micro m/min), but in a highly erratic fashion. a number of common behaviors were observed between abm of r. typhi and r. rickettsii, such as entrance into plasma membrane ...	2003	12860687
mxik and mxin interact with the spa47 atpase and are required for transit of the needle components mxih and mxii, but not of ipa proteins, through the type iii secretion apparatus of shigella flexneri.	the type iii secretion (tts) pathway is used by numerous gram-negative pathogens to inject virulence factors into eukaryotic cells. the shigella flexneri tts apparatus (ttsa) spans the bacterial envelope and its assembly requires the products of approximately 20 mxi and spa genes. we present a functional analysis of the mxik, mxin and mxil genes. inactivation of mxik and mxin, but not mxil, resulted in the assembly of a non-functional ttsa that lacked the outer needle. the amounts of needle comp ...	2003	12864857
trna-guanine transglycosylase from e. coli: a ping-pong kinetic mechanism is consistent with nucleophilic catalysis.	trna-guanine transglycosylase (tgt) is a key enzyme in the post-transcriptional modification of certain trnas with the pyrrolopyrimidine base queuine. tgt is required for pathogenicity in shigella flexneri, a human pathogen, and therefore is potentially a novel antibacterial target. previous work has indicated that the tgt reaction proceeds through a covalent enzyme-trna complex [biochemistry 40 (2001) 14123]. to further substantiate this mechanism, the determination of the kinetic mechanism for ...	2003	12877882
[alteration of phagocyte functional activity depending on the presence of pr50 plasmid in bacteria].	the relationship between the presence, or the absence, of conjugative plasmid pr50 detected in klebsiella oxytoca 89, in the isogenic pairs of attenuated strains shigella flexneri 2a 516 near and salmonella typhimurium 129 rifr and the regeneration of the active forms of oxygen by mouse peritoneal phagocytizing cells was studied. as indicated by the data obtained in the course of the experiment, plasmids pr50 could influence the chemiluminescent response of phagocytes. the inhibition of the synt ...	2003	12886622
conversion of shigella flexneri serotype 2a to serotype y in a shigellosis patient due to a single amino acid substitution in the protein product of the bacterial glucosyltransferase gtrii gene.	conversion of serotype from 2a to y was demonstrated with five shigella flexneri isolates recovered from an infected patient. when introduced into the serotype y isolate, the glucosyltransferase (gtr) ii gene of the serotype 2a isolate is capable of inducing the conversion from serotype y to 2a. in contrast, the gtrii of the serotype y isolate lacks the capacity to change serotype, resulting from a cys-->tyr substitution in its predicted protein sequence. the protein product of the gtrii gene wa ...	2003	12892893
the phosphatidylinositol (pi)-5-phosphate 4-kinase type ii enzyme controls insulin signaling by regulating pi-3,4,5-trisphosphate degradation.	phosphatidylinositol-5-phosphate (pi-5-p) is a newly identified phosphoinositide with characteristics of a signaling lipid but no known cellular function. pi-5-p levels are controlled by the type ii pi-5-p 4-kinases (pip4k iis), a family of kinases that converts pi-5-p into phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (pi-4,5-p2). the pi-5-p pathway is an alternative route for pi-4,5-p2 synthesis as the bulk of this lipid is generated by the canonical pathway in which phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate ( ...	2003	12897244
shigella flexneri 2a strain 2457t expresses three members of the h-ns-like protein family: characterization of the sfh protein.	shigella flexneri 2a is known to express the h-ns nucleoid-structuring protein and the paralogous protein stpa. using bioinformatic analysis we have now discovered a third member of the h-ns protein family, sfh (shigella flexneri h-ns-like protein), in strain 2457t. this protein is encoded by the sfh gene, which is located on a high-molecular-mass plasmid that is closely related to the self-transmissible plasmid r27. when expressed in escherichia coli, the sfh protein can complement an hns null ...	2003	12898223
identification of the promoter regions and sigma(s)-dependent regulation of the gada and gadbc genes associated with glutamate-dependent acid resistance in shigella flexneri.	resistance to killing by low ph is a common feature of both escherichia coli and shigella flexneri. the most effective e. coli acid resistance system utilizes two isoforms of glutamate decarboxylase encoded by gada and gadb, and a putative glutamate/gamma-amino butyric acid antiporter encoded by gadc. expression of the gad system is dependent upon the alternate sigma factor, sigma(s). we confirm that gada, gadb, and gadc are also all dependent upon sigma(s) for their expression in s. flexneri. - ...	2003	12900035
safety and immunogenicity of shigella sonnei-crm9 and shigella flexneri type 2a-repasucc conjugate vaccines in one- to four-year-old children.	shigella conjugate vaccines have been shown to be safe, immunogenic and efficacious in adult volunteers. we have now investigated the safety and immunogenicity of investigational shigella sonnei and shigella flexneri 2a conjugate vaccines in 1- to 4-year-old children, the age group at greatest risk for shigellosis.	2003	12913770
duplication is more common among laterally transferred genes than among indigenous genes.	recent developments in the understanding of paralogous evolution have prompted a focus not only on obviously advantageous genes, but also on genes that can be considered to have a weak or sporadic impact on the survival of the organism. here we examine the duplicative behavior of a category of genes that can be considered to be mostly transient in the genome, namely laterally transferred genes. using both a compositional method and a gene-tree approach, we identify a number of proposed laterally ...	2003	12914657
the factor c3 conversion in human complement by smooth shigella flexneri lipopolysaccharides.	shigella flexneri rods play an important role in human intestinal infections. in the presented studies we have shown that o-acetyl and glucose residues, substituted in main galnac-rha chains of lipopolysaccharide (lps) are important for the bactericidal effect of human serum. by dot-blot, immunoblotting and elisa with immobilized lps we have shown correlation of c3 fragments deposition and serum resistance. lpss isolated from a serum-sensitive strain deposited more c3 fragments than lpss from se ...	2003	12916727
conformational studies of the o-specific polysaccharide of shigella flexneri 5a and of four related synthetic pentasaccharide fragments using nmr and molecular modeling.	as part of a program for the development of synthetic vaccines against the pathogen shigella flexneri, we used a combination of nmr and molecular modeling methods to study the conformations of the o-specific polysaccharide (o-sp) of s. flexneri 5a and of four related synthetic pentasaccharide fragments. the nmr study, based on the analysis of 1h and 13c chemical shifts, the evaluation of inter-residue distances, and the measurement of one- and three-bond heteronuclear coupling constants, showed ...	2003	12925526
[dysentery in poland in 2001].	the notified number of dysentery cases is still very low, similar to the number reported in 2000. only 128 cases were notified in the year 2001 (incidence 0.33/100,000 population) while 121 cases were notified in 2000 (incidence 0.31/100,000). no death due to dysentery was notified. the last three death cases were notified in 1999. only one outbreak of foodborne infection due to s. sonnei involving 28 patients was registered, less than in 2000 when 2 outbreaks, one due to s. flexneri and one due ...	2003	12926313
ipac of shigella binds to the c-terminal domain of beta-catenin.	ipac of shigella is essential for initial bacterial entry into epithelial cells. we report here that ipac interacts with beta-catenin and destabilizes the cadherin-mediated cell adhesion complex. using a yeast two-hybrid system, we identified beta-catenin as a binding partner of ipac within the host cell after cell entry, but not in the initial entry. co-immunoprecipitation, confocal microscopy, and gst pull-down experiments confirmed the intracellular and cell-free interactions between these tw ...	2003	12927518
survival, growth, and inactivation of acid-stressed shigella flexneri as affected by ph and temperature.	a study was done to determine the survival, growth, and inactivation characteristics of unadapted, acid-adapted, and acid-shocked shigella flexneri 2a cells as affected by ph and temperature. the pathogen was grown at 37 degrees c for 18 h in tryptic soy broth containing no glucose (tsbng) (unadapted cells) and tsbng supplemented with 1% glucose (tsbg) (acid-adapted cells). cells grown in tsbng were acid-shocked by adjusting 18-h cultures to ph 4.5+/-0.05 with lactic acid. all three cell types w ...	2003	12927715
a two-dimensional proteome map of shigella flexneri.	shigella flexneri is a gram-negative facultatively intracellular pathogen responsible for bacillary dysentery in humans. in this study, extracellular proteins from the culture medium and whole cell proteins in cellular extracts of s. flexneri 2a strain 2457t were examined by two-dimensional (2-d) gel electrophoresis using immobilized ph gradient (ipg) technology. proteins were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-mass spectrometry (maldi-ms) in combination with mascot search ...	2003	12929182
shigella-induced necrosis and apoptosis of u937 cells and j774 macrophages.	it is currently unclear whether shigella kills its phagocytic host cells by apoptosis or necrosis. this study shows that rapid necrosis ensues in macrophage-like cell lines (u937 cells differentiated by all-trans-retinoic acid and j774 cells) infected with the shigella flexneri strain ysh6000. the infected cells rapidly lose membrane integrity, a typical feature of necrosis, as indicated by the release of the cytoplasmic lactate dehydrogenase and the exposure of phosphatidylserine (ps) associate ...	2003	12949176
comparative study of three different dna fingerprint techniques for molecular typing of shigella flexneri strains isolated in romania.	in this study, 97 epidemiologically unrelated shigella flexneri strains isolated during 1994 (69 isolates) and 1997 (28 isolates) were characterised by ribotyping, enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus sequence-based pcr typing, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. number of strains belonging to each of the six serotypes is selected equal to their distribution in romania. the isolates comprise 24 ribotypes based on combination of two restriction patterns obtained with hindlii and psti ...	2003	12952147
[effect of a polyoxydonium immunoregulator on the biological properties of microorganisms].	the effect of the synthetic immunomodulator polyoxydonium (po) on some biological properties of pathogenic bacteria (shigella flexneri, salmonella enteritidis), opportunistic bacteria (klebsiella pneumoniae, escherichia coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa, staphylococcus aureus, bacteroides fragilis, peptostreptococcus anaerobius, prevotella melaninogenica, propionibacterium propionicum, clostridium difficile) and fungi (candida albicans), isolated during enteric infections, enteric dysbiosis, pyoinfla ...	2003	12966885
phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of polyhydroxy compounds by class a bacterial acid phosphatases.	nonspecific acid phosphatases share a conserved active site with mammalian glucose-6-phosphatases (g6pase). in this work we examined the kinetics of the phosphorylation of glucose and dephosphorylation of glucose-6-phosphate (g6p) catalysed by the acid phosphatases from shigella flexneri (phon-sf) and salmonella enterica (phon-se). phon-sf is able to phosphorylate glucose regiospecifically to g6p, glucose-1-phosphate is not formed. the k(m) for glucose using pyrophosphate (ppi) as a phosphate do ...	2003	12968332
identification of substrates and chaperone from the yersinia enterocolitica 1b ysa type iii secretion system.	all pathogenic yersinia enterocolitica strains carry the pyv plasmid encoding the ysc-yop type iii secretion (tts) system, which operates at 37 degrees c. in addition, biovar 1b y. enterocolitica strains possess a second, chromosomally encoded, tts system called ysa, which operates, at least in vitro, under low-temperature and high-salt (lths) conditions. six open reading frames, sycb, yspb, yspc, yspd, yspa, and acpy, neighbor the ysa genes encoding the ysa tts apparatus. here we show that yspa ...	2003	12496172
structure-function analysis of invasion plasmid antigen c (ipac) from shigella flexneri.	shigella flexneri causes a self-limiting gastroenteritis in humans, characterized by severe localized inflammation and ulceration of the colonic mucosa. shigellosis most often targets young children in underdeveloped countries. invasion plasmid antigen c (ipac) has been identified as the primary effector protein for shigella invasion of epithelial cells. although an initial model of ipac function has been developed, no detailed structural information is available that could assist in a better un ...	2003	12427760
resection of a massive arteriovenous malformation of the head and neck.	we report a patient with a massive arteriovenous malformation of the head and neck treated by surgical extirpation of the lesion. arteriography, hypotensive hypothermic anesthesia, and the intraoperative use of the doppler flowmeter were most helpful in this case.	2003	154679
chromate dermatitis from a boiler lining.	chromate dermatitis is described in a mechanical fitter working inside boiler combustion chambers. a source of hexavalent chromate is traced to the action of the heat and alkaline fuel ash on trivalent chrome ore in parts of the refractory lining. removal of the patient from this contact has resulted in almost complete clearing of his dermatitis, without any relapse, during a 9-month follow-up period.	2003	145337
reciprocal effects of camp and cgmp on microtubule-dependent release of lysosomal enzymes.		2003	167641
[dupuytren's disease: remarks on the "open-palm" technic].		2003	262111
drw antisera react with activated t cells.	nylon wool-purified t cells appear to be nonreactive in a lymphocytotoxicity assay with hla-drw antisera and complement before cell activation. however, after activation in mixed lymphocyte culture, responder cells express determinants that are strongly reactive with drw alloantisera after 6 days and gradually disappear by 16 to 18 days. restimulation of the primed cells resulted in re-expression of the blast determinants. mitogenic stimulation with con a or purified pha (ha-17) also resulted in ...	2003	156220
[benjamin lipschütz (1878-1931) and his significance in dermatology (dermatovirology)].	the present study elaborates on the person of benjamin lipschütz, the jewish-austrian dermatologist and microbiologist (virologist). his voluminous scientific oeuvre is appreciated, particularly with regard to his role as a pathfinder for the newly developing field of dermatovirology.	2003	3525464
[benjamin lipschütz (1878-1931) and his significance in dermatology (dermatovirology)].	the present study elaborates on the person of benjamin lipschütz, the jewish-austrian dermatologist and microbiologist (virologist). his voluminous scientific oeuvre is appreciated, particularly with regard to his role as a pathfinder for the newly developing field of dermatovirology.	2003	3525464
[fate of a lavsan strip used for stenosing the small intestine].		2003	142861
complete dna sequence and gene analysis of the virulence plasmid pcp301 of shigella flexneri 2a.	the complete nucleotide sequence and organization of the large virulence plasmid pcp301 (termed by us) of shigella flexneri 2a strain 301 were determined and analyzed. the result showed that the entire dna sequence of pcp301 is composed of 221618 bp which form a circular plasmid. sequence analysis identified 272 open reading frames (orfs), among which, 194 correspond to the proteins described previously, 61 have low identity (<60%) to known proteins and the rest 17 have no regions of significant ...	2003	19448991
[sequence analysis of bacterial transposon in nhx gene of populus euphratica].	the united nations environment program estimates that approximately 20% of agricultural land and 50% of cropland in the world is salt-stressed. the gene nhx (na+/h+ exchanger) encodes functional protein that catalyzes the countertransport of na+ and h+ across membranes and may play an important role in plant salt tolerance. to clone the nhx from the wild plant populus euphratica collected in tarim basin and xinjiang wujiaqu district into a t-vector, designed primer was used to amplify 1kb nhx cd ...	2003	15969097
[study on gene knockout using red system in shigella flexneri].	the technology of gene knockout using lambda red system in bacteria has been developed lately, but its application being limited to esherichia coli. in order to get some experiences in other bacteria we select four genes, including alka, wcaj, yphf and dam, to test gene knockout using red system in e. coli and shigella. as a result, three genes were successfully knocked out in e. coli except dam while only alka gene was knocked out in shigella. it showed that the red system should be improved if ...	2003	16276895
[cloning of ipab gene from shigella flexneri and its expression in yeast cell].	ipab gene amplified from s. flexneri 2a by pcr was cloned into pgbkt7 vector (named pgbkt-ipab) and sequencing indicated that the amino encoded by the cloned gene was the same as the reported; the recombination plasmid pgbkt-ipab was transformed into the yeast strain ah109, in which the fusion expression of ipab was analyzed with sds-page and western blotting. this provided the basis for screening the interacting protein with ipab by two hybrid system and understanding the function of ipab in th ...	2003	16279212
antibacterial effects of carica papaya fruit on common wound organisms.	the purpose of the study was to investigate antibacterial activity of ripe and unripe carica papaya on selected micro-organisms. cultures of micro-organisms were routinely maintained in nutrient agar slants at 4 degrees c. extracts of immature, mature and ripe carica papaya fruit were obtained by separately grinding factions of the epicarp, endocarp and seeds and filtering them through gauze. sensitivity tests were conducted by adding 0.06 ml of extract to agar wells (6 mm diameter) prepared fro ...	2003	15040064
cadc is the preferential target of a convergent evolution driving enteroinvasive escherichia coli toward a lysine decarboxylase-defective phenotype.	enteroinvasive e. coli (eiec), like shigella, is the etiological agent of bacillary dysentery, a particularly severe syndrome in children in developing countries. all eiec strains share with shigella the inability to synthesize lysine decarboxylase (the ldc phenotype). the lack of this function is considered a pathoadaptive mutation whose emergence was necessary to obtain the full expression of invasiveness. cadaverine, the product of lysine decarboxylation, is a small polyamine which interferes ...	2003	14500464
icsa, a polarly localized autotransporter with an atypical signal peptide, uses the sec apparatus for secretion, although the sec apparatus is circumferentially distributed.	asymmetric localization of proteins is essential to many biological functions of bacteria. shigella icsa, an outer membrane protein, is localized to the old pole of the bacillus, where it mediates assembly of a polarized actin tail during infection of mammalian cells. actin tail assembly provides the propulsive force for intracellular movement and intercellular dissemination. localization of icsa to the pole is independent of the amino-terminal signal peptide (charles, m., perez, m., kobil, j.h. ...	2003	14507362
[integrons and antimicrobial resistance gene cassettes in shigella flexneri strains ].	the resistance of shigella flexneri to antimicrobial agents can be associated to the presence of integrons that may contain and express antimicrobial resistance gene cassettes.	2003	14513692
[intercontinental spread of a trimethoprim-resistant strain of shigella flexneri].	in this study we characterize a trimethoprim-resistant strain of shigella flexneri recovered from stool samples of an international traveler after a trip to kenya, and analyze its epidemiological relationship with a set of strains having similar characteristics from tanzania.	2003	14525704
the shia protein encoded by the shigella flexneri shi-2 pathogenicity island attenuates inflammation.	shigella spp. are the aetiologic agents of dysentery, a severe diarrhoeal syndrome characterized by acute inflammation in the colon. the inflammatory response, which includes recruitment of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (pmn), damages the colonic mucosa and exacerbates the infection. shigella encodes a pathogenicity island (pai), shi-2, which is localized in a region of the chromosome linked to the induction of inflammation. surprisingly, shi-2 deletion mutants induce a stronger inflammatory resp ...	2003	14531895
abl tyrosine kinases are required for infection by shigella flexneri.	infection by the opportunistic bacterial pathogen shigella flexneri stimulates tyrosine phosphorylation of host cell proteins, but the kinases involved and their effects on the regulation of cell signaling pathways during bacterial entry remain largely undefined. here, we demonstrate a requirement for the abl family of tyrosine kinases during shigella internalization. family members abl and arg are catalytically activated upon shigella infection, accumulate at the site of bacterial entry, and ar ...	2003	14532119
antimicrobial activity of some 2- and 3-pyridinyl-1h-benzimidazoles and their feiii, cuii, znii, and agi complexes.	2-(2-pyridinyl)- (li), 2-(6-methyl-2-pyridinyl)- (lii), 2-(6-methyl-2-pyridinyl)-5-methyl-(liii), 2-(3-pyridinyl)- (liv), 2-(3-pyridinyl)-5-methyl-1h-benzimidazoles (lv) and their complexes with fe(no3)3, cu(no3)2, zn(no3)2, and agno3 were synthesized and antibacterial activity of the compounds was tested toward staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus epidermidis, escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, pseudomonas aeruginosa, salmonella typhi, shigella flexneri, proteus mirabilis and antifungal ...	2003	14533478
species distribution and antibiotic resistance of shigella isolates in an urban community in malaysia.	there is an increasing trend for shigella isolates worldwide to be resistant to commonly prescribed antibiotics. the species distribution and antibiotic resistance of shigella species isolated from children in kuala lumpur, malaysia from 1978 to 1997 was reviewed. three hundred and eighty six isolates were positive for shigella species, representing 1.4% (95% ci: 1.3%-1.6%) of the 26320 total stool specimens and 13% (95% ci: 11.8%-14.2%) of 2986 isolates positive for bacterial pathogens. shigell ...	2003	14569747
comparison of two major forms of the shigella virulence plasmid pinv: positive selection is a major force driving the divergence.	all shigella and enteroinvasive escherichia coli (eiec) strains carry a 230-kb virulence plasmid (pinv) which is essential for their invasiveness. there are two sequence forms, pinv a and pinv b, of the plasmid (r. lan, b. lumb, d. ryan, and p. r. reeves, infect. immun. 69:6303-6309, 2001), and the recently sequenced pinv plasmid from shigella flexneri serotype 5 is a pinv b form. in this study we sequenced the majority of the coding region of the pinv a form from s. flexneri serotype 6 other th ...	2003	14573649
mycobacterium marinum escapes from phagosomes and is propelled by actin-based motility.	mycobacteria are responsible for a number of human and animal diseases and are classical intracellular pathogens, living inside macrophages rather than as free-living organisms during infection. numerous intracellular pathogens, including listeria monocytogenes, shigella flexneri, and rickettsia rickettsii, exploit the host cytoskeleton by using actin-based motility for cell to cell spread during infection. here we show that mycobacterium marinum, a natural pathogen of fish and frogs and an occa ...	2003	14597736
fitness cost of the green fluorescent protein in gastrointestinal bacteria.	there are surprisingly few studies that have successfully used the green fluorescent protein (gfp) as a quantitative reporter in selection experiments screening for inducible bacterial promoters. one explanation is that gfp expression may confer a fitness cost for bacteria. to test this possibility, we monitored the doubling time in enteric bacteria expressing gfp. four bacterial species, escherichia coli, enterohaemorrhagic e. coli, shigella flexneri, salmonella typhi, and vibrio cholerae, were ...	2003	14608419
shigella flexneri sepsis in an infant.	shigellosis continues to be an important public health problem in developed countries, since communication in the world village has become more frequent. in addition, this disease is difficult to be prevented because only a small number of bacteria are required to cause infection, and it has exhibited steady trends towards multiple drug resistance. this report describes a 7-month-old female infant with shigella flexneri sepsis presenting initially with a high fever, watery diarrhea, and dehydrat ...	2003	14609044
[co-expression of cfa/i and cs6 of enterotoxigenic escherichia coli ( etec ) in shigella flexneri 2a t32 derivative strain fwl01].	among the known colonization factors of enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec), cfa/i and cs6 (the common antigen in the cfa/iv fimbrial antigens ) are two of the most prevalent fimbriae found in clinical isolates but are never expressed by the same wild-type strains. in this study, cfa/i and cs6 of etec were co-expressed in shigella flexneri 2a t32 derivative strain fwl01 by using a host-plasmid lethal balancing system based on asd gene. the results indicate that the recombinant plasmid carryi ...	2003	14614538
cold shock induction of rnase r and its role in the maturation of the quality control mediator ssra/tmrna.	in this paper we show that rnase r is a cold shock protein that is induced seven- to eightfold by cold shock and that its expression is tightly regulated by temperature. transcriptional studies reveal that the rnr gene is co-transcribed with flanking genes as an operon induced under cold shock. the induction of rnase r levels is mainly a result of the stabilization of the rnr transcripts. the transient stability of the rnr transcripts is shown to be regulated by pnpase at the end of the acclimat ...	2003	14622421
analysis of virulence and inflammatory potential of shigella flexneri purine biosynthesis mutants.	several shigella flexneri mutants with defects in aromatic amino acid and/or purine biosynthesis have been evaluated as vaccines in humans or in animal models. to be suitable as a vaccine, a mutant has to show virulence attenuation, minimal reactogenicity, and a good immunogenic potential in animal models. with this aim, we have constructed five s. flexneri 5 (wild-type strain m90t) mutants with inactivation of one or two of the loci purek, purhd, and guaba, governing early or late steps of puri ...	2003	14638790
characterization of an extracellular virulence factor made by group a streptococcus with homology to the listeria monocytogenes internalin family of proteins.	leucine-rich repeats (lrr) characterize a diverse array of proteins and function to provide a versatile framework for protein-protein interactions. importantly, each of the bacterial lrr proteins that have been well described, including those of listeria monocytogenes, yersinia pestis, and shigella flexneri, have been implicated in virulence. here we describe an 87.4-kda group a streptococcus (gas) protein (designated slr, for streptococcal leucine-rich) containing 10 1/2 sequential units of a 2 ...	2003	14638794
epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of acute diarrhea with emphasis on entamoeba histolytica infections in preschool children in an urban slum of dhaka, bangladesh.	the epidemiology, clinical features, nutritional status, and causative agents of diarrhea were studied in 289 bangladeshi children (147 boys and 142 girls) 2-5 years old. the use of improved diagnostic tests for amebiasis enabled for the first time analysis of the contribution of entamoeba histolytica to total diarrheal illness in this community setting. the average incidence rate of diarrhea was 1.8/child-year, and the average number of diarrheal days was 3.7 days/child-year over an average obs ...	2003	14640500
identification and characterization of simple sequence repeats in the genomes of shigella species.	a variety of simple sequence repeats (ssrs) have been identified in the genome of shigella flexneri serotype 2a (strain sf301), an enteric pathogen that causes bacillary dysentery in man. the distribution of ssrs, with unit length ranging from 1 to 9 nucleotides, was biased in different regions of the genome. the tri-, tetra- and hexanucleotide ssrs prevailed in the coding regions while the mono- and dinucleotide ssrs were more common in the noncoding regions. many intergenic ssrs are less than ...	2003	14644500
structural basis of peptide-carbohydrate mimicry in an antibody-combining site.	the structure of a complex between the fab fragment of the antibody (sya/j6) specific for the cell surface o-antigen polysaccharide of the pathogen shigella flexneri y and an octapeptide (met-asp-trp-asn-met-his-ala-ala), a functional mimic of the o-antigen, has been determined at 1.8-a resolution. comparison of the structure with that of the complex with the pentasaccharide antigen [-->2)-alpha-l-rha-(1-->2)-alpha-l-rha-(1-->3)-alpha-l-rha-(1-->3)-beta-d-glcnac-(1-->2)-alpha-l-rha-(1-->] reveal ...	2003	14645714
identification of alka gene related to virulence of shigella flexneri 2a by mutational analysis.	in vivo induced genes are thought to play an important role during infection of host. alka was identified as an in vivo-induced gene by in vivo expression technology (ivet), but its virulence in shigella flexneri was not reported. the purpose of this study was to identify the role of alka gene in the pathogenesis of s. flexneri.	2003	14669321
multiple drug resistant strains of shigella isolated in jos, central nigeria.	the objective of this study is to highlight the alarming rise in antimicrobial resistance among shigella species in jos, plateau state. stool samples of eight hundred and ten patients who presented at the jos university teaching hospital with diarrhoea/dysentery were analysed using standard bacteriological techniques. the antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates were determined. 25 shigella species were isolated representing 3.1% isolation rate. the male to female ratio is 1.3:1, children ag ...	2003	14692056
synergistic action of photosensitizers and normal human serum in a bactericidal process. i. effect of chlorophylls.	susceptibility of some gram-negative strains against the bactericidal action of normal human serum (nhs) and of chlorophyll, which induces production of reactive oxygen species by light, was studied. a synergistic bactericidal activity of nhs and chlorophyll against e. coli k1 and shigella flexneri strains was observed.	2003	15095924
diagnosis and management of angina pectoris.		2003	187369
standardization of parameters in follow-up study after mitral commissurotomy.	two-hundred and fifty-five patients were followed up to maximum 19 years (1879 patient-years) after mitral commissurotomy by means of either the finger fracture, transventricular dilator or open method. during this period of time, patients were asked to answer a questionnaire and to be examined at 2 to 3 years intervals. twenty-two late deaths and 17 reoperations were encountered, and significant differences according to operative methods were observed in the survival and reoperation-free curves ...	2003	155700
mouth-controlled devices to assist the handicapped.		2003	161985
education in preventive pediatric dentistry.		2003	155704
study of the kinetics of conversion of maternal plasma dehydroisoandrosterone sulfate to 16 alpha-hydroxydehydroisoandrosterone sulfate, estradiol, and estriol.	the transfer constants of conversion of maternal plasma dehydroisoandrosterone sulfate to estradiol ([rho]ds-e2bu) and to 16alphaoh-dehydroisoandrosterone sulfate ([rho]ds-160hds bu) and of maternal plasma 16alphaoh-dehydroisoandrosterone sulfate to estriol ([rho]160hds-e3 bu) were measured in women late in pregnancy. the mean [rho]160hds-e3 bu, 0.17, was considerably less than the mean [rho]ds-e2 bu, 0.29. however, the extent of 16alpha-hydroxylation of maternal plasma dehydroisoandrosterone su ...	2003	152062
[pharmacotherapy of progressive polyarthritis].		2003	201098
[cholesterol concentration in beta and pre-beta-liporotein fractions in serum samples from women in normal pregnancy, labor and puerperium].		2003	166024
[heterotopic pancreas. report of 8 new cases (author's transl)].	the authors report 8 new cases of heterotopic pancreas and the clinical signs of each case. the emphasise the difficulties of preoperative diagnosis owing to their usually small size and the necessity of surgical treatment justified by the same lesions which affect the normally placed pancreas including cancer.	2003	317290
dangers and interactions between drugs used in conjunction with anaesthesia.		2003	262470
[organization and education of an activist health team and its work in controlling contagious skin diseases in rural district].		2003	152022
letter: the accumulation of 99tcm antimony sulphide in a kidney affected by malignant disease--a case report.		2003	1125542
[fructose and dental caries].		2003	151305
[massive dose methotrexate with citrovorum factor rescue: mtx-pharmacokinetics, excretion pattern, and techniques for safety administration (author's transl)].		2003	317293
[protein concentrations in the ejaculate of patients with chronic prostatitis].	in 158 patients suffering from chronic prostatitis and 23 healthy men seminal fluid concentrations of igg, iga, c3c, coeruloplasmin, alpha-1-antitrypsin and alpha-1-glycoprotein were determined by immunodiffusion. concentration of igg is closely correlated to leucocyte counts, that of igg, c3c, and coeruloplasmin to erythrocyte counts. c3c, coeruloplasmin, alapha-1-glycoprotein and alpha-1-antitrypsin are further correlated to sperm counts. igg and c3c concentrations are related to pathogenetic ...	2003	309878
an unusually large ameloblastoma.		2003	296204
[epidemiologic surveillance].		2003	262705
[new method of perfusion in lesions of the flexor tendons of the hand].		2003	262112
informed consent considerations.		2003	270082
barbara's resuscitation dilemma.		2003	254301
circular dichroic properties and conformation of thionicotinamide dinucleotides.	the spectroscopic properties of the 3-thioamide analogues of coenzymes nad and nadh (snad and snadh) have been investigated in order to obtain information about their conformational properties. in particular, ultraviolet absorption and circular dichroism properties of solutions in phosphate buffer ph 7 and ethanol were studied. also equimolar mixtures of amp and snmn(h), obtained by cleaving the coenzymes with phosphodiesterase, were investigated using the same solvents. the appearance of a coup ...	2003	204482
an anatomicopathological approach to the study of articular aging.	bone and joint aging results from the combined action of various metabolic and mechanical factors. osteoarticular aging produces primary changes in bone (intrinsic rarefaction, but also extrinsic osteogenesis), cartilage, synovial membrane, and tendon. the association of these primary changes can result basically in three anatomicopathological entities: hyperostosis and osteophytes at tendon insertions, senile remodeling, and osteoarthritic remodeling. some of these entities are asymptomatic. ot ...	2003	182625
nonchromaffin paraganglioma (chemodectoma) of thyroid region.	a case of a paraganglioma located over the thyroid cartilage in the midline is reported. the tumor had all the appearances of a carotid body tumor, but its odd location could not be explained on the basis of previously known areas where paraganglionic tissues have been found. since a paraganglioma has also hitherto been described within the thyroid gland, clinicians and pathologists alike are cautioned that unusually located paragangliomas may be expected in the future.	2003	168958
receptive fields of cerebellar cells receiving exteroceptive input in a gymnotid fish.	single neurons in the caudal lobe of the cerebellum of the weakly electric fish apteronotus albifrons respond to distortions in the normal electric field produced by the animal. moving plastic or metal objects as well as a simpler stimulus, a moving electrical dipole, produce adequate distortions of the fish's field to cause the cerebellar cells to respond. the moving dipole stimulated small enough areas of the fish's skin, as determined by the responses of single electroreceptors, to allow maps ...	2003	165269