Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| type i ifn-inducible downregulation of microrna-27a feedback inhibits antiviral innate response by upregulating siglec1/trim27. | upon recognition of viral components by pattern recognition receptors, including tlrs and retinoic acid-inducible gene i-like helicases, cells are activated to produce type i ifn, which plays key roles in host antiviral innate immune response. however, excessive ifn production may induce immune disorders, and the mechanisms responsible for the regulation of type i ifn production have attracted much attention. furthermore, type i ifn activates the downstream ifn/jak/stat pathway to modulate expre ... | 2016 | 26700765 |
| phenotypic lentivirus screens to identify functional single domain antibodies. | manipulation of proteins is key in assessing their in vivo function. although genetic ablation is straightforward, reversible and specific perturbation of protein function remains a challenge. single domain antibody fragments, such as camelid-derived vhhs, can serve as inhibitors or activators of intracellular protein function, but functional testing of identified vhhs is laborious. to address this challenge, we have developed a lentiviral screening approach to identify vhhs that elicit a phenot ... | 2016 | 27573105 |
| partial protection against porcine influenza a virus by a hemagglutinin-expressing virus replicon particle vaccine in the absence of neutralizing antibodies. | this work was initiated by previous reports demonstrating that mismatched influenza a virus (iav) vaccines can induce enhanced disease, probably mediated by antibodies. our aim was, therefore, to investigate if a vaccine inducing opsonizing but not neutralizing antibodies against the hemagglutinin (ha) of a selected heterologous challenge virus would enhance disease or induce protective immune responses in the pig model. to this end, we immunized pigs with either whole inactivated virus (wiv)-va ... | 2016 | 27446083 |
| carma3 is a host factor regulating the balance of inflammatory and antiviral responses against viral infection. | host response to rna virus infection is sensed by rna sensors such as rig-i, which induces mavs-mediated nf-κb and irf3 activation to promote inflammatory and antiviral responses, respectively. here, we have found that carma3, a scaffold protein previously shown to mediate nf-κb activation induced by gpcr and egfr, positively regulates mavs-induced nf-κb activation. however, our data suggest that carma3 sequesters mavs from forming high-molecular-weight aggregates, thereby suppressing tbk1/irf3 ... | 2016 | 26947079 |
| adhesion- and degranulation-promoting adapter protein promotes cd8 t cell differentiation and resident memory formation and function during an acute infection. | during acute infections, naive ag-specific cd8 t cells are activated and differentiate into effector t cells, most of which undergo contraction after pathogen clearance. a small population of cd8 t cells persists as memory to protect against future infections. we investigated the role of adhesion- and degranulation-promoting adapter protein (adap) in promoting cd8 t cell responses to a systemic infection. naive ag-specific cd8 t cells lacking adap exhibited a modest expansion defect early after ... | 2016 | 27521337 |
| xcr1+ dendritic cells promote memory cd8+ t cell recall upon secondary infections with listeria monocytogenes or certain viruses. | naive cd8(+) t cell priming during tumor development or many primary infections requires cross-presentation by xcr1(+) dendritic cells (dcs). memory cd8(+) t lymphocytes (mctls) harbor a lower activation threshold as compared with naive cells. however, whether their recall responses depend on xcr1(+) dcs is unknown. by using a new mouse model allowing fluorescent tracking and conditional depletion of xcr1(+) dcs, we demonstrate a differential requirement of these cells for mctl recall during sec ... | 2016 | 26694969 |
| application of interferon modulators to overcome partial resistance of human ovarian cancers to vsv-gp oncolytic viral therapy. | previously, we described an oncolytic vesicular stomatitis virus variant pseudotyped with the nonneurotropic glycoprotein of the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, vsv-gp, which was highly effective in glioblastoma. here, we tested its potency for the treatment of ovarian cancer, a leading cause of death from gynecological malignancies. effective oncolytic activity of vsv-gp could be demonstrated in ovarian cancer cell lines and xenografts in mice; however, remission was temporary in most mice. ... | 2016 | 27738655 |
| too much of a good thing: sustained type 1 interferon signaling limits humoral responses to secondary viral infection. | the induction of a pan-immunosuppressive state is a central feature of persistent viral infections. over the past decade, multiple pathways have been identified that contribute to immune suppression. recently, it was revealed that aberrant or sustained type 1 interferon (ifn-i) production or signaling is a central contributor to immune suppression elicited during persistent viral infection. in this issue, honke et al. [eur. j. immunol. 2016. 46: 372-380] identify that ifn-i signaling promotes an ... | 2016 | 26783074 |
| immunoactivation induced by chronic viral infection inhibits viral replication and drives immunosuppression through sustained ifn-i responses. | acute or chronic viral infections can lead to generalized immunosuppression. several mechanisms, such as immunopathology of cd8(+) t cells, inhibitory receptors, or regulatory t (treg) cells, contribute to immune dysfunction. moreover, patients with chronic viral infections usually do not respond to vaccination, a finding that has not been previously explained. recently, we reported that cd169(+) macrophages enforce viral replication, which is essential for guaranteeing antigen synthesis and eff ... | 2016 | 26507703 |
| fusion of foreign t-cell epitopes and addition of tlr agonists enhance immunity against neospora caninum profilin in cattle. | we demonstrated recently that immunization with recombinant neospora caninum profilin (rncpro) induces limited protection and a regulatory t-cell response in mice. the aim of this study was to evaluate the immune response elicited by rncpro in cattle and assess a strategy to enhance its immunogenicity, combining the addition of t-cell epitopes and immune modulators. we developed a chimeric recombinant profilin fused to functional t-cell epitopes present in the n-terminal sequence of vesicular st ... | 2016 | 27512980 |
| protective efficacy of a recombinant newcastle disease virus expressing glycoprotein of vesicular stomatitis virus in mice. | vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) causes severe losses to the animal husbandry industry. in this study, a recombinant newcastle disease virus (ndv) expressing the glycoprotein (g) of vsv (rl-vsv-g) was constructed and its pathogenicity and immune protective efficacy in mouse were evaluated. | 2016 | 26911572 |
| heterologous boosting with recombinant vsv-846 in bcg-primed mice confers improved protection against mycobacterium infection. | tuberculosis (tb) remains a major health problem worldwide, and the development of effective vaccines is urgently needed. vaccination strategies based on heterologous prime-boost protocols using mycobacterium bovis bacillus calmette-guérin (bcg) as primer and modified vaccinia virus ankara strain expressing the mycobacterial antigen ag85a (mva85a) as booster may increase the protective efficacy of bcg. in addition, vaccination with the recombinant viral vaccine vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv)-8 ... | 2016 | 27960596 |
| protection of cattle against rinderpest by vaccination with wild-type but not attenuated strains of peste des petits ruminants virus. | although rinderpest virus (rpv) has been eradicated in the wild, efforts are still continuing to restrict the extent to which live virus is distributed in facilities around the world and to prepare for any reappearance of the disease, whether through deliberate or accidental release. in an effort to find an alternative vaccine which could be used in place of the traditional live attenuated rpv strains, we have determined whether cattle can be protected from rinderpest by inoculation with vaccine ... | 2016 | 26984722 |
| quantification of lyssavirus-neutralizing antibodies using vesicular stomatitis virus pseudotype particles. | rabies is a highly fatal zoonotic disease which is primarily caused by rabies virus (rabv) although other members of the genus lyssavirus can cause rabies as well. as yet, 14 serologically and genetically diverse lyssaviruses have been identified, mostly in bats. to assess the quality of rabies vaccines and immunoglobulin preparations, virus neutralization tests with live rabv are performed in accordance with enhanced biosafety standards. in the present work, a novel neutralization test is prese ... | 2016 | 27649230 |
| rabies internalizes into primary peripheral neurons via clathrin coated pits and requires fusion at the cell body. | the single glycoprotein (g) of rabies virus (rabv) dictates all viral entry steps from receptor engagement to membrane fusion. to study the uptake of rabv into primary neuronal cells in culture, we generated a recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus in which the g protein was replaced with that of the neurotropic rabv cvs-11 strain (rvsv cvs g). using microfluidic compartmentalized culture, we examined the uptake of single virions into the termini of primary neurons of the dorsal root ganglion an ... | 2016 | 27463226 |
| mxa mediates sumo-induced resistance to vesicular stomatitis virus. | multiple cellular pathways are regulated by small ubiquitin-like modifier (sumo) modification, including ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis, signal transduction, innate immunity, and antiviral defense. in the study described in this report, we investigated the effects of sumo on the replication of two members of the rhabdoviridae family, vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) and rabies virus (rabv). we show that stable expression of sumo in human cells confers resistance to vsv infection in an interferon ... | 2016 | 27170750 |
| anterograde or retrograde transsynaptic circuit tracing in vertebrates with vesicular stomatitis virus vectors. | viruses have been used as transsynaptic tracers, allowing one to map the inputs and outputs of neuronal populations, due to their ability to replicate in neurons and transmit in vivo only across synaptically connected cells. to date, their use has been largely restricted to mammals. in order to explore the use of such viruses in an expanded host range, we tested the transsynaptic tracing ability of recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (rvsv) vectors in a variety of organisms. successful infect ... | 2016 | 26729030 |
| altering entry site preference of lentiviral vectors into neuronal cells by pseudotyping with envelope glycoproteins. | a lentiviral vector system provides a powerful strategy for gene therapy trials against a variety of neurological and neurodegenerative disorders. pseudotyping of lentiviral vectors with different envelope glycoproteins not only confers the neurotropism to the vectors, but also alters the preference of sites of vector entry into neuronal cells. one major group of lentiviral vectors is a pseudotype with vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein (vsv-g) that enters preferentially cell body areas (so ... | 2016 | 26611586 |
| expression kinetics of rantes and mcp-1 in the brain of deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus) infected with vesicular stomatitis new jersey virus. | the vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) causes encephalitis in mice when inoculated intranasally. the deer mouse (peromyscus maniculatus), a native new world rodent, is also susceptible to vsv infection and develops similar central nervous system (cns) lesions to those observed in other rodent species. chemokines, such as regulated on activation, normal t-cell expressed and secreted (rantes; ccl-5) and monocyte chemoattractant protein (mcp)-1 (ccl-2), which are important for chemotaxis and activati ... | 2016 | 27780575 |
| the vesicular stomatitis virus matrix protein inhibits nf-κb activation in mouse l929 cells. | a previous study found that nf-κb activation is delayed in l929 cells infected with wild-type (wt) strains of vsv, while activation occurred earlier in cells infected with mutant strain t1026r1 (r1) that encodes a mutation in the cytotoxic matrix (m) protein. the integrity of the other r1 proteins is unknown; therefore our goal was to identify the viral component responsible for preventing nf-κb activation in l929 cells. we found that the m protein inhibits viral-mediated activation of nf-κb in ... | 2016 | 27643886 |
| generation and characterization of eptesicus fuscus (big brown bat) kidney cell lines immortalized using the myotis polyomavirus large t-antigen. | it is speculated that bats are important reservoir hosts for numerous viruses, with 27 viral families reportedly detected in bats. majority of these viruses have not been isolated and there is little information regarding their biology in bats. establishing a well-characterized bat cell line supporting the replication of bat-borne viruses would facilitate the analysis of virus-host interactions in an in vitro model. currently, few bat cell lines have been developed and only tb1-lu, derived from ... | 2016 | 27639955 |
| n-myc expression enhances the oncolytic effects of vesicular stomatitis virus in human neuroblastoma cells. | n-myc oncogene amplification is associated but not present in all cases of high-risk neuroblastoma (nb). since oncogene expression could often modulate sensitivity to oncolytic viruses, we wanted to examine if n-myc expression status would determine virotherapy efficacy to high-risk nb. we showed that induction of exogenous n-myc in a non-n-myc-amplified cell line background (tet-21n) increased susceptibility to oncolytic vesicular stomatitis virus (mutant vsvδm51) and alleviated the type i ifn- ... | 2016 | 27626059 |
| asf1a enhances antiviral immune response by associating with cbp to mediate acetylation of h3k56 at the ifnb promoter. | asf1a (anti-silencing function 1a), an evolutionarily conserved protein and a histone chaperone, is required for a variety of chromatin-mediated cellular processes. however, the function of asf1a in innate immune response remains unclear. here, we find that asf1a is induced in vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv)-infected macrophages in a manner that is dependent on irf3 signal. asf1a promotes vsv-triggered ifn-β production. moreover, acetylation of h3k56 increases at the ifnb promoter after vsv inf ... | 2016 | 27596240 |
| ebola vaccines - where are we? | the 2014-16 ebola outbreak in west africa has by far been the largest and most devastating ebola outbreak so far. at the start of the epidemic only 2 ebola dna vaccine candidates had been tested in clinical trials and the correlate of protection in humans was unknown. international stakeholders coordinated by the world health organization agreed to fast-track the development of 2 ebola vaccine candidates, based on adenovirus and vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) vectors. phase i and ii clinical t ... | 2016 | 27548643 |
| novel biomarkers of resistance of pancreatic cancer cells to oncolytic vesicular stomatitis virus. | vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) based recombinant viruses (such as vsv-δm51) are effective oncolytic viruses (ovs) against a majority of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (pdac) cell lines. however, some pdac cell lines are highly resistant to vsv-δm51. we recently showed that treatment of vsv-resistant pdac cells with ruxolitinib (jak1/2 inhibitor) or tpca-1 (ikk-β inhibitor) breaks their resistance to vsv-δm51. here we compared the global effect of ruxolitinib or tpca-1 treatment on cellular g ... | 2016 | 27533247 |
| safety studies in tumor and non-tumor-bearing mice in support of clinical trials using oncolytic vsv-ifnβ-nis. | oncolytic vsv-ifnβ-nis is selectively destructive to tumors. here, we present the ind enabling preclinical rodent studies in support of clinical testing of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) as a systemic therapy. efficacy studies showed dose-dependent tumor regression in c57bl/kalwrij mice bearing syngeneic 5tgm1 plasmacytomas after systemic vsv administration. in contrast, the virus was effective at all doses tested against human kas6/1 xenografts in scid mice. intravenous administration of vsv- ... | 2016 | 27532609 |
| extracellular expression and antiviral activity of a bovine interferon-alpha through codon optimization in pichia pastoris. | interferons (ifns) are the primary line of defense against infectious agents. in particular, ifn-α is an important antiviral cytokine and has a wide range of immune-modulating functions. porcine and human ifn-α have been successfully prepared and play important roles in the prevention and therapy of viral diseases. to date, there has been limited applied research on bovine ifn-α. to achieve high-level expression of recombinant bovine ifn-α (bifn-α) in pichia pastoris for large-scale application, ... | 2016 | 27524649 |
| lentiviral hsv-tk.007-mediated suicide gene therapy is not toxic for normal brain cells. | gene therapeutic strategies with suicide genes are currently investigated in clinical trials for brain tumors. previously, we have shown that lentiviral vectors delivering the suicide gene hsv-tk to experimental brain tumors promote a highly significant treatment effect and thus are promising vectors for clinical translation. | 2016 | 27490042 |
| implementing an ebola vaccine study - sierra leone. | in october 2014, the college of medicine and allied health sciences of the university of sierra leone, the sierra leone ministry of health and sanitation, and cdc joined the global effort to accelerate assessment and availability of candidate ebola vaccines and began planning for the sierra leone trial to introduce a vaccine against ebola (strive). strive was an individually randomized controlled phase ii/iii trial to evaluate efficacy, immunogenicity, and safety of the recombinant vesicular sto ... | 2016 | 27387395 |
| autophagy gene activity may act as a key factor for sensitivity of tumor cells to oncolytic vesicular stomatitis virus. | beclin1 is an important, primary molecule for autophagy. | 2016 | 27366311 |
| antigenic diversification is correlated with increased thermostability in a mammalian virus. | the theory of plastogenetic congruence posits that ultimately, the pressure to maintain function in the face of biomolecular destabilization produces robustness. as temperature goes up so does destabilization. thus, genetic robustness, defined as phenotypic constancy despite mutation, should correlate with survival during thermal challenge. we tested this hypothesis using vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv). we produced two sets of evolved strains after selection for higher thermostability by eithe ... | 2016 | 27344137 |
| fatostatin blocks er exit of scap but inhibits cell growth in a scap-independent manner. | sterol regulatory element-binding protein (srebp) transcription factors are central regulators of cellular lipid homeostasis and activate expression of genes required for fatty acid, triglyceride, and cholesterol synthesis and uptake. srebp cleavage activating protein (scap) plays an essential role in srebp activation by mediating endoplasmic reticulum (er)-to-golgi transport of srebp. in the golgi, membrane-bound srebps are cleaved sequentially by the site-1 and site-2 proteases. recent studies ... | 2016 | 27324795 |
| optimized lentiviral transduction protocols by use of a poloxamer enhancer, spinoculation, and scfv-antibody fusions to vsv-g. | lentiviral vectors (lv) are widely used to successfully transduce cells for research and clinical applications. this optimized lv infection protocol includes a nontoxic poloxamer-based adjuvant combined with antibody-retargeted lentiviral particles. the novel poloxamer p338 demonstrates superior characteristics for enhancing lentiviral transduction over the best-in-class polybrene-assisted transduction. poloxamer p338 exhibited dual benefits of low toxicity and high efficiency of lentiviral gene ... | 2016 | 27317172 |
| correction for soh and whelan, tracking the fate of genetically distinct vesicular stomatitis virus matrix proteins highlights the role for late domains in assembly. | 2016 | 27234347 | |
| microrna-223 promotes type i interferon production in antiviral innate immunity by targeting forkhead box protein o3 (foxo3). | effective recognition of viral infection and subsequent triggering of antiviral innate immune responses are essential for the host antiviral defense, which is tightly regulated by multiple regulators, including micrornas. previous reports have shown that some micrornas are induced during virus infection and participate in the regulation of the innate antiviral response. however, whether the type i ifn response is regulated by mir-223 is still unknown. here, we reported that vesicular stomatitis ... | 2016 | 27226534 |
| rd-molpack technology for the constitutive production of self-inactivating lentiviral vectors pseudotyped with the nontoxic rd114-tr envelope. | to date, gene therapy with transiently derived lentivectors has been very successful to cure rare infant genetic diseases. however, transient manufacturing is unfeasible to treat adult malignancies because large vector lots are required. by contrast, stable manufacturing is the best option for high-incidence diseases since it reduces the production cost, which is the major current limitation to scale up the transient methods. we have previously developed the proprietary rd2-molpack technology fo ... | 2016 | 27222840 |
| sympathetic neural signaling via the β2-adrenergic receptor suppresses t-cell receptor-mediated human and mouse cd8(+) t-cell effector function. | postganglionic sympathetic neurons innervate secondary lymphoid organs and secrete norepinephrine (ne) as the primary neurotransmitter. ne binds and signals through five distinct members of the adrenergic receptor family. in this study, we show elevated expression of the β2-adrenergic receptor (adrb2) on primary human cd8(+) effector memory t cells. treatment of both human and murine cd8(+) t cells with ne decreased ifn-γ and tnf-α secretion and suppressed their cytolytic capacity in response to ... | 2016 | 27222010 |
| vegf-d-enhanced lymph node metastasis of ovarian cancer is reversed by vesicular stomatitis virus matrix protein. | lymphatic metastasis is a poor prognostic factor in ovarian cancer, which correlates to the majority of cancer deaths. matrix protein (mp) of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) exhibits potent antitumor and antiangiogenic activities through inducing apoptosis and inhibiting angiogenesis. in this study, the antitumor and antimetastatic effects of mp were further investigated. wild-type skov3 (wt-sk) cells were successfully transfected with empty vector pcdna3.1 plasmid, or pcdna3.1-vegf-d recombina ... | 2016 | 27211072 |
| a platform for actively loading cargo rna to elucidate limiting steps in ev-mediated delivery. | extracellular vesicles (evs) mediate intercellular communication through transfer of rna and protein between cells. thus, understanding how cargo molecules are loaded and delivered by evs is of central importance for elucidating the biological roles of evs and developing ev-based therapeutics. while some motifs modulating the loading of biomolecular cargo into evs have been elucidated, the general rules governing cargo loading and delivery remain poorly understood. to investigate how general bio ... | 2016 | 27189348 |
| recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus-based dengue-2 vaccine candidate induces humoral response and protects mice against lethal infection. | dengue is the most important arbovirus disease throughout the world and it is responsible for more than 500,000 dengue hemorrhagic cases and 22,000 deaths every year. one vaccine was recently licensed for human use in brazil, mexico and philippines and although at least seven candidates have been in clinical trials the results of the most developed cyd vaccine have demonstrated immunization problems, such as uneven protection and interference between serotypes. we constructed a vaccine candidate ... | 2016 | 27185081 |
| a novel chimeric influenza virosome containing vesicular stomatitis g protein as a more efficient gene delivery system. | to enhance the efficiency of influenza virosome-mediated gene delivery by engineering this virosome. | 2016 | 27169781 |
| incorporation of vsv-g produces fusogenic plasma membrane vesicles capable of efficient transfer of bioactive macromolecules and mitochondria. | the objective of this study was to determine if plasma membrane vesicles (pmvs) could be exploited for efficient transfer of macro-biomolecules and mitochondria. pmvs were derived from mechanical extrusion, and made fusogenic (fpmvs) by incorporating the glycoprotein g of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv-g). confocal microscopy examination revealed that cytoplasmic proteins and mitochondria were enclosed in pmvs as evidenced by tracing with cytoplasmically localized and mitochondria-targeted egfp ... | 2016 | 27165101 |
| nuclear receptor rev-erbα mediates circadian sensitivity to mortality in murine vesicular stomatitis virus-induced encephalitis. | certain components and functions of the immune system, most notably cytokine production and immune cell migration, are under circadian regulation. such regulation suggests that circadian rhythms may have an effect on disease onset, progression, and resolution. in the vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv)-induced encephalitis model, the replication, caudal penetration, and survivability of intranasally applied vsv depends on both innate and adaptive immune mechanisms. in the current study, we investig ... | 2016 | 27143721 |
| migration of nucleocapsids in vesicular stomatitis virus-infected cells is dependent on both microtubules and actin filaments. | the distribution of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) nucleocapsids in the cytoplasm of infected cells was analyzed by scanning confocal fluorescence microscopy using a newly developed quantitative approach called the border-to-border distribution method. nucleocapsids were located near the cell nucleus at early times postinfection (2 h) but were redistributed during infection toward the edges of the cell. this redistribution was inhibited by treatment with nocodazole, colcemid, or cytochalasin d ... | 2016 | 27122580 |
| oncolytic vesicular stomatitis virus expressing interferon-γ has enhanced therapeutic activity. | oncolytic viruses are known to stimulate the antitumor immune response by specifically replicating in tumor cells. this is believed to be an important aspect of the durable responses observed in some patients and the field is rapidly moving toward immunotherapy. as a further means to engage the immune system, we engineered a virus, vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv), to encode the proinflammatory cytokine interferon-γ. we used the 4t1 mammary adenocarcinoma as well as other murine tumor models to ... | 2016 | 27119116 |
| expression of interferon-inducible transmembrane proteins in the chicken and possible role in prevention of viral infections. | in mammals, interferon-inducible transmembrane proteins (ifitms) prevent infections by various enveloped viruses. the expression of ifitms in chicken was herein examined in the adult and embryonic organs using a quantitative reverse-transcription-polymerase chain reaction. the results obtained revealed that ifitm3 was expressed at a higher level than ifitm1, 2 and 5, in both embryonic and adult organs. however, the expression levels of ifitms in embryonic organs were less than 5 % of those in ad ... | 2016 | 27117301 |
| constrained evolvability of interferon suppression in an rna virus. | innate immunity responses controlled by interferon (ifn) are believed to constitute a major selective pressure shaping viral evolution. viruses encode a variety of ifn suppressors, but these are often multifunctional proteins that also play essential roles in other steps of the viral infection cycle, possibly limiting their evolvability. here, we experimentally evolved a vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) mutant carrying a defect in the matrix protein (m∆51) that abolishes ifn suppression and that ... | 2016 | 27098004 |
| genome sequences of nine vesicular stomatitis virus isolates from south america. | we report nine full-genome sequences of vesicular stomatitis virus obtained by illumina next-generation sequencing of rna, isolated from either cattle epithelial suspensions or cell culture supernatants. seven of these viral genomes belonged to the new jersey serotype/species (clade iii), while two isolates belonged to the indiana serotype/species. | 2016 | 27081129 |
| repeatable population dynamics among vesicular stomatitis virus lineages evolved under high co-infection. | parasites and hosts can experience oscillatory cycles, where the densities of these interacting species dynamically fluctuate through time. viruses with different replication strategies can also interact to produce cyclical dynamics. frequent cellular co-infection can select for defective-interfering particles (dips): "cheater" viruses with shortened genomes that interfere with intracellular replication of full-length (ordinary) viruses. dips are positively selected when rare because they out-re ... | 2016 | 27065953 |
| development of third-generation cocal envelope producer cell lines for robust lentiviral gene transfer into hematopoietic stem cells and t-cells. | lentiviral vectors (lvs) pseudotyped with vesicular stomatitis virus envelope glycoprotein (vsv-g) have demonstrated great promise in gene therapy trials employing hematopoietic stem cell and t-cells. the vsv-g envelope confers broad tropism and stability to the vector but is toxic when constitutively expressed, which has impeded efforts to generate stable producer cell lines. we previously showed that cocal pseudotyped lvs offer an excellent alternative to vsv-g vectors because of their broad t ... | 2016 | 27058824 |
| murine tumor models for oncolytic rhabdo-virotherapy. | the preclinical optimization and validation of novel treatments for cancer therapy requires the use of laboratory animals. although in vitro experiments using tumor cell lines and ex vivo treatment of patient tumor samples provide a remarkable first-line tool for the initial study of tumoricidal potential, tumor-bearing animals remain the primary option to study delivery, efficacy, and safety of therapies in the context of a complete tumor microenvironment and functional immune system. in this r ... | 2016 | 27034397 |
| ovarian cancer treatment with a tumor-targeting and gene expression-controllable lipoplex. | overexpression of folate receptor alpha (frα) and high telomerase activity are considered to be the characteristics of ovarian cancers. in this study, we developed frα-targeted lipoplexes loaded with an htert promoter-regulated plasmid that encodes a matrix protein (mp) of the vesicular stomatitis virus, f-lp/pmp(2.5), for application in ovarian cancer treatment. we first characterized the pharmaceutical properties of f-lp/pmp(2.5). the efficient expression of the mp-driven htert promoter in sko ... | 2016 | 27026065 |
| release the hounds: virotherapy with immunotherapy. | in this issue of blood, shen et al demonstrate that the vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv)-murine interferon β (ifnβ)-sodium iodide symporter (nis) (vsv-mifnβ-nis) oncolytic virus has significant antileukemia activity, which is enhanced when combined with an anti-programmed death-ligand 1 (pd-l1) antibody. | 2016 | 26989187 |
| characterization of glycoprotein-mediated entry of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus. | severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (sfts) is an emerging hemorrhagic fever with a high case fatality rate caused by sfts virus (sftsv). effective vaccines and specific therapies for sfts are urgently sought, and investigation into virus-host cell interactions is expected to contribute to the development of antiviral strategies. in this study, we have developed a pseudotype vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) bearing the unmodified gn/gc glycoproteins (gps) of sftsv (sftsvpv). we have analy ... | 2016 | 26984731 |
| intranasal location and immunohistochemical characterization of the equine olfactory epithelium. | the olfactory epithelium (oe) is the only body site where neurons contact directly the environment and are therefore exposed to a broad variation of substances and insults. it can serve as portal of entry for neurotropic viruses which spread via the olfactory pathway to the central nervous system. for horses, it has been proposed and concluded mainly from rodent studies that different viruses, e.g., borna disease virus, equine herpesvirus 1 (ehv-1), hendra virus, influenza virus, rabies virus, v ... | 2016 | 27790096 |
| 3d rotating wall vessel and 2d cell culture of four veterinary virus pathogens: a comparison of virus yields, portions of infectious particles and virus growth curves. | only very few comparative studies have been performed that evaluate general trends of virus growth under 3d in comparison with 2d cell culture conditions. the aim of this study was to investigate differences when four animal viruses are cultured in 2d and 3d. suid herpesvirus 1 (suhv-1), vesicular stomatitis virus (vsiv), bovine adenovirus (badv) and bovine parainfluenza 3 virus (bpiv-3) were cultivated in 3d rotating wall vessels (rwvs) and conventional 2d cultures. the production of virus part ... | 2016 | 26562056 |
| response of three different viruses to interferon priming and dithiothreitol treatment of avian cells. | we have previously shown that the replication of avian reovirus (arv) in chicken cells is much more resistant to interferon (ifn) than the replication of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) or vaccinia virus (vv). in this study, we have investigated the role that the double-stranded rna (dsrna)-activated protein kinase (pkr) plays in the sensitivity of these three viruses toward the antiviral action of chicken interferon. our data suggest that while interferon priming of avian cells blocks vaccinia ... | 2016 | 27440902 |
| interferon induction by avian reovirus. | we have previously shown that the replication of avian reovirus (arv) in chicken embryo fibroblasts (cef) is more resistant to the antiviral action of interferon (ifn) than the replication of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) or vaccinia virus (vv). in this study we examined the capacity of these three viruses to induce the expression of ifn when infecting avian cells. efficient expression of both type-α and type-β ifns, as well as of the double-stranded rna (dsrna)-activated protein kinase (pkr) ... | 2016 | 26517397 |
| virus replicon particles expressing porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus proteins elicit immune priming but do not confer protection from viremia in pigs. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) is the causative agent of one of the most devastating and economically significant viral disease of pigs worldwide. the vaccines currently available on the market elicit only limited protection. recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) replicon particles (vrp) have been used successfully to induce protection against influenza a virus (iav) in chickens and bluetongue virus in sheep. in this study, vsv vrp expressing the prrsv envelop ... | 2016 | 26895704 |
| multiplex rt-pcr and automated microarray for detection of eight bovine viruses. | microarrays can be a useful tool for pathogen detection as it allow for simultaneous interrogation of the presence of a large number of genetic sequences in a sample. however, conventional microarrays require extensive manual handling and multiple pieces of equipment for printing probes, hybridization, washing and signal detection. in this study, a reverse transcription (rt)-pcr with an accompanying novel automated microarray for simultaneous detection of eight viruses that affect cattle [vesicu ... | 2016 | 27878975 |
| enhanced immunosurveillance for animal morbilliviruses using vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) pseudotypes. | the measurement of virus-specific neutralising antibodies represents the "gold-standard" for diagnostic serology. for animal morbilliviruses, such as peste des petits ruminants (pprv) or rinderpest virus (rpv), live virus-based neutralisation tests require high-level biocontainment to prevent the accidental escape of the infectious agents. in this study, we describe the adaptation of a replication-defective vesicular stomatitis virus (vsvδg) based pseudotyping system for the measurement of neutr ... | 2016 | 27742221 |
| efficient generation of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv)-pseudotypes bearing morbilliviral glycoproteins and their use in quantifying virus neutralising antibodies. | morbillivirus neutralising antibodies are traditionally measured using either plaque reduction neutralisation tests (prnts) or live virus microneutralisation tests (micro-nts). while both test formats provide a reliable assessment of the strength and specificity of the humoral response, they are restricted by the limited number of viral strains that can be studied and often present significant biological safety concerns to the operator. in this study, we describe the adaptation of a replication- ... | 2016 | 26706278 |
| chikungunya virus vaccines: viral vector-based approaches. | in 2013, a major chikungunya virus (chikv) epidemic reached the americas. in the past 2 years, >1.7 million people have been infected. in light of the current epidemic, with millions of people in north and south america at risk, efforts to rapidly develop effective vaccines have increased. here, we focus on chikv vaccines that use viral-vector technologies. this group of vaccine candidates shares an ability to potently induce humoral and cellular immune responses by use of highly attenuated and ... | 2016 | 27920181 |
| curcumin and boswellia serrata gum resin extract inhibit chikungunya and vesicular stomatitis virus infections in vitro. | chikungunya virus (chikv) is a mosquito-transmitted alphavirus that causes chikungunya fever and has infected millions of people mainly in developing countries. the associated disease is characterized by rash, high fever, and severe arthritis that can persist for years. chikv has adapted to aedes albopictus, which also inhabits temperate regions including europe and the united states of america. chikv has recently caused large outbreaks in latin america. no treatment or licensed chikv vaccine ex ... | 2016 | 26611396 |
| analysis of the entry mechanism of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus, using a vesicular stomatitis virus pseudotyping system. | crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever (cchf) is a tick-borne disease causing severe hemorrhagic symptoms with a nearly 30 % case-fatality rate in humans. the experimental use of cchf virus (cchfv), which causes cchf, requires high-biosafety-level (bsl) containment. in contrast, pseudotyping of various viral glycoproteins (gps) onto vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) can be used in facilities with lower bsl containment, and this has facilitated studies on the viral entry mechanism and the measurement of ... | 2016 | 26935918 |
| suramin is a potent inhibitor of chikungunya and ebola virus cell entry. | chikungunya virus (chikv) is a mosquito-transmitted alphavirus that causes high fever, rash, and recurrent arthritis in humans. it has efficiently adapted to aedes albopictus, which also inhabits temperate regions and currently causes large outbreaks in the caribbean and latin america. ebola virus (ebov) is a member of the filovirus family. it causes the ebola virus disease (edv), formerly known as ebola hemorrhagic fever in humans and has a mortality rate of up to 70 %. the last outbreak in wes ... | 2016 | 27581733 |
| insulated isothermal reverse transcriptase pcr (iirt-pcr) for rapid and sensitive detection of classical swine fever virus. | classical swine fever (csf) is an oie-listed disease that can have a severe impact on the swine industry. user-friendly, sensitive, rapid diagnostic tests that utilize low-cost field-deployable instruments for csf diagnosis can be useful for disease surveillance and outbreak monitoring. in this study, we describe validation of a new probe-based insulated isothermal reverse transcriptase pcr (iirt-pcr) assay for rapid detection of classical swine fever virus (csfv) on a compact, user-friendly dev ... | 2016 | 25644051 |
| photosensitizer-embedded polyacrylonitrile nanofibers as antimicrobial non-woven textile. | toward the objective of developing platform technologies for anti-infective materials based upon photodynamic inactivation, we employed electrospinning to prepare a non-woven textile comprised of polyacrylonitrile nanofibers embedded with a porphyrin-based cationic photosensitizer; termed pan-por((+)). photosensitizer loading was determined to be 34.8 nmol/mg material; with thermostability to 300 °c. antibacterial efficacy was evaluated against four bacteria belonging to the eskape family of pat ... | 2016 | 28335205 |
| invertebrate iridescent virus 6, a dna virus, stimulates a mammalian innate immune response through rig-i-like receptors. | insects are not only major vectors of mammalian viruses, but are also host to insect-restricted viruses that can potentially be transmitted to mammals. while mammalian innate immune responses to arboviruses are well studied, less is known about how mammalian cells respond to viruses that are restricted to infect only invertebrates. here we demonstrate that iiv-6, a dna virus of the family iridoviridae, is able to induce a type i interferon-dependent antiviral immune response in mammalian cells. ... | 2016 | 27824940 |
| limited effects of type i interferons on kyasanur forest disease virus in cell culture. | the tick-borne flavivirus, kyasanur forest disease virus (kfdv) causes seasonal infections and periodic outbreaks in south-west india. the current vaccine offers poor protection with reported issues of coverage and immunogenicity. since there are no approved prophylactic therapeutics for kfdv, type i ifn-α/β subtypes were assessed for antiviral potency against kfdv in cell culture. | 2016 | 27479197 |
| spatial-temporal patterns of viral amplification and interference initiated by a single infected cell. | when viruses infect their host cells, they can make defective virus-like particles along with intact virus. cells coinfected with virus and defective particles often exhibit interference with virus growth caused by the competition for resources by defective genomes. recent reports of the coexistence and cotransmission of such defective interfering particles (dips) in vivo, across epidemiological length and time scales, suggest a role in viral pathogenesis, but it is not known how dips impact inf ... | 2016 | 27279621 |
| ebola virus vaccines: where do we stand? | the recent outbreak of ebola virus disease in west africa has led to more than 11,000 deaths, with a peak in mortality from august through december of 2014. a meeting convened by the world health organization (who) in september 2014, concluded that an urgent unmet need exists for efficacy and safety testing of the ebola virus vaccine candidates and that clinical trials should be expedited. these vaccines could be used both in an outbreak setting and to provide long-term protection in populations ... | 2016 | 27910805 |
| human antibody repertoire after vsv-ebola vaccination identifies novel targets and virus-neutralizing igm antibodies. | development of an effective vaccine against ebola virus is of high priority. however, knowledge about potential correlates of protection and the durability of immune response after vaccination is limited. here, we elucidate the human antibody repertoire after administration of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv)-ebola vaccine at 3 million, 20 million and 100 million plaque-forming units (pfu) and homologous vsv-ebola vaccine boost in healthy adult volunteers. whole genome-fragment phage display lib ... | 2016 | 27798615 |
| ebolavirus glycoprotein fc fusion protein protects guinea pigs against lethal challenge. | ebola virus (ebov), a member of the filoviridae that can cause severe hemorrhagic fever in humans and nonhuman primates, poses a significant threat to the public health. currently, there are no licensed vaccines or therapeutics to prevent and treat ebov infection. several vaccines based on the ebov glycoprotein (gp) are under development, including vectored, virus-like particles, and protein-based subunit vaccines. we previously demonstrated that a subunit vaccine containing the extracellular do ... | 2016 | 27622456 |
| spatiotemporal dynamics of the ebola epidemic in guinea and implications for vaccination and disease elimination: a computational modeling analysis. | among the three countries most affected by the ebola virus disease outbreak in 2014-2015, guinea presents an unusual spatiotemporal epidemic pattern, with several waves and a long tail in the decay of the epidemic incidence. | 2016 | 27600737 |
| efficacy of vesicular stomatitis virus-ebola virus postexposure treatment in rhesus macaques infected with ebola virus makona. | the ebola virus (ebov) epidemic in west africa increased the focus on vaccine development against this hemorrhagic fever-causing pathogen, and as a consequence human clinical trials for a few selected platforms were accelerated. one of these vaccines is vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv)-ebov, also known as rvsv-zebov, a fast-acting vaccine against ebov and so far the only vaccine with reported efficacy against ebov infections in humans in phase iii clinical trials. in this study, we analyzed the ... | 2016 | 27496978 |
| inactivation of rna viruses by gamma irradiation: a study on mitigating factors. | effective inactivation of biosafety level 4 (bsl-4) pathogens is vital in order to study these agents safely. gamma irradiation is a commonly used method for the inactivation of bsl-4 viruses, which among other advantages, facilitates the study of inactivated yet morphologically intact virions. the reported values for susceptibility of viruses to inactivation by gamma irradiation are sometimes inconsistent, likely due to differences in experimental protocols. we analyzed the effects of common sa ... | 2016 | 27455307 |
| quinoxaline-based inhibitors of ebola and marburg vp40 egress. | we prepared a series of quinoxalin-2-mercapto-acetyl-urea analogs and evaluated them for their ability to inhibit viral egress in our marburg and ebola vp40 vlp budding assays in hek293t cells. we also evaluated selected compounds in our bimolecular complementation assay (bimc) to detect and visualize a marburg mvp40-nedd4 interaction in live mammalian cells. antiviral activity was assessed for selected compounds using a live recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) (m40 virus) that expresse ... | 2016 | 27377328 |
| identification of entry inhibitors of ebola virus pseudotyped vectors from a myxobacterial compound library. | myxobacteria produce secondary metabolites many of which were described to have various biological effects including anti-fungal, anti-bacterial and anti-viral activity. the majority of these metabolites are novel scaffolds with unique modes-of-action and hence might be potential leads for drug discovery. here, we tested a myxobacterial natural product library for compounds with inhibitory activity against ebola virus (ebov). the assay was performed with a surrogate system using ebola envelope g ... | 2016 | 27241689 |
| characterization of human and murine t-cell immunoglobulin mucin domain 4 (tim-4) igv domain residues critical for ebola virus entry. | phosphatidylserine (ptdser) receptors that are responsible for the clearance of dying cells have recently been found to mediate enveloped virus entry. ebola virus (ebov), a member of the filoviridae family of viruses, utilizes ptdser receptors for entry into target cells. the ptdser receptors human and murine t-cell immunoglobulin mucin (tim) domain proteins tim-1 and tim-4 mediate filovirus entry by binding to ptdser on the virion surface via a conserved ptdser binding pocket within the amino-t ... | 2016 | 27122575 |
| use of postexposure prophylaxis after occupational exposure to zaire ebolavirus. | from september 2014 to april 2015, 6 persons who had occupational exposures to zaire ebolavirus in west africa received investigational agent rvsv-zebov or tkm-100802 for postexposure prophylaxis and were monitored in the united states. all patients experienced self-limited symptoms after postexposure prophylaxis; none developed ebola virus disease. | 2016 | 27118786 |
| ensemble structure of the highly flexible complex formed between vesicular stomatitis virus unassembled nucleoprotein and its phosphoprotein chaperone. | nucleocapsid assembly is an essential process in the replication of the non-segmented, negative-sense rna viruses (nnvs). unassembled nucleoprotein (n(0)) is maintained in an rna-free and monomeric form by its viral chaperone, the phosphoprotein (p), forming the n(0)-p complex. our earlier work solved the structure of vesicular stomatitis virus complex formed between an n-terminally truncated n (nδ21) and a peptide of p (p60) encompassing the n(0)-binding site, but how the full-length p interact ... | 2016 | 27107640 |
| single-vector, single-injection recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus vaccines against high-containment viruses. | there are many avenues for making an effective vaccine against viruses. depending on the virus these can include one of the following: inactivation of whole virions; attenuation of viruses; recombinant viral proteins; non-replication-competent virus particles; or surrogate virus vector systems such as vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv). vsv is a prototypic enveloped animal virus that has been used for over four decades to study virus replication, entry, and assembly due to its ability to replicate ... | 2016 | 27076138 |
| designing efficacious vesicular stomatitis virus-vectored vaccines against ebola virus. | infection with the ebola virus (ebov) causes an aggressive hemorrhagic disease in humans and nonhuman primates. traditional approaches, such as vaccination with inactivated virion preparations, have had limited efficacy, whereas immunization with live-attenuated ebov is not feasible due to the highly lethal nature of the pathogen. this has necessitated the development of other approaches towards an effective ebov vaccine. over the past decade, recombinant viruses expressing the ebov glycoprotein ... | 2016 | 27076134 |
| the synthetic antiviral drug arbidol inhibits globally prevalent pathogenic viruses. | arbidol (arb) is a synthetic antiviral originally developed to combat influenza viruses. arb is currently used clinically in several countries but not in north america. we have previously shown that arb inhibits in vitro hepatitis c virus (hcv) by blocking hcv entry and replication. in this report, we expand the list of viruses that are inhibited by arb and demonstrate that arb suppresses in vitro infection of mammalian cells with ebola virus (ebov), tacaribe arenavirus, and human herpesvirus 8 ... | 2016 | 26739045 |
| the microtubule inhibitor podofilox inhibits an early entry step of human cytomegalovirus. | human cytomegalovirus is a ubiquitous β-herpesvirus that infects many different cell types through an initial binding to cell surface receptors followed by a fusion event at the cell membrane or endocytic vesicle. a recent high-throughput screen to identify compounds that block a step prior to viral gene expression identified podofilox as a potent and nontoxic inhibitor. time-of-addition studies in combination with quantitative-pcr analysis demonstrated that podofilox limits an early step of vir ... | 2016 | 27783035 |
| construction of recombinant baculovirus vaccines for newcastle disease virus and an assessment of their immunogenicity. | newcastle disease (nd) is a lethal avian infectious disease caused by newcastle disease virus (ndv) which poses a substantial threat to china's poultry industry. conventional live vaccines against ndv are available, but they can revert to virulent strains and do not protect against mutant strains of the virus. therefore, there is a critical unmet need for a novel vaccine that is safe, efficacious, and cost effective. here, we designed novel recombinant baculovirus vaccines expressing the ndv f o ... | 2016 | 27015979 |
| recent advances in the development of vaccines for ebola virus disease. | ebola virus is one of the most dangerous microorganisms in the world causing hemorrhagic fevers in humans and non-human primates. ebola virus (ebov) is a zoonotic infection, which emerges and re-emerges in human populations. the 2014 outbreak was caused by the zaire strain, which has a kill rate of up to 90%, though 40% was recorded in the current outbreak. the 2014 outbreak is larger than all 20 outbreaks that have occurred since 1976, when the virus was first discovered. it is the first time t ... | 2016 | 26596227 |
| pseudotyping of lentiviral vector with novel vesiculovirus envelope glycoproteins derived from chandipura and piry viruses. | while the envelope glycoprotein of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv-g) is widely used for pseudotyping of lentiviral vectors, sub-optimal gene transfer into certain cell types and its sensitivity to inactivation by human complement hinders its broader applications. to find alternative candidates, here we evaluated two serologically distinct novel viral envelopes derived from chandipura (cnv-g) and piry (prv-g) vesiculoviruses. both permitted generation of high titer psuedotyped lentiviral vectors ... | 2016 | 26650691 |
| my cousin, my enemy: quasispecies suppression of drug resistance. | if a freshly minted genome contains a mutation that confers drug resistance, will it be selected in the presence of the drug? not necessarily. during viral infections, newly synthesized viral genomes occupy the same cells as parent and other progeny genomes. if the antiviral target is chosen so that the drug-resistant progeny's growth is dominantly inhibited by the drug-susceptible members of its intracellular family, its outgrowth can be suppressed. precedent for 'dominant drug targeting' as a ... | 2016 | 27764731 |
| identification and characterization of a novel broad-spectrum virus entry inhibitor. | virus entry into cells is a multistep process that often requires the subversion of subcellular machineries. a more complete understanding of these steps is necessary to develop new antiviral strategies. while studying the potential role of the actin network and one of its master regulators, the small gtpase cdc42, during junin virus (junv) entry, we serendipitously uncovered the small molecule zcl278, reported to inhibit cdc42 function as an entry inhibitor for junv and for vesicular stomatitis ... | 2016 | 26912630 |
| lactimidomycin is a broad-spectrum inhibitor of dengue and other rna viruses. | dengue virus, a member of the flaviviridae family, is a mosquito-borne pathogen and the causative agent of dengue fever. despite the nearly 400 million new infections estimated annually, no vaccines or specific antiviral therapeutics are currently available. we identified lactimidomycin (ltm), a recently established inhibitor of translation elongation, as a potent inhibitor of dengue virus 2 infection in cell culture. the antiviral activity is observed at concentrations that do not affect cell v ... | 2016 | 26872864 |
| inhibitory effects of bee venom and its components against viruses in vitro and in vivo. | bee venom (bv) from honey bee (apis melifera l.) contains at least 18 pharmacologically active components including melittin (mlt), phospholipase a2 (pla2), and apamin etc. bv is safe for human treatments dose dependently and proven to possess different healing properties including antibacterial and antiparasitidal properties. nevertheless, antiviral properties of bv have not well investigated. hence, we identified the potential antiviral properties of bv and its component against a broad panel ... | 2016 | 27888461 |
| methylcrotonoyl-coa carboxylase 1 potentiates rlr-induced nf-κb signaling by targeting mavs complex. | rna virus infections are detected by the rig-i family of receptors, which signal through the adaptor molecule mitochondrial antiviral signaling (mavs). mavs then recruits the adaptor's tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor (traf) 3 and traf6, which in turn activate irf3 and nf-κb, respectively, to induce interferons (ifns) and inflammatory responses. here we show that the biotin-containing enzyme methylcrotonoyl-coa carboxylase 1 (mccc1) enhances virus-induced, mavs-mediated ifn and i ... | 2016 | 27629939 |
| inhibitory effects of an aqueous extract from cortex phellodendri on the growth and replication of broad-spectrum of viruses in vitro and in vivo. | cortex phellodendri (c. phellodendri), the dried trunk bark of phellodendron amurense ruprecht, has been known as a traditional herbal medicine, showing several bioactivities. however, antiviral activity of c. phellodendri aqueous extract (cp) not reported in detail, particularly aiming the prophylactic effectiveness. | 2016 | 27484768 |
| vesicular stomatitis virus-based vaccines expressing ev71 virus-like particles elicit strong immune responses and protect newborn mice from lethal challenges. | enterovirus 71 (ev71) belonging to the picornaviridae family is considered the most frequently detected causative agent in hand-foot-and-mouth disease (hfmd) and is a serious threat to public health in the asia-pacific region. there are currently no approved vaccines or effective drugs for ev71. in this study, using recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (rvsv) expressing viral vp1 protein (mvp1) of ev71 as a control, we generated two types of rvsvs that can form ev71 virus-like particles (vlps) ... | 2016 | 27373596 |
| gene expression and antiviral activity of interleukin-35 in response to influenza a virus infection. | interleukin-35 (il-35) is a newly described member of the il-12 family. it has been reported to inhibit inflammation and autoimmune inflammatory disease and can increase apoptotic sensitivity. little is known about the role of il-35 during viral infection. herein, high levels of il-35 were found in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and throat swabs from patients with seasonal influenza a virus (iav) relative to healthy individuals. iav infection of human lung epithelial and primary cells increa ... | 2016 | 27307042 |
| pyruvate carboxylase activates the rig-i-like receptor-mediated antiviral immune response by targeting the mavs signalosome. | when retinoic acid-inducible gene 1 protein (rig-i)-like receptors sense viral dsrna in the cytosol, rig-i and melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (mda5) are recruited to the mitochondria to interact with mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (mavs) and initiate antiviral immune responses. in this study, we demonstrate that the biotin-containing enzyme pyruvate carboxylase (pc) plays an essential role in the virus-triggered activation of nuclear factor kappa b (nf-κb) signaling mediat ... | 2016 | 26906558 |
| interferon-mediated antiviral activities of angelica tenuissima nakai and its active components. | angelica tenuissima nakai is a widely used commodity in traditional medicine. nevertheless, no study has been conducted on the antiviral and immune-modulatory properties of an aqueous extract of angelica tenuissima nakai. in the present study, we evaluated the antiviral activities and the mechanism of action of an aqueous extract of angelica tenuissima nakai both in vitro and in vivo. in vitro, an effective dose of angelica tenuissima nakai markedly inhibited the replication of influenza a virus ... | 2016 | 26727903 |
| a monovalent chimpanzee adenovirus ebola vaccine boosted with mva. | the west african outbreak of ebola virus disease that peaked in 2014 has caused more than 11,000 deaths. the development of an effective ebola vaccine is a priority for control of a future outbreak. | 2016 | 25629663 |