Publications

intestinal parasitosis and shigellosis among diarrheal patients in gondar teaching hospital, northwest ethiopia.	abstract:	2011	22041102
antiprotozoal activity of proton-pump inhibitors.	parasitic diseases are still a major health problem in developing countries. in our effort to find new antiparasitic agents, in this letter we report the in vitro antiprotozoal activity of omeprazole, lansoprazole, rabeprazole and pantoprazole against trichomonas vaginalis, giardia intestinalis and entamoeba histolytica. molecular modeling studies were an important tool to highlight the potential antiprotozoal activity of these drugs. experimental evaluations revealed a strong activity for all c ...	2011	22047694
evaluation of amoebicidal potential of paneth cell cryptdin-2 against entamoeba histolytica.	background: amoebiasis is a major public health problem in tropical and subtropical countries. currently, metronidazole is the gold choice medication for the treatment of this disease. however, reports have indicated towards the possibility of development of metronidazole-resistance in entamoeba strains in near future. in view of the emergence of this possibility, in addition to the associated side effects and mutagenic ability of the currently available anti-amoebic drugs, there is a need to ex ...	2011	22206022
Virulence of Entamoeba histolytica is upregulated by short-term glucose starvation.	Evaluation of: Tovy A, Hertz R, Siman-Tov R et al. Glucose starvation boosts Entamoeba histolytica virulence. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis. 5(8), e1247 (2011). Intestinal parasites of the large intestine interact with bacteria and cell debris, and potentially with intestinal epithelium. Entamoeba histolytica lives in the colon and because of unknown reasons, trophozoites become invasive and also differentiate into cysts. In this article, Tovy and colleagues studied the effect of glucose on amoeba starva ...	2011	22122437
Redox-active antiparasitic drugs.	Significance: Parasitic diseases affect hundreds of millions of people worldwide and represent major health problems. Treatment is becoming extremely difficult due to the emergence of drug-resistance, the absence of effective vaccines and the spread of insecticide-resistant vectors. Thus, identification of affordable and readily available drugs against resistant parasites is of global demand. Recent Advances: Susceptibility of many parasites to oxidative stress is a well-known phenomenon. There ...	2011	22122517
Comparative study of entero-parasitic infections among HIV sero-positive and sero-negative patients in Lagos, Nigeria.	Intestinal parasites are endemic in many parts of the world where HIV infection is also widespread. Previous studies had shown that the spectrum of opportunistic and common endemic parasitic infections with HIV vary in different regions and usually reflect the infections prevalent in these regions. This present study was aimed at comparing the prevalence and types of intestinal parasitic infections in HIV sero-positive and sero-negative patients in Lagos.	2011	21896269
role of conserved active site tryptophan-101 in functional activity and stability of phosphoserine aminotransferase from an enteric human parasite.	site-directed mutagenesis study was performed to elucidate the role of conserved tryptophan-101 present at the active site of phosphoserine aminotransferase from an enteric human parasite entamoeba histolytica. fluorescence resonance energy transfer and molecular dynamic simulation show that the indole ring of trp101 stacks with the cofactor plp. loss of enzymatic activity and plp polarization values suggest that trp101 plays a major role in maintaining a defined plp microen ...	2011	22038178
cytotoxicity of functionalized carbon nanotubes in j774a macrophages.	cytotoxicity of carbon nanotubes (cnts) is a prime concern for its use as antigen carriers. here we evaluated the cytotoxic effect of unpurified (up-cnts), purified (p-cnts), fluorescein isothiocyanate-functionalized (fitc-cnts), and entamoeba histolytica 220-kda lectin-functionalized cnts (l220-cnts) in j774a macrophage (mos) cell line. cell viability and apoptosis were analyzed by mtt and tunel assays, respectively. cyclooxygenase-2 (cox-2) was analyzed by reverse transcription-polymerase chai ...	2011	22033080
p38 Mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) and NADPH Oxidase (NOX) are cytoprotective determinants in the trophozoite-induced apoptosis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells.	In a host-parasite interaction model, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were co-incubated with trophozoites of Entamoeba histolytica to determine if the cytotoxic killing of PBMCs involves (NOX)-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). Experimental PBMC populations were pre-treated with diphenylene iodonium chloride to inhibit NOX, N-acetylcysteine to inhibit p47(phox) (a subunit of NOX), and SB202190 to inhibit p38 MAPK, with co-suppression ...	2011	22014391
Amebiasis in HIV-1-infected Japanese men: clinical features and response to therapy.	Invasive amebic diseases caused by Entamoeba histolytica are increasing among men who have sex with men and co-infection of ameba and HIV-1 is an emerging problem in developed East Asian countries. To characterize the clinical and epidemiological features of invasive amebiasis in HIV-1 patients, the medical records of 170 co-infected cases were analyzed retrospectively, and E. histolytica genotype was assayed in 14 cases. In this series of HIV-1-infected patients, clinical presentation of invasi ...	2011	21931875
Cryptosporidium gastroenteritis in Egyptian children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: magnitude of the problem.	PURPOSE: Cryptosporidium species is considered to be an important cause of significant morbidity in immunocompromised individuals. A prospective case-control study of sporadic diarrhea due to Cryptosporidium infection was conducted on children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). METHODS: Forty children with ALL on maintenance chemotherapy according to the Berlin-Frankfurt-Munster (BF ...	2011	22189516
how common is intestinal parasitism in hiv-infected patients in malaysia?	human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected individuals have greater susceptibility to infections by a myriad of microorganisms which can cause significant morbidity and mortality compared to immunocompetent individuals. of these microbial infections, intestinal parasitic infections (ipis) however are receiving less attention than bacterial and viral infections, hence, the lack of information of parasitic infections in hiv individuals. prevalence of ipis among 346 hiv-infected individuals in mal ...	2011	22041762
entamoeba lysyl-trna synthetase contains a cytokine-like domain with chemokine activity towards human endothelial cells.	immunological pressure encountered by protozoan parasites drives the selection of strategies to modulate or avoid the immune responses of their hosts. here we show that the parasite entamoeba histolytica has evolved a chemokine that mimics the sequence, structure, and function of the human cytokine hsemapii (homo sapiens endothelial monocyte activating polypeptide ii). this entamoeba emapii-like polypeptide (eelp) is translated as a domain attached to two different aminoacyl-trna synthetases (aa ...	2011	22140588
microwave-mediated enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay procedure.	here we demonstrate a novel microwave-mediated enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (melisa) method that has dramatically reduced the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) timing to less than 5min with a result comparable to that obtained by 18-h conventional elisa. efficacy of the melisa procedure is demonstrated by detecting human immunoglobulin g (igg), rabbit igg, human immunoglobulin e (ige), human interleuken 1β (il-1β), entamoeba histolytica antibody, and aspergillus fumigatus antibody. ...	2011	22033289
[Irritable Bowel Syndrome: Frequency and phylogenetic relationship of Blastocystis sp. from Mexican patients].	Introduction: Recent studies reported increased presence of Blastocystis in patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) and an etiologic role has been proposed. The pathogenic role of Blastocystis is controversial, because it is frequently found not only in individuals with enteric symptoms but also in healthy and asymptomatic subjects. Furthermore, there are few studies of blastocistosis in Mexico. Objective: To assess the frequency of Blastocystis sp. in IBS patients using molecular technique ...	2011	22188955
unique structural and nucleotide exchange features of the rho1 gtpase of entamoeba histolytica.	the single-celled human parasite entamoeba histolytica possesses a dynamic actin cytoskeleton vital for its intestinal and systemic pathogenicity. the e. histolytica genome encodes several rho family gtpases known to regulate cytoskeletal dynamics. ehrho1, the first family member identified, was reported to be insensitive to the rho gtpase-specific clostridium botulinum c3 exoenzyme, raising the possibility that it may be a misclassified ras family member. here, we report the crystal structures ...	2011	21930699
Bis(oxyphenylene)benzimidazoles: A novel class of anti-Plasmodium falciparum agents.	A small library of 26 2,2'-[alkane-a,?-diylbis(oxyphenylene)]bis-1H-benzimidazoles has been prepared and evaluated against Giardia intestinalis, Entamoeba histolytica, Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense, Trypanosoma cruzi, Leishmania donovani, and Plasmodium falciparum. Among the tested compounds, eight derivatives (17, 19, 20, 24, 27, 30, 32 and 35) exhibited an anti-Plasmodium falciparum activity characterized by IC(50) values in the range of 180-410nM (0.11-0.21µg/mL) and selectivity indexes (IC( ...	2011	22061825
colocutaneous fistula secondary to amoebiasis.	here we present an interesting and extremely rare case of a 66 year old male who developed a colocutaneous fistula secondary to amoebiasis. the patient presented with an acute history of right lower abdominal pain, weight loss and a palpable mass. a ct scan demonstrated a fluid filled cavity in the right iliac fossa consistent with an appendiceal abscess which was drained under radiological guidance. however, following drainage his symptoms remained requiring open surgical drainage, and a contro ...	2011	22096684
Expression analysis of Entamoeba invadens profilins in encystation and excystation.	Cell motility by actin cytoskeleton is essential for differentiation processes of excystation and encystation of Entamoeba. We recently studied an actin depolymerizing factor (ADF)/cofilin (Cfl) of Entamoeba invadens (Ei), and demonstrated its contribution to the encystation and excystation of E. invadens through actin cytoskeletal reorganization. Profilin is also an actin-binding protein but its function is different from that of Cfl in actin assembly. This study investigated E. invadens profil ...	2011	22179263
Towards the establishment of a porcine model to study human amebiasis.	Entamoeba histolytica is an important parasite of the human intestine. Its life cycle is monoxenous with two stages: (i) the trophozoite, growing in the intestine and (ii) the cyst corresponding to the dissemination stage. The trophozoite in the intestine can live as a commensal leading to asymptomatic infection or as a tissue invasive form producing mucosal ulcers and liver abscesses. There is no animal model mimicking the whole disease cycle. Most of the biological information on E. histolytic ...	2011	22205970
applications of pcr (real-time and masstag) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in diagnosis of respiratory infections and diarrheal illness among deployed u.s. military personnel during exercise balikatan 2009, philippines.	laboratory-based surveillance for diarrheal and respiratory illness was conducted at the 2009 republic of the philippines-united states balikatan exercise to determine the presence of specific pathogens endemic in the locations where the military exercises were conducted. ten stool and 6 respiratory specimens were obtained from individuals meeting case definitions for diarrhea or respiratory illness. stool specimens were frozen in dry ice and remotely tested using enzyme-linked immunosorbent ass ...	2011	22128641
antimicrobial activity, cytotoxicity, and phytochemical screening of voacanga globosa (blanco) merr. leaf extract (apocynaceae).	to determine the antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, cytotoxic, and phytochemical properties of ethanol extracts of leaves of voacanga globosa (blanco) merr. (v. globosa).	2011	22014741
[longitudinal investigation on intestinal parasite infections among rural people in west dongting lake region].	the nylon pocket concentration method and modified kato-katz technique were used to detect the eggs of intestinal parasites and the iodine smear method was used for the detection of protozoa among the rural population in west dongting lake region. the infection rate of parasites in 2006 was 11.84%, and it declined by 86.63%, 81.34%, and 47.28%, respectively, compared to the rates in 1983, 1993, and 2003. six major parasites were detected including ascaris lumbricoides, trichuris trichiura, fasci ...	2011	22164496
The Entamoeba histolytica methylated LINE-binding protein EhMLBP provides protection against heat shock.	Adaptation to environmental stress is a key process that allows the unicellular parasite Entamoeba histolytica to survive in its human host. We previously characterized EhMLBP as an essential protein for the growth and the virulence of the parasite. EhMLBP binds to methylated repetitive DNA, and is one of the core proteins of the parasite's epigenetic machinery. Here, we show that EhMLBP and heat shock proteins have common properties. EhMLBP is induced by heat shock and its expression is regulat ...	2012	21899705
a novel entamoeba histolytica inositol phosphate kinase catalyzes the formation of 5pp-ins(1,2,3,4,6)p(5).	the parasitic protozoan entamoeba histolytica is able to invade human tissues by secreting proteolytic enzymes. this secretion is regulated by inositol phosphate-mediated ca(2+) release from internal stores. to further investigate the inositol phosphate metabolism of entamoeba histolytica four putative inositol phosphate kinase genes (ehipk1-4) were identified and their expression analyzed by real-time quantitative pcr using rna of trophozoites. furthermore inositol phosphate kinase ehipk1 was r ...	2012	22001062
entamoeba histolytica induces intestinal cathelicidins but is resistant to cathelicidin-mediated killing.	the enteric protozoan parasite entamoeba histolytica is the cause of potentially fatal amebic colitis and liver abscesses. e. histolytica trophozoites colonize the colon, where they induce inflammation, penetrate the mucosa, and disrupt the host immune system. the early establishment of e. histolytica in the colon occurs in the presence of antimicrobial human (ll-37) and murine (cramp [cathelin-related antimicrobial peptide]) cathelicidins, essential components of the mammalian innate defense sy ...	2012	22083705
a study on parasites in mexican rheumatic disease patients.	blastocystis hominis is a common human parasite with infection rates up to 50% in developing countries, and giardiasis is the commonest intestinal one in mexico. no doubt, various parasites as giardia lamblia and entamoeba histolytica can cause rheumatic diseases. this study coproparasitoscopic analysis evaluated the cysts by b. hominis, g. lamblia, e. hartmani, e. coli and e. histolytica in mexican rheumatic disease patients. also, elisa was used to detect e. histolytica, ascaris lumbricoides, ...	2012	23214207
survey of nasal carriage of staphylococcus aureus and intestinal parasites among food handlers working at gondar university, northwest ethiopia.	food borne disease are major health problems in developing countries like ethiopia. food handlers with poor personal hygiene working in food establishments could be potential sources of disease due to pathogenic organisms. however; information on disease prevalence among food handlers working in university of gondar cafeterias are very scarce. the aim of this study is to assess the prevalence of nasal carriage of staphylococcus aureus, their drug resistance pattern and prevalence of intestinal p ...	2012	23031414
detection of selected intestinal helminths and protozoa at hospital universiti sains malaysia using multiplex real-time pcr.	intestinal parasites are the causative agents of a number of important human infections in developing countries. the objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of selected helminths and protozoan infections among patients admitted with gastrointestinal disorders at hospital universiti sains malaysia, kelantan, malaysia using multiplex real-time pcr. in addition microscopic examination was also performed following direct smear, zinc sulphate concentration and kato-katz thick smear te ...	2012	23018507
[the distribution of intestinal parasites in people admitted to the yüzüncü yıl university parasitology laboratory of health research and training hospital, in 2009].	this study was performed to present the distribution of intestinal parasites in parients admitted to the parasitology laboratory of the health research and training hospital of yüzüncü yıl university in 2009.	2012	22801916
determining the prevalence of intestinal parasites in three orang asli (aborigines) communities in perak, malaysia.	this study was conducted to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasites among children and adult orang aslis (aborigines) from different locations in perak. faecal samples were collected and analyzed using the direct smear and formal ether sedimentation technique. some of the faecal samples were stained using the modified acid fast stain for cryptosporidium. nail clippings of the respondents and the soil around their habitat were also analyzed. of the 77 stool samples examined, 39 (50.6%) w ...	2012	22735840
cockroaches and flies in mechanical transmission of medical important parasites in khaldyia village, el-fayoum, governorate, egypt.	the role of non-blood sucking insects in dissemination of human parasites was investigated in khaldyia village, al-fayoum governorate over during the summer of 2011. a total of 278 american cockroach (periplaneta americana), and 508 house flies musca domestica var. vicina were collected. the insects were collected indoors and outdoors. flies were abundant in defecation areas and around houses. the recovered zoonotic parasites identified were cysts of entamoeba histolytica cryptosporidium parvum ...	2012	22662605
diagnosis of soil-transmitted helminthiasis in an amazonic community of peru using multiple diagnostic techniques.	an observational descriptive study was conducted in a shipibo-conibo/ese'eja community of the rainforest in peru to compare the kato-katz method and the spontaneous sedimentation in tube technique (sstt) for the diagnosis of intestinal parasites as well as to report the prevalence of soil-transmitted helminth (sth) infections in this area. a total of 73 stool samples were collected and analysed by several parasitological techniques, including kato-katz, sstt, modified baermann technique (mbt), a ...	2012	22515992
a comparative study of the tf-test®, kato-katz, hoffman-pons-janer, willis and baermann-moraes coprologic methods for the detection of human parasitosis.	this study compares the diagnostic accuracy of the tf-test(®) (tft) for human parasitosis with results obtained using the traditional kato-katz (kk), hoffman-pons-janer (hpj), willis and baermann-moraes (bm) techniques. overall, four stool samples were taken from each individual; three alternate-day tft stool samples and another sample that was collected in a universal container. stool samples were taken from 331 inhabitants of the community of quilombola santa cruz. the gold standard (gs) for p ...	2012	22310539
finding the smoking gun: protein tyrosine phosphatases as tools and targets of unicellular microorganisms and viruses.	protein tyrosine phosphatases (ptps) are increasingly recognized as important effectors of host-pathogen interactions. since guan and dixon reported in 1990 that phosphatase yoph serves as an essential virulence determinant of yersinia, the field shifted significantly forward, and dozens of ptps were identified in various microorganisms and even in viruses. the discovery of extensive tyrosine signaling networks in non-metazoan organisms refuted the moth-eaten paradigm claiming that these organis ...	2012	22360485
the narrow active-site cleft of o-acetylserine sulfhydrylase from leishmania donovani allows complex formation with serine acetyltransferases with a range of c-terminal sequences.	cysteine is a crucial substrate for the synthesis of glutathione and trypanothione, which in turn maintain intracellular redox homeostasis and defend against oxidative stress in the pathogen leishmania donovani. here, the identification, sequencing, characterization and crystal structure at 1.79 å resolution of o-acetylserine sulfhydrylase (oass), a cysteine-biosynthetic pathway enzyme from l. donovani (ldoass), are reported. it shows binding to the serine acetyltransferase (sat) c-terminal pept ...	2012	22868756
opportunistic parasites among immunosuppressed children in minia district, egypt.	a total of 450 stool samples were collected from inpatient and outpatient clinics of pediatric department, minia university hospital, minia district, egypt. two groups of patients were studied, including 200 immunosuppressed and 250 immunocompetent children. stool samples were subjected to wet saline and iodine mounts. a concentration technique (formol-ether sedimentation method) was carried out for stool samples diagnosed negative by wet saline and iodine mounts. samples were stained by 2 diffe ...	2012	22451735
benign ulcer of the right colon clinically misdiagnosed as carcinoma: an additional case.	benign solitary ulcer of the colon is an uncommon lesion that was originally described by cruveilhier in 1832. its aetiology remains unknown, and there are no pathognomonic lesions or symptoms. diagnosis is made by exclusion; in fact, diseases such as specific infections (cytomegalovirus, campylobacter jejuni, entamoeba histolytica), common clinical conditions (acute appendicitis, diverticulitis, intestinal obstruction, inflammatory bowel disease), pharmacotherapy (non-steroidal anti-inflammator ...	2012	22799054
prevalence of intestinal and blood parasites among wild rats in kuala lumpur, malaysia.	a survey was undertaken to investigate the prevalence of intestinal and blood parasites among wild rats in urban area of kuala lumpur, malaysia. a total of 137 stool and blood samples were collected from wild rats from sentul and chow kit areas. five species of rats were captured and supplied by kuala lumpur city hall. the most common was rattus rattus diardii (malayan black rat), 67%, followed by rattus norvegicus (norway rat), 10%, rattus argentiventer (rice-field rat), 10%, rattus tiomanicus ...	2012	23202599
prevalence of parasites in patients with gastroenteritis at east of mazandaran province, northern iran.	parasitic gastrointestinal infections are one of the most important health problems in the developing countries, which lead to the onset of intestinal disease particularly diarrhoea. due to the particular geographic situation in the mazandaran province, individuals are infected with various intestinal parasites. the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence rate of enteropathogenic parasites in the patients with gastroenteritis living at the east of mazandaran province (sari, nekah and j ...	2012	23202601
prevalence of intestinal parasites in hiv-positive patients on the island of bioko, equatorial guinea: its relation to sanitary conditions and socioeconomic factors.	the prevalence of intestinal parasitic diseases and their associated factors has been investigated in hiv populations from the island of bioko, equatorial guinea. the feces of 310 participants from the island of bioko (260 hiv-positive and 50 hiv-negative) were analyzed by microscopic observation. immunochromatography was also used to diagnose giardia, entamoeba histolytica and cryptosporidium spp. in addition, patients were asked for sociodemographic, economic and academic status, and cd4+ t ce ...	2012	22771815
maximising the potential of voluntary counselling and testing for hiv: sexually transmitted infections and hiv epidemiology in a population testing for hiv and its implications for practice.	this study aimed to describe the epidemiology of hiv infection and sexually transmitted infections (stis) among persons who attended voluntary counselling and testing (vct) service for hiv and to assess whether the vct programme reached the right population at risk in taiwan.	2012	22717470
[infection frequency in patients with chronic idiopathic ulcerative colitis].	ulcerative colitis (uc) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease characterized by diffuse inflammation of the mucosa of the colon. up to now, diverse observational studies have implicated a wide variety of pathogenic microorganisms as causal and exacerbating factors in uc. clostridium difficile (c. difficile) infection has been associated with recurrence and treatment failure and its incidence in patients with uc has been on the rise in the last few years.	2012	23159238
clostridium difficile and entamoeba histolytica infections in patients with colitis in the philippines.	amoebiasis is a common cause of non-specific colitis in the philippines. the prevalence of clostridium difficile infection with colitis is unknown. empiric use of metronidazole for colitis treatment is widely practiced. we investigated the association of c. difficile or entamoeba histolytica infection with endoscopically/histopathologically proven colitis among adults in the philippines. two hundred and ten patients undergoing colonoscopy were enrolled. demographic and clinical data were reviewe ...	2012	22657531
novel transmembrane receptor involved in phagosome transport of lysozymes and β-hexosaminidase in the enteric protozoan entamoeba histolytica.	lysozymes and hexosaminidases are ubiquitous hydrolases in bacteria and eukaryotes. in phagocytic lower eukaryotes and professional phagocytes from higher eukaryotes, they are involved in the degradation of ingested bacteria in phagosomes. in entamoeba histolytica, which is the intestinal protozoan parasite that causes amoebiasis, phagocytosis plays a pivotal role in the nutrient acquisition and the evasion from the host defense systems. while the content of phagosomes and biochemical and physio ...	2012	22383874
parasitic causes of prolonged diarrhoea in travellers - diagnosis and management.	prolonged infectious diarrhoea in the returning traveller is generally caused by protozoal and occasionally by helminth parasites.	2012	23210100
comparison of the triage micro parasite panel and microscopy for the detection of entamoeba histolytica/entamoeba dispar, giardia lamblia, and cryptosporidium parvum in stool samples collected in kenya.	entamoeba histolytica, giardia lamblia, and cryptosporidium parvum are three of the most important parasitic causes of acute diarrhea worldwide. laboratory diagnosis of these parasites is usually done by ova and parasite examination (o&p examination) via microscopy. the sensitivity and specificity of o&p examination varies among laboratories and can be labor intensive and time consuming. the triage micro parasite panel (biosite, san diego, california) is an enzyme immunoassay kit that can detect ...	2012	22848229
a toll/il-1r/resistance domain-containing thioredoxin regulates phagocytosis in entamoeba histolytica.	entamoeba histolytica is a protozoan parasite that infects humans and causes amebiasis affecting developing countries. phagocytosis of epithelial cells, erythrocytes, leucocytes, and commensal microbiota bacteria is a major pathogenic mechanism used by this parasite. a toll/il-1r/resistance (tir) domain-containing protein is required in phagocytosis in the social ameba dictyostelium discoideum, an ameba closely related to entamoeba histolytica in phylogeny. in insects and vertebrates, tir domain ...	2012	23043976
[the distribution of intestinal parasites detected in the uludag university medical faculty hospital between 2009-2010].	intestinal parasite infection is still an important public health problem. in this study, patients with various gastrointestinal system complaints presenting at various clinics of the uludag university medical faculty, between 2009-2010 were investigated for intestinal parasites.	2012	22450916
Amoebic liver abscess production by Entamoeba dispar.	Although Entamoeba dispar displays a similar morphology to Entamoeba histolytica, cellular and molecular studies have revealed significant differences between these two amoebae, including the former being characterized as non-pathogenic and the later as pathogenic. However, recent in vivo and in vitro experiments have shown that E. dispar strains of different origin are capable of causing liver damage and destroying cell culture lines in the presence of common intestinal bacter ...	2012	22166569
diagnostic microbiologic methods in the gems-1 case/control study.	to understand the etiology of moderate-to-severe diarrhea among children in high mortality areas of sub-saharan africa and south asia, we performed a comprehensive case/control study of children aged <5 years at 7 sites. each site employed an identical case/control study design and each utilized a uniform comprehensive set of microbiological assays to identify the likely bacterial, viral and protozoal etiologies. the selected assays effected a balanced consideration of cost, robustness and perfo ...	2012	23169941
case-control study of the etiology of infant diarrheal disease in 14 districts in madagascar.	acute diarrhea is a major cause of childhood morbidity and mortality worldwide. its microbiological causes and clinico-epidemiological aspects were examined during the rainy seasons from 2008 to 2009 in 14 districts in madagascar.	2012	23028555
the patient presenting with acute dysentery - a systematic review.	objectives: the etiologies, clinical presentations and diagnosis of acute pathogen-specific dysentery in children and adults in industrialized and developing regions is described to help develop recommendations for therapy. methods: we conducted a systematic review of literature published between january 2000 and june 2011 to determine the frequency of occurrence of pathogen-specific dysentery. results: shigella, salmonella, and campylobacter remain the most frequent bacterial causes of dysenter ...	2012	22266388
a parasitological survey of natural water springs and inhabitants of a tourist city in southeastern brazil.	abstract the goals of this study were to investigate the occurrence of cryptosporidium oocysts and giardia cysts in main springs of campos do jordão, an important tourist city, in brazil and to gather the largest amount of parasitological data from autochthonous population that live in rural areas of this city. the membrane filtration technique followed by direct immunofluorescence assay was employed for concentration and visualization of waterborne protozoa. in the period between june 2003 an ...	2012	22217166
evaluation of an immunochromatographic dip strip test for simultaneous detection of cryptosporidium spp, giardia duodenalis, and entamoeba histolytica antigens in human faecal samples.	immunochromatographic (ic) tests may play an important role in the future diagnosis of parasitic diseases because of their speed and simplicity of use. a recently developed test to detect cryptosporidium spp, giardia duodenalis and entamoeba histolytica was evaluated. microscopy and pcr were the "gold standard" reference techniques and the results of this ic test were compared with those obtained with elisa and ic single test for the three parasites. one hundred sixty stool samples were assayed. ...	2012	22262367
oxidative stress resistance genes contribute to the pathogenic potential of the anaerobic protozoan parasite, entamoeba histolytica.	the protozoan parasite, entamoeba histolytica, invades the host colon causing significant tissue destruction and inflammation. upon host infection, the parasite is confronted with reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ros/rns) that cause large-scale changes in gene expression profiles, which likely support the parasite's adaptation to the host environment. we have previously identified oxidative and nitrosative stress responsive genes using whole-genome expression profiling. functional studies o ...	2012	23009748
entamoeba moshkovskii is associated with diarrhea in infants and causes diarrhea and colitis in mice.	entamoeba moshkovskii is prevalent in developing countries and morphologically indistinguishable from pathogenic entamoeba histolytica and nonpathogenic entamoeba dispar. it is not known if e. moshkovskii is pathogenic.	2012	22723640
structure-function relationships of human milk oligosaccharides.	human milk contains more than a hundred structurally distinct oligosaccharides. in this review, we provide examples of how the structural characteristics of these human milk oligosaccharides (hmo) determine functionality. specific α1-2-fucosylated hmo have been shown to serve as antiadhesive antimicrobials to protect the breast-fed infant against infections with campylobacter jejuni, one of the most common causes of bacterial diarrhea. in contrast, α1-2-fucosylation may abolish the beneficial ef ...	2012	22585916
evaluation of antigen detection and polymerase chain reaction for diagnosis of amoebic liver abscess in patients on anti-amoebic treatment.	diagnosis of amoebic liver abscess (ala) in patients on anti-amoebic drugs is difficult. there is scanty data on this issue using entamoeba histolytica (e. histolytica) lectin antigen and polymerase chain reaction (pcr). we studied utility of lectin antigen, pcr, and igg antibody in diagnosis of liver abscess in patients on anti-amoebic treatment. liver aspirate of 200 patients, of which 170 had anti-amoebic drug prior to drainage, was tested for e. histolytica lectin antigen by (elisa), pcr, ba ...	2012	22870930
amebic liver abscess complicated by inferior vena cava thrombosis: a case report.	amebic liver abscess is the most common extraintestinal manifestation of infection with entamoeba histolytica. it is a common disease, especially in endemic areas, but it is a rare cause of inferior vena cava (ivc) obstruction, with only a few cases appearing in the literature. the authors describe a case of amebic liver abscess in a patient who developed a rare vascular complication of inferior vena cava thrombosis. the case responded to conservative treatment and radiological intervention.	2012	23770872
prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections in certified food-handlers working in food establishments in the city of nairobi, kenya.	most intestinal parasites are cosmopolitan with the highest prevalence in the tropics and subtopics. rural-to-urban migration rapidly increases the number of food eating places in towns and their environs. some of these eating estabishments have poor sanitation and are overcrowded, facilitating disease transmission, especially through food-handling. our investigations in nairobi, therefore, were set to determine the presence of intestinal parasites in food-handlers with valid medical certificate ...	2012	23554735
nested pcr reveals elevated over-diagnosis of e. histolytica in barcelona, venezuela.	the aim of this study was to identify the presence of entamoeba histolytica and e. dispar by nested pcr in children attending the "dr. luis razetti" hospital, barcelona, anzoátegui state. of the 1,141 fecal samples coproparasitologically evaluated by conventional microscopy, 150 were diagnosed positive for e. histolytica in 0-10 year-old-children, of both sexes. the signs, symptoms and a full coproparasitological report were obtained from all of these and nested pcr was performed to identify e. ...	2012	23513487
epidemiological analysis of eosinophilia and elevation of immunoglobulin e as a predictable and relative risk of enteroparasitosis.	among the intestinal parasites, the helminthiasis occupies a prominent position in brazil, since it worsens malnutrition and the gives rise to neurovegetative disorders. helminths like ascaris lumbricoides, enterobius vermicularis, hookworm, trichuris trichiura and strongyloides stercoralis stand out due to several factors that modulate the immune response of individuals. among the protozoa are giardia lamblia, entamoeba histolytica. e. dispar. parasitic helminth antigens are important to stimul ...	2012	23444622
[second national survey of intestinal parasitic infections in cuba, 2009].	the intestinal parasitic infections are still endemic in cuba, with a higher frequency in rural and mountain regions. twenty five years after the last national survey, it deemed necessary to carry out a new national survey in order to know the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections and to compare the obtained results between both studies. that knowledge would be valuable to work out strategies of health and to design a control program for intestinal parasitic infections in cuba.	2012	23444621
the incidence of feco-oral parasites in street-food vendors in buea, south-west region cameroon.	the street-food industry lacks legal recognition, it operates in unstable and precarious conditions, involving women and men with minimal or no knowledge of hygienic food handling practices. infective eggs, bacteria, toxins and cysts of faecal orally transmissible parasites are common agents responsible for food contamination in developing countries.	2012	23382755
[comparison of individual differences in the direct microscopic examination in the diagnosis of intestinal parasites].	the aim is to emphasise the importance for intestinal parasites' diagnosis by direct microscopic examination and the discrepancies among results from different microscopists.	2012	23339941
prevalence of intestinal parasites among hiv patients in baringo, kenya.	hiv patients have reduced immune response which makes them more susceptible to different infections. this cross-sectional study was carried out to document the prevalence of intestinal parasites among hiv patients in baringo county, kenya.	2012	23330028
clinical and microbiological profile of hiv/aids cases with diarrhea in north india.	intestinal infections are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in people living with hiv/aids (plwha) especially in developing countries. the present study was conducted to assess the clinical and microbiological spectrum in hiv/aids cases with diarrhea and to correlate the occurrence of such pathogens with stool characters, hiv seropositivity status, and cd4 counts. stools from 154 hiv seropositive subjects and 50 hiv negative controls were examined by direct microscopy, fecal culture ...	2012	23326669
the calmodulin-like calcium binding protein ehcabp3 of entamoeba histolytica regulates phagocytosis and is involved in actin dynamics.	phagocytosis is required for proliferation and pathogenesis of entamoeba histolytica and erythrophagocytosis is considered to be a marker of invasive amoebiasis. ca²⁺ has been found to play a central role in the process of phagocytosis. however, the molecular mechanisms and the signalling mediated by ca²⁺ still remain largely unknown. here we show that calmodulin-like calcium binding protein ehcabp3 of e. histolytica is directly involved in disease pathomechanism by its capacity to participate i ...	2012	23300437
intestinal protozoan parasitic infection among school children.	intestinal protozoan parasitosis is highly prevalent among general population, majority of them are children. the objective of the study is to find out the prevalence of intestinal protozoan infection in school children of sindhuli.	2012	23281452
effect of antimicrobial peptides derived from human cathelicidin ll-37 on entamoeba histolytica trophozoites.	the human cathelicidin hcap18/ll-37 is an antimicrobial protein consisting of a conserved n-terminal prosequence called the cathelin-like domain and a c-terminal peptide called ll-37. this peptide contains 37 amino acid residues, and several truncated variants obtained from natural sources or by chemical synthesis differ in their capability to damage gram positive and gram negative bacteria as well as candida albicans. kr-12 is the shortest peptide (12 amino acids) of ll-37 that has conserved an ...	2012	23274811
entamoeba histolytica: the over expression of a mutated ehrabb protein produces a decrease of in vitro and in vivo virulence.	vesicular trafficking, which is implicated in secretion of cytolytic molecules as well as in phagocytosis, plays an important role in the pathogenic mechanism of entamoeba histolytica, the protozoan parasite causative of human amoebiasis. thus, rab gtpases, that are key regulators of vesicle trafficking, should be considered as molecules involved in the parasite virulence. ehrabb is a rab protein located in cytoplasmic vesicles that are translocated to phagocytic mouths during ingestion of targe ...	2012	23268174
the entamoeba histolytica serum-inducible transmembrane kinase ehtmkb1-9 is involved in intestinal amebiasis.	entamoeba histolytica possesses a family of approximately 100 putative transmembrane kinases (tmks), indicating that the parasite has an extensive means of environmental sensing. the tmks have been divided into nine sub-groups based on the sequence composition of their intracellular kinase as well as extracellular cysteine-rich domains. ehtmkb1-9 has been recently shown to be expressed in proliferating trophozoites and induced by serum. interference with ehtmkb1-9 by antisense rna knockdown or e ...	2012	23267432
amoebic toxic colitis: analysis of factors related to mortality.	toxic or fulminant colitis due to entamoeba histolytica infrequently presents but is very serious. unfortunately, there are numerous contradictory factors related to mortality.	2012	23265426
giant liver abscess with bilateral pleural effusion: an unfamiliar association.	amoebic liver abscess is a common problem in tropical countries. however, its protean manifestations sometimes pose diagnostic dilemma leading to delay in starting appropriate therapy. we report here one interesting case of an amoebic liver abscess where the patient developed some uncommon features like bilateral pedal edema and bilateral pleural effusion. although unilateral effusion is well known in such patients, the cause of bilateral involvement of pleura in this patient remained largely un ...	2012	23767022
Molecular and functional characterization of an Entamoeba histolytica protein (EhMLCI) with features of a myosin essential light chain.	Entamoeba histolytica, a protozoan parasite of humans, relays on its striking motility to survive and invade host tissues. Characterization of the molecular components involved in motile processes is crucial to understand its pathogenicity. Although protein components of myosin II hexamers have been predicted from E. histolytica genome data, only a heavy chain of myosin, EhmhcA, has been characterized so far. We have cloned an E. histolytica cDNA sequence that best matched Dictyostelium discoide ...	2012	21963788
Iron-saturated lactoferrin and pathogenic protozoa: could this protein be an iron source for their parasitic style of life?	Iron is an essential nutrient for the survival of pathogens inside a host. As a general strategy against microbes, mammals have evolved complex iron-withholding systems for efficiently decreasing the iron accessible to invaders. Pathogens that inhabit the respiratory, intestinal and genitourinary tracts encounter an iron-deficient environment on the mucosal surface, where ferric iron is chelated by lactoferrin, an extracellular glycoprotein of the innate immune system. However, parasitic protozo ...	2012	22191452
Contribution of enteric infection, altered intestinal barrier function, and maternal malnutrition to infant malnutrition in bangladesh.	Background. Malnourished children are at increased risk for death due to diarrhea. Our goal was to determine the contribution of specific enteric infections to malnutrition-associated diarrhea and to determine the role of enteric infections in the development of malnutrition. Methods. Children from an urban slum in Bangladesh were followed for the first year of life by every-other-day home visits. Enteropathogens were identified in diarrheal and monthly surveillance stools; intestinal barrier fu ...	2012	22109945
acute diarrhea among military recruits.	there is a considerable amount of speculations concerning the presence of symptoms mainly diarrhea in various bacterial and parasitic infections. among a youth group with acute diarrhea, many bacterial and parasitic diseases were detected. the bacterial causes were campylobacter jejuni, shigella sp. entero-toxigenic, escherichia coli, salmonella sp. and aeromonas hydrophila. the parasitic causes were cryptosporidium parvum, entamoeba histolytica, giardia lamblia and strongyloides stercoralis. ma ...	2012	23214210
intestinal parasitic infection in bhil tribe of rajasthan, india.	a total of 224 bhil tribal individuals (115 males and 109 females) of different age groups inhabiting tribal rural areas of udaipur district of rajasthan, india were investigated for the prevalence of intestinal parasitic (protozoan and helminths) infections. fresh stool samples of these tribal subjects were examined microscopically by direct wet smear with saline and 1 % lugol's iodine and formaline ether concentration. of these 116 (51.78 %) were found to be infected with diverse species of in ...	2012	24082517
prevalence of intestinal parasitosis among school children in baglung districts of western nepal.	this study was carried out to estimate the prevalence of intestinal parasites among school-going children of the baglung municipality from december 2010 to january 2011.	2012	22971852
prevalence and risk factors associated with entamoeba histolytica/dispar/moshkovskii infection among three orang asli ethnic groups in malaysia.	entamoeba histolytica/entamoeba dispar/entamoeba moshkovskii infection is still prevalent in rural malaysia especially among orang asli communities. currently, information on prevalence of this infection among different ethnic groups of orang asli is unavailable in malaysia. to contribute to a better comprehension of the epidemiology of this infection, a cross-sectional study aimed at providing the first documented data on the prevalence and risk factors associated with e. histolytica/e. dispar/ ...	2012	23133561
molecular epidemiology of amoebiasis in malaysia: highlighting the different risk factors of entamoeba histolytica and entamoeba dispar infections among orang asli communities.	currently, species-specific information on entamoeba infections is unavailable in malaysia and is restricted worldwide due to the re-description of pathogenic entamoeba histolytica and non-pathogenic entamoeba dispar and entamoeba moshkovskii. therefore, this cross-sectional study was conducted to provide the first known documented data on the true prevalence of these three species in western malaysia using a molecular method. another aim of this study was to determine the association of potenti ...	2012	23123168
differentiating entamoeba histolytica, entamoeba dispar and entamoeba moshkovskii using nested polymerase chain reaction (pcr) in rural communities in malaysia.	in this study, a total of 426 human faecal samples were examined for the presence of entamoeba histolytica, entamoeba dispar, entamoeba moshkovskii infection via a combination of microscopic examination and nested polymerase chain reaction (pcr) targeting 16s ribosomal rna of entamoeba species.	2012	22947430
first molecular identification of entamoeba moshkovskii in malaysia.	entamoeba moshkovskii and entamoeba dispar are microscopically indistinguishable from the pathogenic species entamoeba histolytica. although sporadic cases of human infection with e. moshkovskii have been reported, the amoeba is still considered primarily as a free-living amoeba. a cross-sectional study was carried out among orang asli communities in 3 different states of peninsular malaysia. fecal samples were examined by formalin-ether sedimentation and trichrome staining techniques and then s ...	2012	22939193
[differentiation of entamoeba histolytica from entamoeba dispar using gal/galnac-lectin and polymerase chain reaction].	entamoeba histolytica and entamoeba dispar are morphologically identical. however, the former is highly pathogenic and the latter is not.	2012	22854693
blastocystis spp., cryptosporidium spp., and entamoeba histolytica exhibit similar symptomatic and epidemiological patterns in healthcare-seeking patients in karachi.	in this study, we collected data on the incidence of enteric parasites in healthcare-seeking individuals along with their symptoms to quantify the potential roles of factors such as age, sex, and seasonality in infection. we performed analysis to identify factors which could help differentiate parasitic infection from other causes of gastrointestinal illness in a community. the size of the patient population (n = 339), patient selection methodology, collection methods, and statistical analysis f ...	2012	22763702
development of a thermostabilized, one-step, nested, tetraplex pcr assay for simultaneous identification and differentiation of entamoeba species, entamoeba histolytica and entamoeba dispar from stool samples.	entamoeba histolytica is the only entamoeba species that causes amoebiasis in humans. approximately 50 million people are infected, with 100, 000 deaths annually in endemic countries. molecular diagnosis of entamoeba histolytica is important to differentiate it from the morphologically identical entamoeba dispar to avoid unnecessary medication. conventional molecular diagnostic tests require trained personnel, cold-chain transportation and/or are storage-dependent, which make them user-unfriendl ...	2012	22556327
nonutility of routine testing of stool for ova and parasites in a tertiary care canadian centre.	in many clinical situations, stool examinations for ova and parasites (o&p) are routine in the work-up of patients with acute or chronic diarrhea. frequently, these tests are found to be negative for pathogens. the purpose of this study was to examine the diagnostic yield of routine stool testing for o&p in a canadian tertiary care centre and to estimate the potential clinical benefit of a positive result.	2012	22540249
control of entamoeba histolytica adherence involves metallosurface protease 1, an m8 family surface metalloprotease with homology to leishmanolysin.	invasive amebiasis due to entamoeba histolytica infection is an important cause of morbidity in developing countries. the e. histolytica genome contains two homologues to the metalloprotease leishmanolysin gene, entamoeba histolytica msp-1 (ehmsp-1) and ehmsp-2, while the commensal ameba entamoeba dispar has lost ehmsp-1. in this study, we sought to characterize e. histolytica metallosurface protease 1 (ehmsp-1). using immunoprecipitation and a model substrate, we found that ehmsp-1 was a functi ...	2012	22451519
differences in cap formation between invasive entamoeba histolytica and non-invasive entamoeba dispar.	the rapid redistribution of surface antigen-antibody complexes in trophozoites of the human protozoan parasite entamoeba histolytica, in a process known as capping, has been considered as a means of the parasite to evade the host immune response. so far, capping has been documented in the invasive e. histolytica, whereas the mobility of surface components in the non-invasive entamoeba dispar is not known. e. dispar does not induce liver lesions in rodent experimental models, in contrast to the l ...	2012	22278728
in silico analysis of ubiquitin/ubiquitin-like modifiers and their conjugating enzymes in entamoeba species.	covalent modification of proteins by ubiquitin (ub) and ubiquitin-like modifiers (ubls) regulates many cellular functions in eukaryotes. these modifications are likely to be associated with pathogenesis, growth, and development of many protozoan parasites but molecular details about this pathway are unavailable for most protozoa. this study presents an analysis of the ub pathway in three members of the entamoeba species. using bioinformatics tools we have identified all ub and ubl genes along wi ...	2012	22246365
entamoeba histolytica thioredoxin reductase: molecular and functional characterization of its atypical properties.	entamoeba histolytica, an intestinal protozoan that is the causative agent of amoebiasis, is exposed to elevated amounts of highly toxic reactive oxygen and nitrogen species during tissue invasion. thioredoxin reductase catalyzes the reversible transfer of reducing equivalents between nadph and thioredoxin, a small protein that plays key metabolic functions in maintaining the intracellular redox balance.	2012	22967759
microbiological and pharmacological evaluation of the micropropagated rubus liebmannii medicinal plant.	rubus liebmannii is an endemic species from mexico used in traditional medicine primarily to treat dysentery and cough. the in vitro activity against giardia lamblia and entamoeba histolytica that produces the ethanolic extract of the aerial parts of the plant led us to expand the pharmacological and phytochemical research of this species. gastrointestinal disorders including amebiasis remain one of the health problems that need to be addressed and it is of interest to find alternatives that imp ...	2012	22966243
is routine medical examination of food handlers enough to ensure food safety in hospitals?	nosocomial food outbreaks due to infected food handlers is primarily due to inadequate knowledge and faulty practices of food handlers during diarrhoeal episodes. the aim of this study was to assess: 1) prevalence of enteropathogen infection among food handlers working in our hospital during 2007 to 2011 and 2) adequacy of precautions taken by them during gastroenteritis episodes. stool samples submitted by food handlers during 2007 to 2011 were examined for the presence of enteropathogens by st ...	2012	25145060
sexually transmitted penile amoebiasis in iran: a case series.	four cases of penile amoebiasis (pa) presenting as genital ulceration seen among men who practiced unprotected insertive anal intercourse in tehran are described.	2012	22930345
intestinal parasitic infection among school children.	intestinal parasitosis is a major public health problem of developing countries, children being major victims. higher prevalence has been reported among school children, mostly in hilly regions of nepal. this study aims at assessing prevalence of intestinal parasitosis among school children of a school in a border town of nepal and the associated factors.	2012	22929631
[current pharmacotherapy of amebiasis, advances in new drugs, and design of a vaccine].	although many drugs destroy entamoeba histolytica within the colonic lumen, the number of tissue amebicides used to treat invasive amebiasis is still relatively limited. metronidazole (mtz), which is the drug of choice for invasive amebiasis, and other nitroimidazoles have greatly simplified the chemotherapy of this disease. however, eradication of e. histolytica infection after completion of mtz therapy requires additional treatment with luminal amebicides, such as paramomycin. after decades of ...	2012	23248973
a transposon-derived dna polymerase from entamoeba histolytica displays intrinsic strand displacement, processivity and lesion bypass.	entamoeba histolytica encodes four family b2 dna polymerases that vary in amino acid length from 813 to 1279. these dna polymerases contain a n-terminal domain with no homology to other proteins and a c-terminal domain with high amino acid identity to archetypical family b2 dna polymerases. a phylogenetic analysis indicates that these family b2 dna polymerases are grouped with dna polymerases from transposable elements dubbed polintons or mavericks. in this work, we report the cloning and bioche ...	2012	23226232
real-time pcr assay for rapid qualitative and quantitative detection of entamoeba histolytica.	simple real-time pcr assay with one set of primer and probe for rapid, sensitive qualitative and quantitative detection of entamoeba histolytica has been used. consensus sequences were used to amplify a species-specific region of the 16s rrna gene, and fluorescence resonance energy transfer hybridization probes were used for detection in a lightcycler platform (roche). the anchor probe sequence was designed to be a perfect match for the 16s rrna gene of entamoeba species, while the acceptor prob ...	2012	23195553