Publications

rice fertilization-independent endosperm1 regulates seed size under heat stress by controlling early endosperm development.	although heat stress reduces seed size in rice (oryza sativa), little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying the observed reduction in seed size and yield. to elucidate the mechanistic basis of heat sensitivity and reduced seed size, we imposed a moderate (34°c) and a high (42°c) heat stress treatment on developing rice seeds during the postfertilization stage. both stress treatments reduced the final seed size. at a cellular level, the moderate heat stress resulted in precocious end ...	2014	24590858
two rice authentic histidine phosphotransfer proteins, osahp1 and osahp2, mediate cytokinin signaling and stress responses in rice.	cytokinin plays an important role in plant development and stress tolerance. studies of arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana) have demonstrated that cytokinin acts through a two-component system that includes a histidine (his) kinase, a his phosphotransfer protein (hp), and a response regulator. phylogenetic analyses have revealed the conservation of his kinases but lineage-specific expansion of hps and response regulators in rice (oryza sativa). however, whether the functions of rice hps have dive ...	2014	24578505
genomic analysis of nac transcription factors in banana (musa acuminata) and definition of nac orthologous groups for monocots and dicots.	identifying the molecular mechanisms underlying tolerance to abiotic stresses is important in crop breeding. a comprehensive understanding of the gene families associated with drought tolerance is therefore highly relevant. nac transcription factors form a large plant-specific gene family involved in the regulation of tissue development and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. the main goal of this study was to set up a framework of orthologous groups determined by an expert sequence compar ...	2014	24570169
evolution of gene structural complexity: an alternative-splicing-based model accounts for intron-containing retrogenes.	the structure of eukaryotic genes evolves extensively by intron loss or gain. previous studies have revealed two models for gene structure evolution through the loss of introns: rna-based gene conversion, dubbed the fink model and retroposition model. however, retrogenes that experienced both intron loss and intron-retaining events have been ignored; evolutionary processes responsible for the variation in complex exon-intron structure were unknown. we detected hundreds of retroduplication-derive ...	2014	24520158
a positive feedback loop between heat shock protein101 and heat stress-associated 32-kd protein modulates long-term acquired thermotolerance illustrating diverse heat stress responses in rice varieties.	heat stress is an important factor that has a negative impact on rice (oryza sativa) production. to alleviate this problem, it is necessary to extensively understand the genetic basis of heat tolerance and adaptability to heat stress in rice. here, we report the molecular mechanism underlying heat acclimation memory that confers long-term acquired thermotolerance (lat) in this monocot plant. our results showed that a positive feedback loop formed by two heat-inducible genes, heat shock protein10 ...	2014	24520156
integrated analysis of the effects of cold and dehydration on rice metabolites, phytohormones, and gene transcripts.	correlations between gene expression and metabolite/phytohormone levels under abiotic stress conditions have been reported for arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana). however, little is known about these correlations in rice (oryza sativa 'nipponbare'), despite its importance as a model monocot. we performed an integrated analysis to clarify the relationships among cold- and dehydration-responsive metabolites, phytohormones, and gene transcription in rice. an integrated analysis of metabolites and g ...	2014	24515831
origins and evolution of wuschel-related homeobox protein family in plant kingdom.	wuschel-related homeobox (wox) is a large group of transcription factors specifically found in plants. wox members contain the conserved homeodomain essential for plant development by regulating cell division and differentiation. however, the evolutionary relationship of wox members in plant kingdom remains to be elucidated. in this study, we searched 350 wox members from 50 species in plant kingdom. linkage analysis of wox protein sequences demonstrated that amino acid residues 141-145 and 153- ...	2014	24511289
molecular control of grass inflorescence development.	the grass family is one of the largest families in angiosperms and has evolved a characteristic inflorescence morphology, with complex branches and specialized spikelets. the origin and development of the highly divergent inflorescence architecture in grasses have recently received much attention. increasing evidence has revealed that numerous factors, such as transcription factors and plant hormones, play key roles in determining reproductive meristem fate and inflorescence patterning in grasse ...	2014	24471834
a selection strategy in plant transformation based on antisense oligodeoxynucleotide inhibition.	antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (asodn) inhibition was developed in the 1970s, and since then has been widely used in animal research. however, in plant biology, the method has had limited application because plant cell walls significantly block efficient uptake of asodn to plant cells. recently, we have found that asodn uptake is enhanced in a sugar solution. the method has promise for many applications, such as a rapid alternative to time-consuming transgenic studies, and high potential for stu ...	2014	24438514
trithorax group protein oryza sativa trithorax1 controls flowering time in rice via interaction with early heading date3.	trithorax group proteins are chromatin-remodeling factors that activate target gene expression by antagonistically functioning against the polycomb group. in arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana), arabidopsis trithorax protein1 (atx1) regulates flowering time and floral organ identity. here, we observed that suppression of oryza sativa trithorax1 (ostrx1), an ortholog of atx1, delayed flowering time in rice (oryza sativa). because the delay occurred only under long-day conditions, we evaluated the ...	2014	24420930
a novel rice cytochrome p450 gene, cyp72a31, confers tolerance to acetolactate synthase-inhibiting herbicides in rice and arabidopsis.	target-site and non-target-site herbicide tolerance are caused by the prevention of herbicide binding to the target enzyme and the reduction to a nonlethal dose of herbicide reaching the target enzyme, respectively. there is little information on the molecular mechanisms involved in non-target-site herbicide tolerance, although it poses the greater threat in the evolution of herbicide-resistant weeds and could potentially be useful for the production of herbicide-tolerant crops because it is oft ...	2014	24406793
della activity is required for successful pollen development in the columbia ecotype of arabidopsis.	excessive gibberellin (ga) signalling, mediated through the della proteins, has a negative impact on plant fertility. loss of della activity in the monocot rice (oryza sativa) causes complete male sterility, but not in the dicot model arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana) ecotype landsberg erecta (ler), in which della function has been studied most extensively, leading to the assumption that della activity is not essential for arabidopsis pollen development. a novel della fertility phenotype was id ...	2014	24400898
stress-inducible expression of atdreb1a transcription factor greatly improves drought stress tolerance in transgenic indica rice.	the cultivation of rice (oryza sativa l.), a major food crop, requires ample water (30 % of the fresh water available worldwide), and its productivity is greatly affected by drought, the most significant environmental factor. much research has focussed on identifying quantitative trait loci, stress-regulated genes and transcription factors that will contribute towards the development of climate-resilient/tolerant crop plants in general and rice in particular. the transcription factor dreb1a, ide ...	2014	24398893
profiling micrornas and their targets in an important fleshy fruit: tomato (solanum lycopersicum).	tomato (solanum lycopersicum) is an important and the most useful plant based diet. it is widely used for its antioxidant property. presently, only two digits, tomato micrornas (mirnas) are reported in mirbase: a mirna database. this study is aimed to profile and characterize more mirnas and their targets in tomato. a comprehensive comparative genomic approach is applied and a total of 109 new mirnas belonging to 106 families are identified and characterized from the tomato expressed sequence ta ...	2014	24315821
quantitative trait locus analysis of resistance to panicle blast in the rice cultivar miyazakimochi.	rice blast is a destructive disease caused by magnaporthe oryzae, and it has a large impact on rice production worldwide. compared with leaf blast resistance, our understanding of panicle blast resistance is limited, with only one panicle blast resistance gene, pb1, isolated so far. the japonica cultivar miyazakimochi shows resistance to panicle blast, yet the genetic components accounting for this resistance remain to be determined.	2014	24920970
genomewide survey and characterization of metacaspase gene family in rice (oryza sativa).	metacaspases (mcs), which are cysteine-dependent proteases found in plants, fungi, and protozoa, may be involved in programmed cell death processes, being distant relatives of metazoan caspases. in this study, we analysed the structures, phylogenetic relationship, genome localizations, expression patterns and domestic selections of eight mc genes identified in rice (osmc). alignment analysis of the corresponding protein sequences suggested osmc proteins can be classified into two subtypes. the e ...	2014	24840826
selection of optimized candidate reference genes for qrt-pcr normalization in rice (oryza sativa l.) during magnaporthe oryzae infection and drought.	drought and rice blast disease caused by magnaporthe oryzae are two of the most serious threats to global rice production. to explore the mechanisms underlying gene expression induced in rice by stresses, studies involving transcriptome analyses have been conducted over the past few years. thus, it is crucial to have a reliable set of reference genes to normalize the expression levels of rice genes affected by different stresses. to identify potential reference genes for studies of the different ...	2014	25501189
screening of a synthetic peptide combinatorial library to identify inhibitors of the appressorium formation in magnaporthe oryzae.	the rice blast disease caused by magnaporthe oryzae is one of the most devastating diseases of cultivated rice. one of the most important stages in the infective cycle of m. oryzae is the formation of the dome-shaped structure called appressorium. the purpose of the present study was to identify novel peptides to control the rice blast disease by blocking the appressorium formation through screening of a synthetic peptide combinatorial library. as result of the screening, a set of 29 putative bi ...	2014	25450357
early diagnosis of blast fungus, magnaporthe oryzae, in rice plant by using an ultra-sensitive electrically magnetic-controllable electrochemical biosensor.	as one of the most destructive and widespread disease of rice, magnaporthe oryzae (also called magnaporthe grisea) has a significant negative impact on rice production. therefore, it is still in high demand to develop extremely sensitive and accurate methods for the early diagnosis of magnaporthe oryzae (m. oryzae). in this study, we developed a novel magnetic-controllable electrochemical biosensor for the ultra sensitive and specific detection of m. oryzae in rice plant by using m. oryzae's chi ...	2014	25441164
transcriptional behavior of eul-related rice lectins toward important abiotic and biotic stresses.	the rice genome encodes several genes for putative carbohydrate-binding proteins belonging to the family of euonymus related lectins (euls). this lectin family was discovered recently and evidence shows that the expression of these proteins is subject to multiple environmental stresses. in this study, quantitative reverse transcription pcr (qrt-pcr) was conducted on rice seedlings exposed to various abiotic (150mm nacl, 100mm mannitol, and 100μm abscisic acid (aba)) and biotic (xanthomonas oryza ...	2014	24974324
novel insights into rice innate immunity against bacterial and fungal pathogens.	rice feeds more than half of the world's population. rice blast, caused by the fungal pathogen magnaporthe oryzae, and bacterial blight, caused by the bacterial pathogen xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, are major constraints to rice production worldwide. genome sequencing and extensive molecular analysis has led to the identification of many new pathogen-associated molecular patterns (pamps) and avirulence and virulence effectors in both pathogens, as well as effector targets and receptors in the ...	2014	24906128
high-resolution genetic mapping of rice bacterial blight resistance gene xa23.	bacterial blight (bb) caused by xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (xoo) is the most devastating bacterial disease of rice (oryza sativa l.), a staple food crop that feeds half of the world's population. in management of this disease, the most economical and effective approach is cultivating resistant varieties. due to rapid change of pathogenicity in the pathogen, it is necessary to identify and characterize more host resistance genes for breeding new resistant varieties. we have previously identifi ...	2014	24715026
rice ospad4 functions differently from arabidopsis atpad4 in host-pathogen interactions.	the extensively studied arabidopsis phytoalexin deficient 4 (atpad4) gene plays an important role in arabidopsis disease resistance; however, the function of its sequence ortholog in rice is unknown. here, we show that rice ospad4 appears not to be the functional ortholog of atpad4 in host-pathogen interactions, and that the ospad4 encodes a plasma membrane protein but that atpad4 encodes a cytoplasmic and nuclear protein. suppression of ospad4 by rna interference (rnai) increased rice susceptib ...	2014	24617729
suppression of expression of the putative receptor-like kinase gene nrrb enhances resistance to bacterial leaf streak in rice.	bacterial leaf streak (bls) caused by xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola (xoc) is an important disease of rice, which is responsible for the economic losses worldwide. functional investigation of differentially expressed protein genes (depgs) from rice (oryza sativa l.) upon xoc infection provides insight into the molecular mechanism of rice-xoc interactions. here, we show that one of depgs designated nrrb plays a role in rice-xoc interactions. nrrb, a receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase gene was pre ...	2014	24420860
genome subtraction for the identification of potential antimicrobial targets in xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae pxo99a pathogenic to rice.	in pathogenic bacteria, identification of essential proteins which are non-homologous to the host plants represents potential antimicrobial targets. we applied subtractive genomics approach for the identification of novel antimicrobial targets in xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae pxo99a, the causative agent of bacterial blight in rice. comparative analysis was performed through blast available with the ncbi. the analysis revealed that 27 essential protein sequences out of 4,988 sequences of x. oryza ...	2014	28324466
transgenic tobacco plants overexpressing a grass ppexp1 gene exhibit enhanced tolerance to heat stress.	heat stress is a detrimental abiotic stress limiting the growth of many plant species and is associated with various cellular and physiological damages. expansins are a family of proteins which are known to play roles in regulating cell wall elongation and expansion, as well as other growth and developmental processes. the in vitro roles of expansins regulating plant heat tolerance are not well understood. the objectives of this study were to isolate and clone an expansin gene in a perennial gra ...	2014	25003197
overexpression of a calcium-dependent protein kinase confers salt and drought tolerance in rice by preventing membrane lipid peroxidation.	the oscpk4 gene is a member of the complex gene family of calcium-dependent protein kinases in rice (oryza sativa). here, we report that oscpk4 expression is induced by high salinity, drought, and the phytohormone abscisic acid. moreover, a plasma membrane localization of oscpk4 was observed by transient expression assays of green fluorescent protein-tagged oscpk4 in onion (allium cepa) epidermal cells. overexpression of oscpk4 in rice plants significantly enhances tolerance to salt and drought ...	2014	24784760
mutation of a major cg methylase in rice causes genome-wide hypomethylation, dysregulated genome expression, and seedling lethality.	cytosine methylation at cg sites ((m)cg) plays critical roles in development, epigenetic inheritance, and genome stability in mammals and plants. in the dicot model plant arabidopsis thaliana, methyltransferase 1 (met1), a principal cg methylase, functions to maintain (m)cg during dna replication, with its null mutation resulting in global hypomethylation and pleiotropic developmental defects. null mutation of a critical cg methylase has not been characterized at a whole-genome level in other hi ...	2014	25002488
rice mtn3/saliva/sweet gene family: evolution, expression profiling, and sugar transport.	the rice mtn3/saliva/sweet gene family consists of 21 paralogs. however, their functions in physiological processes are largely unknown, although at least three of the 21 paralogs are used by pathogenic bacteria to infect rice. here, we report the evolutionary features, transcriptional characteristics, and putative functions in sugar transport of this gene family. the wild rice accessions in this study included those with aa, bb, cc, bbcc, ccdd, ee, and gg genomes, which appeared approximately 0 ...	2014	24456138
the pleiotropic sepallata-like gene osmads34 reveals that the 'empty glumes' of rice (oryza sativa) spikelets are in fact rudimentary lemmas.	the single floret of the rice (oryza sativa) spikelet is subtended by a pair of enigmatic organs usually termed 'empty glumes' or 'sterile lemmas'. as the identity of these organs remains essentially unknown, we refer to them as 'organs of unknown identity' (ouis). here we present a novel mutant of the rice sepallata-like gene osmads34 which develops, in addition to disorganized branches and sterile seeds, elongated ouis. the function and evolution of osmads34 were studied. morphological and mol ...	2014	24372518
phosphate transporters ospht1;9 and ospht1;10 are involved in phosphate uptake in rice.	we characterized the function of two rice phosphate (pi) transporters: ospht1;9 (ospt9) and ospht1;10 (ospt10). ospt9 and ospt10 were expressed in the root epidermis, root hairs and lateral roots, with their expression being specifically induced by pi starvation. in leaves, expression of the two genes was observed in both mesophyll and vasculature. high-affinity km values for pi transport of ospt9 and ospt10 were determined by yeast experiments and two-electrode voltage clamp analysis of anion t ...	2014	24344809
protein interactome analysis of 12 mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase in rice using a yeast two-hybrid system.	the mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk) cascade is composed at least of map3k (for mapk kinase kinase), map2k, and mapk family modules. these components together play a central role in mediating extracellular signals to the cell and vice versa by interacting with their partner proteins. however, the map3k-interacting proteins remain poorly investigated in plants. here, we utilized a yeast two-hybrid system and bimolecular fluorescence complementation in the model crop rice (oryza sativa) to ...	2014	24243689
bioinformatic indications that copi- and clathrin-based transport systems are not present in chloroplasts: an arabidopsis model.	coated vesicle transport occurs in the cytosol of yeast, mammals and plants. it consists of three different transport systems, the copi, copii and clathrin coated vesicles (ccv), all of which participate in the transfer of proteins and lipids between different cytosolic compartments. there are also indications that chloroplasts have a vesicle transport system. several putative chloroplast-localized proteins, including cpsar1 and cpraba5e with similarities to cytosolic copii transport-related pro ...	2014	25137124
identification and functional assay of the interaction motifs in the partner protein osnar2.1 of the two-component system for high-affinity nitrate transport.	a partner protein, nar2, is essential for high-affinity nitrate transport of the nrt2 protein in plants. however, the nar2 motifs that interact with nrt2s for their plasma membrane (pm) localization and nitrate transporter activity have not been functionally characterized. in this study, osnar2.1 mutations with different carbon (c)-terminal deletions and nine different point mutations in the conserved regions of nar2 homologs in plants were generated to explore the essential motifs involved in t ...	2014	25103875
ossli1, a homeodomain containing transcription activator, involves abscisic acid related stress response in rice (oryza sativa l.).	homeodomain-leucine zipper type i (hd-zip i) proteins are involved in the regulation of plant development and response to environmental stresses. in this study, ossli1 (oryza sativa stress largely induced 1), encoding a member of the hd-zip i subfamily, was isolated from rice. the expression of ossli1 was dramatically induced by multiple abiotic stresses and exogenous abscisic acid (aba). in silico sequence analysis discovered several cis-acting elements including multiple abres (aba-responsive ...	2014	25089296
molecular identification and interaction assay of the gene (osubc13) encoding a ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme in rice.	the ubiquitin (ub)-conjugating enzyme, ubc13, has been known to be involved in error-free dna damage tolerance (or post-replication repair) via catalyzing lys63-linked polyubiquitin chains formation together with a ubc variant. however, its functions remain largely unknown in plant species, especially in monocotyledons. in this study, we cloned a ub-conjugating enzyme, osubc13, that shares the conserved domain of ubc with atubc13b in oryza sativa l., which encodes a protein of 153 amino acids; t ...	2014	25001222
positive regulation of rice ring e3 ligase oshir1 in arsenic and cadmium uptakes.	the metalloid arsenic (as) and the heavy metal cadmium (cd) are ubiquitously found at low concentrations in the earth. high concentrations of these elements in the soil and crops are severely dangerous to human health. we attempted to retrieve the ring e3 ubiquitin ligase gene for regulating as and cd uptakes via the ubiquitin 26s proteasome system. semi-quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was conducted for a total of 47 oryza sativa ring finger protein (osrfp) genes to ...	2014	24664473
osnip3;1, a rice boric acid channel, regulates boron distribution and is essential for growth under boron-deficient conditions.	boron is an essential micronutrient for higher plants. boron deficiency is an important agricultural issue because it results in loss of yield quality and/or quantity in cereals and other crops. to understand boron transport mechanisms in cereals, we characterized osnip3;1, a member of the major intrinsic protein family in rice (oryza sativa l.), because osnip3;1 is the most similar rice gene to the arabidopsis thaliana boric acid channel genes atnip5;1 and atnip6;1. yeast cells expressing osnip ...	2014	24654769
characterization of oslct1, a cadmium transporter from indica rice (oryza sativa).	molecular understanding of cadmium (cd) transport in indica rice (oryza sativa) is still insufficient, although indica rice generally has a potential to accumulate higher cd in shoots and grains than japonica rice. we have previously demonstrated that oslct1 is a cd transporter gene responsible for grain cd accumulation in the japonica model cultivar nipponbare. in this study, we isolated oslct1 cdna from kasalath, a model indica (aus subgroup) cultivar and conducted cation transport activity as ...	2014	24627964
expression and interaction of small heat shock proteins (shsps) in rice in response to heat stress.	the inherent immobility of rice (oryza sativa l.) limited their abilities to avoid heat stress and required them to contend with heat stress through innate defense abilities in which heat shock proteins played important roles. in this study, hsp26.7, hsp23.2, hsp17.9a, hsp17.4 and hsp16.9a were up-regulated in nipponbare during seedling and anthesis stages in response to heat stress. subsequently, the expressing levels of these five shsps in the heat-tolerant rice cultivar, co39, were all signif ...	2014	24566471
the synaptonemal complex protein zyp1 is required for imposition of meiotic crossovers in barley.	in many cereal crops, meiotic crossovers predominantly occur toward the ends of chromosomes and 30 to 50% of genes rarely recombine. this limits the exploitation of genetic variation by plant breeding. previous reports demonstrate that chiasma frequency can be manipulated in plants by depletion of the synaptonemal complex protein zipper1 (zyp1) but conflict as to the direction of change, with fewer chiasmata reported in arabidopsis thaliana and more crossovers reported for rice (oryza sativa). h ...	2014	24563202
osalba1, a dehydration-responsive nuclear protein of rice (oryza sativa l. ssp. indica), participates in stress adaptation.	alba proteins have exhibited great functional plasticity through the course of evolution and constitute a superfamily that spans across three domains of life. earlier, we had developed the dehydration-responsive nuclear proteome of an indica rice cultivar, screening of which led to the identification of an alba protein. here we describe, for the first time, the complete sequence of the candidate gene osalba1, its genomic organization, and possible function/s in plant. phylogenetic analysis showe ...	2014	24534105
interaction between the growth-regulating factor and knotted1-like homeobox families of transcription factors.	knotted1-like homeobox (knox) genes are important regulators of meristem function, and a complex network of transcription factors ensures tight control of their expression. here, we show that members of the growth-regulating factor (grf) family act as players in this network. a yeast (saccharomyces cerevisiae) one-hybrid screen with the upstream sequence of the knox gene oskn2 from rice (oryza sativa) resulted in isolation of osgrf3 and osgrf10. specific binding to a region in the untranslated l ...	2014	24532604
normal root elongation requires arginine produced by argininosuccinate lyase in rice.	plant roots play an important role in the uptake of water and nutrients, structural support and environmental sensing, but the molecular mechanisms involved in root development are poorly understood in rice (oryza sativa), which is characterized by a dense fibrous root system. here we report a rice mutant (red1 for root elongation defect 1) with short roots. morphological and physiological analyses showed that the mutant had a shorter length from the quiescent center (qc) to the starting point o ...	2014	24528386
classification and interaction modes of 40 rice e2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes with 17 rice arm-u-box e3 ubiquitin ligases.	rice, a monocot model crop, contains at least 48 putative e2 ubiquitin (ub)-conjugating enzymes. based on homology comparisons with 40 arabidopsis e2 proteins and 35 human e2s, 48 rice e2s were classified into 15 different groups. yeast two-hybrid analyses using the u-box-domain regions of armadillo (arm)-u-box e3 ub-ligases and the ub-conjugating (ubc) domains of e2s showed that, among 40 rice e2s, 11 e2s accounted for 70% of the interactions with 17 arm-u-box e3s. thus, a single e2 could inter ...	2014	24486490
isolation and characterization of osmy1, a putative partner of osrac5 from oryza sativa l.	osrac5 belongs to the rice rho of plants family, and acts as the molecular switch in the signal pathway which is pivotally involved in the rice fertility control. one of its putative partners, osmy1, was isolated by yeast two-hybrid screening from rice panicle cdna library. bioinformatics analysis shows that osmy1 contains a coiled-coil domain which generally appeared in the partners of rho gtpases. by yeast two-hybrid assay, it is confirmed that osmy1 binds both the wild type (wt) and constitut ...	2014	24464125
oslol1, a c2c2-type zinc finger protein, interacts with osbzip58 to promote seed germination through the modulation of gibberellin biosynthesis in oryza sativa.	seed germination is a key developmental process in the plant life cycle that is influenced by various environmental cues and phytohormones through gene expression and a series of metabolism pathways. in the present study, we investigated a c2c2-type finger protein, oslol1, which promotes gibberellin (ga) biosynthesis and affects seed germination in oryza sativa (rice). we used oslol1 antisense and sense transgenic lines to explore oslol1 functions. seed germination timing in antisense plants was ...	2014	25353370
a rice abc transporter, osabcc1, reduces arsenic accumulation in the grain.	arsenic (as) is a chronic poison that causes severe skin lesions and cancer. rice (oryza sativa l.) is a major dietary source of as; therefore, reducing as accumulation in the rice grain and thereby diminishing the amount of as that enters the food chain is of critical importance. here, we report that a member of the oryza sativa c-type atp-binding cassette (abc) transporter (osabcc) family, osabcc1, is involved in the detoxification and reduction of as in rice grains. we found that osabcc1 was ...	2014	25331872
oscycp1;1, a pho80 homologous protein, negatively regulates phosphate starvation signaling in the roots of rice (oryza sativa l.).	phosphorus is one of the most essential and limiting nutrients in all living organisms, thus the organisms have evolved complicated and precise regulatory mechanisms for phosphorus acquisition, storage and homeostasis. in the budding yeast, saccharomyces cerevisiae, the modification of pho4 by the pho80 and pho85 complex is a core regulation system. however, the existence and possible functions in phosphate signaling of the homologs of the pho80 and pho85 components in plants has yet to be deter ...	2014	25315105
rice suv3 is a bidirectional helicase that binds both dna and rna.	helicases play crucial role in almost all the nucleic acid metabolism including replication, repair, recombination, transcription, translation, ribosome biogenesis and splicing and these processes regulate plant growth and development. it is suggested that helicases play essential roles in stabilizing growth in plants under stress because their presence in the stress-induced orfs has been identified. moreover in a recent study we have reported that suv3 helicase from oryza sativa (ossuv3) functi ...	2014	25311683
rice spx1 and spx2 inhibit phosphate starvation responses through interacting with phr2 in a phosphate-dependent manner.	in plants, sensing the levels of external and internal nutrients is essential for reprogramming the transcriptome and adapting to the fluctuating environment. phosphate (pi) is a key plant nutrient, and a large proportion of pi starvation-responsive genes are under the control of phosphate starvation response regulator 1 (phr1) in arabidopsis (atphr1) and its homologs, such as oryza sativa (os)phr2 in rice. atphr1 and osphr2 expression is not very responsive to pi starvation, raising the questio ...	2014	25271318
the mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade mkk1-mpk4 mediates salt signaling in rice.	mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk) pathways have been implicated in signal transduction of both biotic and abiotic stresses in plants. in this study, we found that the transcript of a rice (oryza sativa) mapkk (osmkk1) was markedly increased by salt stress. by examining the survival rate and na(+) content in shoot, we found that osmkk1-knockout (osmkk1) mutant was more sensitive to salt stress than the wild type. osmkk1 activity in the wild-type seedlings and protoplasts was increased by sa ...	2014	25219319
rice serine/threonine kinase 1 is required for the stimulation of osnug2 gtpase activity.	several gtpases are required for ribosome biogenesis and assembly. we recently identified rice (oryza sativa) nuclear/nucleolar gtpase 2 (osnug2), a ylqf/yawg family gtpase, as having a role in pre-60s ribosomal subunit maturation. to investigate the potential factors involved in regulating osnug2 function, yeast two-hybrid screens were performed using osnug2 as bait. rice serine/threonine kinase 1 (osstk1) was identified as a candidate interacting protein. osstk1 appeared to interact with osnug ...	2014	25151129
osnap connects abscisic acid and leaf senescence by fine-tuning abscisic acid biosynthesis and directly targeting senescence-associated genes in rice.	it has long been established that premature leaf senescence negatively impacts the yield stability of rice, but the underlying molecular mechanism driving this relationship remains largely unknown. here, we identified a dominant premature leaf senescence mutant, prematurely senile 1 (ps1-d). ps1 encodes a plant-specific nac (no apical meristem, arabidopsis ataf1/2, and cup-shaped cotyledon2) transcriptional activator, oryza sativa nac-like, activated by apetala3/pistillata (osnap). overexpressio ...	2014	24951508
lcwrky5: an unknown function gene from sheepgrass improves drought tolerance in transgenic arabidopsis.	the expression of lcwrky5 was induced significantly by salinity, mannitol and cutting treatments. arabidopsis- overexpressing lcwrky5 greatly increased dehydration tolerance by regulating the expression of multiple stress-responsive genes. based on the data of sheepgrass 454 high-throughout sequencing and expression analysis results, a drought-induced gene lcwrky5 was isolated and cloned, and the biological role of the gene has not been reported until now. bioinformatics analysis showed that lcw ...	2014	24913125
global protein-protein interaction network of rice sheath blight pathogen.	rhizoctonia solani is the major pathogenic fungi of rice sheath blight. it is responsible for the most serious disease of rice (oryza sativa l.) and causes significant yield losses in rice-growing countries. identifying the protein-protein interaction (ppi) maps of r. solani can provide insights into the potential pathogenic mechanisms and assign putative functions to unknown genes. here, we exploited a ppi map of r. solani anastomosis group 1 ia (ag-1 ia) based on the interolog and domain-domai ...	2014	24894516
suppression of osrad51d results in defects in reproductive development in rice (oryza sativa l.).	the cellular roles of rad51 paralogs in somatic and reproductive growth have been extensively described in a wide range of animal systems and, to a lesser extent, in arabidopsis, a dicot model plant. here, the osrad51d gene was identified and characterized in rice (oryza sativa l.), a monocot model crop. in the rice genome, three alternative osrad51d mrna splicing variants, osrad51d.1, osrad51d.2, and osrad51d.3, were predicted. yeast two-hybrid studies, however, showed that only osrad51d.1 inte ...	2014	24840804
divergence of the expression and subcellular localization of ccr4-associated factor 1 (caf1) deadenylase proteins in oryza sativa.	deadenylation, also called poly(a) tail shortening, is the first, rate-limiting step in the general cytoplasmic mrna degradation in eukaryotic cells. the ccr4-not complex, containing the two key components carbon catabolite repressor 4 (ccr4) and ccr4-associated factor 1 (caf1), is a major player in deadenylation. caf1 belongs to the rnase d group in the dedd superfamily, and is a protein conserved through evolution from yeast to humans and plants. every higher plant, including arabidopsis and r ...	2014	24805883
osabcb14 functions in auxin transport and iron homeostasis in rice (oryza sativa l.).	members of the atp binding cassette b/multidrug-resistance/p-glyco-protein (abcb/mdr/pgp) subfamily were shown to function primarily in oryza sativa (rice) auxin transport; however, none of the rice abcb transporters have been functionally characterized. here, we describe that a knock-down of osabcb14 confers decreased auxin concentrations and polar auxin transport rates, conferring insensitivity to 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-d) and indole-3-acetic acid (iaa). osabcb14 displays enhanced ...	2014	24798203
functional analyses of a putative plasma membrane na+/h+ antiporter gene isolated from salt tolerant helianthus tuberosus.	jerusalem artichokes (helianthus tuberosus l.) can tolerate relatively higher salinity, drought and heat stress. in this paper, we report the cloning of a salt overly sensitive 1 (sos1) gene encoding a plasma membrane na(+)/h(+) antiporter from a highly salt-tolerant genotype of h. tuberosus, ny1, named htsos1 and characterization of its function in yeast and rice. the amino acid sequence of htsos1 showed 83.4% identity with the previously isolated sos1 gene from the chrysanthemum crassum. the m ...	2014	24771143
cytochrome p450 cyp81a12 and cyp81a21 are associated with resistance to two acetolactate synthase inhibitors in echinochloa phyllopogon.	previous studies have demonstrated multiple herbicide resistance in california populations of echinochloa phyllopogon, a noxious weed in rice (oryza sativa) fields. it was suggested that the resistance to two classes of acetolactate synthase-inhibiting herbicides, bensulfuron-methyl (bsm) and penoxsulam (px), may be caused by enhanced activities of herbicide-metabolizing cytochrome p450. we investigated bsm metabolism in the resistant (r) and susceptible (s) lines of e. phyllopogon, which were o ...	2014	24760819
expression of the rgmt gene, encoding for a rice metallothionein-like protein in saccharomyces cerevisiae and arabidopsis thaliana.	metallothioneins (mts) are cysteine-rich proteins of low molecular weight with many attributed functions, such as providing protection against metal toxicity, being involved in regulation of metal ions uptake that can impact plant physiology and providing protection against oxidative stress. however, the precise function of the metallothionein-like proteins such as the one coded for rgmt gene isolated from rice (oryza sativa l.) is not completely understood. the whole genome analysis of rice (o. ...	2014	25572229
beneficial rhizobacteria from rice rhizosphere confers high protection against biotic and abiotic stress inducing systemic resistance in rice seedlings.	the present study reports a screening for pgpr in a highly selective environment, the rhizosphere of rice plants, in southwestern of spain. among the 900 isolates, only 38% were positive for at least one of the biochemical activities to detect putative pgpr. the best 80 isolates were selected and identified by 16s rrna partial sequencing. among these, 13 strains were selected for growth promotion assays. only one strain (bac1-38) was able to significantly increase height, while nine strains sign ...	2014	24907524
identification and characterization of nf-y transcription factor families in canola (brassica napus l.).	nf-y (nuclear factor-y), a heterotrimeric transcription factor, is composed of nf-ya, nf-yb, and nf-yc proteins in yeast, animal, and plant systems. in plants, each of the nf-ya/b/c subunit forms a multi-member family. nf-ys are key regulators with important roles in many physiological processes, such as drought tolerance, flowering time, and seed development. in this study, we identified, annotated, and further characterized 14 nf-ya, 14 nf-yb, and 5 nf-yc proteins in brassica napus (canola). p ...	2014	24097262
increased expression of fe-chelatase leads to increased metabolic flux into heme and confers protection against photodynamically induced oxidative stress.	fe-chelatase (fech, ec 4.99.1.1) inserts fe(2+) into protoporphyrin ix (proto ix) to form heme, which influences the flux through the tetrapyrrole biosynthetic pathway as well as fundamental cellular processes. in transgenic rice (oryza sativa), the ectopic expression of bradyrhizobium japonicum fech protein in cytosol results in a substantial increase of fech activity compared to wild-type (wt) rice and an increasing level of heme. interestingly, the transgenic rice plants showed resistance to ...	2014	25037078
function of xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolases in rice.	although xyloglucans are ubiquitous in land plants, they are less abundant in poales species than in eudicotyledons. poales cell walls contain higher levels of β-1,3/1,4 mixed-linked glucans and arabinoxylans than xyloglucans. despite the relatively low level of xyloglucans in poales, the xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase (xth) gene family in rice (oryza sativa) is comparable in size to that of the eudicotyledon arabidopsis thaliana. this raises the question of whether xyloglucan is a su ...	2014	24363334
diversity in guanosine 3',5'-bisdiphosphate (ppgpp) sensitivity among guanylate kinases of bacteria and plants.	the guanosine 3',5'-bisdiphosphate (ppgpp) signaling system is shared by bacteria and plant chloroplasts, but its role in plants has remained unclear. here we show that guanylate kinase (gk), a key enzyme in guanine nucleotide biosynthesis that catalyzes the conversion of gmp to gdp, is a target of regulation by ppgpp in chloroplasts of rice, pea, and arabidopsis. plants have two distinct types of gk that are localized to organelles (gkpm) or to the cytosol (gkc), with both enzymes being essenti ...	2014	24722991
nondestructive determination of transgenic bacillus thuringiensis rice seeds (oryza sativa l.) using multispectral imaging and chemometric methods.	crop-to-crop transgene flow may affect the seed purity of non-transgenic rice varieties, resulting in unwanted biosafety consequences. the feasibility of a rapid and nondestructive determination of transgenic rice seeds from its non-transgenic counterparts was examined by using multispectral imaging system combined with chemometric data analysis. principal component analysis (pca), partial least squares discriminant analysis (plsda), least squares-support vector machines (ls-svm), and pca-back p ...	2014	24491704
proteomics study of silver nanoparticles toxicity on bacillus thuringiensis.	emerging technologies in functional genomics and proteomics provide a way of achieving high-throughput analyses, understanding effects on protein populations and sub-populations and follow up environmental stresses. to accomplish these, the action of homemade spherical silver nanoparticles colloidal suspension (agnps) against bacillus thuringiensis (isolate from oryza sativa l. rhizosphere) was investigated by a proteomic approach (2-de and nanolc/ft-icr ms identification). thirty four responsiv ...	2014	24290895
inducible expression of a fusion gene encoding two proteinase inhibitors leads to insect and pathogen resistance in transgenic rice.	plant proteinase inhibitors (pis) are considered as candidates for increased insect resistance in transgenic plants. insect adaptation to pi ingestion might, however, compromise the benefits received by transgenic expression of pis. in this study, the maize proteinase inhibitor (mpi), an inhibitor of insect serine proteinases, and the potato carboxypeptidase inhibitor (pci) were fused into a single open reading frame and introduced into rice plants. the two pis were linked using either the proce ...	2014	24237606
dengue virus e glycoprotein production in transgenic rice callus.	dengue is a disease caused by dengue virus and represents the most important arthropod-borne viral disease in humans. dengue virus enters host cells via binding of envelope glycoprotein (e) to a receptor. in this study, plant expression vectors containing native and synthetic glycoprotein e genes (se) modified based on plant-optimized codon usage and fused with an er retention signal were constructed under control of the rice amylase 3d promoter expression system. plant expression vectors were i ...	2014	25069989
proteome compression via protein domain compositions.	in this paper, we study domain compositions of proteins via compression of whole proteins in an organism for the sake of obtaining the entropy that the individual contains. we suppose that a protein is a multiset of domains. since gene duplication and fusion have occurred through evolutionary processes, the same domains and the same compositions of domains appear in multiple proteins, which enables us to compress a proteome by using references to proteins for duplicated and fused proteins. such ...	2014	24486717
genome wide profiling of azospirillum lipoferum 4b gene expression during interaction with rice roots.	azospirillum-plant cooperation has been mainly studied from an agronomic point of view leading to a wide description of mechanisms implicated in plant growth-promoting effects. however, little is known about genetic determinants implicated in bacterial adaptation to the host plant during the transition from free-living to root-associated lifestyles. this study aims at characterizing global gene expression of azospirillum lipoferum 4b following a 7-day-old interaction with two cultivars of oryza ...	2014	24283406
genetic analysis and qtl detection for resistance to white tip disease in rice.	the inheritance of resistance to white tip disease (wtdr) in rice (oryza sativa l.) was analyzed with an artificial inoculation test in a segregating population derived from the cross between tetep, a highly resistant variety that was identified in a previous study, and a susceptible cultivar. three resistance-associated traits, including the number of aphelenchoides besseyi (a. besseyi) individuals in 100 grains (na), the loss rate of panicle weight (lrpw) and the loss rate of the total grains ...	2014	25162680
efficacy of oryza sativa husk and quercus phillyraeoides extracts for the in vitro and in vivo control of fungal rot disease of white yam (dioscorea rotundata poir).	tuber rot disease is a major constraint to white yam (dioscorea rotundata) production, accounting for 50-60% of annual yield losses in nigeria. the main method of control using synthetic fungicides is being discouraged due to human and environmental health hazards. the potential of oryza sativa husk (osh) and quercus phillyraeoides (qp) extracts for the in vitro and in vivo control of six virulent rot-causing fungal pathogens, lasiodiplodia theobromae, aspergillus niger, rhizoctonia solani, peni ...	2014	25674452
isolation and evaluation of native cellulose degrading microorganisms for efficient bioconversion of weed biomass and rice straw.	cellulose decomposing microorganisms (cdms) are important for efficient bioconversion of plant biomasses. to this end, we isolated seven fungal isolates (aspergillus wentii, fusarium solani, mucor sp., penicillum sp., trichoderma harzaianum, trichoderma sp.1 and trichoderma sp.2) and three bacterial isolates (bacterial isolate i, ii and iii) from partially decomposed farm yard manure, rice straw and vermicompost, and evaluated them for decomposition of rice straw (oryza sativa), ipomoea camea an ...	2014	25004759
enhanced resistance to blast fungus in rice (oryza sativa l.) by expressing the ribosome-inactivating protein α-momorcharin.	rice blast caused by magnaporthe grisea is one of the three major diseases that seriously affect the rice production. alpha-momorcharin (α-mc), a ribosome-inactivating protein (rip) isolated from momordica charantia seeds, has antifungal effects in vitro. in this study, the α-mc gene was constitutively expressed under the control of the 2×35s promoter in transgenic rice (oryza sativa l.) using an agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated method. the nine transgenic plants were obtained and confirmed by ...	2014	24467890
identification and characterization of granule bound starch synthase i (gbssi) gene of tartary buckwheat (fagopyrum tataricum gaertn.).	tartary buckwheat (fagopyrum tataricum gaertn.) is increasingly considered as an important functional food material because of its rich nutraceutical compounds. reserve starch is the major component of tartary buckwheat seed. however, the gene sequences and the molecular mechanism of tartary buckwheat starch synthesis are unknown so far. in this study, the complete genomic sequence and full-size cdna coding tartary buckwheat granule-bound starch synthase i (ftgbssi), which is responsible for amy ...	2014	24211386
comprehensive characterization and rna-seq profiling of the hd-zip transcription factor family in soybean (glycine max) during dehydration and salt stress.	the homeodomain leucine zipper (hd-zip) transcription factor family is one of the largest plant specific superfamilies, and includes genes with roles in modulation of plant growth and response to environmental stresses. many hd-zip genes are characterized in arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana), and members of the family are being investigated for abiotic stress responses in rice (oryza sativa), maize (zea mays), poplar (populus trichocarpa) and cucumber (cucmis sativus). findings in these species ...	2014	25362847
the rice tal effector-dependent resistance protein xa10 triggers cell death and calcium depletion in the endoplasmic reticulum.	the recognition between disease resistance (r) genes in plants and their cognate avirulence (avr) genes in pathogens can produce a hypersensitive response of localized programmed cell death. however, our knowledge of the early signaling events of the r gene-mediated hypersensitive response in plants remains limited. here, we report the cloning and characterization of xa10, a transcription activator-like (tal) effector-dependent r gene for resistance to bacterial blight in rice (oryza sativa). xa ...	2014	24488961
pgpr regulate caspase-like activity, programmed cell death, and antioxidant enzyme activity in paddy under salinity.	the response of two root associated bacteria pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes and bacillus pumilus were studied in the (salt-sensitive) rice gj17 cultivar to salinity under controlled environmental growth conditions for protection of plant from adverse effect of salinity. salinity affects the growth of salt-sensitive cultivar, but inoculation of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (pgpr) reduces the harmful effect of salinity. the present study states that pgpr helps to reduce lipid peroxidation a ...	2014	24757324
determination of supplier-to-supplier and lot-to-lot variability in glycation of recombinant human serum albumin expressed in oryza sativa.	the use of different expression systems to produce the same recombinant human protein can result in expression-dependent chemical modifications (cms) leading to variability of structure, stability and immunogenicity. of particular interest are recombinant human proteins expressed in plant-based systems, which have shown particularly high cm variability. in studies presented here, recombinant human serum albumins (rhsa) produced in oryza sativa (asian rice) (osrhsa) from a number of suppliers hav ...	2014	25299339
a rice gene for microbial symbiosis, oryza sativa ccamk, reduces ch4 flux in a paddy field with low nitrogen input.	plants have mutualistic symbiotic relationships with rhizobia and fungi by the common symbiosis pathway, of which ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (encoded by ccamk) is a central component. although oryza sativa ccamk (osccamk) is required for fungal accommodation in rice roots, little is known about the role of osccamk in rice symbiosis with bacteria. here, we report the effect of a tos17-induced osccamk mutant (ne1115) on ch4 flux in low-nitrogen (ln) and standard-nitrogen (sn) paddy ...	2014	24441161
an improved 2b-rad approach (i2b-rad) offering genotyping tested by a rice (oryza sativa l.) f2 population.	2b-rad (type iib endonucleases restriction-site associated dna) approach was invented by wang in 2012 and proven as a simple and flexible method for genome-wide genotyping. however, there is still plenty of room for improvement for the existent 2b-rad approach. firstly, it doesn't include the samples pooling in library preparation as other reduced representation libraries. secondly, the information of 2b-rad tags, such as tags numbers and distributions, in most of species are unknown. the purpos ...	2014	25373334
predicting the function of 4-coumarate:coa ligase (lj4cl1) in lonicera japonica.	4-coumarate:coa ligases (4cls) are a group of essential enzymes involved in the pathway of phenylpropanoid-derived compound metabolisms; however it is still difficult to identify orthologs and paralogs of these important enzymes just based on sequence similarity of the conserved domains. using sequence data of 20 plant species from the public databases and sequences from lonicera japonica, we define 1252 adenosine monophosphate (amp)-dependent synthetase/ligase sequences and classify them into t ...	2014	24518682
functional analysis of chimeric lysin motif domain receptors mediating nod factor-induced defense signaling in arabidopsis thaliana and chitin-induced nodulation signaling in lotus japonicus.	the expression of chimeric receptors in plants is a way to activate specific signaling pathways by corresponding signal molecules. defense signaling induced by chitin from pathogens and nodulation signaling of legumes induced by rhizobial nod factors (nfs) depend on receptors with extracellular lysin motif (lysm) domains. here, we constructed chimeras by replacing the ectodomain of chitin elicitor receptor kinase 1 (atcerk1) of arabidopsis thaliana with ectodomains of nf receptors of lotus japon ...	2014	24506212
plant-parasitic nematode infections in rice: molecular and cellular insights.	being one of the major staple foods in the world, and an interesting model monocot plant, rice (oryza sativa l.) has recently received attention from molecular nematologists studying the cellular and molecular aspects of the interaction between this crop and plant-parasitic nematodes. in this review, we highlight recent advances in this field, with a focus on the best-studied root-knot nematodes. histological studies have revealed the cellular changes inside root-knot nematode-induced feeding si ...	2014	24906129
purification, characterization and preliminary x-ray crystallographic studies of monodehydroascorbate reductase from oryza sativa l. japonica.	monodehydroascorbate reductase (mdhar; ec 1.6.5.4) is a key enzyme in the reactive oxygen species (ros) detoxification system of plants. the participation of mdhar in ascorbate (asa) recycling in the ascorbate-glutathione cycle is important in the acquired tolerance of crop plants to abiotic environmental stresses. thus, mdhar represents a strategic target protein for the improvement of crop yields. although physiological studies have intensively characterized mdhar, a structure-based functional ...	2014	25195901
a novel protein elicitor (sscut) from sclerotinia sclerotiorum induces multiple defense responses in plants.	in this study, we report the cloning of the sscut gene encoding cutinase from sclerotinia sclerotiorum. we isolated a 609-bp cdna encoding a polypeptide of 202 amino acids with a molecular weight of 20.4 kda. heterologous expression of sscut in escherichia coli (his-sscut) caused the formation of lesions in tobacco that closely resembled hypersensitive response lesions. mutational analysis identified the c-terminal-half peptide and the same amino acids indispensable for both enzyme and elicitor ...	2014	25149470
purification, molecular cloning and functional characterization of flavonoid c-glucosyltransferases from fagopyrum esculentum m. (buckwheat) cotyledon.	c-glycosides are characterized by their c-c bonds in which the anomeric carbon of the sugar moieties is directly bound to the carbon atom of aglycon. c-glycosides are remarkably stable, as their c-c bonds are resistant to glycosidase or acid hydrolysis. a variety of plant species are known to accumulate c-glycosylflavonoids; however, the genes encoding for enzymes that catalyze c-glycosylation of flavonoids have been identified only from oryza sativa (rice) and zea mays (maize), and have not bee ...	2014	25142187
a glutathione responsive rice glyoxalase ii, osglyii-2, functions in salinity adaptation by maintaining better photosynthesis efficiency and anti-oxidant pool.	glyoxalase ii (gly ii), the second enzyme of glyoxalase pathway that detoxifies cytotoxic metabolite methylglyoxal (mg), belongs to the superfamily of metallo-β-lactamases. here, detailed analysis of one of the uncharacterized rice glyoxalase ii family members, osglyii-2 was conducted in terms of its metal content, enzyme kinetics and stress tolerance potential. functional complementation of yeast gly ii mutant (∆glo2) and enzyme kinetics data suggested that osglyii-2 possesses characteristic gl ...	2014	25039836
functional characterization of xanthoxin dehydrogenase in rice.	abscisic acid (aba) is a phytohormone that plays a key role in biotic and abiotic stress responses. aba metabolic genes are promising targets for molecular breeding work to improve stress tolerance in crops. the accumulation of aba does not always improve stress tolerance since stress-induced accumulation of aba in pollen inhibits the normal course of gametogenesis, affecting grain yields in cereals. this effect highlights the importance of manipulating the aba levels according to the type of ti ...	2014	25014258
inducing the oxidative stress response in escherichia coli improves the quality of a recombinant protein: magnesium chelatase chlh.	the ∼150kda chlh subunit of magnesium chelatase from oryza sativa, hordeum vulgare and chlamydomonas reinhardtii have been heterologously expressed in escherichiacoli. the active soluble protein is found as both a multimeric and a monomeric form. the multimeric chlh appears to be oxidatively damaged but monomer production is favoured in growth conditions that are known to cause an oxidative stress response in e.coli. inducing an oxidative stress response may be of general utility to improve the ...	2014	24931499
crystallization and preliminary crystallographic analysis of defective pollen wall (dpw) protein from oryza sativa.	the defective pollen wall (dpw) gene of oryza sativa encodes a fatty acid reductase (dpw) which plays important roles in primary fatty alcohol synthesis. dpw catalyzes the synthesis of 1-hexadecanol. the enzyme shows a higher specificity for palmitoyl-acp than for palmitoyl-coa as the substrate, and can only use nadph as the cofactor. to gain an understanding of the molecular mechanism underlying the reaction catalyzed by dpw, the gene encoding dpw without the n-terminal 80 amino acids (dpwδ80) ...	2014	24915087
rhon1 mediates a rho-like activity for transcription termination in plastids of arabidopsis thaliana.	although transcription termination is essential to generate functional rnas, its underlying molecular mechanisms are still poorly understood in plastids of vascular plants. here, we show that the rna binding protein rhon1 participates in transcriptional termination of rbcl (encoding large subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase) in arabidopsis thaliana. inactivation of rhon1 leads to enhanced rbcl read-through transcription and to aberrant accd (encoding β-subunit of the acety ...	2014	25480370
expression and enzymatic properties of rice (oryza sativa l.) monolignol β-glucosidases.	monolignol glucosides and their β-glucosidases are found in monocots, but their biological roles are unclear. phylogenetic analysis of rice (oryza sativa l.) glycoside hydrolase family gh1 β-glucosidases indicated that os4bglu14, os4bglu16, and os4bglu18 are closely related to known monolignol β-glucosidases. an optimized os4bglu16 cdna and cloned os4bglu18 cdna were used to express fusion proteins with his6 tags in pichia pastoris and escherichia coli, respectively. the secreted os4bglu16 fusio ...	2014	25219312
cloning a glutathione peroxidase gene from nelumbo nucifera and enhanced salt tolerance by overexpressing in rice.	a full-length cdna clone encoding an 866 bp-length glutathione peroxidase protein (nngpx) was isolated from lotus (nelumbo nucifera l.). the deduced amino acid sequence of the nngpx gene had significant homology with atgpx6. a 3d structural model of the nngpx was constructed by homology modeling. the cloned nngpx gene was expressed in escherichia coli, and a fusion protein of about 40 kda was detected after isopropyl thiogalactoside induction. under different concentrations of na2seo3 treatments ...	2014	24715609
a unique ni2+ -dependent and methylglyoxal-inducible rice glyoxalase i possesses a single active site and functions in abiotic stress response.	the glyoxalase system constitutes the major pathway for the detoxification of metabolically produced cytotoxin methylglyoxal (mg) into a non-toxic metabolite d-lactate. glyoxalase i (gly i) is an evolutionarily conserved metalloenzyme requiring divalent metal ions for its activity: zn(2+) in the case of eukaryotes or ni(2+) for enzymes of prokaryotic origin. plant gly i proteins are part of a multimember family; however, not much is known about their physiological function, structure and metal d ...	2014	24661284
global analysis of lysine acetylation suggests the involvement of protein acetylation in diverse biological processes in rice (oryza sativa).	lysine acetylation is a reversible, dynamic protein modification regulated by lysine acetyltransferases and deacetylases. recent advances in high-throughput proteomics have greatly contributed to the success of global analysis of lysine acetylation. a large number of proteins of diverse biological functions have been shown to be acetylated in several reports in human cells, e.coli, and dicot plants. however, the extent of lysine acetylation in non-histone proteins remains largely unknown in mono ...	2014	24586658
molecular cloning, characterization and function analysis of a gdh gene from sclerotinia sclerotiorum in rice.	the full-length cdna encoding a glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh) which catalyzes the reaction of reductive amination of α-oxoglutarate (α-og) to glutamate (the anabolic activity) and the reverse reaction of oxidative deamination of glutamate (the catabolic activity) was isolated from sclerotinia sclerotiorum, we designated it as ssgdh. bioinformatics analysis revealed that ssgdh had a typical gdh spatial structure and extensive homology with other fungal or bacteria gdhs. to evaluate its function i ...	2014	24557889