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characterization and physical mapping of 18s and 5s ribosomal genes in indian major carps (pisces, cyprinidae).characterization of the major (18s) and minor (5s) ribosomal rna genes were carried out in three commercially important indian major carp (imc) species, viz. catla catla, labeo rohita and cirrhinus mrigala along with their physical localizations using dual colour fluorescence in situ hybridization. the diploid chromosome number in the above carps was confirmed to be 50 with inter-species karyo-morphological variations. the 18s rdna signals were observed on 3 pair of chromosomes in c. catla and l ...201323587674
effect of environmental pollutants on the c-reactive protein of a freshwater major carp, catla catla.c-reactive proteins (crp) have been affinity purified to electrophoretic homogeneity from the sera of major carp, catla catla before and after exposure to environmental pollutants. exposure to these pollutants elevate the levels of circulating crps to 2.8-3.5 times the normal values. kinetic studies of metal intoxication indicate that a unique molecular variant of crp is present in the serum at the peak level of acute phase induction, and this variant coexists with normal crps. carbohydrate anal ...20139877434
short-term mercury exposure on na(+)/k(+)-atpase activity and ionoregulation in gill and brain of an indian major carp, cirrhinus mrigala.recently mercury pollution has been increased considerably in aquatic resources throughout the world and it is a growing global concern. in this study, the 96 h lc50 value of waterborne mercuric chloride for cirrhinus mrigala was found to be 0.34 mg/l (with 95% confidence limits). fingerlings of c. mrigala were exposed to 0.068 and 0.034 mg/l of mercuric chloride for 96 h to assess the na(+)/k(+)-atpase activity and ionoregulation (na(+), k(+) and cl(-)) in gill and brain. results showed that na ...201322944584
nod1 and nod2 receptors in mrigal (cirrhinus mrigala): inductive expression and downstream signalling in ligand stimulation and bacterial infections.nucleotide binding and oligomerization domain (nod)1 and nod2 are important cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptors (prrs) and key members of the nod-like receptor (nlr) family. they sense a wide range of bacteria or their products and play a key role in inducing innate immunity. this report describes the role of nod1 and nod2 receptors signalling in innate immunity in the indian major carp, mrigal (cirrhinus mrigala). tissue-specific expression analysis of nod1 and nod2 genes by quantitative ...201323938386
short and long-term effects of clofibric acid and diclofenac on certain biochemical and ionoregulatory responses in an indian major carp, cirrhinus mrigala.extensive use of pharmaceuticals in human and veterinary medicine and aquaculture practices pose a serious threat to aquatic organisms. in the present investigation, cirrhinus mrigala an indian major carp was exposed to different concentrations of clofibric acid (ca) and diclofenac (dcf) and certain biochemical and ionoregulatory responses were assessed under short and long term exposures. during short-term (96h) exposure period, plasma glucose and sodium (na(+)) levels were increased at all con ...201323777676
alteration in certain enzymological parameters of an indian major carp, cirrhinus mrigala exposed to short- and long-term exposure of clofibric acid and diclofenac.the extensive use of pharmaceuticals in human and veterinary medicine may enter the aquatic environment and pose a serious threat to non-target aquatic organisms like fish. in this study, indian major carp cirrhinus mrigala was exposed to different concentrations (1, 10 and 100 μg l⁻¹) of most commonly used pharmaceutical drugs clofibric acid (ca) and diclofenac (dcf) to evaluate its impacts on certain enzymological parameters during short- and long-term exposures. during short-term (96 h) expos ...201323579460
using compound-specific stable carbon isotope analysis to trace metabolism and trophic transfer of pcbs and pbdes in fish from an e-waste site, south china.two fish species (mud carp and northern snakehead) forming a predator/prey relationship and sediment samples were collected from a pond contaminated by e-waste. the concentrations and stable carbon isotope ratios (δ(13)c) of individual polychlorinated biphenyl (pcb) and polybrominated diphenyl ether (pbde) congeners were measured to determine if compound-specific carbon isotope analysis (csia) could be used to provide insight into the metabolism and trophic dynamics of pcbs and pbdes. significan ...201323560888
sex-dependent accumulation and maternal transfer of dechlorane plus flame retardant in fish from an electronic waste recycling site in south china.knowledge is limited on sex-related accumulation and maternal transfer of dechlorane plus (dp) flame retardant in wildlife. in the present study, dp isomers were examined in liver and eggs of two fish species, northern snakehead and crucian carp, from an electronic waste recycling site in china. hepatic ∑dp (sum of syn- and anti-dp) concentrations ranged 260-1920 ng/g lipid in northern snakehead and 340-1670 ng/g in crucian carp, with significantly higher levels in males relative to females. ∑dp ...201323500052
purification and properties of malic enzyme from herring clupea harengus spermatozoa.herring spermatozoa exhibit higher activity of malic enzyme (me) than atlantic salmon (salmo salar), brown trout (salmo trutta), carp (cyprinus carpio) and african catfish (clarias gariepinus) spermatozoa. two molecular forms of me are present in herring spermatozoa: an nad-preferring malic enzyme with very high activity and an nadp-specific malic enzyme with much lower activity (ratio about 33:1). nad-preferring me was purified by chromatography on deae-sepharose, red agarose and sephadex g-200 ...201323313742
introduction of modern endocrine techniques for the production of monosex population of fishes.of the techniques available to mass-produce a sterile or monosex population, the hormonal induction of sex reversal is the most widely practiced. this paper presents the synthesis of works done on sex reversal using 17α methyltestosterone (17αmt), 17β estradiol, non-steroidal aromatase inhibitors (ais) and oestrogen receptor agonist, tamoxifen in commercially important aquaculture species mossambique tilapia oreochromis mossambicus, nile tilapia oreochromis niloticus, common carp cyprinus carpio ...201323063432
comparison of the lipid properties of healthy and pansteatitis-affected african sharptooth catfish, clarias gariepinus (burchell), and the role of diet in pansteatitis outbreaks in the olifants river in the kruger national park, south africa.pansteatitis has been identified in wild populations of sharptooth catfish, clarias gariepinus (burchell), and nile crocodiles, crocodylus niloticus laurenti, inhabiting the same waters in the olifants river gorge in the kruger national park, south africa. mesenteric and pectoral fat tissue was investigated microscopically and by fatty acid analysis in healthy and pansteatitis-affected catfish from both captive and wild populations. variation in fatty acid composition between pectoral and mesent ...201323634747
cloning, characterization and expression of estrogen receptor beta in the male half-smooth tongue sole, cynoglossus semilaevis.a full-length sequence encoding the estrogen receptor beta was isolated from half-smooth tongue sole, cynoglossus semilaevis (hstserβ) using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) and rapid amplification of cdna ends procedures. the hstserβ cdna clone was found to contain 1,791 nucleotides including an open reading frame that encodes 578 amino acids. the deduced hstserβ protein consisted of six nuclear receptor-characteristic domains. based on a phylogenetic analysis, the hstse ...201323053612
effect of frying in different culinary fats on the fatty acid composition of silver carp.the influence of frying with four different oils (sunflower oil, soybean oil, olive oil, and corn oil) on the fatty acid composition of silver carp was evaluated. the fat content of the fillets increased after frying while the moisture content decreased in all evaluated samples. mean saturated (sfa), monounsaturated (mufa), polyunsaturated (pufa) fatty acids, ∑ω3, and ∑ω6 contents of raw fish were 26.1 ± 0.5, 52.1 ± 1.1, 15.1 ± 0.6, 8.9 ± 0.1, and 6.1 ± 0.4%, respectively. frying led to exchange ...201324804033
metal levels in trachurus trachurus and cyprinus carpio in turkey.concentrations of five toxic metals were determined in two fish species from turkish cities during 2010-2011. the obtained lead concentrations for all of the studied trachurus trachurus (mean 777 μg kg(-1)) and cyprinus carpio (mean 439 μg kg(-1)) samples were found to be higher than the maximum level (ml) of 300 μg kg(-1), while cd concentrations in the same samples were lower than the ml. mean chromium (501 μg kg(-1)), ni (272 μg kg(-1)) and cu (785 μg kg(-1)) concentrations in t. trachurus we ...201324779942
a consensus linkage map provides insights on genome character and evolution in common carp (cyprinus carpio l.).common carp (cyprinus carpio l.) is cultured worldwide and is a major contributor to the world's aquaculture production. the common carp has a complex tetraploidized genome, which may historically experience additional whole genome duplication than most other cyprinids. fine maps for female and male carp were constructed using a mapping panel containing one f1 family with 190 progeny. a total of 1,025 polymorphic markers were used to construct genetic maps. for the female map, 559 microsatellite ...201323073608
thelohanellus niloticus sp. nov. (myxozoa: myxosporea), a parasite of the nile carp labeo niloticus from the river nile, egypt.in the present study, the morphology and morphometric characterization of thelohanellus niloticus sp. nov., a new myxozoan belonging to genus thelohanellus kudo, 1933 (myxosporea, bivalvulida) infecting the gills of labeo niloticus (osteichthyes, cyprinidae), were described for the first time from the river nile at el-minia governorate, egypt. forty-one out of 78 (52.6 %) of the examined fish were infected. the infection was observed as irregular, milky whitish, cyst-like plasmodia (up to 0.8 mm ...201323073570
in vitro inhibition of 7-ethoxyresorufin-o-deethylase (erod) and p-nitrophenol hydroxylase (pnph) activities by sesamin in hepatic microsomes from two fish species.in the present study, we investigated the effect of sesamin on cyp1a (7-ethoxyresorufin-o-deethylase, erod) and cyp2e1-like activities (p-nitrophenol hydroxylase, pnph) in hepatic microsomes obtained from atlantic salmon (salmo salar) and common carp (cyprinus carpio). addition of sesamin to the incubations in a concentration range from 1 to 200 μm decreased the activities of erod and pnph in a concentration dependent manner. it is likely that the inhibition of erod was mechanism-based as demons ...201323065221
molecular cloning and characterization of toll-like receptor 3, and inductive expression analysis of type i ifn, mx and pro-inflammatory cytokines in the indian carp, rohu (labeo rohita).toll-like receptors (tlrs) are one of the key components of innate or non-specific immunity. among various types of tlrs, tlr3 recognizes dsrna, the genetic material or replicative intermediate of many rna viruses and triggers tir-domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon-β dependent signalling pathway to induce type i interferon (ifn) and pro-inflammatory cytokines. in this study, we cloned and characterized full-length tlr3 cdna in rohu (labeo rohita), that comprised of 2,619 bp nucleotide ...201323065215
derivation of freshwater quality criteria for zinc using interspecies correlation estimation models to protect aquatic life in china.species sensitivity distributions (ssds) are usually used in the development of water quality criteria and require a large number of toxicity values to define a hazard level to protect the majority of species. however, some toxicity data for certain chemicals are limited, especially for endangered and threatened species. thus, it is important to predict the unknown species toxicity data using available toxicity data. to address this need, interspecies correlation estimation (ice) models were dev ...201323058200
effects of dietary histidine on antioxidant capacity in juvenile jian carp (cyprinus carpio var. jian).in the present study, we tested the hypothesis that dietary histidine could improve antioxidant capacity of juvenile jian carp (cyprinus carpio var. jian). a total of 1,200 juvenile jian carp were fed graded levels of histidine at 2.3 (unsupplemented control), 4.4, 6.3, 8.6, 10.8 and 12.7 g/kg diet for 60 days. results showed that the content of malondialdehyde (mda) and protein carbonyl (pc) in serum and all tissues apparently decreased with increasing histidine levels up to an optimal level an ...201323053605
myxobolus musseliusae (myxozoa: myxobolidae) from the gills of common carp cyprinus carpio and revision of myxobolus dispar recorded in china.during a survey of myxozoan parasites of common carp cyprinus carpio in honghu lake, hubei province, china, a parasite was collected that was identified as myxobolus dispar based on an earlier description from china. however, the small subunit ribosomal dna of this species shared only 90 % similarity with m. dispar, instead matching m. musseliusae with 100 % identity. to resolve this apparent taxonomic conflict, the validity of m. dispar reported from china was investigated. the species encounte ...201323052768
melatonin: a potent candidate in the regulation of fish oocyte growth and maturation.recent studies on several fish species, especially carp, implicated pineal hormone melatonin (n-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) as a potent candidate in the regulatory mechanism of seasonal reproduction. under natural conditions, the temporal pattern of serum melatonin varied with daily light-dark cycle and the reproductive status of the fish as well. carefully controlled study revealed that exogenous administration of melatonin may result in stimulation or inhibition or no influences at all on the ...201323046602
abnormal cerebellar development and ataxia in carp viii morphant zebrafish.congenital ataxia and mental retardation are mainly caused by variations in the genes that affect brain development. recent reports have shown that mutations in the ca8 gene are associated with mental retardation and ataxia in humans and ataxia in mice. the gene product, carbonic anhydrase-related protein viii (carp viii), is predominantly present in cerebellar purkinje cells, where it interacts with the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1, a calcium channel. in this study, we investiga ...201323087022
cadmium and copper reduce hematopoietic potential in common carp (cyprinus carpio l.) head kidney.the effects of cadmium and copper on activity of common carp head kidney hematopoietic tissue were evaluated. the fish were subjected to short-term (3 h, cd-s and cu-s) or long-term (4 weeks, cd-l and cu-l) exposures to 100% 96hlc₅₀ or 10% 96hlc₅₀, respectively. head kidneys were isolated weekly from 5 fish of each group for 4 weeks (post-short-term exposure and during long-term exposure). percentage of early blast cells among the hematopoietic precursors was calculated. proliferative and apopto ...201323086609
mechanistic target of rapamycin in common carp: cdna cloning, characterization, and tissue expression.the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mtor) plays a key role in growth and development. in the present study, a cdna encoding mtor protein was identified from common carp cyprinus carpio muscle. the open reading frame of this cdna encodes 2515 deduced amino acid residues that showed high sequence similarity with its zebrafish danio rerio counterparts. bioinformatic analysis showed that the protein belongs to the pi-3 kinase family. the putative protein has fat, frb, pi3kc, and fatc domains, which ...201323085275
a comparative study of accumulated total mercury among white muscle, red muscle and liver tissues of common carp and silver carp from the sanandaj gheshlagh reservoir in iran.the sanandaj gheshlagh reservoir (sgr) is a mercury polluted lake that is located in the west of iran. common carp (cyprinus carpio) and silver carp (hypophthalmichthys molitrix) are the most abundant fishes in the sgr. a total of 48 common and silver carps (24 each) were captured randomly, using 50×6 m gill net (mesh size: 5×5 cm) during july to december 2009. each month, the levels of accumulated total mercury (t-hg) in white muscle, red muscle and liver tissues of these fishes were measured u ...201323107055
effect of fish collagen modification on its thermal and rheological properties.this report describes the effects of different methods of silver carp collagen crosslinking on its properties, particularly their thermal, mechanical viscoelastic and biological behavior. enzymatic analyses and determination of the degree of crosslinking showed the stabilizing effect of both dehydrothermal (dht) and 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (edc)/n-hydroxysuccinimide (nhs) treatments on fish collagen. the results of the thermal (dsc) measurements demonstrated that collagen c ...201323123959
enhancement of reproductive performances of gangetic leaffish, nandus nandus through up regulation of serum ca²⁺ concentration, improved morphological alteration of liver and ovary with dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids.incorporation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (pufas) as biofunctional compounds with feed is an effective way for gonadal maturation without any hazardous effects on animal health, and thus it is possible to save the vulnerable species from the danger of extinction. in the present study sperm quality, level of ca(2+) concentration in serum, histological structure of the liver and developmental stages of ovary of an endangered fish species, nandus nandus were investigated for the confirmation of ...201323108804
bioacumulation of cyanotoxins in hypophthalmichthys molitrix (silver carp) in paranoá lake, brasilia-df, brazil.three individuals of silver carp (hypophthalmichthys molitrix) were collected biweekly from paranoá lake (df, brazil) for analysis of microcystin (mc) concentrations in their muscle and liver tissue. analysis by high performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry revealed mc masses and fragmentation patterns that were identified as mc-lr (995.04 m/z), mc-la (909.01 m/z) and an unknown mc (987.07 m/z). concentrations were calculated as mc-lr equivalents using a calibration curve prepared ...201323179164
resampling the bioconcentration factors data from japan's chemical substances control law database to simulate and evaluate the bioconcentration factors derived from minimized aqueous exposure tests.existing standard bioconcentration tests (e.g., the organization for economic cooperation and development [oecd] test guideline 305) require large numbers of test animals and resources. the minimized aqueous exposure test is a new approach based on the standard bioconcentration test but allows estimation of bioconcentration factor (bcf) by minimized sampling of the test fish. the authors collected bcf data (298 curves from 155 chemicals, using common carp as test species) from japan's chemical s ...201323147916
effect of cadmium chloride on secretion of 17β-estradiol by the ovarian follicles of common carp, cyprinus carpio.cadmium (cd(2+)) is a common environmental pollutant present in wastes associated with mining, smelting and electroplating. it is a major constituent of the tobacco smoke. exposure of this heavy metal has been linked to wide range of detrimental effects on mammalian reproduction particularly on ovarian steroidogenesis. low doses of cd(2+) are reported to stimulate ovarian luteal progesterone synthesis whereas high doses inhibited it. cd(2+) exposure is also reported to inhibit gonadal function i ...201323146792
clonal growth of carp (cyprinus carpio) t cells in vitro: long-term proliferation of th2-like cells.carp kidney leukocytes co-cultured with a supporting cell layer resulted in proliferation of polyclonal cd4(+) αβt cells as described previously. these bulk-cultured t cells expressed transcripts for both t helper 1 cells (th1) master regulator (t-bet) and t helper 2 cells (th2) master regulator (gata-3). to identify the th subsets in bulk-cultured t cells, single cells were picked up from the bulk culture, proliferated, and characterized. the majority of the clones displayed characteristics con ...201323182723
soybean meal induces intestinal inflammation in zebrafish larvae.the necessary replacement of fish meal with other protein source in diets of commercially important fish has prompted the study of the effect of the inclusion of different vegetable proteins sources on growth performance and on the gastro-intestinal tract. currently, soybean meal is the primary protein source as a fish meal replacement because of its low price and high availability. likewise, it is been documented that the ingestion of soybean meal by several fish species, such as salmonids and ...201323894568
detrimental effects of metronidazole on the liver of freshwater common carp (cyprinus carpio l.).the widely used antibiotic metronidazole (mtz) was investigated for its toxic effects on the liver of the common carp (cyprinus carpio l.). the fish were exposed to 0.1, 0.5, and 2.5 mg/l mtz in water for 30 days, and parameters that are indicative of liver damage and oxidative stress were measured. mtz increased liver ethoxyresorufin-o-deethylase, malondialdehyde, and glutathione levels, and elevated the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine amino ...201323884169
neuroendocrine-immune interaction: regulation of inflammation via g-protein coupled receptors.neuroendocrine- and immune systems interact in a bi-directional fashion to communicate the status of pathogen recognition to the brain and the immune response is influenced by physiological changes. the network of ligands and their receptors involved includes cytokines and chemokines, corticosteroids, classical pituitary hormones, catecholamines and neuropeptides (e.g. opioids), as well as neural pathways. we studied the role of opioid, adrenergic and melatonin g-protein coupled receptors (gpcr) ...201323201149
restoring catalytic activity to the human carbonic anhydrase (ca) related proteins viii, x and xi affords isoforms with high catalytic efficiency and susceptibility to anion inhibition.mutation of amino acid residues 94, 96 and 119 to histidine(s) in the human carbonic anhydrase (ca, ec 4.2.1.1) related proteins carp viii, x and xi restored the zinc binding and catalytic activity for the hydration of co(2) to bicarbonate. ca viii, x and xi thus obtained showed high catalytic activity (67.3-92.0% of the activity of hca ii and much higher compared to hca i) and were inhibited in the milli-micromolar range by inorganic anions, sulfamide, sulfamic acid, phenylboronic acid and phen ...201323200251
toxicological effects of the antibiotic oxytetracycline to an indian major carp labeo rohita.oxytetracycline (otc), an antibacterial agent, is extensively used in aquaculture practices all over the world. despite its use, the toxicity of otc to freshwater fish has been scarcely investigated. in this study, labeo rohita were exposed to different concentrations (20, 40, 60, 80, 100, and 120 mg l(-1)) of otc. based on the survival-to-mortality ratio, an 80 mg l(-1) concentration was selected for sublethal toxicity analysis. fish were exposed to the above-mentioned concentration for a perio ...201323192588
neuroendocrine modulation of the inflammatory response in common carp: adrenaline regulates leukocyte profile and activity.inflammatory responses have to be carefully controlled, as high concentrations and/or prolonged action of inflammation-related molecules (e.g. reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide and pro-inflammatory cytokines) can be detrimental to host tissue and organs. one of the potential regulators of the inflammatory process are stress mediators including adrenaline. in vivo effects of adrenaline were studied during zymosan-induced (z) peritoneal inflammation in the common carp cyprinus carpio l. adrena ...201323211751
oxidative stress parameters and anti-apoptotic response to hydroxyl radicals in fish erythrocytes: protective effects of glutamine, alanine, citrulline and proline.the present study explored the protective effects of glutamine (gln), alanine (ala), citrulline (cit) and proline (pro) on hydroxyl radical (·oh)-induced apoptosis in isolated carp erythrocytes. hydroxyl radicals were generated by ferrous ion (fe(2+))-mediated decomposition of hydrogen peroxide (h(2)o(2)) (fenton reaction). in order to select an optimal ·oh concentration to induce apoptosis, cultures were treated with different concentrations of feso(4)/h(2)o(2) (0 μm/0 μm-50 μm/25 μm). the resu ...201323220409
in vivo response of melatonin, gonadal activity and biochemical changes during cyp19 inhibited sex reversal in common carp cyprinus carpio (l).cyp19 aromatase is the key enzyme in vertebrate steroidogenesis, catalyzing the conversion of c19 androgens to 17β-estradiol (e(2)). the objective of the present study was to assess the effect of the cyp19 inhibitors (ais) fadrozole and anastrozole on gonadal development and sex differentiation in cyprinus carpio and investigate the possible involvement of in vivo melatonin (mlt) production during sex differentiation. the cyp19 activity in 30 day-post fertilized (30 dpf) fingerlings was inhibite ...201323218911
molecular identification and phylogenetic characterisation of thelohanellus kitauei - short communication.thelohanellus kitauei was isolated from the koi cyprinus carpio haematopterus, and the 18s rrna gene of t. kitauei was amplified by optimised nested-pcr. the pcr product was sequenced and compared with other 18s rrna genes of thelohanellus species to investigate the relationships between their host specificities and infection sites. based on the 18s rrna sequences, t. kitauei is most closely related to t. hovorkai (which can infect the intestine). phylogenetic analysis revealed that t. kitauei w ...201323439288
the protective effect of silymarin on the carbon tetrachloride (ccl4)-induced liver injury in common carp (cyprinus carpio).silymarin, a mixture of bioactive flavonolignans from the milk thistle (silybum marianum), is traditionally used in herbal medicine to defend against various hepatotoxic agents. the aim of the present study was to evaluate the protective effect of silymarin against carbon tetrachloride (ccl4)-induced liver injury in fish. common carp, with an average initial weight of 17.0 ± 1.1 g, were fed diet containing four doses of silymarin (0, 0.1, 0.5, and 1 g/kg diet) for 60 d. fish were then given an i ...201323435858
primary genome scan for complex body shape-related traits in the common carp cyprinus carpio.to identify quantitative trait loci (qtl) that affect body shape in common carp cyprinus carpio, a linkage map, 2159·23 cm long, was constructed with a total of 307 markers covering 51 linkage groups (lg). the map included 167 new single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) markers derived from expressed sequence tags (est) together with 140 microsatellite markers reported earlier. a primary genome scan was conducted for qtl for standard length (l(s)), head length (l(h)), body height (h(b)), body width ...201323331142
high altitude adaptation of the schizothoracine fishes (cyprinidae) revealed by the mitochondrial genome analyses.the schizothoracine fishes, also known as "mountain carps" are widely distributed in the qinghai-tibetan plateau and its peripheral regions. although they provide a prime example of high altitude adaptation, the phylogenetic relationships and the divergence times among these carp lineages are still controversial. moreover, the genetic basis for high altitude adaptation is also poorly understood. in this study, we determined the mitochondrial genomes from two species of the schizothoracine fishes ...201323328645
[carp and psychotherapy].eugène carp (1895-1983) was one of the most prominent professors of psychiatry in the netherlands during the first half of the 20th century. from 1930 until 1963 he was a professor of psychiatry in leiden. his comprehensive textbook of psychiatry was based on psychodynamic theory. he introduced several forms of psychotherapy and promoted psychotherapeutic outcome research. his work on sociotherapy was essential for the introduction of clinical psychotherapy into the netherlands.201323328005
the pathology of selenium deficiency in cyprinus carpio l.selenium is essential for the normal life processes, and all animals, including fish, need this inorganic element. in order to research the pathology of selenium deficiency in common carp, cyprinus carpio l., 360 juvenile carp were allocated to three treatments. each treatment containing 120 fish was randomly divided into four groups, fed with purified diets containing selenium at 0, 0.15, 0.30 and 0.45 mg kg(-1). the results indicated that the morbidity and mortality rates of the test groups we ...201323320605
exposure of silver carp (hypophthalmichthys molitrix) to environmentally relevant levels of cadmium: hematology, muscle physiology, and implications for stock enhancement in the xiangjiang river (hunan, china).cadmium is a non-essential metal with a wide distribution that has severe toxic effects on aquatic animals. changes in hematology and muscle physiology were examined in silver carp (hypophthalmichthys molitrix) exposed to environmentally relevant levels of cadmium (0.01 mg l(-1)) for 96 h. cadmium exposure induced significant increases in the red blood cell count, and in the plasma concentrations of cortisol, glucose, and lactate. this suggests that the dose of cadmium was sufficient to cause st ...201323314869
ecotoxicity and risk to human fish consumers of polychlorinated biphenyls in fish near the hanford site (usa).the purpose of this study was to quantify three groups of polychlorinated biphenyl (pcb) congeners (i.e., dioxin-like toxic equivalents [teq], non-dioxin-like pcbs, total pcbs) in fish in several species, tissues, and locations in the columbia river near the hanford site. for teq and total pcbs, fish ecotoxicity and risk to human fish consumers were also evaluated. non-dioxin-like pcbs were not assessed for toxicity, due to lack of available benchmarks. in sturgeon liver, teq was significantly h ...201323314118
chlorpyrifos-induced changes in oxidant/antioxidant status and haematological parameters of cyprinus carpio carpio: ameliorative effect of lycopene.the present study was carried out to investigate the potential ameliorative effects of lycopene against chlorpyrifos (cpf) toxicity in carp. the fish were divided into 7 different experimental groups and received the following treatments: group 1, control; group 2, orally administered corn oil; group 3, oral lycopene (10 mg kg(-1) body weight); group 4, exposure to 0.040 mg l(-1) cpf; group 5, exposure to 0.040 mg l(-1) cpf plus oral administration of 10 mg kg(-1) lycopene; group 6, exposure to ...201323312461
an update on carbonic anhydrase-related proteins viii, x and xi.the catalytically inactive isoforms of carbonic anhydrase (cas) are known as ca-related proteins (carps) viii, x, and xi. they have highly conserved amino acid sequences. these proteins are predominantly expressed in human and mouse brain, however, their precise roles are poorly known. carp viii is functionally associated with motor coordination in human and mouse. carp x is more highly expressed in the pineal gland during night compared to the day time, suggesting a function for wake/sleep patt ...201323294106
anti-carbamylated protein antibodies are present in arthralgia patients and predict the development of rheumatoid arthritis.recently, we discovered a new autoantibody system in rheumatoid arthritis (ra): anti-carbamylated protein (anti-carp) antibodies. these antibodies have value in predicting joint destruction; however, it is not clear whether they are present before the diagnosis of ra and whether they have value as predictors of ra development. therefore, we studied whether anti-carp antibodies are present in patients with arthralgia and whether their presence is associated with the development of ra.201323279976
spatial and temporal influences on the physiological condition of invasive silver carp.we quantified nutritional and stress parameters (alkaline phosphatase, cholesterol, protein, triglycerides, cortisol, and glucose) in invasive silver carp (hypophthalmichthys molitrix) inhabiting four large rivers throughout three distinct time periods in the midwestern usa. examining the basic biology and ecology of an invasive species is crucial to gain an understanding of the interaction between an organism and its environment. analysis of the physiological condition of wild-caught silver car ...201327293601
scale surface microstructure and scale size in the tooth-carp genus aphanius (teleostei, cyprinodontidae) from endorheic basins in southwest iran.a substantial number of species within the tooth-carp aphanius nardo, 1827 (cyprinodontidae, teleostei) has been recorded from the endorheic drainage systems of iran, and several isolated populations in these systems may deserve species status. descriptions of these species and populations have been based mainly on morphological and molecular data; however, the characters related to the fish scales have not up to now been intensively studied and employed for the identification of the species bel ...201326131487
comparative study on nano-mechanics and thermodynamics of fish otoliths.fish otolith is a kind of typical natural biomineral, which is composed of calcium carbonate and organic matrix. in fresh water carp otolith, the inorganic phase of lapillus is pure aragonite, and for asteriscus it is pure vaterite. in this research, the phase composition, phase transformation, mechanical property and solubility of lapillus and asteriscus were studied. and results showed that, the organic content of lapillus was higher than that of asteriscus; the phase-transition temperature of ...201325428035
preliminary study of the distribution and accumulation of gsh/cys metabolites of hepatotoxic microcystins-rr in common carp from a lake with protracted cyanobacterial bloom (lake taihu, china).tissue distributions and seasonal dynamics of glutathione and cysteine s-conjugates of microcystin-rr in feral fish from lake taihu were studied. high mc-rr-cys was found in tissues, mean mc-rr-cys in kidney (0.253 μg g(-1) dw) was 4 times of that in liver (0.063 μg g(-1) dw). ratios of mc-rr-cys/mc-rr in liver/kidney reached as high as 5.3/39.8, respectively, meanwhile, kidney showed low accumulation of mc-rr and higher formation efficiency of mc-rr-cys than liver (7.51× to liver), this suggest ...201323272327
hypotonic treatment prior to freezing improves cryoresistance of common carp (cyprinus carpio l.) spermatozoa.post-thaw motility rate, curvilinear velocity (vcl), and fertilizing ability of carp spermatozoa can be improved by short-term treatment with moderately hypotonic media prior to freezing. before cryopreservation, carp sperm samples were treated with nacl solutions of differing osmolalities, ranging from 100 to 300mosmkg(-1) for 10s, after which final osmolality was adjusted to 300mosmkg(-1). the resulting sperm suspension was diluted 1:1 with cryoprotective medium and frozen using conventional t ...201323270681
autoimmunity in rheumatoid arthritis: different antigens--common principles.since the identification of antibodies directed against citrullinated protein antibodies (acpa) as specific serological markers for rheumatoid arthritis (ra) the insight into the pathogenesis of ra has made significant progress. it is now realised that ra does not represent one disease entity, as acpa-positive and acpa-negative ra differ in several important aspects. for example, the most prominent genetic risk factors, the human leucocyte antigen shared epitope alleles only predispose to acpa-p ...201323253931
alterations in activity and mrna expression of acetylcholinesterase in the liver, kidney and gill of common carp exposed to atrazine and chlorpyrifos.insecticides and herbicides are widely used in modern agricultural production. the intensive use of insecticide chlorpyrifos (cpf) and herbicide atrazine (atr) has resulted in serious environmental problems. herein, we investigated alteration in activity and mrna levels of ache in the liver, kidney and gill from common carp after 40d exposure to cpf and atr alone or in combination and 20d recovery treatment. results indicated that activity and mrna levels of ache at all high-dose groups have bee ...201323237783
an integrated assessment of sediment remediation in a midwestern u.s. stream using sediment chemistry, water quality, bioassessment, and fish biomarkers.a comprehensive biological, sediment, and water quality study of the lower little scioto river near marion, ohio, usa, was undertaken to evaluate the changes or improvements in biotic measurements following the removal of creosote-contaminated sediment. the study area covered 7.5 river miles (rms), including a remediated section between rms 6.0 and 6.8. fish and macroinvertebrate assemblages, fish biomarkers (i.e., polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon [pah] metabolite levels in white sucker [castosto ...201323233343
occurrence of endocrine disruption chemicals (bisphenol a, 4-nonylphenol, and octylphenol) in muscle and liver of, cyprinus carpino common, from anzali wetland, iran.phenolic endocrine disrupting chemicals are environmental pollutants with xenostrogen effects in wildlife and humans. the aim of this study was to determine 4-nonylphenol, octylphenol, and bisphenol a residues in various tissues of carp fish samples from anzali wetland, iran. 4-np, op, and bpa were detected with gc-ms in the muscle of fish from sampling location with maximal concentrations of 8.17, 9.67 and 5.87 μg/gdw, respectively. the highest concentrations of these compounds were found in th ...201323429963
effect of phenol on ovarian secretion of 17β-estradiol in common carp cyprinus carpio.phenol is a common substance present in many industrial wastewaters and in nonspecific pesticides. due to its solubility and volatility phenol is often found in marine and freshwater environment. it is lipophilic compound and has a high potential for accumulating along the trophic chain. phenol thus is not only a threat to natural environment but also to human health. the effects of phenol on the secretion of 17β-estradiol were examined in female common carp cyprinus carpio. vitellogenic stage f ...201323423282
carp neutrophilic granulocytes form extracellular traps via ros-dependent and independent pathways.neutrophil extracellular traps (nets) have recently been described as an important innate defense mechanism that leads to immobilization and killing of invading pathogens. nets have been identified in several species, but the mechanisms involved in net formation and their role in infection have not been well determined yet. here we show that upon in vitro stimulation with different immunostimulants of bacterial, fungal or viral origin, carp neutrophilic granulocytes rapidly release net structure ...201323422817
gene transfer and mutagenesis mediated by sleeping beauty transposon in nile tilapia (oreochromis niloticus).the success of gene transfer has been demonstrated in many of vertebrate species, whereas the efficiency of producing transgenic animals remains pretty low due to the random integration of foreign genes into a recipient genome. the sleeping beauty (sb) transposon is able to improve the efficiency of gene transfer in zebrafish and mouse, but its activity in tilapia (oreochromis niloticus) has yet to be characterized. herein, we demonstrate the potential of using the sb transposon system as an eff ...201323417791
human consumption as an invasive species management strategy. a preliminary assessment of the marketing potential of invasive asian carp in the us.over the past 20 years, asian carp have invaded rivers and lakes in the midwest and southern united states, with large negative impacts, such as encroachment on the habitat of native fish and mass die-off. they also respond to boat motors by jumping out of the water, which can cause harm to boaters and fishermen. policymakers in the great lakes region between the us and canada are worried about possible expansion of the asian carp to their region and its effects on their fishing industry. a pote ...201323415978
effects of fluoride on liver apoptosis and bcl-2, bax protein expression in freshwater teleost, cyprinus carpio.fish take up fluoride directly from water and are the target organisms for fluoride pollution in the aquatic ecosystems. this study was conducted to evaluate oxidative stress, histopathological changes, apoptosis and bcl-2, bax expression in the livers of the common carp (cyprinus carpio) chronically exposed to fluoride. our results showed that after 90 d of exposure, the inhibition of sod, gsh activities and a dose-dependent stimulation of mda levels in the liver tissues indicated that fluoride ...201323415306
modulation of antioxidant and detoxifying capacity in fish cyprinus carpio (cyprinidae) after treatment with nanocapsules containing lipoic acid.lipoic acid (la) is a water- and lipid-soluble molecule with capacity to pass through cell membranes and with several antioxidant properties. previous studies have shown that polymeric nanocapsules with la favor the protection of this antioxidant, increasing their physical and chemical stability compared to formulations containing free la. the aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the effect of free la and la-nanocapsules on antioxidant enzymes, the concentration of reduced glutathione ( ...201323402748
volume changes during the motility period of fish spermatozoa: interspecies differences.the aim of this study was to describe spermatozoa volume changes during the motility period of fish species with either osmotic (common carp cyprinus carpio) or with ionic (sterlet acipenseri ruthenus and brook trout salvelinus fontinalis) modes of motility activation. nephelometry, light microscopy, and spermatocrit methods were used for quantitative assessment of cell volume changes in media of different osmolalities. significant correlation (r(2) = 0.7341; p < 0.001) between parameter of volu ...201323394972
distribution and accumulation of elements (as, cu, fe, hg, mn, and zn) in tissues of fish species from different trophic levels in the danube river at the confluence with the sava river (serbia).pikeperch (sander lucioperca), european catfish (silurus glanis), common carp (cyprinus carpio), and gobies (neogobius gymnotrachelus, neogobius melanostomus) were collected from the danube river (belgrade section), and samples of liver, muscle, or whole-body composites (in the case of gobies) were analyzed for as, cu, fe, hg, mn, and zn with inductively coupled plasma optical spectrometry to find out if there was a correlation between accumulation of these elements in predatory and prey species ...201323389858
tissue distributions of fluoride and its toxicity in the gills of a freshwater teleost, cyprinus carpio.fish take up fluoride directly from water and are susceptible to fluoride contamination of their environment. in this study, we examined the tissue distributions of fluoride and its toxicity in the gills of the common carp (cyprinus carpio) chronically exposed to fluoride. carp were exposed to a range of aqueous fluoride (35-124 mg/l) and sampled at 30, 60 and 90 days. the accumulation of fluoride in the tissues increased with the level and duration of exposure. steady state was not achieved und ...201323376696
hydroxylated pahs alter the synthesis of androgens and estrogens in subcellular fractions of carp gonads.four different polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (naphthalene, phenanthrene, pyrene, chrysene) and their hydroxylated metabolites (1-hydroxynaphthalene, 9-hydroxy-phenanthrene, 1-hydroxypyrene, 1-hydroxychrysene) were investigated for their ability to alter the synthesis of steroids by testes and ovaries of the carp cyprinus carpio. parental compounds had no significant effect on c17,20-lyase (cyp17), cyp11β and 11β-hsd catalyzed activities, all of them involved in the synthesis of active androge ...201323376527
bioaccumulation and sub-acute toxicity of zinc oxide nanoparticles in juvenile carp (cyprinus carpio): a comparative study with its bulk counterparts.in this study, bioaccumulation and sub-acute toxicity of water-borne nano-zno in the test fish, juvenvile carp (cyprinus carpio) were evaluated. to clarify the contribution of particle size and free zn ion to nps toxicity, its bulk counterparts (bulk-zno) and the released zn(2+) were also tested. the results showed that after a 30-day exposure, 50mg/l of nano-zno and bulk-zno could be significantly accumulated and distributed in various tissues of fish, but nano-zno exhibited more hyper-bioaccum ...201323375439
accumulation and half-lives of 13 pesticides in muscle tissue of freshwater fishes through food exposure.fish are often exposed to various molecules like pesticides. some of these compounds get biomagnified within aquatic food web, inducing health hazards of consumers. however, behaviors of many pesticides are still unknown. this work aims to study the uptake and the elimination of some of them in muscle tissue of edible fish (azoxystrobin, clomazone, diflufenican, dimethachlor, carbendazim, iprodion, isoproturon, mesosulfuron-methyl, metazachlor, napropamid, quizalofop, and thifensulfuron-methyl). ...201323374295
melanocortin receptor 1 and black pigmentation in the japanese ornamental carp (cyprinus carpio var. koi).colors and their patterns are fascinating phenotypes with great importance for fitness under natural conditions. for this reason and because pigmentation is associated with diseases, much research was devoted to study the genetics of pigmentation in animals. considerable contribution to our understanding of color phenotypes was made by studies in domesticated animals that exhibit dazzling variation in color traits. koi strains, the ornamental variants of the common carp, are a striking example f ...201323355846
environmental concentrations and bioaccumulations of cadmium and zinc in coastal watersheds along the chinese northern bohai and yellow seas.cadmium (cd) and zinc (zn) in surface water, sediment, carp, and crab samples collected from upstream and downstream regions of coastal watersheds along the chinese northern bohai and yellow seas were analyzed to provide a comprehensive understanding and assessment of their environmental concentrations and bioaccumulations. the results showed that downstream waters contaminated with zn would have adverse effects on aquatic organisms. although nearly all sediments were contaminated with cd due to ...201323354695
effects of atrazine and chlorpyrifos on the production of nitric oxide and expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase in the brain of common carp (cyprinus carpio l.).the study aimed to investigate the effects of atrazine (atr), chlorpyrifos (cpf), and the mixture of them on nitric oxide (no) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (inos) in the brain of common carp. the triazine herbicide atr and the organophosphorus insecticide cpf are frequently and extensively applied in agriculture all over the world. 220 carps were averagely divided into eleven groups according to the different treatments and concentration, including the exposure and recovery experiments. i ...201323602412
cryopreservation of common carp (cyprinus carpio l.) sperm induces protein phosphorylation in tyrosine and threonine residues.the effect of cryopreservation on the protein phosphorylation/dephosphorylation pattern of common carp (cyprinus carpio) sperm is described. sperm was diluted in dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso) and ethylene glycol (eg)-based extenders, followed by equilibration, freezing, and thawing. proteins extracted from fresh and cryopreserved spermatozoa were separated on sds-page and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, blotted on polyvinylidene difluoride membrane, and treated with anti-phosphotyrosine, anti-p ...201323602083
identification of reproduction-related genes and ssr-markers through expressed sequence tags analysis of a monsoon breeding carp rohu, labeo rohita (hamilton).labeo rohita (ham.) also called rohu is the most important freshwater aquaculture species on the indian sub continent. monsoon dependent breeding restricts its seed production beyond season indicating a strong genetic control about which very limited information is available. additionally, few genomic resources are publicly available for this species. here we sought to identify reproduction-relevant genes from normalized cdna libraries of the brain-pituitary-gonad-liver (bpgl-axis) tissues of ad ...201323583682
increased food intake in growth hormone-transgenic common carp (cyprinus carpio l.) may be mediated by upregulating agouti-related protein (agrp).in fish, food intake and feeding behavior are crucial for survival, competition, growth and reproduction. growth hormone (gh)-transgenic common carp exhibit an enhanced growth rate, increased food intake and higher feed conversion rate. however, the underlying molecular mechanisms of feeding regulation in gh-transgenic (tg) fish are not clear. in this study, we observed feeding behavior of tg and non-transgenic (nt) common carp, and analyzed the mrna expression levels of npy, agrp i, orexin, pom ...201323583469
risk assessment of microcystins in silver carp (hypophthalmichthys molitrix) from eight eutrophic lakes in china.bioaccumulation and risk assessment of microcystins (mcs) in muscle of silver carp (hypophthalmichthys molitrix) from eight eutrophic lakes along the yangtze river of china were examined by using liquid chromatography electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry. mcs contents in seston collected from these eutrophic lakes ranged from 0.02 to 21.7 μg/l. mcs concentrations in silver carp muscle samples varied from 0.014 to 0.036 μg/g dw with an average of 0.028 μg/g dw. the total length of silver car ...201323578609
survival of heterophyid metacercaria in common carp (cyprinus carpio).heterophyidae are small intestinal trematodes that infect vertebrates worldwide. common carp (cyprinus carpio) is one of the most preferred freshwater fish species by consumers in asia, the region where fish-borne trematodes like heterophyidae are most prevalent. how long heterophyidae survive in common carp is unknown. the objective of this study was to quantify survival of heterophyidae in common carp after experimental exposure. fish of 0.18 g were either used as controls or exposed to 250 he ...201323568581
orally administered lps enhances head kidney macrophage activation with down-regulation of il-6 in common carp (cyprinus carpio).immunostimulants represent a promising aquaculture tool for enhancing disease and stress resistance in cultured fish. moreover, the term and dose for acting immunostimulants is an important thing for fish farmer. this study investigated the immune parameters of common carp after oral administration of lps (5, 10, 20 μg/kg/days) for 30 and 60 days, which is considered to be the proper time period for acting in aquaculture. phagocytic and bactericidal activities of head kidney macrophages and seru ...201323567856
a note on the special fillet fatty acid composition of the dwarf carp (cyprinus carpio carpio) living in thermal lake hévíz, hungary.fatty acid (fa) composition of the fillet and the intestinal content of dwarf common carp (cyprinus carpio carpio) living in lake hévíz was determined in wintertime collected samples and results were compared to widespread literature data on carp. fillet fa profile of the thermally adapted (28 °c) hévíz dwarf carps differed from profiles originated from divergent culture and feeding conditions in the overall level of saturation. fillet myristic acid proportions largely exceeded all literature da ...201323567829
cytotoxic effects and changes in cytokine gene expression induced by microcystin-containing extract in fish immune cells--an in vitro and in vivo study.blooms of cyanobacteria producing very toxic secondary metabolites (especially microcystins) are potent environmental stressors, hazardous not only to aquatic animals but also to public health. the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of an extract containing microcystins on immune cells isolated from the common carp (cyprinus carpio l.). in the present study it has been found that the extract induced apoptosis and inhibited in vitro lymphocyte proliferation. in addition, the res ...201323542884
effects of environmental factors on natural reproduction of the four major chinese carps in the yangtze river, china.the four major chinese carps are commercially important fish species with high production in china. however, their recruitment decreased sharply in the yangtze river since the late 20(th) century. in the present study, to reveal the relationships between spawning activities of the four species and environmental factors, drifting eggs were collected at yidu city, in the middle reaches of the yangtze river, from may to july each year between 2005 and 2010. classification and regression trees (cart ...201323537240
high-confidence de novo peptide sequencing using positive charge derivatization and tandem ms spectra merging.de novo peptide sequencing holds great promise in discovering new protein sequences and modifications but has often been hindered by low success rate of mass spectra interpretation, mainly due to the diversity of fragment ion types and insufficient information for each ion series. here, we describe a novel methodology that combines highly efficient on-tip charge derivatization and tandem ms spectra merging, which greatly boosts the performance of interpretation. tmpp-ac-osu (succinimidyloxycarbo ...201323536960
genotoxicity and antioxidant enzyme activity induced by hexavalent chromium in cyprinus carpio after in vivo exposure.fish, being an important native of the aquatic ecosystem, are exposed to multipollution states and are therefore considered as model organisms for ecotoxicological studies of aquatic pollutants, including metal toxicity. we investigated oxidative stress (os) in liver, kidney and gill tissues through antioxidant enzyme activities and genotoxicity induced in whole blood and gill tissues through comet assay and micronucleus (mn) test in cyprinus carpio after 96-hour in vivo static exposure to potas ...201323534497
wrist and shoulder posture and muscle activity during touch-screen tablet use: effects of usage configuration, tablet type, and interacting hand.due to its rapid growth in popularity, there is an imminent need for ergonomic evaluation of the touch-screen tablet computing form-factor.201323531566
molecular cloning and characterization of amh, dax1 and cyp19a1a genes and their response to 17α-methyltestosterone in pengze crucian carp.the proteins encoded by amh, dax1 and cyp19a1a play important roles in gonad differentiation. their functions have been far less studied in teleosts. in this study, the full-length cdnas of amh, dax1 and cyp19a1a were cloned and characterized in a triploid gynogenic fish, the pengze crucian carp. their expression profilings in juvenile development, adult tissues and juveniles exposed to 100 ng/l 17α-methyltestosterone (mt) were investigated. results showed that their putative proteins shared hig ...201323528270
slaf-seq: an efficient method of large-scale de novo snp discovery and genotyping using high-throughput sequencing.large-scale genotyping plays an important role in genetic association studies. it has provided new opportunities for gene discovery, especially when combined with high-throughput sequencing technologies. here, we report an efficient solution for large-scale genotyping. we call it specific-locus amplified fragment sequencing (slaf-seq). slaf-seq technology has several distinguishing characteristics: i) deep sequencing to ensure genotyping accuracy; ii) reduced representation strategy to reduce se ...201323527008
soybean β-conglycinin induces inflammation and oxidation and causes dysfunction of intestinal digestion and absorption in fish.β-conglycinin has been identified as one of the major feed allergens. however, studies of β-conglycinin on fish are scarce. this study investigated the effects of β-conglycinin on the growth, digestive and absorptive ability, inflammatory response, oxidative status and gene expression of juvenile jian carp (cyprinus carpio var. jian) in vivo and their enterocytes in vitro. the results indicated that the specific growth rate (sgr), feed intake, and feed efficiency were reduced by β-conglycinin. i ...201323520488
carp head kidney leukocytes display different patterns of oxygen radical production after stimulation with pamps and damps.wound healing and tissue regeneration are essential mechanisms to ensure the survival and health of any organism. despite this, only a few studies have been devoted to study tissue regeneration during wound healing in fish. reactive oxygen species (ros), in particular hydrogen peroxide, play an important dual role both for promoting tissue repair, but also for eradication of pathogens. this study aims at dissecting the contribution of pamps (using β-glucan) and damps in the respiratory burst res ...201323517739
artificially-born "killer" lake: phytoplankton based water quality and microcystin affected fish in a reconstructed lake.lake karla (greece) is an example of a lake ecosystem which was dried in 1960's and now is restored, facing various anthropogenic pressures, whereas it is also listed in the network of greek protected areas in terms of its conservation value. the objective of the present study was to determine the presence of microcystins (mcyst) in the lake water and their accumulation in tissues of the commercial fish species cyprinus carpio, along with the highlighting of phytoplankton community and general l ...201323500405
a consensus linkage map of common carp (cyprinus carpio l.) to compare the distribution and variation of qtls associated with growth traits.the ability to detect and identify quantitative trait loci (qtls) in a single population is often limited. analyzing multiple populations in qtl analysis improves the power of detecting qtls and provides a better understanding of their functional allelic variation and distribution. in this study, a consensus map of the common carp was constructed, based on four populations, to compare the distribution and variation of qtls. the consensus map spans 2371.6 cm across the 42 linkage groups and compr ...201323483339
cloning, expression, and bioinformatics analysis of the sheep carp gene.the cardiac ankyrin repeat protein (carp) is a multifunctional protein that is expressed specifically in mammalian cardiac muscle and plays important roles in stress responses, transcriptional regulation, myofibrillar assembly, and the development of cardiac and skeletal muscle. in this study, the sheep homolog of the carp gene was cloned and characterized. the coding region of the gene consists of 960 bp and encodes 319 amino acids with molecular weight 36.2 kd. bioinformatics analysis demonstr ...201323475534
diclofenac-induced oxidative stress in brain, liver, gill and blood of common carp (cyprinus carpio).due to its analgesic properties, diclofenac (dcf) is one of the most commonly used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (nsaids). while residue from this pharmaceutical agent has been found in diverse water bodies in various countries, there is not enough information of its potential toxicity on aquatic organisms, particularly in species which are economically valuable due to their high consumption by humans, such as the common carp cyprinus carpio. this study aimed to evaluate potential dcf-in ...201323474065
oxidative stress in carp exposed to quinclorac herbicide under rice field condition.this study evaluated parameters of oxidative stress and antioxidant profile in fish after herbicide exposure. cyprinus carpio were exposed to quinclorac (initial concentration 344.60μg/l) for 7, 30, and 90 days under rice field condition. thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (tbars) were evaluated in brain, liver and muscle tissues, and protein carbonyl in liver. enzymatic parameters such as catalase (cat) and gluthatione s-transferase (gst) activities also were studied in liver. tbars levels ...201323474064
chitosan-nanoconjugated hormone nanoparticles for sustained surge of gonadotropins and enhanced reproductive output in female fish.a controlled release delivery system helps to overcome the problem of short life of the leutinizing hormone releasing hormone (lhrh) in blood and avoids use of multiple injections to enhance reproductive efficacy. chitosan- and chitosan-gold nanoconjugates of salmon lhrh of desired size, dispersity and zeta potential were synthesized and evaluated at half the dose rate against full dose of bare lhrh for their reproductive efficacy in the female fish, cyprinus carpio. whereas injections of both t ...201323468918
trophic interactions of the endangered southern river otter (lontra provocax) in a chilean ramsar wetland inferred from prey sampling, fecal analysis, and stable isotopes.non-invasive methodological approaches are highly recommended and commonly used to study the feeding ecology of elusive and threatened mammals. in this study, we use multiple lines of evidence to assess the feeding strategies of the endangered southern river otter, by determining seasonal prey availability (electrofishing), analysis of undigested prey remains (spraints), and the use of stable isotopes (δ(15)n and δ(13)c) in otter spraints (n = 262) and prey in a wetland ecosystem of southern chi ...201323467968
compositional characteristics of materials recovered from headed gutted silver carp (hypophthalmichthys molitrix) by isoelectric solubilization and precipitation using organic acids.protein was recovered from headed gutted silver carp by isoelectric solubilization at ph 2.5, 3.0, 11.5, or 12.0 and precipitation (isp) at ph 5.5 using acetic (aa) or a 30% formic and lactic acid combination (f&l) and 10 n sodium hydroxide. total protein and fat recovery yields, proximate composition and mineral analyses of fractions were determined. protein and lipid recovery yields when solubilized under basic conditions were comparable to yields reported from other studies using hydrochloric ...201323458747
contamination of the river ganga and its toxic implication in the blood parameters of the major carp labeo rohita (ham).a field study was conducted to examine different physicochemical properties of water and various haematological and biochemical parametres of the fish labeo rohita collected from the ganga river (national river of india) at varanasi district, india. the water was found to be greatly contaminated with a number of dissolved metals (fe, cr, zn, cu, mn, ni and pb) whose concentrations were above the safe limits suggested by bureau of indian standard (bis 1991) for drinking water (fe, 1,353.33 %; cr, ...201323456946
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