Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| role of genes 4 and 6 for the expression of some biological properties of influenza virus a/pr/8/34. | genetic composition and biological properties of influenza virus recombinants a/pr/8/34 (h1n1) and a/greifswald/6/74 (h3n2) were analysed. the haemagglutinin (ha) gene of the strain a/pr/8/34 was shown an important part of the gene complex determining the virulence for mice, the yield of ha and the plaque forming capacity. the exchange of the ha gene with that of an another strain led to a drastic reduction of these properties. on the other hand, the introduction of the ha gene of a/pr/8/34 stra ... | 1983 | 6140830 |
| k2-tartarate gradient centrifugation in the isolation of purified influenza virus haemagglutinin after bromelain cleavage. | a method of haemagglutinin (ha) purification by means of k2-tartarate gradient centrifugation is described. different influenza virus strains possessing the antigenic formulas h1n1, h2n2 and h3n2 yielded pure and immunologically active ha samples. | 1983 | 6140831 |
| blastogenic lymphocyte response as indicator of cell-mediated immunity in humans vaccinated with live and inactivated influenza vaccines. | the level and dynamics of lymphocyte blastogenesis in response to phytohaemagglutinin (pha) and to specific influenza virus antigen were studied in 3 groups of humans, vaccinated with live or inactivated whole virion influenza vaccines (h3n2 type) and placebo (control group). both live and inactivated influenza vaccines did not change significantly the functional activity of t lymphocytes as determined by the mean values of stimulation index (si). the analysis of individual values of pha-depende ... | 1983 | 6140837 |
| location of ts defects in the genome of cold-adapted recombinant influenza a virus vaccine strains. | the ts phenotype and location of ts mutations were studied in the genome of parent viruses and those obtained by recombination of cold-adapted strains a/leningrad/134/17/57 or a/leningrad/134/47/57 with epidemic h1n1 and h3n2 influenza a virus strains. the epidemic h1n1 and h3n2 strains under study possessed a ts phenotype and contained ts mutations in one or two genes. the ts phenotype was lost following three clonings at 40 degrees c, suggesting that influenza virus strains isolated from human ... | 1984 | 6147996 |
| the intestine of ferret--a possible site of influenza virus replication. | anal virus shedding and stimulation of the immune response were observed in ferrets after oral and rectal administration of influenza a/hongkong/1/68 (h3n2) virus. despite of the low ph in the stomach, the virus had reached the intestines after oral administration and was found in high concentration in faeces and in mucosal cells lining the colon. using immunofluorescent staining, the virus antigen was detected in cytoplasm of columnar epithelial cells. virus replication also occurred in the res ... | 1984 | 6148853 |
| cytotoxic t cell recognition of the influenza nucleoprotein and hemagglutinin expressed in transfected mouse l cells. | l cells expressing either the a/nt/60/68 nucleoprotein or the a/pr/8/34 (h1) hemagglutinin by dna mediated gene transfer were used to investigate recognition by influenza a specific cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctl). a subpopulation of ctl that recognized the h1 hemagglutinin was detected in mice primed with either a/pr/8/34 (h1n1) or a/jap/305/57 (h2n2) influenza viruses. however, neither ctl from mice primed with a/nt/60/68 (h3n2) nor the recombinant virus x31 (h3n2) showed any activity on l cells ... | 1984 | 6091906 |
| [heterogeneity of monospecific antibodies to the hemagglutinin of influenza virus h3n2 studied by radioimmunological analysis]. | heterogeneity of antibodies against influenza virus hemagglutinin has been confirmed. various subpopulations of antibodies to the a/khabarovsk/15/76 hemagglutinin were demonstrated some of which showed greater affinity to mrc-11 hemagglutinin than to the ha of the strain inducing this antibody synthesis. apparently subpopulations of antibodies with low affinity to their "own" epitopes in the hemagglutinin-immunogen may develop which, however, may show a sufficiently high affinity to these epitop ... | 1984 | 6084896 |
| prevalence of antibodies against respiratory viruses in children of koulikoro (mali). | the prevalence of antibodies to viruses associated with respiratory illnesses (influenza, corona, r.s., adeno, parainfluenza mycoplasma pneumoniae) has been investigated in 119 children under 3 years of age (koulikoro region mali) and 50 persons 15-19 years of age (bamako/mali). in the surveillance period (march 1982-september 1982) an outbreak of respiratory disease in association with rs virus took place. a rise of cf titer has been found in 90.8% of the children; 59.1% of them presented a fou ... | 1984 | 6087520 |
| genome analysis of epidemic influenza virus strains isolated in 1979-1983. | comparative studies on the electrophoretic mobility of double-stranded rna segments constructed of the genome of isolates under study and of reference influenza virus strains of respective serotypes are suggestive for the evolution of majority of the genes of both a and b influenza viruses, including their genes coding for non-glycosylated proteins. among influenza a and b virus strains which were circulating during the same epidemic, there were variants differing from each other in a number of ... | 1984 | 6152126 |
| advantage of live attenuated cold-adapted influenza a virus over inactivated vaccine for a/washington/80 (h3n2) wild-type virus infection. | the efficacy of live attenuated cold-adapted (ca) reassortant influenza virus vaccine against experimental challenge with homologous wild-type virus 5 to 8 weeks after vaccination was compared with that of licensed inactivated vaccine in 81 seronegative (haemagglutination-inhibition antibody titre less than or equal to 1:8) college students. at a dose of 10(7.5) 50% tissue culture infectious dose (tcid50) (70 hid50, human 50% infectious doses) the live virus vaccine, given intranasally, complete ... | 1984 | 6143042 |
| antiviral activity of aryl-furfurane derivatives. | of 27 aryl-furfurane derivatives (afd) studied, 13 compounds were found to have antiviral activity against echo 6, herpes simplex, vaccinia, and influenza a/hong kong/1/68 (h3n2) viruses, the highest inhibition being observed with echo 6 virus. the maximum tolerated concentrations (matc) of afd inhibited the macromolecular syntheses in echo 6 virus-infected cell cultures. | 1984 | 6143495 |
| from the national institutes of health. summary of a meeting on the origin of pandemic influenza viruses. | influenza type a virus periodically undergoes major antigenic shifts in which the hemagglutinin (hag) and sometimes the neuraminidase (na) antigens are replaced by hag and na antigens of another subtype. three such shifts have taken place since the virus was first isolated, and all appear to have occurred in china. the way in which these "new" influenza type a viruses suddenly appear (or reappear) in the human population is not known. at a meeting held in beijing, china, on november 10-12, 1982, ... | 1984 | 6198405 |
| [characteristics of the causative agents of the influenza a (h3n2) epidemic in leningrad in 1983]. | investigation of influenza a (h3n2) epidemic of 1983 in leningrad revealed simultaneous circulation of 3 antigenic variants similar to a/bangkok/1/79, a/bangkok/2/79, and a/philippines/2/82 with significant predominance of the first antigenic variant. the viruses related to a/philippines/2/82 comprising one-third of all isolations produced antibodies of a wide spectrum unlike the other two variants whose antisera neutralize actively the homologous virus only. the possibility of selecting epidemi ... | 1984 | 6235673 |
| suppression of influenza virus replication in infected mice by protease inhibitors. | administration of the protease inhibitors, epsilon-aminocaproic acid or aprotinins, to mice infected with mouse-adapted influenza virus strain a/pr/8/34 (hon1) and a/aichi/2/68 (h3n2) reduced virus replication in the lungs. up to 100-fold reduction of virus titre and virus-induced neuraminidase activity were revealed in mouse lungs under protease inhibitor treatment. as a result, drug-treated mice rapidly cleared the virus from their lungs. the predominant synthesis was of non-infectious virions ... | 1984 | 6198446 |
| recognition of influenza a virus nucleoprotein by an h-2-restricted cytotoxic t-cell clone. | cytotoxic t-cell clones raised against x-31 (h3n2) influenza virus in c57bl/6 mice can be directed against an influenza a virus subtype specific determinant (1). a representative t-cell clone (a3.1) has been used in combination with a set of genetically typed recombinant viruses, to show that the a/pr/8/34 nucleoprotein can be responsible for cytotoxic t-lymphocyte recognition of infected target cells. | 1984 | 6200990 |
| [combined use of interferon inducers and recombinant influenza viruses for protection from the disease]. | the data on the use of national interferon inducers ( polyguacyl and double-stranded rna) in combination with original h1n1 and h3n2 influenza viruses and recombinant strains with the same antigenic properties in laboratory animals are presented. recombinants were found to produce a more marked effect: 3--6-fold increased protection of mice depending on the interferon inducer, higher titres of interferon and antibody, than the original influenza viruses. a simultaneous use of interferon inducers ... | 1984 | 6203227 |
| an antigenic map of the haemagglutinin of the influenza hong kong subtype (h3n2), constructed using mouse monoclonal antibodies. | panels of monoclonal antibodies were raised to the haemagglutinin of strains of the hong kong subtype of influenza (h3n2), namely hong kong 1968, england 1972, port chalmers 1973, victoria 1975 and texas 1977. the probable binding sites of individual antibodies in each panel were determined by correlation of cross-reactivity with 16 heterologous strains from the same subtype, and amino acid differences between their haemagglutinin molecules. this led to an approximation of the "average repertoir ... | 1984 | 6205255 |
| trials of live attenuated influenza virus vaccine in patients with chronic obstructive airways disease. (mrc advisory group on pulmonary function tests in relation to live influenza vaccines). | three controlled trials of attenuated live influenza vaccines in patients with chronic bronchitis with airways obstruction are described. a recombinant virus with parentage from pr8/34 (h1n1) and a/alaska/77 (h3n2) was present in the vaccine (rit 4199) used in the first two trials. in the third trial a cold-adapted recombinant virus vaccine (a/washington/80, h3n2) was used. no adverse effects were noted in the first two trials in which half of the patients responded serologically to the vaccine. ... | 1984 | 6378239 |
| metaplasia of the lung respiratory epithelium and antibody dynamics in mice repeatedly infected with various subtypes of influenza virus a. | mice were repeatedly infected with consecutive doses of mouse-adapted strains of influenza virus a hon1, h1n1, h2n2, and h3n2. homo- and heterologous antibody levels as well as the incidence of metaplasia were followed. statistically significant correlation was found between the metaplasia incidence and higher level of antibodies homologous to virus used for a given challenge dose. | 1984 | 6205549 |
| the dynamics of serum antibodies and metaplasia of the lung respiratory epithelium in influenza-virus-preimmunized mice subjected to immunosuppression. | mice preimmunized with influenza virus a scotland 840/74 h3n2 were given cyclophosphamide or hydrocortisone, then challenged with the same active virus. serum antibody levels and metaplasia of the respiratory epithelium were followed for the next two weeks. administration of the immunosuppressors was found to decrease antibody levels, and to delay the appearance of metaplasia by 7 days as compared with controls. | 1984 | 6205551 |
| [comparative studies on the detection of antibodies to influenza virus antigen using enzyme immunoassay and counterimmunoelectrophoresis]. | antibodies to influenza nib-6 (h1n1) and a/bangkok/1/79 (h3n2) were measured by enzyme immunoassay (eia) and counterimmunoelectrophoresis (cie) in sera from 87 adult volunteers following influenza vaccination. the results of both methods correlated with each other (r = 0,41 and r = 0,32 for both viruses). the eia procedure employed in the present study was more sensitive than the cie. | 1984 | 6390994 |
| analysis by monoclonal antibodies of h3n2 subtype of influenza a viruses in japan and south east asia during 1980-1982. | 1984 | 6431023 | |
| the role of hypothalamic centres in the immune specific response. | four groups of rats were bilaterally lesioned in the anterior, lateral, tuberal and mammillary areas of hypothalamus. seven days later these rats, as well as controls, were immunized concomitantly with three antigens: salmonella enteritidis, sheep red blood cells and myxovirus influenzae a (h3n2). the primary and the secondary response were tested. the bacterial and erythrocytic antigens, with marked immunogenetic capacity, produced immune responses, which were not significantly influenced by hy ... | 1984 | 6441174 |
| [circulation of influenza a virus (h3n2) and its role in the occurrence of epidemics 1976-1981]. | in 1976-1981 the etiology of influenza epidemics was mixed, influenza viruses a(h3n2), a(h1n1) and b taking part in them simultaneously. the active circulation of influenza virus strains with different antigenic structures was established: influenza virus a(h3n2) circulated in 1976, and since november 1977 simultaneous spread of influenza viruses a(h3n2) and a(h1n1) was observed, the epidemic activity of strain a(h3n2) being noticeably decreased during this period; in the autumn and winter month ... | 1984 | 6231786 |
| most influenza a virus-specific memory cytotoxic t lymphocytes react with antigenic epitopes associated with internal virus determinants. | this paper shows that most murine (c57bl/6) influenza a virus-specific memory cytotoxic t lymphocyte (ctl) clones tested in limiting dilution did not react with the influenza a virus surface glycoproteins, hemagglutinin (ha) and neuraminidase (na). this lysis of syngeneic target cells infected with the influenza a virus strains, aichi (h3n2), pr8 (h1n1), or recombinant strain x31 (h3n2) indicates that most antigenic epitopes recognized are associated with internal virus determinants. x31 and pr8 ... | 1984 | 6198430 |
| antigenic analyses of influenza virus haemagglutinins with different receptor-binding specificities. | monoclonal antibodies were used to compare the antigenicities of the haemagglutinins of two receptor binding mutants of x-31 (h3n2) influenza virus. the mutants which differed from each other in recognizing sialic acid in either alpha 2-6 linkage or alpha 2-3 linkage to galactose also differed exclusively at residue 226 of the ha1 polypeptides of their haemagglutinins (g. n. rogers, j. c. paulson, r. s. daniels, j. j. skehel, i. a. wilson, and d. c. wiley, nature (london) 304, 76-78, 1983). the ... | 1984 | 6208680 |
| nucleoproteins of animal influenza viruses, in contrast to those of human strains, are not cleaved in infected cells. | we previously reported that nucleoproteins (nps) of human influenza viruses are cleaved in infected cells and, as a result, two forms of np, uncleaved (mol. wt. 56000) and cleaved (mol. wt. 53000) were accumulated late in infection. here, we report that nps of animal influenza viruses of non-human origin (isolated from pigs, equids , seals, whales, birds) exhibited proteolytic resistance in infected cells and did not undergo a change in mol. wt. in the course of infection. the resistance of the ... | 1984 | 6374032 |
| influenza a virus infection imitating bacterial sepsis in early infancy. | clinical and laboratory data of 12 previously healthy infants under 3 months of age hospitalized for suspected sepsis and subsequently diagnosed as suffering from influenza a viral infection were obtained prospectively during two epidemics of influenza a/bangkok/h3n2 epidemics. the onset of the illness was generally acute, and the infants presented with high fever, lethargy often alternating with irritability, anorexia and signs of upper respiratory tract infection. history of contact with at le ... | 1984 | 6377255 |
| interpretation of responses and protective levels of antibody against attenuated influenza a viruses using single radial haemolysis. | antibody determinations against h3n2 and h1n1 type a influenza viruses were carried out on paired sera obtained from volunteers taking part in influenza virus vaccine studies, using both the haemagglutination-inhibition (hi) and single radial haemolysis (srh) test. good correlation between the hi and srh test was found for both h3n2 and h1n1 antibody and the zone area increases corresponding to significant srh antibody rises determined for both virus strains. in both h3n2 and h1n1 vaccine studie ... | 1984 | 6389697 |
| influenza virus in ruminants: a review. | the host range and pathology of influenza viruses in ruminants is not yet known. however, based on published results of serological and viral studies the following epidemiological features are documented. positive serology using the complement-fixation technique has been reported for a2/japan/305/57, sw/15, sw/shope/58, a/equi/prague/57, and b/johannesburg/59 in the united states and against a and b viruses in italy. using the hemagglutination inhibition test, positive findings have been reporte ... | 1984 | 6390588 |
| the influenza a virus nucleoprotein gene controls the induction of both subtype specific and cross-reactive cytotoxic t cells. | using genetically typed recombinant influenza a viruses that differ only in their genes for nucleoprotein, we have demonstrated that repeated stimulation in vitro of c57bl/6 spleen cells primed in vivo with e61-13-h17 (h3n2) virus results in the selection of a population of cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctl) whose recognition of infected target cells maps to the gene for nucleoprotein of the 1968 virus. influenza a viruses isolated between 1934 and 1979 fall into two groups defined by their ability t ... | 1984 | 6206181 |
| studies on the adaptation of influenza viruses to mdck cells. | the amino acid sequences and biological properties of the haemagglutinin of three variants of the influenza virus x-31 (h3n2) selected for their capacity to grow in mdck cells are reported. in two variants, amino acid substitutions at ha1 residues 8 and 144 correlated with the loss of a site for glycosylation and specific changes in antigenicity, respectively. in all three variants substitution of an arginine residue for histidine at ha1 position 17 was correlated with increased ph optima of hae ... | 1984 | 6526017 |
| safety of prolonged administration of rimantadine hydrochloride in the prophylaxis of influenza a virus infections in nursing homes. | we evaluated the safety of rimantadine hydrochloride (rh) prophylaxis in a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in three nursing homes during a community epidemic of influenza a (h3n2). although daily monitoring of the 35 participants revealed an association between rh administration (100 mg twice a day) and the development of nausea and anxiety (p less than 0.05), these and other potential side effects were transient and were rarely considered to be clinically significant. serum rh levels mea ... | 1984 | 6476812 |
| [detection of influenza virus a antigens by radioimmunological methods in patients' nasopharyngeal washings]. | 9olid-phase radioimmunoassay (spria) was used for the detection of influenza a (h3n2,h1n1) and b viruses in nasopharyngeal washings of patients admitted in january-march, 1983, to the 1st clinical hospital of moscow city with acute respiratory diseases. the solid phase consisted of nitrocellulose filters and plastic plates which were coated with nasopharyngeal washings of the patients. rabbit or horse antiviral immunoglobulins were used as antibodies. 125i-labeled protein a was the indicator sys ... | 1984 | 6495704 |
| transplacental passage of influenza a/bangkok (h3n2) mimicking amniotic fluid infection syndrome. | influenza virus infection complicating pregnancy remains a matter of concern because of the frequency of these infections and possible associated increased maternal and perinatal risks. influenza a/bangkok (h3n2) infection occurred in a gravid woman in association with fever, chills, and uterine tenderness and contractions together with maternal and fetal tachycardia. initial evaluations led to consideration of amniotic fluid infection syndrome with planned termination of the pregnancy. examinat ... | 1984 | 6465250 |
| age and secular distributions of virus-proven influenza patients in successive epidemics 1961-1976 in cirencester: epidemiological significance discussed. | a general practice population of around 3900, under continuous clinical and laboratory surveillance, experienced 20 outbreaks of influenza between march 1960 and march 1976. four epidemics were caused by subtype h2n2 type a viruses, seven by subtype h3n2 type a viruses and nine outbreaks by type b viruses. the age of every person proved virologically to have influenza is related to the age structure of the community and to the phase of the epidemic in which the virus-positive specimens were coll ... | 1984 | 6736641 |
| isolation and preliminary characterization of a highly cytolytic influenza b virus variant with an aberrant ns gene. | by repeated backcrosses of influenza virus a/aichi/2/68 (h3n2) with b/yamagata/1/73 in mdck cells, a virus clone with ha of b serotype (clone b/610b5b/201, or clone 201) was obtained, which formed sharp plaques in mdck cells and induced a severe cell lysis early after infection. its structural proteins were indistinguishable from those of b/yamagata. electrophoresis of the rna of the clone also showed an identical pattern to that of b/yamagata except rna segment 8 (ns gene), which migrated faste ... | 1984 | 6740944 |
| priming of virus-immune memory t cells in newborn mice. | neonatal balb/c mice can be primed at birth by intravenous inoculation of a small dose of a/puerto rico/8/34 (h1n1) (pr8) influenza virus. uv-inactivated pr8 virus, or pr8 virus complexed with monoclonal antibody to give a secondary cytotoxic t lymphocyte response when restimulated in vitro as adults. the frequency of responding t cells after secondary stimulation in vitro is approximately 40% of that found for adult mice primed intraperitoneally with a large dose of pr8 virus. the majority of t ... | 1984 | 6606624 |
| specificity of in vitro anti-influenza virus antibody production by human lymphocytes: analysis of original antigenic sin by limiting dilution cultures. | the fine specificity of the antibody produced in in vitro cultures of human lymphocytes stimulated with influenza virus was investigated. the antibody was specific for the stimulating type of virus in that cultures stimulated with type b influenza virus made little or no antibody to type a viruses and vice versa. there was a degree of cross-reactivity among the type a viruses, however, both within and between subtypes. in general, more antibody was made to the stimulating strain of virus than to ... | 1984 | 6606679 |
| use of zwitterionic detergent for the preparation of an influenza virus vaccine. 1: preparation and characterization of disrupted virions. | the zwitterionic, empigen bb an alkylbetaine based on a c12-c14 alcohol was shown to disrupt influenza a and b viruses in such a way as to retain the biological activity of the surface haemagglutinin (ha) and neuraminidase (na) antigens. the optimal conditions required to obtain the maximum recovery of ha and na activity from purified influenza x47 (h3n2) virus concentrate after treatment with empigen, and the nature and the morphological appearance of the empigen-treated preparations both befor ... | 1984 | 6531961 |
| peculiarities of influenza infection caused by highly and poorly immunogenic strains of influenza virus. | the authors studied the peculiarities of the course of experimental influenza infection induced by the administration of highly and poorly immunogenic strains of influenza virus to mice. influenza viruses with varying immunogenic activity were obtained from the vaccine strain a/victoria/35/72/50 (h3n2) by immunoselection modelling the process of natural selection. the administration of strains with high and poor immunogenicity to mice of the f1 (cba x c57b1) line led to the development of acute ... | 1984 | 6544322 |
| [nucleotide sequence of the hemagglutinin gene of the influenza virus a/udorn/307/72 (h3n2)]. | 1984 | 6548691 | |
| shared idiotopes among monoclonal antibodies specific for a/pr/8/34 (h1n1) and x-31(h3n2) influenza viruses. | a monoclonal antibody specific for the hemagglutinin (ha) of influenza a x-31 (h3n2) virus (x-31) was obtained during a fusion of spleen cells from a balb/c mouse immunized with influenza a/pr/8/34 (h1n1) virus (pr8). this monoclonal antibody (py206) shares crossreactive idiotopes expressed on several monoclonal antibodies specific for pr8 ha and x-31 ha as well as an individual idiotope shared with one monoclonal antibody specific for x-31 ha. the presence of shared idiotypy among antibodies of ... | 1984 | 6584913 |
| [immunity against influenza virus types a and b in the ruhr region]. | haemagglutination-inhibiting antibodies against influenza virus types a and b were determined in the sera of 733 healthy persons among the population of the ruhr region. the receptivity rate for the total population to strains a/philippines 2/82 (h3n2) and a/brazil 1/78 (h1n1) was 60% and 80%, respectively. it was as high as greater than 95% with respect to type b (hongkong). these findings support the call for more widespread anti-influenza vaccination during the winter half-year. | 1984 | 6510247 |
| [persistent influenza virus infection in a mdck cell culture]. | a model of persistent influenza infection (pii) induced by influenza a/victoria/35/72 (h3n2) virus in mdck cell culture has been constructed. the model was observed for 165 days. it was characterized by the lack of visible signs of virus reproduction, a low number of antigen-containing cells (0.02-0.05%), irregular virus isolation (at 20, 28, 32, 44, 52, 62, 92, 135, 148, 158 days after primary inoculation) which was possible only with special methods. interferon and dip were found not to be the ... | 1984 | 6516326 |
| [changes in the population composition of the peripheral blood lymphocytes and the humoral immune response of persons inoculated with live influenza vaccines]. | live influenza vaccines prepared from influenza virus strains h/32/5 (h1n1) and h/1/2/17 (h3n2) induce the formation of humoral immunity only in a part of the vaccinees and cause the transitory quantitative deficiency of t-lymphocytes in their blood, resulting in the poorly pronounced booster effect of the subsequent revaccination. | 1984 | 6524175 |
| comparison of monoclonal antibodies with ferret sera for the characterization of influenza a (h3n2) virus strains in a computer system. | a panel of murine monoclonal antibodies was generated against five different influenza a (h3n2) virus strains, isolated between 1977 and 1980. monoclonal antibodies with defined specificities in haemagglutination inhibition tests for the strains against which they had been raised were selected. eventually 18 of these were chosen and tested against a large number of recent h3n2 isolates. the results were compared with those obtained with antisera from ferrets immunized with the five strains menti ... | 1984 | 6526140 |
| characterization of the genotype and level of attenuation of an influenza a reassortant virus produced by mating the xia-ts donor virus with a/beijing/70 (h1n1) wild type virus. | two h1n1 progeny viruses derived by mating the attenuated donor virus, the a/ningxia/72-ts (h3n2), and the a/beijing/70 (h1n1) wild type virus were characterized for their genotype and their level of attenuation in susceptible adult volunteers. one progeny virus, clone px62, was not a reassortant since it received each of its eight rna segments from the h1n1 wild type virus. this virus caused febrile influenza illness. another progeny virus, clone pxh107, was a reassortant which received the gen ... | 1984 | 6531960 |
| live attenuated influenza a virus vaccines in children: results of a field trial. | one hundred three young children were inoculated intranasally with either influenza a/california/10/78 cold-recombinant vaccine (10(6.7) 50% tissue culture infective doses [tcid50] per child), cr-37 (h1n1), or influenza a/washington/897/80 cold-recombinant vaccine (10(6.5) tcid50 per child), cr-48 (h3n2). the vaccine was well tolerated. of the 51 children vaccinated with cr-37 (h1n1), 45 were initially seronegative for this virus; 33 of the 45 became infected with the vaccine virus, as indicated ... | 1984 | 6501927 |
| [epidemiologic surveillance of influenza in rome (1981-1982)]. | in the period from september 1981 to april 1982, one strain of influenza virus (a-h3n2) was isolated from 121 throat cultures obtained from patients with acute febrile respiratory disease. a sero-epidemiological survey on 520 serum samples and evaluation of excess mortality from respiratory diseases did not show significant activity of influenza viruses during the period from october 1981 to october 1982. | 1984 | 6534394 |
| influenza surveillance in rio de janeiro between 1980-1981: a virological and serological study. | laboratory surveillance of influenza has shown a low virus activity in rio de janeiro during 1980 and 1981. a few influenza a (h3n2) viruses were isolated in both years during the winter months. serological investigations showed that this subtype has circulated mostly among children under 10 years of age. no h1n1 virus was isolated but an increase in the proportion of adults with antibody to this virus was noted in sera collected in 1981. influenza b virus was isolated from children in the sprin ... | 1984 | 6535914 |
| lung alterations in guinea-pigs infected with influenza virus. | guinea-pigs were infected intranasally with influenza a hong kong 68 (h3n2) virus. infective particles were re-isolated from lung homogenates up to 3 days after inoculation and indicated local replication. the subsequent lung inflammatory stages were studied by light microscopy, scanning and transmission electron microscopy (tem). lung alterations appeared after 24 h and intensified up to 7 days after virus inoculation, progressively decreasing until 3 weeks thereafter. the damage was reversible ... | 1984 | 6330181 |
| [immunogenic properties of epidemic and recombinant strains of influenza viruses h1n1 and h3n2]. | the study of the immunogenic properties of epidemic influenza viruses h1n1 and h3n2 isolated from patients in 1979-1982 revealed a high immunogenic activity of h3n2 viruses. recombinant strains of both subtypes (h1n1 and h3n2) had a higher immunogenicity than the original viruses. the intensity of immunity determined for an antigenically close pathogenic strain was considerably higher than for an antigenically remote pathogenic virus which is important for obtaining accurate information on the i ... | 1984 | 6464424 |
| [inhibition of the hemolytic activity of influenza viruses by antibody]. | haemolysis caused by influenza viruses is known to occur below ph 6; the ph-optimum for each virus strain is different. clear dose-effect correlations were found to prevail between the amount of haemolysis and virus concentration. antibody-mediated inhibition of haemolysis has been investigated with the strain a/pr/8/34 (h1n1) and the recombinant x-73 (h3n2). inhibition of haemolysis by antisera against different influenza. a virus subtypes suggests that haemolysis inhibiting antibodies are not ... | 1984 | 6207814 |
| human sera possess a limited antibody repertoire to influenza neuraminidase antigenic variants selected in vitro. | four antigenic variants of the neuraminidase (na) of a/texas/77 (h3n2) virus were selected using monoclonal antibody at a frequency of one variant in 10(5) parental virions. the antigenic variants failed to react serologically with the monoclonal antibody used for their selection in vitro. the antigenic variants failed also to react serologically with a proportion of sera from children and adults although all of the sera reacted with the parental a/texas/77 virus. thus, certain human sera have a ... | 1984 | 6707473 |
| [isolation of natural cold variants from influenza virus strains similar to a/bangkok/1/79 (h3n2)]. | two natural cold variants were isolated from influenza virus strains similar to a/bangkok/1/79 (h3n2) and their antigenic and some biological properties were studied in comparison with the original strains. no correlation between the temperature sensitivity of the strains and other properties was found. | 1984 | 6710976 |
| [molecular genetic analysis of a cold-adapted donor attenuation strain for a pediatric liver influenza vaccine, of recombinants based on it and of isolates from vaccinated children]. | the recombination test demonstrated that in the genome of a highly attenuated cold-adapted variant of influenza a/leningrad/134/47/57 virus five genes coding for nonglycosylated proteins (1, 2, 5, 7, 8) carried ts mutations. hybridization of this variant with epidemically important strains of influenza h1n1 and h3n2 viruses produced recombinants which inherited hemagglutinin and neuraminidase from the epidemic strains and 5 (h1n1) and 6 (h3n2) genes coding for nonglycosylated proteins from the c ... | 1984 | 6710977 |
| dose response of influenza a/washington/897/80 (h3n2) cold-adapted reassortant virus in adult volunteers. | 1984 | 6726006 | |
| a pseudo-outbreak of influenza a associated with use of laboratory stock strain. | in november 1982, when influenza type a(h3n2) viruses were spreading in the united states, influenza a(h1n1) viruses were reportedly isolated from 10 hospitalized patients in new mexico, only two of whom had influenza-like illnesses. reference stock influenza a/fort monmouth (fm)/1/47(h1n1) virus had been used to prepare fluorescent antibody test slides in the laboratory reporting the isolates. after investigation, it was concluded that the isolates from the patients' cultures were a result of l ... | 1984 | 6721019 |
| sialidase assay by luminescence in the low picomole-range of sialic acid. its application to the measurement of this activity in influenza virus. | a new procedure for a sialidase assay, by bioluminescence, has been developed. the substrate, n- acetylneuraminyllactose (sialyllactose), hydrolysed by the sialidase activity, releases lactose. this lactose is hydrolysed with beta-galactosidase. the released galactose is oxidized with galactose dehydrogenase and nad. the nadh produced in the last step is measured by a luminescence system, coupling two enzymes, nad(p)h dehydrogenase (fmn) and luciferase. this microassay, which is specific, rapid, ... | 1984 | 6735352 |
| a one-year study of trivalent influenza vaccines in primed and unprimed volunteers: immunogenicity, clinical reactions and protection. | three hundred volunteers were divided into two age groups, 14-30 years and 31-60 years. each participant was immunized intramuscularly with a subunit, whole virus or absorbed whole virus vaccine, containing a/bangkok/1/79 (h3n2), a/brazil/11/78 (h1n1) and b/singapore/222/79 influenza virus. serum haemagglutination-inhibition (hi) antibody response, protection, and reactogenicity were studied after one and two doses of the vaccines. primary immunization induced much higher percentages of hi antib ... | 1984 | 6736638 |
| pulmonary deposition and clearance of aerosolized interferon. | small particle aerosols of a hybrid dna recombinant human alpha interferon, a/d bgl, and a related dna recombinant leukocyte interferon, a, were generated and delivered to mice for 23.5 h a day for 4 consecutive days. the antiviral activity of these interferons in delivery reservoirs, in the aerosols generated, and in the lungs of test mice was monitored during and after aerosol administration in cytopathic effect inhibition assays, using vesicular stomatitis virus as the indicator virus. in add ... | 1984 | 6742817 |
| combined interferon-alpha 2, rimantadine hydrochloride, and ribavirin inhibition of influenza virus replication in vitro. | recombinant dna-produced human interferon-alpha 2 inhibited the replication of influenza a and b viruses in primary rhesus monkey kidney cells (rmk). human interferon-alpha 2 interacted additively or synergistically with rimantadine hydrochloride or ribavirin in reducing the yield of clinical isolates of either h3n2 or h1n1 subtype influenza a viruses. the combination of human interferon-alpha 2 and ribavirin also inhibited the replication of an influenza b virus to a greater extent than either ... | 1984 | 6703684 |
| epidemiological evaluation of the protection conferred by the nivgrip vaccine against influenza caused by the a(h3n2) virus. | the protection conferred by the inactivated influenza vaccine nivgrip against influenza caused by the a(h3n2) virus was demonstrated in three school communities of a large urban centre during the epidemic outbreaks occurring in the winter season of 1983. the specific protection was reflected by the lower morbidity by influenza-like respiratory infections and by the absence or scarcity of postinfluenza complications in vaccinees. | 1984 | 6710860 |
| [cold-adapted strain of a/leningrad/134/47/57 (h2n2)--a special attenuation donor of live influenza vaccine for children and the isolation of its recombinants]. | a cold-adapted a/leningrad/134/47/57 (h2n2) strain, a special donor of attenuation for generation of recombinant vaccine strains safe for children, has been developed and characterized. the genetic markers of this virus (temperature sensitivity of the cold-adapted strain, temperature optimum of the neuraminidase activity) were compared with those of a/leningrad/134/17/57 (h2n2) strain, a donor of attenuation for a live influenza vaccine for adults. the a/leningrad/134/47/57 (h2n2) strain was fou ... | 1984 | 6710978 |
| recombinant cold-adapted attenuated influenza a vaccines for use in children: molecular genetic analysis of the cold-adapted donor and recombinants. | a previously described cold-adapted attenuated virus, a/leningrad/134/17/57 (h2n2), was further modified by 30 additional passages in chicken embryos at 25 degrees c. this virus had a distinct temperature-sensitive (ts) phenotype, grew well in chicken embryos at 25 degrees c, and failed to recombine with reference ts mutants of fowl plague virus containing ts lesions in five genes coding for non-glycosylated proteins (genes 1, 2, 5, 7, and 8). recombination of a/leningrad/134/47/57 with wild-typ ... | 1984 | 6724694 |
| recombinant cold-adapted attenuated influenza a vaccines for use in children: reactogenicity and antigenic activity of cold-adapted recombinants and analysis of isolates from the vaccinees. | reactogenicity and antigenic activity of recombinants obtained by crossing cold-adapted donor of attenuation a/leningrad/134/47/57 with wild-type influenza virus strains a/leningrad/322/79(h1n1) and a/bangkok/1/79(h3n2) were studied. the recombinants were areactogenic when administered as an intranasal spray to children aged 3 to 15, including those who lacked or had only low titers of pre-existing anti-hemagglutinin and anti-neuraminidase antibody in their blood. after two administrations of va ... | 1984 | 6724695 |
| responses to one or two doses of a deoxycholate subunit influenza vaccine in a primed population. | a trial with a trivalent influenza subunit vaccine prepared with sodium deoxycholate was carried out in 88 volunteers between may and november 1981. each haemagglutinin antigen was present at 7 micrograms per dose. fourfold or greater haemagglutination inhibition antibody (hi) responses to the h1n1 virus a/brazil/11/78 occurred in 70% of volunteers following a single dose. for the h3n2 virus a/bangkok/1/79 and b/singapore/222/79 these figures were 52 and 11%, respectively. no increase in the ant ... | 1984 | 6531951 |
| results of a two-year study of humoral immunity to influenza a and b viruses in children under the age of 14 years in moscow and its suburbs. | a serological survey of antibodies to influenza a(h1n1), a(h2n2), a(h3n2) and b viruses was done with sera collected in moscow in october 1980 and november 1981 from 542 children under 14 years of age. the results of the study showed convincingly that influenza a(h2n2) viruses were not circulating in moscow in 1980-81. low titres found in the sera from four young children were due to cross-reactions which were eliminated from the sera by absorption with a/ussr/174/79(h3n2) virus. low-level hi ti ... | 1984 | 6609021 |
| relative immunogenicity of the cold-adapted influenza virus a/ann arbor/6/60 (a/aa/6/60-ca), recombinants of a/aa/6/60-ca, and parental strains with similar surface antigens. | the immunogenicity of several cold-adapted (ca) viruses was compared in csl mice with that of wild-type parental viruses with similar surface antigens, according to the vaccinating dose required to clear a challenge consisting of 10(4.5) 50% tissue culture infective doses of the wild-type virus. all ca viruses were less immunogenic than their wild-type parental strains by a factor of 10(1.3) to 10(3.4), probably due to the restricted capacity of ca viruses to replicate in the respiratory tracts ... | 1984 | 6693167 |
| studies of a recombinant which inherited the haemagglutinin from the human influenza virus a/hong kong/1/68 (h3n2) and other genes from influenza virus a/duck/ukraine/1/63 (h3n8). | a recombinant (r3/3) has been obtained which inherited the gene coding for the haemagglutinin from human influenza virus a/hong kong/1/68 (h3n2), and seven other genes from influenza virus a/duck/ukraine/1/63 (h3n8). the recombinant r3/3 had properties, a ts+ phenotype and a capability of reproducing in chick embryos, similar to those of the duck influenza virus, but, in contrast to this parent, had lost its ability to reproduce in organ cultures of colon of ducks and chickens as well as in mono ... | 1984 | 6693854 |
| inactivated influenza virus vaccines in man: a comparative study of subunit and split vaccines using two methods for assessment of antibody responses. | the serum antibody responses and reactions of volunteers to a trivalent subunit influenza virus vaccine prepared using cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (ctab) or trivalent split vaccine prepared by ether-extraction, were essentially similar, although the antibody levels to the a/brazil/78 (h1n1) components of the vaccine were greater in volunteers receiving the subunit preparation. antibody responses to the vaccines were assessed using both the haemagglutination-inhibition (hi) and single radial ... | 1984 | 6531953 |
| antibody status to influenza a/singapore/1/57(h2n2) in finland during a period of outbreaks caused by h3n2 and h1n1 subtype viruses. | the incidence of haemagglutination inhibition (hi) antibody (titre greater than or equal to 12) to influenza a/singapore/1/57(h2n2) in sera collected from a finnish population in the summer of 1981 was 58%. subjects born after 1968 were essentially seronegative, and a comparable low hi antibody status was also recorded among the elderly, the lowest being in people born during the period 1901-10. a small increase in antibody titre to the h2n2 virus was observed in the different age groups after i ... | 1985 | 4067298 |
| [structure of major oligomannoside chains of influenza virus a/leningrad/385/80 (h3 n2) hemagglutinin]. | the structure of four main oligomannosidic carbohydrate chains isolated from influenza virus a/leningrad/385/80 (h3n2) hemagglutinin has been elucidated using 1h nmr spectroscopy. the data obtained suggest that splitting off four alpha 1-2 linked mannose residues under alpha-mannosidase action is the limiting and selective stage of transformation of high mannose carbohydrate chain to complex chain during biosynthesis of glycoproteins. | 1985 | 4091863 |
| characteristics of a swine recombinant influenza virus isolated in 1980: recombination between swine and the earliest hong kong (h3n2) viruses. | a recombinant (h1n2, formerly hsw1n2), a/swine/ehime/1/80 was found to possess antigenic biological and genomic characteristics different from those of a previous a/swine/kanagawa/2/78 (h1n2) strain. five monoclonal antibodies to a/nj/8/76 differentiated the haemagglutinin molecules of the former virus from the latter, showing that these viruses differed at two-antigenic determinants at least. immuno-double diffusion tests with antisera to the isolated neuraminidase and neuraminidase-inhibition ... | 1985 | 4060856 |
| forecasting the epidemic potential of influenza virus variants based on their molecular properties. | sequence analysis of the influenza haemagglutinin, ha (h1 and h3) suggests that many antigenic variants that are identified but which do not become predominant differ from contemporary epidemic strains in one or two amino acids, in the region 188-193. this information may assist in the optimum selection of vaccine strains when multiple variants are co-circulating. genome analysis of h1n1 virus, from 1977 to 1983 (but not of h3n2 virus thus far) has identified two instances when large changes in ... | 1985 | 4060855 |
| characterization of a 1980-swine recombinant influenza virus possessing h1 hemagglutinin and n2 neuraminidase similar to that of the earliest hong kong (h3n2) virus. | a recombinant (h1n2, formerly hsw 1n2), a/swine/ehime/1/80 was found to possess antigenic, biological and genomic characteristics different from those of a previous a/swine/kanagawa/2/78 (h1n2) strain. five monoclonal antibodies to a/nj/8/76 definitely differentiated the hemagglutinin molecules of the former virus from the latter, showing that these viruses differed, at least, at two antigenic determinants. neuraminidase-inhibition tests with monoclonal antibodies to different h2n2 and h3n2 viru ... | 1985 | 4062559 |
| analysis of the genome of influenza a virus strains (h3n2) isolated during the epidemic season of 1982-1983. | the crna:vrna hybridization technique was used to analyse h3n2 influenza virus isolates obtained from influenza patients in the united kingdom and the u.s.a. (alaska) during the epidemic season of 1982-1983. the majority of isolates differed from reference h3n2 influenza virus strains a/bangkok/1/79 and a/philippines/2/82 as well as from one another in the homology of nearly all the genes. no identical strains were detected among the isolates including the ones isolated in the same town and at t ... | 1985 | 4062561 |
| [synthesis of peptide fragments of influenza virus a/aichi/2/68 (h3n2) hemagglutinins]. | peptides corresponding to sequences 122-133, 136-147, and 154-164 of the heavy chain of hemagglutinin of the a/aichi/2/68 (h3n2) influenza virus have been synthesized by stepwise elongation of the peptide chain with boc-amino acid activated esters or by condensation of peptide blocks by dcc/hobt-method. a coloured c-protecting group, 2-[4-(phenylazo)-benzylsulfonyl]ethyl (pse), was used, which is convenient in purification of synthetic peptides. after removal of terminal n-and c-protecting group ... | 1985 | 4062990 |
| interactions between human polymorphonuclear leukocytes and influenza virus. | the effects of influenza virus a (h3n2) on several functions of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (pmn) were examined. incubation of pmn with virus induced chemiluminescence, aggregation, and degranulation of the leukocytes. the amount of chemiluminescence generated increased from 1 x 10(6) to 6 x 10(6) cpm when 2.5 x 10(6) to 2 x 10(7) virus particles were added to 2.5 x 10(6) pmn. maximal aggregation occurred within 2 min and the response depended on the amount of virus added to the pmn. rele ... | 1985 | 4089541 |
| ganglioside gm1b as an influenza virus receptor. | receptor activity toward influenza virus a/aichi/2/68 (h3n2) of a pair of gangliosides, gm1b (neuac alpha 2-3 ga1 beta 1-3 galnac beta 1-4 gal beta 1-4 glc beta 1-1'-ceramide) and gm1a (gal beta 1-3 galnac beta 1-4 (neuac alpha 2-3) ga1 beta 1-4 glc beta 1-1'-ceramide) is described. receptor activity was monitored by an assay system including incorporation of gangliosides into chicken asialoerythrocytes which had lost the biological response for the virus, and subsequent estimation of recovery o ... | 1985 | 4060848 |
| subclass distribution and molecular form of immunoglobulin a hemagglutinin antibodies in sera and nasal secretions after experimental secondary infection with influenza a virus in humans. | serum and nasal wash specimens from 13 human volunteers undergoing experimental secondary infection with influenza a/peking/2/79 (h3n2) wild-type virus were examined for the molecular form and subclass distribution of immunoglobulin a (iga) antibodies to the viral hemagglutinin (ha). nasal iga antibodies were polymeric and did not bind radiolabeled secretory component, indicating that they were secretory iga antibodies. both iga1 and iga2 antibodies were detected; however, iga1 accounted for mos ... | 1985 | 4031039 |
| [heterogeneity of carbohydrate fragments in heavy and light chains of influenza virus a/leningrad/385/80 (h3n2) hemagglutinin]. | comparative analysis of carbohydrate chains variations in influenza virus a/leningrad/385/80 (h3n2) hemagglutinin (ha) and its heavy (ha1) and light (ha2) chains has been carried out. the carbohydrate chains of these three glycoproteins were eliminated by reductive cleavage of n-glucosaminidic linkages under libh4 - tert-buoh treatment. fractionation of the oligosaccharides thus obtained by means of gel chromatography and hplc resulted in isolation of 21 individual oligosaccharides from each gly ... | 1985 | 4038352 |
| [influenza vaccine stimulation of antibodies to different variants of influenza a virus]. | the capacity of live influenza type a (h3n2) vaccines to produce antihemagglutinins and antineuraminidase antibody to drift variants of a given serosubtype emerging later than the vaccine strain was studied. for this purpose, a wider set of antigens was used to examine retrospectively by the hi and virus elution from erythrocyte inhibition tests the paired sera from the subjects immunized in 1975 and 1976 with live vaccine virus strains similar to a/port chalmers/1/73 (h3n2) and a/victoria/3/75. ... | 1985 | 4049840 |
| [comparative evaluation of the therapeutic effectiveness of virazole and remantadine in patients with influenza caused by a(h3n2) and b viruses]. | therapeutic effectiveness of virazole in treatment of patients with influenza caused by a (h3n2) and b viruses (1980-1984) was demonstrated in 432 patients with the laboratory-confirmed diagnosis of influenza. provided the treatment started on the 1st day of the disease, the experimental group showed normalization of fever and regression of toxicity symptoms within shorter periods than the controls. however in treatment of patients with influenza caused by a (h3n2) virus virazole showed a less m ... | 1985 | 4049841 |
| [circulation of the influenza virus on poultry-raising farms]. | the results of examinations for immunity to influenza in chickens and the personnel handling them at the permanently observed farm are presented. antibodies mainly to the same antigenic variants of human influenza viruses were found in chicken and human blood sera. alongside with antihemagglutinins to influenza a (h3n2) virus strains, chicken in 1983-1984 were found to have antibodies to influenza b virus epidemically important in those years. thus, in poultry farms human influenza viruses are i ... | 1985 | 4049842 |
| attenuation of wild-type human influenza a virus by acquisition of the pa polymerase and matrix protein genes of influenza a/ann arbor/6/60 cold-adapted donor virus. | wild-type influenza a viruses can be attenuated for humans by the acquisition of genes from the a/ann arbor/6/60 cold-adapted (ca) donor virus. six-gene reassortants, that is, viruses containing the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase surface glycoprotein genes of the wild-type virus and the six remaining rna segments of the ca donor virus, are consistently attenuated for humans. during the production of a six-gene reassortant virus containing the surface glycoproteins of the a/washington/897/80 (h3 ... | 1985 | 4056002 |
| prophylactic amantadine dose and plasma concentration-effect relationships in healthy adults. | amantadine dose, plasma concentration, prophylactic and adverse effect relationships for prevention of influenza a virus infection in healthy young adult subjects were investigated in a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. seventy-four subjects with hemagglutination inhibition antibody titers less than or equal to 16 against an attenuated influenza a virus af9/montreal/3/72 (h3n2) were randomly allocated to groups taking 0 (placebo), 25, 100, or 150 mg amantadine syrup prophylactically twice ... | 1985 | 3967455 |
| efficacy of influenza vaccine in nursing homes. reduction in illness and complications during an influenza a (h3n2) epidemic. | from december 10, 1982, to march 4, 1983, when influenza a (h3n2) viruses circulated in michigan, outbreaks of influenza-like illness were identified in seven nursing homes in genesee county; 272 (27%) of 1,018 residents were affected. unvaccinated residents were more likely than vaccinated residents to become ill (risk ratio [rr], 2.6; 95% confidence interval [cl], 1.8-3.6) and were subsequently more likely to be hospitalized (rr, 2.4; 95% cl, 1.2-4.8), develop roentgenographically proven pneum ... | 1985 | 3968844 |
| in vitro production of ige and igg protein by blood mononuclear cells from non-atopic and atopic donors. | the production of ige and igg protein by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells in culture has been examined. cells obtained from 18 grass-sensitive donors during the grass pollen season and from 11 atopic dermatitis patients (total serum ige levels greater than 960 ng/ml), spontaneously produced significant amounts of ige but not igg with time. similar results were obtained using b-cell enriched preparations from both groups. cells from 16 non-atopic donors had mean levels of pre-formed ige s ... | 1985 | 3993866 |
| [analysis of the influenza situation in the ussr and the gdr in nonepidemic (1978-1979) and epidemic (1979-1980) seasons]. | analysis of comparative surveillance on influenza carried out in the ussr and the gdr is presented. it was shown that both in the nonepidemic and epidemic seasons the incidence of influenza in the ussr increased considerably earlier than in the gdr. in the nonepidemic season of 1978-1979, strains of different antigenic structure were in circulation in the ussr and the gdr, whereas the epidemic of 1979-1980 was induced by new drift variants of a(h3n2) virus, a/bangkok/1/79 and a/bangkok/2/79. the ... | 1985 | 4002688 |
| tecumseh study of illness. xiii. influenza infection and disease, 1976-1981. | the occurrence of influenza was followed in tecumseh, michigan during the five year period 1976-1981 by identifying onset of acute respiratory illness and by virus isolation and serology. type b outbreaks were observed in 1976-1977 and 1979-1980, type a (h3n2) in 1977-1978 and 1980-1981, and type a (h1n1) viruses in 1977-1978, 1978-1979, and 1980-1981. evidence of low level circulation of viruses in the year preceding an outbreak was not obtained. age-specific isolation rates from specimens coll ... | 1985 | 4014174 |
| heterogeneity among influenza h3n2 isolates recovered during an outbreak. brief report. | isolates of the h3n2 subtype recovered during an outbreak have been analyzed at the genomic and protein level. no reassortant genomes were detected. by t1-oligonucleotide fingerprinting of rna segments coding for hemagglutinin (ha), nucleoprotein (np), and neuraminidase (na) two genotypes were found. | 1985 | 4015407 |
| severity of fever in influenza: studies on the relation between viral surface antigens, pyrexia, level of nasal virus and inflammatory response in the ferret. | previous work has shown that fever in influenza of ferrets occurs following release of endogenous pyrogen from virus-phagocyte interaction in the upper respiratory tract (urt), and suggested that the poor inflammatory response and correspondingly low fever elicited by a/puerto rico/8/34 (h1n1), compared with h3n2 reassortant clones of a/puerto rico/8/34-a/england/939/69, were related to its h1 and n1 surface antigens. nasal virus levels, inflammatory and pyrexial responses produced in ferrets by ... | 1985 | 4020349 |
| natural heterogeneity of shape, infectivity and protein composition in an influenza a (h3n2) virus preparation. | influenza a (x31) virus was purified over a zonal sucrose gradient. the resulting gradient fractions were examined by electron microscopy, ha and infectivity titrations and gel electrophoresis. the fractions containing a homogeneous suspension of spherical particles had the highest infectivity per amount of viral protein and a much higher ha:m ratio than the unfractionated preparation. these results explain differences in the proportions of ha and m protein we have reported elsewhere on monodisp ... | 1985 | 4024729 |
| recent h1n1 viruses (a/ussr/90/77, a/fiji/15899/83, a/firenze/13/83) replicate poorly in ferret bronchial epithelium. brief report. | three recent wild-type h1n1 influenza virus isolates (a/ussr/90/77, a/fiji/15899/83 and a/firenze/13/83) replicated poorly in organ cultures of ferret bronchial tissue compared with the replication of an h3n2 wild-type virus (a/england/939/69). all four viruses replicated well in nasal turbinate tissue. examination of one h1n1 virus (a/ussr/90/77) in vivo showed heavy infection in the upper respiratory tract of ferrets but little in the lower respiratory tract. these results raise the possibilit ... | 1985 | 4026584 |
| role of serum in stimulation of polymorphonuclear leukocyte, luminol-dependent chemiluminescence by influenza a. | granulocyte membrane perturbation activates oxidative metabolism with the release of highly reactive species (o2-, h2o2, oh., and 'o2) and emission of light (chemiluminescence (cl)). using the cl response as a measure of oxidative metabolism, we assayed the effects of influenza a on the granulocyte respiratory burst. human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (pmns) were isolated by ficoll-hypaque cushioning and dextran sedimentation. the isolated pmns were incubated with egg-grown influenza a (h3n2) vi ... | 1985 | 3970456 |
| nucleoprotein and membrane protein genes are associated with restriction of replication of influenza a/mallard/ny/78 virus and its reassortants in squirrel monkey respiratory tract. | an avian influenza a virus, a/mallard/ny/6750/78(h2n2), was restricted in in replication in the respiratory tract of squirrel monkeys. avian-human influenza a reassortant viruses possessing the six rna segments coding for nonsurface proteins (i.e., internal genes) of this avian virus were as restricted in replication in squirrel monkeys as their avian influenza parent. these findings indicated that restriction of replication of the avian influenza virus is a function of one or more of its intern ... | 1985 | 3973966 |
| [immunovirologic markers of the risk of influenza a h3n2 among swine]. | a seroepidemiological survey using the radial haemolysis test has been performed on a representative sampling of the pig herds in brittany. since 1978, influenza a h3n2 strains spread in that reservoir giving subclinical infections. we detected antibodies directed against the influenza prototypes isolated during the human outbreaks from 1973 to 1977. only one h3n2 virus was isolated in 1980: its antigenic structure was in agreement with the previous serological data. in 1984 outbreaks of swine i ... | 1985 | 4095329 |
| epizootics of respiratory tract disease in swine in belgium due to h3n2 influenza virus and experimental reproduction of disease. | in belgium, influenza virus was isolated from swine in 22 epizootics of respiratory tract disease in swine during 1984. in 8 of the epizootics, h3n2 influenza virus, related to the a/port chalmers/1/73 strain, was isolated. intratracheal inoculation of the isolates induced clinical signs. it was concluded that the a/port chalmers/1/73 strain was established in the belgian swine population and was responsible for the epizootics of respiratory tract disease in swine. | 1985 | 2413789 |