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[treatment of atypical pneumonia with josamycin].in the present study the clinical efficacy and tolerance of josamycin (1 g every 12 hours) was prospectively evaluated for the empirical therapy of patients below 70 years with community acquired pneumonia of atypical presentation (ap), without respiratory failure, radiological cavitation or risk factors of pharyngeal colonization by gram-negative bacilli. during a 28-month period 168 patients adequate for the study were included. the etiological diagnosis was established in 56 cases (33.3%); in ...19892716415
further characterization of a bacteriophage recovered from an avian strain of chlamydia psittaci.the genome of a 22 nm icosahedral phage which infects some avian chlamydia psittaci strains recovered from domestic ducks has been characterized as a ss circular dna molecule of about 4850 bases. the replicative form of this genome was isolated from purified chlamydial organisms. a restriction endonuclease cleavage site map of the genome was constructed from dsdna synthesized in vitro from ss phage dna and ecori fragments were then cloned into puc9. the phage genome was detected only by southern ...19892732718
a prospective hospital study of the aetiology of community-acquired pneumonia.in a one-year prospective study of 106 adults (mean age, 60 years) who were admitted to hospital with community-acquired pneumonia, an aetiological diagnosis was made in 82 (77%) patients. streptococcus pneumoniae was considered to be responsible for 44 (42%) and respiratory viruses for 19 (18%) infections. other aetiological agents that were found in a smaller number of patients included haemophilus influenzae (9% of patients), enteric gram-negative bacilli (8% of patients), staphylococcus aure ...19892739613
chlamydia psittaci excretion in ovine milk tested. 19892750065
pulsed-field gel electrophoresis determination of the genome size of obligate intracellular bacteria belonging to the genera chlamydia, rickettsiella, and porochlamydia.the chromosome length of obligate intracellular procaryotes was determined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of intact or noti- and sfii-restricted genomes. sizes averaged 2,100, 1,720, 1,550, 2,650, and 1,450 kilobases for rickettsiella grylli, rickettsiella melolonthae, porochlamydia buthi, porochlamydia chironomi, and chlamydia psittaci and chlamydia trachomatis, respectively. an sfii restriction map of the r. melolonthae genome was derived.19892753864
an outbreak of psittacosis in minnesota turkey industry workers: implications for modes of transmission and control.from june through november 1986, an outbreak of psittacosis occurred in turkey industry workers in central minnesota. a total of 186 suspect cases were identified, and 122 cases (66%) were serologically confirmed. cases occurred in three turkey processing plants, two rendering plants, one farm, and one "further processing" plant (where meat is removed from previously eviscerated carcasses and consumer products, such as roasts, are made). as in previous outbreaks, workers exposed to the viscera o ...19892764001
haemolytic anaemia due to cold agglutinins caused by psittacosis.a 69-yr-old previously healthy woman, presenting with jaundice and the clinical symptoms of an atypical pneumonia, was hospitalized. haemolytic anaemia due to cold agglutinins was diagnosed, and erythromycin therapy for a suspected mycoplasma pneumoniae infection was instituted. serological testing revealed, however, that the infection was attributable to chlamydia psittaci. the literature on psittacosis and haematological complications is reviewed. cold agglutinins are sometimes found in associ ...19892770941
variations in the virulence of strains of chlamydia psittaci for pregnant ewes.invasive and non-invasive strains of chlamydia psittaci isolated from faeces of clinically healthy ewes and from vaginal swabs of ewes which had aborted were injected intravenously or intradermally into pregnant ewes. the results were studied by recording the ewes' thermal and serological responses, lambing performance and the excretion of chlamydia from the vagina. the differences between the effects of different invasive strains were greater after intradermal inoculation than after intravenous ...19892773238
[incidence of coxiella burnetti and chlamydia psittaci in cattle in southern bohemia].in 1986 and 1987 in six districts and 22 localities of the southern bohemian region, and in one district and one locality of the western bohemian region the total of 747 head of cattle was examined by a microagglutination method (mar) and complement fixation method (kfr) for antibodies to coxiella burnetii and chlamydia psittaci. the positivity of c. burnetii detection was 44.4% in mar and 16.5% in kfr. the positivity of chl. psittaci detection was 7.1%. the widespread incidence and highly posit ...19892800248
seroprevalence of chlamydia psittaci-specific antibodies in small stock in namibia--epidemiological study with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa).an igg (h+l)-elisa was applied as a screening test for antibodies against chlamydia (c.) psittaci in sera of goats and sheep in namibia. in 576 (27.3%) of a total of 2,107 sera (299 = 25.2% of 1,185 caprine and 277 = 30.0% of 922 ovine sera) chlamydial antibodies could be detected. 86% of all farms tested revealed seropositive animals. chlamydial infections were prevalent in all the geographical regions tested. the infection rates per state veterinary district varied from 12.0% (otjiwarongo) to ...19892800787
isolation of a gene encoding a chlamydia sp. strain twar protein that is recognized during infection of humans.chlamydia sp. strain twar is a unique chlamydia sp. that causes acute respiratory disease. a gene bank consisting of twar isolate ar-39 dna in puc19 was screened with anti-ar-39 rabbit immune sera. two positive clones were isolated that contained 7.3-kilobase (plc1) and 14.9-kilobase (plc2) plasmids. restriction mapping and hybridization studies showed that both plc1 and plc2 contained a common 4.2-kilobase psti fragment. plasmids were used as templates of in vitro transcription-translation. all ...19892909493
superimposed high frequency ventilation with conventional mechanical ventilation.a 73-year-old man with ards-multiple organ failure due to chlamydia psittaci, was successively supported with conventional respiratory techniques. after 48 hours of no clinical improvement, hfv was superimposed to cmv in order to combine the advantages of each one. since improvement has been seen in all ventilatory parameters, this method is suggested as another mode of ventilation for patients with refractory hypoxia and hypercarbia who do not respond to conventional respiratory care.19892920598
mouse models for evaluation of virulence of chlamydia psittaci isolated from ruminants.intestinal strains of chlamydia psittaci isolated from faeces of clinically healthy sheep or goats were differentiated from pathogenic strains isolated from animals affected with chlamydial diseases by their virulence in mice. the invasiveness of strains after footpad inoculation was estimated in non-pregnant mice by recording the colonisation and the enlargement of the spleen on days 6 and 9 after inoculation. the abortifacient effect was judged by measuring the colonisation of placenta and fet ...19892922503
comparison of protein patterns between invasive and non-invasive ovine strains of chlamydia psittaci.protein patterns displayed in sodium dodecyl sulphate (sds) electrophoresis by invasive and noninvasive strains of chlamydia psittaci showed three constant differences, the most distinctive being a band at 90 kd from invasive strains. in comparison with other methods so far described, this method provides a more efficient means of differentiating between invasive and non-invasive strains. furthermore, it may lead to the development of improved methods of diagnosis.19892922504
relationship between virulence of chlamydia psittaci strains and establishment of persistent infection of mccoy cells.the pathogenicity of chlamydial strains for their natural hosts and their ability to induce persistent infections in mccoy cells were compared. both virulent and avirulent strains persistently infected mccoy cells, but the appearance of the cell culture varied between strains. avirulent strains induced completely inapparent persistent infection (infection type 1), while with invasive strains the culture alternated between periods of cell multiplication and periods of extensive cytopathic change ...19892922922
detection of chlamydia trachomatis in clinical specimens by the polymerase chain reaction.sequences derived from the endogenous plasmid of chlamydia trachomatis and from the genes coding for ribosomal 16s rna of chlamydia psittaci were used as primers and oligonucleotide probes for detection of chlamydiae by the polymerase chain reaction. the endogenous plasmid primers generated specific amplified products of 517 bp with all known chlamydia trachomatis serovars. no specific products of chlamydia psittaci and chlamydia pneumoniae could be detected using these primers. with the rrna pr ...19902073896
[chlamydia isolation from a large aviary for birds of prey].antigen against chlamydia psittaci was detected in 31% to 41% of healthy birds of prey (accipitriformes, falconiformes, and strigiformes) by examination of cloacal swabs and faeces out of 119 birds with antigen-elisa and cell culture. chlamydia psittaci-antibodies could be demonstrated in 34% of birds by cf, in 74% by belisa, and in 71% by chlamydia-antibody-elisa (chlamydia-ak-eia). changes of governmental regulations are discussed.19902082626
[seroprevalence of chlamydia psittaci in rural and urban populations of the province of madrid]. 19902089217
chlamydial infection in aborted and stillborn lambs.chlamydia psittaci is a major cause of ovine abortion in the fourth to fifth months of gestation. during the lambing seasons of 1986, 1987, and 1988, fetuses from 52 cases of ovine abortion, stillbirth, or perinatal death were submitted to the laboratory for necropsy examination. placenta or fetal tissues from 34 cases were cultured on mouse l cells for c. psittaci. chlamydia psittaci was identified by immunofluorescence on cultures in 20 of these cases. the major gross lesion consistently assoc ...19902090268
case for diagnosis. necrotizing granulomatous cholangiohepatitis with multifocal caseonecrotic granulomas caused by chlamydia psittaci organisms and a concomitant enteric infection. 19902107470
molecular cloning, sequencing and expression of human interferon-gamma-inducible indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase cdna.the antiproliferative action of human interferon (huifn)-gamma on human cells and the inhibition of intracellular pathogens, e.g. toxoplasma gondii and chlamydia psittaci, is at least in part due to an induction of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (ido) enzyme which degrades tryptophan, an essential amino acid. a cdna clone (called c42) was isolated from a cdna library made from poly(a)+ rna obtained from huifn-gamma-treated human fibroblasts. its nucleotide sequence revealed an open reading frame co ...19902109605
characterization of the cytochalasin d-resistant (pinocytic) mechanisms of endocytosis utilized by chlamydiae.the cytochalasin d-resistant (pinocytic) portion of the entry of two chlamydia strains (chlamydia trachomatis l2/434/bu and chlamydia psittaci gpic [guinea pig inclusion conjunctivitis]) was examined. by ultrastructural criteria, few organisms of either strain were observed in association with coated host-cell plasma membrane during entry into mccoy cells; this argues against a coated-pit mechanism of entry. when association with a coated membrane was seen, coat material appeared to pinch off ah ...19902119341
zoonotic infections in northern ireland farmers.evidence of past zoonotic infection was investigated serologically in randomly selected northern ireland farmers. the percentage of farmers with antibody was: brucella abortus (0.7), leptospira interrogans serovars (8.1), borrelia burgdorferi (14.3), toxoplasma gondii (73.5), coxiella burnetii (28.0), chlamydia psittaci (11.1) and hantavirus (1.2). the results show that northern ireland farmers have been exposed in the past to zoonotic infections. it is not known if these infections contributed ...19902123457
[a case having initial onset of bronchial asthma, probably induced by prolonged mycoplasmal infection, accompanied with concurrent highly suspicious chlamydial infection].a 37-year-old man who had had no allergic history was admitted to our hospital complaining of high fever, a dry hacking cough and dyspnea. mycoplasma and chlamydia mixed infection was diagnosed because of increased antibody titers to simultaneous mycoplasma pneumoniae and chlamydia psittaci, however only the mycoplasma pneumoniae antibody titer was not decreased during the over six months. one month after the onset, bronchial asthma was diagnosed subsequently from for the clinical symptoms of wh ...19902127423
[a case of psittacosis].a 67-year-old japanese housewife, who had been attended the out patient department of medicine, fukuoka dental college (fdc) hospital for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, was admitted to fdc hospital because of high fever, exhaustion, anorexia, myalgia and mild stupor. her ecg finding revealed atrial fibrillation and roentgenologic examination of the chest showed diffuse opacities in the left lung field (s10) without pleural effusion. as she had told her physician that her pet parakeet had been d ...19902135052
[value of the twar strain for chlamydiosis serology. choice of a strategy of detecting antibodies].we examined 212 sera from patients with respiratory diseases (n = 55), from women regularly attending a gynaecology clinic (n = 155) and from patients with cat-scratch disease (n = 2), using the complement fixation test against chlamydia psittaci and igg indirect immunofluorescence tests against 3 different strains of c. psittaci, c. trachomatis (serotype l2) and the twar strain. forty-one sera were positive. the twar strain raised the serological detection rate of antibodies to chlamydia up to ...19902140171
pathology of experimental chlamydiosis in chicks.twelve one-day-old chicks were experimentally inoculated with chlamydia psittaci derived from turkeys. acute chlamydial septicemic lesions were induced by the inoculation into the air sac and trachea. no lesions were produced by the esophageal injection. clinically, the affected chicks showed emaciation and mouth breathing, and were inactive while some birds died. grossly, they had hepatomegaly, splenomegaly and airsacculitis. histopathologically, fibrinopurulent airsacculitis, pneumonia and bro ...19902140867
[chlamydia psittaci pneumonia. diagnostic and therapeutic problems]. 19902143828
comparison of azithromycin and erythromycin in the treatment of atypical pneumonias.an open, randomized, multicentre study compared the efficacy and safety of the prototype, azalide, azithromycin, and erythromycin in the treatment of atypical pneumonias. azithromycin was administered for five days at a dosage of 250 mg bd on day 1 and 250 mg once daily on days 2 to 5. erythromycin was given for ten days at 500 mg qid. causative pathogens were identified by serological methods. of 57 patients treated with azithromycin, mycoplasma pneumoniae and chlamydia psittaci were identified ...19902154431
regulation of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase gene expression in human fibroblasts by interferon-gamma. upstream control region discriminates between interferon-gamma and interferon-alpha.the interferon (ifn)-gamma-mediated induction of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (ido) enzyme, which converts tryptophan into n-formylkynurenine, has been implicated in the inhibition of intracellular pathogens, e.g. toxoplasma gondii and chlamydia psittaci, and in the antiproliferative effect of ifn-gamma on tumor cells. the ido activity is induced strongly in many cell types by ifn-gamma but rather poorly by ifn-alpha or -beta. a genomic dna clone containing part of the transcribed region of the i ...19902174056
antibody response of the ovine lymph node to experimental infection with an ovine abortion strain of chlamydia psittaci.after primary infection with chlamydia psittaci in the draining area of the popliteal lymph node, viable organisms could be isolated from the efferent lymph only before the primary immune response developed. the lymph antibody response, as assayed by the complement fixation and immunofluorescence (if) antibody tests, showed a rise in titre that peaked approximately 2 weeks after infection. immunoblotting revealed that antibodies produced during this period were predominantly directed against the ...19902180202
monoclonal antibodies to chlamydia psittaci guinea pig inclusion conjunctivitis (gpic) strain.monoclonal antibodies to a strain of chlamydia psittaci isolated from guinea pig inclusion conjunctivitis (gpic) were developed. only five of the 15 hybridomas isolated produced antibodies specific for the gpic strain, while seven others produced antibodies which cross reacted with other strains and another species. strain-specific and species-specific monoclonal antibodies were isotyped as igg2a and igg3, respectively. it appears that the gpic strain has at least two epitopes, one of which is s ...19902186565
[in vitro sensitivity of chlamydiae to antibiotics].the in vitro activity of 11 antibiotics against 16 chlamydia trachomatis strains isolated from genital tract and 2 chlamydia psittaci strains isolated from pulmonary tract. the cmi determination (the lowest dilution of the drug which inhibited the inclusion development when untreated control give 10(3) ifc) was assessed by growth in cycloheximide treated mccoy cells-antibiotics were added after incubation for 2 hours at 37 degrees c. the cmi values for chlamydia trachomatis and chlamydia psittac ...19902195451
the chlamydia trachomatis hyp operon is homologous to the groe stress response operon of escherichia coli.the chlamydia trachomatis serovar a hyp operon was cloned, sequenced, and expressed in escherichia coli. two cotranscribed open reading frames, hypa and hypb, encoded polypeptides of 17 and 57 kilodaltons, respectively. the deduced amino acid sequences of serovar a hypa and hypb proteins were (respectively) 85 and 94% identical with hypa and hypb proteins of chlamydia psittaci gpic, and hypb was greater than 50% identical to 60-kilodalton stress response proteins from other procaryotes and eucar ...19902196231
pregnancy complicated by severe chlamydia psittaci infection acquired from a goat flock: a case report. 19902198179
chlamydial infection and perinatal mortality in a swine herd.chlamydia psittaci was believed responsible for an episode of high perinatal death loss in a swine herd in which 8.5 pigs per litter normally were weaned. in this episode, 18 sows produced 186 pigs, with 50 survivors. chlamydia was found in tissue samples, and other bacterial or viral pathogens could not be identified. chlamydia was diagnosed by isolation (elisa), histologic examination using immunoperoxidase staining techniques, and electron microscopy. previously, c psittaci has not been consi ...19902211307
[studies on chlamydia pneumoniae, strain twar infection. 2. seroepidemiology of twar on healthy controls and patients with acute respiratory infections].to determine of chlamydia pneumoniae, twar infection is common in japan. the author performed a spot antibody prevalence study of adults and children living in okayama prefecture. this study was carried out by microplate immunofluorescence antibody technique (mfa) using in situ inclusions of chlamydia pneumoniae (tw-183), chlamydia trachomatis (l2) and chlamydia psittaci (cal 10) as antigens respectively. and each chlamydial antiserum igg, iga, igm titers were determined by the dilution and poin ...19902212768
characterisation of chlamydia psittaci isolated from a horse.this paper describes the isolation and characterisation of a strain of chlamydia psittaci obtained from a nasal swab taken from a horse with serous nasal discharge. initial isolation was achieved in cycloheximide-treated mccoy cell monolayers. chlamydial inclusions stained by immunofluorescence either with a rabbit antiserum raised against c. psittaci or with a monoclonal antibody directed against the genus-specific lipopolysaccharide antigen were single and compact. they did not stain with iodi ...19902219661
efficacy against ovine enzootic abortion of an experimental vaccine containing purified elementary bodies of chlamydia psittaci.a vaccine prepared from purified, inactivated elementary bodies of chlamydia psittaci protected sheep against abortion after subcutaneous challenge with live chlamydiae. immunoblot analysis of serum samples revealed a consistently dominant antibody response against the chlamydial major outer membrane protein in all vaccinated sheep. reactions to other chlamydial antigens were also detected but were less pronounced or inconsistent. serological responses detected by complement fixation were variab ...19902219662
diagnosis of chlamydia trachomatis cervical infection by detection of amplified dna with an enzyme immunoassay.a sensitive and specific system for detection of amplified chlamydia trachomatis dna from cervical specimens by fluorometric quantitation in an enzyme immunoassay (eia) format (polymerase chain reaction [pcr]-eia) is described. the primers selected for pcr-amplified dna were from the 15 serovars of c. trachomatis and two strains of chlamydia pneumoniae (twar). one strain of chlamydia psittaci (borg) was not amplified. one hundred four previously cultured cervical specimens were evaluated. forty- ...19902229379
chlamydiosis in captive raptors.chlamydia psittaci was isolated from four red-tailed hawks (buteo jamaicensis) that died suddenly and from seven birds that survived at a raptor rehabilitation center in california in 1983. one hundred captive raptors representing 14 species in five families were subsequently tested serologically and by direct cloacal culture. c. psittaci was isolated from seven clinically normal birds. forty-four percent of the raptors were considered positive using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), ...19902241695
immunity to chlamydia psittaci with particular reference to sheep.chlamydia psittaci, a zoonotic bacterium, is the causal agent of enzootic abortion of ewes, an important disease of sheep in many european countries. the major thrust of current chlamydial research is directed towards the human pathogen chlamydia trachomatis. this review attempts to bring together relevant information concerning the host immune response to all members of the genus chlamydiae and show how this has led to an increased understanding of the ovine humoral and cell mediated immune res ...19902247939
[hibernal respiratory disorders].a long term serological surveillance of the acute respiratory illnesses was conducted, looking for infections by adenoviruses, influenza a.b.c. parainfluenza 1,2,3 and respiratory syncytial viruses as well as mycoplasma pneumoniae, coxiella burneti and chlamydia psittaci. the analysis of the results accumulated for the past 20 years was carried out. influenza c. coxiella burneti and chlamydia psittaci infections were rare and could not account for any epidemic prevalence. the other agents produc ...19902249087
experimental conjunctival infection of lambs with a strain of chlamydia psittaci isolated from the eyes of a sheep naturally affected with keratoconjunctivitis.five ram-lambs were inoculated into the left conjunctival sac with the 15r isolate of chlamydia psittaci, recovered from a sheep with keratoconjunctivitis. a sixth ram-lamb was kept in contact with them. the five lambs developed varying degrees of acute conjunctivitis and 14 days later c psittaci could be recovered from the inoculated eyes, from which branhamella ovis was also isolated. the eyes were examined regularly for four months; c psittaci could not be re-isolated but the eyes developed v ...19902260264
psittacosis: a clinical review.the records of the public health laboratory at leeds were searched and cases in which a four-fold rise of antibodies to chlamydia psittaci had occurred were reviewed. clinical and epidemiological features of these cases are presented. the importance of birds as a potential source of infection is emphasised.19902273272
[frequency of abortion and seroprevalence of the principal diseases causing ovine infectious abortion in the area of rabat (morocco)].a survey was carried out on 23 sheep flocks to estimate the frequency of abortion as well as the prevalence of antibodies against abortive infections. during the visit of each farm, a questionnaire was completed with the collaboration of the owner and blood samples were collected from all aborted ewes and some of those with normal lambing. a rate of 7% abortion was reached in both aborted and normally lambed ewes. anti-chlamydia psittaci antibodies were the most frequently detected (14 flocks). ...19902288452
characterization of murine monoclonal and murine, rabbit, and human polyclonal antibodies against chlamydial lipopolysaccharide.murine monoclonal and rabbit, murine, and human polyclonal antibodies against chlamydial lipopolysaccharide (lps) were characterized by the passive hemolysis and passive hemolysis inhibition assays and by absorption experiments with lpss of chlamydia psittaci, chlamydia trachomatis, and a recombinant strain of salmonella minnesota re (r595-207) expressing the chlamydia-specific lps epitope, as well as natural and synthetic partial structures of chlamydial lps. eleven monoclonal antibodies of the ...19902294050
structural and antigenic analysis of chlamydia pneumoniae.several isolates of chlamydia pneumoniae were compared with each other and to chlamydia trachomatis and chlamydia psittaci by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoblots. protein profiles of the c. pneumoniae isolates appeared to be the same and were distinct from the other chlamydia species. a 39.5-kilodalton (kda) protein, similar in molecular weight to the major outer membrane proteins (momp) of c. trachomatis and c. psittaci, was found in the sarkosyl-insoluble ...19902294060
a prospective study of viral and mycoplasma infections in chronic inflammatory bowel disease.seventy-two children with chronic inflammatory bowel disease were investigated for infections with various viruses and mycoplasma pneumoniae, chlamydia psittaci, and coxiella burnetii to determine whether these pathogens are associated with acute onset exacerbations. altogether 54 infections were identified serologically, of which 23 (42.6%) were associated with exacerbations. this corresponded to 24.2% of the recorded exacerbations during the study period. the respiratory pathogens accounted fo ...19902298361
breeding performance of sheep infected with chlamydia psittaci (ovis) during their preceding pregnancy. 19902301111
immunological specificity of monoclonal antibodies to chlamydia psittaci ovine abortion strain.fifty-one monoclonal antibodies were prepared by two different techniques against chlamydia psittaci strain a22 isolated from an ovine abortion. these antibodies were tested for reactivity by the indirect immunofluorescent antibody technique with eleven reference chlamydia strains (nine c. psittaci, one chlamydia trachomatis and one chlamydia pneumoniae). four classes of specificity were recognized for monoclonal antibodies: genus, species, subspecies and type specificity. the type-specific mono ...19902307492
muramic acid is not detectable in chlamydia psittaci or chlamydia trachomatis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.by using the powerful separation technique of capillary gas chromatography combined with the selectivity of mass spectrometric detection, muramic acid was not detectable in purified elementary bodies of chlamydia psittaci cal 10 (less than or equal to 0.006%) or c. trachomatis serovar e (less than or equal to 0.02%). this confirms previous reports which suggested the absence of a typical peptidoglycan in chlamydia spp.19902307520
the ovine immune response to chlamydia psittaci; histopathology of the lymph node.the histopathological response of the ovine popliteal lymph node to infection by an ovine abortion strain of chlamydia psittaci was studied. after infection of 10 seronegative sheep by the subcutaneous route, the draining popliteal lymph nodes enlarged considerably. by day 6, expansion was more marked in the medulla than in the cortex but, by day 18, cortical follicles were prominent. immunoglobulin-containing cells increased in number both in the medulla and cortex between days 6 and 18. c. psi ...19902312799
observations on the pathogenesis of chlamydia psittaci infection of pregnant sheep.susceptible pregnant sheep were infected with chlamydia psittaci at different stages of early and mid-gestation. placentas and foetuses were examined by microbiological, serological, histopathological and immunochemical methods at various intervals thereafter. while ewes were susceptible to infection from early gestation onwards and infections of placentas and foetuses occurred from about 60 days gestation (dg), pathological changes were not detected until after 90 dg. these changes consisted of ...19902324344
rapid identification of chlamydia psittaci and twar (c pneumoniae) in sputum samples using an amplified enzyme immunoassay. 19902332522
a study of human respiratory tract chlamydial infections in cambridgeshire 1986-88.human respiratory tract chlamydial infections have been studied in cambridgeshire for many years, but until recently we have been unable to distinguish between infection with chlamydia psittaci or chlamydia pneumoniae (twar). in this study, we have employed the micro-immunofluorescence (micro-if) test for this purpose and to look for the relative incidence of c. psittaci and c. pneumoniae infections in cambridgeshire. among 50 patients with community-acquired respiratory tract symptoms whose ser ...19902347386
[immunologic status in cattle naturally infected with the microorganisms chlamydia trachomatis and chlamydia psittaci].in the present paper there is a description of immunological reactions in 12 to 14 months old bullocks, naturally infected by the microorganisms chlamydia (ch.) psittaci and chlamydia trachomatis. in the course of infection by the above-mentioned microorganisms (chlamydia isolated from semen) without any clinical symptoms the activity of leucocytes and polymorphonuclear cells (pmn) in the peripheral blood is variable and the concentrations of serum immunoglobulins (ig) decrease. it has been demo ...19902353408
chlamydial infection of subcutaneous conjunctival transplants in guinea pigs.the development and testing of candidate vaccines for trachoma are constrained because only humans and nonhuman primates are susceptible to conjunctival infection with chlamydia trachomatis. guinea pig inclusion conjunctivitis (gpic), an analogous disease of guinea pigs, provides a useful, less expensive model to study ocular chlamydial infections. gpic is caused by a chlamydia psittaci strain whose external constituents are very similar to those of c. trachomatis. to develop a better model for ...19902365567
immunization against chlamydial genital infection in guinea pigs with uv-inactivated and viable chlamydiae administered by different routes.female guinea pigs were immunized with viable or uv light-inactivated chlamydiae (agent of guinea pig inclusion conjunctivitis), belonging to the species chlamydia psittaci, by intravenous, subcutaneous, oral, or ocular routes. all animals were then inoculated vaginally with viable chlamydiae to determine the extent of protection against challenge infection induced by the various regimens. the course of genital infection was significantly reduced in intensity in all groups of animals except the ...19902370110
cloning, characterization and sequence of a novel 59-kda protein of chlamydia trachomatis.chlamydia trachomatis (ct) serovar l2 dna was partially digested with bamhi, ligated with plasmid vector pbr325 and used to transform escherichia coli jmb83. recombinant colonies were screened for their ability to synthesize chlamydial (chl) proteins by dot immunoblot and by in vitro transcription translation assays. a clone, b1, expressing a 59-kda protein was further characterized, and the encoding gene was subcloned in the expression vector, pkk223-3, containing the tac promoter. elevated lev ...19902379836
multiple tandem promoters of the major outer membrane protein gene (omp1) of chlamydia psittaci.the transcription of omp1, the gene encoding the major outer membrane protein, was studied for two strains of chlamydia psittaci, guinea pig inclusion conjunctivitis (gpic) and mouse pneumonitis (mn). the transcriptional initiation sites for the omp1 of each strain were mapped by s1 nuclease and primer extension analyses. three different sizes of omp1 transcripts were observed for gpic and four were observed for mn. the production of these transcripts appeared to be the consequence of multiple t ...19902387624
protection of sheep against chlamydia psittaci infection with a subcellular vaccine containing the major outer membrane protein.an outer membrane (om) preparation from elementary bodies (ebs) of chlamydia psittaci (ovine abortion strain) was used to vaccinate pregnant ewes in a single subcutaneous dose and was found to achieve protection after subcutaneous challenge with infectious organisms. inactivated purified ebs used as a single-dose vaccine also gave protection. the ratio of live to dead lambs was significantly higher in the vaccinated groups (16:1 and 15:1, respectively) than in the placebo group (8:9). polyacryla ...19902387636
protective effect of polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies against abortion in mice infected by chlamydia psittaci.the role of antibody in preventing placental and fetal infection by chlamydia psittaci was studied in mice. pregnant mice were passively immunized with polyclonal sera or monoclonal antibodies (mabs) at day 11 of gestation. the mice were intravenously challenged the following day with the virulent ab7 ovine abortion strain of c. psittaci. mice were either killed on day 16 of gestation to determine placental and fetal chlamydial infection levels or were permitted to have and raise their young unt ...19902396474
clinical and immunological responses of ewes following vaccination with an experimental formalin-inactivated chlamydia psittaci (ovis) vaccine and subsequent challenge with the live organism during pregnancy.the protection afforded by an experimental, killed, adjuvanted vaccine derived from the a22 strain of chlamydia psittaci (ovis) against ovine enzootic abortion was studied. the vaccine was used undiluted (group a), at a dilution of 10(-3) (group b) and at a dilution of 10(-6) (group c). a fourth control group (group d) was inoculated with all components of the vaccine except the chlamydial antigen. a group of rams (group r) was also vaccinated with the chlamydial antigen diluted to 10(-3). anima ...19902397374
protection of ewes vaccinated with a22 strain chlamydia psittaci (ovis) against challenge in pregnancy with homologous and heterologous strains of the organism.fifty ewes were randomly divided into four groups. groups a and b were vaccinated with an experimental vaccine derived from the a22 isolate of chlamydia psittaci (ovis), an isolate known to cause ovine enzootic abortion (oea). groups c and d were unvaccinated controls. in mid-pregnancy, animals in group a and c were challenged with live a22 c. psittaci (ovis) and those in b and d were challenged with a field isolate of the organism (bs) against which the commercially available a22 vaccine appear ...19902397375
use of the ideia elisa to detect chlamydia psittaci (ovis) in material from aborted fetal membranes and milk from ewes affected by ovine enzootic abortion.the ideia elisa was used to detect chlamydia psittaci (ovis) antigen in ewes' milk to which were added serial dilutions of chlamydiae titrated as inclusion forming units (ifus) in mccoy cell tissue culture. the test was able to detect as few as 35 ifus/ml of the organism. the elisa was then used to detect chlamydial antigen in fetal membranes and milk from ewes clinically affected with ovine enzootic abortion (oea). the results were compared with results of isolation of chlamydiae in mccoy cell ...19902397377
detection and differentiation of chlamydia trachomatis, chlamydia psittaci, and chlamydia pneumoniae by dna amplification.the polymerase chain reaction was used to detect major outer membrane protein (momp) gene sequences from the three species of chlamydia. using three primer pairs and one restriction enzyme digestion, three distinct genotypes, corresponding to the three species, chlamydia trachomatis, chlamydia pneumoniae, and chlamydia psittaci, were demonstrated. c. trachomatis was amplified by all three primer pairs and the amplified fragment was digested by ecori. c. pneumoniae was amplified by only two of th ...19902401796
the nucleotide sequence of the 60 kda cysteine rich outer membrane protein of chlamydia psittaci strain eae/a22/m. 19902402464
efficacy of a vaccine to prevent chlamydia- or campylobacter-induced abortions in ewes.in a sheep flock, chlamydia psittaci, campylobacter fetus, ca jejuni, and salmonella dublin caused abortions. a vaccine that contained c psittaci type i from 2 sources: a cow with pneumonia and an aborted ovine fetus, ca fetus, ca jejuni, and 4 strains of k99 escherichia coli was given to 240 ewes before they were bred. all fetuses, placentas, and lambs, that died within 36 hours of birth were examined for infectious agents. of 55 abortions, 30 (55%) were caused by chlamydia or campylobacter spp ...19902407704
a simple staining method for the identification of chlamydial elementary bodies in the fetal membranes of sheep affected by ovine enzootic abortion.a dark-ground methylene blue (dgmb) staining method was used to demonstrate chlamydial elementary bodies in fetal membranes of sheep affected by chlamydia psittaci. before evaluation on material from clinically affected animals, the dgmb method was compared with modified ziehl-neelsen (mzn) and dark-ground giemsa (dgg) staining methods for its ability to demonstrate chlamydial elementary bodies in hens' eggs which had been experimentally infected with c. psittaci. dgmb was more specific in its s ...19901689523
antibody response to epitopes of chlamydial major outer membrane proteins on infectious elementary bodies and of the reduced polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis-separated form.approximately 60% of the outer membrane of chlamydial elementary bodies (ebs) consists of the major outer membrane protein (momp) that has structural and metabolic functions. the antigenic properties of momps from mammalian strains of serovars 1 and 2 and an avian strain of chlamydia psittaci were analyzed. polyclonal-monospecific antisera (pmas), one monoclonal antibody (mab), and polyclonal antisera (pas) were produced against reduced polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis-separated momps and agai ...19901691145
[effects of deae-dextran, centrifugation, cycloheximide and their combination on infection and growth of chlamydia psittaci bird isolates].in order to establish a stable and uniform cultural method in a cell line hala 229, we studied the effect of deae-dextran, centrifugation, cycloheximide and their combination on infectivity and progeny yields of chlamydia psittaci isolated mainly from birds. of 11 strains (10 avian and one human origin ito strain), 9 showed maximal inclusion formation when host cells were treated with a combination of dextran and cycloheximide. of the other two strains, one showed maximum inclusion formation wit ...19901692335
developmental cycle-specific host-free rna synthesis in chlamydia spp.the incorporation of radiolabeled gtp into rna in host-free chlamydia trachomatis serovar l2 organisms was investigated. the incorporation was partially inhibited by rifampin and dactinomycin and hydrolyzed by rnase. rna made by host-free chlamydiae consisted mainly of species of fewer than 800 bases in size, although 16s and 23s species were noted by agarose-gel electrophoresis. the hybridization of radiolabeled host-free rna to restriction fragments of the gene encoding the major outer membran ...19901698176
immunologic characterization of a cloned fragment containing the species-specific epitope from the major outer membrane protein of chlamydia trachomatis.a 183-bp fragment encoding variable domain iv (vd iv) of chlamydia trachomatis serovar b major outer membrane protein (momp) (amino acids 273 to 333) and containing the species-specific epitope was cloned and expressed in escherichia coli as a fusion protein with schistosoma japonicum glutathione s-transferase (gst-vd iv). the fusion protein was affinity purified under nondenaturing conditions and used to immunize rabbits. antisera were characterized by microimmunofluorescence, immunoblot, dot b ...19901701415
characterization of circulating antibodies against chlamydia psittaci in turkeys.plasma and joint fluids from turkeys experimentally inoculated with chlamydia psittaci strain tt3 were evaluated by immunoblotting to identify antibodies elicited by chlamydial antigens during the course of infection. protein antigens from elementary bodies of tt3 were separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and transferred electrophoretically to nitrocellulose before being probed with plasma or synovial fluid from tt3-inoculated birds. the major outer-membrane pro ...19901704213
partial characterization of an 89-kda highly immunoreactive protein from chlamydia psittaci a/22 causing ovine abortion.an 89-kda immunogen from chlamydia psittaci a/22 causing ovine abortion was partially characterized. the 89-kda protein, localized on the outer membrane complex of chlamydiae, was synthesized relatively early in the developmental cycle. the protein contained cysteine but was not extensively cross-linked by disulfide bonds. treatment with proteases apparently did not cleave the protein. the infectivity of strain a/22 was partially (60%) reduced by treatment of chlamydial elementary bodies with mo ...19911714846
implications of interferon-induced tryptophan catabolism in cancer, auto-immune diseases and aids.tryptophan (trp) is an indispensable amino acid required for biosynthesis of proteins, serotonin and niacin. indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (ido) is induced by infections, viruses, lipopolysaccharides, or interferons (ifns) and this results in significant catabolism of trp along the kynurenine (kyn) pathway. intracellular growth of toxoplasma gondii and chlamydia psittaci in human fibroblasts in vitro is inhibited by ifn-gamma and this inhibition is negated by extra trp in the medium. similarly, gr ...19911722946
[monoclonal antibodies to chlamydia psittaci: their isolation, characteristics and use].a panel of 22 hybridomas producing monoclonal antibodies (mcab) to c. psittaci was obtained. 15 hybridomas produced igg1 antibodies, 4 hybridomas produced igm antibodies and 3 hybridomas produced igg2b, igg3 or iga antibodies. igg1 antibodies and 2 igm antibodies did not bind complement in the complement fixation test. all mcab were reactive in the enzyme immunoassay and the indirect immunofluorescence test and did not precipitate specific antigens. peroxidase conjugates on the basis of mcab eff ...19911724861
prevalence of antibodies to five selected zoonosis agents in monkeys.the prevalence of antibodies against 5 zoonosis agents was determined in serum samples of 443 breeding monkeys. of the monkeys, 296 were bred or kept for a long time at r institute, and the remaining 147 were newly imported from the philippines and kept at s institute for quarantine. antibodies to simian virus 40 were highly prevalent at 89.1% among monkeys of r institute, whereas no antibody could be detected in those of s institute. antibodies to chlamydia psittaci and yersinia pseudotuberculo ...19911657210
comparison of three-day and five-day courses of azithromycin in the treatment of atypical pneumonia.this open, randomised clinical study, conducted from june 1988 to december 1989, included 84 patients with clinical and radiological findings of atypical pneumonia. all patients were treated with a total dose of 1.5 g azithromycin, a new azalide antibiotic. in group i, azithromycin was administered for three days (500 mg once daily). in group ii, azithromycin was administered for five days (250 mg b.i.d. on day 1, followed by 250 mg once daily on days 2 to 5). causative pathogens were identified ...19911662637
morphological studies of the association of mitochondria with chlamydial inclusions and the fusion of chlamydial inclusions.the association of mitochondria with the inclusions of five strains of chlamydia psittaci, two strains of c. trachomatis and one strain of c. pneumoniae was examined by electron microscopy. the results demonstrated that mitochondrial association occurred only with the c. psittaci inclusions, but not with the c. trachomatis and c. pneumoniae inclusions. multiple inclusions formed by infection with a single strain could fuse with each other during their expansion, but fusion never occurred between ...19911666645
typing chlamydia trachomatis by detection of restriction fragment length polymorphism in the gene encoding the major outer membrane protein.a method that avoids culture was devised to determine serovars of chlamydia trachomatis. polymerase chain reaction was used first to amplify a part of the chlamydial genome that included the leader sequence and all four variable domains of the major outer membrane protein (momp) of the 15 serovars of c. trachomatis. the amplified dna was then digested simultaneously with restriction endonucleases alui and mspi and the resulting fragments separated on 10% polyacrylamide gels. after silver stainin ...19911673464
restriction pattern of the major outer-membrane protein gene provides evidence for a homogeneous invasive group among ruminant isolates of chlamydia psittaci.thirty-six ruminant isolates of chlamydia psittaci, previously classified as invasive or non-invasive in a mouse model of virulence, were compared by analysing alui restriction patterns of the major outer-membrane protein (momp) gene after dna amplification by the polymerase chain reaction. the 24 invasive isolates, although from various origins, all belonged to serotype 1 and represented a strictly homogeneous group sharing a specific momp-gene restriction pattern that was not observed in the n ...19911686054
spontaneous pasteurellosis in captive rocky mountain bighorn sheep (ovis canadensis canadensis): clinical, laboratory, and epizootiological observations.we observed clinical signs, compared adrenal responses, and performed diagnostic tests on 12 captive rocky mountain bighorn sheep (ovis canadensis canadensis) during a spontaneous outbreak of pasteurellosis. cortisol in urine and feces was measured for bighorns sampled three times between 20 october and 1 november 1986. by 6 november, four of these had developed pneumonia, four showed only mild rhinitis, and four remained clinically normal. bighorns that ultimately developed pneumonia showed ele ...19911758018
pcr test for chlamydia psittaci. 19911760023
[detection of chlamydia trachomatis by polymerase chain reaction].a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) procedure was developed for detection of chlamydia trachomatis. two oligonucleotide primers based on sequences within the major outer membrane protein gene from c. trachomatis serovar l2 were used. a single dna fragment was amplified, when c. trachomatis dna was template for the pcr. no amplified product was detected in chlamydia psittaci dna, chlamydia pneumoniae dna or other bacterial dnas. the amplified dna fragment was detected, when dna of greater than or e ...19911761897
abortion in japanese cows caused by chlamydia psittaci.an outbreak of abortion in cows occurring in niigata prefecture was shown to be caused by chlamydia psittaci. elementary bodies characteristic of chlamydia were found in the liver of aborted fetuses and c. psittaci antigen was demonstrated by indirect immunofluorescence. chlamydia was isolated from the liver of aborted fetuses by the yolk sac inoculation of developing chick embryos and by the intraperitoneal inoculation of guinea pigs. abortion occurred mostly in middle or late pregnancy. aborte ...19911771749
detection and strain differentiation of chlamydia psittaci mediated by a two-step polymerase chain reaction.specific and sensitive amplification of major outer membrane protein (momp) gene dna sequences of chlamydia psittaci was achieved in a two-step polymerase chain reaction. first, oligonucleotide primers specific for 5' and 3' nontranslated regulatory regions of the momp gene were used in a polymerase chain reaction to amplify a dna fragment of approximately 1,400 bp. a portion of this dna fragment was amplified in a second reaction using a degenerate oligonucleotide primer specific for a dna sequ ...19911774323
immune responses of the ovine lymph node to chlamydia psittaci. a cellular study of popliteal efferent lymph.the popliteal efferent lymphatics were cannulated in sheep of two categories, seronegative or immune to chlamydia psittaci. following subcutaneous injection of live c. psittaci or control material into the draining area of the popliteal node, sequential samples of efferent lymph were collected and analysed. both categories of sheep responded to c. psittaci with increased outputs of lymphocytes and blast cells. numbers of blast cells rose both absolutely and as a proportion of the total. plasmabl ...19911779041
[chlamydia infections in sheep and goats. with a reference to its significance as a zoonosis].infections by chlamydia psittaci are found worldwide in many species of mammal, including man, and birds. small ruminants are affected mainly with abortion in the later phase of gestation. additionally pneumonia and lesions in other organs can be observed. pathological and clinico-epidemiological aspects of the infection with c. psittaci in small ruminants are described and discussed. the description of a case of conjunctivitis acquired by one of the authors through contact with infectious mater ...19911796463
[enzootic abortion in a goat herd, caused by mixed infection with coxiella burnetii and chlamydia psittaci. case report].we report on an outbreak of enzootic abortion in a herd of goats with high losses caused by mixed infection with coxiella burnetii and chlamydia psittaci. both agents could be detected by microscopic investigation of smears from afterbirths by giménez staining and by a capture enzyme-linked immunofluorescence assay (capture elifa). additionally, coxiella burnetii was isolated from the same tissues in bgm cell cultures. serological investigations with cf, indirect elifa, and if tests revealed hig ...19911796465
serological assessment of chlamydial infection in the koala by a slide eia technique.a rapid and simplified slide enzyme immunosorbent assay (eia) was developed for the diagnosis of chlamydial infection in the koala. hela 229 cells infected with koala strain chlamydia psittaci were fixed on the surface of multiwell slides and used as the antigen. the assay consisted of first reacting koala antiserum with the fixed c psittaci antigen, followed by reaction with biotinylated rabbit anti-koala igg, abc reagent and substrate. the chlamydial eia antibody titres obtained were compared ...19911807246
[materno-fetal infection by chlamydia psittaci transmitted by the goat: a new zoonosis?].a case report is given of spontaneous abortion at 32 weeks brought about by chlamydia psittaci following contact with a herd of goats. severe symptoms were observed post-natally in this woman. nine cases of materno-foetal infection with this pathogen are known, however, the source of infection is usually ewes suffering abortive chlamydiosis. goats may also be infected, but caprine origin for the disease in pregnant women has not been reported previously.19911819408
nucleotide sequence of a gene encoding a new genus specific protein of chlamydia psittaci.dna fragment no. 13 from the c. psittaci pigeon strain, has been cloned in the plasmid puc19. hybridization analysis revealed that the fragment maintained a chlamydial common sequence. furthermore, nucleotide sequencing identified two partial open reading frames (orf), 675b. p. and 530b. p. expression of orfs revealed that the second orf encoded 25kd polypeptide, whereas the first orf did not produce any antigenic product. the 25kd beta-galactosidase fusion protein reacted strongly with chlamydi ...19911821438
characterization of dna fragment from chlamydia psittaci avian strain which shows high homology with hypb gene of chlamydia.a study was performed to characterize dna fragment no. 17 of c. psittaci strain p-1041 which encoded 42 kd beta-galactosidase fusion protein with type-specific antigenicity. sequence determination identified a partial open reading frame that spanned about 1,200b. p. nucleotides. screening the literatures for the nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences revealed extensive similarity between the dna fragment of p-1041 and two chlamydial hypb genes. this dna showed 91.5% homology with c. psittac ...19911821439
antigenic analysis of feline and bovine chlamydia psittaci with monoclonal antibodies.monoclonal antibodies were established for antigenic analysis of feline and bovine chlamydia psittaci. the monoclonal antibodies recognized lipopolysaccharide (lps), 56-64, 84 or 86 kda antigens. at least 5 antibody-binding sites were detected on lps with the monoclonal antibodies. the 56-64 kda antigen was suggested to have both polypeptide and carbohydrate antibody binding sites. immunoblotting analysis of cat and cattle sera indicated that the 56-64 kda antigen is an important antigen in host ...19911830787
antigenic analysis of avian chlamydia psittaci using monoclonal antibodies to the major outer membrane protein.monoclonal antibodies to the major outer membrane protein (momp) of chlamydia psittaci derived from a parrot were established for antigenic analysis of avian c. psittaci. with 17 monoclonal antibodies to momp, 17 reactivity patterns were identified on 112 strains of c. psittaci, c. pneumoniae and c. trachomatis, which were isolated from birds, mammals and humans in japan, u.s.a., canada and taiwan, from 1938 to 1987. immunological reactivity of budgerigar-derived strains to the monoclonal antibo ...19911832026
kinetic studies on the appearance of antigens of chlamydia psittaci during its developmental cycle.the kinetics of the antigen production of chlamydia psittaci strains izawa-1 and pigeon-1041 (p-1041) was examined every 6 hr after infection up to 48 hr, by the indirect immunofluorescent antibody technique using monoclonal antibodies (mabs). all three genus-specific antigenic determinants on lipopolysaccharide (lps) appeared during the whole growth cycle. antigenic determinants on proteins were, on the other hand, detected at various time periods from the early to the late stages of infection. ...19911834211
sequence analysis of the major outer membrane protein gene of chlamydia pneumoniae.compared with the major outer membrane proteins (momps) of the other chlamydial species, the chlamydia pneumoniae momp appears to be less antigenically complex, and as determined by immunoblot analysis, it does not appear to be the immunodominant antigen recognized during infection. nucleotide sequence analysis of the c. pneumoniae momp gene (ompa) revealed that it consisted of a 1,167-base open reading frame with an inferred 39,344-dalton mature protein of 366 amino acids plus a 23-amino-acid l ...19911840574
comparison of avian chlamydia psittaci isolates by restriction endonuclease analysis and serovar-specific monoclonal antibodies.avian chlamydia psittaci isolates were examined by restriction endonuclease analysis and serovar-specific monoclonal antibodies and compared with ovine abortion and polyarthritis isolates. the avian isolates were divided into four serovars (turkey, psittacine, pigeon, and duck) based on their reactivity to the monoclonal antibodies. the dna digest patterns were similar across the four avian serovars; most bands were identical when the isolates were tested with psti, bamhi, and ecori restriction ...19911848867
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