Publications

binding studies of a monoclonal antibody specific for 3-deoxy-d-manno-octulosonic acid with a panel of klebsiella pneumoniae lipopolysaccharides representing all of the o serotypes.	a monoclonal antibody (mab) raised against salmonella minnesota r595 and specific for alpha-3-deoxy-d-manno-octulosonic acid (alpha-kdo) of the inner core was tested for binding to lipopolysaccharides (lps) of klebsiella pneumoniae. the mab was tested in several assay systems (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, passive hemolysis, and inhibition of passive hemolysis) with a large panel (n = 23) of k. pneumoniae lps representing all nine currently known o serotypes. mab 20 showed reactivity with a ...	1994	8112839
[protective activity of the recombinant strain salmonella minnesota r595/gsa, synthesizing the plague capsule antigen in experimental plague in mice].	protective properties of the recombinant strain salmonella minnesota r595/gsa in experimental murine plague were studied. the recombinant vaccine refi possesses a high protective activity against plague with the level of survival, the ld50, indexes of immunity and the mean periods of animal death not inferior to those of the commercial vaccine. the protective properties of the live and killed recombinant refi vaccines in experimental murine plague are practically identical. the experimental reco ...	1994	8133846
effects of tumor necrosis factor and dexamethasone on the regulation of interferon-gamma induction by monophosphoryl lipid a.	monophosphoryl lipid a (mla), derived from lipopolysaccharide (lps) of salmonella minnesota strain r595, induced rapid accumulation of interferon (ifn)-gamma in mice. tumor necrosis factor (tnf)-alpha appeared to be a cofactor for ifn-gamma induction by mla. with low doses of mla (< 5 micrograms), ifn-gamma induction was dependent upon exogenous tnf-alpha administered either in advance of or with mla. a 25 micrograms dose of mla induced significant ifn-gamma accumulation in the absence of exogen ...	1994	8136945
generation of one set of murine monoclonal antibodies specific for globo-series glycolipids: evidence for differential distribution of the glycolipids in rat small intestine.	we generated four murine monoclonal antibodies (mabs) specific for globo-series glycolipids by immunizing c3h/hen mice with these purified glycolipids adsorbed to salmonella minnesota followed by fusion with mouse myeloma cells. by use of a wide variety of glycolipids, the precise structures recognized by these mabs were elucidated through an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and an immunostaining on thin-layer chromatography. these four mabs, designated as bgr23, bgr47, bmr26, and bgr27, exhibi ...	1994	8161226
characterization of antisera raised against treponema denticola (atcc 33521) whole cell, outer sheath, protoplasmic cylinder, and axial flagella.	in this study we produced polyclonal antisera directed to whole cell, outer sheath, protoplasmic cylinder and axial flagella sonicates of treponema denticola (atcc 33521) reference strain. furthermore, the reactivity of the antisera was determined, using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunoblotting techniques. as control antigen, other gram-negative bacteria (salmonella minnesota, escherichia coli) and related pathogenic spirochetes (borrelia burgdorferi and treponema pallidum) were ...	1994	8167426
production and characterization of a polyclonal antiserum against spiroplasma mirum (atcc 29335).	spiroplasma mirum (atcc 29335), an american tick isolate, was cultivated and its purity was controlled using electron microscopy and tricine-sds-page. in the sds-page analysis, the protein pattern of the antigen used revealed a polypeptide profile (35 bands) with an approximate molecular weight of 161 kda to 10.5 kda. this strain was used to immunize two rabbits. the produced antisera did not cross-react with mycoplasma pneumoniae, salmonella minnesota, borrelia burgdorferi, treponema pallidum b ...	1994	8167436
effect of modifying nitric oxide pathway on liver circulation in a rabbit endotoxin shock model.	the role of nitric oxide (no) inhibition on liver circulation during sepsis is unknown. to answer this question, we studied the effects of l-arginine (the substrate for the no synthase), linsidomine (a direct no donor), and n omega-nitro-l-arginine (an no inhibitor) on the liver circulation in anesthetized rabbits previously injected with endotoxin (escherichia coli, salmonella enteridis, and salmonella minnesota, 400 micrograms each). after endotoxin administration, and without fluid resuscitat ...	1994	7743350
strong adjuvant action of klebsiella o3 lipopolysaccharide and its inhibition of systemic anaphylaxis.	immunization with lipopolysaccharide from klebsiella o3 as an immunological adjuvant did not cause the death of mice in systemic anaphylaxis to bovine serum albumin. on the other hand, most mice immunized with lipopolysaccharide from escherichia coli o111, klebsiella o4 and salmonella minnesota did die. klebsiella o3 lipopolysaccharide enhanced igm and igg antibody response to bsa more markedly than escherichia coli o111 lipopolysaccharide, while it affected the production of ige antibody only s ...	1995	7773234
[the interrelationship of the capacity for the expression of different serovariants of the yersinia pestis capsular antigen with the degree of reduction of the lipopolysaccharide of the bacterial cells].	the immunochemical study of the expression of different serovariants of y. pestis capsular antigen in escherichia coli hb 101, salmonella minnesota r595 and y. pestis ev recipient strains with different degrees of lps reduction was made. plasmids pfs1, pfbk7 and pfbk10 coding initial and serologically atypical variants of the capsular antigen were introduced into microbiol cells. altered lps structures were shown to have no influence on the serological specificity of the capsular antigen. immuno ...	1995	7778370
[anti-escherichia antibodies in the blood sera from nonimmunized donors and in preparations of human immunoglobulin].	the anti-escherichia activity of 188 serum samples obtained from nonimmunized blood donors and 157 batches of the preparation of commercial normal human immunoglobulin were evaluated in the passive hemagglutination test with diagnostica containing e. coli antigens (serovars o2, o14, o26) and kunin antigen, as well as re-glycolipid salmonella minnesota strain r595, used as sensitins. the study demonstrated that from sera of nonimmunized blood donors and from normal human immunoglobulin preparatio ...	1995	7778380
the anti-lipid a monoclonal antibody e5 binds to rough gram-negative bacteria, fixes c3, and facilitates binding of bacterial immune complexes to both erythrocytes and monocytes.	treatment of patients with septic shock using monoclonal antibodies (mabs) to endotoxin is still controversial. clinical trials of e5, one of the mabs directed against the lipid a moiety of lipopolysaccharide (lps), are currently in progress. the mechanisms of action of this, and other antibodies under clinical evaluation, are, however, poorly understood. in this study we examined in vitro the ways in which e5 interacted with gram-negative bacteria, complement, erythrocytes and monocytes. by flu ...	1995	7790040
pretreatment of normal humans with monophosphoryl lipid a induces tolerance to endotoxin: a prospective, double-blind, randomized, controlled trial.	endotoxin is one of the principal mediators of gram-negative septic shock. pretreatment with monophosphoryl lipid a, a hydrolyzed derivative of endotoxin from salmonella minnesota r595, induces endotoxin tolerance and nonspecific resistance to infection in experimental animals. the present clinical trial was undertaken to test the response to monophosphoryl lipid a in humans and the ability of monophosphoryl lipid a to attenuate the response of normal human volunteers to u.s. reference ec-5 endo ...	1995	8001393
scavenger receptor pathway for lipopolysaccharide binding to kupffer and endothelial liver cells in vitro.	we have investigated the interaction of salmonella minnesota r595 lipopolysaccharide (relps) depleted of ca2+ and mg2+ with both kupffer and endothelial liver cells under serum-free conditions. specific and saturable binding levels of 125i-relps were similar in both types of cells with respect to divalent cation independence, susceptibility to proteases, and concanavalin a inhibition. by using partial structures of relps, it was demonstrated that acidic 3-deoxy-d-manno-octulosonic acid residues ...	1995	7868258
production of monoclonal antibodies directed to hanganutziu-deicher active gangliosides, n-glycolylneuraminic acid-containing gangliosides.	we have established three kinds of monoclonal antibodies against gangliosides containing n-glycolylneuraminic acid (neugc) by immunization of balb/c mice with the purified gangliosides inserted into liposomes comprising salmonella minnesota r595 lipopolysaccharides, and fusion of spleen cells with a mouse myeloma cell line. one monoclonal antibody, shs-1, which was generated by immunizing mice with purified i-active ganglioside(neugc), reacted specifically with the i-active ganglioside(neugc) us ...	1995	8586620
biotinylated lipopolysaccharide binds to endotoxin receptor in endothelial and monocytic cells.	endotoxin or lipopolysaccharide (lps), a major cell surface component of gram-negative bacteria, which could bind to different cell types when released into the bloodstream, plays a central role in the pathogenesis of septic shock syndromes. we have established a biotinylation procedure for labeling purified lps molecules from salmonella minnesota r595 and escherichia coli j5 bacteria. the biotin group was conjugated to the bacterial lps either by chemical oxidation of the lps carbohydrate moiet ...	1995	8747478
nitric oxide donor prevents hepatic and systemic perfusion decrease induced by endotoxin in anesthetized rabbits.	controversial studies have been published concerning the role of nitric oxide (no) release (beneficial or deleterious) during sepsis. severe hypotension has been treated by no inhibitors in humans, but animal studies described an increased mortality rate with this treatment. we hypothesized that an no donor might be beneficial in maintaining liver flow during endotoxemia. to answer that question, mean arterial pressure (map), aortic, hepatic artery, and portal vein blood flow velocities (aov, ha ...	1995	7590674
in vivo production of various cytokines in splenocytes of sheep erythrocyte-immunized mice after intravenous administration of bacterial lipid a.	the effects of an intravenous administration of lipid a from salmonella minnesota r595 lipopolysaccharide on the in vivo production of interleukin-2 (il-2), il-4, il-5 and il-6 in the spleens of mice intravenously immunized with sheep red blood cell (srbc) antigen were investigated. the increased number of antigen-specific igm antibody-producing cells and the titer of the igm serum antibody were measured using the plaque-forming cell (pfc) assay and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). ...	1995	7603361
[comparison by ses-page of molecular weights of lipopolysaccharides from campylobacter jejuni lior serotype reference strains and clinical isolates].	to compare the molecular weights (mws) of lipopolysaccharides (lpss) from 30 lior serotype reference strains and 17 clinical isolates of campylobacter jejuni, we analyzed their migration rates by sds-page and the silver staining of the gel. lpss from the serotype strains showed one band in the low-molecular-weight region of the gel as did those from r mutants of enterobacteria. based on those from salmonella minnesota r mutants, mws of lpss from c. jejuni strains were calculated to fall within a ...	1995	7623421
mouse protection induced by pseudomonas aeruginosa pac1r and its defective mutants, salmonella minnesota re-mutant and escherichia coli o14.	pseudomonas aeruginosa pac1r and its defective mutants (acetone-killed bacteria), salmonella minnesota re mutant (acetone-killed bacteria and re-lps) and escherichia coli o14 (acetone-killed bacteria and enterobacterial common antigen, eca) were studied in a mouse active protection test. immunized mice were challenged with wild-type p. aeruginosa strains. it was established that p. aeruginosa lps-defective mutants induced cross-immunity against different fisher immunotypes of p. aeruginosa. s. m ...	1995	7640675
detection of bacterial pyrogens on the basis of their effects on gamma interferon-mediated formation of neopterin or nitrite in cultured monocyte cell lines.	in a number of mammalian cell types, pteridine biosynthesis from guanosine 5'-triphosphate and formation of nitric oxide from l-arginine are induced by gamma interferon (ifn-gamma) and bacterial lipopolysaccharide (lps). we assessed the possibility of using such metabolic alterations for the in vitro detection of pyrogens. products from gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria and related synthetic compounds were tested for their potential to induce either of these pathways. stimulation of pteri ...	1995	7664177
the inflammatory cytokine response to chlamydia trachomatis infection is endotoxin mediated.	chlamydia trachomatis is a major etiologic agent of sexually transmitted diseases. although c. trachomatis is a gram-negative pathogen, chlamydial infections are not generally thought of as endotoxin-mediated diseases. a molecular characterization of the acute immune response to chlamydia, especially with regard to the role of its lipopolysaccharide (lps), remains to be undertaken. we extracted 15 mg of lps from 5 x 10(12) c. trachomatis elementary bodies (eb) for analysis of structure and biolo ...	1995	7542638
influence of cd14, lbp and bpi in the monocyte response to lps of different polysaccharide chain length.	in this study we examined the involvement of human serum, recombinant lipopolysaccharide binding protein (rlbp), recombinant (r)cd14, cd14 antibodies and recombinant bactericidal permeability-increasing factor (rbpi) in the induction of tnf by salmonella minnesota lps of different polysaccharide chain lengths. soluble rcd14 and rlbp markedly enhanced lps 6261 tnf production and to a lesser degree also enhanced tnf production from re 595 lps and lipid a dp. addition of anti-cd14 antibodies result ...	1995	7543211
treatment of candida albicans mannan-specific downregulatory cell populations with divergent concentrations of monophosphoryl lipid a and intact lipopolysaccharide in vitro abrogates their effect on delayed hypersensitivity.	we have shown previously that splenocytes from mice injected with candida albicans mannan (man) suppress man-specific delayed hypersensitivity (dh) when transferred to immunized recipients and that treatment of donor mice with monophosphoryl lipid a (mla) derived from salmonella typhimurium or salmonella minnesota shortly before transfer abrogated the downregulatory activity. we now show that treatment of splenocytes in vitro at 4 degrees c with 5 ng/ml mla or 0.05 ng/ml s. typhimurium lipopolys ...	1996	8548849
the animal lectin galectin-3 interacts with bacterial lipopolysaccharides via two independent sites.	galectin-3 is a beta-galactoside binding protein expressed by activated macrophages, epithelial cells, and certain other cell types. galectin-3 has a c-terminal carbohydrate binding domain, an n-terminal part consisting of a proline- and glycine-rich repetitive domain, and a small n-terminal domain. two independent lps binding sites on galectin-3 were demonstrated by binding of biotinylated lps to immobilized recombinant galectin-3. one appears to be the carbohydrate binding site in the c-termin ...	1996	8568262
activation of murine lymphocytes by lipopolysaccharide incorporated in fusogenic, reconstituted influenza virus envelopes (virosomes).	we have studied the in vitro activation of murine lymphocytes with lps incorporated in the membranes of both phospholipid vesicles (liposomes) and vesicles composed of fusogenic, reconstituted influenza virus envelopes (virosomes). the incorporation of salmonella minnesota rough-lps in liposomes reduced the potency of lps to stimulate splenocyte proliferation and cell surface kappa-light chain expression on 70 z/3 pre-b cells by over 100-fold. salmonella minnesota rough-lps inserted into virosom ...	1996	8757606
planar asymmetric lipid bilayers of glycosphingolipid or lipopolysaccharide on one side and phospholipids on the other: membrane potential, porin function, and complement activation.	we have determined some physicochemical properties of the monosaccharide-type fraction (gsl-1) of glycosphingolipids, the major glycolipid components of the outer leaflet of the gram-negative species sphingomonas paucimobilis. these properties included the state of order of the hydrocarbon moiety, the effective molecular area, surface charge density, and intrinsic transmembrane potential profile of reconstituted planar asymmetric gsl-1/phospholipid bilayer membranes. we have, furthermore, invest ...	1996	8770208
fluorescence resonance energy transfer analysis of lipopolysaccharide in detergent micelles.	bacterial endotoxins or lipopolysaccharides (lps), cell wall components of gram-negative bacteria, are involved in septic shock. lps consists of a lipid a tail attached to core and o-antigen polysaccharides, but little is known about the supramolecular structure of lps in blood. we have developed an approach to locate donor and acceptor probes in sulfobetaine palmitate detergent micelles using steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer. c18-fluorescein and several lps ...	1996	8789116
specific serological response by active immunization with gd3-bearing liposomes.	gd3 is the most prominent ganglioside on the surface of human melanoma cells, and therefore it has been considered by several investigators as a potential tool for active immunotherapy of melanoma. the main obstacle to this goal is that gd3 is poorly immunogenic in mice and in humans. several approaches have been described for increasing the gd3 immunogenicity. here, the immunogenicity of gd3 ganglioside was investigated by vaccination of balb/c x c57b1/6 f1 mice with several types of gd3-bearin ...	1996	8819493
immunopharmacological activities of the nontoxic monophosphoryl lipid a of porphyromonas gingivalis.	the low endotoxic lipid a derived from porphyromonas gingivalis 381, 1-phospho beta(1-6)-linked glucosamine disaccharide with 3-hydroxy-15-methylhexadecanoyl and 3-hexadecanoyloxy-15-methylhexadecanoyl groups at the 2- and 2'-positions, respectively, induced mitogenic responses in lps low responder c3h/hej as well as lps responder c3h/hen mouse splenocytes. the mitogenic activities of p. gingivalis lipid a in splenocytes of lps responder mice were comparable to that of the synthetic escherichia ...	1996	8821652
growth of chlamydia pneumoniae in cultured human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and induction of a cytokine response.	in vitro infection of freshly isolated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (hpbmc) with chlamydia pneumoniae was found to induce a production of tumour necrosis factor alpha (tnf-alpha), interleukin-1 beta (il-1 beta), interleukin-6 (il-6) and interferon alpha (ifn-alpha). the secretion was dependent on the amount of infecting chlamydiae and most of it occurred during the first 12 to 24 h. lipopolysaccharide (lps) of salmonella minnesota rechemotype, used as a positive control for hpbmc act ...	1996	8878018
an experimental animal model of primary biliary cirrhosis induced by lipopolysaccharide and pyruvate dehydrogenase.	previously, we found that the antibody titer belonging to the igm class produced against the bacterial antigen (lipid a) was elevated in sera from patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (pbc). on the other hand, the targets of the mitochondrial autoantibodies have been identified as being components of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (pdh). we tried to produce an experimental animal model for the investigation of the association between hepatic bile duct alteration and bacterial infection. f ...	1996	8942137
stimulation of splenocytes in c3h/hej mice with porphyromonas gingivalis lipid a in comparison with enterobacterial lipid a.	porphyromonas gingivalis 381 lipid a induced strong mitogenic response in splenic b cells separated from lps-non-responsive c3h/hej mice as well as lps-responsive c3h/hen mice, by using a magnetic cell sorting system. the lipid a also exhibited mitogenic activity in splenic t cells. p. gingivalis lipid a induced lower production of interleukin-1 beta (il-1 beta) in splenic macrophage cultures and exhibited a comparable il-6 producing activity in splenic b cells of c3h/hen mice as compared to esc ...	1996	9061380
[comparative characterization of the physico-chemical properties of lipopolysaccharides of yersinia pestis and r-mutants of enterobacteria].	electrokinetic potentials (ekp) of the cells of r mutants of escherichia coli and salmonella minnesota and cells of yersinia pestis strains ev (line niieg), 358/12 p-, twj, java, and 231 (708) were determined, as well as ekp of lipopolysaccharide (lps) preparations isolated from these bacteria. the electric characteristics of the cell surfaces of the strains under investigation were demonstrated to correlate with the lps charge and the reduction extent of their molecules. acidic hydrolysis of lp ...	1996	9102553
hydrolysis of thalidomide abrogates its ability to enhance mononuclear cell synthesis of il-2 as well as its ability to suppress the synthesis of tnf-alpha.	thalidomide is effective in the treatment of inflammatory conditions like erythema nodosum leprosum in leprosy patients, and aphthous ulcers in aids patients. its mechanism of action is uncertain and reports of its effect on the synthesis of inflammatory cytokines such as il-2 and tnf-alpha are contradictory. as thalidomide is labile to spontaneous hydrolysis at ph 7.4, studies were carried out to explore the effects of deliberate hydrolysis or the ability of thalidomide to modulated cytokine pr ...	1997	9129992
structural characterization of lipid a obtained from pantoea agglomerans lipopolysaccharide.	lipopolysaccharide isolated from pantoea agglomerans showed higher priming and triggering activities for macrophages in terms of tumor necrosis factor production than other lipopolysaccharides. to identify the difference in biological activities of lipopolysaccharide of pantoea agglomerans from other lipopolysaccharides on the basis of structure, we determined the structure of the lipid a part, which is the biological center of lipopolysaccharides, by quantitative analysis, nuclear magnetic reso ...	1997	9141664
recognition of antigenic epitopes in lipopolysaccharide and protein from actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans by serum antibodies in untreated rapidly progressive periodontitis patients.	actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans has been associated with early-onset periodontitis, including the localized juvenile and rapidly progressive forms. the immunodominant antigens of a. actinomycetemcomitans recognized by rapidly progressive periodontitis patients remain unidentified. sera from 22 patients with rapidly progressive periodontitis and 20 periodontally normal subjects were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for immunoglobulin g antibodies to whole-cell sonicate, pr ...	1997	9151639
analysis of a monophosphoryl lipid a immunostimulant preparation from salmonella minnesota r595 by high-performance liquid chromatography.	mpl immunostimulant, a 4'-monophosphoryl lipid a (mla) preparation obtained from the lipopolysaccharide of salmonella minnesota r595, is being developed for several clinical indications. mpl comprises a mixture of mla congeners that contain 4, 5, and 6 fatty acids. in this paper, we report a new high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc) method for analyzing the congener composition and purity of mpl. mpl is first derivatized with dinitrobenzyloxyamine (dnba), resulting in incorporation of th ...	1997	9177005
immunization with antibodies that mimic lps protects against gram negative bacterial sepsis.	we developed 9h1.b11, an anti-idiotypic anti-deep core/lipid a (dcla), murine monoclonal antibody (mab) that mimics the conserved dcla region of lipopolysaccharide (lps). it recognizes an epitope in the variable region of an dcla mab, binds to the murine macrophage cell surface, and inhibits lps-induced macrophage cytokine secretion. we hypothesized that (1) active immunization with mab 9h1.b11 would be associated with the development of anti-dcla antibodies and (2) immunization would protect ag ...	1997	9224390
lipopolysaccharide-binding proteins and their involvement in the bacterial clearance from the hemolymph of the silkworm bombyx mori.	proteins having the ability to bind to escherichia coli k12w3110 (rough (r) mutant) were isolated and purified by affinity precipitation from the larval hemolymph of the silkworm bombyx mori. these proteins were found to consist of two components with molecular masses of 43 kda and 40 kda by sds/page. they bound to all e. coli r mutants (ra, rb1, rc, rd1 and re) and salmonella minnesota r mutants. however, they did not bind to smooth types of the above bacteria. they bound to both lipopolysaccha ...	1997	9310381
dephosphorylation of endotoxin by alkaline phosphatase in vivo.	natural substrates for alkaline phosphatase (ap) are at present not identified despite extensive investigations. difficulties in imagining a possible physiological function involve its extremely high ph optimum for the usual exogenous substrates and its localization as an ecto-enzyme. as endotoxin is a substance that contains phosphate groups and is usually present in the extracellular space, we studied whether ap is able to dephosphorylate this bacterial product at physiological ph levels. we t ...	1997	9327750
alpha-kdoase activity in oyster and synthesis of alpha- and beta-4-methylumbelliferyl ketosides of 3-deoxy-d-manno-octulosonic acid.	although alpha- and beta-linked 3-deoxy-d-manno-octulosonic acid (kdo) is found in lipopolysaccharides (lpss) of gram-negative bacteria, capsular polysaccharides of microorganisms, and plants, very little is known about its degradation. using both thin-layer chromatography and the periodate-thiobarbituric acid reaction, we found that the hepatopancreas of oyster (crassostrea virginica) contained an enzyme (alpha-kdoase) capable of releasing alpha-linked kdo from lpss. to facilitate the studies o ...	1997	9334217
evaluation of protection by two endotoxin-neutralizing igm monoclonal antibodies in different peritonitis models.	two anti-core glycolipid (cgl) igm monoclonal antibodies (mabs 8-2 and 26-20), previously shown to display cross-reactivity with heterologous lipopolysaccharide (lps) in vitro and to provide cross-protectivity against endotoxin challenge in vivo, were evaluated for their potential to protect mice against death from peritonitis caused by heterologous bacterial challenge. without concurrent antibiotic treatment neither antibody was protective. compared with a control mab, prophylactic treatment wi ...	1997	9372427
a newly identified horseshoe crab lectin with binding specificity to o-antigen of bacterial lipopolysaccharides.	we identified a novel horseshoe crab hemocyte-derived lectin, which we named tachylectin-4. it has more potent hemagglutinating activity against human a-type erythrocytes than a previously identified hemocyte lectin with an affinity to n-acetylglucosamine, tachylectin-2. the purified tachylectin-4 is an oligomeric glycoprotein of 470 kda, composed of subunits of 30 and 31.5 kda. ca2+ at 10 mm enhanced the hemagglutinating activity 4-fold, and the activity was inhibited by edta and o-phenanthroli ...	1997	9388206
endotoxic properties of free lipid a from porphyromonas gingivalis.	the relationship between chemical structure and biological activity of the lipid a from porphyromonas gingivalis, which we recently isolated and whose complete chemical structure was determined [kumada et al. (1995). j bacteriol 177, 2098-2106], was studied. the lipid a exhibited endotoxic activity in all the assay systems tested: limulus gelation activity, lethal toxicity in galactosamine-sensitized mice, mitogenicity in mouse spleen cells and induction of nitric oxide (no) and tumour necrosis ...	1997	9025279
spectral studies on the interaction of iodine and anthracene sulfonate with bacterial phospholipids from different mutants of salmonella minnesota.	using spectrophotometric and spectrofluorometric techniques, the interaction of iodine and 2-anthracene sulfonate (ans) with the phospholipids (pl) isolated from four genetically correlated salmonella minnesota isolates viz., a smooth form (s), a deeply rough mutant (rc) and two intermediate forms (ra and rb) were studied. appearance of an isosbestic point and a new band in absorption spectra indicated charge-transfer (c-t) interaction of iodine with the pl through the formation of 1:1 complex. ...	1998	10410462
complementary recognition of alternative pathway activators by decay-accelerating factor and factor h.	the alternative complement pathway (acp) functions as a surveillance mechanism by which microorganisms are opsonized with c3b in the absence of specific antibodies. the effectiveness of the acp relies on its ability to distinguish self from non-self. this recognition function is mediated by c3 regulatory proteins including serum factor h, membrane cofactor protein (mcp), and membrane decay-accelerating factor (daf). h activity against bound c3b can be increased by host components such as sialic ...	1998	9453587
binding of bacterial peptidoglycan to cd14.	the hypothesis that soluble peptidoglycan (spgn, a macrophage-activator from gram-positive bacteria) binds to cd14 (a lipopolysaccharide (lps) receptor) was tested. spgn specifically bound to cd14 in the following three assays: binding of soluble 32p-cd14 (scd14) to agarose-immobilized spgn, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and photoaffinity cross-linking. scd14 also specifically bound to agarose-immobilized muramyl dipeptide or glcnac-muramyl dipeptide but not to pgn pentapeptide. binding of ...	1998	9535844
tissue-specific protein kinase c isoforms differentially mediate macrophage tnfalpha and il-1beta production.	macrophage subpopulations are differentially activated during sepsis, shock, or trauma; however, it is unknown whether inherent mechanistic and phenotypic differences exist between macrophage subpopulations that may account for region-specific inflammation. we hypothesized that macrophage expression/function of protein kinase c (pkc) isoforms is tissue specific (alveolar versus peritoneal). rat alveolar and peritoneal macrophages were each probed for the expression of pkc isoforms alpha, beta1, ...	1998	9565253
early alterations in intracellular and alveolar surfactant of the rat lung in response to endotoxin.	the aim of this study was to characterize early ultrastructural, biochemical, and functional alterations of the pulmonary surfactant system induced by salmonella minnesota lipopolysaccharide (lps) in rat lungs. experimental groups were: (1) control in vitro, 150 min perfusion; (2) lps in vitro, 150 min perfusion, infusion of 50 microg/ml lps after 40 min; (3) control ex vivo, 10 min perfusion; (4) lps ex vivo, lungs perfused for 10 min from rats treated for 110 min with 20 mg/kg lps intraperiton ...	1998	9603148
enhanced endogenous antioxidant activity and inhibition of cerebral vasospasm in rabbits by pretreatment with a nontoxic endotoxin analog, monophosphoryl lipid a.	monophosphoryl lipid a (mpl) and diphosphoryl lipid (dpl) are derivatives of the lipopolysaccharide (endotoxin) of salmonella minnesota strain r595. monophosphoryl lipid a is relatively nontoxic and can stimulate the natural defense or immune system. diphosphoryl lipid is relatively toxic; however, at higher concentrations, it can also stimulate an immune response. the purpose of the present study was to determine the effects of these endotoxin analogs on cerebral vasospasm after the onset of su ...	1998	9609304
[self-regulation of salmonella minnesota populations in the process of induced autolysis].	the dynamics of the populations of s. minnesota s- and r-forms in autolysis, induced by multifactor methods with and without the use of oleic acid, the analog of autolysis-activating autoregulator, was studied. in the process of autolysis the optical density (od) of cell suspension, the total number of bacteria, the number of anabiotic refractile cells and the number of colony-forming units (cfu) were analyzed. the comparative analysis of the kinetics of the induced autolysis of salmonella s- an ...	1998	9662820
the influence of poly-(l-lysine) and porin on the domain structure of mixed vesicles composed of lipopolysaccharide and phospholipid: an infrared spectroscopic study.	fourier transform infrared (ftir) spectroscopy has been used to study the thermotropic phase behavior of binary lipid mixtures composed of deuterated phospholipids (pls) and lipopolysaccharides (lpss). furthermore, the influence of an extrinsic high-molecular, polycationic polypeptide (poly-(l-lysine), pll(500)) and an intrinsic membrane protein (outer membrane protein f, ompf) on these binary mixtures was investigated by ftir spectroscopy. "deep rough" mutant lps (relps), isolated from salmonel ...	1998	9675185
cloning and characterization of the hakata antigen, a member of the ficolin/opsonin p35 lectin family.	the hakata antigen is a novel, thermolabile beta2-macroglycoprotein that reacts with sera from patients suffering from systemic lupus erythematosus. in this study we present the structure and the function of the hakata antigen. we have identified cdna clones encoding the hakata antigen and analyzed its function. the cdna included a possible open reading frame of 897 nucleotides, encoding 299 amino acids. the hakata antigen consisted of a collagen-like domain in the middle section and a fibrinoge ...	1998	9694814
effect of gamma irradiation on chemical and biological properties of lipopolysaccharide from salmonella typhimurium.	lipopolysaccharide (lps) from s. typhimurium on exposure to gamma-radiation resulted in decrease in toxicity and was less mitogenic, silver stained profiles of irradiated lps on polyacrylamide gels revealed complete loss of its heteropolysaccharides which was confirmed further by analysing lipid a and lps from salmonella minnesota re mutants on sds-page. glucosamine and 2-keto 3-deoxy-octonate(kdo) contents were significantly decreased on treatment. lipid a obtained by removal of heteropolysacch ...	1998	9731474
a synthetic lipopolysaccharide-binding peptide based on amino acids 27-39 of serum amyloid p component inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced responses in human blood.	lps-binding proteins in plasma play an important role in modifying lps toxicity. significant properties have already been attributed to the lps-binding protein (lbp). it accelerates lps toxicity as well as incorporation into high-density lipoproteins, leading to neutralization of lps in serum. a search for other lps-binding components in serum, using lps-coated magnetic beads, revealed a new lps-binding protein. n-terminal microsequencing identified this protein as serum amyloid p component (sap ...	1998	9759883
[the corrective action of antibodies in experimental intestinal dysbacteriosis].	as shown in this work, antisera obtained after the immunization of animals with vaccines, prepared from salmonella minnesota strain r595 (re mutant) or escherichia coli o14 having enterobacterial common antigen (eca), as well as human antisera with elevated titers of antibodies to re glycolipid or to lps o14 (eca), inhibited the development of experimental intestinal dysbacteriosis in white mice, induced by the administration of ampyox in large doses. the degree of the inhibiting action of the a ...	1998	9783390
[an antigenic analysis and the protective properties of the r-form lipopolysaccharides of gram-negative bacteria].	the antigenic and immunogenic properties of the r-form lipopolysaccharides (r-lps) of pseudomonas aeruginosa, salmonella minnesota, escherichia coli and shigella were studied. the results of the study revealed the existence of antigenic relationship between p.aeruginosa r-lps and r-lps escherichia and shigella. in serological tests no antigenic relationship between p. aeruginosa r-lps and salmonella r-lps was revealed, but as shown in earlier experiments of the protection of mice, re-glycolipid ...	1998	9783402
helicobacter pylori lipopolysaccharide binds to cd14 and stimulates release of interleukin-8, epithelial neutrophil-activating peptide 78, and monocyte chemotactic protein 1 by human monocytes.	helicobacter pylori gastritis is characterized by leukocyte infiltration of the gastric mucosa. the aims of this study were to determine whether h. pylori-derived factors stimulate chemokine release from human monocytes and to ascertain whether h. pylori lipopolysaccharide (lps) may be responsible for this effect. human peripheral blood monocytes were exposed to an h. pylori water extract (hpe) or to purified h. pylori lps. levels of the chemokines interleukin-8 (il-8), epithelial neutrophil-act ...	1998	9784544
enhanced immunogenicity of a recombinant genital warts vaccine adjuvanted with monophosphoryl lipid a.	the regression of genital warts is believed to be a t-cell-mediated immune effect. we have sought to enhance the immunogenicity of a therapeutic vaccine for the treatment of genital warts with the use of the adjuvant monophosphoryl lipid a (mpl-immunostimulant), a detoxified form of the lipopolysaccharide (lps) of salmonella minnesota r595. the comparative immunogenicity and reactogenicity of a recombinant human papillomavirus type 6 (hpv6) l2e7 fusion protein in either aqueous, oil-in-water emu ...	1998	9796056
the effect of the lipid a analog e5531 on phospholipid membrane properties.	in order to determine the effect of the lipid a analog, e5531, on phospholipid membranes, we used dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (dppc) and investigated the physicochemical interaction between e5531 and dppc membranes. e5531 and dppc are miscible in the bulk phase at 25 degrees c. within the e5531 mole fraction range (x(e5531)) of 0-0.5, e5531 decreased the zeta potentials of dppc membranes but did not change the size of the dppc liposomes. e5531/dppc mixtures formed liposome-like structures. e5 ...	1998	9821951
comparison of the effects of salmonella minnesota re595 lipopolysaccharide, lipid a and monophosphoryl lipid a on nitric oxide, tnf-alpha, and il-6 induction from raw 264.7 macrophages.	lipopolysaccharide (lps) exhibits a wide variety of bioactivities. although it was generally proposed that the lipid a component represented the active center responsible for most of the bioactivities of lps, a variety of lipid a partial structures and analogues were reported to have different properties. lipopolysaccharide of the re595 mutant of salmonella minnesota is lack of o and part of the core polysaccharide (2 keto-3-deoxyoctanate (kdo) left on lipid a). re595 lipid a (la) and re595 mono ...	1998	9848688
antigenic components of actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans lipopolysaccharide recognized by sera from patients with localized juvenile periodontitis.	the dominant antigen of actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans recognized by high-titer sera from patients with localized juvenile periodontitis is the serotype antigen located in the o-side chains of lipopolysaccharide. whether such sera contain antibodies reactive with other epitopes in lipopolysaccharide, as is the case for patients with rapidly progressive periodontitis, remains unknown. we prepared and characterized by gas liquid chromatography lipopolysaccharide, lipid a, core carbohydrate w ...	1998	10093529
[estimation of mean molecular weight of enterobacteriaceae lipopolysaccharides using gas chromatography for determination of fatty acids].	in the paper, we propose a method for estimation of the mean molecular weight of lipopolysaccharide, which is important for accuracy of endotoxin activity investigation. in our study, it was assumed that lipid a portion in enterobacterial lipopolysaccharide is substituted by four 3-hydroxytetradecanoic acid residues. lipopolysaccharides of s, ra, rc and re chemotypes being laboratory preparations as well as purchased from sigma were investigated. fatty acids were determined by of gas chromatogra ...	1998	10222736
suppressive effects of serum on the lps-induced production of nitric oxide and tnf-alpha by a macrophage-like cell line, wehi-3, are dependent on the structure of polysaccharide chains in lps.	the effect of serum on lps-induced activation of a murine macrophage-like cell line, wehi-3, was examined. foetal calf serum strongly inhibited the production of nitric oxide (no) and tnf-alpha by lps-stimulated wehi-3 cells, while it enhanced the production of both by other macrophage-like cell lines, j774.1 and bam3, on treatment with lps. this suppressive effect of serum on wehi-3 cells was most remarkable when the cells were stimulated with rough-chemotype lps, ra lps, rc lps and rd2 lps. fo ...	1999	10234550
active specific immunotherapy for metastatic colorectal carcinoma: phase i study of an allogeneic cell vaccine plus low-dose interleukin-1 alpha.	a vaccine consisting of four allogeneic colon carcinoma cell lines (dld-1, hct116, widr, and t84) mixed with the adjuvant detox (mycobacterium phlei cell wall and salmonella minnesota lipid a) was administered to 25 patients with low-volume metastatic colorectal carcinoma. the first eight patients received vaccine only, given intradermally on three occasions at 3-week intervals. subsequent patients also received subcutaneous interleukin-1 alpha (il-1 alpha), 0.3-0.5 microgram/m2 per day for 8 da ...	1999	10335485
lipid a modifications characteristic of salmonella typhimurium are induced by nh4vo3 in escherichia coli k12. detection of 4-amino-4-deoxy-l-arabinose, phosphoethanolamine and palmitate.	two-thirds of the lipid a in wild-type escherichia coli k12 is a hexa-acylated disaccharide of glucosamine in which monophosphate groups are attached at positions 1 and 4'. the remaining lipid a contains a monophosphate substituent at position 4' and a pyrophosphate moiety at position 1. the biosynthesis of the 1-pyrophosphate unit is unknown. its presence is associated with lipid a translocation to the outer membrane (zhou, z., white, k. a., polissi, a., georgopoulos, c., and raetz, c. r. h. (1 ...	1999	10373459
lipopolysaccharide structure influences the macrophage response via cd14-independent and cd14-dependent pathways.	cd14, a protein expressed on the surface of monocytes and neutrophils, is a major receptor for lipopolysaccharide (lps). studies with normal and cd14-deficient macrophages show that responses to low concentrations of lps require expression of cd14, whereas responses to high concentrations of lps are cd14-independent. since lps isolated from different bacterial species shows structural variability, studies were performed to determine whether differences in lps structure influence cd14-dependent a ...	1999	10194066
lipopolysaccharide-coated erythrocytes activate human neutrophils via cd14 while subsequent binding is through cd11b/cd18.	interaction of lps with monocytes and neutrophils is known to occur via cd14 and is strongly enhanced by lps-binding protein (lbp). integrins as well as cd14 play a role in the interaction of erythrocytes (e) coated with lps or whole gram-negative bacteria with phagocytes. we reasoned that the density of lps on a particle is an important determinant in these interactions. therefore, e were coated with different concentrations of lps (elps). the binding of these elps to neutrophils was evaluated ...	1999	10201950
thermodynamics and structural studies of the interaction of polymyxin b with deep rough mutant lipopolysaccharides.	deep rough mutant lipopolysaccharide (relps) dissolved in aqueous solution spontaneously forms supramolecular structures which mainly consist of vesicles. addition of polymyxin b (pmb) to these relps vesicles influence the shape of these structures as demonstrated here by electronmicroscopy and dynamic light scattering techniques. the main phase transition of the relps is found at 21.3 +/- 0.1 degrees c for relps from escherichia coli and at 24.0 +/- 0.5 degrees c for relps from salmonella minne ...	1999	10222097
endotoxin inhibits heat shock protein 70 (hsp70) expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with severe sepsis.	to investigate the ex vivo endotoxin-inducible heat shock protein 70 (hsp70) expression in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) of patients with severe sepsis in order to assess the capacity of this potentially protective response during systemic inflammation.	1999	10051078
lipopolysaccharides (lps) of oral black-pigmented bacteria induce tumor necrosis factor production by lps-refractory c3h/hej macrophages in a way different from that of salmonella lps.	some lipopolysaccharide (lps) preparations from s- or r-form members of the family enterobacteriaceae and oral black-pigmented bacteria (porphyromonas gingivalis and prevotella intermedia) are known to activate lps-refractory c3h/hej macrophages. when contaminating proteins are removed from r-form lps of enterobacteriaceae by repurification, however, this ability is lost. in the present study, we investigated the capacity of lps from p. gingivalis, p. intermedia, salmonella minnesota, and salmon ...	1999	10085012
direct visualization of gram-negative bacterial lipopolysaccharide self-assembly.	bacterial lipopolysaccharides (lps) are outer cell wall components of gram-negative bacteria that may cause septic shock in mammals. the exact morphology of lps when interacting with macromolecular complexes of the septic shock pathway in blood is still uncertain. here, the geometry and morphology of hydrated bacterial lps, dispersed in solution, at and below its the critical aggregate concentration, were directly examined by tapping mode atomic force microscopy (tmafm) and dynamic light scatter ...	1999	10527890
252cf-plasma desorption mass spectrometry of unmodified lipid a: fragmentation patterns and localization of fatty acids.	the fragmentation patterns of synthetic escherichia coli-type lipid a in plasma desorption mass spectrometry (pdms) in both negative- and positive-ion modes were determined. negative-ion spectra gave signals for the main diphosphorylated (intact) molecular species in their native proportions. intact and alkaline-treated lipid a in this mode gave, for the glucosamine i moiety, easily identified signals that have not been previously reported in pdms. these spectra gave enough information to locali ...	1999	10547633
3-o-desacyl monophosphoryl lipid a derivatives: synthesis and immunostimulant activities.	the synthesis of a series of novel analogues of lipid a, the active principle of lipopolysaccharide, is reported. in these compounds, the 1-o-phosphono and (r)-3-hydroxytetradecanoyl moieties of native salmonella minnesota r595 lipid a have been replaced with hydrogen and the length of the normal fatty acyl residues has been systematically varied. normal fatty acid chain length in the 3-o-desacyl monophosphoryl lipid a (mla) series is shown to be a critical determinant of inos gene expression in ...	1999	10579826
induction of tolerance against ischemia/reperfusion injury in the rat brain by preconditioning with the endotoxin analog diphosphoryl lipid a.	inflammatory responses and oxygen free radicals have increasingly been implicated in the development of ischemic brain injury. in some cases, an attenuation of inflammation or free-radical injury can provide tissue protection. diphosphoryl lipid a (dpl) is a detoxified derivative of a lipopolysaccharide (endotoxin) of salmonella minnesota strain r595, which is capable of stimulating the immune system without eliciting direct toxic effects. in this study the authors examined the influence of prec ...	2000	10701530
rough and smooth forms of fluorescein-labelled bacterial endotoxin exhibit cd14/lbp dependent and independent binding that is influencedby endotoxin concentration.	lipopolysaccharide (lps, or endotoxin), is a major constituent of the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria. bacteria express either smooth lps, which is composed of o-antigen (o-ag), complete core oligosaccharides, and the lipid a, or rough lps which lack o-ag but possess lipid a and progressively shorter core oligosaccharides. cd14 has been described as the receptor for complexes of lps with lps-binding protein (lbp). using flow cytometry we have compared the binding of salmonella minnesota ...	2000	10759844
confirmation of the structure of lipid a from enterobacter agglomerans by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry	electrospray ionization (esi) combined with tandem mass spectrometry (ms/ms) was utilized for the structural confirmation of lipid a derived from enterobacter agglomerans, a gram-negative bacterium commonly found in field cotton. previous esi-ms studies conducted in our laboratory found that similarities exist between the fatty acid side-chains in the lipid a of e. agglomerans and that of salmonella minnesota. it was noted that heterogeneity at the fatty acyl chain at position 3' of the diglucos ...	2000	10767765
rapid and specific enzyme immunoassay on hydrophobic grid membrane filter for detection and enumeration of thermophilic campylobacter spp. from milk and chicken rinses.	six commercially available anti-campylobacter antibodies were examined for their applicability in an enzyme immunoassay on hydrophobic grid membrane filters, both for the detection and enumeration of campylobacter spp. when a panel of nine campylobacter (seven campylobacter jejuni and two campylobacter coli) and eight non-campylobacter strains were used in a dot-blot format enzyme immunoassay to test the specificity of these antibodies, only one polyclonal antibody (biodesign) detected all campy ...	2000	10772214
role of nitric oxide in lipopolysaccharide-induced oxidant stress in the rat kidney.	lipopolysaccharide (lps)-induced renal oxidant injury and the role of nitric oxide (no) were evaluated using the inducible nitric oxide synthase (inos) inhibitor l-iminoethyl-lysine (l-nil). one group of male rats received lps (salmonella minnesota; 2 mg/kg, i.v.). a second group received lps plus l-nil (3 mg/kg, i.p.). a third group received saline i.v. at 6 hr, inos protein was induced in the kidney cortex, and plasma nitrate/nitrite levels were increased from 4 +/- 2 nmol/ml in the saline gro ...	2000	10810455
oxidant stress in rat liver after lipopolysaccharide administration: effect of inducible nitric-oxide synthase inhibition.	the role of inducible nitric-oxide synthase (inos) in lipopolysaccharide (lps)-induced hepatic oxidant stress was evaluated using the inos inhibitor l-iminoethyl-lysine (l-nil). male rats were divided into three groups. one group received lps (salmonella minnesota) 2 mg/kg i.v. a second group received lps plus l-nil (3 mg/kg i.p.) at the time of lps administration followed by a second dose 3 h later. a third group received saline i.v. at 6 h, blood and liver tissue were collected. serum nitrate/ ...	2000	10869399
the pstl polymorphism of the endotoxin-inducible heat-shock protein 70-2 gene does not affect messenger rna level in human whole-blood cultures.	to determine whether the human leukocyte antigen linked biallelic heat-shock protein 70-2 (hsp70-2) gene polymorphism is associated with variable hsp70-2 messenger rna expression.	2000	11030172
stimulation of adenoidal lymphocytes by alloiococcus otitidis.	otitis media with effusion (ome) is characterized by persistent effusion in the middle ear cavity and by chronic inflammation in the middle ear mucosa. alloiococcus otitidis, a gram-positive aerobic bacterium, has been isolated in middle ear effusion, and by means of sensitive polymerase chain reaction detection assays it has been detected in as many as 20% of middle ear aspirates of patients with ome. because a otitidis may freely interact with leukocytes in the middle ear effusion, it may pote ...	2000	11051437
the role of polar and facial amphipathic character in determining lipopolysaccharide-binding properties in synthetic cationic peptides.	two series of peptides, designated k and nk were synthesized and tested for lipid a binding and neutralizing properties. k2, which has an 11-residue amphiphilic core, and a branched n-terminus bearing two branched lysinyl residues does not bind lipid a, while nk2, also with an 11-residue amphiphilic core comprised entirely of non-ionizable residues, and a similarly branched, cationic n-terminus, binds lipid a very weakly. both peptides do not inhibit lipopolysaccharide (lps) activity in the limu ...	2000	11052180
toll-like receptor 4, but not toll-like receptor 2, is a signaling receptor for escherichia and salmonella lipopolysaccharides.	two members of the mammalian toll-like receptor (tlr) family, tlr2 and tlr4, have been implicated as receptors mediating cellular activation in response to bacterial lps. through the use of mabs raised against human tlr2 and tlr4, we have conducted studies in human cell lines and whole blood to ascertain the relative contribution of these receptors to lps induced cytokine release. we show that the contribution of tlr2 and tlr4 to lps-induced cellular activation correlates with the relative expre ...	2000	11067937
anti-endotoxin antibodies in human milk: correlation with infection of the newborn.	a longitudinal study was performed to investigate the content of human colostrum and milk of antibodies against endotoxins of escherichia coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa and salmonella minnesota during the first 6 mo of lactation. the influence of the gestational age of the newborn and the prevalence of a systemic infection in the child on maternal antibody production were observed. colostrum of mothers of term infants who had shown signs of systemic infection contained higher antibody concentratio ...	2000	11071090
differences in tnf-alpha producing activity from murine peritoneal macrophages induced by lipopolysaccharides of prevotella heparinolytica and porphyromonas gingivalis.	we compared the effects of lpss from p. gingivalis and p. heparinolytica on the induction of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (tnf-alpha) production by murine peritoneal macrophages. the lipopolysaccharide (lps) preparation from p. gingivalis showed a typical ladder pattern in sds-page, whereas that from p. heparinolytica formed several stained bands without a ladder pattern. when the macrophages from c3h/hej mice were incubated with p. gingivalis lps, the level of tnf-alpha released in the culture s ...	2000	11212586
dna immunization in combination with the immunostimulant monophosphoryl lipid a.	the use of the mpl® immunostimulant, a monophosphoryl lipid a preparation derived from the lipopolysaccharide (lps) of salmonella minnesota r595, began with the studies of johnson et al. (1). it was shown that lps was a potent adjuvant for protein antigens, even if administered at a different site and a different time than the antigen (2,3). nonetheless, the toxicity of the lps precluded its usefulness as a practical adjuvant. studies by ribi and co-workers (4-6) and others (7) resulted in the a ...	2000	21374326
binding specificity of polymyxin b, bpi, lalf, and anti-deep core/lipid a monoclonal antibody to lipopolysaccharide partial structures.	the deep core/lipid a (dcla) region of gram-negative bacterial lipopolysaccharide (lps) is common to most gram-negative pathogens and contains anionic phosphoryl groups plus numerous acyl chains as part of the toxic lipid a moiety. several disparate agents that antagonize the effects of lps exhibit extensive physicochemical similarities (hydrophobicity, cationic charge) within their binding domains. it is presumed that binding to the dcla region by each of these antagonists-cross-reactive anti-l ...	2001	11220640
virulent strains of salmonella enteritidis disrupt the epithelial barrier of caco-2 and hep-2 cells.	to confirm the existence in nature of salmonella enteritidis strains of different degrees of virulence and to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the effects of such strains on the epithelial barrier function, the consequences of infection of caco-2 cells and hep-2 cells with 15 s. enteritidis strains in a chicken infection model were examined. the more virulent strains of s. enteritidis, which are biofilm producers in adherence test medium, were able to disrupt hep-2 and caco-2 monolayers, as s ...	2001	11271420
md-2 binds to bacterial lipopolysaccharide.	the exact roles and abilities of the individual components of the lipopolysaccharide (lps) receptor complex of proteins remain unclear. md-2 is a molecule found in association with toll-like receptor 4. we produced recombinant human md-2 to explore its lps binding ability and role in the lps receptor complex. md-2 binds to highly purified rough lps derived from salmonella minnesota and escherichia coli in five different assays; one assay yielded an apparent kd of 65 nm. md-2 binding to lps did n ...	2001	11500507
non-standard biological activities of lipopolysaccharide from helicobacter pylori.	as assessed by the lipopolysaccharide (lps)-specific chromogenic limulus amoebocyte lysate (lal) assay, helicobacter pylori lps extracted by the phenol-water procedure showed full potency to coagulate lal, as did lps from salmonella minnesota and escherichia coli. however, pretreatment of h. pylori lps with polymyxin b, which easily destroys the endotoxic activity of enterobacterial lps/lipid a, had little effect on the lal coagulation activity, although the same treatment of e. coli lps markedl ...	2001	11599735
a th1-inducing adjuvant, mpl, enhances antibody profiles in experimental animals suggesting it has the potential to improve the efficacy of allergy vaccines.	monophosphoryl lipid a (mpl) is a detoxified derivative of the lipopolysaccharide (lps) moiety of salmonella minnesota r595, which has retained immunostimulatory activities. mpl has been administered to many subjects in clinical trials as an adjuvant component of infectious disease vaccines and is currently a component of a licensed cancer vaccine, melacine (corixa inc., schering plough). mpl has, in particular, been shown to promote th1-type antigen specific responses. l-tyrosine is a depot adj ...	2001	11729351
cross-reaction between the genus-specific lipopolysaccharide antigen of chlamydia spp. and the lipopolysaccharides of porphyromonas gingivalis, escherichia coli o119 and salmonella newington: implications for diagnosis.	seven hybridoma clones, secreting monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against the genus-specific chlamydial lipopolysaccharide (lps) antigen were obtained after immunization of balb/c mice with formalin killed chlamydia psittaci. the antigen-binding properties of the mabs were characterized in different immunologic reactions with purified chlamydial elementary bodies and lps antigens from s- and r-forms of gram-negative bacteria. four mabs reacted with the heterologous lps antigens of salmonella r-muta ...	2001	11750161
differential clearance and induction of host responses by various administered or released lipopolysaccharides.	the clearance and activity of different types of lipopolysaccharide (lps) released during infection with gram-negative bacteria were investigated. when highly purified preparations differing in their specific endotoxin activity were administered intravenously to mice, the clearance of rough (r)-form lps preparations from salmonella minnesota and escherichia coli was much faster than that of a smooth (s)-form lps preparation from salmonella abortus equi, but slower than that of lipo-oligosacchari ...	2001	11753211
standardisation of glutaraldehyde-modified tyrosine-adsorbed tree pollen vaccines containing the th1-inducing adjuvant, monophosphoryl lipid a (mpl).	a new range of allergy vaccines has been developed by the introduction of a relatively new th1-inducing adjuvant known as 3-deacylated monophosphoryl lipid a (mpl). mpl adjuvant is of natural origin, derived from the lipopolysaccharide of salmonella minnesota r595. this adjuvant is incorporated in a glutaraldehyde-modified pollen extract adsorbed to l-tyrosine (pollinex quattro). a major potential benefit provided by mpl adjuvant is the promotion of a th1 response which enhances the efficacy of ...	2001	11834183
endotoxin-lipoprotein complex formation as a factor in atherogenesis: associations with hyperlipidemia and with lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase activity.	a potential role of endotoxin-lipoprotein (bacterial lipopolysaccharide-lipoprotein, lps-lp) complex formation as a pathogenic factor for atherosclerosis has not been studied yet. the aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that in endotoxinemia in humans hyperlipidemia associated with atherosclerosis development can favor an excessive lps-lp complex formation, and endotoxin presented in blood can inhibit lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (lcat), one of the key enzymes of reverse cholest ...	2002	12139471
the oxidative effect of bacterial lipopolysaccharide on native and cross-linked human hemoglobin as a function of the structure of the lipopolysaccharide.	the binding of lipopolysaccharide (lps, also known as bacterial endotoxin) to human hemoglobin is known to result in oxidation of hemoglobin to methemoglobin and hemichrome. we have investigated the effects of the lpss from smooth and rough escherichia coli and salmonella minnesota on the rate of oxidation of native oxyhemoglobin a0 and hemoglobin cross-linked between the alpha-99 lysines. for cross-linked hemoglobin, both smooth lpss produced a rate of oxidation faster than the corresponding ro ...	2002	12230576
synthesis and antibacterial activity of fused mannich ketones.	new mannich ketones of fused bicyclic ketones as 1-indanones and 1-tetralones were prepared using the classical acid-catalysed mannich reaction. known members of this family were used in comparative biological tests. antibacterial activity of these new water-soluble compounds was reported against pseudomonas aeruginosa, escherichia coli, e. coli red31m4, salmonella minnesota re595, shigella sonnei re4350, staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus saprophyticus, micrococcus luteus and bacillus subtil ...	2002	12446038
removal of phosphate from lipid a as a strategy to detoxify lipopolysaccharide.	lipopolysaccharide (lps) may cause sepsis when it enters the blood circulation. the toxic moiety of lps is the well-preserved lipid a part. lipid a contains two phosphate groups attached to diglucosamine, which are crucial for the many biological activities of lps. in previous studies we found that alkaline phosphatase (ap) was able to dephosphorylate lps. to test whether lps-dephosphorylation can be used for intervention during sepsis, we investigated the effects of salmonella minnesota re 595 ...	2002	12462566
immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a formalin-inactivated rotavirus vaccine combined with lipid adjuvants.	the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of inactivated rotavirus vaccine administered intramuscularly with lipid adjuvants; mpl (monophosphoryl lipid a from salmonella minnesota) or l3 (monooleate/lauric acid) was evaluated in an infant mouse model. purified and formalin-inactivated rhesus rotavirus (i-rrv) combined with one of the adjuvants were administered to female balb/c mice at 0, 4 and 8 weeks. high serum igg antibody titers developed in all vaccinated groups; i-rrv (gmt 45524+/-9819), ...	2003	12531634