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[Silkworm excrement organic fertilizer: its nutrient properties and application effect].In this paper, silkworm excrement was harmless-treated via controlled fermentation to prepare silkworm excrement organic fertilizer (SEOF). The nutrient properties of the SEOF were determined, and a pot experiment was conducted to examine the application effect of the fertilizer. After fermentation, the total N, P, and K contents in the SEOF had a significant increase, being 58.0%, 84.4% , and 29.7% higher than those in the raw material, respectively. The addition of microbial inoculants shorten ...201122007458
Brief report: genome sequence and construction of an infectious cDNA clone of Ribgrass mosaic virus from Chinese cabbage in Korea.Ribgrass mosaic virus (RMV) has severely decreased the production and lowered quality of Chinese cabbage co-infected with Turnip mosaic virus (63.4%) in Korea. The complete genome sequence of RMV isolated from Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis was determined. The full genome consisted of 6,304 nucleotides and showed sequence identities of 91.5-94.2% with the corresponding genome of other RMV strains. Full-length cDNA of RMV-Br was amplified by RT-PCR with a 5'-end primer harboring a T7 promoter sequ ...201122143325
[development of molecular markers linked to the resistant qtl for downy mildew in brassica rapa l. ssp. pekinensis].downy mildew, caused by the oomycete hyaloperonospora parasitica constant. (pers. ex fr.), is one of the most severe diseases in chinese cabbage, leading to reduction of yield and quality of the harvested products. therefore, identifying molecular markers linked to the major qtl for downy mildew resistance will be helpful in breeding resistant varieties of chinese cabbage. here, one highly susceptible line 91-112, one highly resistant line t12-19, and the derived dh population were employed to d ...201122120085
Effects of Leuconostoc mesenteroides starter cultures on microbial communities and metabolites during kimchi fermentation.Kimchi fermentation usually relies upon the growth of naturally-occurring various heterofermentative lactic acid bacteria (LAB). This sometimes makes it difficult to produce kimchi with uniform quality. The use of Leuconostoc mesenteroides as a starter has been considered to produce commercial fermented kimchi with uniform and good quality in Korea. In this study, a combination of a barcoded pyrosequencing strategy and a (1)H NMR technique was used to investigate the effects of Leu. mesenteroide ...201122189023
effects of host plant and genetic background on the fitness costs of resistance to bacillus thuringiensis.novel resistance to pathogens and pesticides is commonly associated with a fitness cost. however, measurements of the fitness costs of insecticide resistance have used diverse methods to control for genetic background and rarely assess the effects of environmental variation. here, we explored how genetic background interacts with resource quality to affect the expression of the fitness costs associated with resistance. we used a serially backcrossed line of the diamondback moth, plutella xyloste ...201120517345
[correlation of bacterial diversity in rot chinese cabbage with the habitat].to investigate the diversity of bacteria in soft rot chinese cabbage and analyze their correlation with rhizosphere bacteria, we analyzed the bacterial population structures of soft rot chinese cabbage and the rhizosphere in different habitat.201122379805
enhanced resistance to bacterial and fungal pathogens by overexpression of a human cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide (hcap18/ll-37) in chinese cabbage.the human cathelicidin antimicrobial protein hcap18, which includes the c-terminal peptide ll-37, is a multifunctional protein. as a possible approach to enhancing the resistance to plant disease, a dna fragment coding for hcap18/ll-37 was fused at the c-terminal end of the leader sequence of endopolygalacturonase-inhibiting protein under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter region. the construct was then introduced into brassica rapa. ll-37 expression was confirmed in transg ...201122308171
antiviral activity of tenofovir against cauliflower mosaic virus and its metabolism in brassica pekinensis plants.the antiviral effect of the acyclic nucleoside phosphonate tenofovir (r)-pmpa on double-stranded dna cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) in brassica pekinensis plants grown in vitro on liquid medium was evaluated. double antibody sandwich elisa and pcr were used for relative quantification of viral protein and detecting nucleic acid in plants. (r)-pmpa at concentrations of 25 and 50 mg/l significantly reduced camv titers in plants within 6-9 weeks to levels detectable neither by elisa nor by pcr. vi ...201121889541
[different sensitivity of 23 common crop species to cadmium toxicity].cadmium toxicity to 23 kinds of commonly cultivated crops of 9 families was studied by solution culture with different cadmium concentrations. most of the studied crop seedlings showed cadmium toxicity symptoms with 0.1-0.25 mg x l(-1). the toxic effects of cadmium on the crops were quite different. the effect of cd on shoot biomass was more obvious and stable than the other parameters at low cd concentrations (0.1-0.5 mg x l(-1)), therefore, shoot fresh weight was selected to be the indicator o ...201121404699
the genome of the mesopolyploid crop species brassica rapa.we report the annotation and analysis of the draft genome sequence of brassica rapa accession chiifu-401-42, a chinese cabbage. we modeled 41,174 protein coding genes in the b. rapa genome, which has undergone genome triplication. we used arabidopsis thaliana as an outgroup for investigating the consequences of genome triplication, such as structural and functional evolution. the extent of gene loss (fractionation) among triplicated genome segments varies, with one of the three copies consistent ...201121873998
genetic architecture of the circadian clock and flowering time in brassica rapa.the circadian clock serves to coordinate physiology and behavior with the diurnal cycles derived from the daily rotation of the earth. in plants, circadian rhythms contribute to growth and yield and, hence, to both agricultural productivity and evolutionary fitness. arabidopsis thaliana has served as a tractable model species in which to dissect clock mechanism and function, but it now becomes important to define the extent to which the arabidopsis model can be extrapolated to other species, inc ...201121505830
isolation of fertility-related genes of multiple-allele-inherited male sterility in brassica rapa ssp pekinensis by cdna-aflp.to better understand the molecular mechanisms of multiple-allele-inherited male sterility in chinese cabbage (brassica rapa ssp pekinensis), differentially expressed genes in fertile and sterile plants must be isolated. we used cdna-aflp analysis to isolate differentially expressed genes in fertile and sterile buds of the two-type line, ab01. sixteen high-quality sequences were generated, 11 of which were up-regulated in fertile buds, and five of which were up-regulated in sterile buds. based on ...201122180076
identification of conserved micrornas and their targets in chinese cabbage (brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis).the micrornas (mirnas) are a new class of small nonprotein-coding rnas that have been identified to regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level by targeting mrnas for degradation or by inhibiting protein translation. until now, thousands of mirnas have been identified in many plants species. however, only 23 mirnas have been reported from the microrna database in chinese cabbage (brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis), one of the most widely cultivated vegetables in china and east asia. ...201122111519
development of full-length cdnas from chinese cabbage (brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis) and identification of marker genes for defence response.arabidopsis belongs to the brassicaceae family and plays an important role as a model plant for which researchers have developed fine-tuned genome resources. genome sequencing projects have been initiated for other members of the brassicaceae family. among these projects, research on chinese cabbage (brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis) started early because of strong interest in this species. here, we report the development of a library of chinese cabbage full-length cdna clones, the riken brc b. r ...201121745830
a novel class of heat-responsive small rnas derived from the chloroplast genome of chinese cabbage (brassica rapa).non-coding small rnas play critical roles in various cellular processes in a wide spectrum of eukaryotic organisms. their responses to abiotic stress have become a popular topic of economic and scientific importance in biological research. several studies in recent years have reported a small number of non-coding small rnas that map to chloroplast genomes. however, it remains uncertain whether small rnas are generated from chloroplast genome and how they respond to environmental stress, such as ...201121639890
a sequence-based genetic linkage map as a reference for brassica rapa pseudochromosome assembly.brassica rapa is an economically important crop and a model plant for studies concerning polyploidization and the evolution of extreme morphology. the multinational b. rapa genome sequencing project (brgsp) was launched in 2003. in 2008, next generation sequencing technology was used to sequence the b. rapa genome. several maps concerning b. rapa pseudochromosome assembly have been published but their coverage of the genome is incomplete, anchoring approximately 73.6% of the scaffolds on to chro ...201121569561
construction of random sheared fosmid library from chinese cabbage and its use for brassica rapa genome sequencing project.as a part of the multinational genome sequencing project of brassica rapa, linkage group r9 and r3 were sequenced using a bacterial artificial chromosome (bac) by bac strategy. the current physical contigs are expected to cover approximately 90% euchromatins of both chromosomes. as the project progresses, bac selection for sequence extension becomes more limited because bac libraries are restriction enzyme-specific. to support the project, a random sheared fosmid library was constructed. the lib ...201121338952
a polygalacturonase inhibitory protein gene (bcmf19) expressed during pollen development in chinese cabbage-pak-choi.the level of polygalacturonase inhibitory protein (pgip) genes involved in pollen development remains unclear. characterization of the different pgip genes that are expressed in pollen is necessary in understanding the similarities and differences of functions between the members of this gene family, as well as the underlying mechanism of pollen development. a gene-encoding putative pgip, bcmf19 was successfully cloned on a cdna-amplified fragment length polymorphism fragment after it was found ...201120373034
growth promotion of chinese cabbage and arabidopsis by piriformospora indica is not stimulated by mycelium-synthesized auxin.piriformospora indica, an endophytic fungus of the order sebacinales, interacts with the roots of a large variety of plant species. we compared the interaction of this fungus with chinese cabbage (brassica campestris subsp. chinensis) and arabidopsis seedlings. the development of shoots and roots of chinese cabbage seedlings was strongly promoted by p. indica and the fresh weight of the seedlings increased approximately twofold. the strong stimulation of root hair development resulted in a bushy ...201121375386
bcmf20, a putative pollen-specific transcription factor from brassica campestris ssp. chinensis.the arabidopsis transcription factor (at1g26610) was shown to be down-regulated in male sterile lines compared to their maintainer line in chinese cabbage (brassica campestris ssp. chinensis) in our previous study. the bcmf20 gene, homologue of the at1g26610 gene was isolated from chinese cabbage. it encodes a putative c2h2 zinc finger protein. the spatial and temporal expression patterns examined by qrt-pcr and in situ hybridization, indicated bcmf20 is specifically expressed in the developing ...201121327825
isolation and characterization of a novel bcmf14 gene from brassica campestris ssp. chinensis.a putative ralf (rapid alkalinization factor)-like gene (genbank accession number ef523517), named bcmf14, was isolated from chinese cabbage (brassica campestris l. ssp. chinensis makino, syn. b. rapa ssp. chinensis) by rapid amplification of cdna ends (race) based on a cdna-aflp differential fragment exclusively expressed in fertile line. semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) discovered that bcmf14 was prominently expressed in stage four and five flower buds ...201120857218
an analytical method for prohexadione in chinese cabbage and apple.a residual determination method as a regulatory residue method was developed using hplc-uvd for prohexadione residues in chinese cabbage (brassica pekinensis) and apple (malus domestica). the developed method consisted of solid-liquid extraction with acidic acetonitrile and ion-suppression liquid-liquid partitioning, followed by anion exchange cartridge cleanup. the limits of detection and quantitation for the method were 0.005 and 0.02 mg/kg, respectively. the method gave good linearity in the ...201120586105
multi-residue analysis of pesticides in tea by online sec-gc/ms.a multi-residue method for the analysis of pesticides in tea was developed by online size exclusion chromatography (sec)-gc/ms with full scan mode. the sample was fortified with chlorpyrifos-d(10) isotope internal standard and extracted by acetonitrile. after purification by primary secondary amine sorbent and solvent exchange by sec mobile phase, the sample was detected by online sec-gc/ms. the purification result of the online system was evaluated by comparing the correlation between chinese c ...201121246727
comparison of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon uptake pathways and risk assessment of vegetables from waste-water irrigated areas in northern china.atmospheric deposition is the dominant pathway for pah uptake by vegetables grown in peri-urban areas. different polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (pah) uptake pathways and the associated health risk were investigated in vegetable samples collected from the beijing-tianjin city cluster, china, where irrigation with waste or reclaimed water has been practised for many decades. sampling comprised 23 diverse sites and the roots and shoots of six types of vegetables. among the different edible vegetab ...201121161083
the integrated web service and genome database for agricultural plants with biotechnology information.the national agricultural biotechnology information center (nabic) constructed an agricultural biology-based infrastructure and developed a web based relational database for agricultural plants with biotechnology information. the nabic has concentrated on functional genomics of major agricultural plants, building an integrated biotechnology database for agro-biotech information that focuses on genomics of major agricultural resources. this genome database provides annotated genome information fr ...201121887015
evaluation of cadmium phytoremediation potential in chinese cabbage cultivars.selecting a phytoextraction plant with moderate to high cd-accumulating ability and high biomass based on the plant's compatibility with mechanized cultivation techniques may yield more immediately practical results. in the present study, six chinese cabbage cultivars were grown in three soils, ranging from 0.15 to 2.25 mg cd kg(-1) soil, to examine uptake and translocation of cd in their tissues. the results indicated that the order of the shoot cd concentration values in the cultivars was as f ...201121739993
the 1-cys peroxiredoxin, a regulator of seed dormancy, functions as a molecular chaperone under oxidative stress conditions.peroxiredoxins are antioxidative enzymes that catalyze the reduction of alkyl hydroperoxides to alcohols and hydrogen peroxide to water. 1-cys peroxiredoxins (1-cys prxs) perform important roles during late seed development in plants. to characterize their biochemical functions in plants, a 1cys-prx gene was cloned from a chinese cabbage cdna library and designated as "c1c-prx". glutamine synthetase (gs) protection and hydrogen peroxide reduction assays indicated that c1c-prx was functionally ac ...201121683876
probabilistic acute dietary exposure assessment of the chinese population to cypermethrin residues.a probabilistic estimation of dietary exposure to cypermethrin residues for the chinese population was performed. cypermethrin residue data were obtained from the national food contamination monitoring program for 2001-2006, encompassing 14,096 samples from 36 commodities with a detection rate of 10.4%. food consumption data were gathered from the national nutrition and health survey conducted in 2002, comprising 65,915 consumers aged 2-100 years and 3701 children of 2-6 years old. the whole cou ...201121598132
[mitigation of nitrous oxide emissions in vegetable system by treating soil with dicyandiamide, a nitrification inhibitor].undisturbed soil monolith lysimeter was used to investigate the effectiveness of dcd (dicyandiamide) in reducing n2o emissions in vegetable (chinese cabbage and pepper) field. results showed that dcd significantly reduced total n2o emission in vegetable field. total n2o emissions from the urea treatment without dcd reached 0.215 kg x hm(-2) for chinese cabbage, and it reduced to 0.109 kg x hm(-2), equivalent to a 49.3% reduction. the total n2o emissions for pepper were much higher compared with ...201122295611
the phosphorylation of lipid transfer protein cambp10.calmodulin-binding protein-10 (cambp10) was isolated previously from chinese cabbage and identified as a member of the lipid transfer protein family. in this study, we found that cambp10 was phosphorylated in a calcium(ca(2+))-dependent manner, and the phosphorylation was inhibited by calmodulin (cam) antagonists. in-gel kinase assay revealed that the phosphorylation of cambp10 was catalyzed by a 45 kda protein kinase, which underwent autophosphorylation in the presence of ca(2+). immunoblotting ...201120858199
simultaneous determination of three acidic herbicide residues in food crops using hplc and confirmation via lc-ms/ms.2,4-d, dicamba and 4-cpa with auxin-like activity have been intensively used in agriculture, for the control of unwanted broadleaf weeds. an analytical method involving hplc coupled with uvd was developed for the simultaneous analysis of these three analytes in chinese cabbage, apple and pepper fruits (representative non-fatty samples) and brown rice and soybean (representative fatty samples) using liquid-liquid partitioning and column cleanup procedures. the residues were confirmed via tandem m ...201120842699
development of an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and an immunochromatographic assay for detection of organophosphorus pesticides in different agricultural products.organophosphorus (op) pesticides are considered hazardous substances because of their high toxicity to nontarget species and their persistence in the environment and agricultural products. therefore, it is important to develop a rapid, sensitive, and economical method for detecting op pesticides and their residues in food and the environment.201223300869
occurrence of stiretrus decastigmus (herrich-schaeffer) (hemiptera: pentatomidae) preying on microtheca semilaevis stal (coleoptera: chrysomelidae).microtheca semilaevis stal is a phythophagous insect associated to brassicaceae, and frequently occurs with other species of beetles, such as microtheca ochroloma stal. despite its importance to organic farmers, there is no information in the brazilian literature about its natural enemies. stiretrus decastigmus (herrich-schaeffer) was first found and here reported preying an adult of m. semilaevis in chinese cabbage in santa maria, rs, brazil (29°43'28″s, 53°43'19″w).201223950015
bacterial community analysis during fermentation of ten representative kinds of kimchi with barcoded pyrosequencing.kimchi, a food made of fermented vegetables, is densely populated by indigenous microorganisms that originate from the raw ingredients under normal conditions. most microbiological studies on kimchi have been on the most popular dish, baechu-kimchi (chinese cabbage kimchi). therefore, relatively little is known about the various other kinds of kimchi (depending on the region, season, main ingredient, starter culture inoculation and recipe). in this study, we collected 100 samples periodically du ...201222265301
molecular and functional properties of three different peroxiredoxin isotypes in chinese cabbage.peroxiredoxins (prxs), which are classified into three isotypes in plants, play important roles in protection systems as peroxidases or molecular chaperones. the three prx isotypes of chinese cabbage, namely c1c-prx, c2c-prx, and c-prxii, have recently been identified and characterized. the present study compares their molecular properties and biochemical functions to gain insights into their concerted roles in plants. the three prx isotype genes were differentially expressed in tissue- and deve ...201222228209
evaluation of struvite obtained from semiconductor wastewater as a fertilizer in cultivating chinese cabbage.the present work evaluated the fertilizing value of struvite deposit recovered from semiconductor wastewater in cultivating chinese cabbage. the fertilizing effect of struvite deposit was compared with that of commercial fertilizers: complex, organic and compost. laboratory pot test results clearly showed that the growth of chinese cabbage was better promoted when the struvite deposit was used than with organic and compost fertilizers even though complex fertilizer was the most effective in grow ...201222572561
agricultural potential of anaerobically digested industrial orange waste with and without aerobic post-treatment.the potential of anaerobically digested orange waste with (aad) and without (ad) aerobic post-treatment for use in agriculture was evaluated through chemical analyses, short-term phytotoxicity and long-term plant assays. chemical analyses showed that ad contained ammonia and organic acids, and aerobic post-treatment did not significantly remove these phytotoxins. the n:p2o5:k2o ratio in ad was 1:0.26:0.96 and aerobic post-treatment did not change the composition in aad except for k2o (1:0.26:1.2 ...201222519091
immobilizer-assisted management of metal-contaminated agricultural soils for safer food production.production of food crops on metal contaminated agricultural soils is of concern because consumers are potentially exposed to hazardous metals via dietary intake of such crops or crop derived products. therefore, the current study was conducted to develop management protocols for crop cultivation to allow safer food production. metal uptake, as influenced by ph change-induced immobilizing agents (dolomite, steel slag, and agricultural lime) and sorption agents (zeolite and compost), was monitored ...201222446136
the growth, photosynthesis and antioxidant defense responses of five vegetable crops to phenanthrene stress.polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) are global environmental problem. to better understand the growth and physiological responses to atmospheric pahs, we investigated biomass, photosynthetic machinery and antioxidant system in pakchoi, cucumber, flowering chinese cabbage, tomato and lettuce under various levels of phenanthrene (phe) stress. foliar exposure to phe for 14d resulted in a dose dependent decrease in growth, photosynthesis and chlorophyll contents. with few exceptions, antioxidant ...201222401953
study of matrix-induced effects in multi-residue determination of pesticides by online gel permeation chromatography-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry.multi-residue determination of pesticides in a complex matrix by online gel permeation chromatography-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (gpc-gc/ms) is increasingly concerned for its high throughput, efficiency and accuracy. study of matrix-induced suppression or enhancement of the instrument signals is important for the application of this technique.201222396034
transcriptome analysis of rosette and folding leaves in chinese cabbage using high-throughput rna sequencing.in this study, we report the first use of rna-sequencing to gain insight into the wide range of transcriptional events that are associated with leafy head development in chinese cabbage. we generated 53.5 million sequence reads (90 bp in length) from the rosette and heading leaves. the sequence reads were aligned to the recently sequenced chiifu genome and were analyzed to measure the gene expression levels, to detect alternative splicing events and novel transcripts, to determine the expression ...201222387604
[equation of the helix for separating plants in a spiral-radial cultivator].highly effective and compact cultivators must pullapart plants during vegetation in order to save light energy and area under crops. cultivators ensuring a helical method for pulling plants apart are already available. the present paper suggests the criteria of the efficiency of using the area under crops of the cultivator and deformation of the leaf crown of plants (sigma- and delta-spectra). with respect to these values the main task of calculating the helix has been formulated. having chinese ...2012234550
[degradation and bioaccumulation characteristics of ciprofloxacin in soil-vegetable system].a pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of applying ciprofloxacin (cip) on the growth of flowering chinese cabbage (brassica campestris), radish (raphanus sativus), tomato (solanum lycopersicum) and long bean (vigna unguiculata), the bioaccumation of cip in the vegetables, and the degradation of the antibiotics in soil. the results showed that applying 5, 30 and 75 mg x kg(-1) of cip had no significant effects on the plant biomass of flowering chinese cabbage, tomato and long b ...201223359930
production and characterization of a somatic hybrid of chinese cabbage and cabbage.in order to broaden chinese cabbage gene pool, we conducted interspecific somatic hybridization between chinese cabbage (brassica campestris, 2n=20, aa) and cabbage (b. oleracea, 2n=18, cc). protoplasts were isolated from 10-day-old cotyledons and hypocotyls of young seedlings, and fused by 40% polyethylene glycol (peg). fused cells were cultured in modified k8p liquid medium supplemented with some plant growth regulators. fusion products were characterized by their morphological, cytological an ...201223289310
the pollen wall and tapetum are altered in the cytoplasmic male sterile line rc₇ of chinese cabbage (brassica campestris ssp pekinensis).cytoplasmic male sterile line rc(7) of chinese cabbage produces mature anthers without pollen. to understand the mechanisms involved, we examined the ultrastructural changes during development of the microspores. development of microspores was not affected at the early tetrad stage. during the ring-vacuolated period, some large vacuoles appeared in the tapetum cells, making them larger, extending to the anther sac center during the monocyte period. at the same time, the tapetum degenerated as th ...201223079967
uptake of human pharmaceuticals and personal care products by cabbage (brassica campestris) from fortified and biosolids-amended soils.human pharmaceuticals and personal care products (ppcps) are routinely found in biosolids from wastewater treatment plants (wwtps). once land applied, the ppcps in biosolids are potentially available for plant uptake and bioaccumulation. this study used a greenhouse model to investigate uptake of ppcps commonly detected in biosolids by the agricultural plant chinese cabbage (brassica campestris). two series of greenhouse experiments were conducted as part of this project. in the first set of exp ...201223051741
[a novel method for extracting leaf-level solar-induced fluorescence of typical crops under cu stress].the leaf-level solar-induced fluorescence changes when the typical crops are under cu stress, which can be considered as a sensitive indicator to estimate the stress level. in the present study, wheat (triticum aestivum l.), pea (pisum sativum l.) and chinese cabbage (brassica campestris l.) were selected and cultured with copper solutions or copper polluted soil with different cu stress. the apparent reflectance of leaves was measured by an asd fieldspec spectrometer and an integrating sphere. ...201222827073
an online database for genome information of agricultural plants.the integration-based genome database provides useful information through a user-friendly web interface that allows analysis of comparative genome for agricultural plants. we have concentrated on the functional bioinformatics of major agricultural resources, such as rice, chinese cabbage, rice mutant lines, and microorganisms. the major functions are focused on functional genome analysis, including genome projects, gene expression analysis, gene markers with genetic map, analysis tools for compa ...201223275706
[plant traits and quality evaluation of different cultivation forms of isatis].to lay a foundation for the study on good variety selection of isatis indigotica, comparison of plant traits and quality evaluation of isatis germplasm resources from different production area was conducted.201223234133
[rapid determination of pesticide multiresidues in vegetables and fruits by accelerated solvent extraction coupled with online gel permeation chromatography-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry].a novel method was developed for the rapid determination of 22 representative pesticide residues in vegetables and fruits based on accelerated solvent extraction (ase) coupled with online gel permeation chromatography-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (gpc-gc-ms). the sample was extracted by accelerated solvent extraction with dichloromethane-acetone (1:1, v/v) and purified with a carbon/nh2 column, evaporated to dryness by nitrogen, then dissolved in cyclohexane-acetone (7:3, v/v), and final ...201223189658
influence of pericarp, cotyledon and inhibitory substances on sharp tooth oak (quercus aliena var. acuteserrata) germination.in order to explore the mechanism of delayed and uneven germination in sharp tooth oak (quercus aliena var. acuteserrata) (sto), mechanical scarification techniques were used to study sto root and shoot germination and growth. the techniques used were: removing cup scar (rs), removing the pericarp (rp), and cutting off 1/2 (hc) and 2/3 (tc) cotyledons. germination percentage and root and shoot length for chinese cabbage (beassica pekinensis) seeds (ccs) were also investigated for ccs cultivated ...201223133517
batch anaerobic co-digestion of kimchi factory waste silage and swine manure under mesophilic conditions.the objective of this study was to investigate the feasibility of anaerobic co-digestion of kimchi factory waste silage (kfws) with swine manure (sm). chinese cabbage (cc) is the major waste generated by a kimchi factory and kfws was prepared by mixing cc and rice bran (rb) (70:30 on a dry matter basis). in experiment i, the biogas potential of cc and rb were measured and, in experiment ii, the test was conducted with different ratios of kfws and sm (kfws: sm=0:100; 33:67; 67:33; 100:0 by% volat ...201223021949
educational attainment and differences in fruit and vegetable consumption among middle-aged adults in the korean national health and nutrition examination survey iv.we investigated whether socioeconomic differences affect fruit and vegetable (fv) consumption with respect to total intake and intake of various fv subgroups. our study included 6667 adults aged 40-64 years who completed a dietary survey in the fourth korean nhanes (2007-2009). fv intake was estimated from 24-hour recalls and food frequency questionnaires. differences in fv consumption related to educational attainment were analyzed according to different nutritional categories of fv. both men a ...201222808352
in vitro suppression of growth of murine wehi-3 leukemia cells and in vivo promotion of phagocytosis in a leukemia mice model by indole-3-carbinol.indole-3-carbinol (i3c), a potential anticancer substance, can be found in cruciferous (cabbage family) vegetables, mainly cauliflower and chinese cabbage. however, the bioactivity of i3c on the apoptotic effects of murine leukemia wehi-3 cells and promotion of immune responses in leukemia mice model are unclear. in this study, we investigated the effect of i3c on cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis in vitro and immunomodulation in vivo. i3c decreased the viable wehi-3 cells and caused morphological ...201222775144
differences in the activity and concentration of elements of the antioxidant system in different layers of brassica pekinensis head.differences in the activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase (cat) and ascorbate peroxidase (apx) as well as in the concentration of ascorbate, tocopherol and hydrogen peroxide (h₂o₂) were found in leaves from different layers of the chinese cabbage (brassica pekinensis (lour.) rupr.) head. the youngest chlorophyll-deficient leaves from the most inner layers of the cabbage head were characterized by a high concentration of ascorbate, high activity of iron superoxide dismutase (fesod), cooper/zi ...201222762792
microtubule and male sterility in a gene-cytoplasmic male sterile line of non-heading chinese cabbage.microtubules are the basic components of the cytoskeleton in eukaryotic cells and are made up of 13 parallel protofilaments, each composed of α- and β-tubulin unit molecules aligned along the longitudinal axis of the microtubule.201222581783
permissible value for vanadium in allitic udic ferrisols based on physiological responses of green chinese cabbage and soil microbes.greenhouse experiments were conducted to study the permissible value of vanadium (v) based on the growth and physiological responses of green chinese cabbage (brassica chinensis l.), and effects of v on microbial biomass carbon (mbc) and enzyme activities in allitic udic ferrisols were also studied. the results showed that biomass of cabbage grown on soil treated with 133 mg v kg(-1) significantly decreased by 25.1% compared with the control (p < 0.05). vanadium concentrations in leaves and root ...201221898106
rhizonin a from burkholderia sp. kctc11096 and its growth promoting role in lettuce seed germination.we isolated and identified a gibberellin-producing burkholderia sp. kctc 11096 from agricultural field soils. the culture filtrate of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (pgpr) significantly increased the germination and growth of lettuce and chinese cabbage seeds. the ethyl acetate extract of the pgpr culture showed significantly higher rate of lettuce seed germination and growth as compared to the distilled water treated control. the ethyl acetate fraction of the burkholderia sp. was subjecte ...201222759911
determining the geographical origin of chinese cabbages using multielement composition and strontium isotope ratio analyses.recently, the korean market has seen many cases of chinese cabbage (brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis) that have been imported from china, yet are sold as a korean product to illegally benefit from the price difference between the two products. this study aims to establish a method of distinguishing the geographical origin of chinese cabbage. one hundred chinese cabbage heads from korea and 60 cabbage heads from china were subjected to multielement composition and strontium isotope ratio ((87)sr/(86 ...201222980856
biotoxicity assessment of pyrene in soil using a battery of biological assays.a test battery, composed of a range of biological assays, was applied to evaluate the ecological health of soil aged for 69 days and spiked with a range of pyrene levels (1.04, 8.99, 41.5, 72.6, 136, and 399 μg g(-1) dry soil; soxhlet-extracted concentrations after 69 days of aging). chinese cabbage (brassica rapa), earthworm (eisenia fetida), and bacteria (vibrio fischeri) were used as test organisms to represent different trophic levels. among the acute ecotoxicity bioassays used, the v. fisch ...201222941450
isolation and expression of glucosinolate synthesis genes cyp83a1 and cyp83b1 in pak choi (brassica rapa l. ssp. chinensis var. communis (n. tsen & s.h. lee) hanelt).cyp83a1 and cyp83b1 are two key synthesis genes in the glucosinolate biosynthesis pathway. cyp83a1 mainly metabolizes the aliphatic oximes to form aliphatic glucosinolate and cyp83b1 mostly catalyzes aromatic oximes to synthesis corresponding substrates for aromatic and indolic glucosinolates. in this study, two cyp83a1 genes named bccyp83a1-1 (jq289997), bccyp83a1-2 (jq289996) respectively and one cyp83b1 (bccyp83b1, hm347235) gene were cloned from the leaves of pak choi (brassica rapa l. ssp. ...201222754334
high-throughput sequencing discovery of conserved and novel micrornas in chinese cabbage (brassica rapa l. ssp. pekinensis).micrornas (mirnas) are a class of 21-24 nucleotide non-coding rnas that down-regulate gene expression by cleaving or inhibiting the translation of target gene transcripts. mirnas have been extensively analyzed in a few model plant species such as arabidopsis, rice and populus, and partially investigated in other non-model plant species. however, only a few conserved mirnas have been identified in chinese cabbage, a common and economically important crop in asia. to identify novel and conserved m ...201222643909
cdna-aflp analysis on bolting or flowering of flowering chinese cabbage and molecular characteristics of brcudfr-like/brcuaxs gene.the molecular basis of flower bud differentiation in flowering chinese cabbage (brassica rapa l. ssp. chinensis var. utilis tsen et lee) was studied in this work. samples were taken from two varieties, the early-blooming "youqin 49" and the late-blooming "youqingtiancaixin 80", at five different developmental stages and studied via cdna-aflp. nineteen expression sequence tags (ests) associated with bolting or flowering were isolated and cloned. blast results indicated that 15 ests were involved ...201222331487
analysis of carotenoid accumulation and expression of carotenoid biosynthesis genes in different organs of chinese cabbage (brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis).the relationship between carotenoid accumulation and expression of carotenoid biosynthesis genes was investigated in the flowers, stems, young leaves, old leaves, and roots of chinese cabbage (brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis). quantitative real-time pcr analysis showed that the mrna levels of brpsy, brpds, brzds, brlcyb, brlcye, brchxb, and brzep leading to the production of carotenoids were highest in the flowers or the leaves and lowest in the roots of chinese cabbage. in contrast, the mrna ex ...201227540344
effects of phosphorus amendments and plant growth on the mobility of pb, cu, and zn in a multi-metal-contaminated soil.phosphorus amendments have been widely and successfully used in immobilization of one single metal (e.g., pb) in contaminated soils. however, application of p amendments in the immobilization of multiple metals and particularly investigations about the effects of planting on the stability of the initially p-induced immobilized metals in the contaminated soils are far limited.201222161145
bcnrt1, a plasma membrane-localized nitrate transporter from non-heading chinese cabbage.a nitrate transporter, bcnrt1, was isolated from non-heading chinese cabbage (brassica campestris ssp. chinensis makino) cultivar 'suzhouqing'. the full-length cdna was obtained using the rapid amplification of cdna ends technique and contains an open reading frame of 1,770 bp that predicts a protein of 589 acid residues that possesses 12 putative transmembrane domains. using the gus marker gene driven by the bcnrt1 promoter, we found bcnrt1 expression to be concentrated in primary and lateral r ...201222539185
[epigenetics of plant vernalization regulated by non-coding rnas].many higher plants must experience a period of winter cold to accomplish the transition from vegetative to reproductive growth. this biological process is called vernalization. some crops such as wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and oilseed rape (brassica napus l.) produce seeds as edible organs, and therefore special measures of rotation and cultivation are necessary for plants to go through an early vernalization for flower differentiation and development, whereas the other crops such as chinese c ...201222805208
enantioselective behavior of malathion enantiomers in toxicity to beneficial organisms and their dissipation in vegetables and crops.the dissipation behavior of the two enantiomers of malathion was elucidated in five plant species using enantioselective high performance liquid chromatography (hplc), and the acute toxicity of the individual enantiomers toward earthworms and honeybees was studied. the calculated lc(50) values of the r-, s- and rac-malathion to earthworms were 0.3869, 25.17, and 19.19 μg/cm(2), respectively, while the calculated lc(50) values of r-, s- and rac-malathion to bees were 2.15, 36.67, and 7.11 μg/ml, ...201222964386
genome-wide identification, classification and expression analysis of genes encoding putative fasciclin-like arabinogalactan proteins in chinese cabbage (brassica rapa l.).fasciclin-like arabinogalactan proteins (flas), a subclass of arabinogalactan proteins (agps), have both predicted agp-like glycosylated regions and putative fasciclin (fas) domains, which may function in cell adhesion and communication. previous studies have identified 21, 27, and 34 flas in arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana), rice (oryza sativa), and wheat (triticum aestivum), respectively. in this study, we identified 33 flas in the annotated genome of chinese cabbage (brassica rapa ssp. peki ...201223053954
identification of conserved and novel micrornas that are responsive to heat stress in brassica rapa.the species brassica rapa includes various vegetable crops. production of these vegetable crops is usually impaired by heat stress. some micrornas (mirnas) in arabidopsis have been considered to mediate gene silencing in plant response to abiotic stress. however, it remains unknown whether or what mirnas play a role in heat resistance of b. rapa. to identify genomewide conserved and novel mirnas that are responsive to heat stress in b. rapa, we defined temperature thresholds of non-heading chine ...201222025521
development and bioassay of transgenic chinese cabbage expressing potato proteinase inhibitor ii gene.lepidopteran larvae are the most injurious pests of chinese cabbage production. we attempted the development of transgenic chinese cabbage expressing the potato proteinase inhibitor ii gene (pinii) and bioassayed the pest-repelling ability of these transgenic plants. cotyledons with petioles from aseptic seedlings were used as explants for agrobacterium-mediated in vitro transformation. agrobacterium tumefaciens c58 contained the binary vector pbbbasta-pinii-bar comprising pinii and bar genes. p ...201223136521
production and characterization of a single-chain variable fragment linked alkaline phosphatase fusion protein for detection of o,o-diethyl organophosphorus pesticides in a one-step enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.a single-chain variable fragment (scfv) linked alkaline phosphatase (ap) fusion protein for detection of o,o-diethyl organophosphorus pesticides (o,o-diethyl ops) was produced and characterized. the scfv gene was prepared by cloning v(l) and v(h) genes from hybridoma cells secreting monoclonal antibody with broad specificity for o,o-diethyl ops. the amplified v(l) and v(h) regions were assembled using a linker (gly(4)ser)(3) by means of splicing overlap extension polymerase chain reaction to obt ...201222533788
the role of a dark septate endophytic fungus, veronaeopsis simplex y34, in fusarium disease suppression in chinese cabbage.the soil-inhabiting fungal pathogen fusarium oxysporum has been an increasing threat to chinese cabbage (brassica campestris l.). a dark septate endophytic fungus, veronaeopsis simplex y34, isolated from yaku island, japan, was evaluated in vitro for the ability to suppress fusarium disease. seedlings grown in the presence of the endophyte showed a 71% reduction in fusarium wilt disease and still had good growth. the disease control was achieved through a synergetic effect involving a mechanical ...201222923110
molecular characterization of stress resistance-related chitinase genes of brassica rapa.brassica is an important vegetable group worldwide that is impacted by biotic and abiotic stresses. molecular biology techniques offer the most efficient approach to address these concerns. inducible plant defense responses include the production of pathogenesis-related (pr) proteins, and chitinases are very important pr proteins. we collected 30 chitinase like genes, three from our full-length cdna library of brassica rapa cv. osome and 27 from brassica databases. sequence analysis and comparis ...201222796900
identificaiton of a clubroot resistance locus conferring resistance to a plasmodiophora brassicae classified into pathotype group 3 in chinese cabbage (brassica rapa l.).in chinese cabbage (brassica rapa), the clubroot resistance (cr) genes crr1 and crr2 are effective against the mild plasmodiophora brassicae isolate ano-01 and the more virulent isolate wakayama-01, but not against isolate no. 14, classified into pathotype group 3. 'akiriso', a clubroot-resistant f(1) cultivar, showed resistance to isolate no. 14. to increase the durability of resistance, we attempted to identify the cr locus in 'akiriso'. cr in 'akiriso' segregated as a single dominant gene and ...201223226089
molecular characterization of the cra gene conferring clubroot resistance in brassica rapa.clubroot disease is one of the major diseases affecting brassicaceae crops, and a number of these crops grown commercially, such as chinese cabbage (brassica rapa l. ssp. pekinensis), are known to be highly susceptible to clubroot disease. to provide protection from this disease, plant breeders have introduced genes for resistance to clubroot from the european turnip into susceptible lines. the cra gene confers specific resistance to the clubroot pathogen plasmodiophora brassicae isolate m85. fi ...201223054353
lactobacillus pentosus var. plantarum c29 protects scopolamine-induced memory deficit in mice.in the preliminary study, kimchi, a traditional food fermented with chinese cabbage, protected scopolamine-induced mouse memory deficit in passive avoidance test. therefore, we screened protective ingredients, particularly lactic acid bacteria, from chinese cabbage kimchi against scopolamine-induced memory deficit in mice.201222925033
over-expression of rice leucine-rich repeat protein results in activation of defense response, thereby enhancing resistance to bacterial soft rot in chinese cabbage.pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum causes soft rot disease in various plants, including chinese cabbage. the simple extracellular leucine-rich repeat (elrr) domain proteins have been implicated in disease resistance. rice leucine-rich repeat protein (oslrp), a rice simple elrr domain protein, is induced by pathogens, phytohormones, and salt. to see whether oslrp enhances disease resistance to bacterial soft rot, oslrp was introduced into chinese cabbage by agrobacterium-mediated trans ...201222717673
identification and characterization of stress resistance related genes of brassica rapa.two biotic stress resistance related genes from the full-length cdna library of brassica rapa cv. osome were identified from est analysis and determined to be pathogenesis-related (pr) 12 brassica defensin-like family protein (brdlfp) and pr-10 brassica betv1 allergen family protein (brbetv1afp) after sequence analysis and homology study with other stress resistance related same family genes. in the expression analysis, both genes expressed in different organs and during all developmental growth ...201222286206
glutathione reductase from brassica rapa affects tolerance and the redox state but not fermentation ability in response to oxidative stress in genetically modified saccharomyces cerevisiae.to determine whether the exogenous expression of glutathione reductase (gr) from brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis (brgr) can reduce the deleterious effects of unfavorable conditions, we constructed a transgenic saccharomyces cerevisiae strain bearing the gr gene cloned into the yeast expression vector, pvtu260. brgr expression was confirmed by semi reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) analysis, immunoblotting analysis and an enzyme assay. ectopic brgr-expression improved cellu ...201222806013
identification of chinese cabbage sentrin as a suppressor of bax-induced cell death in yeast.studies into the cell death program termed apoptosis have resulted in new information regarding how cells control and execute their own demise, including insights into the mechanism by which death-preventing factors can inhibit bax-induced caspase activation. we investigated high temperature stress-induced cell death in brassica rapa. using a yeast functional screening from a brassica rapa cdna library, the bh5-127 est clone encoding an apoptotic suppressor peptide was identified. however, a phy ...201222561852
genome sequence of pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum strain pcc21, a pathogen causing soft rot in chinese cabbage.pectobacterium carotovorum is a plant-pathogenic enterobacterium responsible for soft rot in various commercially important plants. here we report the complete genome sequence and automatic annotation of strain pcc21.201223105077
turnip yellow mosaic virus forms infectious particles without the native beta-annulus structure and flexible coat protein n-terminus.structural studies have implicated the tymv n-terminal amino acids of the coat protein (cp) in both static (virion stabilization) and dynamic (rna encapsidation and disencapsidation) roles. we have deleted residues 2-5, 2-10 and 2-26 from the n-terminus and expressed the mutant cps in e. coli to assess assembly in the absence of genomic rna and in plant infections to assess infectivity and virion properties. in e. coli, the deletion constructs formed virus-like particles, but in decreased yield. ...201222078163
Altered transfer of heavy metals from soil to Chinese cabbage with film mulching.The influence of film mulching on the migration of metals from soil to cabbage was investigated. Following a 50-day growth in field plots mulched or unmulched, root-zone soils and Chinese cabbage (Brassica chinensis L.) were sampled for metal analysis. Mulching slightly decreased the soil mobile (acid-extractable) Cd, but increased its transfer from root to the cabbage parts. As an essential element, Cu was readily transferred to the cabbage parts. While mulching decreased the soil mobile Zn, re ...201222036267
characterization of genes required for the pathogenicity of pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum pcc21 in chinese cabbage.pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum is a well-known plant pathogen that causes severe soft rot disease in various crops, resulting in considerable economic loss. to identify pathogenicity-related factors, chinese cabbage was inoculated with 5314 transposon mutants of p. carotovorum subsp. carotovorum pcc21 derived using tn5 transposon mutagenesis. a total of 35 reduced-virulence or avirulent mutants were isolated, and 14 loci were identified. the 14 loci could be functionally grouped i ...201323676432
identification of novel qtls for isolate-specific partial resistance to plasmodiophora brassicae in brassica rapa.plasmodiophora brassicae, the causal agent of clubroot disease of the brassica crops, is widespread in the world. quantitative trait loci (qtls) for partial resistance to 4 different isolates of p. brassicae (pb2, pb4, pb7, and pb10) were investigated using a bc1f1 population from a cross between two subspecies of brassica rapa, i.e. chinese cabbage inbred line c59-1 as a susceptible recurrent parent and turnip inbred line ecd04 as a resistant donor parent. the bc1f2 families were assessed for r ...201324376876
overexpression of a chinese cabbage brerf11 transcription factor enhances disease resistance to ralstonia solanacearum in tobacco.ethylene-responsive factors (erfs) play diverse roles in plant growth, developmental processes and stress responses. however, the roles and underlying mechanism of erfs remain poorly understood, especially in non-model plants. in this study, a full length cdna of erf gene was isolated from the cdna library of chinese cabbage. according to sequence alignment, we found a highly conservative ap2/erf domain, two nuclear localization signals, and an erf-associated amphiphilic repression (ear) motif i ...201323201563
mapping and candidate-gene screening of the novel turnip mosaic virus resistance gene retr02 in chinese cabbage (brassica rapa l.).the extreme resistance to turnip mosaic virus observed in the chinese cabbage (brassica rapa) line, bp8407, is monogenic and recessive. bulked segregant analysis was carried out to identify simple sequence repeat and indel markers linked to this recessive resistance gene, termed recessive turnip mosaic virus resistance 02 (retr02). mapping of pcr-specific indel markers on 239 individuals of a bp8407 × ji zao chun f(2) population, located this resistance gene to a 0.9-cm interval between two inde ...201322996569
feasibility study for detection of turnip yellow mosaic virus (tymv) infection of chinese cabbage plants using raman spectroscopy.raman spectroscopy provides many advantages compared to other common analytical techniques due to its ability of rapid and accurate identification of unknown specimens as well as simple sample preparation. here, we described potential of raman spectroscopic technique as an efficient and high throughput method to detect plants infected by economically important viruses. to enhance the detection sensitivity of raman measurement, surface enhanced raman scattering (sers) was employed. spectra of ext ...201325288935
hurdle enhancement of slightly acidic electrolyzed water antimicrobial efficacy on chinese cabbage, lettuce, sesame leaf and spinach using ultrasonication and water wash.slightly acidic electrolyzed water (saew) is well known as a good sanitizer against foodborne pathogens on fresh vegetables. however, microbial reductions from saew treatment are not enough to ensure produce safety. therefore, it is necessary to improve its antimicrobial efficiency by combining it with other appropriate approaches. this study examined the microbicidal activity of saew (ph 5.2-5.5, oxidation reduction potential 500-600 mv, available chlorine concentration 21-22 mg/l) on chinese c ...201323764218
biocontrol of pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum using bacteriophage pp1.pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum (formerly erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora) is a plant pathogen that causes soft rot and stem rot diseases in several crops, including chinese cabbage, potato, and tomato. to control this bacterium, we isolated a bacteriophage, pp1, with lytic activity against p. carotovorum subsp. carotovorum. transmission electron microscopy revealed that the pp1 phage belongs to the podoviridae family of the order caudovirales, which exhibit icosahedral heads ...201323727798
characterization and expression analysis of dirigent family genes related to stresses in brassica.the dirigent (dir) genes are playing a vital role in enhancing stress resistance in different crop plants. in this study, we collected 29 dir like genes, two from a brassica rapa cv. osome full length cdna library and 27 from the b. rapa database designated as b. rapa dirigent (brdir) like genes. sequence analysis and a comparison study of these genes confirmed that seven were dirigent and the remaining 22 were dirigent like genes. expression analysis revealed an organ specific expression of the ...201323562798
control of postharvest soft rot caused by erwinia carotovora of vegetables by a strain of bacillus amyloliquefaciens and its potential modes of action.erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora (ecc), the causal agent of bacterial soft rot, is one of the destructive pathogens of postharvest vegetables. in this study, a bacterial isolate (bgp20) from the vegetable farm soil showed strong antagonistic activity against ecc in vitro, and its twofold cell-free culture filtrate showed excellent biocontrol effect in controlling the postharvest bacterial soft rot of potatoes at 25 °c. the anti-ecc metabolites produced by the isolate bgp20 had a high resista ...201323117674
genome-wide identification, phylogeny, evolution and expression patterns of ap2/erf genes and cytokinin response factors in brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis.the ap2/erf transcription factor family is one of the largest families involved in growth and development, hormone responses, and biotic or abiotic stress responses in plants. in this study, 281 ap2/erf transcription factor unigenes were identified in chinese cabbage. these superfamily members were classified into three families (ap2, erf, and rav). the erf family was subdivided into the dreb subfamily and the erf subfamily with 13 groups (i- xi) based on sequence similarity. duplication, evolut ...201324386201
disarming the jasmonate-dependent plant defense makes nonhost arabidopsis plants accessible to the american serpentine leafminer.here, we analyzed the interaction between arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana) and the american serpentine leafminer (liriomyza trifolii), an important and intractable herbivore of many cultivated plants. we examined the role of the immunity-related plant hormone jasmonate (ja) in the plant response and resistance to leafminer feeding to determine whether ja affects host suitability for leafminers. the expression of marker genes for the ja-dependent plant defense was induced by leafminer feeding o ...201324022267
identification, expression, and comparative genomic analysis of the ipt and ckx gene families in chinese cabbage (brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis).cytokinins (cks) have significant roles in various aspects of plant growth and development, and they are also involved in plant stress adaptations. the fine-tuning of the controlled ck levels in individual tissues, cells, and organelles is properly maintained by isopentenyl transferases (ipts) and cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenases (ckxs). chinese cabbage is one of the most economically important vegetable crops worldwide. the whole genome sequencing of brassica rapa enables us to perform the geno ...201324001366
genome-wide analysis of the ap2/erf transcription factor superfamily in chinese cabbage (brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis).chinese cabbage (brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis) is a member of one of the most important leaf vegetables grown worldwide, which has experienced thousands of years in cultivation and artificial selection. the entire chinese cabbage genome sequence, and more than forty thousand proteins have been obtained to date. the genome has undergone triplication events since its divergence from arabidopsis thaliana (13 to 17 mya), however a high degree of sequence similarity and conserved genome structure re ...201323972083
ectopic expression of brayab1-702, a member of yabby gene family in chinese cabbage, causes leaf curling, inhibition of development of shoot apical meristem and flowering stage delaying in arabidopsis thaliana.yabby gene family plays an important role in the polarity development of lateral organs. we isolated the brayab1-702 gene, a member of the yabby gene family, from young leaves of chinese cabbage line 06j45. the full-length gene has a 937 bp cdna sequence and contains an open reading frame (orf) of 702 bp. the subcellular localization analysis showed that the expression product of the gene was localized in the nucleus. ectopic expression of brayab1-702 in arabidopsis thaliana caused leaf curling ...201323863694
quantification of alternaria brassicicola infection in the arabidopsis thaliana and brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis.black spot caused by alternaria brassicicola is an important fungal disease affecting cruciferous crops, including korean cabbage (brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis). the interaction between arabidopsis thaliana and alt. brassicicola is a representative model system, and objective estimation of disease progression is indispensable for accurate functional analyses. five strains caused black spot symptom progression on korean cabbage and ara. thaliana ecotype col-0. in particular, challenge with the ...201323842466
the putative phytocyanin genes in chinese cabbage (brassica rapa l.): genome-wide identification, classification and expression analysis.phytocyanins (pcs) are a plant-specific family of small copper-containing electron transfer proteins. pcs may bind with a single copper atom to function as electron transporters in various biological systems, such as copper trafficking and plant photosynthesis. evidence indicates that pcs may also be involved in plant developmental processes and stress responses. many pcs possess arabinogalactan protein-like regions and are therefore termed chimeric arabinogalactan proteins (cagps). previously, ...201323212439
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