Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| molecular beacon real-time pcr detection of swine viruses. | rapid and reliable detection of viral pathogens is critical for the management of the diseases threatening the economic competitiveness of the swine farming industry worldwide. molecular beacon assays are one type of real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) technology capable of fast, specific, sensitive, and reliable viral detection. in this paper, the development of molecular beacon assays as novel tools for the rapid detection of aujeszky's disease virus, african swine fever virus, porcine c ... | 2007 | 17196673 |
| protection of pigs against post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome by a recombinant adenovirus expressing the capsid protein of porcine circovirus type 2. | post-weaning multisystemic wating syndrome (pmws) associated with pcv2 was one of the most costly diseases currently faced by the swine industry. in order to develop a vaccine to control this disease, we previously constructed a recombinant adenovirus expressing the capsid of pcv2. here, we examined the protection of swine against pmws by the recombinant adenovirus. eighteen 32-day-old pigs were assigned to three groups each with six. group 1 was vaccinated subcutaneously with rad-cap and booste ... | 2007 | 17215092 |
| baculovirus expression of beak and feather disease virus (bfdv) capsid protein capable of self-assembly and haemagglutination. | beak and feather disease virus (bfdv) is a common avian circovirus infection of wild psittaciformes and is a recognised threat to endangered psittacine species. currently, there is a requirement to develop bfdv antigen for diagnostic purposes and since efforts to propagate bfdv in vitro have so far been unsuccessful the entire coding region of bfdv orf c1 was expressed in sf9 insect cells using a baculovirus expression system. the entire coding region of bfdv orf c1, the presumptive capsid, was ... | 2007 | 17218022 |
| detection of two porcine circovirus type 2 genotypic groups in united states swine herds. | in late 2005, sporadic cases of an acute onset disease of high mortality were observed in 10- to 16-week-old growing pigs among several swine herds of the united states. tissues from the affected pigs in kansas, iowa, and north carolina were examined, and porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) was detected consistently among these tissues. phylogenetically, pcv2 can be divided into two major genotypic groups, pcv2-group 1 and pcv2-group 2. whereas pcv2-group 1 isolates were detected in all the disease ... | 2007 | 17219018 |
| the levels of pcv2 specific antibodies and viremia in pigs. | porcine circovirus 2 quantification by real-time pcr and determination of virus specific antibodies using a peptide based elisa test was performed on a total of 400 serum samples. samples for antibody measurement and virus quantification were obtained from a conventional pig farm with a clinical form of post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome. samples were taken during the post-weaning period. seven litters of weaned piglets (6-25 weeks) were systematically sampled at 2-3 week intervals. por ... | 2007 | 17223145 |
| epidemiologic assessment of porcine circovirus type 2 coinfection with other pathogens in swine. | to identify important pathogens and characterize their serologic and pathologic effects in porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2)-infected pigs in relation to pig age and type of swine production system. | 2007 | 17223759 |
| immunogenicity of empty capsids of porcine circovius type 2 produced in insect cells. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2), a single-stranded dna virus, is associated with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws). orf2 protein (capsid) of pcv2 was recently demonstrated to be a major immunogenable to induce protection in pigs with a prime-boost protocol. in this study, the orf2 gene of pcv2 was expressed in insect cells. the product self-assembled into particles that were structurally and antigenically indistinguishable from regular pcv2 capsids. to evaluated the immunogenici ... | 2007 | 17225085 |
| solution structure, divalent metal and dna binding of the endonuclease domain from the replication initiation protein from porcine circovirus 2. | circoviruses are the smallest circular single-stranded dna viruses able to replicate in mammalian cells. essential to their replication is the replication initiator, or rep protein that initiates the rolling circle replication (rcr) of the viral genome. here we report the nmr solution three-dimensional structure of the endonuclease domain from the rep protein of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2), the causative agent of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome in swine. the domain comprises resi ... | 2007 | 17275023 |
| a stem-loop structure, sequence non-specific, at the origin of dna replication of porcine circovirus is essential for termination but not for initiation of rolling-circle dna replication. | a stem-loop structure, formed by a pair of inverted repeats during dna replication, is a conserved feature at the origin of dna replication among plant and animal viruses, bacteriophages and plasmids that replicate their genomes via the rolling-circle replication (rcr) mechanism. in this work, a head-to-tail tandem construct of porcine circovirus capable of generating unit-length genomic dna in escherichia coli was employed to examine the role of the stem-loop structure with respect to the rcr i ... | 2007 | 17306320 |
| the involvement of fas/fasl interaction in porcine circovirus type 2 and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus co-inoculation-associated lymphocyte apoptosis in vitro. | lymphoid depletion of various lymphoid organs is one of the major lesions in pigs suffering from postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws). the co-existence of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) in pmws-affected pigs along with the more severe and wider range of lymphocyte depletion of lymphoid organs in pcv2 and prrsv dually-inoculated pigs imply that pcv2 and prrsv may interact in the pathogenesis of pmws. the mechanism for ... | 2007 | 17321702 |
| detection of pcv2 dna by sybr green i-based quantitative pcr. | we developed an assay for the detection and quantitation of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) with the sybr green i-based real-time pcr. the real-time pcr provides a broad dynamic range, detecting from 10(3) to 10(11) copies of dna per reaction. no cross-reactions were found in specimens containing pcv1. because of the high sensitivity and specificity of the assay with a relatively rapid and simple procedure, real-time pcr can be used as a routine assay for the clinical diagnosis of pcv2 infectio ... | 2007 | 17323427 |
| structure-dependent modulation of alpha interferon production by porcine circovirus 2 oligodeoxyribonucleotide and cpg dnas in porcine peripheral blood mononuclear cells. | dna sequences containing cpg motifs are recognized as immunomodulators in several species. phosphodiester oligodeoxyribonucleotides (odns) representing sequences from the genome of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) have been identified as potent inducers (odn pcv2/5) or inhibitors (odn pcv2/1) of alpha interferon (ifn-alpha) production by porcine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (popbmcs) in vitro. in this study, the ifn-alpha-inducing or -inhibitory activities of specific phosphodiester odns w ... | 2007 | 17329341 |
| a survey on finishing pig mortality associated with porcine circovirus diseases in quebec. | 2007 | 17334026 | |
| functional analysis of cis- and trans-acting replication factors of porcine circovirus type 1. | the replication proteins rep and rep' of porcine circovirus type 1 (pcv1) are both capable of introducing and resealing strand discontinuities at the viral origin of dna replication in vitro underlying genome amplification by rolling-circle replication. the pcv1 origin of replication encompasses the minimal binding site (mbs) of the rep and rep' proteins and an inverted repeat with the potential to form a stem-loop. in this study, both elements of the pcv1 origin were demonstrated to be essentia ... | 2007 | 17360750 |
| molecular characterization of novel circoviruses from finch and gull. | the purpose of this study was to molecularly characterize circoviruses that infect finches and gulls. circovirus-specific dnas were isolated using polymerase chain reaction methods from bursa of fabricius tissues from a gouldian finch (chloebia gouldiae) and a herring gull (larus argentatus) that were known to be circovirus-infected. nucleotide sequence determination and analysis of cloned genomic dnas showed that these circoviruses represented novel members of the genus circovirus of the family ... | 2007 | 17364513 |
| vaccination of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2)-infected sows against porcine parvovirus (ppv) and erysipelas: effect on post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) and on pcv2 genome load in the offspring. | the effect of different parvovirus+erysipelas vaccination schemes in pcv2-infected sows on pmws outcome in the offspring was investigated under experimental conditions. six pcv2-free sows were first infected oro-nasally with pcv2 two months before insemination (d0; "day 0") and then by the intra-uterine route at insemination (d62). on d21 and d42, vaccinated sows received either the two commercial monovalent vaccines, a1(ppv) and a2(erysipelas), or the bivalent vaccine b (ppv+erysipelas). in add ... | 2007 | 17374380 |
| porcine circovirus type 2 and associated diseases in romania--short communication. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) has been demonstrated to be the causal agent for postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) and porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome (pdns). this report describes the first detection of pcv2 and associated diseases in a romanian swine herd located in transylvania. the clinical signs, pathological and histopathological changes observed in affected pigs were similar to those previously described for pdns and pmws. polymerase chain reaction and in situ ... | 2007 | 17385564 |
| immune-mediated hemolytic anemia in an eclectus parrot. | a 2-year-old female solomon island eclectus parrot (eclectus roratus) was evaluated by a veterinarian because of a 4-day history of progressive lethargy, weakness, poor appetite, and inactivity. the bird was referred to a veterinary teaching hospital for further examination. | 2007 | 17397343 |
| a novel method for the detection of porcine circovirus type 2 replicative double stranded viral dna and nonreplicative single stranded viral dna in tissue sections. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2), an economically important pathogen of swine, is the necessary cause of post weaning multisystemic wasting disease (pmws); pcv2 infection is associated with porcine dermatitis and nephritis syndrome (pdns). current immunohistochemical (ihc) methodologies identify pcv2 antigens but are not capable of differentiating replicating virus from nonreplicating virion particles in tissue sections. in this paper, a combination of ihc using commercial monoclonal antibodies ... | 2007 | 17402607 |
| quantification of pcv2 capsid transcript in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs) in vitro. | the presence of pcv2 dna or spliced capsid mrna (cap mrna) for viral replication was assessed following addition of pcv2 to resting or concanavalin a (cona) stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs). real-time pcr or real-time rt-pcr assays were used to measure viral dna or cap mrna, respectively. the study demonstrated that pcv2 replication increased in infected pbmcs over time. replication within infected pbmcs was significantly (p<0.05) increased when pbmcs were stimulated with co ... | 2007 | 17418508 |
| expression of porcine circovirus 2 orf2 gene requires codon optimized e. coli cells. | expression and purification of whole and nuclear localization signal (nls) deleted orf2 capsid protein of porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2) is demonstrated in the present study. gene coding for both protein forms were cloned into pdest17 vector and expressed in bl21 (de3)ai cells and in bl21-codonplus (de3)-ripl e. coli cells. the later cells were used to overcome difficulties with the heterologous expression of viral proteins in prokaryotic systems. whole 30 kda recombinant orf2 protein was successfu ... | 2007 | 17139551 |
| sow porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) status effect on litter mortality in postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws). | previous studies have described a "litter effect" associated with mortality in postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) affected farms. the main objective of this study was to evaluate litter mortality in different pmws affected farms and to characterize it in relation to three variables of the sow: parity, porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) infectious status and pcv2 antibody titres. the study was performed in seven farms that experienced pmws in nurseries and/or fattening areas. fifteen ... | 2007 | 17064740 |
| silencing of natural interferon producing cell activation by porcine circovirus type 2 dna. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) infection of natural interferon producing cells (nipcs) impairs the induction of interferon (ifn)-alpha and tumour necrosis factor (tnf)-alpha by cytosine-phosphorothioate-guanine (cpg) oligodeoxynucleotides (odns), thereby preventing both their autocrine maturation and the paracrine maturation of myeloid dendritic cells (dcs). the present study shows that the pcv2-mediated inhibition of nipcs was mediated by viral dna, although it was independent of virus replic ... | 2007 | 17038051 |
| multiplex pcr for the simultaneous detection of pseudorabies virus, porcine cytomegalovirus, and porcine circovirus in pigs. | the use of porcine organs is being developed as a means to alleviate the shortage of human organs for transplantation. recommendations have been published for the microbiological specifications of organ-source pigs to reduce the possibility of a microorganism from pigs being inadvertently transferred to the recipient of the xenograft. the pseudorabies virus (prv), porcine cytomegalovirus (pcmv), and porcine circovirus (pcv) are infectious agents in pigs that are considered to be of significance ... | 2007 | 17034871 |
| avian circoviruses of the genus circovirus: a potential trigger in pigeon breeder's lung (pbl)/bird fancier's lung (bfl). | pigeon breeder's lung (pbl) or bird fancier's lung (bfl) is one of the most common extrinsic allergic alveolitis or hypersensitivity pneumonitis. it is caused after prolonged inhalation of avian antigens and provokes a hypersensitivity reaction in the lungs of sensitised people. although the pathogenic mechanism is unclear, the epidemiology of bfl shows that it occurs worldwide, and has been described in adults keeping birds and also in their children. laboratory findings associated with the dis ... | 2007 | 16997499 |
| generation and immunogenicity of a recombinant pseudorabies virus expressing cap protein of porcine circovirus type 2. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is associated with post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws), which is an important economical disease affecting the pig industry worldwide. in order to develop an effective vaccine for pmws, a recombinant pseudorabies virus (prv) was generated and tested in piglets in this study. the pcv2 open reading frame 2 (orf2) gene was inserted into piecmv plasmid and co-transfected with prv tk-/ge-/lacz+ genome into ibrs-2 cells to generate a recombinant tk-/ge-/ ... | 2007 | 17005335 |
| molecular evolution of porcine circovirus type 2 genomes: phylogeny and clonality. | porcine circoviruses (pcvs) type 1 (pcv1) and type 2 (pcv2) show high levels of nucleotide similarity, but pcv1 is considered non-pathogenic and pcv2 has been associated with several disease outcomes in pigs, mainly postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws). after exploring different topologies of the origin of pcvs, it was concluded that pcv1 and pcv2 seem to have a common origin. on the other hand, pcv2 could be divided into two groups (1 and 2) and eight clusters (1a to 1c and 2a to 2 ... | 2007 | 16963096 |
| descriptive summary of an outbreak of porcine post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws ) in new zealand. | investigations were conducted to determine the cause of an acute, multi-farm outbreak of porcine respiratory disease that included diarrhoea and subsequent loss of body condition in affected pigs. a definition for post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) including both clinical and pathological features, previously developed for the pig industry in new zealand, was applied to the current outbreak. in addition to self-reporting by owners of affected farms, local veterinarians, disease a ... | 2007 | 18059655 |
| psittacine circovirus infection in parakeets of the genus eunymphicus and treatment with beta-(1,3/1,6)-d-glucan. | eight captive-bred horned parakeets (eunymphicus cornutus) and four captive-bred major mitchell cockatoos (cacatua leadbeateri) from the same aviary tested positive for psittacine circovirus (pscv) dna in whole blood by nested-polymerase chain reaction (pcr). the chronic form of disease with feather fragility and loss was observed in three horned parakeets. infection in other individuals was subclinical. immunosuppression, either hematologically or as susceptibility to secondary infections, was ... | 2007 | 18251415 |
| lack of in vitro and in vivo effects of lipopolysaccharide on porcine circovirus type 2 infection. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is the causative agent of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws). the presence of immunostimulating factors or concurrent infections seems to be crucial for pmws development. lipopolysaccharide (lps) is a potent immunological activator and has recently been suggested to enhance pcv2 replication in vitro. this study was designed to evaluate the effects of different lps products on pcv2 in vitro replication of pulmonary macrophages (pms), and on the pote ... | 2007 | 18158728 |
| postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) in sweden from an exotic to an endemic disease. | postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) is causally associated with porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) infection of pigs. pcv2 was first demonstrated in swedish pigs in 1993, although the virus was almost certainly present in pigs in the country before that. despite this, no signs of pmws were observed in pigs of sweden until the first outbreak was reported in 2003. the accumulated number of pmws-affected herds have increased via 16 (2004) and 41 (2005) to 123 in december 2006. of these ... | 2007 | 18265702 |
| [monitoring of infectious diseases among wild boars]. | sixty-seven serum samples and 43 pathological material samples from wild boars, taken in 5 regions of russia and in the kharkov region of the ukraine in 2002 to 2005 were studied. wild boars in some regions of russia were shown to be carriers of aujeszky's disease virus, porcine parvovirus, porcine circovirus type 2, lymphotropic herpesvirus-1, porcine cytomegalovirus, mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and pasteurella multocida. the classical swine fever (csf) virus genome was detected by polymerase chai ... | 2007 | 17601049 |
| association of myocarditis with high viral load of porcine circovirus type 2 in several tissues in cases of fetal death and high mortality in piglets. a case study. | during a period of 1.5 months, a newly established pig herd experienced a high number of mummifications and stillbirths, a high neonatal mortality rate, and many piglets with congenital tremors or hind leg ataxia. after clinical and histological investigations, the submitted animals were divided into 4 groups: mummified or stillborn (n = 6), live born with myocarditis (n = 5) (average age 22.8 days), live born without myocarditis (n = 14) (average age 20.0 days), and control animals from a diffe ... | 2007 | 17609345 |
| detection of neutralizing antibodies in postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws)-affected and non-pmws-affected pigs. | the notion that postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws)-affected pigs develop an impaired humoral response against porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) has been reported in several studies. however, little information is available regarding the presence of neutralizing antibodies (na) in pcv2-infected pigs and their role in the pathogenesis of the disease. the aim of the present work was to further characterize the humoral response, and in particular the production of na, in pigs with diff ... | 2007 | 17611048 |
| genome analysis and epidemiological investigation of goose circovirus detected in eastern china. | goose circovirus (gocv), a potential immuno-suppressive virus, was detected in a sample collected from yongkang avian influenza (ai) case in zhejiang province of eastern china. further, epidemiological investigation showed that, four farms located in the two major rearing areas of yongkang and xiangshan out of eight in zhejiang province were positive for gocv. however, the geese in these gocv positive farms exhibited no apparent clinical abnormality. the complete genomes of ten isolates from yon ... | 2007 | 17619136 |
| reovirus infections associated with high mortality in psittaciformes in the netherlands. | in the netherlands between january 2002 and december 2004, numerous psittaciformes died showing severe splenomegaly and hepatomegaly with multifocal acute necrosis. at the start of the outbreaks mostly parakeets were affected, but later larger parrots were also involved. seventy-eight birds showed the same features and six were examined completely, including a virological examination. tests for polyomavirus, pacheco's disease (herpesvirus) and circovirus psittacine beak and feather disease (pbfd ... | 2007 | 17620175 |
| ontogeny of systemic cellular immunity in the neonatal pig: correlation with the development of post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome. | the aetiology of porcine post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) is poorly understood. porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv-2) is an essential component of the experimental disease model for pmws: however, evidence from experimental and field studies indicates that additional factors play a critical role in the aetiopathogenesis of pmws. current candidates include (1) immune stimulation (for example, via co-infection or vaccination), and (2) a novel infectious agent. a prospective, longitud ... | 2007 | 17629574 |
| a new method to identify cell types that support porcine circovirus type 2 replication in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded swine tissues. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is detected in high amounts within the characteristic microscopic lesions of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) affected pigs. in spite of recent advances on disease pathogenesis, the precise cell types that support viral replication are still a major issue of scientific discussion. in this study, a new methodology to detect cell types that support pcv2 replication was designed. for this purpose, two in situ hybridisation (ish) methods were develop ... | 2007 | 17640741 |
| performance of fattening pigs in a farm infected with both porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (prrs) virus and porcine circovirus type 2 following sow and piglet vaccination with an attenuated prrs vaccine. | the purpose of the study was to investigate whether, on farms with both post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (prrs), the prrs vaccination of sows and their fattening pigs protects against these syndromes. in a farrow-to-finish pig farm with a history of prrs and pmws, 200 gilts and sows were allocated to one of two groups of equal size. the first group (c-sow group) was used as untreated controls, while the animals of the second gro ... | 2007 | 17650147 |
| survey of porcine circovirus 2 and postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome in new south wales piggeries. | to determine if postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) is occurring in the new south wales pig population and to determine the current and past seroprevalence of porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2). | 2007 | 17685974 |
| effect of a porcine circovirus type 2 infection on embryos during early pregnancy. | the aim of the present study was to assess the effects of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) on porcine embryos and their receptor sows during the first 21 days of pregnancy. hatched blastocysts exposed to 10(5.0) tcid50 pcv2 per ml (strain 1121, fifth passage pk15) and negative control embryos were transferred to pcv2-immune receptor sows at the 7th day of the cycle. two weeks after transfer (d21), the receptor sows were euthanized and embryos were recovered. they were assessed macroscopically fo ... | 2007 | 17719623 |
| mycoplasma hyopneumoniae bacterins and porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) infection: induction of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) in the gnotobiotic swine model of pcv2-associated disease. | groups (5 to 15 per group) of gnotobiotic swine were infected oronasally with porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) at 3 days of age and then given 1 of 6 different commercial mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (m. hyopneumoniae) bacterins as either a single dose (7 d of age, 1 application products) or 2 doses (7 and 21 d of age, 2 application product). control groups received pcv2 alone (n = 9) or were infected with pcv2 and immunized twice with keyhole limpet hemocyanin (klh) emulsified in incomplete freund' ... | 2007 | 17824156 |
| the emergence of porcine circovirus 2b genotype (pcv-2b) in swine in canada. | since late 2004, the swine industry in the province of quebec has experienced a significant increase in death rate related to postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws). to explain this phenomenon, 2 hypotheses were formulated: 1) the presence of a 2nd pathogen could be exacerbating the porcine circovirus 2 (pcv-2) infection, or 2) a new and more virulent pcv-2 strain could be infecting swine. in 2005, 13 pmws cases were submitted to the quebec provincial diagnostic laboratory and pcv-2 w ... | 2007 | 17824323 |
| porcine circovirus type 2-associated cerebellar vasculitis in postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws)-affected pigs. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is associated with several syndromes in growing pigs, including postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome and porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome. in the present study, a previously undescribed neurovascular disorder associated with a pcv2 infection is described. sixteen pigs showed clinical signs of wasting and neurologic deficits. acute hemorrhages and edema of cerebellar meninges and parenchyma due to a necrotizing vasculitis resulted in degeneration ... | 2007 | 17846234 |
| phylogenetic characterization of porcine circovirus type 2 in pmws and pdns korean pigs between 1999 and 2006. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) has been associated with several disease outcomes in swine, primarily postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) and porcine dermatitis nephropathy syndrome (pdns). over an 8-year period (1999-2006), we detected 36 pcv2 strains from pmws and pdns cases. complete genes of the detected pcv2 strains were sequenced and analyzed. the sequences encoding a putative capsid protein, orf2, of 233 pcv2 strains, isolated in korea and throughout the world, could be div ... | 2007 | 17706315 |
| genetic characterization of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) from pigs in high-seroprevalence areas in southeastern china. | increasing evidences indicate that porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is the causative agent of the post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws). in this study, the prevalence of pcv2 infection in swine herds in southeastern china was investigated by elisa and pcr, as well as the genetic characteristics by nucleic acid sequencing. seroprevalence of pcv2 in samples collected from 89 swine herds was significantly higher by elisa in post-weaning (54.1%) and growing piglets (49.9%) than that of ... | 2007 | 17851745 |
| first description of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) in wild boar (sus scrofa) in croatia and phylogenetic analysis of partial pcv2 sequences. | this report describes the first case of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) in wild boar in croatia. during the winter season of 2004, eight wild young piglets (of approximately 2 to 5 months of age) were found dead in a fenced hunting area. polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was carried out on mesenteric lymph nodes and all animals yielded positive results. in one of these animals diagnosis of pmws was established based on the three key diagnostic criteria including the clinical mani ... | 2007 | 17867466 |
| [transmission of agents of the porcine respiratory disease complex (prdc) between swine herds: a review. part 1--diagnosis, transmission by animal contact]. | knowledge on the different ways of transmitting prdc pathogens (prrsv, influenza virus a, pcv 2, m. hyopneumoniae, a. pleuropneumoniae) between swine herds is of special interest for the development of biosecurity measures or the retrospective risk analysis in the framework of activities of the consulting veterinarian. in this literature review the current knowledge of the transmission of prdc-pathogens is summarized. since the assessment of investigations into pathogen detection in detail is in ... | 2007 | 17927073 |
| the prevalence of beak and feather disease virus infection in wild populations of parrots and cockatoos in new zealand. | to determine the prevalence of beak and feather disease virus (bfdv) infection in exotic parrots and cockatoos in the wild in new zealand. | 2007 | 17928900 |
| t lymphocyte epitope mapping of porcine circovirus type 2. | immunoreactive t lymphocyte epitopes within the orf1, orf2, and orf 3 products of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) were mapped. for this, overlapping linear 20-mer peptides were synthesized and tested for their ability to induce t lymphocyte proliferation in porcine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs) isolated from experimentally pcv2-infected pigs. after a preliminary screening of 31 (orf1), 23 (orf2), and 10 (orf3) peptides using pbmcs from 4 pcv2-infected pigs, none of the peptides app ... | 2007 | 17931109 |
| studies on the aetiology of non-suppurative encephalitis in pigs. | thirty-eight natural cases of aetiologically unclear non-suppurative encephalitis in pigs were studied retrospectively. brain samples were examined for the presence of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv-2), porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus (prrsv), porcine enteroviruses (pevs), ovine herpesvirus type 2 (ovhv-2), borna disease virus (bdv) and suid herpesvirus type 1 (suhv-1) by molecular biological and immunohistochemical methods. histological examination of the brains revealed var ... | 2007 | 17951563 |
| [transmission of agents of the porcine respiratory disease complex (prdc) between swine herds: a review. part 2--pathogen transmission via semen, air and living/nonliving vectors]. | the transmission of prdc-pathogens (prrsv, influenza virus a, pcv2, m. hyopneumoniae, a. pleuropneumoniae) between swine herds, which was summarized in the first part of the review, mainly occurs via pig movement. the risk of pathogen transmission by insemination with contaminated semen plays only a relevant role in the infection with prrsv and pcv2. a risk of the aerogen transmission of pathogens between herds within a distance of 2 to 3 km is described for m. hyopneumoniae and prrsv. evidence ... | 2007 | 17970334 |
| enhanced replication of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) in a homogeneous subpopulation of pk15 cell line. | post-weaning multi-systemic wasting syndrome (pmws) has emerged as a major disease that poses a significant threat to the economics of global swine industry. porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is the causal agent of pmws in pigs. currently, the prevention of pcv2 infection based on vaccines is limited, and the available vaccines are either killed viral vaccines or recombinant protein based vaccines and not cost effective. the pk-15 cells, which is widely used for pcv2 propagation, is not efficient ... | 2007 | 17889922 |
| mortality in pigs given porcine circovirus type 2 subgroup 1 and 2 viruses derived from dna clones. | 2007 | 17890775 | |
| porcine circovirus type 2 associated disease: update on current terminology, clinical manifestations, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and intervention strategies. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2)-associated disease (pcvad) continues to be an important differential diagnosis on pig farms in the united states and worldwide. case trend analyses indicate that the incidence of pcvad is on the rise in the united states. accurate diagnosis is important in order to implement appropriate intervention strategies. pcvad can manifest as a systemic disease, as part of the respiratory disease complex, as an enteric disease, as porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrom ... | 2007 | 17998548 |
| temporal distribution of porcine circovirus 2 genogroups recovered from postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome affected and nonaffected farms in ireland and northern ireland. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is now recognized as the essential infectious component of porcine postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws). pmws was first recognized in high-status, specific pathogen-free pigs in canada in 1991 and is now an economically important disease that affects the swine industry around the world. recently, reports of genomic studies on pcv2 viruses indicated that 2 distinctive genogroups of pcv2 exist.4,10 this report involves the results of a study on the dis ... | 2007 | 17998555 |
| pathologic findings in racing pigeons (columba livia domestica) with "young bird sickness". | "young bird sickness" is a term used by racing pigeon fanciers to describe a condition that has occurred regularly in recent years and affects pigeons (columba livia domestica) in their first year of life. it is characterized by slow crop emptying, regurgitation, diarrhea, weight loss, poor performance, and occasionally death. little scientific information is known about this syndrome to differentiate it from other diseases that occur in young pigeons. in this study, 1 bird from each of 9 lofts ... | 2007 | 18069166 |
| increased yield of porcine circovirus-2 by a combined treatment of pk-15 cells with interferon-gamma and inhibitors of endosomal-lysosomal system acidification. | treatment of porcine kidney (pk-15) cells with either interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) or endosomal- lysosomal system acidification inhibitors increases replication of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2). in the present study, the effect of a combination of these treatments on the number of infected cells and virus yield was tested. the number of pcv2 (stoon-1010)-infected pk-15 cells increased in cells treated with ammonium chloride (445 +/- 39% increase), ifn-gamma (446 +/- 8%), ammonium chloride + i ... | 2008 | 18080797 |
| detection of a novel circovirus in mute swans (cygnus olor) by using nested broad-spectrum pcr. | circoviruses are the causative agents of acute and chronic diseases in several animal species. clinical symptoms of circovirus infections range from depression and diarrhoea to immunosuppression and feather disorders in birds. eleven different members of the genus circovirus are known so far, which infect pigs and birds in a species-specific manner. here, a nested pcr was developed for the detection of a broad range of different circoviruses in clinical samples. using this assay, a novel circovi ... | 2008 | 18082907 |
| antigenic differences among porcine circovirus type 2 strains, as demonstrated by the use of monoclonal antibodies. | this study examined whether antigenic differences among porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv-2) strains could be detected using monoclonal antibodies (mabs). a subtractive immunization protocol was used for the genotype 2 post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws)-associated pcv-2 strain stoon-1,010. sixteen stable hybridomas that produced mabs with an immunoperoxidase monolayer assay (ipma) titre of 1,000 or more to stoon-1,010 were obtained. staining of recombinant pcv-2 virus-like particles ... | 2008 | 18089741 |
| nucleotide sequence polymorphism in circoviruses. | analysis of nucleotide diversity within six species of circovirus showed consistently stronger purifying selection at nonsynonymous sites in the rep gene than on those in the cap gene. in addition, synonymous nucleotide diversity in the rep gene was significantly lower than that in the cap gene, suggesting functional constraint even at synonymous sites in rep, which was associated in all six species with strongly negative at-skew. of the six virus species examined, four species showed evidence o ... | 2008 | 18093882 |
| influence of maternal antibodies on efficacy of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) vaccination to protect pigs from experimental infection with pcv2. | due to the ubiquitous nature of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) in the pig population and the increasing use of pcv2 vaccines in breeding herds, the majority of dams have been exposed to field pcv2 or pcv2 vaccines, resulting in piglets with varied levels of passively acquired pcv2 maternal antibodies. the objective of the current research was to investigate the influence of passively acquired anti-pcv2 antibodies on pcv2 vaccine efficacy. sixty 26-day-old pigs were divided into four groups: va ... | 2008 | 18094109 |
| examination for a viral co-factor in postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws). | in order to test the hypothesis that a putative co-factor for the development of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) in pigs could be of viral origin, we performed extensive virological examinations on organ material from pigs diagnosed with pmws originating from within a danish pmws-transmission study. virus isolation attempts were carried out on a large panel of different cell types including primary pig kidney cells and lung macrophages, primary rabbit kidney cells and seven est ... | 2008 | 18155366 |
| inhibition of endosome-lysosome system acidification enhances porcine circovirus 2 infection of porcine epithelial cells. | recently, misinzo et al. (g. misinzo, p. meerts, m. bublot, j. mast, h. m. weingartl, and h. j. nauwynck, j. gen. virol. 86:2057-2068, 2005) reported that inhibiting endosome-lysosome system acidification reduced porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2) infection of monocytic 3d4/31 cells. the present study examined the effect of inhibiting endosome-lysosome system acidification in epithelial cells, since epithelial cells support pcv2 infection in vivo and are used in culturing pcv2 in vitro. ammonium chlori ... | 2008 | 18032516 |
| creation of diversity in the animal virus world by inter-species and intra-species recombinations: lessons learned from poultry viruses. | the biological diversity within viruses is one of the largest found in all other forms of nature. many mechanisms contribute to virus diversity and include incorporating genetic material from the host, recombination between viruses belonging to the same or to a different family, and even recombination between viruses normally infecting different hosts. in particular, avian viruses can utilize all three of these mechanisms to generate new viruses. it is well documented that recombinations can occ ... | 2008 | 17922180 |
| development of a novel hot-start multiplex pcr for simultaneous detection of classical swine fever virus, african swine fever virus, porcine circovirus type 2, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and porcine parvovirus. | a novel hot-start multiplex pcr (mpcr) assay was developed and subsequently evaluated for its effectiveness in simultaneously detecting multiple viral infections of swine. specific primers for each of five virus genomes, namely classical swine fever virus (csfv), african swine fever virus (asfv), porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) and porcine parvovirus (ppv) were used. combined nucleic acid purification was carried out using a commercia ... | 2008 | 17975735 |
| molecular diversity of brazilian strains of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv-2). | porcine circovirus 2 (pcv-2) is associated with a broad range of syndromes. in this study, eight pig tissue samples from two brazilian states were analyzed using six pcr primer pairs amplifying a 1705-bp fragment of the pcv-2 genome. the nj distance-based method was used for the phylogenetic analysis with the eight field strains herein, 15 genbank sequences and using pcv-1 as an out-group. this yielded two major clusters (a and b) for this viral species, with the brazilian strains segregating wi ... | 2008 | 17976668 |
| a proposal on porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) genotype definition and their relation with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) occurrence. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is the essential infectious agent of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws). despite first sequencing studies did not find any association between pcv2 sequences and pmws occurrence, recent works have suggested the opposite. in the present study, 87 open reading frame 2 (orf2) sequences obtained from pigs with different clinical conditions and coming from farms with different pmws status were analyzed. results further confirmed the existence of two gen ... | 2008 | 17976930 |
| genomic analysis of pcv2 isolates from danish archives and a current pmws case-control study supports a shift in genotypes with time. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is the primary cause of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) in pigs. pcv2, however, is found in both pmws-affected herds and non-affected herds. the objective of this study was to clarify if pcv2 genome nucleotide sequences isolated from pigs from pmws-affected herds and non-affected herds cluster phylogenetically in two separate groups. all isolates (45) belonged to pcv2 group 1 and shared a nucleotide sequence identity of 99.4-100% indicating a ve ... | 2008 | 17996404 |
| expression of the porcine circovirus type 2 capsid protein subunits and application to an indirect elisa. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is considered to be associated with post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws), which is a newly emerged economically important swine disease. the entire coding region of open reading frame 2 (orf2), encoding the viral capsid protein (cap), of pcv2 was cloned and sequenced from the clinical specimen obtained from pmws-affected piglets. six recombinant subunits, a-f, spanning the defined regions of cap were produced by e. coli expression system and used as ... | 2008 | 17996970 |
| development and applications of a monoclonal antibody to a recombinant beak and feather disease virus (bfdv) capsid protein. | the development of diagnostic assays for detecting beak and feather disease virus (bfdv) has traditionally been hampered by the difficulty associated with producing suitable reagents, namely purified virus and polyclonal antibodies. in an effort to develop a consistent and standardised source of antibody, a monoclonal antibody to a recombinant bfdv capsid protein has been developed and its use in western blotting, immunohistochemistry (ihc), elisa and haemagglutination-inhibition (hi) assays cha ... | 2008 | 17942162 |
| thermal stability of porcine circovirus type 2 in cell culture. | international trade in pig meat has resulted in some countries placing restrictions on the importation of pig meat, with requirements for cooking of imported meat to destroy viral agents. this study investigated the in vitro resistance of an australian strain of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2), the causative agent of post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws), to heat treatment. the viability of the virus in cell cultures was determined by a combination of reverse transcriptase polymera ... | 2008 | 17889378 |
| immunogenicity of porcine circovirus type 2 capsid protein targeting to different subcellular compartments. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is known to be associated with post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws), an emerging disease in swine. the development of effective vaccines against pcv2 infection has been accepted as an important strategy in the prophylaxis of pmws, and a dna vaccine expressing the major immunogenic capsid (cap) protein of pcv2 is considered to be a promising candidate. however, recent studies have revealed that interferons (ifns), especially ifn-gamma, can enhance th ... | 2008 | 17709139 |
| virucidal efficacy of nine commercial disinfectants against porcine circovirus type 2. | a number of commercially available disinfectants are commonly used on pig breeding farms and are authorised by the french agricultural ministry. however, the efficacy of these disinfectants is unknown with regard to the emergent porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2). the virucidal efficacy of nine disinfectants was evaluated by testing a suspension of pcv2 isolated in france. the assays were performed at 20 degrees c and the efficacy determined after 30 min contact time between virus and disinfectant ... | 2008 | 17851101 |
| genetic characterization of porcine circovirus type 2 in republic of korea. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is a major causative agent of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws). sequence and phylogenetic analyses based on the orf2 capsid protein gene fragment showed that field isolate in republic of korea (rok), pcv2 yjk 0703, was closely related with the pcv2 fh18 isolate. pcv2 yjk 0703 was genetically distinct and not related to previously reported rok isolates. therefore, genotypic variation exists among prevailing pcv2 in rok. this result suggests that s ... | 2008 | 17698155 |
| porcine circovirus type 2-induced interleukin-10 modulates recall antigen responses. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is the necessary agent for the occurrence of post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) in pigs. it has been suggested that pmws-affected pigs are immunosuppressed and, therefore, more prone to develop co-infections. in this study, we elucidated that pcv2 downregulates in vitro the immune cell functions during recall antigen responses. we showed that pcv2, but not the non-pathogenic porcine circovirus type 1, induces interleukin (il)-10 secretion by monoc ... | 2008 | 18272768 |
| porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) viral components immunomodulate recall antigen responses. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is a single-stranded circular dna virus infecting domestic pigs worldwide. interaction of this virus with the immune system apparently modulates the immune response of the host. in the present study, the implication of different components of pcv2 in the modulation of the immune response of the host were investigated by using pcv2 viral-like particles (vlps) and 16 novel oligodeoxyribonucleotides containing cpg motifs (cpg-odns) based on the pcv2 genomic sequence ... | 2008 | 18304652 |
| the effect of vaccination against porcine circovirus type 2 in pigs suffering from porcine respiratory disease complex. | a field study was conducted to investigate the effect of vaccination against porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) in pigs suffering from porcine respiratory disease complex (prdc). a total of 1542 pigs were allocated randomly into two treatment groups at approximately 20 days of age. groups received either a baculovirus-expressed recombinant pcv2 open reading frame (orf) 2 vaccine or placebo by single intramuscular injection. median onset of pcv2 viraemia and respiratory signs occurred when animals ... | 2008 | 18304705 |
| associations between pathogens in healthy pigs and pigs with pneumonia. | the aim of this study was to evaluate the associations between different pathogens in the development of pneumonia and bronchopneumonia in pigs. samples of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from 100 pigs showing no clinical signs and 239 pigs with clinical signs of respiratory disease were examined for mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, mycoplasma hyorhinis, us-type porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus (prrsv), eu-type prrsv, porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv-2), influenza virus type a, alpha-haem ... | 2008 | 18310558 |
| characterization and potential use of truncated pcv2 capsid protein and its polyclonal antibody for diagnosis of pcv2 infections. | as porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2) orf2 encodes the major structural protein (capsid) that is closely related to the pathogenesis, the capsid (cap) protein could be used as a target antigen for serological analysis. the immunoactivities of the truncated capsid proteins containing immunogenic epitopes of pcv2 (cap2s) or pcv1 (cap1s) expressed in escherichia coli were described, as well as the characteristic of their polyclonal antibodies in diagnosis of pcv2 infection. western blot analysis revealed ... | 2008 | 18338582 |
| effects of fermentation products of ganoderma lucidum on growth performance and immunocompetence in weanling pigs. | the purpose of this study was to test fermentation, for its products of a chinese medicinal mushroom, ganoderma lucidum, cultured by submerged fermentation for its effect on growth performance and immunocompetence in weanling piglets. in experiment 1, 72 weanling piglets were allotted to one of four treatments receiving these fermentation products (glf, expressed as amount of beta-glucans) at 0 (control), 50, 100, and 150 mg/kg feed for 4 weeks. the results showed that at a supplementation level ... | 2008 | 18341077 |
| a field evaluation of mortality rate and growth performance in pigs vaccinated against porcine circovirus type 2. | to evaluate, under field conditions, the effects of a commercial porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) vaccine on mortality rate and growth performance in a herd infected with pcv2 that had a history of porcine circovirus disease. | 2008 | 18341450 |
| phylogenetic analysis of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) pre- and post-epizootic postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws). | the porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) genome encodes three major open reading frames (orfs) encoding the replicase proteins (orf1), the viral capsid protein (orf2), and a protein with suggested apoptotic activity (orf3). previous phylogenetic analyses of complete genome sequences of pcv2 from genbank have demonstrated 95-100% intra-group nucleotide sequence identity. however, although these isolates were readily grouped into clusters and clades, there was no correlation between the occurrence of ... | 2008 | 18343985 |
| development and validation of a duplex real-time pcr assay for the simultaneous detection and quantification of porcine circovirus type 2 and an internal control on porcine semen samples. | a duplex real-time quantitative pcr (qpcr) method for the simultaneous detection of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) and an exogenous internal positive control (ipc) in porcine semen samples was developed. the ipc was included to monitor dna extraction and pcr inhibition and consisted of a mutated pcv2 plasmid clone which differed from the target pcv2 in the probe binding region and thus was detected by the use of a second probe with different end-labeling. the sensitivity, specificity and repea ... | 2008 | 18355929 |
| rapid detection of porcine circovirus type 2 by loop-mediated isothermal amplification. | a method of loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) was employed to develop a rapid and simple detection system for porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2). the amplification could be finished in 60 min under isothermal condition at 64 degrees c by employing a set of four primers targeting the cap gene of pcv2. the lamp assay showed higher sensitivity than the conventional pcr, with a detection limit of five copies per tube of purified pcv2 genomic dna. no cross-reactivity was observed from the s ... | 2008 | 18355932 |
| development of recombinant porcine parvovirus-like particles as an antigen carrier formed by the hybrid vp2 protein carrying immunoreactive epitope of porcine circovirus type 2. | virus-like particles (vlps) are non-replicative vectors for delivery of heterologous epitopes and induction of immune responses. in this study, a self-assembled porcine parvovirus (ppv) vp2 capsid protein [ppv:vlp-(pcv2)] carrying immunoreactive epitopes, residues 165-200 from the porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2) virus nucleoprotein was constructed. immunogenicity study was carried out with hybrid vlps derived from hek-293 cells infected with recombinant adenovirus vectors. to our knowledge, this stu ... | 2008 | 18378364 |
| comparison of three template preparation methods for routine detection of beak and feather disease virus and avian polyomavirus with single and nested polymerase chain reaction in clinical specimens. | direct comparisons are important when assessing the value of dna extraction methods for diagnostic virology as the inhibitors present and the efficiency of extraction vary with the target infectious agent as well as the species and the site from which the clinical sample was obtained. three dna extraction methods were compared for routine polymerase chain reaction (pcr) detection of beak and feather disease virus (bfdv) in whole blood and feather samples and of avian polyomavirus (apv) in feathe ... | 2008 | 18393092 |
| construction and immunogenicity of recombinant pseudotype baculovirus expressing the capsid protein of porcine circovirus type 2 in mice. | baculovirus has emerged recently as a novel and attractive gene delivery vehicle for mammalian cells. porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is known to be associated with post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws), an emerging swine disease which results in tremendous economic losses. in this study, baculovirus pseudotyped with vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein (vsv-g) was used as a vector to express capsid (cap) protein, the most important immunogen of pcv2, under the transcriptional c ... | 2008 | 18394722 |
| proliferative and necrotising pneumonia and severe vascular lesions in pigs naturally infected with porcine circovirus type 2. | severe disease induced by porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) was observed in three pigs originating from a large herd affected by respiratory and digestive signs as well as wasting. proliferative and necrotising pneumonia (pnp) was diagnosed in two animals, while severe acute interstitial pneumonia characterised by the presence of abundant hyaline membrane in the alveoli and fibrin in the bronchioles was found in one pig. in all cases, large amounts of pcv2 antigen were found in each tissue sample ... | 2008 | 18401960 |
| detection and analysis of porcine circovirus type 1 in hungarian wild boars: short communication. | porcine circovirus type 1 (pcv1) is considered to be a non-pathogenic virus detected in cell cultures, vaccines or products used for cell culture preparations, all of them of porcine origin. serological evidence and genetic studies suggested that pcv1 was widespread in domestic pigs. the presence of pcv1 in wild boars in germany was also described using serological methods. this paper reports the first detection of pcv1 in hungarian wild boars. samples were collected at slaughterhouses and proce ... | 2008 | 18401965 |
| expression of the capsid protein of porcine circovirus type 2 in lactococcus lactis for oral vaccination. | diseases associated with porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) infections are becoming a major problem for the swine industry worldwide. the capsid protein (cap) of pcv2 is an antigen important for both early diagnosis and development of vaccines. in this study, lactococcus lactis was used as vehicle to deliver the pcv2 antigen in an attempt to develop oral vaccine. a cap gene with a deleted nuclear localization signal sequence (dcap) was cloned into an escherichia coli/l. lactis shuttle vector psec: ... | 2008 | 18406475 |
| porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome in new zealand. | an outbreak of fatal or debilitating disease characterised by wasting and cutaneous lesions that usually necessitated euthanasia, occurred over a period of 4 months in pigs 14-16 weeks of age from a commercial 'farrow-to-finish' unit in the north island of new zealand. during the outbreak, 67 deaths were attributed to the condition, accounting for 2-3% of total production. the outbreak preceded the diagnosis of post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) on this farm. | 2008 | 18408798 |
| quantification of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv-2) within- and between-pen transmission in pigs. | pcv-2 within- and between-pen transmission was quantified by estimating the daily transmission rate beta and the basic reproduction ratio (r(0)) using a stochastic seir (susceptible, exposed, infectious, removed) model fitted on experimental data. within-pen transmission was quantified by using four groups of eight spf (specific pathogen-free) pigs (four infected and four susceptible pigs having direct contact). between-pen transmission was studied in two groups of 16 spf pigs (eight infected an ... | 2008 | 18413131 |
| postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome in danish pig herds: productivity, clinical signs and pathology. | a case-control study of 74 herds with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) and 74 matched control herds was carried out. in the case herds the mortality rates of weaner and finisher pigs were 11.2 and 5.2 per cent respectively, compared with 3.1 and 3.2 per cent in the control herds. in most case herds, pmws developed within the first four weeks after weaning. wasting, diarrhoea and respiratory signs were observed in 10 per cent of the weaner pigs (7 to 30 kg) in the case herds comp ... | 2008 | 18424846 |
| effect of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) vaccination on porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) and pcv2 coinfection. | the objectives were to determine if pcv2 vaccination is effective in reducing disease and lesions associated with prrsv and pcv2 coinfection and if there is a difference between intradermal (id) and intramuscular (im) route of pcv2 vaccination. seventy-four, 21-day-old pigs were randomly allocated into one of six groups. on day 0, pigs were vaccinated with 2ml suvaxyn pcv2 one dose (fort dodge animal health, inc.) by intramuscular (vac-m-coinf) or intradermal (vac-d-coinf) routes. on day 28, pig ... | 2008 | 18430525 |
| is chronic fatigue syndrome caused by a rare brain infection of a common, normally benign virus? | chronic fatigue syndrome (cfs) is a disabling disease of unknown aetiology. a variety of factors have been suggested as possible causes. although the symptoms and clinical findings are heterogeneous, the syndrome is sufficiently distinct, at least in relation to the more obvious cases, that a common explanation seems likely. in this paper, it is proposed that the disease is caused by a ubiquitous, but normally benign virus, e.g., one of the circoviruses. circoviruses are chronically present in a ... | 2008 | 18440157 |
| systemic cytokine profiles of mice vaccinated with naked dnas encoding six open reading frame antigens of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2). | the objective of this study was to characterize the murine immune response to vaccination with dnas encoding each of six porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) open reading frames (orfs). after intramuscular vaccination with the naked dnas, blood was taken on days post-infection (dpi) 7 and 35 and subjected to bio-plex cytokine assays. orf3 elicited high levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokine tnf-alpha (p<0.001) and decreased il-12 levels (p<0.001) on dpi 7, and was lethal for nine of the 15 vaccinat ... | 2008 | 18456294 |
| porcine circovirus-2 dna concentration distinguishes wasting from nonwasting pigs and is correlated with lesion distribution, severity, and nucleocapsid staining intensity. | the emergence of severe porcine circoviral disease in north america is associated with porcine circovirus-2 genotype b (pcv-2b), which has led to speculation that pcv-2b is more virulent than pcv-2a. the objectives of this study were to 1) correlate the pcv-2 dna concentration and lesions in wasting (wst) and age-matched healthy (hlth) pigs from 2 clinically affected farms, and unaffected (unfct) pigs from a farm with no prior clinical or diagnostic history of pcvd; and 2) to determine the initi ... | 2008 | 18460612 |
| evaluation of a nested polymerase chain reaction assay to differentiate between two genotypes of porcine circovirus-2. | porcine circovirus-2 (pcv-2) is associated with several diseases in pigs, including postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws). a new genotype of pcv-2 was isolated from swine farms with and without clinical pmws in north america. the new genotype was differentiated in a separate cluster by phylogenetic analyses and is now named pcv-2b compared with pcv-2a for the previously known genotype. the purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate a nested polymerase chain reaction (npcr) ass ... | 2008 | 18460613 |
| changes in peripheral blood leukocyte subpopulations in piglets co-infected experimentally with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and porcine circovirus type 2. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) and porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) are pathogens, which can significantly affect the swine industry worldwide. field surveys suggest that simultaneous prrsv and pcv2 infection is common in pigs. the objective of this study was to measure the changes in peripheral blood leukocyte subpopulations in piglets co-infected experimentally with prrsv and pcv2, in order to analyze the synergistic influence of co-infection on the immune system. ... | 2008 | 18164875 |