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porcine epidemic diarrhea virus 3c-like protease-mediated nucleocapsid processing: possible link to viral cell culture adaptability.porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) causes severe diarrhea and high mortality rates in newborn piglets, leading to massive losses to the swine industry worldwide during recent epidemics. intense research efforts are now focusing on defining viral characteristics that confer a growth advantage, pathogenicity, or cell adaptability in order to better understand the pedv life cycle and identify suitable targets for antiviral or vaccine development. here, we report a unique phenomenon of pedv nucl ...201727807240
characterization of a pathogenic full-length cdna clone of a virulent porcine epidemic diarrhea virus strain ah2012/12 in china.since 2010, outbreaks of variant porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) have swept across the world causing substantial economic losses. the development of new, more effective vaccines has been hampered by difficulties in isolating strains and viral genome manipulation. in the present study, we successfully isolated a highly pathogenic field strain ah2012/12, from a pig farm reporting severe diarrhea in china. phylogenetic analysis revealed that the new isolate belongs to group g2, which represe ...201727770703
phylogenetic analysis of the spike (s) gene of the new variants of porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus in taiwan.new variants of porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (pedv), which emerged in taiwan in late 2013, have caused a high morbidity and mortality in neonatal piglets. to investigate the molecular characteristics of the spike (s) gene of the emerging taiwan pedv strains for a better understanding of the genetic diversity and relationship among the taiwan new variants and the global pedvs, full-length s genes of pedvs from nine 1-7 day-old piglets from three pig farms in the central and southern taiwan we ...201725903998
enhanced production of enveloped viruses in bst-2-deficient cell lines.despite all the advantages that cell-cultured influenza vaccines have over egg-based influenza vaccines, the inferior productivity of cell-culture systems is a major drawback that must be addressed. bst-2 (tetherin) is a host restriction factor which inhibits budding-out of various enveloped viruses from infected host cells. we developed bst-2-deficient mdck and vero cell lines to increase influenza virus release in cell culture. bst-2 gene knock-out resulted in increased release of viral partic ...201728498621
discovery of a highly divergent coronavirus in the asian house shrew from china illuminates the origin of the alphacoronaviruses.although shrews are one of the largest groups of mammals little is known about their role in the evolution and transmission of viral pathogens including coronaviruses. we captured 266 asian house shrews (suncus murinus) in jiangxi and zhejiang provinces, china, during 2013-2015. coronavirus (cov) rna was detected in 24 asian house shrews, with an overall prevalence of 9.02%. complete viral genome sequences were successfully recovered from the rna positive samples. the newly discovered shrew cov ...201728637760
efficient reverse genetic systems for rapid genetic manipulation of emergent and preemergent infectious coronaviruses.emergent and preemergent coronaviruses (covs) pose a global threat that requires immediate intervention. rapid intervention necessitates the capacity to generate, grow, and genetically manipulate infectious covs in order to rapidly evaluate pathogenic mechanisms, host and tissue permissibility, and candidate antiviral therapeutic efficacy. covs encode the largest viral rna genomes at about 28-32,000 nucleotides in length, and thereby complicate efficient engineering of the genome. deconstructing ...201728508214
the nucleocapsid proteins of mouse hepatitis virus and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus share the same ifn-β antagonizing mechanism: attenuation of pact-mediated rig-i/ mda5 activation.coronaviruses (covs) are a huge threat to both humans and animals and have evolved elaborate mechanisms to antagonize interferons (ifns). nucleocapsid (n) protein is the most abundant viral protein in cov-infected cells, and has been identified as an innate immunity antagonist in several covs, including mouse hepatitis virus (mhv) and severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars)-cov. however, the underlying molecular mechanism(s) remain unclear. in this study, we found that mhv n protein inhibited s ...201728591694
characterization of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus infectivity in human embryonic kidney cells.porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv), a causative agent of porcine epidemic diarrhea, causes economic loss in the global swine industry. vero cell, an african green monkey kidney cell line, has been commonly used to isolate and propagate pedv. however, since the production of interferon in these cells is defective, vero cells are not the ideal cell type to study the molecular mechanisms of pedv infection and the host antiviral innate immune response. in this study, we observed that human embry ...201728470417
a persistently infecting coronavirus in hibernating myotis lucifugus, the north american little brown bat.bats are important reservoir hosts for emerging viruses, including coronaviruses that cause diseases in people. although there have been several studies on the pathogenesis of coronaviruses in humans and surrogate animals, there is little information on the interactions of these viruses with their natural bat hosts. we detected a coronavirus in the intestines of 53/174 hibernating little brown bats (myotis lucifugus), as well as in the lungs of some of these individuals. interestingly, the prese ...201728840816
development and application of a recombinant m protein-based indirect elisa for the detection of porcine deltacoronavirus igg antibodies.porcine deltacoronavirus (pdcov) is a recently identified coronavirus in the genus deltacoronavirus that can cause enteric disease including diarrhea, vomiting, dehydration and mortality in neonatal piglets. serological assays to detect anti-pdcov antibodies are presently limited to certain laboratories and geographic regions. in this study, a recombinant m protein-based indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (pdcov-rm elisa) was developed and utilized to determine the prevalence of anti-pdc ...201728860101
development and validation of monoclonal antibody-based antigen capture elisa for detection of group a porcine rotavirus.porcine rotavirus-a (porva) is one of the common causes of mild to severe dehydrating diarrhea, leading to losses in weaning and postweaning piglets. a rapid, highly specific, and sensitive antigen-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ac-elisa) was developed for detection of porva, by using vp6 (a highly conserved and antigenic protein of group-a rotavirus)-directed rabbit polyclonal antibodies (capture antibody) and murine monoclonal antibodies (detector antibody). the detection limit of ...201728414586
identification of two mutation sites in spike and envelope proteins mediating optimal cellular infection of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus from different pathways.entry of the α-coronavirus porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) requires specific proteases to activate spike (s) protein for the membrane fusion of the virion to the host cell following receptor binding. herein, pedv isolate 85-7 could proliferate and induce cell-cell fusion in a trypsin independent manner on vero cells, and eight homologous mutation strains were screened by continuous proliferation in the absence of trypsin on vero cells. according to the whole genome sequence comparative an ...201728854955
[effect of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus nsp1 on type ⅰ interferon response].porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) inhibits the host typeⅰinterferon and cellular antiviral response, but its inhibition mechanism is unclear, and the roles of pedv nonstructural proteins in regulating typeⅰinterferon responses have been seldom studied. to study the effect of nsp1 on typeⅰinterferon response, nsp1 gene was cloned into a eukaryotic expression vector pcaggs. the expression of nsp1 in transfected cells was determined by western blot and indirect immunofluorescence assay. the ef ...201728853260
rapamycin-induced autophagy restricts porcine epidemic diarrhea virus infectivity in porcine intestinal epithelial cells.porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) invades porcine intestinal epithelial cells (iecs) and causes diarrhea and dehydration in pigs. in the present study, we showed a suppression of pedv infection in porcine jejunum intestinal epithelial cells (ipec-j2) by an increase in autophagy. autophagy was activated by rapamycin at a dose that does not affect cell viability and tight junction permeability. the induction of autophagy was examined by lc3i/lc3ii conversion. to confirm the autophagic-flux (e ...201728842266
isolation, molecular characterization and an artificial infection model for a variant porcine epidemic diarrhea virus strain from jiangsu province, china.porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) is a causative agent of porcine intestinal disease, which causes vomiting, diarrhea, and dehydration in piglets. pedv is associated with the most severe pathogenesis in one-week-old piglets, with mortality rates reaching 100%. a pedv strain was isolated from the intestinal tract of diarrheic piglets from a pig farm in jiangsu province in march 2016, termed the js201603 isolate. the isolated virus was confirmed to be pedv via rt-pcr, electron microscopy, a c ...201728803371
effect of booster vaccination with inactivated porcine epidemic diarrhea virus on neutralizing antibody response in mammary secretions.porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) causes acute diarrhea, dehydration in pigs, and high mortality rates in piglets <3 weeks of age. maternal immunity protects piglets, but information on vaccination before or after natural infection in endemically exposed sow herds is limited. currently, the recovery goal in sow units infected with pedv is to become fully naive again or use natural virus infection to develop immune gilts through a feedback program before introduction into the sow herd. since ...201728783456
appearance of us-like porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (pedv) strains before us outbreaks and genetic heterogeneity of pedvs collected in northern vietnam during 2012-2015.porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (pedv) is the aetiologic agent of porcine epidemic diarrhoea (ped), a highly contagious enteric disease that is threatening the swine industry globally. since ped was first reported in southern vietnam in 2009, the disease has spread throughout the country and caused substantial economic losses. to identify pedvs responsible for the recent outbreaks, the full-length spike (s) gene of 25 field pedv strains collected from seven northern provinces of vietnam was seq ...201728758349
genetic characteristics, pathogenicity, and immunogenicity associated with cell adaptation of a virulent genotype 2b porcine epidemic diarrhea virus.porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) has emerged or re-emerged worldwide, posing a significant financial threat to major pig-producing countries. in the present study, a virulent korean pandemic pedv strain, knu-141112, was serially propagated in vero cells for up to 100 passages. through cell culture adaptation, we obtained four distinct deletion (del) mutants by plaque purification followed by nucleotide sequencing of the spike (s)/orf3 gene-coding region, which were designated knu-141112-s ...201728757031
coexistence of multiple genotypes of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus with novel mutant s genes in the hubei province of china in 2016.the emergence of highly virulent porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) variants in china caused huge economic losses in 2010. since then, large-scale sporadic outbreaks of ped caused by pedv variants have occasionally occurred in china. however, the molecular diversity and epidemiology of pedv in different provinces has not been completely understood. to determine the molecular diversity of pedv in the hubei province of china, we collected 172 ped samples from 34 farms across the province in 20 ...201728755162
evaluation of purified recombinant spike fragments for assessment of the presence of serum neutralizing antibodies against a variant strain of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus.since 2010, variant strains of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) have caused disasters in the pork industry. the spike (s) protein, as the major immunity-eliciting antigen, has previously been used for serological testing and has been found to correlate significantly with the results of the serum neutralization (sn) test. however, further evaluation of this method is needed as new epidemic strains of pedv emerge. hence, the main objective of this study was to assess sow sera and determine t ...201728744726
inhibition of nf-κb activity by the porcine epidemic diarrhea virus nonstructural protein 1 for innate immune evasion.porcine epidemic diarrhea virus emerged in the us is known to suppress the type i interferons response during infection. in the present study using porcine epithelial cells, we showed that pedv inhibited both nf-κb and proinflammatory cytokines. pedv blocked the p65 activation in infected cells and suppressed the prd ii-mediated nf-κb activity. of the total of 22 viral proteins, nine proteins were identified as nf-κb antagonists, and nsp1 was the most potent suppressor of proinflammatory cytokin ...201728715653
isolation and characterization of a new porcine epidemic diarrhea virus variant that occurred in korea in 2014.porcine epidemic diarrhea (ped) has caused significant economic losses in the swine industry, and another epidemic occurred recently in korea in 2014. isolating and culturing the ped virus (pedv) allow investigations into its pathogenesis and development of vaccines and diagnostic assays. in this study, we successfully isolated two pedv isolates (qiap1401 and qiap1402) from naturally infected piglets in jeju-do. viral propagation was confirmed in vero cells according to cytopathic effects, immun ...201728693308
porcine epidemic diarrhea in europe: in-detail analyses of disease dynamics and molecular epidemiology.porcine epidemic diarrhea (ped) is an acute and highly contagious enteric disease of swine caused by the eponymous virus (pedv) which belongs to the genus alphacoronavirus within the coronaviridae virus family. following the disastrous outbreaks in asia and the united states, pedv has been detected also in europe. in order to better understand the overall situation, the molecular epidemiology, and factors that might influence the most variable disease impact; 40 samples from swine feces were col ...201728684708
full-length genome sequence of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus strain ch/gx/2015/750a.we report here the complete genome sequence of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) strain ch/gx/2015/750a (750a), which was isolated from a suckling piglet with watery diarrhea in guangxi, china. the isolate is genetically close to other recent chinese variant pedvs and distinct from the classical pedvs.201728684562
the s2 glycoprotein subunit of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus contains immunodominant neutralizing epitopes.the porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) spike (s) protein is the major target of neutralizing antibodies against pedv. here immunodominant neutralizing epitopes of pedv were identified using a panel of s-specific monoclonal antibodies (mabs). ten of eleven s-specific mabs successfully neutralized pedv infectivity in vitro. notably, epitope mapping by peptide elisas revealed that nine of these mabs recognized linear neutralizing epitopes located in the n-terminus of the s2 glycoprotein subunit ...201728647506
a spike-specific whole-porcine antibody isolated from a porcine b cell that neutralizes both genogroup 1 and 2 pedv strains.porcine epidemic diarrhea (ped), caused by an alpha coronavirus, is a highly contagious disease and causes high morbidity and mortality in suckling piglets. isolating pedv neutralizing antibodies from porcine b cells is critical to elucidate the development of pedv neutralizing antibodies and the protective mechanism of pedv infection. here, we described the isolation of a pedv-neutralizing antibody from the b cell of a vaccinated pig. the antibody, named pc10, was demonstrated to target the con ...201728622871
down-regulating heat shock protein 27 is involved in porcine epidemic diarrhea virus escaping from host antiviral mechanism.porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv), is the etiological agent of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (ped), causes high mortality with severe vomiting, diarrhea, and dehydration in swine farms. in this study, the pedv strain 85-7 could be proliferated effectively in marc-145 cells, and caused a distinct inhibition of the expression of interferon-β (ifn-β, encoded by ifnb1), which suggested that a full understanding how this virus manipulates the host immune responses is critical in the fight agai ...201728622863
porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus with a recombinant s gene detected in hungary, 2016.porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (pedv) can cause a severe enteric disease affecting pigs of all ages. in january 2016, diarrhoea with occasional vomiting was observed in a small pig farm in hungary. all animals became affected, while mortality (of up to 30%) was only seen in piglets. samples from different age groups and the carcass of a piglet were examined by various methods including pathology, bacteriology and molecular biology. pedv was confirmed by pcr and its whole genome sequence was de ...201728605965
complete genome sequence of a novel s-insertion variant of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus from south korea.porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) is an emerging and re-emerging viral pathogen of pigs that is causing significant economic concerns in the global pork industry. the virulent g2b pedv subgroup, which was responsible for the 2013-2014 pandemics on the american and asian continents, hit jeju island in 2014, which had been pedv-free since 2004. this study presents molecular characterization of a novel pedv variant with a 5-amino acid (aa) insertion (dthpe) in the spike (s) gene (an s-insertio ...201728589511
rapid transient production of a monoclonal antibody neutralizing the porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) in nicotiana benthamiana and lactuca sativa.porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) causes acute diarrhea, vomiting, dehydration, weight loss, and high mortality rate in neonatal piglets. porcine epidemic diarrhea (ped) has been reported in europe, america, and asia including thailand. the disease causes substantial losses to the swine industry in many countries. presently, there is no effective pedv vaccine available. in this study, we developed a plant-produced monoclonal antibody (mab) 2c10 as a prophylactic candidate to prevent the ped ...201728575911
environmental persistence of porcine coronaviruses in feed and feed ingredients.porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv), porcine delta corona virus (pdcov), and transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) are major threats to swine health and contaminated feed plays a role in virus transmission. the objective of our study was to characterize inactivation of pedv, pdcov, and tgev in various feed ingredient matrices. samples of complete feed, spray dried porcine plasma, meat meal, meat and bone meal, blood meal, corn, soybean meal, and corn dried distillers grains with solubles ...201728542235
evaluation and comparison of the pathogenicity and host immune responses induced by a g2b taiwan porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (strain pintung 52) and its highly cell-culture passaged strain in conventional 5-week-old pigs.a genogroup 2b (g2b) porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) taiwan pintung 52 (pedvpt) strain was isolated in 2014. the pathogenicity and host antibody responses elicited by low-passage (passage 5; pedvpt-p5) and high-passage (passage 96; pedvpt-p96) pedvpt strains were compared in post-weaning pedv-seronegative pigs by oral inoculation. pedvpt-p5-inoculation induced typical diarrhea during 1-9 days post inoculation with fecal viral shedding persisting for 26 days. compared to pedvpt-p5, pedvpt- ...201728534849
antiviral escin derivatives from the seeds of aesculus turbinata blume (japanese horse chestnut).porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) causes severe diarrhea and high fatality of piglets, influencing the swine industry. japanese horse chestnut (seed of aesculus turbinata) contains many saponin mixtures, called escins, and has been used for a long time as a traditional medicinal plant. structure-activity relationship (sar) studies on escins have revealed that acylations at c-21 and c-22 with angeloyl or tigloyl groups were important for their cytotoxic effects. however, the strong cytotoxic ...201728527823
tmprss2 and mspl facilitate trypsin-independent porcine epidemic diarrhea virus replication in vero cells.type ii transmembrane serine proteases (ttsps) facilitate the spread and replication of viruses such as influenza and human coronaviruses, although it remains unclear whether ttsps play a role in the progression of animal coronavirus infections, such as that by porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv). in this study, ttsps including tmprss2, hat, desc1, and mspl were tested for their ability to facilitate pedv replication in vero cells. our results showed that tmprss2 and mspl played significant r ...201728524070
differential protein analysis of ipec-j2 cells infected with porcine epidemic diarrhea virus pandemic and classical strains elucidates the pathogenesis of infection.porcine epidemic diarrhea (ped) re-emerged in china in late 2010 and has now become widespread. accumulated evidence indicates that this large-scale outbreak of diarrhea was caused by variants of the highly virulent porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv). a pandemic pedv yc2014 strain (yc2014) was isolated from clinical samples. an itraq-based comparative quantitative proteomic study of ipec-j2 cells infected with yc2014 and a classical cv777 strain (cv777) was performed to determine the differe ...201728506058
deletion of a 197-amino-acid region in the n-terminal domain of spike protein attenuates porcine epidemic diarrhea virus in piglets.we previously isolated a porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) strain, pc177, by blind serial passaging of the intestinal contents of a diarrheic piglet in vero cell culture. compared with the highly virulent u.s. pedv strain pc21a, the tissue culture-adapted pc177 (tc-pc177) contains a 197-amino-acid (aa) deletion in the n-terminal domain of the spike (s) protein. we orally inoculated neonatal, conventional suckling piglets with tc-pc177 or pc21a to compare their pathogenicities. within 7 days ...201728490591
the role of orf3 accessory protein in replication of cell-adapted porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv).the orf3 accessory protein has been shown to impede reverse genetics of cell-culture-adapted porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv). its absence or truncated variants are also associated with viral attenuation in vivo. here, three orf3 variants (orf3np12, orf3np14 and orf3rb14) and their truncated counterparts were investigated for their regulatory role in recovery of cell-adapted pedv in vitro. we demonstrate that orf3np12, but not the truncated form, can inhibit recovery of reverse-genetics-de ...201728474223
neutralization of genotype 2 porcine epidemic diarrhea virus strains by a novel monoclonal antibody.porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) has two genotypes, g1 and g2. to research the immunogenicity differences of pedv g1 and g2 genotype strains and obtain a neutralizing monoclonal antibody (mab), we inoculated specific-pathogen-free balb/c mice with a newly emerged strain, pedv-lnct2. after immunizations, cells from the spleen of the mice were fused with sp2/0 myeloma cells. following culturing and subcloning, a strain, 1b9, secreting neutralizing antibody, was obtained. the 1b9 mab neutrali ...201728463713
protective effects of cell-free supernatant and live lactic acid bacteria isolated from thai pigs against a pandemic strain of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus.porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) is a coronavirus which causes severe diarrhea and fatal dehydration in piglets. in general, probiotic supplements could enhance recovery and protect piglets against enteric pathogens. seven local lactic acid bacteria (lab), (ent. faecium 79n and 40n, lact. plantarum 22f, 25f and 31f, ped. acidilactici 72n and ped. pentosaceus 77f) from pig feces were well-characterized as high potential probiotics. cell-free supernatants (cfs) and live lab were evaluated fo ...201728434154
efficacy of an accelerated hydrogen peroxide disinfectant to inactivate porcine epidemic diarrhea virus in swine feces on metal surfaces.in may of 2013, porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) was detected in swine for the first time in north america. it spread rapidly, in part due to contaminated livestock trailers. the objective of this study was to test the efficacy of an accelerated hydrogen peroxide disinfectant for inactivating pedv in the presence of feces on metal surfaces, such as those found in livestock trailers. three-week-old barrows were inoculated intragastrically with 5 ml of pedv-negative feces for the negative co ...201728408777
discovery of a novel swine enteric alphacoronavirus (seacov) in southern china.outbreaks of diarrhea in newborn piglets without detection of transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev), porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) and porcine deltacoronavirus (pdcov), have been recorded in a pig farm in southern china since february 2017. isolation and propagation of the pathogen in cell culture resulted in discovery of a novel swine enteric alphacoronavirus (tentatively named seacov) related to the bat coronavirus hku2 identified in the same region a decade ago. specific fluores ...201729102111
tracking the origin and deciphering the phylogenetic relationship of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus in ecuador.in 2010, new chinese strains of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv), clinically more severe than the classical strains, emerged. these strains were spread to united states in 2013 through an intercontinental transmission from china with further spreading across the world, evidencing the emergent nature of these strains. in the present study, an analysis of pedv field sequences from ecuador was conducted by comparing all the pedv s gene sequences available in the genbank database. phylogenetic ...201729379796
evaluation of the efficacy of a commercial inactivated genogroup 2b-based porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) vaccine and experimental live genogroup 1b exposure against 2b challenge.porcine epidemic diarrhea virus strains from the g1b cluster are considered less pathogenic compared to the g2b cluster. the aim of this study was to compare the ability of g1b-based live virus exposure against use of a commercial g2b-based inactivated vaccine to protect growing pigs against g2b challenge. thirty-nine pedv naïve pigs were randomly divided into five groups: exp-im-1b (intramuscular g1b exposure; g2b challenge), exp-oral-1b (oral g1b exposure; g2b challenge), vac-im-2b (intramuscu ...201729073936
molecular characterization of the spike gene of the porcine epidemic diarrhea virus in mexico, 2013-2016.in mexico, the first outbreaks suggestive of the circulation of the porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) were identified at the beginning of july 2013. to identify the molecular characteristics of the pedv spike (s) gene in mexico, 116 samples of the intestine and diarrhea of piglets with clinical signs of porcine epidemic diarrhea (ped) were obtained. samples were collected from 14 farms located in six states of mexico (jalisco, puebla, sonora, veracruz, guanajuato, and michoacán) from 2013 t ...201729243063
middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus nonstructural protein 16 is necessary for interferon resistance and viral pathogenesis.coronaviruses (covs) encode a mixture of highly conserved and novel genes, as well as genetic elements necessary for infection and pathogenesis, raising the possibility of common targets for attenuation and therapeutic design. in this study, we focused on highly conserved nonstructural protein 16 (nsp16), a viral 2'o-methyltransferase (2'o-mtase) that encodes critical functions in immune modulation and infection. using reverse genetics, we disrupted a key motif in the conserved kdke motif of mid ...201729152578
genetic and pathogenic characterization of a novel reassortant mammalian orthoreovirus 3 (mrv3) from a diarrheic piglet and seroepidemiological survey of mrv3 in diarrheic pigs from east china.mammalian orthoreoviruses (mrvs), which cause gastrointestinal and respiratory illness, have been isolated from a wide variety of mammalian species including bats, minks, pigs and humans. here we report the isolation and genetic and pathogenic characterization of a novel mrv type 3 (mrv3), named mrv-zj2013, from the diarrheic feces of piglets in zhejiang province, china. genomic and phylogenetic analysis shows that mrv-zj2013 may have originated from reassortments among mink, bat, and pig mrvs, ...201728888627
identification of an enterovirus recombinant with a torovirus-like gene insertion during a diarrhea outbreak in fattening pigs.diarrhea outbreaks in pig farms have raised major concerns in europe and usa, as they can lead to dramatic pig losses. during a suspected outbreak in belgium of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv), we performed viral metagenomics to assess other potential viral pathogens. although pedv was detected, its low abundance indicated that other viruses were involved in the outbreak. interestingly, a porcine bocavirus and several enteroviruses were most abundant in the sample. we also observed the pr ...201728924489
a simple and rapid identification method for newly emerged porcine deltacoronavirus with loop-mediated isothermal amplification.porcine deltacoronavirus (pdcov) is a newly emerged enteropathogenic coronavirus that causes diarrhea and mortality in neonatal piglets. pdcov has spread to many countries around the world, leading to significant economic losses in the pork industry. therefore, a rapid and sensitive method for detection of pdcov in clinical samples is urgently needed.201728934984
detection and phylogenetic analyses of spike genes in porcine epidemic diarrhea virus strains circulating in china in 2016-2017.large-scale outbreaks of porcine epidemic diarrhea (ped) have re-emerged in china in recent years. however, little is known about the genetic diversity and molecular epidemiology of field strains of ped virus (pedv) in china in 2016-2017. to address this issue, in this study, 116 diarrhea samples were collected from pig farms in 6 chinese provinces in 2016-2017 and were detected using pcr for main porcine enteric pathogens, including pedv, porcine deltacoronavirus (pdcov), porcine transmissible ...201729017599
transmissible gastroenteritis virus papain-like protease 1 antagonizes production of interferon-βthrough its deubiquitinase activity.coronaviruses (covs), such as human coronavirus nl63 (hcov-nl63), severe acute respiratory syndrome cov (sars-cov), murine hepatitis virus (mhv), porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv), and middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov), encode papain-like (pl) proteases that inhibit sendai virus- (sev-) induced interferon (ifn-β) production. recently, the crystal structure of transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) pl1 has been solved, which was similar to that of sars-cov pl2pro, w ...201729201911
altered gut microbiota profiles in sows and neonatal piglets associated with porcine epidemic diarrhea virus infection.porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) is a devastating cause of diarrhea in pigs worldwide. most of studies have focused on molecular and pathogenic characterization of pedv, whereas there were limited studies in understanding the role of gut microbiota (gm) in viral-associated diarrhea. here, using the illumina miseq platform, we examined and compared the impact of pedv infection on the gm of sows and their piglets less than 10 days old. our results showed that pedv caused alternations in the ...201729234140
effectiveness of composting as a biosecure disposal method for porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv)-infected pig carcasses.porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) is an enteric disease of swine that has emerged as a worldwide threat to swine herd health and production. substantial research has been conducted to assess viability of the virus on surfaces of vehicles and equipment, in feed and water, and on production building surfaces, but little is known about the persistence in pedv-infected carcasses and effective disposal methods thereof. this study was conducted to quantify the persistence of pedv rna via quantita ...201729209511
dietary probiotic compound improves reproductive performance of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus-infected sows reared in a japanese commercial swine farm under vaccine control condition.lactogenic immunity transferred to piglets after inoculation of a live vaccine to pregnant sows was proved limited to control porcine epidemic diarrhea (ped). hence, here we evaluated the efficacy of administration of a probiotic compound containingbacillus mesentericus, clostridium butyricum, andenterococcus faecalistogether with a commercial live-attenuated ped vaccine (nisseiken ped live vaccine, nisseiken, tokyo, japan) to improve the health and reproductive performance of ped-infected sows. ...201729312349
poly (d,l-lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticle-entrapped vaccine induces a protective immune response against porcine epidemic diarrhea virus infection in piglets.porcine epidemic diarrhea (ped) causes 80-100% mortality in neonatal piglets, and its causative agent, the porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv), poses an important threat to the swine industry worldwide. in this study, we prepared biodegradable poly (d,l-lactide-co-glycolide) (plga) nanoparticle-entrapped pedv killed vaccine antigens (kag) (plga-kag). late-term pregnant sows were intranasally inoculated with plga-kag, and the mortality resulting from challenge with highly virulent pedv was inv ...201729102169
effects of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus infection on nursery pig intestinal function and barrier integrity.the pig intestinal epithelium can be compromised by pathogens leading to reduced integrity and function. porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv), recently detected in north america, exemplifies intestinal epithelial insult. although several studies have investigated the molecular aspects and host immune response to pedv, there are little data on the impact of pedv on pig intestinal physiology. the objective of this study was to investigate the longitudinal impact of pedv on nursery pig intestinal ...201729102122
cell attenuated porcine epidemic diarrhea virus strain zhejiang08 provides effective immune protection attributed to dendritic cell stimulation.since 2010, the porcine epidemic diarrhea coronavirus (pedv) has caused significant damage to the global pork industry. however, classical pedv vaccine strains only provide limited protection against emerging strains. in this study, we successfully isolated and attenuated the pedv epidemic strain zhejiang08, which was characterized by good cell adaptation and high-titer production 48 h post infection in vero e6 cells. the attenuated virus induced a high level of virus-specific neutralizing antib ...201729100707
characterizing the rapid spread of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) through an animal food manufacturing facility.new regulatory and consumer demands highlight the importance of animal feed as a part of our national food safety system. porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) is the first viral pathogen confirmed to be widely transmissible in animal food. because the potential for viral contamination in animal food is not well characterized, the objectives of this study were to 1) observe the magnitude of virus contamination in an animal food manufacturing facility, and 2) investigate a proposed method, feed ...201729095859
oral delivery of probiotics expressing dendritic cell-targeting peptide fused with porcine epidemic diarrhea virus coe antigen: a promising vaccine strategy against pedv.porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv), an enteric coronavirus, is the causative agent of porcine epidemic diarrhea (ped) that damages intestinal epithelial cells and results in severe diarrhea and dehydration in neonatal suckling pigs with up to 100% mortality. the oral vaccine route is reported as a promising approach for inducing protective immunity against pedv invasion. furthermore, dendritic cells (dcs), professional antigen-presenting cells, link humoral and cellular immune responses for ...201729068402
complete genome sequence of a porcine epidemic diarrhea virus isolated in belgorod, russia, in 2008.we identified porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) in stool samples from sick piglets in the belgorod region of russia. the complete coding genome sequence of 28,295 nucleotides (nt) of pedv was generated. compared to a prototype pedv strain (dr13), an extreme number of mismatches in the s gene were revealed.201729025931
development of rapid immunochromatographic strip test for the detection of porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus.porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (pedv) causes acute and severe watery diarrhoea and dehydration, as well as 50-100 per cent mortality in piglets. for the pedv diagnosis, a rapid test kit that is specific and sensitive to pedv is critical to monitor this disease at pig farms. the present study aimed to develop an immunochromatographic assay (ica) strip test for detecting pedv in faecal swabs. the newly developed diagnostic test showed a detection limit of 104.0tcid50/ml of pedv. using faecal swa ...201728993477
cross protective immune responses in nursing piglets infected with a us spike-insertion deletion porcine epidemic diarrhea virus strain and challenged with an original us pedv strain.we investigated cross-protective immunity of a us spike-insertion deletion porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) iowa106 (s-indel) strain against the original us pedv (pc21a) strain in nursing piglets. piglets were inoculated orally with s-indel, pc21a or mock. at 20-29 days post-inoculation (dpi), all pigs were challenged with the pc21a strain. the s-indel-inoculated pigs had lower ileal iga antibody secreting cells, serum iga and neutralizing antibody titers compared with pc21a-inoculated pig ...201728985754
[advances in reverse genetics to treat porcine epidemic diarrhea virus].porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) is one of the major etiologies responsible for the acute, highly contagious disease in the digestive tract of pigs, especially neonatal piglets. since pedv was first identified in europe in the late 1970s, it has resulted in significant economic losses in many asian swine-raising countries, including china. recently, reverse genetics techniques including targeted rna recombination, bacteria artificial chromosome system and in vitro ligation have been succes ...201728956377
two novel porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) recombinants from a natural recombinant and distinct subtypes of pedv variants.porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) causes devastating impact on global pig-breeding industry and current vaccines have become not effective against the circulating pedv variants since 2011. during the up-to-date investigation of pedv prevalence in fujian china 2016, pedv was identified in vaccinated pig farms suffering severe diarrhea while other common diarrhea-associated pathogens were not detected. complete genomes of two pedv representatives (xm1-2 and xm2-4) were determined. genomic com ...201728947336
immunogenicity of egfp-marked recombinant lactobacillus casei against transmissible gastroenteritis virus and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus.porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) are the causative agents of highly fatal acute diarrhea in pigs, resulting in enormous losses in the pig industry worldwide. to develop an effective bivalent oral vaccine against tgev and pedv infection, the d antigenic site of the tgev spike (s) protein and the major antigen site (core neutralizing epitope-coe) of the pedv s protein were used as immunogens, and the enhanced green fluorescent protein (e ...201728946696
survival of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) in thermally treated feed ingredients and on surfaces.infection with porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) causes vomiting, diarrhea, and dehydration in young pigs. the virus made its first appearance in the u.s. in 2013, where it caused substantial neonatal mortality and economic losses in the u.s. pork industry. based on outbreak investigations, it is hypothesized that the virus could be transmitted through contaminated feed or contaminated feed surfaces. this potential risk created a demand for research on the inactivation kinetics of pedv in d ...201728932412
efficacy and immunogenicity of recombinant swinepox virus expressing the truncated s protein of a novel isolate of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus.porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) causes significant loss to the swine industry. the emergence of novel pedv strains in recent years has decreased the effectiveness of pedv vaccines. we have developed a live recombinant vaccine, a swinepox virus vector that expresses a truncated s protein (rspv-st) from a recent pedv strain, sq2014, and evaluated its immunogenicity and effectiveness in a swine model. vaccination of swine with rspv-st elicited a robust antibody response specific for the homo ...201728916870
porcine epidemic diarrhea virus does not replicate in porcine monocyte-derived dendritic cells, but activates the transcription of type i interferon and chemokine.porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) belongs to the alphacoronavirus of the coronaviridae. it is the major etiological agent of the recent outbreaks of piglet diarrhea and death in the us. limited knowledge is currently available regarding the role of dendritic cells in pedv infection. here, we observed that pedv did not replicate in monocyte-derived dendritic cells as evidenced by the decrease of viral gene transcript copies in infected cells by qrt-pcr and the absence of viral proteins by im ...201728888653
cellular cholesterol is required for porcine nidovirus infection.porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) are porcine nidoviruses that are considered emerging and re-emerging viral pathogens of pigs that pose a significant economic threat to the global pork industry. although cholesterol is known to affect the replication of a broad range of viruses in vitro, its significance and role in porcine nidovirus infection remains to be elucidated. therefore, the present study was conducted to determine wh ...201728884395
ultrastructural characterization of membrane rearrangements induced by porcine epidemic diarrhea virus infection.the porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) is acoronavirus(cov) belonging to theα-covgenus and it causes high mortality in infected sucking piglets, resulting in substantial losses in the farming industry.covtrigger a drastic reorganization of host cell membranes to promote their replication and egression, but a detailed description of the intracellular remodeling induced by pedv is still missing. in this study, we examined qualitatively and quantitatively, using electron microscopy, the intrace ...201728872588
antiviral compounds against nucleocapsid protein of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus.porcine epidemic diarrhea (ped) is a severe diarrhea disease in swine that is caused by porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv). nucleocapsid (n) protein is the rna-binding protein of pedv, which plays an important role for virus life cycle. the aim of this research was to screen and characterize the compounds that could inhibit the activity of pedv n protein. the gene encoding pedv n protein obtained from pedv thai isolate was cloned and expressed in e. coli. its amino acid sequence was employed ...201727791596
an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the identification of antibodies to senecavirus a in swine.senecavirus a (sva), a member of the family picornaviridae, genus senecavirus, is a recently identified single-stranded rna virus closely related to members of the cardiovirus genus. sva was originally identified as a cell culture contaminant and was not associated with disease until 2007 when it was first observed in pigs with idiopathic vesicular disease (ivd). vesicular disease is sporadically observed in swine, is not debilitating, but is significant due to its resemblance to foreign animal ...201728202026
development of the full-length cdna clones of two porcine epidemic diarrhea disease virus isolates with different virulence.the recently emerged highly virulent variants of porcine epidemic and diarrhea virus (pedv) remain a huge threat to the worldwide swine industry. here, we describe the development of a bacterial artificial chromosome (bac) reverse genetics system for pedv based on two recent chinese field isolates, namely chm2013 and bj2011c. phylogenetically, chm2013 is closely related to the vaccine strain sm98 whereas the isolate bj2011c belongs to the giib group, a cluster that contains many recent pandemic ...201728301551
the wide spectrum high biocidal potency of bioxy formulation when dissolved in water at different concentrations.traditional surface disinfectants that have long been applied in medicine, animal husbandry, manufacturing and institutions are inconvenient at best and dangerous at worst. moreover, some of these substances have adverse environmental impacts: for example, quaternary ammonium compounds ("quats") are reproductive toxicants in both fish and mammals. halogens are corrosive both to metals and living tissues, are highly reactive, can be readily neutralized by metals, and react with organic matter to ...201728207828
genomic organization and recombination analysis of a porcine sapovirus identified from a piglet with diarrhea in china.sapovirus (sav), a member of the family caliciviridae, is an etiologic agent of gastroenteritis in humans and pigs. to date, both intra- and inter-genogroup recombinant strains have been reported in many countries except for china. here, we report an intra-genogroup recombination of porcine sav identified from a piglet with diarrhea of china.201728302145
aminopeptidase n is not required for porcine epidemic diarrhea virus cell entry.porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) is an emerging pathogenic coronavirus that causes a significant economic burden to the swine industry. the virus infects the intestinal epithelium and causes villous atrophy, resulting in diarrhea and dehydration. interaction of the viral spike (s) surface glycoprotein - through its s1 subunit - with the host cell receptor is the first step in infection and the main determinant for virus tropism. as for several other alphacoronaviruses including the porcine ...201728363778
cell attachment domains of the pedv spike protein are key targets of neutralizing antibodies.porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) causes enteric disease in pigs resulting in significant economic loss to the swine industry worldwide. current vaccination approaches against this emerging coronavirus are only partially effective, though natural infection protects pigs against re-infection and provides lactogenic immunity to suckling piglets. the viral spike (s) glycoprotein, responsible for receptor binding and cell entry, is the major target for neutralizing antibodies. however, knowledg ...201728381581
evaluation of biosecurity measures to prevent indirect transmission of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus.the effectiveness of biosecurity methods to mitigate the transmission of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) via farm personnel or contaminated fomites is poorly understood. this study was undertaken to evaluate the effectiveness of biosecurity procedures directed at minimizing transmission via personnel following different biosecurity protocols using a controlled experimental setting.201728381304
effect of pelleting on survival of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus-contaminated feed.porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) is a heat-sensitive virus that has devastated the u.s. swine industry. because of its heat sensitivity, we hypothesized that a steam conditioner and pellet mill mimicking traditional commercial thermal processing may mitigate pedv infectivity. pelleting, a common feed processing method, includes the use of steam and shear forces, resulting in increased temperature of the processed feed. two thermal processing experiments were designed to determine if differ ...201728380543
calves are susceptible to infection with the newly emerged porcine deltacoronavirus, but not with the swine enteric alphacoronavirus, porcine epidemic diarrhea virus.fecal virus shedding, seroconversion and histopathology were evaluated in 3-7-year-old gnotobiotic calves orally inoculated with porcine deltacoronavirus (pdcov) (9.0-9.6 log10 genomic equivalents [ge] of oh-fd22-p5; n=4) or porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) (10.2-12.5 log10 ge of pc21a; n=3). in pdcov-inoculated calves, an acute but persisting fecal viral rna shedding and pdcov-specific serum igg antibody responses were observed, but without lesions or clinical disease. however, no fecal s ...201728374120
assessment of air sampling methods and size distribution of virus-laden aerosols in outbreaks in swine and poultry farms.swine and poultry viruses, such as porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv), porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv), and highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (hpaiv), are economically important pathogens that can spread via aerosols. the reliability of methods for quantifying particle-associated viruses as well as the size distribution of aerosolized particles bearing these viruses under field conditions are not well documented. we compared the performance of 2 size-differe ...201728363251
porcine epidemic diarrhea virus virus-like particles produced in insect cells induce specific immune responses in mice.porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv), which causes 80-100% mortality in neonatal piglets, is one of the most devastating viral diseases affecting swine worldwide. to date, the lack of effective vaccines and drugs is the main problem preventing control of the global spread of pedv. in this study, we produced pedv virus-like particles (vlps) composed of s, m, and e proteins with a baculovirus expression system and tested them via indirect immunofluorescence assay (ifa)and western blot analysis. ...201728357676
the detection and phylogenetic analysis of porcine deltacoronavirus from guangdong province in southern china.porcine deltacoronavirus (pdcov) is a newly discovered coronavirus that causes diarrhoea, vomiting and dehydration in sucking and nursing piglets. it was first reported in hong kong in 2012 and has since been discovered in the united states, canada, south korea, mainland china, thailand and laos. pdcov has been experimentally proved to lead to diarrhoea in swine and it was detected positive in pigs in guangdong, southern china. in our study, 252 faecal and intestinal samples from sucking piglets ...201728345292
porcine epidemic diarrhea virus induces autophagy to benefit its replication.the new porcine epidemic diarrhea (ped) has caused devastating economic losses to the swine industry worldwide. despite extensive research on the relationship between autophagy and virus infection, the concrete role of autophagy in porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) infection has not been reported. in this study, autophagy was demonstrated to be triggered by the effective replication of pedv through transmission electron microscopy, confocal microscopy, and western blot analysis. moreover, a ...201728335505
il-22 suppresses the infection of porcine enteric coronaviruses and rotavirus by activating stat3 signal pathway.interleukin-22 (il-22), a member of the il-10 superfamily, plays essential roles in fighting against mucosal microbial infection and maintaining mucosal barrier integrity within the intestine. however, little knowledge exists on the ability of porcine il-22 (pil-22) to fight against viral infection in the gut. in this study, we found that recombinant mature pil-22 (mpil-22) inhibited the infection of multiple diarrhea viruses, including alpha coronavirus, porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv), ...201728322925
michael acceptor-based peptidomimetic inhibitor of main protease from porcine epidemic diarrhea virus.porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) causes high mortality in pigs. pedv main protease (m(pro)) plays an essential role in viral replication. we solved the structure of pedv m(pro) complexed with peptidomimetic inhibitor n3 carrying a michael acceptor warhead, revealing atomic level interactions. we further designed a series of 17 inhibitors with altered side groups. inhibitors m2 and m17 demonstrated enhanced specificity against pedv m(pro). these compounds have potential as future therapeuti ...201728287727
attenuation of an original us porcine epidemic diarrhea virus strain pc22a via serial cell culture passage.although porcine epidemic diarrhea (ped) has caused huge economic losses in the pork industry worldwide, an effective live, attenuated vaccine is lacking. in this study, an original us, highly virulent ped virus (pedv) strain pc22a was serially passaged in vero ccl81 and vero bi cells. the virus growth kinetics in cell culture, virulence in neonatal pigs and the whole genomic sequences of selected passages were examined. increased virus titers and sizes of syncytia were observed at the 65th pass ...201728284624
characterization of chinese porcine epidemic diarrhea virus with novel insertions and deletions in genome.outbreaks of porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (pedv) have caused great economic losses to the global pig industry. pedv strains with variants in the spike (s) gene have been reported in several countries. to better understand the molecular epidemiology and genetic diversity of pedv field isolates, in this study, we characterised the complete genome sequence of a novel pedv variant jscz1601 from a outbreak in china in 2016. the pedv isolate was 28,033 nucleotides (nt) in length without the polyad ...201728276526
tight junction protein occludin is a porcine epidemic diarrhea virus entry factor.porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv), the causative agent of porcine epidemic diarrhea, has caused huge economic losses in pig-producing countries. although it was long believed to replicate in the intestinal epithelium using aminopeptidase n as a receptor, the mechanisms of pedv infection are not fully characterized. in this study, we found that pedv infection of epithelial cells resulted in the disruption of the tight junctional distribution of occludin to the intracellular localization. ove ...201728275187
immune response of gilts to single and double infection with porcine epidemic diarrhea virus.immune response of gilts following single and double infection with porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) at gilt acclimatization and prepartum were investigated. one hundred pedv-naïve gilts were divided into two groups: negative (neg) and feedback (fb) groups. antibody responses in serum, colostrum, and milk samples were measured by igg/iga elisa and virus neutralization assay (vn). fecal shedding was investigated using rt-pcr. in summary, a single infection at gilt acclimatization resulted i ...201728271162
n-acetylcysteine supplementation alleviates intestinal injury in piglets infected by porcine epidemic diarrhea virus.porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) infects the intestine of young pigs, but effective measures for prevention and treatment are lacking. n-acetylcysteine (nac) has been shown to reduce endotoxin-induced intestinal dysfunction. this study was conducted with the pedv-infected neonatal piglet model to determine the effect of nac supplementation on intestinal function. thirty-two 7-day-old piglets were randomly allocated to one of four treatments in a 2 × 2 factorial design consisting of two liq ...201728258325
complete genome sequence of variant porcine epidemic diarrhea virus strain ch/hnzz47/2016 isolated from suckling piglets in china.porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) could cause an acute and highly contagious enteric disease in swine. here, we report the complete genome sequence of pedv strain ch/hnzz47/2016 isolated from suckling piglets with mild diarrhea in henan province, china. it will help understand the molecular and evolutionary characteristics of pedv in china.201728254990
porcine deltacoronavirus nsp5 antagonizes type i interferon signaling by cleaving stat2.porcine deltacoronavirus (pdcov) is an emerging swine enteropathogenic coronavirus. the first outbreak of pdcov was announced from the united states in 2014, followed by reports in asia. the nonstructural protein nsp5 is a 3c-like protease of coronavirus and our previous study showed that pdcov nsp5 inhibits type i interferon (ifn) production. in this study, we found that pdcov nsp5 significantly inhibited ifn-stimulated response element (isre) promoter activity and transcription of ifn-stimulat ...201728250121
evolutionary and epidemiological analyses based on spike genes of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus circulating in thailand in 2008-2015.porcine epidemic diarrhea (ped) has been endemic causing sporadic outbreaks in thailand since 2007. in 2014-2015, several herds had experienced severe ped outbreaks and the reason of the re-current outbreaks was unknown. whether or not the introduction of exotic strains or continual evolution of existing pedv, genetic analyses would provide a more understanding in its evolutionary pattern. in the study, 117 complete spike gene sequences of thai ped virus (pedv) collected from 2008 to 2015 were c ...201728235643
first isolation and genetic characteristics of porcine sapeloviruses in hunan, china.outbreaks of diarrhea in piglets cause serious economic consequences in china. diarrhetic fecal samples from 20 hunan farm piglets were tested and found to be positive for porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) by rt-pcr, although incubation with porcine kidney (pk-15) cells failed to produce infectious pedv. four porcine sapelovirus (psv) strains (designated as psv-huns) were isolated from four of the samples. genomic sequence analysis revealed open reading frames encoding polyproteins of 2,331 ...201728213873
reactivity of anti-pedv structural protein antibodies to porcine enteric coronaviruses: diagnostic implications.the development of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) antibody-based assays is important for detecting infected animals, confirming previous virus exposure, and monitoring sow herd immunity. however, the potential cross-reactivity among porcine coronaviruses is a major concern for the development of pathogen-specific assays. in this study, we used serum samples (n = 792) from pigs of precisely known infection status and a multiplex fluorescent microbead-based immunoassay and/or enzyme-linked ...201728202790
comparison and evaluation of conventional rt-pcr, sybr green i and taqman real-time rt-pcr assays for the detection of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus.porcine epidemic diarrhea (ped) caused by porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) is a highly contagious intestinal disease, resulting in substantial economic losses to the swine industry worldwide. in this study, three assays, namely a conventional reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr), a sybr green i real-time rt-pcr and a taqman real-time rt-pcr targeting the highly conserved m gene of pedv, were developed and evaluated. then, the analytical specificity, sensitivity and repr ...201728188840
two distinct genotypes of porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus in vaccinated pig flocks in shandong province of china, 2012-2015.as one of the top pork producers in china, shandong province suffered frequent outbreaks of porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (pedv) on pig farms from january 2012 to july 2015, resulting in significant economic losses. to better understand the prevalence situation, we conducted molecular epidemiological analyses of 38 pedv strains isolated from 13 cities in shandong province. the detection rate of pedv was 71.2% (146/205) by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr). the s genes o ...201728188693
nursery pig growth performance and tissue accretion modulation due to porcine epidemic diarrhea virus or porcine deltacoronavirus challenge.porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) and porcine deltacoronavirus (pdcov) are both members of the family which induce clinical signs of diarrhea, dehydration, and in some circumstances, mortality. most research has been focused on isolation, genome sequencing, pathogenicity, and virulence of these viruses, but there is little information on long-term growth performance and tissue accretion of pigs inoculated with pedv or pdcov. therefore, our objective was to determine the effect of pedv or pd ...201728177368
glycyrrhizin inhibits porcine epidemic diarrhea virus infection and attenuates the proinflammatory responses by inhibition of high mobility group box-1 protein.porcine epidemic diarrhea (ped), caused by porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) infection, leads to significant economic losses in the swine industry worldwide. in our studies, we found that glycyrrhizin, the major component of licorice root extracts, could moderately inhibit pedv infection in vero cells, when analyzed by western blot, qrt-pcr and a plaque formation assay. we also revealed that glycyrrhizin inhibited the entry and replication of pedv. in addition, we demonstrated that glycyrrh ...201728175983
goblet cell depletion in small intestinal villous and crypt epithelium of conventional nursing and weaned pigs infected with porcine epidemic diarrhea virus.intestinal goblet cells secret mucins to form mucus layers critical for maintaining the integrity of the intestinal epithelium. porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) causes watery diarrhea and high mortality of suckling pigs. pedv mainly infects villous epithelial cells of the small intestine, and infected cells undergo acute, massive necrosis, followed by severe villous atrophy. conventional 9-day-old nursing pigs [pedv-inoculated (n=9); mock (n=11)] and 26-day-old weaned [pedv-inoculated (n=1 ...201728159230
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