Publications

pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis in young immunocompetent infants.	of 67 infants enrolled in a prospective study of infant pneumonia ten (14%) had evidence of pneumocystis carinii infection. diagnosis was achieved by demonstrating circulating p carinii antigens by counterimmunoelectrophoresis in all ten cases and by histopathology in the only infant who underwent an open lung biopsy. antigenemia did not occur in 64 control infants (p = .003), nor in 57 patients of similar age who were hospitalized with pneumonitis due to chlamydia trachomatis, respiratory syncy ...	1980	6967588
respiratory syncytial virus activity in the united kingdom, 1979.		1980	7185918
[prospects of respiratory syncytial virus vaccines].	the latest vaccines for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) are reviewed. a ts-1 variant is being studied in the attempt to complete the attenuation of the vaccine strain. further investigations of live rsv vaccine administered parenterally indicate that a target population over 6 months of age could benefit soon of this preparation.	1980	7247482
possible transmission by fomites of respiratory syncytial virus.	to test whether nosocomial spread of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) could occur through contact with environmental surfaces contaminated by rsv-infected nasal secretions, survival in the environment of rsv isolated from media, pooled adult secretions, and secretions from hospitalized infants was examined. rsv in freshly obtained infant secretions was recovered from countertops for up to 6 hr, from rubber gloves for up to 1 1/2 hr, from cloth gowns and paper tissue for 30--45 min, and from ski ...	1980	7365274
the antibody response to primary and secondary infection with respiratory syncytial virus: kinetics of class-specific responses.	serum antibody responses to primary and secondary infections with respiratory syncytial virus were determined in 67 hospitalized infants. responses in igg, igm, and iga immunoglobulin fractions were assayed using an indirect immunofluorescent technique. infection was confirmed by identification of rsv antigen in nasopharyngeal secretions using indirect immunofluorescence, and by recovery of the virus in tissue culture. igm specific antibody response was commonly observed within a few days of ons ...	1980	7365579
the age dependence of respiratory syncytial virus growth in ferret lung can be shown in organ and monolayer cultures.		1980	7371226
systemic cell-mediated and antibody responses in infants with respiratory syncytial virus infections.	in order to investigate the possible role of immunity in lower respiratory tract disease of infants produced by respiratory syncytial (rs) virus, 18 hospitalized infants were tested for cell-mediated immune (cmi) responses in a whole blood culture assay utilizing a gamma emitting tracer, 5(125i) iodo-2'-deoxyuridine [125iudr] to quantitate cellular proliferative responses to virus antigen. class-specific antiviral antibody titres were determined in an indirect membrane immunofluorescence test. o ...	1980	7373288
how to contain respiratory syncytial virus.		1980	7382084
purification and polypeptides of respiratory syncytial virus.		1980	7392979
concurrent respiratory syncytial virus and influenza a infections in the institutionalized elderly and chronically ill.	during a community outbreak of respiratory syncytial virus and influenza a/texas/77 infections, we investigated 71 cases of upper respiratory illness at a chronic disease hospital using a surveillance system plus viral and serologic studies. of the 32 patients with an etiologic diagnosis, seven had respiratory syncytial virus, 24 had influenza, and one had dual infections with respiratory syncytial virus and influenza. no definite etiologic diagnosis was made in the remaining 39 patients. a comp ...	1980	7396314
effects of ribavirin on respiratory syncytial virus in vitro.	ribavirin was demonstrated to have an antiviral effect on respiratory syncytial virus in vitro. a 50% reduction in plaque number was observed at concentrations of 3 or 10 micrograms of ribavirin per ml. this effect was observed when the drug was added as late as 12 h postinfection. at concentrations of greater than 10 micrograms of ribavirin per ml, the size of the syncytial plaque also noticeably decreased. ribavirin similarly decreased the number of infectious units released into the culture s ...	1980	7396465
the stabilization and purification of respiratory syncytial virus using mgso4.		1980	7414957
morphogenesis and structure of caprine respiratory syncytial virus.	cell cultures inoculated with caprine respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) were studied with light, fluorescent, and electron microscopy to determine the morphogenesis and structure of the virus. small syncytia were seen after 36 hours in culture. after 48 hours in culture, syncytia were large and numerous and pleomorphic cytoplasmic inclusions were seen. these inclusions were more pronounced and numerous later in the infection cycle. indirect immunofluorescence revealed a diffuse to granular cytop ...	1980	7416970
the appearance of cell-bound ige in respiratory-tract epithelium after respiratory-syncytial-virus infection.	we studied the appearance of ige in the respiratory tract in 42 infants and young children with various forms of respiratory illness after infection by respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). ige was bound to exfoliated nasopharyngeal epithelial cells in most patients with rsv infection during the acute phase of infection, regardless of the form of illness. however, the continued presence of cell-bound ige was more common in patients with rsv-induced bronchiolitis or asthma than in patients with mild ...	1980	7421946
[bronchiolitis].	is an acute bronchial, obstructive disease of the infant caused mainly by the respiratory syncytial virus. it appears epidemically preceded by infections of the upper respiratory ducts, followed by coughing, dysnea, expiratory sibilants, suprasternal and subcostal during inspiration and radiologic evidences of choneking. in the differential diagnosis the physician must consider pulmonary dysgenesis, diaphragmatic hernia, congenital lobar emphysema, congenital cardiopathy, pneumothorax, obstructi ...	1980	7426129
outbreak of respiratory syncytial virus infection in the elderly.		1980	7427656
metabolic requirements for the maturation of respiratory syncytial virus.	the metabolic processes required for maturation of respiratory syncytial (rs) virus was determined by testing with metabolic inhibitors in hela cells that had been trypsinized 18 h p.i. although > 90% of the virus synthesized by that time remained cell-associated, treatment with trypsin inactivated at least 90% of the cell-associated virus. the trypsinized cells, when re-plated in virus growth medium, immediately resumed virus synthesis and this continued exponentially for at least 10 h, during ...	1980	7441215
experimental infection of calves with bovine respiratory syncytial virus (quebec strain).	an experiment was designed to evaluate the clinical, haematological, viral and serological aspects of bovine respiratory syncytial virus infection in calves. eleven calves were inoculated intranasally with bovine respiratory syncytial virus (quebec strain) in aerosol. clinical, haemotological and serological responses of the calves and virus shedding were monitored. the experimentally infected animals manifested moderate to severe signs of respiratory disease. the parameters used to evaluate the ...	1980	7448628
respiratory syncytial virus infections in madras.		1980	7461760
nucleic acids of respiratory syncytial virus.	analysis of purified respiratory syncytial virus revealed that the virion rna was composed of 50s, 28s, 18s, and 4s species. the 18s and 28s species were presumed to represent host rrna since virus grown in actinomycin d-treated cells contained only 50s and 4s rnas. actinomycin d treatment stimulated production of infectious respiratory syncytial virus 5- to 10-fold. the 50s virion rna was shown to hybridize with polyadenylated mrna's isolated from infected cells, indicating that respiratory syn ...	1980	7463558
the possible role of respiratory syncytial virus and pasteurella spp in calf respiratory disease.	in a natural outbreak of respiratory disease during 1976, 31 of 43 calves showed moderately severe clinical signs which included pyrexia (maximum 42 degrees c) and tachypnoea. during the outbreak infection by respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) was demonstrated by isolation from nasopharyngeal swabs or by serology. pasteurella haemolytica or p multocida were isolated from the blood of four and five calves respectively. in the month before disease 65 per cent of the calves showed significant antibo ...	1980	7210428
respiratory syncytial virus infections in oslo 1972--1978. i. virological and epidemiological studies.	respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection was diagnosed in 464 children admitted to hospital with acute respiratory disease from autumn 1972 to spring 1978. the virological surveillance was approximately 70%. as a rule, rsv infections occurred in distinct outbreaks in late autumn and winter together with a marked increase in the number of children admitted to hospital with acute lower respiratory tract disease. the incidence in children less than 1 year of age was about 10/1000 children/year. ...	1980	7211356
respiratory syncytial virus infections in oslo 1972--1978. ii. clinical and laboratory studies.	patient records from 422 children admitted to hospital during 6 winter outbreaks of rsv infection were examined retrospectively. bronchiolitis (255 patients) and pneumonia (98 patients) were the most common diagnoses. otitis media (76 patients) occurred as a complication to these conditions. children at risk for contracting severe illness caused by rsv were infants below the age of one year, more often boys than girls. of the children older than two years, 32% had already been diagnosed as asthm ...	1980	7211357
risk of respiratory syncytial virus infection for infants from low-income families in relationship to age, sex, ethnic group, and maternal antibody level.	the risk for hospitalization with respiratory syncytial virus infection during the first year of life was about five per 1,000 live births per year for infants born to low-income families in houston from 1975 to 1979. the risk varied depending upon the intensity of the epidemic for a given season, the month of birth of the infant, and the level of passively acquired maternal antibody at the time of birth. over 80% of the children hospitalized were less than 6 months of age; thus, most were born ...	1981	7229749
the development of balb/c cells persistently infected with respiratory syncytial virus: presence of ribonucleoprotein on the cell surface.		1981	7232415
nosocomial respiratory syncytial viral infections. should gowns and masks be used?	the efficacy of infection control procedures utilizing gowns and masks in the control of nosocomial respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections was evaluated by comparing the rate of nosocomial rsv infections in infants and ward personnel during two sequential periods when gowns and masks were used (period 1) and not used (period 2). all patients (162) and staff (36) on our infants' ward were examined for signs of respiratory infection and had nasal washes obtained for viral isolation every two ...	1981	7234784
a two year prospective study of hospital-acquired respiratory virus infection on paediatric wards.	over a 24 month period on six paediatric wards of different designs 169 cases of possible hospital-acquired respiratory virus infection were investigated. a variety of viruses was isolated from 82 cases, the most common being respiratory syncytial virus, influenza, parainfluenza, adenoviruses and rhinoviruses. a further 73 children developed respiratory symptoms between 3 and 300 days after administration but viruses were not demonstrable by the techniques used. these children were thought to ha ...	1981	7240735
respiratory syncytial virus proteins: identification by immunoprecipitation.	the proteins of respiratory syncytial virus have not been clearly identified due to the lability of the virus and difficulties in its purification. we have pulse-labeled respiratory syncytial virus with [35s]methionine and [35s]cysteine and analyzed cell lysates by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. five 35s-labeled viral proteins ranging in molecular weight from 21,000 to 73,000 (vp73, vp44, vp35, vp28, and vp21) were easily discernable above background cellular proteins. treatment of the infe ...	1981	7241656
[immunological studies of the relation between respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and bronchiolitis].		1981	7242476
legionnaires' disease combined with erythema multiforme in a 3-year-old boy.	a case of legionnaires' disease (ld) is described in a 3-year-old boy. he had fulminant disease with typical signs like bilateral pneumonia, gastrointestinal symptoms, and somnolence indicating involvement of the central nervous system. there was no premorbidity. an outstanding development was erythema multiforme, which has never previously been described in ld. the basic disease was caused by legionella pneumophila. this is evidenced by specific serum igm at admission and a subsequent significa ...	1981	7246139
inhibition of respiratory syncytial virus-host cell interactions by mono- and diamidines.	several aromatic mono- and diamidines were found to block cell fusion induced by respiratory syncytial virus. the best inhibitors were able to achieve complete suppression of syncytium formation at a concentration of 1.0 microm. inhibition occurred in respiratory syncytial virus-infected hep-2 and cv-1 cells, but the same inhibitors were ineffective in preventing fusion induced by parainfluenza virus type 3. the fusion inhibitors did not reduce single-cycle virus yields, but did reduce multiple- ...	1981	7247387
respiratory syncytial virus infection: ten-year follow-up.	studies within the last 20 years have shown that the incidence of asthma is increased in children who have been hospitalized with bronchiolitis due to respiratory syncytial virus. to evaluate such respiratory consequences in an ambulatory population, a follow-up study was done of 37 children who had respiratory syncytial virus infection documented at a community pediatric clinic in 1968 when they were younger than 4 years. this study, done ten years later by chart review and parental interview, ...	1981	7471595
respiratory syncytial virus.		1981	7249574
effect of respiratory syncytial virus and virus-antibody complexes on the oxidative metabolism of human neutrophils.	the effect of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) or mixtures of rsv and its specific antibody on the oxidative metabolic activity of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes was studied by the technique of luminol-dependent chemiluminescence. peripheral blood neutrophils obtained from normal healthy donors were used. rsv alone failed to induce any chemiluminescent response by the neutrophils. however, mixtures of rsv and rsv antibody-positive serum regularly elicited significant neutrophil chemilumines ...	1981	7251140
modes of transmission of respiratory syncytial virus.		1981	7252646
bronchomammary axis in the immune response to respiratory syncytial virus.	the products of lactation from 26 nursing mothers were sequentially examined over several months for the presence or appearance of antibodies directed against respiratory syncytial virus. antiviral igm and igg were rarely identified in either colostrum or milk. rsv-specific iga was found in 75% (18/24) of specimens of colostrum; 40% (6/15) and 59% (4/7) of milk samples obtained at three and six months still contained specific iga antibody. the latter increase was felt to represent boosting of ex ...	1981	7252673
acute fatal pneumonia in calves due to respiratory syncytial virus.	an acute pneumonia developed in 28 calves which had been housed together from one to two weeks of age. the clinical signs included pyrexia, tachypnoea, respiratory distress and coughing. some of the calves died. the pneumonia was characterised by an alveolitis with multinucleated syncytia, alveolar epithelial hyperplasia and bronchiolitis. interstitial emphysema was also present. fifteen of 19 calves examined serologically had rising neutralising antibody titres to respiratory syncytial virus; i ...	1981	7257127
activation of complement by cells infected with respiratory syncytial virus.	the ability of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-infected he(p)-2 cells in culture to activate complement was investigated. after incubation of cells with various complement sources and buffer, binding of c3b to surfaces of infected cells was demonstrated by immunofluorescence with a double-staining technique. nonsyncytial and syncytial (i.e., fused, multinucleated) cells were separately enumerated. also, lysis of rsv-infected cells was assessed by lactic dehydrogenase release. in this system on ...	1981	7263071
acute fatal pneumonia in calves due to respiratory syncytial virus.		1981	7269190
characteristics of a persistent respiratory syncytial virus infection in hela cells.		1981	7269238
infectivity of respiratory syncytial virus by various routes of inoculation.	to understand the transmission of respiratory syncytial virus, we examined the frequency of infection in volunteers after inoculation by different routes with varying doses of virus. thirty-two adult volunteers received serial dilutions of a safety-tested live strain of respiratory syncytial virus instilled into nose, eye, or mouth. the highest inoculum, 5.2 log10 50% tissue culture infective dose (tcid50), was administered to four groups of four subjects each, by nose to one group, by eye to on ...	1981	7287181
antigen and polypeptide synthesis by temperature-sensitive mutants of respiratory syncytial virus.	a revised nomenclature for the polypeptides of respiratory syncytial (rs) virus has been devised on the basis of comparison of the long, a2 and rsn-2 strains by slab-gel electrophoresis. seven polypeptides, now designated vp200, vgp48, vpn41, vpp32, vpm27, vp25 and vp10, were observed in preparations of all three strains of rs virus, irrespective of the host cell of origin. in addition, a slowly migrating glycopolypeptide gp1 was prominent in partially purified rs virus of the long and a2 strain ...	1981	7288405
acute fatal pneumonia in calves due to respiratory syncytial virus.		1981	7292939
secretory antibody response to respiratory syncytial virus infection.	the secretory antibody response to primary and secondary infection with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in igg, igm and 11s iga immunoglobulin classes was determined using an indirect immunofluorescence antibody technique. nasopharyngeal secretions were collected after naturally acquired primary or secondary infection with rsv. immunoglobulin a responses to rsv were significantly greater in infants older than 6 months of age at the time of infection than in younger infants. reinfection with rs ...	1981	7294005
monoclonal antibodies to respiratory syncytial virus: detection of virus neutralization and other antigen-antibody systems using infected human and murine cells.	monoclonal antibodies to human respiratory syncytial (rs) virus-specific antigens can be obtained without preliminary recourse to large-scale culture and purification of the virion. lytically infected human and persistently infected murine cultured cells expressing rs virus-specific cell surface and cytoplasmic antigens were substituted as priming immunogens and as substrates in solid-phase antibody radioimmunoassays. seven hybridoma clones secreting murine igg of either the gamma 1 or the gamma ...	1981	7298794
detection of respiratory syncytial virus in nasopharyngeal secretions by inhibition of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.	an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay developed for the demonstration of respiratory syncytial (rs) virus immunoglobulin g antibodies was used for the detection of rs virus in specimens of nasopharyngeal secretions (nps) obtained from children with acute respiratory disease. samples of nps were incubated with a fixed amount of standard serum (human serum antibodies to rs virus) before being added to the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test plate. a decrease in the optical density value determin ...	1981	7309848
respiratory syncytial virus antibodies in nonhuman primates and domestic animals.		1981	7311470
causes of pneumonia presenting to a district general hospital.	the incidence of bacterial, viral, mycoplasma, and rickettsial infections has been assessed prospectively in 210 adult patients with pneumonia who presented to a district hospital over a six-year period. one hundred and thirteen infective agents were detected in 103 patients. the agent most frequently detected was mycoplasma pneumoniae which accounted for 30 infections. a bacterial pathogen was found in 43 patients. streptococcus pneumoniae was the most common of these (24 patients); staphylococ ...	1981	7314031
acute fata; pneumonia in calves due to respiratory syncytial virus.		1981	7324346
concentration of human respiratory syncytial virus using ammonium sulfate, polyethylene glycol or hollow fiber ultrafiltration.	human respiratory syncytial virus was concentrated by polyethylene glycol or ammonium sulfate precipitation as well as by hollow ultrafiltration. recoveries obtained were respectively 49.4%, 47.7%, and 75.2%; however, further analysis of these results by resuspension experiments showed that all the infectivity could be recovered from the different concentrates. the protein content of polyethylene glycol concentrates was much lower than those of ammonium sulfate or hollow fiber ultrafiltration. e ...	1981	7328162
a reverse passive haemagglutination test for the detection of respiratory syncytial virus in nasal secretions from infants.	a reverse passive haemagglutination (rph) test has developed for the detection of respiratory syncytial (rs) virus in nasal secretions, taken from infants with acute respiratory illness. in the final form of the procedure, rs virus was detected in 24 of 25 samples positive for rs virus by tissue culture and/or fluorescence antibody staining and in two samples negative for rs virus by these techniques. the simplicity of the technique and the rapidity with which it may be performed together with i ...	1981	7328421
correlation of proliferation of lung epithelium with intramuscular sensitization and complement-fixing antibody to respiratory syncytial virus in the golden hamster.	intramuscular sensitization of hamsters with several forms of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) caused proliferation of lung epithelium. in contrast, intranasal injection of live virus rarely resulted in this phenomenon. a correlation existed between proliferation of lung epithelium and presence of complement-fixing antibody, but not between lung disease and delayed skin reactions. complement-fixing antibody to rsv was found to be independent of the influence of the thymus.	1981	7337963
decreased cell-mediated immunity to respiratory syncytial virus in multiple sclerosis.	we compared lymphocyte transformation to respiratory syncytial virus in patients with multiple sclerosis (ms) and in healthy controls. lymphocyte transformation was decreased in ms in the presence or absence of autologous plasma, adding to the evidence that cellular immunity to viral antigens may be broadly impaired in ms, and does not occur uniquely for any single virus.	1981	7347997
viral respiratory diseases: vaccines and antivirals.	acute respiratory diseases, most of which are generally attributed to viruses, account for about 6% of all deaths and for about 60% of the deaths associated with all respiratory disease. the huge cost attributable to viral respiratory infections as a result of absenteeism and the disruption of business and the burden of medical care makes control of these diseases an important objective. the viruses that infect the respiratory tract fall taxonomically into five viral families. although immunopro ...	1981	6976841
immunohistological demonstration of respiratory syncytial virus antigens in paget disease of bone.	respiratory syncytial virus antisera have been found to produce a positive immunohistologic response in osteoclasts in bone sections or in cells cultured from paget disease lesions in 12 out of 12 patients tested. these experiments were carefully controlled by several means. use of experimentally infected cells served as positive controls. adsorption of antisera on human bone powder and kb cells did not remove the specific immunologic stain, but adsorption of the antisera by the virus did. negat ...	1981	6940136
epidemiology of severe respiratory syncytial virus infections in huntington, west virginia.		1981	6958122
atopy does not predispose to rsv bronchiolitis or postbronchiolitic wheezing.	twenty-six 8-year-old children who had had respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis in infancy and their paired controls underwent skin and blood tests to assess the role of immunodeficiency and atopy in the pathogenesis of rsv bronchiolitis and the wheezing that may follow it. there was no difference between patients and controls in prevalence of atopy; positive results of prick tests to common antigens; eosinophil counts; yeast opsonisation defect; c2 deficiency; igg, iga, igm, and ige ...	1981	6788213
respiratory syncytial virus infection following renal transplantation.		1981	6764495
maternal antibody and respiratory syncytial virus infection in infancy.	one hundred newborn infants were studied prospectively for 1 year for evidence of infection with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). the indirect membrane fluorescence technique was used to determine specific antibody in sera. infection was shown in 29 cases. in 31 infants exposed to an rsv epidemic season, there was no evidence of infection. maternal antenatal sera were also tested, and wide range of igg antibody to rsv was found. mean titre of maternal igg antibody to rsv was significantly high ...	1981	7038043
comparison of fluorescent-antibody, neutralizing-antibody, and complement-enhanced neutralizing-antibody assays for detection of serum antibody to respiratory syncytial virus.	a comparison of three assays for the detection of serum antibody to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) was carried out on 47 serum samples obtained sequentially from infants and young children with rsv infection. neutralizing-antibody (na) activity was determined by a semimicromethod of plaque reduction. complement-enhanced na activity was determined by the addition of guinea pig complement to na assays. rsv antibody responses in immunoglobulin g, immunoglobulin m, and immunoglobulin a classes we ...	1981	7016915
in vitro cell-dependent lysis of respiratory syncytial virus-infected cells mediated by antibody from local respiratory secretions.	respiratory syncytial (rs) virus causes a local infection of the respiratory tract which is frequently severe in infants. we report the development in infected infants of antibodies in respiratory secretions capable of mediating in vitro destruction of rs virus-infected tissue culture cells in conjunction with non-immune lymphoid cells. the cytotoxic antibody activity was not detectable in nasal secretions from infants hospitalized with respiratory infections where rs virus was not identified. t ...	1981	7018759
clinical and laboratory diagnosis of respiratory syncytial virus infection.	infection with rsv is one of the most common respiratory viral infections in childhood, particularly in infants under 1 year of age. the disease is characterized by epidemic proportions of infection which occur regularly in all parts of the world in the winter months. the spectrum of the clinical disease is quite variable, and the infection may present as bronchiolitis, pneumonia, croup, or exacerbation of pre-existing reactive airway disease. recent evidence has suggested that rsv infection may ...	1981	7018832
diagnosis of respiratory syncytial virus infection in the bovine respiratory tract by immunofluorescence.	direct staining of nasopharyngeal smears with hyperimmune bovine serum raised against respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and conjugated with fluorescein isothyocyanate was compared with virus isolation from 14 experimentally infected animals. twenty-four out of 107 specimens examined were positive by the fluorescent antibody (fa) method and 21 out of 107 by virus isolation. most of the fa positives (81 per cent) were detected after the ninth day of infection whereas 80 per cent of virus isolation ...	1981	7027594
serum migration-inhibitory activity in infants with respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis.	using an unidirectional leucocyte migration-inhibition (lmi) assay, we investigated the migration-inhibitory activity (lif) in the sera of 25 infants who developed bronchiolitis following respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection. blood samples for serum-lif activity detection were obtained from patients the day after admission and two weeks later. the lmi assay revealed serum-lif activity in 17 (68%) blood samples taken during the acute phase of the disease. in contrast, no inhibition was fou ...	1981	7030363
production of antiserum to respiratory syncytial virus polypeptides: application in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.	by use of crossed immunoelectrophoresis techniques, respiratory syncytial (rs) virus-specific precipitates were produced between rs virus cellular antigen [solubilized in tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane-glycine buffer, ph 9] and antiserum raised in rabbits against semipurified rs virus. when these precipitates were employed as antigens for further immunizations in rabbits, antibodies (anti-rsv-precip.i) were produced which reacted with only one rs virus antigen when tested by the crossed immunoe ...	1981	7031083
the epidemiology of tracheobronchitis in pediatric practice.	epidemiologic characteristics of childhood tracheobronchitis occurring over a 104-month period in chapel hill, nc, were ascertained and compared to those of other pediatric lower respiratory illness (lri) syndromes. tracheobronchitis accounted for 40% of all lri seen at the community's only pediatric practice. tracheobronchitis incidence was highest during the first two years of life, through the ratio of tracheobronchitis incidence to total lri incidence increased with age. a viral pathogen or ...	1981	6797294
respiratory infections in cystic fibrosis patients caused by virus, chlamydia and mycoplasma--possible synergism with pseudomonas aeruginosa.	116 cystic fibrosis patients were observed, by monthly examinations over an eight-month period, to investigate the importance of non-bacterial respiratory infections (nbi) in exacerbations of the respiratory disease. sputum was examined for bacteria, and serum investigated for antibody response against virus, mycoplasma and chlamydia and for antibodies against pseudomonas aeruginosa. during this period each patient had, on an average, 2.9 exacerbations of which 76% were associated with bacteria, ...	1981	6798822
study of antibodies against viruses, chlamydiae, rickettsiae and mycoplasma pneumoniae in children with respiratory diseases.	seroconversion to different viral, chlamydial, rickettsial and mycoplasma antigens was followed up in 134 children aged 0-6 years, hospitalized with different respiratory diseases. parainfluenza viruses type 1, 2 and 3 and adenoviruses appeared to be involved in the etiology of most of the cases; respiratory syncytial virus was often found to play a role in pneumonia/bronchopneumonia and in "influenza-like illness", while chlamydiae and m. pneumoniae could be incriminated in cases of "influenza- ...	1981	6800128
virus infection of endothelial cells.	endothelial injury is important in the pathogenesis of thrombosis, atherosclerosis, disseminated intravascular coagulation, and vasculitis. the ability of several common human viruses to infect cultures of endothelial cells obtained from human umbilical veins or bovine thoracic aorta was demonstrated. indicators of infection included cytopathology, viral growth curves, and antigen detection by immunofluorescence. herpes simplex virus type 1, adenovirus type 7, measles virus, and parainfluenza vi ...	1981	6260874
sensitive plaque neutralization assay for parainfluenza virus types 1, 2, and 3 and respiratory syncytial virus.	a sensitive plaque neutralization assay for parainfluenza virus types 1, 2, and 3 and respiratory syncytial virus was developed in vero and ma 104 cell cultures. the tests were performed in semimicrotoiter trays containing 24 wells, 16 mm in diameter. parainfluenza virus type 1 formed plaques in vero and ma 104 cells only when trypsin was added to the overlay medium. plaquing of parainfluenza virus type 1 was more sensitive and technically reproducible in ma 104 cells than in vero cells. parainf ...	1981	6262372
the cotton rat as an experimental model of human parainfluenza virus type 3 disease.	intranasal or aerosol inoculation of cotton rats (sigmodon hispidus) with human parainfluenza virus type 3 (p3) produces pulmonary changes which closely resemble human disease due to this agent. active viral replication resulted in peak titers by day 2 of infection. viral antigen was localized by immunofluorescence in bronchial epithelial cells alone (aerosol inoculation) or epithelial and alveolar cells (intranasal instillation). cytopathic effects in epithelial cells was noted as early as day ...	1981	6268401
acute non-bacterial infections of the respiratory tract in singapore children: an analysis of three years' laboratory findings.	a retrospective study of the laboratory results on respiratory specimens received from children under 12 years of age between january 1977 and december 1979 was carried out. these children were either hospital patients, usually with lower respiratory infections, or outpatients on the influenza surveillance programme. the overall virus isolation rate was 26.8%, and the isolation rate among hospital patients, 38.5%. epidemics or outbreaks were associated with infections due to the influenza viruse ...	1981	6269479
[acute respiratory syndromes caused by viruses in a pediatric department. clinical and epidemiological studies of a series of cases admitted in the period from february to may, 1979].	in the period between february and may 1979, in concomitance with a sharp increase in admittance to the pediatric division of the parma general hospital for acute respiratory infections, we carried out a virologic and serologic investigation on hospitalized children aged 21 days-12 years. the investigation was carried out on 137 patients with respiratory diseases: 33 with bronchiolitis, which occurred mainly (32/33) between february and march in children that were prevalently (30/33) in the firs ...	1981	6271082
patterns of shedding of myxoviruses and paramyxoviruses in children.	in the houston family study, young children were cultured for virus weekly or biweekly and during acute respiratory illnesses. the interval between the onset of illness and positive culture was examined for 179 infections during 1975-1979. in week 1 after onset, 73%, 73%, and 66% of cultures were positive for influenza a virus, respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), and parainfluenza virus type 3, respectively. pooled data from influenza b virus infections in 1977 and 1980 showed that 73% of culture ...	1981	6273473
pneumonia: an eleven-year study in a pediatric practice.	data from an 11-year study of acute lower respiratory tract illness were analyzed to provide added insight into the causes and patterns of occurrence of pneumonia in an outpatient pediatric population. over 80% of all episodes of pneumonia occurred in children less than seven years of age; the peak attack rate was observed in 2-4-year-old children. a virus or mycoplasma pneumoniae was isolated from 24% of children with pneumonia; 57% of all episodes occurred during outbreaks for which a viral or ...	1981	6257108
detection of respiratory syncytial, parainfluenza type 2, and adenovirus antigens by radioimmunoassay and enzyme immunoassay on nasopharyngeal specimens from children with acute respiratory disease.	four-layer antispecies radioimmunoassay (ria) and enzyme immunoassay (eia) procedures were developed for the detection of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), parainfluenza type 2 virus, and adenovirus antigens in nasopharyngeal specimens from children hospitalized for acute respiratory disease. polystyrene beads (ria) or flat-bottomed polystyrene microtiter plates (eia) were used as the solid phases, guinea pig anti-virus immunoglobulins were used as the captive antibodies, rabbit anti-virus immu ...	1981	6259198
nosocomial viral respiratory infections: perennial weeds on pediatric wards.	the frequency and importance of nosocomial infections of the respiratory tract in pediatrics have generally been underestimated. in part this has resulted from the emphasis on bacterial infections which occur primarily in select at-risk populations. most respiratory infections in pediatric patients, hospital- and community-acquired, are viral and all patients are potentially susceptible the epidemiologic patterns of these viral respiratory agents on the ward mirror those seen in the community in ...	1981	6259940
interferon production in adults with respiratory syncytial viral infection.	respiratory syncytial virus may cause repeated infections and appreciable illness in adults as well as children. factors associated with immunity and recovery are poorly understood. we studied 37 adults with natural respiratory syncytial viral illness and eight experimentally infected volunteers for nasal interferon production. their response was compared to that of 25 adults with influenza. interferon was detected in only six of those with natural respiratory syncytial virus and in none of thos ...	1981	6160798
interferon and respiratory syncytial virus.		1981	6163386
interferon production by human mononuclear leukocytes: differences between respiratory syncytial virus and influenza viruses.	the ability of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) to induce interferon production by human mononuclear leukocytes was compared with that of influenza viruses. cell culture fluids were assayed for interferon activity 1, 3 and 7 days after exposure to rsv or to one of two subtypes of influenza a virus (h0n1 and h3n2). rsv induced interferon production inconsistently and in low titers. varying the multiplicity of infection did not improve the ability of rsv to induce interferon production. in contra ...	1981	6163726
the development of respiratory syncytial virus-specific ige and the release of histamine in nasopharyngeal secretions after infection.	we studied the development of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-specific ige and the release of histamine in nasopharyngeal secretions from 79 infants with various forms of respiratory illness due to rsv. rsv-ige was measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; specificity was confirmed by appropriate blocking experiments. histamine content in the secretions was determined by fluorimetric methods. rsv-ige was detectable in only one of 19 patients with rsv infection without wheezing, but was ...	1981	6168908
interferon, fluorescent antibody, and neutralizing antibody responses in sera of calves inoculated with bovine respiratory syncytial virus.	interferon, fluorescent antibody, and neutralizing antibody responses were studied in sera of 9 calves inoculated with bovine respiratory syncytial virus, in relation to viral shedding and clinical signs of disease. the calves (5.5 to 6.5 weeks of age) were assigned to 3 groups. group i was inoculated once with the virus, and groups ii and iii were challenge exposed at postinoculation day (pid) 15 or 37. serum-neutralizing and indirect fluorescent antibody techniques were used to measure antibod ...	1981	6170241
detection of respiratory syncytial virus serum antibodies by an elisa system.	an elisa test for respiratory syncytial (rs) virus assay was adapted and standardized; it gave 10-15 times higher antibody titres than complement fixation (cf) but was not a more sensitive test for detecting recent rs virus infection in persons above 1 year of age. in testing normal-population sers, elisa revealed twice more positive sera than the cf test. owing to its high sensitivity and apparent ability to detect long-persisting antibodies, elisa is the test of choice for sero-epidemiological ...	1981	6112865
respiratory syncytial virus infection causing neurological disorder in neonates.		1981	6113386
respiratory syncytial virus causing neurological disorder in an adult.		1981	6114314
mechanisms of infection in the respiratory tract.	related to its potential vulnerability the respiratory tract has a very complex and effective defence apparatus. the interaction between these defence mechanisms and certain characteristics of aetiological agents results in a pattern in which initial infections by these agents tend to occur at specific sites in the tract. infections in which the primary portal of entry is in the upper respiratory tract include bordetella bronchiseptica and haemophilus spp in pigs; pasteurella spp in cattle, shee ...	1981	16030806
interference between outbreaks of respiratory syncytial virus and influenza virus infection.		1982	6121154
the genome of respiratory syncytial virus is a negative-stranded rna that codes for at least seven mrna species.	the rna from purified respiratory syncytial (rs) virions and the rnas from rs virus-infected cells were isolated and characterized. the rna from rs virions was found to be a unique species of single-stranded rna of approximately 5 x 10(6) daltons. specific annealing experiments demonstrated that at least 93% of the virion rna was of negative (nonmessage) polarity. eight major and three minor species of virus-specific rna were detected in the cytoplasm of rs virus-infected hep-2 cells. the larges ...	1982	6125602
different effects of influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus, and sendai virus on human lymphocytes and macrophages.	influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus, and sendai virus depress human cell-mediated immune responses, such as mitogen-induced lymphocyte transformation, but differ in their ability to induce other immune defense mechanisms, such as interferon production. exposure to the different viruses resulted in depressed transformation responses to the mitogen phytohemagglutinin by affecting the function of lymphocytes, or macrophages, or both cell types.	1982	6175576
[early diagnosis of respiratory syncytial virus infection in infants and young children. detection of specific igm by indirect immunofluorescence technic].		1982	6221821
concurrent outbreaks of rhinovirus and respiratory syncytial virus in an intensive care nursery: epidemiology and associated risk factors.	an outbreak of viral respiratory disease occurred in eight infants in a neonatal intensive care unit during the 1980 winter respiratory season. four infections with respiratory syncytial virus and four infections with rhinovirus were identified. epidemiologic investigation revealed that viral respiratory infection was significantly associated with intubation with orotracheal tubes (p = 0.001), with the presence of both a nasal feeding tube plus an orotracheal tube together (p = 0.007), and with ...	1982	6279812
a longitudinal study of respiratory viruses and bacteria in the etiology of acute otitis media with effusion.	we analyzed data from a 14-year longitudinal study of respiratory infections in young children to determine the relative importance of viral respiratory infection and nasopharyngeal colonization with streptococcus pneumoniae and haemophilus influenzae as factors influencing the occurrence of acute otitis media with effusion. the incidence of this disorder was increased in children with viral respiratory infections (average relative risk, 3.2; p less than 0.0001). infection with respiratory syncy ...	1982	6281639
viral agents of acute respiratory infections in young children in kuala lumpur.	the results of this study indicate that the important viral agents associated with lower respiratory tract infections in young children are respiratory syncytial virus, rhinovirus, and parainfluenza virus, particularly in those under 2 years of age. this is in close agreement with studies done in temperate climates. influenza a virus is seasonal and plays an important role in upper respiratory tract infections in older children.	1982	6282479
the role of respiratory syncytial virus and other viral pathogens in acute otitis media.	we utilized recently developed enzyme immunoassay techniques to examine the role of selected viruses in the etiology of acute otitis media. viral pathogens were found in middle ear fluids obtained from 13 (24%) of 53 children with acute otitis media; respiratory syncytial virus accounted for ten of the 13 viral agents identified. in addition, respiratory syncytial viral antigen was found in nasopharyngeal washings obtained from 15 of the 53 children. seven of these children had rsv identified as ...	1982	6283052
infections in pregnancy: highlights from the collaborative perinatal project.	the longitudinal study of approximately 60,000 pregnant women was conducted at 14 major medical centers throughout the united states. clinical data was obtained under prescribed protocols for each of the study women throughout their pregnancy, at delivery, and through the postpartum period. the children were followed with uniform examinations from birth through seven years of age. in addition blood samples were taken from the pregnant women at registration, every two months through pregnancy, at ...	1982	6285538
prevalence of bovine herpesvirus-1, bovine oral diarrhea, parainfluenza-3, bovine adenoviruses-3 and -7, and goat respiratory syncytial viral antibodies in goats.	sera from healthy goats were collected during october 1979 through october 1980. these sera were tested for bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1), bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), parainfluenza-3 (pi-3) virus, bovine adenoviruses (bav) -3 and -7, and goat respiratory syncytial virus (grsv) antibodies by microtitration virus-neutralization test. the number of herds with seropositive goats for each virus were: 5/38 (13.2%) for bhv-1; 9/38 (23.7%) for bvdv; 8/38 (21.1%) for pi-3 virus; 1/38 (2.6%) for ba ...	1982	6285781
defective interfering particles of respiratory syncytial virus.	a multiplicity-dependent interference was observed in respiratory syncytial virus preparations (randall strain) grown in hep-2 cells, and the factor mediating this interference was characterized. cloned virus did not demonstrate this multiplicity-dependent interference, but its replication was shown to be inhibited by the interfering factor by assays of reduction of infectious yield assay, the interferon factor was found to be particulate, to be inactivated by uv irradiation, and not to interfer ...	1982	6288562
microfilaments associated with paget's disease of bone: comparison with nucleocapsids of measles virus and respiratory syncytial virus.	the structural characteristics and intracellular disposition of microtubules present in osteoclasts in paget's disease of bone were compared with those of nucleocapsids in cells infected with measles virus and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). the distribution of microtubules in pagetic osteoclasts closely paralleled that of measles nucleocapsids in monkey kidney cells, but the dimensions of the pagetic microtubules were significantly different from those of measles virus. in contrast, pagetic ...	1982	6292129
atopy predisposing to acute bronchiolitis during an epidemic of respiratory syncytial virus.	thirty-one infants admitted to hospital with acute bronchiolitis during an epidemic of respiratory syncytial virus were compared with a control group of 32 infants to establish whether the two groups differed in atopic background. past history of respiratory illness, eczema, and present reactions to skin testing differed significantly between the two groups. thus, infants with acute bronchiolitis had a significantly higher atopic predisposition than the controls.	1982	6802409
wheezing, asthma, and pulmonary dysfunction 10 years after infection with respiratory syncytial virus in infancy.	of the 180 children admitted to hospitals in tyneside in the first year of life with proved respiratory syncytial virus lower respiratory tract infection, 130 were seen for review 10 years later and 34 of the remaining 50 children accounted for. skin tests, lung function tests, and histamine-challenge and exercise tests for bronchial lability were undertaken in over 100 of the index children and a similar number of control children. a total of 55 (42%) of the 130 index children had had further e ...	1982	6805648