Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| experimental and spontaneous mucosal disease of cattle: a validation of koch's postulates in the definition of pathogenesis. | the complex etiology of mucosal disease of cattle has been unravelled by experimental reproduction of the fatal syndrome, thereby validating koch's postulates. the causal virus, bovine virus diarrhea virus (bvdv), has two biotypes, noncytopathogenic and cytopathogenic; the former can infect the early bovine fetus, induce immunotolerance and a lifelong persistent viremia (pv), whereas the latter biotype can superinfect the pv cattle and induce mucosal disease. the cytopathogenic biotype appears a ... | 1993 | 8407250 |
| detection of bovine viral diarrhea virus rna in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded brain tissue by nested polymerase chain reaction. | isolation and amplification of rna from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues is delicate due to its fragility and ubiquitous ribonucleases. for retrospective studies, however, a convenient procedure for the detection of rna in archived material is of great value. bovine viral diarrhea (bvd) virus is a member of the pestivirus genus in the family flaviviridae. different protocols for the isolation of bvd virus rna from fresh and autolytic as well as from routinely formalin-fixed and paraffin ... | 1993 | 8408445 |
| recent advances in bovine vaccine technology. | a description of new commercial and experimental vaccines for viral and bacterial diseases of cattle can be broadly divided into those used for both beef and dairy cows and those used predominantly in dairy cattle. for both types of cattle, newer and experimental vaccines are directed against several of the important viral (e.g., bovine herpesvirus 1, bovine viral diarrhea virus, bovine respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza type 3, and foot-and-mouth disease virus) and bacterial pathogens ( ... | 1993 | 8408872 |
| fatal bvdv infection in adult cattle. | 1993 | 8465509 | |
| morbidity and mortality in a large irish feedlot; microbiological and serological findings in cattle with acute respiratory disease. | a survey of morbidity and mortality was undertaken in a slatted unit containing 6399 beef cattle over a 6 month period. the mortality rate was 0.78% and the morbidity rate was 12.7%. the interval from arrival to morbidity was 25.5 days +/- 0.9. significantly more sick cattle were identified on either mondays or tuesdays than were seen on saturdays or sundays (p < 0.005). the mean interval to mortality (all diseases) was 48.5 days +/- 7.4. respiratory disease was the most frequently recorded dise ... | 1993 | 8111615 |
| validation of virus inactivation and removal for the manufacturing procedure of two immunoglobulins and a 5% serum protein solution treated with beta-propiolactone. | intravenous immunoglobulins and serum protein solutions are manufactured from human plasma pools of healthy, screened donors. a step-by-step validation of virus removal and/or inactivation was performed for the manufacturing process, which includes cold ethanol fractionation, beta-propiolactone (beta-pl) treatment, uv irradiation, thermal inactivation and other chemical and physical purification steps. the total viral clearance factors achieved for the entire manufacturing process were by severa ... | 1993 | 8117439 |
| associations between viral infections and respiratory disease in artificially reared calves. | market-purchased, week-old, dairy bred calves entering a commercial calf-rearing unit were blood sampled at six-week intervals until three months old. viral infections were monitored by elisa for antibodies to bovine herpesvirus 1, bovine respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenzavirus-3, bovine adenovirus subgroup 1 and bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv). the immunoperoxidase test was used to detect bvdv in serum. the total immunoglobulin concentration in the initial blood sample was measured ... | 1993 | 8212494 |
| processing of poly-ubiquitin in the polyprotein of an rna virus. | the rna genome of several cytopathogenic (cp) strains of the pestivirus bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) contains ubiquitin coding sequences (ucs). in noncytopathogenic bvdv strains, such insertions are missing. gene expression of bvdv occurs via synthesis of a polyprotein which is subsequently processed by virus-encoded and cellular proteases. the insertion of ucs in the genomes of cpbvdv strains cp14 and osloss leads to additional cleavages in the viral polyprotein. the respective processing ... | 1993 | 8212597 |
| application of a blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for serological monitoring of hog cholera (classical swine fever) in poland. | between 1990 and 1992, serum samples from 55,478 domestic swine were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for the presence of hog cholera virus (hcv) antibodies. the amount of antibody in the sera was expressed as the mean percentage inhibition (pi). for diagnosis, the tested sera were diluted 1:2 and considered positive if the pi was less than 25%. sera giving pi values in the range of 25-50% were retested against hcv and bovine virus diarrhoea virus (bvdv), by neutralising perox ... | 1993 | 8219338 |
| molecular characterization of positive-strand rna viruses: pestiviruses and the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv). | molecular characterization has become an important tool for the analysis of viruses including their classification. the manuscript focuses on the molecular analysis of two members of the genus pestivirus (hog cholera virus, hcv and bovine viral diarrhea virus, bvdv) and of the recently discovered porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv). the first protein encoded within the single large pestivirus orf is a nonstructural protein with autoproteolytic activity. the cleavage site ... | 1993 | 8219812 |
| serological and antigenical findings indicating pestivirus in man. | an epidemiological survey for pestivirus was undertaken in zambia and europe, in view of the recent serological findings obtained by previous studies in europe with humans. collected sera were tested for anti-bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) specific antibodies by iif and western blotting. of those individuals tested (n = 1272), 15.3% showed a seropositive reaction to the bvdv. anti-bvdv antibody prevalence in immuno-depressed patients (e.g. hiv positive) was investigated. a higher prevalence ... | 1993 | 8219813 |
| relationship between the levels of antibodies to bovine viral diarrhoea virus in bulk tank milk and the prevalence of cows exposed to the virus. | a positive relationship was found between the prevalence of cows in a herd which were antibody-positive for bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) and the level of antibodies to the virus in bulk tank milk as determined by an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). in herds with an elisa absorbance value of up to 0.20 there were very few or no antibody-positive cows, whereas in herds with an elisa absorbance value of at least 0.81, 87 to 100 per cent of the lactating cows were antibody- ... | 1993 | 8236677 |
| comparative hybridization and nucleotide sequence information from two noncytopathic isolates of bovine viral diarrhea virus. | comparative hybridizations of 8 cytopathic (cp) and 11 noncytopathic (ncp) isolates of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) were done using 4 different cdna hybridization probes. the hybridization probes were prepared from cdna synthesized from 1 cp bvdv (nadl) and 2 ncp bvdv isolates (sd-1 and ny-1) within the p80 region and from cdna spanning the 5' untranslated region of ncp sd-1. hybridization with the 5'/sd-1 probe detected 19 out of 19 isolates, whereas the p80/nadl, p80/ny-1 and p80/sd-1 hy ... | 1993 | 8236781 |
| prolonged persistence of cytopathogenic bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) in a persistently viremic cattle. | a bull persistently viremic with noncytopathogenic (ncp) bvdv was inoculated with the cytopathic (cp) bvdv strain tgac, which had been found to be antigenically different from the endogenous ncpbvdv (ncpw8). neutralizing antibodies against strains nadl and tgac were detectable 12 days and four weeks post infection, respectively. the animal developed fever and diarrhea 15 weeks post infection. on days 3 and 8 after onset of diarrhea a cpbvdv (cpx) was isolated from feces. antigenic analysis using ... | 1993 | 8237210 |
| the nucleotide sequence of the 5'-untranslated region of bovine viral diarrhoea virus: its use as a probe in rapid detection of bovine viral diarrhoea viruses and border disease viruses. | a 289 bp cdna fragment from the 5'-untranslated region (utr) of 16 bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) isolates was amplified by reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction, and sequenced by dideoxy dna sequencing. the sequence showed greater than 90% homology between the isolates and bvdv nadl in this region, and greater than 97% homology within a 72 base sub-region (nt 314-386). the 289 bp fragment was then used as a probe for rapid detection of bvdv and border disease virus (bdv) from ... | 1993 | 8264668 |
| estimation of herd incidence of infection with bovine virus diarrhoea virus (bvdv) in herds previously without animals persistently infected with bvdv. | on a previous occasion, all animals in 9 herds had been bled for bovine virus diarrhoea virus (bvdv) and antibodies. no animals persistently infected (pi) with bvdv were detected. three years later 10 animals in each herd were tested again. by this time 60 out of 90 previously seronegative animals had seroconverted. seroconversions had occurred in 8 of the 9 herds corresponding to a incidence risk of herd infection of 0.52 per year. the incidence risk of seroconversions in individual animals was ... | 1993 | 8266890 |
| attempts at preventing further spread of bovine virus diarrhoea virus (bvdv) infection in 5 danish dairy herds in which bvdv had been isolated. | in 5 herds in which bovine virus diarrhoea virus (bvdv) had been isolated, all animals were bled for virological and serological examination. after the herd blood test, follow up blood tests were made on calves born up to 6 months later in 1 herd, 9 months later in 1 herd and up to 12 months later in 3 herds. persistently infected animals (pi animals) were removed and after a time period a small herd sample of 10 animals that were born after removal of the pi animals were examined for bvdv antib ... | 1993 | 8266891 |
| prevaccination bovine viral diarrhea virus titers and subsequent reproductive performance in dairy heifers. | the study was conducted to determine if there was a relationship between prevaccination bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) titers in 14 month-old dairy heifers and time open during first lactation, length of the conception interval, fetal survival during the second pregnancy, and age at culling. possible associations were analyzed using nonparametric survival methods and survival distributions were described using the product-limit (kaplan meier) methods. regression analysis was used to estimate ... | 1993 | 8269361 |
| epidemiological study of enzootic pneumonia in dairy calves in saskatchewan. | a field study involving 325 calves from 17 dairy herds in saskatchewan was conducted to determine the risk of enzootic pneumonia and to assess its association with a number of factors. two different case definitions of pneumonia were used in the analyses: the first was based on producers' treatment risk (case1) and the second was based on semimonthly clinical examinations of calves by the research veterinarian (case2). the risk of pneumonia based on case1 was 39% and on case2 was 29%. the measur ... | 1993 | 8269363 |
| viral antibodies in bovine fetuses in argentina. | in order to establish the prevalence of viral infections of the bovine fetus in argentina, a serological survey for antibodies against viral agents currently affecting cattle in this country was conducted. antibodies against foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv), bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1), bovine leukaemia virus (blv), bovine rotavirus (brv), bovine coronavirus (bcv), bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) and parainfluenza-3 (pi-3) were investigated in a total of 315 fetal serum samples. conventi ... | 1993 | 8284507 |
| molecular characterization of border disease virus, a pestivirus from sheep. | three serologically different pestivirus strains isolated from sheep were selected for molecular analysis. cdna and deduced amino acid sequences of the genomic regions encoding glycoproteins e1 and e2 were obtained from the three strains. a comparison with amino acid sequences of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) and classical swine fever virus (csfv) revealed that one of the three ovine pestivirus strains can be grouped together with bvdv. the other two strains, however, were clearly different ... | 1994 | 8291236 |
| [prevalence of antibodies against the viruses of european swine fever, aujeszky's disease and "porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome" in wild boars in the federal states sachsen-anhalt and brandenburg]. | during the hunting season from 1991/1992 blood samples were collected from wild boar shot in the federal states of sachsen-anhalt (482 samples) and brandenburg (177 samples) which corresponds to 2.1 and 0.4% of the total hunting bag. all sera were screened in a complex trapping blocking (ctb) elisa for antibodies against hog cholera virus (hcv) and in an indirect elisa for antibodies against aujeszky's disease virus (adv). additionally the sera were tested for neutralizing antibodies against hcv ... | 1994 | 8131731 |
| monoclonal antibodies to bovine viral diarrhea virus: cross-reactivities to field isolates and hog cholera virus strains. | monoclonal antibodies to bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) were examined for binding with a large number of north american bvdv isolates and eight strains of the serologically related pestivirus, hog cholera virus (hcv). no single bvdv monoclonal antibody reacted with all bvdv isolates. the most cross-reactive monoclonal antibody was an anti-p80/p125 antibody which showed a positive reaction with 173 of 180 (96%) north american isolates. from a fewer number of isolates tested, one anti-gp53 mon ... | 1994 | 8143258 |
| pathogenesis of mucosal disease: a cytopathogenic pestivirus generated by an internal deletion. | cytopathogenic bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) arises by rna recombination in animals persistently infected with noncytopathogenic bvdv. such animals develop fatal mucosal disease. in this report, the genome of a cytopathogenic bvdv isolate, termed cp9, is characterized. cp9-infected cells contained not only viral genomic rna of 12.3 kb but also a bvdv-specific rna of 8 kb. cdna cloning and sequencing revealed that the 8-kb rna is a bvdv genome with an internal deletion of 4.3 kb. the 8-kb rn ... | 1994 | 8151789 |
| detection of bovine viral diarrhoea virus p80 protein in subpopulations of bovine leukocytes. | flow cytometry and two-colour immunofluorescence were used to detect cytoplasmic bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) antigen in leukocytes from viraemic cattle. monoclonal antibody to the p80 protein of bvdv, a non-structural viral antigen, was used to identify the subpopulations of leukocytes in which viral protein synthesis had occurred. viral antigen was detected in 23% of peripheral blood mononuclear cells. monocytes were found to have the highest frequency of infection (35%). a higher propo ... | 1994 | 8176381 |
| cloning, sequencing, and in vitro expression of glycoprotein gp48 of a noncytopathogenic strain of bovine viral diarrhea virus. | total cellular and viral rna isolated from cells infected with noncytopathic bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) strain 2724 was used for reverse transcription of viral specific sequences encoding the putative signal sequence and protein-encoding region of gp48. the cdna template was amplified twice by the polymerase chain reaction with a nested set of primers designed from nucleotide sequences of cytopathic bvdv strains nadl and 72, and ligated into a plasmid vector. nucleotide sequence analysis ... | 1994 | 8203115 |
| border disease virus transmitted to sheep and cattle by a persistently infected ewe: epidemiology and control. | in a swedish sheep flock comprising 202 ewes and 13 rams, a pair of twin lambs born in the spring of 1990 demonstrated signs of border disease (bd) and were persistently infected (pi) with border disease virus (bdv). investigation showed that bdv had been introduced in the preceding tupping period 5-6 months earlier by a bought-in ewe which, on the basis of immunoperoxidase- and polymerase chain reaction techniques, was shown to be pi with bdv. only 7 of the ewes, all of which had been in close ... | 1994 | 8209823 |
| virological and pathological findings in sheep fetuses following experimental infection of pregnant ewes with cytopathogenic-bovine-virus diarrhoea virus. | eighteen pregnant merino ewes were inoculated intravenously between days 65 and 68 of gestation with the unpurified cytopathogenic (cp) bovine virus diarrhoea virus (bvdv) strain indiana (experiment i). in experiment ii, three ewes were inoculated with the same virus after two successive plaque isolations in order to compare its pathogenicity for the fetus with special regard to lesions in the fetal brain. in experiment i, fetal blood and tissue samples, allantoic fluids and placentomes were col ... | 1994 | 7839747 |
| stability of the gp53 gene of a bovine viral diarrhoea virus isolated at different times from a persistently infected steer. | 1994 | 7850450 | |
| detection of bovine virus diarrhoea virus rna by in situ hybridisation with digoxigenin-labelled riboprobes. | a non-isotopic in situ hybridisation (ish) method has been developed for the detection of bovine virus diarrhoea virus (bvdv) rna. the technique is highly specific and allows the detection of bvdv in formalin-fixed paraffin-wax-embedded sections. digoxigenin-labelled riboprobes were generated to the coding region for the p125 non-structural protein and consequently it was possible to locate the virus positive-sense rna in bvdv-infected tissues. formalin-fixed tissues are ideal for ish, combining ... | 1994 | 7698882 |
| immune response to bovine viral diarrhea virus induced by anti-idiotypic antibodies. | we have previously prepared rabbit anti-idiotypic antibodies (anti-ids) against the neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mabs) specific for the gp53 of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv). the anti-ids, purified by sequential immunoaffinity chromatography, inhibited the immunizing mab from binding to the original antigens and blocked bvdv infection of cell cultures. this study evaluated immune responses in mice to the purified anti-id reagents. bvdv-specific neutralizing antibodies were induced by ... | 1994 | 7496930 |
| [development of pcr tests for the detection of bovine herpesvirus-1, bovine respiratory syncytial viruses and pestiviruses]. | the development of pcr assays for detection of bhv-1, brsv, bvdv and another pestiviruses is summarized. a polymerase chain reaction assay based on primers selected from the viral gi glycoprotein gene detected 3 fg pure bhv-1 dna, 0.1-1.0 tcid50 or a single infected cell. no amplification was observed with dna from bhv-2, bhv-3, bhv-4, ohv-1 or ohv-2. however, a fragment of the correct size (468 bp) was amplified using dna from herpesviruses isolated from reindeer, red deer and goat. the pcr ass ... | 1994 | 7817501 |
| high level expression of the envelope glycoprotein (gp53) of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (singer) and its potential use as diagnostic reagent. | a 1.74-kb cdna fragment containing the gp53 coding region has been cloned from bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) strain singer by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr). sequence analysis indicated that gp53 of bvdv strains singer, nadl and sd-1 shared extensive sequence homology at both the rna (85-94%) and protein (82-91%) levels. nineteen cysteine residues and five potential n-linked glycosylation sites were identified within the sequenced region, all of which were conserv ... | 1994 | 7856309 |
| comparative analysis of the 5' non-coding region of pestivirus rna detected from live virus vaccines. | comparative analysis of nucleotide sequences in the 5' non-coding region (ncr) of pestivirus rna detected from live porcine and human virus vaccines indicated that the contaminants are of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), and that there are at least three genotypes, which are distinct from hog cholera virus, among the bvdv strains. most of the nucleotide changes in variable regions of the 5' ncr were covariant, with complementary substitutions at other positions for secondary structures. the p ... | 1994 | 7865600 |
| double blind field evaluation of a trivalent vaccine against respiratory disease in veal calves. | a field trial was performed to determine the effect of a trivalent vaccine on clinical respiratory tract problems (crtp) in veal calves. the vaccine has been developed to increase immunity against the causal agents of ibr, bvd and brsv infection. in total 928 calves, housed in 16 compartments of one herd, were involved. in four compartments of 58 calves each, vaccinated and non-vaccinated calves were housed together. four other compartments were treated as a whole and 8 compartments were left un ... | 1994 | 7871698 |
| enteric pathogens in intensively reared veal calves. | observations were made on development of diarrhea in special-fed calves (n = 460) on 8 commercial facilities during 2 successive 16-week production cycles at weeks 0, 2, 4, 8, 12, and 16. a total of 23% were affected, with peak number of calves with diarrhea observed at week 0. suspected enteropathogens were identified in 86% of these calves, most commonly cryptosporidia, coronavirus, and rotavirus. identified potential zoonotic pathogens included giardia and salmonella spp and verotoxigenic esc ... | 1994 | 7879973 |
| a congenital abnormality of calves, suggestive of a new type of arthropod-borne virus infection. | about 1000 calves with a congenital disease were born in kagoshima prefecture, japan, between october 1990 and october 1991, the peaks of the epidemic being in march and july 1991. of 85 abnormal calves examined pathologically and serologically, 70 appeared to have been suffering from a viral disease. of these 70 animals, 17 had lesions bearing some resemblance to those of the diseases produced by akabane, chuzan, aino, bluetongue and bovine viral diarrhoea-mucosal disease viruses-diseases known ... | 1994 | 7884059 |
| immunosuppression as a factor in allowing mucosal disease to occur. | in order to verify the role of immunosuppression in the pathogenesis of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) infection, two experiments have been carried out. in one experiment, calves previously infected with cytopathogenic (cp) or non-cytopathogenic (ncp) bvdv were treated with dexamethasone (dms) 30 days later. in the other experiment, calves were simultaneously exposed to bvdv infection and to dms treatment. in both experiments the dms treated calves developed a more serious disease which in o ... | 1994 | 7924248 |
| segregation of bovine viral diarrhea virus into genotypes. | isolates of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) were segregated into two groups based on comparison of sequences from the 5' untranslated region (utr) of the viral genome. phylogenic analysis suggested that these groups, termed bvdv i and bvdv ii, are as different from each other as reference bvdv (bvdv-nadl, bvdv-sd-1, bvdv-osloss) are from hog cholera virus. polymerase chain reaction (pcr) tests, based on the 5' untranslated region and the genomic region coding for the p125 polypeptide, were de ... | 1994 | 7975238 |
| effect of acute infection with noncytopathic or cytopathic bovine viral diarrhea virus isolates on bovine platelets. | a total of 21 calves were inoculated i.v. with 1 of the following isolates of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv); cd87 (n = 10), ny-1 (n = 3), nadl (n = 5), or were sham-inoculated with virus-free medium (n = 3). subsequent to inoculation, platelet counts were monitored to detect differences between noncytopathic (cd87, ny-1) and cytopathic (nadl) isolates in their ability to induce thrombocytopenia. platelet count decrease throughout infection was statistically analyzed by comparing the slope o ... | 1994 | 7978652 |
| border disease virus: delineation by monoclonal antibodies. | many ovine pestiviruses from britain and a number of atypical porcine isolates are largely unrecognised by monoclonal antibodies (mabs) specific for reference strains of classical swine fever virus and bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv). additional mabs have therefore been produced using some of these "unreactive" pestiviruses. two of the viruses used were atypical porcine isolates (strains 87/6 and vosges), whilst another had been isolated from a sheep (59386). thirty-three mabs were selected, ... | 1994 | 7979965 |
| clinical consequences of a bovine virus diarrhoea virus infection in a dairy herd: a longitudinal study. | the clinical consequences of infections with bovine virus diarrhoea virus (bvdv) were studied in a herd of dairy cattle, where bvdv circulated for approximately 2.5 years. of the 136 cows that were subject to a primary infection, 129 remained healthy, 5 had mild signs, and 2 became severely ill; 1 of these 2 died from a concurrent puerperal infection. in spite of the predominantly subclinical infection, a gradual decrease of 10% or more in milk production, occurring within 10 days, was observed ... | 1994 | 7985352 |
| nucleotide sequence analysis of the structural gene coding region of the pestivirus border disease virus. | border disease virus (bdv) of sheep, an important ovine pathogen, is serologically related to the two other well characterized members of the pestivirus genus of the flaviviridae family, namely bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) and hog cholera virus (hocv). to determine its genetic relationship to bvdv and hocv, the genome of bdv strain, bd-78 encompassing the 5' untranslated region (utr) and structural gene coding region was molecularly cloned and the nucleotide sequence determined. the sequen ... | 1994 | 7985409 |
| detection of a cell line contaminated with hog cholera virus. | cell lines from the repository of the american type culture collection were examined for possible contamination with bovine viral diarrhea virus. during testing, hog cholera virus (hcv) was detected in the ib-rs-2 d10 porcine kidney cell line. this variant of hcv was avirulent for pigs and seldom induced detectable concentrations of antibody against reference viruses (hcv-ames or bovine viral diarrhea virus-ny1) in serum of inoculated pigs. additionally, this variant of hcv did not confer protec ... | 1994 | 7989247 |
| survey of cell lines in the american type culture collection for bovine viral diarrhea virus. | cell lines originating from cattle, sheep, goat, deer, bison, swine, rabbit, hamster, cat, dog, monkey, human, and mosquito were obtained from the american type culture collection and tested for contamination with bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv). immunocytochemical procedures and polymerase chain reaction (pcr) amplification were used to detect viral antigen or viral rna in 13 of 41 cell lines. the results of these procedures correlated exactly. cell lines derived from cattle, sheep, goat, de ... | 1994 | 7989438 |
| immunoperoxidase procedures for rapid detection of bovine viral diarrhea-mucosal disease virus antigen. | bovine viral diarrhea-mucosal disease (bvd-md) virus antigen was detected in bovine fetal muscular cells from sera of 42 cattle persistently infected with noncytopathic bvd-md virus by the indirect immunoperoxidase procedure (iip) but not from sera of 100 apparently healthy cattle. these findings agreed with the results obtained by the interference method. furthermore, bvd-md virus antigens were detectable in the smears of buffy coats by the iip procedure and in the formalin-fixed tissue section ... | 1994 | 7999919 |
| evaluation of pcr for diagnosis of bovine viral diarrhea virus in tissue homogenates. | tissue homogenates from 60 specimens submitted to the veterinary diagnostic center were evaluated by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for detection of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv). conventional virus isolation procedures showed the specimens contained bvdv. the bvdv rna was extracted from the homogenates and subjected to a reverse transcription reaction followed by pcr amplification. the pcr product was blotted onto a nylon membrane and hybridized with a 30-base pair oligonucleotide probe l ... | 1994 | 8011781 |
| porencephaly, hydranencephaly and leukoencephalopathy in ovine fetuses following transplacental infection with bovine virus diarrhoea virus: distribution of viral antigen and characterization of cellular response. | the distribution of viral antigen, histological lesions and inflammatory responses were examined in brains from ovine fetuses following experimental transplacental infection with a cytopathogenic strain of bovine virus diarrhoea virus (bvdv). at 10 and 14 days post inoculation (p.i.) viral antigen-containing cells were found throughout the different zones of the developing telencephalon and cerebellum. corresponding to the distribution of viral antigen, necrotic lesions both of already different ... | 1994 | 8017174 |
| natural recombination in bovine viral diarrhea viruses. | bvdv isolates exist as two biotypes differentiated at the molecular level by production of a p80 polypeptide. insertions consisting of host cell sequences and/or duplicated and rearranged viral sequences have been observed in the portion of the genome coding for the p80 polypeptide in some, but not all, cytopathic bvdv. the significance of these insertions to biotypic expression has yet to be demonstrated. it has been hypothesized that recombination results in the production of the p80 polypepti ... | 1994 | 8032255 |
| [bovine virus diarrhea/mucosal disease: a review]. | infections with the bovine viral diarrhea/mucosal disease virus (bvdv) are widespread and cause a variety of diseases including reproductive disorders, abortion and malformation, pneumoenteritis, thrombocytopenia and mucosal disease. together with the closely related border disease virus of sheep (bdv) and european swine fever virus (csfv), also referred to as hog cholera virus, bvdv is now classified in the genus pestivirus of the flaviviridae family. the bvdv exists in two biotypes, noncytopat ... | 1994 | 8036482 |
| identification of a new group of bovine viral diarrhea virus strains associated with severe outbreaks and high mortalities. | new bvdv strains associated with very high mortalities, which killed about 25% of the veal calves in quebec in 1993, have been isolated. in this study, characterization of the last two-thirds of the 5' untranslated region (5'utr) of their genome and virus neutralization experiments with polyvalent antisera raised in different animals both demonstrated that these strains formed a distinct group. despite a difference of about 25% in the 5'utr sequence with that of the classical strains, these 5'ut ... | 1994 | 8053150 |
| severe disease in adult dairy cattle in three uk dairy herds associated with bvd virus infection. | during 1993 outbreaks of diarrhoea in adult dairy cows in three geographically unrelated herds were found to be caused by bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv). the affected animals showed signs of acute watery diarrhoea, agalactia and pyrexia (39.4 to 42 degrees c). ulceration of the buccal mucosa, a mucoid nasal discharge and stiffness were inconsistent signs. the disease spread rapidly in each case. the diagnosis was confirmed by the isolation of non-cytopathic bvdv from blood and tissues and b ... | 1994 | 8059512 |
| inactivation of hepatitis c virus in low ph intravenous immunoglobulin. | the safety from hepatitis c virus of intravenous immunoglobulin prepared by the cold ethanol method of cohn-oncley is demonstrated by clearance through the manufacturing process of 9 x 10(6) plaque-forming units of bovine viral diarrhea virus used as a surrogate for hepatitis c virus. incubation of the intravenous immunoglobulin in its final formulation at ph 4.25 for 21 days at 21 degrees c caused a 10,000-fold decrease in bovine viral diarrhea virus intentionally added and complete inactivatio ... | 1994 | 8068309 |
| enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay assessment of bovine viral diarrhea virus antigen in inactivated vaccines using polyclonal or monoclonal antibodies. | an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) procedure was developed to assay the cytopathic and noncytopathic bovine viral diarrhea (bvd) virus strains used in inactivated vaccines licensed by the united states department of agriculture. the assay uses a biotin-labeled, staphylococcal protein a purified polyclonal bvd antibody (bab) from a calf hyperimmuned against nadl, singer, c24v, new york-1 (ny-1) strains and a field isolate. the bab recognized the following reference strains of bvd virus: ... | 1994 | 8068310 |
| investigation of an outbreak of mucosal disease in a beef cattle herd in southwestern saskatchewan. | this study describes the epidemiological investigation of an outbreak of mucosal disease that occurred on a ranch in southwestern saskatchewan. over a six month period during the fall and winter of 1991-1992,in a herd of 515 beef cattle and 96 bison, 20 yearling cattle from a group of 105 housed in one feedlot pen died from mucosal disease. a further eight yearlings were slaughtered for salvage because they were at risk of dying from mucosal disease. mucosal disease mortalities were the first ob ... | 1994 | 8076288 |
| noncytopathic strains of bovine viral diarrhea virus prime bovine bone marrow-derived macrophages for enhanced generation of nitric oxide. | bovine bone marrow-derived macrophages (bbmm) were infected in vitro with a cytopathic (cp) and a noncytopathic (ncp) biotype of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv). the virus strains used, tgan (ncp) and tgac (cp), originate from one animal and are antigenically closely related. both tgac and tgan infected a subset of bbmm. only cp bvdv induced a cytopathic effect. infection of bbmm resulted in the modulation of certain macrophage functions. only ncp strains of bvdv primed bbmm for enhanced reac ... | 1994 | 7520240 |
| rapid characterization of new pestivirus strains by direct sequencing of pcr-amplified cdna from the 5' noncoding region. | reverse transcription coupled with the polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) was used for the rapid laboratory diagnosis of pestivirus infections. a direct dna sequencing method was developed for the analysis of the amplified cdna from the 5' noncoding region of the viral genome. 70 pestivirus strains were compared in this study. sequence analysis allowed the characterization of each isolate as either classical swine fever virus (csfv), bovine viral diarrhea virus, or border disease virus, respecti ... | 1994 | 7529990 |
| uses of flow cytometry in virology. | this article reviews some of the published applications of flow cytometry for in vitro and in vivo detection and enumeration of virus-infected cells. sample preparation, fixation, and permeabilization techniques for a number of virus-cell systems are evaluated. the use of flow cytometry for multiparameter analysis of virus-cell interactions for simian virus 40, herpes simplex viruses, human cytomegalovirus, and human immunodeficiency virus and its use for determining the effect of antiviral comp ... | 1994 | 7530594 |
| effect of formalin fixation and long-term storage on the detectability of bovine viral-diarrhoea-virus (bvdv) rna in archival brain tissue using polymerase chain reaction. | detection of dna or rna in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues using polymerase chain reaction (pcr) may be hindered by degradation of nucleic acids during tissue collection, preparation and archivation. this study describes investigations on the effect of formalin fixation and prolonged storage of paraffin-embedded tissues on bovine viral-diarrhoea (bvd)-virus rna as a model system. brain tissues from eight persistently bvdv-infected calves containing high amounts of the virus were fixed ... | 1994 | 7597858 |
| seroprevalence of bovine immunodeficiency-virus (biv) antibodies in the cattle population in germany. | serum samples from 380 cattle were analysed for the presence of bovine immunodeficiency-virus (biv) antibodies by focus immunoassay (cell-elisa) and immunofluorescence assay (ifa). all specimens originated from dairy farms in the eastern part of germany, which had been randomly collected during the period 1989-1991. the cattle were clinically healthy and free of bovine leukaemia virus (blv) and bovine-virus diarrhoea-virus (bvdv) antibodies. infection of cell lines with biv was monitored by sync ... | 1994 | 7597862 |
| flow cytometric analyses of lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood and lymphoid tissues of gnotobiotic calves during primary acute postnatal infections of bovine viral diarrhea virus. | eight 1-day-old gnotobiotic calves were exposed to one of 2 noncytopathic isolates of bovine viral diarrhea virus (ncp-bvdv 7937 and ncp-bvdv 126) and 2 similar calves were not infected and served as controls. phenotypic analyses of peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes at 3, 7, and 10 days postinfection (pi), and cell preparations of thymus, peyer's patch, mesenteric lymph node, spleen, and bone marrow collected at necropsy, 10 days pi, were conducted using flow cytometric techniques on cells ... | 1994 | 7598787 |
| impact of bovine viral diarrhea virus on reproductive performance in cattle. | the major economic impact of bvdv infections is in producing reproductive dysfunctions. the virus can have a detrimental impact on the developing fetus at all stages, but the most severe consequences occur early in gestation. the virus is maintained in the bovine population through the production of pi offspring. only the ncb biotype of the virus can produce pi calves. the ncb biotypes is the one that produces the vast majority of bvdv infections and, as a consequence, the greatest economic loss ... | 1994 | 7728633 |
| noncytopathic bovine viral diarrhea virus in a system for in vitro production of bovine embryos. | techniques for in vitro production of bovine embryos have evolved to the extent that applications for the commercial production of calves have been proposed. however, little is known about the epidemiological implications of the procedures. one concern is the introduction of noncytopathic bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv). in this study, follicular oocytes (n=247) collected from 10 cows were matured and fertilized in vitro and presumptive zygotes were cultured for 7 d. primary cultures of bovin ... | 1994 | 16727438 |
| immunocytochemical evidence of listeria, escherichia coli, and streptococcus antigens in crohn's disease. | infectious agents have long been suspected of playing a role in the initiation of crohn's disease. the objective of this study was to search for likely microbial agents in diseased tissues using immunocytochemical techniques. | 1995 | 7729631 |
| a proposed division of the pestivirus genus using monoclonal antibodies, supported by cross-neutralisation assays and genetic sequencing. | sixty-six pestiviruses from ruminant and porcine hosts were analysed with a panel of 76 monoclonal antibodies raised against 9 different viruses. reactivity was used to construct epitope similarity maps for all of the viruses. four principal virus subgroups were demonstrated. one subgroup equated to classical swine fever virus (csfv) and included most porcine pestiviruses but none from ruminants. a second subgroup contained mainly viruses of bovine origin, including reference bovine viral diarrh ... | 1995 | 7735309 |
| isolation of a mutant mdbk cell line resistant to bovine viral diarrhea virus infection due to a block in viral entry. | a cell line, termed crib, resistant to infection with bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) has been derived from the mdbk bovine kidney cell line. crib cells were obtained by selection and cloning of cells surviving infection with a highly cytolytic bvdv strain. crib cells contain no detectable infectious or defective bvdv as ascertained by cocultivation, animal inoculation, indirect immunofluorescence, western immunoblot, northern hybridization, and rna pcr. inoculation of crib cells with 24 cyto ... | 1995 | 7747428 |
| further characterization of border disease virus isolates: evidence for the presence of more than three species within the genus pestivirus. | the molecular analysis of three ovine pestivirus strains revealed the existence of two distinct groups of sheep-derived pestiviruses, namely "true" border disease virus strains (bdv) and bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv)-like strains. as an extension of these studies rt-pcr and nucleotide sequencing of the autoprotease (npro) and nucleocapsid protein (c) encoding regions of additional serologically defined ovine pestivirus strains were performed. a comparison of npro and c revealed that three o ... | 1995 | 7747470 |
| serum concentrations of thyroid hormones in calves with a transient or persistent infection with bovine viral diarrhoea virus. | calves persistently infected with bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) often appear small for their age and it is possible that the virus interferes with their body metabolism by affecting the production of hormones. in this study, the serum concentrations of thyroxine (t4) and triiodothyronine (t3) were measured in calves with transient or persistent bvdv infections. the mean (sd) concentrations of t3 and t4 were lower (p < 0.001) in the persistently infected calves (1.79 [0.67] and 69.2 [23.8] ... | 1995 | 7761700 |
| evaluation of an antigen-capture elisa for detection of bovine viral diarrhea virus in cattle blood samples. | from blood samples routinely received for bovine viral diarrhea (bvd) diagnosis, 860 samples without antibodies to bvd virus were examined in both virus isolation and in an antigen-detecting enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) based on monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against the nonstructural bvd virus protein p125/p80. a total of 843 samples (98%) were positive (n = 170, 20%) or negative (n = 673, 78%) in both tests, corresponding to an agreement of kappa = 0.94. among 17 samples with diverg ... | 1995 | 7779967 |
| identification of herd-specific bovine viral diarrhoea virus isolates from infected cattle and sheep. | thirteen pestiviruses isolated from ruminants on four different farms in sweden were compared antigenically and genetically. on two farms, viruses were isolated from both cattle and sheep, a third farm contained only sheep and a fourth only cattle. seven viruses were isolated from six different cattle and six viruses were isolated from five different sheep. epitope conservation between the viruses was studied with a panel of 32 monoclonal antibodies, revealing that all of the isolates were bvdv- ... | 1995 | 7785188 |
| the drosophila melanogaster genome contains a member of the rh/t2/s-glycoprotein family of ribonuclease-encoding genes. | members of the rh/t2/s-glycoprotein family of ribonuclease(rnase)-encoding genes have been found predominantly in fungi, plants and bacteria, where they have been implicated in functions as diverse as the phosphate-starvation response and self-incompatibility. we report the isolation and sequence of dmrnase-66b, the first member of this family to be found in an insect genome. this gene was identified by the analysis of a cdna clone derived from cytological region 66b1-2 of the genome of drosophi ... | 1995 | 7607542 |
| genomic organization of gb viruses a and b: two new members of the flaviviridae associated with gb agent hepatitis. | the genomes of two positive-strand rna viruses have recently been cloned from the serum of a gb agent-infected tamarin by using representational difference analysis. the two agent, gb viruses a and b (gbv-a and gbv-b, respectively), have genomes of 9,493 and 9,143 nucleotides, respectively, and single large open reading frames that encode potential polyprotein precursors of 2,972 and 2,864 amino acids, respectively. the genomes of these agents are organized much like those of other pestiviruses ... | 1995 | 7637008 |
| the 5'-untranslated region sequence of a potential new genotype of bovine viral diarrhea virus. | the 5' untranslated region (utr) of several bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) isolates from the severe quebec outbreak was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and sequenced. sequences revealed the loss, for the bvdv type ii isolates, of an internal psti restriction site, which is present in all known bvdv type 1 5' utr sequences. a single restriction enzyme digestion (psti) of an aliquot of pcr product allowed us to differentiate bvdv type i and bvdv type ii. | 1995 | 7646359 |
| the prevalence of bovine viral diarrhea virus infection in a population of feedlot calves in western canada. | the prevalence of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) infection was examined in a population of 5129 recently weaned steer calves entering a large feedlot in central saskatchewan from september to december 1991. serum samples were collected within 24 h of arrival at the feedlot from every fifth calf processed and again 96 d postarrival. a microtiter virus isolation test was used to determine the prevalence of calves viremic with bvdv on entry to the feedlot. an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ( ... | 1995 | 7648532 |
| bovine viral diarrhea virus: biotypes and disease. | bovine viral diarrhea virus continues to produce significant economic losses for the cattle industry and challenges investigators with the complexity of diseases it produces and the mechanisms by which it causes disease. this paper updates and attempts to clarify information regarding the roles of noncytopathic and cytopathic bovine viral diarrhea viruses in persistent infections and mucosal disease. it also covers, in brief, what is known of the new diseases: thrombocytopenia and hemorrhagic di ... | 1995 | 7648541 |
| comparison of the p125 coding region of bovine viral diarrhea viruses. | the p125 (p54/p80) coding region of two cytopathic (cp) strains (oregon and singer) and two noncytopathic (ncp) strains (ny-1 and draper) of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) were amplified by the polymerase chain reaction, cloned and sequenced. the sequence data confirmed that the two cp strains do not possess any insertion or deletion in their p125 gene as observed in many other cp strains. in the p80, which showed a high amino acid sequence homology among all strains, no amino acid substitut ... | 1995 | 7653028 |
| assessment of protection from systemic infection or disease afforded by low to intermediate titers of passively acquired neutralizing antibody against bovine viral diarrhea virus in calves. | colostrum-deprived calves (n = 24) were fed various amounts of colostrum, colostrum substitute, or milk replacer to establish a range in titer of passively acquired viral neutralizing antibody in serum. the calves were then challenge exposed intranasally with a virulent, noncytopathic bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv-890). after viral challenge exposure, calves were monitored for fever, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and diarrhea. in addition, viral isolation and viral titration were performed o ... | 1995 | 7653884 |
| development of a pcr amplification assay as a screening test using bulk milk samples for identifying dairy herds infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus. | the approach of cdna synthesis followed by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) amplification was used to develop a rapid screening test for the detection of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) in bulk tank milk samples. the initial development of this detection method was done using lactating holstein cows; 1 acutely infected with bvdv following experimental inoculation and 2 persistently infected (pi) with bvdv. viral rna was extracted from somatic cells purified from whole milk using a guanidinium ... | 1995 | 7667908 |
| delayed onset postvaccinal mucosal disease as a result of genetic recombination between genotype 1 and genotype 2 bvdv. | bovine viral diarrhea viruses (bvdv) are segregated into two genotypes, bvdv 1 and bvdv 2. viruses within both genotypes may exist as one of two biotypes, cytopathic or noncytopathic. a highly fatal form of bvdv termed mucosal disease (md) occurs when an animal persistently infected with noncytopathic bvdv becomes superinfected with cytopathic bvdv. in this study, we characterized a noncytopathic (bvdv2-125nc)/cytopathic (bvdv2-125c) viral pair isolated from an animal that died of md 3 months af ... | 1995 | 7676642 |
| the genomic sequence of a virulent bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) from the type 2 genotype: detection of a large genomic insertion in a noncytopathic bvdv. | a second genotype of bovine viral diarrhea virus, bvdv genotype 2 or bvdv 2, has been identified based on phylogenic analysis of sequences from the 5' untranslated region of the viral rna. in this study, we derived the complete nucleic acid sequence of a virulent bvdv 2 virus, bvdv2-890, isolated from an animal that died of an acute uncomplicated bvdv infection. bvdv2-890 is noncytopathic in cell culture and does not produce a p80 viral polypeptide. the orf of bvdv2-890 is 11,922 nucleotide base ... | 1995 | 7676648 |
| comparison of an antigen capture enzyme-linked assay with reverse transcription--polymerase chain reaction and cell culture immunoperoxidase tests for the diagnosis of ruminant pestivirus infections. | a study to compare the merits of three different tests for the diagnosis of ruminant pestivirus infections was carried out. sensitivity studies using reference strains of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) and buffy coat samples from persistently infected (pi) carriers showed the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) had a greater sensitivity than the other tests. the antigen capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was least sensitive and could only be used on sampl ... | 1995 | 7536370 |
| restriction endonuclease analysis of bovine herpesvirus type 1 isolates from calves with fatal encephalitis: comparison with vaccine virus. | meningo-encephalitis in feedlot cattle sporadically occurred in the tokachi area in northern japan. the calves had been vaccinated intranasally with a mixed live-vaccine (infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus, bovine viral diarrhea-mucosal disease virus, and parainfluenza 3 virus) for which intramuscular inoculation was indicated. two additional live vaccines, bovine adenovirus type 7 and bovine respiratory syncytical virus, had been inoculated simultaneously. eleven isolates of bovine herpesv ... | 1995 | 7548427 |
| partial sequencing of hog cholera virus alfort strain genome and its comparison with other pestivirus strains. | after molecular rna cloning of the alfort strain (alfort/lcrv) of hog cholera virus (hcv), the nucleotide sequence of about 70% of the total genome was determined. this sequence was compared with homologous parts of previously published pestivirus genomes. the average homology with another clone of the alfort strain (alfort/frc) was found to be lower (86.1%) than with brescia strain of hcv (94.3%), while, compared with nadl, osloss and sd-1 (3 different strains of bovine viral diarrhea virus, bv ... | 1995 | 7550401 |
| antigenic differences between a field isolate and vaccine strains of bovine viral diarrhea virus. | antigenic diversity among the bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) cytopathic strains 87-2552 (field isolate) and nadl and singer (prototype strains) was demonstrated with monoclonal antibodies (mabs) in enzyme-linked immunosorbent, immunofluorescence, virus neutralization, and immunoprecipitation assays. two mabs against bvdv strain 87-2552, designated d11 and b7, strongly neutralized this field strain and were specific for the 48-kda glycoprotein of the virus. these two mabs have different subis ... | 1995 | 7559968 |
| prevalence of cattle persistently infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus in 20 dairy herds in two counties in central michigan and comparison of prevalence of antibody-positive cattle among herds with different infection and vaccination status. | all cattle in 20 dairy herds randomly selected from herds participating in the dairy herd improvement association program in 2 counties in central michigan were tested for the presence of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv). virus-positive animals were retested to ascertain persistent infection with the virus. a total of 5,481 animals were tested for presence of bvdv. in 9 of the herds, all animals were also tested for virus neutralizing antibody titer. based on infection and vaccination status, ... | 1995 | 7578445 |
| application of antibody titers against bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) as a measure to detect herds with cattle persistently infected with bvdv. | based on the distribution of antibody titers against bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) in 10 michigan dairy herds, it was calculated that screening of 5 young stock for bvdv antibody titer could be used to distinguish herds with persistently infected (pi) animals from herds without such animals. the herds were selected to represent 3 different herd categories: a, herds without use of vaccination and without pi animals (5 herds); b, herds with use of killed vaccine but no pi animals (2 herds); c ... | 1995 | 7578446 |
| effect of cytopathic bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) superinfection on viral antigen association with platelets, viremia, and specific antibody levels in two heifers persistently infected with noncytopathic bvdv. | 1995 | 7578459 | |
| antibody responses by cattle after vaccination with commercial viral vaccines containing bovine herpesvirus-1, bovine viral diarrhea virus, parainfluenza-3 virus, and bovine respiratory syncytial virus immunogens and subsequent revaccination at day 140. | calves were vaccinated with four different commercial viral vaccines containing bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1), bovine viral diarrhea (bvdv), parainfluenza-3 virus (pi-3v), and bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) immunogens. for the initial vaccination certain vaccines were given twice (days 0 and 28), whereas other vaccines were given on day 0. the calves received another injection on day 140 with the vaccine originally given on day 0. the sera were collected at days 0, 7, 14, 21, 28, 42, 5 ... | 1995 | 7483787 |
| brain lesions in calves following transplacental infection with bovine-virus diarrhoea virus. | in 33 calves and subadult cattle of the holstein-friesian breed ranging from 1 to 210 days of age, the spectrum of brain lesions induced by intra-uterine infection with bovine-virus diarrhoea virus (bvdv) was retrospectively analysed. of these, 27 animals originated from herds with a long history of bvd. six calves were derived from dams vaccinated between the 90th and 118th day of gestation with a bvd live vaccine. the most frequent lesion was cerebellar hypoplasia, being present in 25 out of 3 ... | 1995 | 7483906 |
| an rna pseudoknot is an essential structural element of the internal ribosome entry site located within the hepatitis c virus 5' noncoding region. | translation of the human hepatitis c virus (hcv) rna genome occurs by a mechanism known as "internal ribosome entry." this unusual strategy of translation is employed by naturally uncapped picornaviral genomic rnas and several cellular mrnas. a common feature of these rnas is a relatively long 5' noncoding region (ncr) that folds into a complex secondary structure harboring an internal ribosome entry site (ires). evidence derived from the use of dicistronic expression systems, combined with an e ... | 1995 | 7489514 |
| detection of bovine viral diarrhoea virus antigen and rna in oviduct and granulosa cells of persistently infected cattle. | large-scale in vitro bovine embryo production systems commonly use genital tracts obtained from an abattoir as a source of both cumulus-oocyte complexes and co-culture feeder cells. tissues derived from this source may be contaminated with non-cytopathogenic bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) since, in several countries surveyed, approximately 1% of animals tested are persistently infected with this pathogen. therefore, the use of such material in in vitro fertilization systems presents a poten ... | 1995 | 7490710 |
| unusual folding regions and ribosome landing pad within hepatitis c virus and pestivirus rnas. | a statistically significant folding region is identified in the 5' untranslated region (5'-utr) of hepatitis c virus (hcv), bovine viral diarrhea virus and hog cholera virus. this unusual folding region (ufr) detected in hcv encompasses 199 nucleotides (nt) and coincides with the reported internal ribosome entry site or ribosome landing pad (rlp), as determined by the 5' and 3' deletions [tsukiyama-kohara et al., j. virol. 66 (1992) 1476-1483]. the rna structure predicted in the ufr of hcv consi ... | 1995 | 7890155 |
| polymerase chain reaction (pcr) search for viral nucleic acid sequences in schizophrenia. | previous studies looking for evidence of viral infection in schizophrenics have yielded conflicting results. we searched for viral nucleic acids to test the hypothesis of the viral aetiology of schizophrenia. | 1995 | 7894877 |
| genetic heterogeneity within the coding regions of e2 and ns3 in strains of bovine viral diarrhea virus. | we have amplified and sequenced parts of the genomes of eleven laboratory strains of bovine viral diarrhea (bvd) virus originating from north america, new zealand and europe. the cumulative nucleotide (nt) sequence heterogeneity of the amplified fragments located in the analysed region of the gene encoding the nonstructural protein ns3 (p80) was 24% as compared to 47% for e2 (gp53). the nt substitutions in the e2 region resulted in replacements in 42% of amino acid (aa) positions, while the dedu ... | 1995 | 7875587 |
| pestivirus translation initiation occurs by internal ribosome entry. | the role of the 385 nucleotide 5' noncoding region (ncr) in the translation of the pestivirus genome was investigated. in vitro translation of an rna transcript containing the 5' ncr of the bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) genome followed by the coding sequence of the first gene product (p20) of the bvdv large open reading frame resulted in the synthesis of a 20-kda polypeptide. results from hybrid-arrest translation studies identified a region involving a predicted rna stem-loop structure spa ... | 1995 | 7831836 |
| effect of bvd virus infection on alveolar macrophage functions. | alveolar macrophages (am) were recovered by bronchoalveolar lavage from a group of eight calves at various times before and after inoculation with a cytopathic respiratory isolate of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv). a second group of four calves were given tissue culture medium as a control inoculum. macrophages were also recovered from two additional, uninoculated calves, and were exposed to bvdv in vitro. tests were carried out on the recovered macrophages to determine the effects of the v ... | 1995 | 7502482 |
| identification of cell membrane proteins linked to susceptibility to bovine viral diarrhoea virus infection. | three monoclonal antibodies directed against cell surface molecules of bovine cells inhibited subsequent infections with bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv). they specifically blocked the infectivity of three non-cytopathogenic and three cytopathogenic bvdv strains. these results showed that an important mechanism for virus uptake was inhibited. the ligand of the monoclonal antibody bvd/ca 17, which blocked infectivity most efficiently, was found on leukocytes from a wide range of domestic and w ... | 1995 | 7503697 |
| a seroepidemiological study of the importance in cow-calf pairs of respiratory and enteric viruses in beef operations from northwestern quebec. | serum antibody analyses for bovine herpesvirus type 1 (bhv-1), bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv), bovine coronavirus (bcv), and bovine rotavirus (brv) were performed on 527 randomly selected cows, before calving, and on 407 three-week-old calves. in cows and calves, bcv and brv were the most seroprevalent viruses (80% to 100% according to virus and vaccination status). bovine respiratory syncytial virus was the least seroprevalent in the cows, independ ... | 1995 | 7704839 |
| rapid detection of bovine viral diarrhea virus by using rna extracted directly from assorted specimens and a one-tube reverse transcription pcr assay. | we describe a simple method for the rapid detection of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) that uses a one-tube reverse transcription pcr (rt-pcr) and total rna extracted directly from a variety of bovine specimens, including whole blood and tissues. reagents for both rt and pcr were combined in a one-tube, single-buffer system, and amplification was performed with a single uninterrupted thermal cycling program. using the novel cationic surfactant tetradecyltrimethylammonium oxalate (catrimox-14) ... | 1995 | 7714180 |
| a double monoclonal antibody elisa for detecting pestivirus antigen in the blood of viraemic cattle and sheep. | a panel of monoclonal antibodies (mabs) has been produced to the p125/p80 non-structural polypeptide of border disease virus (bdv) and bovine virus diarrhoea virus (bvdv). this polypeptide appears to be highly conserved among bdv and bvdv isolates and consequently the mabs directed against it have a broad cross-reactivity with pestivirus isolates. the epitope specificities of these mabs were determined by competitive binding and four of the mabs with mutually exclusive epitope specificities were ... | 1995 | 7716885 |